Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tecnologia BCD'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Tecnologia BCD.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Mangora, Andrea. "Simulazioni elettromagnetiche agli elementi finiti per un sensore di corrente integrato in tecnologia BCD." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/14304/.
Full textPIDUTTI, ALBINO. "High Frequency Buck Converter for Automotive Current Source Applications." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/10281/404716.
Full textThis work was carried out in cooperation between Infineon and the University of Milan Bicocca, the aim being to develop the core of a DC-DC Buck Converter with a high switching frequency. Switching converters offer a simple and efficient way to power electronic loads. In addition, DC-DC power supplies make it possible to effectively meet many safety requirements of modern automobiles. For example, it is absolutely necessary that emergency lights, headlights and brake lights maintain their functionality under all conditions, especially during cold starting, when the battery voltage reaches very low values (even 4V). But under certain conditions they experience voltages even above 30V. DC-DC power supplies are well suited to large and sudden variations in supply voltage, and in addition to their relative simplicity they combine high efficiency, values of over 90%. Increasing the switching frequency reduces the size of reactive components linearly, allowing smaller PCBs and consequently lower costs. BCD technologies allow power transistors, control logic and diagnostics to be integrated on a single chip (SOC - System On Chip). In this research, three Buck converters were developed that operate at three different frequencies 1MHz, 4MHz and 10MHz with an output current of 3A. Of the buck converters available on the market, only the best performing ones have switching frequencies of 2.0-2.5MHz and load currents of 2-2.5A. Since the target of 10MHz with a load current of 3A is very aggressive, a Buck converter architecture was adopted that minimises the transition time of electrical signals, and a new driver topology had to be developed that is much faster and more powerful than the solutions adopted so far (patent pending). At the time of writing, 1 MHz and 4 MHz devices are being deployed. The wafers are scheduled for release in February 2023. The third Buck converter (10 MHz) is pending deployment. Four patent proposals were submitted during this doctoral work.
Mattiaccia, Francesca. "Brain Computer Interface: una nuova tecnologia per la medicina riabilitativa." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19014/.
Full textCinotti, Riccardo. "Comportamento a fatica della lega AlSi10Mg prodotta con tecnologia additiva Laser Powder Bed Fusion e trattata termicamente." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.
Find full textGiuccioli, Tommaso. "Comportamento a fatica della lega di alluminio A357 prodotta con tecnologia additiva a letto di polvere." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
Find full textAlbuquerque, Karla Fernandes de. "Tecnologia para banho no leito de idosos e usu?rios acamados: uma contribui??o para o cuidar humanizado." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13303.
Full textThis study aimed to validate the technology at Bed Bath System, in view of bedridden elderly and their caregivers, with a view to transforming the conventional paradigm regarding the practice of bodily hygiene held in bath chairs adapted in long-stay institutions for the elderly. This is an experimental study involving 51 (fifty one) elderly and 17 (seventeen) caregivers of three long-stay institutions for the elderly of the city of Jo?o Pessoa. For data collection, applied initially to cognitive assessment scale Mini Mental State Examination, with the aim of tracking the subject group of elderly cognitively able to participate in the study. In the second phase, to measure the percentage of agreement and disagreement about the attributes of the subjects of the shower chair and adapted the system for bed bath, used a questionnaire with closed questions, Likert scale model of four (4) points, with a good reliability index (0.728), estimated by alpha conbrach, evidenced by the Wilcoxon test a significant difference (P<0.05) between the responses of seniors and caregivers about the attributes involving technology system in bath bed and bath chair adapted, confirming the perspective of the subjects that the two systems differ significantly. However, the system bed bath got greater degree of agreement for their use, characterizing this system is a technology that makes the differential bed bath pleasurable action, quality and humanized
Este estudo objetivou validar a tecnologia Sistema de Banho no Leito, na perspectiva de idosos acamados e seus respectivos cuidadores, com vistas ? transforma??o do paradigma convencional, concernente ? pr?tica da higiene corp?rea realizada em cadeiras de banho adapatadas, nas institui??es de longa perman?ncia para idosos. Trata-se de um estudo experimental envolvendo51(cinquenta e um) idosos e 17 (dezessete) cuidadores de tr?s institui??es de longa perman?ncia para idosos do munic?pio de Jo?o Pessoa- PB. Para coleta de dados, aplicou-se inicialmente a escala de avalia??o cognitivaMini Exame do Estado Mental, com o fito de rastrear os sujeitos do grupo de idosos cognitivamente aptos a participarem do estudo. Na segunda fase, paraaferir o percentual de concord?ncia e discord?ncia dos sujeitos, acerca dos atributosdo sistema de banho no leito e da cadeira de banho, adaptada pelas institui??es de longa perman?ncia para idosos, utilizou-se um question?rio com perguntas fechadas, modelo escala tipo Likert de 4 (quatro) pontos, com um bom ?ndice de confiabilidade (0,728),estimado pelo alfa de conbrach.Evidenciou-se pelo teste de Wilcoxon uma diferen?a significativa (P<0,05) entreas respostas dos idosos e cuidadores,acerca dos atributosenvolvendo a tecnologia sistema de banho no leito e a cadeira de banho adaptada, confirmando sob a ?tica dos sujeitos que os dois sistemas diferem significativamente entre si. Todavia, o sistema de banho no leito obteve maior grau de concord?ncia para o seu uso, caracterizando ser este sistema uma tecnologia com diferenciais que tornam o banho no leito uma a??o prazerosa, de qualidade e humanizada
Imperio, Riccardo. "Le tecnologie a supporto del monitoraggio della qualità del sonno." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/23012/.
Full textMontràs, Boet Anna. "Mathematical modelling and molecular analysis of a nitrifying packed bed biofilm reactor." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5327.
Full textPer assolir aquest objectiu, el concepte MELiSSA compta amb l'activitat combinada de cinc compartiments colonitzats per diferents microorganismes i plantes superiors, interconnectats entre ells. Aquesta tesi es centra en el tercer compartiment del bucle MELiSSA, en el qual l'amoni és convertit a nitrat, que és la font de nitrogen més adequada per al creixement dels cianobacteris i plantes superiors que colonitzen els compartiments fotosintètics.
L'oxidació biològica d'amoni a nitrat té lloc en dues etapes successives que porten a terme dos tipus de soques bacterianes. En el projecte MELiSSA aquest procés es porta a terme en una columna de llit fix mitjançant Nitrosomonas europaea i Nitrobacter winogradkyi immobilitzats sobre un suport polimèric, i amb aportació d'aire en el mateix sentit de circulació que el medi líquid. El reactor pilot del tercer compartiment ha estat operant a la planta pilot del projecte MELiSSA durant períodes prolongats de temps abans de l'inici del treball realitzat en aquesta tesi.
La principal aportació d'aquesta tesi es troba en l'obtenció de nova informació sobre el funcionament del reactor a través d'un estudi detallat de la biopel·lícula i també mitjançant el desenvolupament d'un model matemàtic que ens permetrà estudiar els efectes de diferents paràmetres d'operació sobre el procés i l'estructura de la biopel·lícula. S'implementaran també els aparells de mesura necessaris per millorar la qualitat de la monitorització de les diferents espècies de nitrogen a la fase líquida. Els coneixements adquirits en la realització d'aquest treball seran utilitzats per portar a terme el re-disseny del reactor per tal de millorar-ne el funcionament dins de la planta pilot del projecte MELiSSA.
MELiSSA (Micro Ecological Life Support System Alternative) is the system developed by the European Space Agency (ESA) and the MELiSSA consortium in the field of life support for long term manned missions in Space. Based on the principle of an aquatic ecosystem, MELiSSA was conceived as a tool to develop the required technology for a future biological life support system. Its final aim is the production of food, fresh water and oxygen from the organic wastes of a crew.
To achieve this goal, the MELiSSA concept is based on the use of five interconnected compartments colonised by several microorganisms and higher plants. This thesis is focused on the third compartment of the MELiSSA loop, in which ammonium is converted to nitrate, the most suitable nitrogen source for the growth of the bacteria and higher plants colonising the photosynthetic compartment. The biological oxidation of ammonium to nitrate, which consists of two successive reactions carried out by two different bacterial strains, takes place in a packed bed biofilm reactor. Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrobacter winogradskyi are immobilised on a polymeric support, with air flowing cocurrently with the feed medium. The pilot-scale reactor of compartment III (CIII) had been in operation in the MELiSSA pilot plant for several years before the start of the present work.
The main contributions of this thesis are in increasing the understanding of the reactor performance by studying the nitrifying biofilm in depth, and by developing a mathematical model that allows the effects of different operational parameters on the process and on the biofilm structure, to be studied. Moreover, continuous monitoring of the nitrifying efficiency will be improved by installing the necessary on-line equipment to experimentally measure the concentrations of all the nitrogen species in the liquid phase. The additional knowledge achieved on the reactor performance via this work will finally lead to re-design the reactor hardware for optimal performance in the MELiSSA pilot plant.
The knowledge acquired in this thesis was finally used to define the main features of the re-design of the pilot reactor of the MELiSSA compartment III.
Silva, Junior Nelson Pereira da. "Avaliação de processos para obtenção de comprimidos de Beta-Ciclodextrina-Paracetamol /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91705.
Full textAbstract: Cyclodextrins (CDs) have been reported in a number of studies in the pharmaceutical field since it interact with many drugs to form water soluble inclusion complexes, thus improving not only the solubility but also the stability and biovailability of various drugs. In order to obtain Beta-CD tablets, liquid dispersions of drug/ Beta-CD are usually submitted to different drying process, like spray drying, freeze-drying or slow evaporation and further added to several excipients. In this work we evaluated different process for the preparation of Beta-CD/ acetaminophen tablets. Due to its low solubility, we have used acetaminophen as a drug model. In the first process, an aqueous Beta-CD/ acetaminophen dispersion were added to corn starch, microcrystalline cellulose or monohydrated lactose and the material was dried in a static bed. In the second process, an aqueous Beta-CD/acetaminophen dispersion were added to corn starch and further dried in a fluidized bed (spouted bed). As a result, in the first process the use of starch or cellulose led to mixtures with higher amount of drug with good flowability and compressibility, whereas the second process led to a mixture of good compressibility and to tablets that presented the best physical proprieties. In conclusion, both process represent viable technological approaches to obtain Beta-CD tablets.
Orientador: Maria Palmira Daflon Gremião
Coorientador: Ana Dóris de Castro
Banca: Leila Aparecida Chiavacci
Banca: Osvaldo de Freitas
Mestre
Ribeiro, Hugo Manuel da Silva. "Estudos sobre nitrificação em biofilmes de um biofiltro do tipo MBBR (Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor) operando em água salgada." Master's thesis, Porto : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/64183.
Full textRibeiro, Hugo Manuel da Silva. "Estudos sobre nitrificação em biofilmes de um biofiltro do tipo MBBR (Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor) operando em água salgada." Dissertação, Porto : [s.n.], 2008. http://catalogo.up.pt/F?func=find-b&local_base=FCB01&find_code=SYS&request=000103032.
Full textSilva, Junior Nelson Pereira da [UNESP]. "Avaliação de processos para obtenção de comprimidos de Beta-Ciclodextrina-Paracetamol." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91705.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Ciclodextrinas (CD) têm sido relatadas em inúmeros estudos por interagir com muitos fármacos para a formação de complexos de inclusão com o objetivo de aumentar a solubilidade, estabilidade e biodisponibilidade. No processo usual para obtenção de comprimidos contendo Beta-CD, as dispersões líquidas de fármaco/Beta-CD são submetidas a processos de secagem por liofilização, evaporação ou spray-drying e o material seco é incorporado a vários excipientes. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi avaliar processos de obtenção de comprimidos de Beta-CD/paracetamol. O paracetamol foi utilizado como fármaco modelo por ser pouco solúvel em água. No primeiro processo, a dispersão líquida de Beta-CD/paracetamol foi incorporada ao amido de milho, celulose microcristalina ou lactose monoidratada e o material foi granulado e submetido à secagem em leito estático (estufa). No segundo processo, a dispersão líquida de Beta-CD/paracetamol foi incorporada ao amido de milho e o material submetido à secagem em leito fluidizado (leito de jorro). Os materiais obtidos em ambos os processos foram comprimidos. Comparando os três excipientes utilizados no primeiro processo, tanto o amido quanto celulose são os excipientes que possibilitariam a incorporação de quantidade maior de fármaco. Como resultados, os granulados obtidos a partir dos excipientes amido e celulose apresentaram boas características de escoamento e compressibilidade. O segundo processo, originou um material que apresentou boas características de compressibilidade e comprimidos que apresentaram as melhores características físicas durante o processo de compactação. Concluiu-se que ambos processos representam uma estratégia tecnologicamente viável para obtenção de comprimidos contendo Beta-CD.
Cyclodextrins (CDs) have been reported in a number of studies in the pharmaceutical field since it interact with many drugs to form water soluble inclusion complexes, thus improving not only the solubility but also the stability and biovailability of various drugs. In order to obtain Beta-CD tablets, liquid dispersions of drug/ Beta-CD are usually submitted to different drying process, like spray drying, freeze-drying or slow evaporation and further added to several excipients. In this work we evaluated different process for the preparation of Beta-CD/ acetaminophen tablets. Due to its low solubility, we have used acetaminophen as a drug model. In the first process, an aqueous Beta-CD/ acetaminophen dispersion were added to corn starch, microcrystalline cellulose or monohydrated lactose and the material was dried in a static bed. In the second process, an aqueous Beta-CD/acetaminophen dispersion were added to corn starch and further dried in a fluidized bed (spouted bed). As a result, in the first process the use of starch or cellulose led to mixtures with higher amount of drug with good flowability and compressibility, whereas the second process led to a mixture of good compressibility and to tablets that presented the best physical proprieties. In conclusion, both process represent viable technological approaches to obtain Beta-CD tablets.
Sicbaldi, Marcello. "Brain-Computer Interface per riabilitazione motoria e cognitiva." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18556/.
Full textRossi, Michele. "Interfacce cervello-computer: Stato dell'arte." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7560/.
Full textOliveira, Ivy dos Santos. "Integração do tratamento microbiológico com células imobilizadas e tecnologias emergentes (Processos Oxidativos Avançados) para o tratamento de efluentes gerados na indústria têxtil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-11022010-105753/.
Full textThe integration of different treatment processes in the degradation of textile wastewater was evaluated using precipitation technique, advanced oxidation processes (AOP) and aerobic biological treatment. AOPs (Ozone/UV and reagent of Fenton/UV) were evaluated in batch experiments according to a factorial planning L18 (Tagushi Method) in function of the flow of ozone, concentration of reagent Fenton, UV radiation, pH and temperature. In the microbiological treatment for continuous process, a reactor of bed fluidized was used with immobilized cells of zeolites some parameters were evaluated such as pre-treatment with AOPs, aeration flow, diluition rate. Satisfactory results were obtained with the physical-chemistry pre-treatment in the reduction of COD and TOC, however it generated an unnecessary amount of sludge. The integration activated sludge/Reagent Fenton was shown quite appropriate, mainly in the removal of the color and turbidity; the variety and frequency of the microorganisms observed during the biological monitorament were suitable with the systems of activated sludge operating efficiently and the use of zeolites as support was shown significant, reaching 63,3 % of immobilization of the microorganism in the support.
DEFANTI, SILVIO. "Caratterizzazione a fatica delle leghe AlSi7Mg, Ti6Al4V e X3NiCoMoTi prodotte mediante Laser Powder Bed Fusion." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1200756.
Full textIn the last years, Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) has become the main technology to produce metal parts by Additive Manufacturing (AM). This manufacturing technique comprises the advantages of additive manufacturing and the high performance offered by metal alloys in order to produce mechanical components ready for the final application. Occasionally, due to the layer-wise process, some defects can be produced inside the parts, leading to mechanical properties that are well above the requirements for static loads but rapidly decay under fatigue conditions. This concern leads the researchers to investigate the actual mechanical properties of parts, as compared to those of traditionally manufactured components, and to optimize the whole process in order to limit defects and increase the reliability of the process. While extensive static tests confirmed high mechanical properties of the main metal alloys produced by AM, the fatigue behavior of additive metal parts still needs to be deeply investigated. In this study, the fatigue and tensile properties of 3 metal alloys were analyzed, in view of 3 final applications, listed as follows. • Automotive field: Aluminum alloy AlSi7Mg was studied for the final production of a topologically optimized frame part of a sports car. In particular, the interest was focused on the effect of: - Heat treatment: no heat treatment vs. T6 vs. the heating cycle required for painting the body-in-white frame; - Surface finish: as-built vs. polished; - Orientation on the building platform. • Medical field: Titanium alloy Ti6Al4V was investigated for the production of femoral stems with improved osseointegration. The study on this material was focused on the effect of: - Powder contamination; - Different parameters/powder sets; - Surface finish: as-built vs. polished; - Orientation on the building platform. • Mold manufacturing field: the Maraging steel alloy X3NiCoMoTi was studied for the application in a mold insert with internal cooling channels. The main concern related to this application led to the study of the effect of: - Holes in the material, acting as stress concentrators; - Surface finish of the holes; - Different parameters/powder sets. This work aims to provide better understanding of the critical variables of the manufacturing process and the post-processing operations. This study was accomplished within the European Project DREAM (Driving Up Reliability of Additive Manufacturing)
Machado, Juliano Costa. "Pré-processamento, extração de características e classificação offline de sinais eletroencefalográficos para uso em sistemas BCI." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/101210.
Full textBrain Computer Interface (BCI) systems usage for controlling devices has increasingly generated research on EEG signals analysis, mainly because the technological development of data processing systems has been offering a new perspective on developing equipment to assist people with motor disability. This study aims to examine the behavior of both Fisher's Linear Discriminant (LDA) and Naive Bayes classifiers in determining both the right and left hand movement through electroencephalographic signals. To accomplish this, we considered as input feature the energy of the signal trials filtered by a band pass with sensorimotor rhythm frequencies; spectral power components from the Welch modified periodogram were also used. As a preprocessing form, the Common Spatial Pattern (CSP) filter was used to increase the discriminative activity between classes of movement. The database created from this study reached hit rates of up to 70% while the BCI Competition II reached hit rates up to 88%, which is consistent with the literature.
Perales, Lorente José Francisco. "Desulfuración de gas de síntesis a alta temperatura y presión por absorción en óxidos regenerables." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6424.
Full textEs una contribución al desarrollo de un nuevo método de purificación de gas de síntesis en plantas IGCC, que posibilita un incremento de la eficiencia energética de las plantas de obtención de energía, a partir de combustible fósil, y con ello reducir la emisión de gas de efecto invernadero a la atmósfera. Se estudia un proceso nuevo por absorción regenerativa en óxidos metálicos, capaz de eliminar los contaminantes del gas a alta temperatura, aprovechando con ello el contenido energético asociado al intervalo térmico, que los procesos actuales pierden en la purificación por vía húmeda. Se enumeran a continuación los objetivos concretos alcanzados, con las fases del trabajo desarrollado:
1- Estudio de la cinética de la reacción de purificación del gas de síntesis, siguiendo las reacciones de absorción no catalíticas, con deposición de sólido, realizando un estudio exhaustivo, para conseguir unos modelos de reacción gas-sólido que contemplen el mayor número de posibilidades. Se ha pretendido crear una herramienta de simulación con el menor número de restricciones a la hora de aplicarlo a cualquier reacción que involucre cambio en la estructura del sólido con la conversión del mismo, para de este modo no tener un modelo cautivo de un determinado tipo de sorbente.
2- Se han obtenido los parámetros cinéticos experimentalmente, mediante análisis termogravimétrico, aplicables a los modelos desarrollados, para el caso concreto del sorbente disponible.
3- Se han modelizado matemáticamente los posibles reactores que pueden emplearse en la eliminación del compuesto H2S de este gas de gasificación, especialmente los reactores de lecho fluidizado de burbujeo, ya que poseen muy buenas cualidades de homogeneidad de temperatura y concentraciones. Se ha realizado el estudio de sensibilidad a las variaciones de los parámetros de funcionamiento.
4- Se ha construido una planta experimental a pequeña escala que ha permitido probar el sorbente con garantías en los resultados, para lo que se la ha dotado de los elementos de control y análisis de gas necesarios.
5- Se han realizado un número de experimentos suficiente para estudiar el comportamiento del sorbente en estudio, y para la obtención de datos experimentales que han permitido la validación de los diferentes modelos desarrollados.
6- Se han obtenido las siguientes conclusiones resumidas:
6.1 Se ha obtenido la cinética propia de la reacción gas-sólido no catalítica del sistema estudiado, viendo la influencia de la composición del gas en la velocidad de reacción. La cinética de primer orden describe adecuadamente los procesos de absorción y regeneración, habiéndose obtenido los parámetros cinéticos correspondientes.
6.2 Utilizando los modelos cinéticos desarrollados se proponen los valores de las características estructurales que optimizarían el comportamiento del sólido, en cuanto a su capacidad de retención de contaminante sulfurado: Porosidad no superior al 30% y área superficial de alrededor de 25 m2/g (frente a los valores actuales del 50%y 8,93 m2/g).
6.3 El análisis termogravimétrico ha permitido identificar y cuantificar los valores de los diferentes parámetros que intervienen en la reacción gas-sólido: el coeficiente de reacción intrínseca superficial, la difusividad del gas en la capa de sólido formado, y el coeficiente de transferencia de masa gas-sólido. Asimismo las pruebas experimentales realizadas han puesto de manifiesto la influencia de la composición del gas en la cinética de reacción.
6.4 El equipo piloto de reacción experimental a pequeña escala, capaz de operar a alta temperatura y presión, ha permitido la validación de los modelos desarrollados del sistema de desulfurización, demostrándose que son una herramienta adecuada para su estudio, tanto para diseño, como en operación y control avanzado.
Como posible continuación se presentan las siguientes posibilidades en la tarea de modelización: Estudiar modelos más precisos basados en ecuaciones de continuidad multifásicas, para su aplicación en sistemas de computación de alto rendimiento, o bien desarrollar modelos basados en reglas lógicas. En cuanto al desarrollo del sorbente, se pone de manifiesto la necesidad de continuar en su desarrollo para alcanzar los valores de las características señaladas.
OF THE THESIS
This thesis is a contribution to the development of a new method of synthesis gas purification in IGCC plants, that make possible a further increase of the energy efficiency, and with this to reduce the emission of greenhouse gas to the atmosphere. It is studied a regenerative absorption in metallic oxides, capable of the elimination of the pollutants from the high-temperature gas, but taking advantage of the energy contents associated with the high temperature process streams, which is lost in the purification by wet route. The objectives and conclusions reached in the development of the thesis work are summarized below:
1- The study of the kinetics of the purification reactions of the synthesis gas, non catalytic absorption reactions, with solid deposition. An exhaustive study has been carried out, to obtain some gas-solid reaction models that envisage a great number of possibilities. It has been created a simulation tool with a reduced number of restrictions that makes possible its use with any reaction that involves changes in the structure of the solid thus ensuring generality and independence of a given type of sorbent.
2- The kinetic parameters have been obtained by thermogravimetric analysis for the concrete case of the available sorbent to be used in the testing of the developed models.
3- Appropriated type of reactors that can be employed in the elimination of the H2S compound of the gas contemplated have been identified and modeled. Special attention has been given to the bubbling fluidized bed reactors, since they possess very good properties of temperature and concentrations homogeneity. It has been accomplished the sensibility study to the variations of the operation parameters.
4- An experimental bubbling fluidized bed reactor plant at bench-scale has been built that has permitted to extract the data from the selected sorbent with guarantees in the results.
5- A sufficient number of experiments to study the behaviour of the selected sorbent under study have been accomplished successfully, and the experimental data obtained have permitted the validation of the different developed models.
6- The specific conclusions reached are:
6.1. The study of the no-catalytic gas-solid reaction of the system studied shows that kinetics of first order describe adequately the absorption and regeneration processes.
6.2. The accomplished experimental tests have shown the influence of the composition of the gas in the kinetics mechanism. The kinetic parameters are very dependent of the composition of the gas, not only of the reactive species, specially of the components that determine the reducing power.
6.3. The thermogravimetric analysis has permitted to identify the values of the different parameters that appear in the gas reaction-solid: the coefficient of superficial intrinsic reaction, the diffusivity of the gas in the formed solid layer, and the gas-solid mass transfer coefficient.
6.4. Using the developed kinetic models, the values of the structural characteristics that would optimise the behaviour of the solid are proposed, concerning its capacity of retention of sulfured pollutant: Porosity not superior to 30% and superficial area of about 25 m2 / g (as compared to the current values of the 50% and 8,93 m2 / g).
6.5. The experimental small scale BFB pilot plant, capable of operating at high-temperature and pressure, has permitted the validation of the developed models for the desulphurisation system.
The models developed have demonstrated that they are an adequate tool for the study, design, as well as the operation and advanced control of the system under study.
As possible continuation of this thesis work in the modelization task the following is indicated: To study more accurate models based on fundamental multiphasic continuity equations, or else to develop models based on logic rules. With respect to development of the sorbent, the need of continuing in its development to reach the values of the indicated characteristics is shown.
Martinelli, Leandro. ""Construção e desenvolvimento de um secador de leito pulso-fluidizado para secagem de pastas e polpas" /." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90760.
Full textAbstract: For this work, a pulse fluidized bed drier that used inert particles for drying pastes and fruit pulps was constructed and developed. The system allowed for the control of fluidized air flow and its temperature, the air pulses and the paste injection flow. The fluidization curves and minimum velocity of fluidization of glass and Teflon particles were determined in the pulse fluidized bed. Experiments to evaluate the agitation of particles were done to find the best agitation conditions, determining the existence or not of dead spots in the bed. It was seen that the particles belonged to D group, as per Geldart (1973) classification. Plaster paste was dried in the pulse fluidized dryer to evaluate the production of powder and hold-up of the spheres under different operational conditions which were variations of the periods of paste injection (active and inactive phase), angle of the butterfly valve which gave air access to the bed, air drying temperature, air speed and paste flow. All tested variables influenced the powder production and the amount of material adhered to inert particles. The pulse fluidized bed drier was also tested for drying lemon juice and paste, maltodextrina and tomato, showing adhesive problems and, with the lemons, an agglomeration of particles and a collapsed bed. The dryer was also used as a vibro fluidized bed when the pulsation system was turned off and a vibration system with eccentric axles was set in motion, it was seen that the vibro fluidized bed had a lower yield than the pulse fluidized bed. A spray drier was used to dry lemon juice with maltodextrina, and it was found that a minimum of 65% of additional maltodextrina was needed. Physic-chemical testes were done from the powders obtained from the spray drying. These testes were for humidity, flowability, degree of agglomeration, higroscopicity, dispersibility, color determination and water activity... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Javier Telis Romero
Coorientador: João Cláudio Thoméo
Banca: Luis Alexandre Pedro de Freitas
Banca: Maria Aparecida Mauro
Mestre
Petrovick, Gustavo Freire. "Desenvolvimento e avaliação tecnológica de granulado revestido contendo produto seco por spray drying de achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) D.C. asteraceae (marcela)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/10352.
Full textThe present work was designed to develop granules from Achyrocline satureioides spray dried powders in order to overcome the main technological limitations presented by this herbal raw material: high hygroscopy, low density, small particle diameter and flavonoid sensibility against light. Two methods were employed for granulation, fluidized bed and dry granulation. These methods presented, respectively, 15 and 60 % of process yield, leading to the selection of dry granulation for preparing the granules. By this method, the granules showed 0,3 to 1,9 mm particle mean diameter, rough surface and irregular morphology. For coating the granules, three types of polymers were employed, Eudragit® L30D, Opadry® II and Opadry® AMB, in fluidized bed. The first one resulted in atomizer obstruction becoming non viable its employment. The mean yield coating obtained with Opadry® II was 72 %. The Opadry® AMB was sprayed in low and high rates yielding, respectively, 75 % and 85 %. The hygroscopicity of the granules was evaluated in controlled conditions of 65 % or 99 % RH, comparing the behavior of the coated granules which that presented by non-coated particles. Both Opadry® coatings did not protect the granules against the humidity. The SEM photomicrographis of these granules revealed that both types of coating presented rough and porous surface explaining partially, at least, the lack of protection against the humidity. The preliminary photostability assay indicated, in a first view, that the coating promotes the flavonoid protection. The flavonoid release from the granules was performed in Desaga® flow cell from the non-coated granules and from Opadry® AMB coated granules. Water demonstrated not to be an appropriate media for both tested granules. In pH 1.2 media containing 1 % of sodium lauryl sulfate, the flavonoids quercetin, luteolin and 3-O-methylquercetin were, respectively, released, after 90 minutes, in 70 %, 83 % and 70 % from non coated granules and in 52 %, 54 % and 45 % from Opadry® AMB coated granules, denoting the influence of the coating on the flavonoid release profile. Taken together, the results of this first approach openmay perspectives for more detailed studies on Achyrocline satureioides granules from the corresponding spray dried powders.
RAPONE, MARCO. "Rivestimenti ceramici anticorrosivi." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/497.
Full textSurface engineering has the aim to improve the superficial characteristics of a material. The methods employed in order to modify the tribological and corrosion resistance characteristics are generally based on the deposition of a thin metallic, organic or inorganic layer depends on the ambient and the general condition in which the material operates (i.e. mechanical and thermal stress). The using of ceramic coatings is one of the most appreciated methodologies. There are several techniques of deposition such as PVD, CVD, Sol-Gel and Plasma Spray. In the present study the results of two different studies concerning ceramic coatings are showed: the first about Zirconia primer deposited by Sol-Gel and the second about Alumina coating deposited by Fluidized Bed. In the last years, the European Union promulgated directives concerning restrictions in the use of heavy metals such as chromium VI, lead, mercury and cadmium in vehicles and in electronic devices. In particular the limitations in the use of chromium VI, led a great demand in the corrosion protection field for new inhibitors and new coating formulations, characterised by low environmental impact, with the same corrosion prevention and protection properties. A suitable solution seems to be the use of inorganic primers based on silica, zirconia or titania, top-coated with different polymeric layers. This research presents the results of corrosion tests carried out on 1050 and 6060 aluminium sheets coated with zirconia primers, prepared by sol-gel route followed by a low temperature heat treatment. Primers obtained from both organic and inorganic precursors were tested. As a comparison, some cromate and fluotitanate primers industrially prepared have been also tested. Fluidized bed processing is a relatively novel method for coating metal substrates. In comparison to other deposition processes, the FB offers many advantage like the possibility to operate at low temperature, to deposit virtually any kind of powder material and the ability to cover complex shapes. Alumina coatings had been deposited on Al 6082 T6 using a novel technique based on a Fluidized Bed (FB). Processing times ranging from thirty minutes to four hours were chosen in order to comprehend the effect on the tribological and corrosion properties.
Godói, Antônio Carlos Bastos de. "Detecção de potenciais evocados P300 para ativação de uma interface cérebro-máquina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3142/tde-19112010-115232/.
Full textBrain-computer interfaces (BCIs) or Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) technology provide users with the ability to communicate and control their environment without employing normal output pathway of peripheral nerves and muscles. This technology can be especially valuable for highly paralyzed patients. This thesis reviews BMI research, techniques for preprocessing, feature extracting and classifying neurophysiological signals. In particular, emphasis will be given to Support-Vector Machine (SVM), a classification technique, which is based on structural risk minimization. Additionally, a case study will illustrate the working principles of a BMI which analyzes electroencephalographic signals in the time domain as means to decide which one of the six images shown on a computer screen the user chose. The images were selected according to a scenario where users can control six electrical appliances via a BMI system. This was done by exploiting the Support-Vector Machine ability to recognize a specific EEG pattern (the so-called P300). The study was conducted offline within the Matlab environment and used EEG datasets recorded from four disabled and four able-bodied subjects. A statistical survey of the results has shown that the good performance attained (80,73%) was due to signal averaging method, which enhanced EEG signal-to-noise ratio.
Martinelli, Leandro [UNESP]. "Construção e desenvolvimento de um secador de leito pulso-fluidizado para secagem de pastas e polpas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90760.
Full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Neste trabalho foi construído e desenvolvido um secador de leito pulso-fluidizado que utilizou partículas inertes para a secagem de pastas e polpas de frutas. O sistema permitia o controle da vazão do ar de fluidização e de sua temperatura, da pulsação do ar e da vazão de injeção de pasta. Foram determinadas as curvas de fluidização de partículas de vidro e teflon no leito pulso-fluidizado sob diferentes configurações, bem como suas velocidades de mínima fluidização, as quais demonstraram-se próximas às curvas de um secador fluidizado convencional. Experimentos para a avaliação da agitação das partículas foram realizados para que fossem encontradas as melhores condições, determinando-se a existência ou não de pontos mortos no leito. Foi visto que as partículas pertenciam ao grupo D, segundo a classificação de Geldart (1973). Pasta de gesso foi seca no secador pulso-fluidizado para avaliação da produção de pó e do hold-up das esferas nas diferentes condições de operação, as quais tiveram como variáveis os períodos de injeção (fase ativa e inativa), ângulo da válvula borboleta que dava acesso do ar ao leito, temperatura do ar de secagem, velocidade do ar e vazão de pasta no leito. Foi observado que todas as variáveis testadas apresentaram influência na produção de pó e na quantidade de material aderido às partículas inertes. O secador pulsofluidizado foi testado também na secagem de suco e pastas de limão, maltodextrina e tomate, mostrando problemas de adesividade e, no caso de derivados de limão, aglomeração das partículas e colapso do leito. O secador foi utilizado ainda como vibro-fluidizado, quando o sistema de pulsação foi desligado e um sistema de vibração por eixos excêntricos foi acionado, constatando-se que o mesmo apresentou rendimento inferior ao pulso-fluidizado. Um secador do tipo spray dryer foi usado para a secagem...
For this work, a pulse fluidized bed drier that used inert particles for drying pastes and fruit pulps was constructed and developed. The system allowed for the control of fluidized air flow and its temperature, the air pulses and the paste injection flow. The fluidization curves and minimum velocity of fluidization of glass and Teflon particles were determined in the pulse fluidized bed. Experiments to evaluate the agitation of particles were done to find the best agitation conditions, determining the existence or not of dead spots in the bed. It was seen that the particles belonged to D group, as per Geldart (1973) classification. Plaster paste was dried in the pulse fluidized dryer to evaluate the production of powder and hold-up of the spheres under different operational conditions which were variations of the periods of paste injection (active and inactive phase), angle of the butterfly valve which gave air access to the bed, air drying temperature, air speed and paste flow. All tested variables influenced the powder production and the amount of material adhered to inert particles. The pulse fluidized bed drier was also tested for drying lemon juice and paste, maltodextrina and tomato, showing adhesive problems and, with the lemons, an agglomeration of particles and a collapsed bed. The dryer was also used as a vibro fluidized bed when the pulsation system was turned off and a vibration system with eccentric axles was set in motion, it was seen that the vibro fluidized bed had a lower yield than the pulse fluidized bed. A spray drier was used to dry lemon juice with maltodextrina, and it was found that a minimum of 65% of additional maltodextrina was needed. Physic-chemical testes were done from the powders obtained from the spray drying. These testes were for humidity, flowability, degree of agglomeration, higroscopicity, dispersibility, color determination and water activity... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Silva, Junior José Inácio da. "Comparativo de desempenho de sistemas BCI-SSVEP off-line e em tempo de execução utilizando técnicas de estimação de espectro e análise de correlação canônica." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2017.
Find full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Biomédica, 2017.
Interfaces cérebro-computador (BCIs) definem canais de comunicação capazes de mapear sinais cerebrais em sinais de controle para dispositivos externos, sem utilização dos eferentes biológicos, utilizando comumente estratégias não invasivas para tanto, tal como obtido pela eletroencefalografia de superfície. Dentre os principais paradigmas BCI têm-se os potenciais visualmente evocados em regime estacionário (SSVEP - steady state visually evoked potential), o qual se baseia no sincronismo da atividade elétrica do córtex visual com estímulos visuais externos, permitindo assim a identificação dos eletrodos e frequências estimulatórias mais eficientes para a discriminação dos estímulos escolhidos pelo usuário via modulação da sua atenção. Tal paradigma de sistema BCI tem sido utilizado como uma importante estratégia no âmbito do desenvolvimento de tecnologias assistivas, as quais visam aumentar a qualidade de vida de pacientes com severas limitações motoras e de comunicação. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho apresenta contribuições à implementação de sistemas BCI-SSVEP operando de modo off-line e em tempo de execução (on-line). Para tanto, analisa-se aqui um conjunto de estruturas de processamento de sinais que levam ao melhor desempenho na tarefa de reconhecimento de padrões considerando técnicas clássicas de estimação de espectro e análise de correlação canônica (CCA - Canonical Correlation Analysis), um método comumente referenciado por seus bons resultados. Comparativos envolvendo variantes de pré-processamento baseados na filtragem espacial e na seleção de atributos também são apresentados. Dois conjuntos de dados foram analisados em ambiente off-line e um em tempo de execução. O primeiro conjunto de dados off-line foi analisado a partir da coleta de dados em cooperação científica no contexto do projeto DesTiNe, enquanto o segundo conjunto envolveu coleta de dados off-line e em tempo de execução no próprio laboratório de Métodos Computacionais para a Bioengenharia da UFABC. Como contribuições centrais podem-se mencionar: 1) comparativo de desempenho utilizando variantes de técnicas de filtragem espacial, extração e seleção de características em ambiente off-line; 2) implementação de um setup completo experimental para realização de experimentos BCI-SSVEP com neuro-feedback visual e auditivo; 3) Disponibilização de uma base de dados BCI-SSVEP contendo aquisições de 15 sujeitos com 12 sessões de 6 segundos para cada uma das 4 frequências (10, 11, 12 e 13 Hz), totalizando 48 sessões por sujeito, i.e. um total de 720 sessões de 6 s ou 4.320 s de dados disponibilizados para a comunidade científica; 4) Comparação de 3 métodos de extração de características em âmbito off-line (FFT, Welch e CCA); 5) Comparação de 2 métodos de extração de características em âmbito on-line, FFT e CCA; 6) Análise de desempenho on-line versus off-line.
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) define communication channels capable of mapping brain signals in control signals to external devices, without the use of biological efferents, using commonly non-invasive strategies for both, as obtained by surface electroencephalography. Among the main BCI paradigms are the steady state visually evoked potentials (SSVEP), which is based on the synchronization of the electrical activity of the visual cortex with external visual stimuli, thus allowing the identification of the electrodes and frequencies stimulus for discriminating the stimuli chosen by the user by modulating its attention. This BCI system paradigm has been widely used in the development of assistive technologies, which aim to increase the quality of life of patients with severe motor and communication limitations. In this context, this work presents contributions to the implementation of BCI-SSVEP systems operating offline and at run-time. To do so, we analyze here a set of signal processing structures that lead to the best pattern recognition performance considering classical techniques as spectrum estimation and Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA), a commonly cited method for its good results. Comparisons involving preprocessing variants based on spatial filtering and attribute selection are also presented. Two sets of data were analyzed in an offline environment and one at run time. The first set of off-line data was analyzed from data collection in scientific cooperation in the context of DesTiNe project, while the second set involved off-line and run time data analysis in the Laboratory of Computational Methods for Bioengineering at UFABC. As central contributions may be mentioned: 1) comparative performance using variants of techniques of spatial filtering, feature extraction and feature selection in an offline environment; 2) implementation of a complete experimental setup to perform BCI-SSVEP experiments with visual and auditory neuro-feedback; 3) Availability of a BCI-SSVEP database containing acquisitions of 15 subjects with 12 sessions of 6 seconds for each of the 4 frequencies (10, 11, 12 and 13 Hz), totaling 48 sessions per subject, ie a total of 720 sessions of 6 s or 4,320 s of data made available to the scientific community; 4) Comparison of 3 methods of feature extraction in off-line environment (FFT, Welch and CCA); 5) Comparison of 2 methods of feature extraction in online scope, FFT and CCA; 6) Analysis of performance online versus offline.
Marinho, Eberton da Silva. "An?lise estat?stica do m?todo compressive sensing aplicado a dados s?smicos." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM CI?NCIA E ENGENHARIA DE PETR?LEO, 2016. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/22226.
Full textApproved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-13T21:12:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 EbertonDaSilvaMarinho_TESE.pdf: 27289302 bytes, checksum: afbb77aed251ffa31c13cdae992f063a (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-13T21:12:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EbertonDaSilvaMarinho_TESE.pdf: 27289302 bytes, checksum: afbb77aed251ffa31c13cdae992f063a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-22
O Compressive Sensing (CS) ? uma t?cnica de processamento de dados eficiente na recupera??o e constru??o de sinais a partir de uma taxa de amostragem menor que a requerida pelo teorema de Shannon-Nyquist. Esta t?cnica permite uma grande redu??o de dados para sinais que podem ser esparsamente representados. A Transformada Wavelet tem sido utilizada para comprimir e representar muitos sinais naturais, incluindo s?smicos, de uma forma esparsa. H? diversos algoritmos de reconstru??o de sinais que utilizam a t?cnica de CS, como por exemplo: o $\ell_1$-MAGIC, o Fast Bayesian Compressive Sensing (Fast BCS) e o Stagewise Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (StOMP). Esta tese compara a recupera??o de tra?os s?smicos sob uma perspectiva estat?stica usando diferentes m?todos do CS, transformadas wavelets e taxas de amostragens. Mediu-se a correla??o entre o Erro Relativo (ER) de recupera??o pelo CS e as medi??es: coeficiente de varia??o, assimetria, curtose e entropia do sinal original. Parece haver uma correla??o entre a curtose e entropia do sinal com o ER de reconstru??o pelo CS. Ademais, foi analizado a distribui??o do ER no CS. O $\ell_1$-MAGIC teve melhores resultados para taxas de amostragens at? 40%. Al?m disso, a distribui??o do ER no $\ell_1$-MAGIC teve mais histogramas normais, sim?tricos e mesoc?rticos que no Fast BCS. Entretanto, para taxas de amostragem acima de 50%, o Fast BCS mostrou um melhor desempenho em rela??o ? m?dia do ER.
Mezohegyi, Gergo. "Catalytic azo dye reduction in advanced anaerobic bioreactors." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8593.
Full textIn an anaerobic upflow packed-bed reactor with biological activated carbon (AC), high azo dye Acid Orange 7 conversion rates were achieved during very short space times up to 99% in 2.0 min. Both electron conductivity and specific surface area of AC contributed to higher reduction rates. The application of stirring in the carbon bed resulted in an increase of dye bioconversion. A decolourisation model was developed involving both heterogeneous catalysis and bioreduction. The anaerobic biodegradability of an azo dye could be predicted by its reduction potential in the stirred reactor system. The decolourisation rates were found to be significantly influenced by the textural properties of AC and moderately affected by its surface chemistry. This catalytic bioreactor system seems to be an attractive alternative for economically improving textile/dye wastewater technologies.
Guaitolini, Maxwel. "Estudo da queima do lodo secundário da indústria de celulose em caldeira de leito fluidizado." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2014. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5944.
Full textThe lack of physical space to lay out waste generated by the process is one of the major is a residue derived from pulping, bleaching of cellulosic fibers, and papermaking process; originally having the composting practice as final disposition method. High financial resources are involved to this disposition practice, including sludge transporting costs to a suitable place. Thus, the objective of this work is to provide technical support for burning a waste generated by the pulp and papermaking process at Fibria-MS, the secondary sludge from effluent treatment station, in a high pressure steam generation fluidized bed boiler. In this study, the burst test of a biomass mixture and biological sludge in a fluidized bed boiler presented the following trends, when compared to a control period (burning biomass only): reduction of dry sample content; reduction of the calorific value as such; maintenance of the value of calorific value for the dry sample; increased boiler air flow; reduction of the recirculated air flow in the boiler; bed temperature maintenance, however with greater data variability; increase in particulate matter and TRS emissions of the boiler, yet, showing acceptable values, according to Conama resolution. It was possible to conclude that the burning of treatment station biological sludge in fluidized bed boiler presents itself as an attractive practice to the pulp and paper industry, contributing to reduced occupancy of the landfill.
O setor de Celulose e Papel está em claro processo de expansão, crescimento este ocasionado pela criação de novas unidades fabris bem como pelo aumento de produção das unidades já existentes. No caso do aumento de produção em unidades já existentes, a falta de espaço físico para dispor os resíduos gerados pelo processo é um dos grandes problemas dessa indústria. Dentre os vários tipos de resíduos gerados, destaca-seo lodo biológico da estação de tratamento de efluentes, o qual é um resíduo derivado dos processos de polpação e branqueamento das fibras celulósicas e dos processos de refino e formação da folha de papel, tendo, originalmente, a prática de compostagem para sua disposição final. Para este tipo de disposição final, incluindo os custos de transporte do lodo até o local adequado, recursos financeiros elevados estão envolvidos. Desse modo, o objetivo deste trabalho é fornecer subsídios técnicos para queima de um resíduo gerado no processo de fabricação de papel e celulose da indústria Fibria-MS, o lodo secundário da estação de tratamento de efluentes, em uma caldeira de leito fluidizado de geração de vapor de alta pressão. No presente trabalho, o teste da queima de uma mistura de biomassa e lodo biológico em uma caldeira de leito fluidizado apresentou as seguintes tendências, quando comparado a um período controle (queima apenas de biomassa): redução do teor seco da amostra; redução do valor do poder calorífico tal qual; manutenção do valor de poder calorífico para a amostra seca; aumento da vazão de ar primário da caldeira; redução da vazão de ar recirculado na caldeira; manutenção da temperatura do leito, porém com maior variabilidade dos dados; aumento das emissões de material particulado e TRS da caldeira, entretanto, apresentando valores aceitáveis, segundo resolução do Conama. Foi possível concluir que a queima de lodo biológico da estação de tratamento em caldeira de leito fluidizado apresenta-se como uma prática atrativa à indústria de Celulose e Papel, contribuindo para a redução de ocupação do aterro sanitário.
Zabot, Giovani Leone 1988. "Obtaining bioactive compounds from clove and rosemary using supercritical technology: influence of the bed geometry, process intensification and cost of manufacturing of extracts = Obtenção de compostos bioativos de cravo-da-índia e alecrim utilizando tecnologia supercrítica: influência da geometria do leito, intensificação de processos de extração e custo de manufatura dos extratos." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254901.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T17:00:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zabot_GiovaniLeone_D.pdf: 24740321 bytes, checksum: 93e515a410574c1037b0a53340db63d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
Resumo: Substâncias naturais extraídas de plantas têm propriedades funcionais que as tornam preferíveis em relação às substâncias sintéticas, havendo grande interesse para aplicação farmacológica e na elaboração de bioprodutos. Técnicas de extração, como a que utiliza fluidos supercríticos, vêm se destacando por proporcionarem a obtenção seletiva de compostos bioativos com elevada qualidade. No campo da tecnologia supercrítica, pesquisas são desenvolvidas para aumentar o rendimento de extração através da alteração de condições de processo, como pressão e temperatura. No entanto, há a necessidade de discriminar mais a influência tecno-econômica de outras variáveis, como a geometria do leito de extração. Em vista disso, realizou-se a avaliação técnica da extração com CO2 supercrítico de compostos bioativos de cravo-da-índia e alecrim em uma unidade de extração laboratorial constituída por dois extratores de 1 L com diferentes razões de altura do leito (HB) pelo diâmetro (DB), sendo para o extrator 1 (E-1) a razão de 7,1 e para o extrator 2 (E-2) a razão de 2,7. Dois critérios utilizados para mudança de geometria e aumento de escala foram aplicados, consistindo em: (1) manutenção da velocidade intersticial do solvente igual em ambas as geometrias; e (2) manutenção da razão de massa de solvente por massa de matéria-prima (S/F) igual em ambas as geometrias para um determinado tempo de processo. De acordo com os resultados cinéticos de rendimento de extrato e composição química, o critério (1) não se mostrou indicado para ser aplicado em processos de extração com fluidos supercríticos (SFE) de compostos de cravo-da-índia. O critério (2) mostrou-se apropriado para a obtenção de óleo volátil de cravo-da-índia, pois houve igualdade nos perfis das curvas de extração em E-1 e E-2, avaliados em termos de parâmetros cinéticos como taxa de transferência de massa, duração dos períodos de taxa constante de extração (CER) e taxa decrescente de extração (FER), rendimento de extrato e razão mássica de soluto no solvente. No entanto, o critério (2) não se mostrou adequado para a obtenção de compostos bioativos de alecrim, sendo que o leito de extração E-2 proporcionou rendimentos até 86 % maiores em relação ao E-1, sendo a diferença mais notória no final do período FER. Houve diferença também no custo de manufatura (COM) dos extratos de alecrim simulado pelo SuperPro Designer 8.5®, sendo 23 % menor em E-2 do que em E-1 para uma planta industrial com 2 extratores de 100 L. Com relação ao alecrim, terpenoides majoritários como 1,8-cineol e cânfora foram extraídos com CO2 supercrítico. No entanto, alguns compostos fenólicos foram extraídos em pequena quantidade (ácido carnósico) ou nem foram extraídos via SFE (ácido rosmarínico). Logo, o conceito de intensificação de processos foi utilizado para facilitar a extração das duas frações presentes em alecrim. O processo consistiu em extrair inicialmente a fração rica em terpenoides com CO2 supercrítico (SFE-CO2) e logo após, no mesmo equipamento e sem desempacotar o leito, a fração rica em terpenos fenólicos foi extraída com água líquida pressurizada (PWE). Com isso, aproximadamente 2,5 % (m/m, base seca) de óleo volátil contendo terpenoides e 18,6 % (m/m, base seca) de extrato não-volátil contendo terpenos fenólicos foram obtidos em frações separadas. Um método analítico para quantificação de terpenos fenólicos por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foi desenvolvido e validado, com tempo total de análise de apenas 10 min. O custo operacional anual de uma planta produtiva instalada no Brasil com 2 extratores de 100 L foi simulado para os processos SFE-CO2 + PWE para obtenção de compostos de alecrim. O aproveitamento maior da matriz vegetal para a obtenção diversificada de compostos bioativos permitiu a redução em 28 % dos custos anuais de produção em relação ao processo SFE-CO2
Abstract: Natural substances extracted from plants present functional properties which are preferable against the synthetic ones, being useful in formulating bioproducts and in the pharmaceutical area. Novel extraction techniques, as the use of supercritical fluids, are acquiring notoriety by providing the selective extraction of bioactive compounds with high quality. In the supercritical technology field, researches are performed to increase the extraction yield by changing process conditions (i.e., pressure, temperature). However, there is a need for further techno-economic discriminations about the influence of other variables, as the bed geometry. Thus, we performed the evaluation of the supercritical CO2 extraction of clove and rosemary bioactive compounds using a laboratory equipment containing two extractors of 1 L with different height (HB) to bed diameter (DB) ratios. Bed 1 (E-1) and 2 (E-2) present HB/DB ratios of 7.1 and 2.7, respectively. Two criteria used for geometry shift and scale up were applied: (1) maintaining the solvent interstitial velocity equal in both bed geometries; and (2) maintaining the solvent mass to feed mass (S/F) ratio equal in both bed geometries for a fixed processing time. According to the kinetic results of extraction yields and chemical composition, the criterion (1) is not indicated for supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of rosemary compounds. Criterion (2) is suitable for obtaining clove extract, because the extraction curves profiles were similar in E-1 and E-2. We evaluated the extraction curves in relationship to kinetic parameters as mass transfer rate, duration of constant extraction rate (CER) and falling extraction rate (FER) periods, extraction yield and mass ratio of solute in the fluid phase. However, criterion (2) is inappropriate for obtaining rosemary bioactive compounds. E-2 provided extraction yields up to 86% higher than E-1. The difference was more pronounced in the end of FER period. We observed differences on the cost of manufacturing (COM) of rosemary extracts simulated by SuperPro Designer 8.5®. COM¿s were 23% lower in E-2 than in E-1 for an industrial plant of 2 extractors of 100 L. With respect to rosemary, major terpenoids as 1,8-cineole and camphor were extracted with supercritical CO2, while some phenolic compounds were low (carnosic acid) or no extracted (rosmarinic acid) using SFE. Thus, process intensification concept was used for becoming possible the extraction of two fractions of bioactive compounds found in rosemary. The procedure comprised the initial extraction of the terpenoids-rich fraction with supercritical CO2 (SFE-CO2) and, thereafter, in the same equipment without unloading the bed, performing the extraction of the polyphenols-rich fraction with pressurized water (PWE). Approximately 2.5 wt.% (dry basis) of volatile oil containing terpenoids and 18.6 wt.% (dry basis) of non-volatile extract containing phenolic terpenes were obtained in separated fractions. We developed and validated an analytical method for quantifying phenolic terpenes by high performance liquid chromatography, presenting a total time of analysis of 10 min. Also, we simulated the annual operating cost of a plant installed in Brazil containing 2 vessels of 100 L applying SFE-CO2 + PWE processes for obtaining rosemary compounds. The higher use of the vegetal matrix for diversifying the extraction of bioactive compounds enabled 28% reduction in the annual production costs whether compared to SFE-CO2 process alone
Doutorado
Engenharia de Alimentos
Doutor em Engenharia de Alimentos
Oliveira, João Guilherme Baggio de. "REATOR DE LEITO ESTRUTURADO COM AERAÇÃO INTERMITENTE PARA TRATAMENTO COMBINADO DE ESGOTO SANITÁRIO E PÓS TRATAMENTO DE EFLUENTE DE RALF." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2016. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/657.
Full textFundação Araucária de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Paraná
The dumping of untreated effluents into water bodies can cause serious damage to the environment. Eutrophication, a phenomenon caused by the release of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, is one of those damages. Their occurrence promotes excessive growth of algae, decreased dissolved oxygen concentration. The conventional nitrogen removal processes employ two stages physically separated to nitrification and denitrification, which increases construction costs and operation of the process. Research has shown that some reactors models are efficient for simultaneous removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (NT). In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate a bed reactor structured with intermittent aeration in the removal of COD and NT sewage untreated combined with effluent RALF. Worked with hydraulic retention time (HRT) fixed in 12 hours and recirculation flow (Qr) of the effluent 3, 2 and 1 to the input flow. Worked up with three times aeration: 33%, 50% and 100% of the time. The affluent used was composed of a fraction of 50% of sewage untreated and 50% of effluent from a reactor Anaerobic Fluidized Bed (RALF). The results indicated that there was no statistical difference between the COD removal rates, regardless of the value of Qr and the reactor aeration time. The COD value obtained for the reactor effluent ranged between 27 and 68 mg.L-1. Values of Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) affluent ranged between 40 and 52 mg L-1. Obtained removal rate NT of 50 to 78%, effluent generated treated with N-NH4+ content between 0.7 and 7.1 mg.L-1. We observed the occurrence of nitrification and denitrification Simultaneous (NDS) as oxidized forms were detected (nitrite and nitrate) and reduced (N -NH4) nitrogen at all stages studied. It was concluded that the bed reactor structured with intermittent aeration is effective in joint COD removal and sewage nitrogen
O despejo de efluentes não tratados em corpos d’água pode causar sérios danos ao meio ambiente. A eutrofização, fenômeno causado pelo lançamento de nutrientes como o nitrogênio e fósforo, é um desses danos. A sua ocorrência promove o crescimento exagerado de algas, diminuição da concentração de oxigênio dissolvido. Os processos convencionais de remoção de nitrogênio utilizam duas etapas fisicamente separadas para a nitrificação e desnitrificação, o que aumenta custos com construção e operação do processo. Pesquisas têm mostrado que alguns modelos de reatores são eficientes para remoção concomitante de Demanda Química de Oxigênio (DQO) e nitrogênio total (NT). Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar um reator de leito estruturado com aeração intermitente na remoção de DQO e NT de esgoto sanitário não tratado combinado com efluente de RALF. Trabalhou-se com Tempo de Detenção Hidráulica (TDH) fixo em 12 horas evazão de recirculação (Qr) do efluente de 3, 2 e 1 vez a vazão de entrada. Trabalhou-se com três tempos de aeração: 33%, 50% e 100% do tempo.O afluente utilizado foi composto por uma fração de 50% de esgoto sanitário não tratado e 50% de efluente de um Reator Anaeróbio de Leito Fluidizado (RALF). Os resultados indicaram que não houve diferença estatística entre as taxas de remoção de DQO, independentemente de Qr e tempo de aeração do reator. Os valores de DQO obtidos para o efluente do reator variaram entre 27 e 68 mg.L-1. Os valores de Nitrogênio Total Kjeldahl (NTK) afluente variaram entre 40 e 52 mg.L-1. Obteve-se taxas de remoção de NT de 50 a 78%, geraram efluente tratado com teor de N-NH4+ entre 0,7 e 7,1 mg.L-1. Observou-se a ocorrência de Nitrificação e Desnitrificação Simultâneas (NDS), pois foram detectadas formas oxidadas (nitrito e nitrato) e reduzidas (N-NH4+) de nitrogênio em todas as fases estudadas. Foi possível concluir que o reator de leito estruturado com aeração intermitente é eficiente na remoção conjunta de DQO e nitrogênio de esgoto doméstico.
Lepe, Aldama Oscar Iván. "Modeling TCP/IP software implementation performance and its application for software routers." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5975.
Full textLa presente tesis aporta una caracterización detallada de la ejecución de la realización software de los mencionados protocolos sobre un computador personal y bajo un sistema operativo UNIX. Esta caracterización muestra cómo varía el rendimiento del sistema en función de la velocidad de operación de la CPU, las características del subsistema de memoria, el tamaño de los paquetes y otras variables de importancia para la remisión, autenticación y cifrado de paquetes IP.
En otros trabajos se proponen adecuaciones o extensiones a la realización software de los mencionados protocolos que permiten que un software router provea de comunicaciones con diversos niveles asegurados de calidad mediante el uso de mecanismos de planificación para la unidad central de procesamiento. Sin embargo, en dichos trabajos no se contempla la planificación del uso del bus de entrada/salida.
Los resultados derivados de nuestro modelo demuestran que, para sistemas que usan CPUs con frecuencias de reloj superiores a 1 GHz, la planificación conjunta de la CPU y el bus de entrada salida es indispensable para la provisión de comunicaciones con diversos niveles asegurados de calidad. Dichas frecuencias de reloj son comunes en los sistemas comerciales actuales, por lo que consideramos que es un problema de gran interés. En la tesis proponemos un mecanismo que consigue garantías de utilización del bus de entrada/salida mediante la modificación de los drivers de los interfaces de red.
Three are the main contributions of this work. In no particular order:
" A detailed performance study of the software implementation of the TCP/IP protocols suite, when executed as part of the kernel of a BSD operating system over generic PC hardware.
" A validated queuing network model of the studied system, solved by computer simulation.
" An I/O bus utilization guard mechanism for improving the performance of software routers supporting QoS mechanisms and built upon PC hardware and software.
This document presents our experiences building a performance model of a PC-based software router. The resulting model is an open multiclass priority network of queues that we solved by simulation. While the model is not particularly novel from the system modeling point of view, in our opinion, it is an interesting result to show that such a model can estimate, with high accuracy, not just average performance-numbers but the complete probability distribution function of packet latency, allowing performance analysis at several levels of detail. The validity and accuracy of the multiclass model has been established by contrasting its packet latency predictions in both, time and probability spaces. Moreover, we introduced into the validation analysis the predictions of a router's single queue model. We did this for quantitatively assessing the advantages of the more complex multiclass model with respect to the simpler and widely used but not so accurate, as here shown, single queue model, under the considered scenario that the router's CPU is the system bottleneck and not the communications links. The single queue model was also solved by simulation.
Besides, this document addresses the problem of resource sharing in PC-based software routers supporting QoS mechanisms. Others have put forward solutions that are focused on suitably distributing the workload of the CPU-see this chapter's section on "related work". However, the increase in CPU speed in relation to that of the I/O bus-as here shown-means attention must be paid to the effect the limitations imposed by this bus on the system's overall performance. We propose a mechanism that jointly controls both I/O bus and CPU operation. This mechanism involves changes to the operating system kernel code and assumes the existence of certain network interface card's functions, although it does not require changes to the PC hardware. A performance study is shown that provides insight into the problem and helps to evaluate both the effectiveness of our approach, and several software router design trade-offs.
Araujo, Juliana Aragao de. "Modelagem matem?tica para o transporte de part?culas sujeitas a m?ltiplos mecanismos de reten??o." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13034.
Full textDiscrepancies between classical model predictions and experimental data for deep bed filtration have been reported by various authors. In order to understand these discrepancies, an analytic continuum model for deep bed filtration is proposed. In this model, a filter coefficient is attributed to each distinct retention mechanism (straining, diffusion, gravity interception, etc.). It was shown that these coefficients generally cannot be merged into an effective filter coefficient, as considered in the classical model. Furthermore, the derived analytic solutions for the proposed model were applied for fitting experimental data, and a very good agreement between experimental data and proposed model predictions were obtained. Comparison of the obtained results with empirical correlations allowed identifying the dominant retention mechanisms. In addition, it was shown that the larger the ratio of particle to pore sizes, the more intensive the straining mechanism and the larger the discrepancies between experimental data and classical model predictions. The classical model and proposed model were compared via statistical analysis. The obtained p values allow concluding that the proposed model should be preferred especially when straining plays an important role. In addition, deep bed filtration with finite retention capacity was studied. This work also involves the study of filtration of particles through porous media with a finite capacity of filtration. It was observed, in this case, that is necessary to consider changes in the boundary conditions through time evolution. It was obtained a solution for such a model using different functions of filtration coefficients. Besides that, it was shown how to build a solution for any filtration coefficient. It was seen that, even considering the same filtration coefficient, the classic model and the one here propposed, show different predictions for the concentration of particles retained in the porous media and for the suspended particles at the exit of the media
Discrep?ncias encontradas entre dados experimentais e previs?es feitas a partir do modelo cl?ssico foram relatadas por v?rios autores. Para entender essas discrep?ncias, um modelo anal?tico cont?nuo para a filtra??o profunda ? proposto. Neste modelo, cada mecanismo de reten??o est? associado a um coeficiente de filtra??o diferente. Foi mostrado que os coeficientes de filtra??o n?o podem ser somados e considerados em um ?nico coeficiente de filtra??o global como se apenas um mecanismo de reten??o atuasse no sistema, o que ? feito no modelo cl?ssico. Al?m disso, foram obtidas solu??es expl?citas para o sistema de equa??es que representam o modelo proposto. Tais solu??es foram usadas para ajustar os dados experimentais, e um bom ajuste foi obtido. Comparando os resultados obtidos com rela??es emp?ricas dispon?veis na literatura foi poss?vel identificar o mecanismo de reten??o mais atuante na filtra??o. Foi mostrado ainda, que quanto maior o tamanho das part?culas injetadas, mais atuante ? o mecanismo de exclus?o pelo tamanho e maiores as discrep?ncias entre o modelo proposto e o modelo cl?ssico. Os modelos cl?ssico e proposto foram comparados atrav?s de uma an?lise estat?stica. Tal an?lise mostrou que os ajustes feitos com o modelo proposto s?o significativamente melhores que os ajustes feitos com o modelo cl?ssico, principalmente quando o mecanismo de exclus?o pelo tamanho ? o mais atuante na filtra??o. Neste trabalho foi, tamb?m, estudado a filtra??o de part?culas em meio poroso com capacidade finita de filtra??o. Observou-se, neste caso, que ? necess?rio considerar mudan?as nas condi??es de fronteira com a evolu??o do tempo. Foi obtida a solu??o para tal modelo para diferentes fun??es de coeficiente de filtra??o. Al?m disso, foi mostrado como construir a solu??o para um coeficiente de filtra??o qualquer. Observou-se que, ainda que se considere o mesmo coeficiente de filtra??o, o modelo cl?ssico e o modelo proposto apresentam previs?es distintas para as concentra??es de part?culas retidas no meio e de part?culas em suspens?o na sa?da do meio
Catelam, Kelly Tafari. "Estudo da influência da proporção de um "mix" leite/popa da marcacujá na produção de pó obtido por três diferentes tipos de secagem /." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90758.
Full textAbstract: The aim of this research was to study the influence of different drying methods (pulsed fluid bed dryer, spray dryer and freeze dryer) of passion fruit pulp in the quality of final powder product. All these processes have the purpose to obtain a powder product, showing advantages and disadvantages in terms of handmade and costs. Nonetheless, the literature has a few studies related to comparison between these processes, focusing final product quality. Skim milk was utilized to evaluate its efficiency on partial substitution of additives commonly used in this kind of processes like maltodextrin and Arabic gum, which have the function of minimizing technologies difficulties in drying fruit juices and other products with high quantity of sugar due to hygroscopicity and termoplasticity in high temperatures and humidity. Initially, physicochemical analysis of passion fruit pulp and skim milk showed values close to those described by literature, with little differences due to passion fruit varieties used, time and place of culture. For skim milk the differences can be explain due to existence of a lot of commercial marks. Drying of passion fruit pulp without additives in many operations conditions had a small yield, becoming process impracticable in these conditions. It was obtained powdered passion fruit and additives in spray dryer. Using maltodextrin the greater yield (23.32%) was obtained for 1:4:4 ratio (passion fruit pulp:maltodextrin:skim milk) that is 50% of solids from additives substituted by skim milk. To Arabic gum the best results (21.96%) was obtained to 1:2:6 (passion fruit pulp:Arabic gum:skim milk) with 75% of solids from additives substituted by skim milk. The total substitution of additives (maltodextrin or Arabic gum) by skim milk also showed good results (15.5%). These better yield were obtained in 120°C and feed flow 0.4 l/h considering ratio of pulp... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Javier Telis Romero
Coorientador: Carmen Sílvia Fávaro Trindade
Banca: João Borges LAurindo
Banca: Célia Maria Landi Franco
Mestre
Catelam, Kelly Tafari [UNESP]. "Estudo da influência da proporção de um mix leite/polpa de maracujá na produção de pó obtido por três diferentes métodos de secagem." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90758.
Full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Este projeto teve como objetivo estudar a influência de diferentes processos de desidratação (secagem em leito pulso-fluidizado, atomizador – “spray dryer” e em liofilizador) de polpa de maracujá na qualidade do produto final em pó. Todos estes processos visam à obtenção do produto em pó, apresentando vantagens e desvantagens em nível de manuseio e custos. Entretanto, são escassos na literatura estudos que comparem estes processos com foco na qualidade do produto final. O leite desnatado foi utilizado para avaliar sua eficiência na substituição de parte dos aditivos comumente utilizados na produção deste tipo de produto, como, por exemplo, a maltodextrina e a goma Arábica, os quais têm como função a diminuição das dificuldades tecnológicas encontradas na secagem de sucos de frutas e outros produtos com alta quantidade de açúcar devido à higroscopicidade, termoplasticidade e capacidade de caramelização. Inicialmente, realizaram-se as análises físico-químicas da polpa de maracujá e do leite desnatado, onde foram obtidos resultados muito próximos aos da literatura, sendo que as pequenas diferenças obtidas foram atribuídas à variedade do maracujá utilizado, época e local de cultivo e no caso do leite em pó desnatado, devido provavelmente às diferentes marcas comerciais analisadas na literatura. A secagem da polpa de maracujá sem aditivos, em diversas condições operacionais, levou a um rendimento praticamente nulo, fazendo com que o processo fosse considerado inviável nestas condições. Conseguiu-se obter o pó com a polpa de maracujá e os aditivos no secador por atomização (“spray dryer”). Utilizando a maltodextrina como aditivo, o maior rendimento (23.32%) obtido foi para a proporção de 1:4:4 (polpa de maracujá:maltodextrina:leite desnatado) ou seja, 50% dos sólidos de aditivo substituído por leite desnatado...
The aim of this research was to study the influence of different drying methods (pulsed fluid bed dryer, spray dryer and freeze dryer) of passion fruit pulp in the quality of final powder product. All these processes have the purpose to obtain a powder product, showing advantages and disadvantages in terms of handmade and costs. Nonetheless, the literature has a few studies related to comparison between these processes, focusing final product quality. Skim milk was utilized to evaluate its efficiency on partial substitution of additives commonly used in this kind of processes like maltodextrin and Arabic gum, which have the function of minimizing technologies difficulties in drying fruit juices and other products with high quantity of sugar due to hygroscopicity and termoplasticity in high temperatures and humidity. Initially, physicochemical analysis of passion fruit pulp and skim milk showed values close to those described by literature, with little differences due to passion fruit varieties used, time and place of culture. For skim milk the differences can be explain due to existence of a lot of commercial marks. Drying of passion fruit pulp without additives in many operations conditions had a small yield, becoming process impracticable in these conditions. It was obtained powdered passion fruit and additives in spray dryer. Using maltodextrin the greater yield (23.32%) was obtained for 1:4:4 ratio (passion fruit pulp:maltodextrin:skim milk) that is 50% of solids from additives substituted by skim milk. To Arabic gum the best results (21.96%) was obtained to 1:2:6 (passion fruit pulp:Arabic gum:skim milk) with 75% of solids from additives substituted by skim milk. The total substitution of additives (maltodextrin or Arabic gum) by skim milk also showed good results (15.5%). These better yield were obtained in 120°C and feed flow 0.4 l/h considering ratio of pulp... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Pedro, Maria Angélica Marques. "Influência de encapsulantes e do método de secagem nas propriedades físico-químicas e atributos de qualidade de polpa de maracujá (Passifora edulis f. flavicarpa) /." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101967.
Full textBanca: Caciano Pelayo Zapata Noreña
Banca: Joel Fernando Nicoleti
Banca: José Francisco Lopes Filho
Banca: José Antônio Gomes Vieira
Resumo: Os objetivos deste trabalho foram analisar a influência do tipo e da quantidade de aditivos, além de diferentes métodos de secagem da polpa de maracujá em pó, nas isotermas, propriedades termodinâmicas de sorção e nos atributos de qualidade do produto obtido. No capítulo 1 descreve-se o efeito de diferentes aditivos - maltodextrina DE 10 e goma arábica - sobre as isotermas de sorção nas temperaturas de 20, 30, 40 e 50 ºC de polpa de maracujá em pó obtida por secagem a vácuo. O modelo de GAB se ajustou aos dados de sorção. As isotermas apresentaram comportamento da curva do tipo II, na classificação de Brunauer. Observou-se que a adição de maltodextrina DE 10 e de goma arábica à polpa de maracujá desidratada reduziu a umidade de equilíbrio em relação à umidade da polpa pura e não houve diferença considerável entre as umidades de equilíbrio das amostras da polpa com 18% de goma arábica e polpa com 18% ou 55% de maltodextrina. O aumento da concentração da maltodextrina não teve influência sobre os valores de umidade de equilíbrio. O calor isostérico de sorção da polpa em pó aumentou com o decréscimo da umidade, ao mesmo tempo em que apresentou menores valores para a polpa em pó com aditivos do que os observados para a polpa pura. Através da teoria da compensação isocinética, pode-se concluir que o processo de sorção de água pela polpa de maracujá em pó é um processo espontâneo e controlado pela entalpia para todas as amostras testadas. No capítulo 2 foi analisada a influência de três métodos de secagem: em estufa a vácuo (60 ºC), spray drying (140 ºC) e liofilização sobre as isotermas da polpa de maracujá em pó com 55% de maltodextrina DE 10. O pó produzido em spray dryer apresentou maior capacidade de sorção em relação aos pós desidratados em estufa a vácuo e em liofilizador. No capítulo 3 foi avaliada a influência... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The objectives of this work were to analyze the influence of type and quantity of additives, in addition to different drying methods, on the production of powdered passion fruit pulp, on its water sorption isotherms and on its themodynamical properties, as well as evaluating the quality attributes of the obtained product. Chapter 1 describes the effect of different additives - maltodextrin DE 10 and Arabic gum - on the sorption isotherms at temperatures of 20, 30, 40 e 50 ºC of passion fruit pulp powder obtained by vacuum drying. The sorption data were well adjusted by GAB model. The isotherms presented behavior of type II curves according to the Brunauer classification. The addition of maltodextrin DE 10 and Arabic gum to the passion fruit pulp powder decreased the equilibrium water content when compared to the pure powdered pulp and no considerable differences between the equilibrium moisture content of samples with 18% of arabic gum and with 18% or 55% of maltodextrin were observed. The increase in maltodextrin concentration did not affect the equilibrium water contents. The isosteric heat of sorption of the powdered pulp increased with decreasing water content, at the same time that lower values were obtained to powdered pulp with additives than to pure powdered pulp. Through the isokinetic compensation theory it could be concluded that the water sorption process by the powdered passion fruit pulp is an enthalpy controlled, spontaneous process for all tested samples. In chapter II, the influence of three drying methods: vacuum drying (60 ºC), spray drying (140 ºC) and freeze drying over the powdered passion fruit pulp isotherms with 55% of maltodextrin DE 10, was analyzed. The passion fruit pulp powder produced by spray drying presented higher sorption ability than vacuum dried and freeze dried pulp. In chapter 3, the influence of different concentrations and different dextrose... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
GOMES, Patrícia Maria de Araújo. "Estudo da polpa de acerola (Malphighia emargina D.C.) desidratada em leito de jorro." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2002. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1808.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2018-09-25T20:42:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PATRÍCIA MARIA DE ARAÚJO GOMES - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEA 2002..pdf: 8980687 bytes, checksum: 2e8a396f165bd52f1c2f6e78e23c1cc2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-08
Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de produzir polpa de acerola (Malphighia emarginata D.C) em pó, caracteriza-lá e estudar as alterações produzidas pelo efeito do seu armazenamento. O pó de acerola foi obtido mediante a secagem de uma solução contendo 90% de polpa de acerola e 10% de maltodextrina, em um secador do tipo leito de jorro, com temperatura do ar de secagem de 70°C. Caracterizou-se fisico-químicamente a polpa de acerola. através da determinação de pH. sólidos solúveis (°Brix), umidade, sólidos totais, acidez total, ácido ascórbico, açúcares redutores e cinzas. Determinaram-se as isotermas de adsorção de umidade da polpa de acerola em pó, nas temperaturas de 20°C, 25°C e 30°C, através do método gravimétrico estático, utilizando-se soluções saturadas de sais. Os dados experimentais das isotermas foram ajustados com as equações de BET, GAB, Oswin e Smith, sendo classificadas como Tipo III de acordo com BRUNAUER. Fez-se a análise física da polpa de acerola em pó, por meio da determinação da densidade, ângulo de repouso, tempo de escoamento e molhabilidade, cujo resultados demonstraram que o pó de acerola é um produto de alta higroscopicidade e apresenta problemas de fluidez. No estudo do armazenamento da polpa de acerola em pó, em temperatura ambiente, observou-se, após 60 dias de armazenamento, perda de 29.72% no teor do ácido ascórbico, aumento de 51,31% na umidade e escurecimento do pó, constatado através da leitura dos parâmetros da cor (L, a, b); o valor do pH variou durante o armazenamento, oscilando entre 3,7 e 3,8.
This work had, as aim, the obtaining and characterization of West Indian cherry (Malphighia emarginata D.C) powder pulp and study the storage effect in the powder. The West Indian cherry powder was obtained by drying a solution containing 90% of West Indian cherry pulp and 10% of maltodextrin, in a spouted bed dryer, with drying air temperature of 70°C. The West Indian cherry pulp was physical-chemically characterized. by pH. soluble solids (°Brix), moisture content. total solids, total acidity, ascorbic acid. sugars reducers and ashes. The moisture adsorption isotherms of the West Indian cherry powder were determined in temperatures of 20°C, 25°C and 30°C, by gravimetric static method, using saturated salt solutions. The experimental data of isotherms were fitted with the BET, GAB, Oswin and Smith's equations, being classified as Type III according to BRUNAUER. The physical analysis of West Indian cherry powder was made by determination of density. repose angle, funnel discharge time and wettability whose demonstrated that the West Indian cherry powder is a high higroscopic product and has difficulty of flowability. In the study West Indian cherry powder storage, at room temperature, was observed, alter 60 days of storage, loss of 29.72% in the ascorbic acid content, increase of 51.31% in the moisture content, browning of the powder, this had been verified by the parameters of the color (L, a, b); the value of the pH varied during the storage, between 3.7 and 3.8.
Bonato, Adriano Jos? do Amaral Mello. "An?lise da modelagem experimental da perda de injetividade." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12984.
Full textInjectivity decline, which can be caused by particle retention, generally occurs during water injection or reinjection in oil fields. Several mechanisms, including straining, are responsible for particle retention and pore blocking causing formation damage and injectivity decline. Predicting formation damage and injectivity decline is essential in waterflooding projects. The Classic Model (CM), which incorporates filtration coefficients and formation damage functions, has been widely used to predict injectivity decline. However, various authors have reported significant discrepancies between Classical Model and experimental results, motivating the development of deep bed filtration models considering multiple particle retention mechanisms (Santos & Barros, 2010; SBM). In this dissertation, inverse problem solution was studied and a software for experimental data treatment was developed. Finally, experimental data were fitted using both the CM and SBM. The results showed that, depending on the formation damage function, the predictions for injectivity decline using CM and SBM models can be significantly different
A perda de injetividade, que pode ser causada pela reten??o de part?culas, ocorre geralmente durante a inje??o ou reinje??o de ?gua em campos de petr?leo. V?rios mecanismos, incluindo a exclus?o pelo tamanho (straining), s?o respons?veis pela reten??o de part?culas e bloqueio dos poros da forma??o, causando dano e o decl?nio da injetividade. A previs?o para o dano ? forma??o e a queda da injetividade ? essencial para o gerenciamento de projetos de inje??o de ?gua. O modelo cl?ssico (MC), que incorpora os coeficientes de filtra??o e de dano ? forma??o, tem sido amplamente utilizado na previs?o da perda de injetividade. Esse modelo apresenta bons resultados quando apenas um mecanismo de reten??o ? atuante. Entretanto, v?rios autores relataram discrep?ncias significativas entre o modelo cl?ssico e os dados experimentais, motivando o desenvolvimento de modelos que consideram m?ltiplos mecanismos de reten??o de part?culas, como o modelo de Santos e Barros (MSB, 2010). Neste trabalho, foi estudada a solu??o do problema inverso para diferentes modelos. A partir deste estudo, foi desenvolvido um software para o tratamento dos dados experimentais. Finalmente, os dados experimentais foram ajustados usando tanto o MC quanto o MSB. Os resultados demonstraram que, dependendo da fun??o dano ? forma??o utilizada, as previs?es dos modelos MC e MSB para a perda de injetividade podem ser significativamente diferentes
Pedro, Maria Angélica Marques [UNESP]. "Influência de encapsulantes e do método de secagem nas propriedades físico-químicas e atributos de qualidade de polpa de maracujá (Passifora edulis f. flavicarpa)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101967.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Os objetivos deste trabalho foram analisar a influência do tipo e da quantidade de aditivos, além de diferentes métodos de secagem da polpa de maracujá em pó, nas isotermas, propriedades termodinâmicas de sorção e nos atributos de qualidade do produto obtido. No capítulo 1 descreve-se o efeito de diferentes aditivos - maltodextrina DE 10 e goma arábica - sobre as isotermas de sorção nas temperaturas de 20, 30, 40 e 50 ºC de polpa de maracujá em pó obtida por secagem a vácuo. O modelo de GAB se ajustou aos dados de sorção. As isotermas apresentaram comportamento da curva do tipo II, na classificação de Brunauer. Observou-se que a adição de maltodextrina DE 10 e de goma arábica à polpa de maracujá desidratada reduziu a umidade de equilíbrio em relação à umidade da polpa pura e não houve diferença considerável entre as umidades de equilíbrio das amostras da polpa com 18% de goma arábica e polpa com 18% ou 55% de maltodextrina. O aumento da concentração da maltodextrina não teve influência sobre os valores de umidade de equilíbrio. O calor isostérico de sorção da polpa em pó aumentou com o decréscimo da umidade, ao mesmo tempo em que apresentou menores valores para a polpa em pó com aditivos do que os observados para a polpa pura. Através da teoria da compensação isocinética, pode-se concluir que o processo de sorção de água pela polpa de maracujá em pó é um processo espontâneo e controlado pela entalpia para todas as amostras testadas. No capítulo 2 foi analisada a influência de três métodos de secagem: em estufa a vácuo (60 ºC), spray drying (140 ºC) e liofilização sobre as isotermas da polpa de maracujá em pó com 55% de maltodextrina DE 10. O pó produzido em spray dryer apresentou maior capacidade de sorção em relação aos pós desidratados em estufa a vácuo e em liofilizador. No capítulo 3 foi avaliada a influência...
The objectives of this work were to analyze the influence of type and quantity of additives, in addition to different drying methods, on the production of powdered passion fruit pulp, on its water sorption isotherms and on its themodynamical properties, as well as evaluating the quality attributes of the obtained product. Chapter 1 describes the effect of different additives - maltodextrin DE 10 and Arabic gum - on the sorption isotherms at temperatures of 20, 30, 40 e 50 ºC of passion fruit pulp powder obtained by vacuum drying. The sorption data were well adjusted by GAB model. The isotherms presented behavior of type II curves according to the Brunauer classification. The addition of maltodextrin DE 10 and Arabic gum to the passion fruit pulp powder decreased the equilibrium water content when compared to the pure powdered pulp and no considerable differences between the equilibrium moisture content of samples with 18% of arabic gum and with 18% or 55% of maltodextrin were observed. The increase in maltodextrin concentration did not affect the equilibrium water contents. The isosteric heat of sorption of the powdered pulp increased with decreasing water content, at the same time that lower values were obtained to powdered pulp with additives than to pure powdered pulp. Through the isokinetic compensation theory it could be concluded that the water sorption process by the powdered passion fruit pulp is an enthalpy controlled, spontaneous process for all tested samples. In chapter II, the influence of three drying methods: vacuum drying (60 ºC), spray drying (140 ºC) and freeze drying over the powdered passion fruit pulp isotherms with 55% of maltodextrin DE 10, was analyzed. The passion fruit pulp powder produced by spray drying presented higher sorption ability than vacuum dried and freeze dried pulp. In chapter 3, the influence of different concentrations and different dextrose... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Romualdo, Kamilla Vogas. "Problemas direto e inverso de processos de separação em leito móvel simulado mediante mecanismos cinéticos de adsorção." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6750.
Full textSeveral important industrial applications involving adsorption processes, citing as an example the product purification, separation of substances, pollution control and moisture among others. The growing interest in processes of purification of biomolecules is mainly due to the development of biotechnology and the demand of pharmaceutical and chemical products with high purity. The simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography is a continuous process that has been applied to simulate the movement of the adsorbent bed, in a countercurrent to the movement of liquid through the periodic exchange of the positions of input and output currents, being operated so continuous, notwithstanding the purity of the outlet streams. This is the extract, rich in the more strongly adsorbed component, and the raffinate, rich in the more weakly adsorbed component, the method being particularly suited to binary separations. The aim of this thesis is to study and evaluate different approaches using stochastic optimization methods for the inverse problem of the phenomena involved in the separation process in LMS. We used discrete models with different approaches to mass transfer. With the benefit of using a large number of theoretical plates in a column of moderate length, in this process the separation increases as the solute flowing through the bed, i.e. as many times as molecules interact between the mobile phase and stationary phase thus achieving the equilibrium. The modeling and simulation verified in these approaches allowed the assessment and identification of the main characteristics of a separation unit LMS. The application under consideration refers to the simulation of the separation of Ketamine and Baclofen. These compounds were chosen because they are well characterized in the literature and are available in kinetic studies and equilibrium adsorption on experimental results. With the results of experiments evaluated the behavior of the direct and inverse problem of a separation unit LMS in order to compare these results, always based on the criteria of separation efficiency between the mobile and stationary phases. The methods studied were the GA (Genetic Algorithm) and PCA (Particle Collision Algorithm) and we also made a hybridization between the GA and PCA. This thesis, we analyzed and compared the optimization methods in different aspects of the kinetic mechanism for mass transfer between the adsorption and desorption of the adsorbent solid phases.
Rosa, Júlio Patrício. "Cidades da tecnologia do conhecimento: um pensamento crítico sobre o Taguspark e o 22@BCN." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/7957.
Full textVinhas, Raquel Patrícia Gomes Silvestre. "Gold nanoparticles for nanotheranostics in leukemia – Addressing Chronic Myeloid Leukemia." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/37531.
Full textTeixeira, Carlos André de Moura. "Direct numerical simulation of fixed-bed reactors: effect of random packing." Dissertação, 2013. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/68812.
Full textAraújo, João Miguel Mendes de. "Optimal design and operation of compact simulated moving bed processes for enantioseparations." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/15752.
Full textRibeiro, Rita Fonseca e. Silva Tavares. "8-zone Simulated Moving Bed Chromatography for the separation of ternary mixtures." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/19988.
Full textBarbosa, Sílvia Vanessa dos Santos. "Adsorption equilibrium and fixed-bed adsorption of phenolic acids onto polymeric adsorbent." Dissertação, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/89761.
Full textTeixeira, Carlos André de Moura. "Direct numerical simulation of fixed-bed reactors: effect of random packing." Master's thesis, 2013. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/68812.
Full textSilva, Joel Alexandre Moreira da. "Packed bed membrane reactor for the water-gas shift reaction: experimental and modeling work." Dissertação, 2013. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/68698.
Full textBarbosa, Sílvia Vanessa dos Santos. "Adsorption equilibrium and fixed-bed adsorption of phenolic acids onto polymeric adsorbent." Master's thesis, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/89761.
Full textGomes, Pedro Sousa Ferreira. "Proteins Separation by Expanded Bed Chromatography Technology." Doctoral thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/116354.
Full textGomes, Pedro Sousa Ferreira. "Proteins Separation by Expanded Bed Chromatography Technology." Tese, 2018. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/116354.
Full textCosta, Diego Hebert Seixas. "Durabilidade de varões compósitos entrançados (BCR) submetidos a ambientes agressivos." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/56602.
Full textAs crescentes necessidades de otimização na área da engenharia civil, tanto no que se refere à velocidade e logística das construções quanto nos aspectos da qualidade e durabilidade dos edifícios, combinadas ao elevado impacto dos materiais estruturais tradicionais nas dimensões econômica, social e ambiental da sustentabilidade, tornam necessário o estudo de elementos construtivos alternativos. Entre as soluções, estão os polímeros reforçados com fibras (FRP), materiais que, devido às suas características superiores em relação aos convencionais, apresentam várias aplicações potenciais, especificamente os varões compósitos entrançados (BCR) reforçadas com fibras de vidro e/ou carbono que possuem, quando comparadas ao aço, elevado desempenho mecânico, leveza e reduzidos consumos energéticos de produção. Apesar dos avanços, ainda há insuficiente conhecimento a respeito da longevidade destes varões no interior do concreto empregado em elementos estruturais. Deste modo, este trabalho objetiva a avaliação da influência da camada externa na durabilidade de varões compósitos entrançados para tal fim. Para tanto, foram produzidas quatro amostras com reforço constante de fibras de vidro e carbono, com diferentes matrizes epoxídicas termoendurecíveis (tipo 1 e tipo 2) e dois tipos de fibras (poliéster e acrílico), as quais foram submetidas a condições e ambientes agressivos, designadamente, soluções alcalina em temperatura elevada e de cloretos e exposição a raios UV e humidade. Foram ainda desenvolvidas verificações acerca das propriedades físicas, químicas e mecânicas dos provetes, através de análise microscópica, verificação da variação de massa e de diferença de cor, da realização de espectroscopia infravermelho e ensaio de tração. Ao fim dos ensaios, constatou-se que a configuração de matriz formada por fibra acrílica impregnada com resina tipo 2 é a que apresenta melhores resultados e que os BCR mostraram, de modo geral, bom comportamento ao fim dos 80 dias de ciclo, apresentando adequadas propriedades após a exposição aos ambientes deletérios.
Increasing optimization needs in the civil engineering area, both in terms of speed and logistics buildings as in aspects of quality and durability of buildings, combined with the high impact of traditional structural materials in the economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainability, the study of alternative construction elements become necessary. Among the solutions are polymers reinforced with fibers (FRP) materials which, due to their superior characteristics compared to conventional, present a em umber of potential applications, specifically braided composite rods (BCR) reinforced with glass fibers and / or carbon have compared to steel, high mechanical performance, light weight and reduced energy production consumption. Despite advances, there is still insufficient knowledge about the longevity of these men inside the concrete used in structural elements. Thus, this study aims the evaluation of the influence of the outer layer in the durability of the FRP composites for this purpose. To this end, four samples were produced using continuous reinforcement glass fibers and carbon and matrices composed of two types of fibers (polyester and acrylic) and two types of epoxy thermosetting resins (type 1 and type 2), which were subject to conditions and harsh environments, in particular, alkaline solutions at elevated temperature and chlorides and exposure to UV rays and humidity. They were also carried out checks on the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of samples by means of microscopic analysis, scanning mass variation and color difference, performing infrared spectroscopy and tensile test. At the end of the tests, it was observed that the matrix configuration formed by acrylic fiber impregnated with type 2 resin is that best results and that BCR showed generally good performance at the end of the 80 day cycle, with appropriate properties after exposure to deleterious environments.