Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework'

Bakgrund: Bygg- och anläggningsbranschen är en bransch som bland annat bygger ut bredband. I Sverige, såväl som inom EU, har omfattande mål satts för bredbandsutbyggnad inom de närmsta åren. Detta ställer krav på branschen, specifikt att de måste digitaliseras för att kunna effektivisera sitt arbete, vilket de fått kritik för att ha varit långsamma med. Detta fenomen undersöks i denna studie genom att iaktta anammandet ett digitalt verktyg utifrån TOEramverket. Det är ett ramverk som är lämpat för att analysera vad som motiverar implementering och anammande av en ny teknologi. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att bidra med ökad förståelse för bolag verksamma inom anläggning vad gäller implementering och anammande av digitala verktyg, utifrån en teknologisk, organisatorisk och miljömässig kontext. Därför vill studien undersöka vad som motiverat bolag som jobbar med anläggningsverksamhet att implementera och anamma en ny teknologi. Metod: Studien omfattas av en kvalitativ forskningsmetod, interpretivistisk lins och abduktiv ansats. Studiens urval har tillämpats med hjälp av ett bekvämlighetsurval och snöbollsurval med fokus på respondenter som har en högre position i sin organisation. Datainsamling görs genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer med flera fallföretag aktiva inom branschen, och data har analyserats genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Slutsats: Studien kan utifrån resultatet av den diskussion som förs i analysavsnittet visa att de faktorerna som ingått i TOE-ramverket påverkar anammande och implementering av teknologi i bolag verksamma inom anläggning. De faktorer som identifierat som spelar roll för en påverkan är: upplevda direkta och indirekta fördelar, komplexitet, kompatibilitet, organisatorisk beredskap, teknologisk beredskap, organisatoriskt stöd, upplevd press från branschen, upplevd press från handelspartners och upplevd press från konsumenter. Slutligen har ett antal nya faktorer identifierats som betydande i anammande- och implementeringsprocessen: nationell kultur, ålder, upplevda direkta nackdelar och indirekta nackdelar<br>Background: The construction industry is an industry that, among other areas, construct and develop broadband infrastructure. In Sweden, as well as within the EU, extensive goals have been set for broadband expansion in the next few years. This places a demand on the industry, specifically that they must digitize in order to increase efficiency, which is something that the industry has been criticized for. This study investigates this phenomenon by observing the adoption of a digital tool, based on the TOE framework. This is a framework that is suitable for analyzing what motivates firms to adopt new technology. Purpose: The aim of the study is to contribute an increased understanding of construction firms regarding the implementation and adoption of digital tools, based on a technological, organizational and environmental context. Therefore, the study wants to describe what motivated these construction companies to implement and adopt a new technology. Methodology: The study uses a qualitative research method, interpretivistic lens and abductive approach. The study's sample was selected using a convenience sample and snowball sample, focusing on respondents who have a higher position in their organization. The data collection is done through semi-structured interviews with several case companies active in the industry, and data has been analyzed through a qualitative content analysis. Conclusion: Based on the results of the discussion in the analysis section, the study can show that the factors included in the TOE framework affect the adoption and implementation of technology in firms in the construction industry. The factors identified that play a role in influencing are: perceived direct and indirect benefits, complexity, compatibility, financial readiness, technological readiness, organizational support, perceived pressure from the industry, perceived pressure by partners and perceived pressure from consumers. Finally, in the empirical material and subsequently in the analysis section, new factors that have been identified as affecting the adoption and implementation process have emerged: national culture, age, perceived direct disadvantages and indirect disadvantages.

The IT sector contributes to a large part of the world'semissions, for that reason it’s becoming more important toimplement green-IT within organizations. Theimplementation of green-IT in organizations is a complexprocess and the knowledge within the area is lacking. Tobroaden this research area this qualitative study has examinedfactors that affect the implementation of green-IT with analtered version of the TOE framework. With the frameworksfactors Technology, Organization, Environment andMotivation the study’s interview questions were designed andexamined on five interviewees. After a thematic analysis ofthe collected data the result showed that multiple sub-factorsof the framework were not consistent. The result implied thatthe TOEM frameworks subfactors government regulationsand resources did not have any effect on the adoption ofgreen-IT. What rather affected the adoption of geen-IT wasthe prioritization of green-IT within the organization. UsableIT-support for green-IT also resulted in being an importantaspect that moreover affects the motivation for green-IT, anaspect that wasn’t a subfactor of the TOEM framework.<br>IT-sektorn står för en stor del av världens utsläpp, därför blirdet allt viktigare att införa grön-IT inom organisationer.Införandet av grön-IT i en organisation är en komplexprocess och kunskapen inom området är bristande. För attutöka detta kunskapsområde har denna kvalitativa studieundersökt faktorer som påverkar införandet av grön-ITgenom en tillämpad version av ramverket TOE ramverket.Genom ramverkets faktorer Teknologi, Organisation, Miljöoch Motivation utformades studiens intervjufrågor somundersöktes mot fem intervjudeltagare. Efter en tematiskanalys av den insamlade datan visade resultatet att flera subfaktorer till ramverkets faktorer inte överensstämde.Resultatet påvisade att TOEM ramverkets sub-faktorerstatliga regleringar och resurser inte hade någon påverkanpå införandet av grön-IT. Vad som snarare påverkadeinförande av grön-IT var Grön-ITs prioritering inomorganisationen. Användbara IT-stöd för grön-IT resulteradeäven i att vara en viktig aspekt som dessutom påverkarmotivationen för grön-IT, en aspekt som inte var en subfaktor i TOEM ramverket.

Manufacturers have been hesitant to adopt Internet of things (IoT) due to a lack of understanding about the innovate characteristics, technology, organizational and environmental factors related to IoT adoption and how their organizations can apply IoT correctly. This quantitative, correlational study used a combination of diffusion of innovation theory and technology–organization–environment framework as the foundation to examine if a relationship exists between relative advantage, complexity, compatibility, technology readiness, top management support, firm size, competitive pressure, and regulatory support and IT leaders' intent to adopt IoT in U.S. manufacturing organizations. A sample of 168 information technology (IT) leaders from the U.S. manufacturing sectors was used. Multiple regression analysis indicated significant relationships between the intent to adopt IoT by IT leaders of manufacturing organizations and only 3 of the 8 independent variables: technology readiness, top management support, and competitive pressure. The model was able to predict approximately 44% of the variation of IT leaders' intent to adopt IoT. The results of this study might help IT leaders in the U.S. manufacturing sectors understand the factors that influence IoT adoption. The findings from this study might contribute to positive social change by contributing to economic growth that results from increased efficiency gained from the adoption of IoT in key business areas.

Aldrig förr har vi konsumerat så mycket som nu och konsumenterna ställer hela tiden krav på högre kvalitet till lägre pris, samtidigt som kostnader för arbetskraft, energi och material ständigt ökar. För att bemöta kundernas behov används olika produktionssystem. Lean production är ett sådant produktionssystem och inkluderar en mängd uppsättning praktiska verktyg, men också en filosofi byggd på engagemang, kunskap, team-känsla och ledarskap. Lean är något många företag eftersträvar att införa, men studier visar att mindre än 20% lyckas att införa hela Leans koncept. Det är främst de mjuka delarna av Lean (filosofin) som företagen har svårast att implementera, vilket innebär att Lean i många fall reduceras till en verktygslåda. I denna studie har Lean-implementationen på ett fallföretag studerats. Fallföretaget införde Lean i samband med ”Produktionslyftet” år 2007 i syfte att effektivisera processer och bemöta hårdnande konkurrens. Ett antal intervjuer har genomförts med både produktions-personal och personer i ledande befattning. För att synliggöra individens roll i införandet och anammandet av Lean har en ny undersökningsmodell tagits fram för att analysera empirin och som utgår från ramverket för teknik, organisation och miljö, TOE, men där influensen av miljö har ersatts av influensen av individ, TOI. Den teoretiska undersöknings-modellen är undersökarens bidrag till forskningen. Resultatet av studien visar på att fallföretaget är ett klassiskt exempel på ett företag som lyckats väl med att införa de tekniska verktygen av Lean och att verksamheten fungerar mycket bättre idag än före införandet av Lean. Fallföretaget har ökat leveranssäkerheten och omsättningen men samtidigt minskat på produktionsytan och producerar ändå mer på samma tid. Däremot har fallföretaget inte lika tydligt implementerat de mjuka beståndsdelarna av Lean, det vill säga själva filosofin. Undersökningsmodellen TOI lyfter här fram verksamhetens karaktär, en hierarkisk och toppstyrd organisation, som en möjlig faktor till varför de mjuka beståndsdelarna inte har fått fäste. Modellen visar även att individen inte integrerar och samspelar med de influenser som borde skapa Lean. Samspelet mellan individ och ledning (organisation) ses som väsentliga för att uppnå de mjuka beståndsdelarna. För att få Leans hela koncept måste det finnas ett samspel och förbindelse mellan TOI modellens tre influenser; teknik, organisation och individ. Alla delarna är lika viktiga för att hela Lean ska få fäste. Detta är en möjlig anledning till varför det är mindre än 20% av Lean-projekteten som misslyckas med att implementera Leans hela koncept.<br>Never before have we consumed as much as now and customers are constantly demanding higher quality at a lower price, while at the same time costs are increasing for labour, energy and materials. Different production systems are used to meet customer needs. Lean production is such a production system and includes a variety of practical tools but also a philosophy based on commitment, knowledge, team spirit and leadership. Lean is something many companies strive to introduce, but studies shows that less than 20% succeed in introducing the entire Lean concept. It’s mainly the soft parts of Lean (the philosophy) that companies have most difficulty to implement, which means that in many cases Lean is reduced to a toolbox. This study is about the Lean implementation in a case company. The case company introduced Lean through its participation in the "Produktionslyftet" in 2007 with the aim of streamlining processes and responding to toughening competition. A number of interviews have been carried out with both production staff and senior executives. In order to highlight the individual's role in the introduction and adoption of Lean, a research model has been developed to analyse the empirical data, which is based on the framework for technology, organization and environment, TOE, but where the influence of environment has been replaced by the influence of the individual, TOI. The theoretical survey model is the investigator's contribution to the science. The result of the study shows that the case company is a classic example of a company that has succeeded well in introducing the technical tools of Lean and that the operation works much better today than before the introduction of Lean. The case company has increased the delivery reliability and sales but at the same time decreased the production area and still produces more at the same time allotted. However, the case company has not as clearly implemented the soft elements of Lean, that is, the philosophy itself. The survey model TOI highlights the nature of the business, a hierarchical and top-down organization, as a possible factor why the soft components have not been attached. The model also shows that the individual does not integrate and interact with the influences that should create Lean. The interaction between individual and management (organization) are seen as essential for achieving the soft components. In order to get the whole concept of Lean, there must be an interaction and connection between the three influences of the TOI model; technology, organization and individual. All parts are equally important for the whole of Lean to get attached. This is a possible reason why there are less than 20% of Lean projects that fail to implement the entire Lean concept.

Det svenska sjukvårdssystemet är konstant under hög press och situationen benämns ofta i media som en sjukvårdskris. Radiologin är en av de medicinska discipliner som drabbats av en kontinuerligt ökande arbetsbelastning och personalbrist. Detta sätter sjukvården i en situation att konstant tvingas väga effektivitet mot kvalitet. Trots höga förväntningar på att innovationer som Artificiell Intelligens (AI) ska kunna bistå behoven, används AI idag i en mycket begränsad utsträckning. Denna studie syftar till att utreda påverkande faktorer för införandet av AI inom radiologin. För att besvara arbetets forskningsfråga har HA Adoption-Decision Model, en modifierad version av det väletablerade Technology-Organization-Environment Framework (TOE), tillämpats. Ramverket innefattar tre kontexter; teknologisk, organisatorisk och extern kontext. Varje kontexts delaspekter, så kallade faktorer, följer under respektive kontext. Dessa tio faktorer utvärderades för att besvara studiens forskningsfråga om vilka faktorer som har störst påverkan på införande av AI inom radiologi. Genom att förena tidigare forskning med resultatet från sex intervjuer visade sig affärsvärde , strategisk lämplighet , ledningsstöd och reglering av datahantering ha störst påverkan. Avslutningsvis presenteras ett förslag om att introducera en elfte faktor, IT-mognad, till ramverket.

In the wake of a digitally transforming environment, public sector organizations are realizingthe necessity to adopt new ways of managing their operations. The changing expectations anddemands of citizens and stakeholders are triggering such organizations to develop their deliveryof services, as well as digitally transforming their internal processes. As the public sector valuesservice delivery and cost-effectiveness, cloud services have become an attractive option to transition to, due to their flexible and economical characteristics. This qualitative study examines two Swedish municipalities in their transition to cloud services, studying the reasons behind said transition, and how those affect their adoption. The Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework was utilized to evaluate the factors affecting the two organizations’ transitions and adoptions of cloud services, showcasing a connection between the framework’s elements and the analyzed results. The findings show pressure coming from both external and internal sources, restrictions involving governmental regulations and lack ofavailability, as well as how they manage these challenges, by finding new ways to innovate and preparing their organizations for future transitions.

Doutoramento em Gestão<br>Mobile business is expected to create a large spectrum of business opportunities. Although much research has been developed in this field, most of the existing m-business literature focuses on the customer’s adoption factors rather than assessing the value or the impact of m-business to firms. The present study fills this gap in the literature through the analysis of the value m-business can provide to the firms, as well as the impact of m-business on the firm’s performance. The Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework, the Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theory and the Resource-Base View (RBV) theory ground this research’s conceptual model for assessing the value of mobile business on an organizational context. According to the conceptual model proposed, there are several factors that may affect m-business use and value: relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, technology competence; technology integration, firm size, financial resources, competition intensity, partner pressure and mobile environment. The value of m-business is proposed to be a second order formative construct comprising the impact on marketing and sales dimensions, the impact on internal operations dimensions, and the impact on procurement dimensions. This study develops and validates an instrument to assess m-business usage and value based on data of 111 marketing and information systems professionals. The measurement and structural models are than tested using structural equation modeling as implemented in Smart PLS with data collected via a questionnaire administered to the 400 largest Portuguese organizations. Results show that firm size, financial resources and complexity, are not among the factors that are antecedents of m-business usage. Additionally, going towards our results from the interviews, the impact on procurement dimension is less significant than the impact on the marketing and sales and internal operations dimensions.<br>O negócio móvel (m-business) permite a criação de um amplo espectro de novas oportunidades de negócio. Embora muita investigação esteja a ser desenvolvida nesta área, a maioria da literatura existente sobre o m-business centra-se em fatores de adopção ao nível do indivíduo, e não avalia o valor ou o impacto do m-business para as organizações. O presente estudo pretende colmatar esta lacuna existente na literatura através da análise do valor que o mbusiness pode proporcionar às empresas, bem como o seu impacto no desempenho das mesmas. O modelo teórico da Tecnologia-Organização-Ambiente (TOE), a teoria da Difusão de Inovação (DOI) e a teoria baseada nos recursos (RBV) fundamentam o desenvolvimento do modelo conceptual desta dissertação para avaliar o valor do negócio móvel no contexto organizacional. De acordo com o modelo conceptual proposto, há vários factores que podem afectar o uso e valor do m-business: as vantagens relativas, a compatibilidade, a complexidade, a competência tecnológica, a integração da tecnologia, a dimensão da empresa, os recursos financeiros, a intensidade da concorrência, a pressão dos parceiros de negócio e o ambiente móvel. O conceito de valor de m-business é proposto ser um constructo formativo de segunda ordem compreendendo o impacto sobre marketing e vendas, o impacto sobre as operações internas, e o impacto sobre as compras. Este estudo desenvolve e valida um instrumento para avaliar o uso e valor do m-business com base em dados empíricos de 111 profissionais de marketing e sistemas de informação. Os modelos de medida e estrutural são testados utilizando modelos de equações estruturais, conforme implementado no Smart PLS com dados recolhidos através de um questionário aplicado às 400 maiores organizações Portuguesas. Os resultados mostram que o tamanho da empresa, os seus recursos financeiros e a complexidade da inovação, não estão entre os factores que são antecedentes do uso do m-business. Além disso, indo ao encontro dos resultados das entrevistas exploratórias, o impacto nas dimensões a montante é menos significativo do que o impacto sobre o marketing e vendas e sobre as operações internas.

碩士<br>國立臺中科技大學<br>資訊管理系碩士班<br>100<br>Since 1995, with the implementation of National Health Insurance, hospitals in Taiwan become more and more competitive. Information technology becomes one of the strategic tools to achieve competitive advantage. Besides, with the development of cloud computing, it becomes new platform for hospital information systems. However, cloud computing is novel for hospitals. More comprehensive understanding toward establish this infrastructure successfully is critical for hospital. Therefore, the purpose of this research is attempted to understand the critical factors for hospital to adopt cloud computing. First, previous related researches about innovative IT adoption in organizations and hospital were reviewed and summarized. Next, Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework and Human-Organization-Technology (HOT-fit) model were integrated to understand this issue. Third, three representative cases in Taiwan are analyzed. Finally, based on the results of above works, this study proposes a comprehensive research model to understand the critical factors for cloud computing adoption in Taiwan hospitals. This research model includes four constructs (human, technology, hospital and environment) and twelve variables. By employing a questionnaire research design and the research samples are the CIO of Taiwan hospitals. Finally, 89 usable questionnaires were returned, for a valid return rate of approximately 53.29%. The result of data analysis indicates that the top five critical factors for adopting cloud computing are security, technical competence, cost, top management support and complexity. Additionally, this study also finds that the critical factors were various between different hospital levels, hospital attributes, and cloud computing development status. For hospital levels, there exists significant differences between metropolitan hospitals and local community hospitals in the IS staff technical competence. For hospital attributes, there exist significant differences across private, public and foundation hospitals in the CIO innovativeness. Finally, from the perspective of the cloud computing development status, the results show that significant differences exist in IS staff technical competence, adequate resource, cost, internal need, and perceived industry pressure across different adopting groups. For practitioners, this study identifies key factors for hospitals to make an adoption decision toward cloud computing technology. As for academia, this study applies previous theories in the context of cloud computing and thus, can be provided as a useful reference for future studies in this subject field.

Dissertation presented as partial requirement for obtaining the Master’s degree in Statistics and Information Management, with specialization in Market research and CRM<br>Customer relationship management (CRM) is the technique presented in this study that enables organizations, to know and to better understand their customers’ needs, treating each them differently. CRM improves the organization’s ability to interact with their customers and to build a competitive advantage, which is continuing to receive considerable attention from scholars and business context. However, a review of Literature indicates that there is a lack of research related to CRM adoption stages. To fill this gap, this study presents a conceptual model to examine the antecedents, at the firm level, in technology-organization-environment contexts (TOE) framework, which affects CRM adoption stages (i.e. intention, adoption, and routinization). Data collected from 277 companies, are used to test the conceptual model. “Partial least squares” (PLS) is the technique used to examine the related hypotheses. The findings and contributions of the study are presented.<br>O CRM é a técnica presente neste estudo, que permite às empresas conhecer e compreender melhor as necessidades dos clientes, abordando cada um deles de forma diferente. O CRM vai melhorar a capacidade de interação das empresas com os seus clientes, e desenvolver vantagem competitiva. É uma ferramenta que continua a ter influência para os estudantes e organizações. No entanto, tendo em conta a revisão da literatura há uma carência de estudos sobre os estágios de adoção do CRM. Para colmatar esta falha, o nosso estudo apresenta um modelo conceptual, em que relaciona fatores do contexto tecnológico, organizacional e do meio envolvente (TOE), com os estágios de adoção do CRM - iniciação, adoção e implementação, nas organizações. Foi recolhida informação proveniente de 277 empresas para testar o modelo conceptual. A técnica estatística Partial Least Square (PLS) é o método utilizado para testar as hipóteses. Os resultados e contributos do estudo serão apresentados.

Dissertation presented as partial requirement for obtaining the Master’s degree in Information Management, with a specialization in Marketing Intelligence<br>BI systems have been largely used as a way to support decision-making and increase competitive advantage between large firms. Studies using adoption theories turned out to be useful to understand the adoption of BI systems in such organizations. However, among SME’s the research on the theme it is still scarce as the adoption of BI is not a certainty. Even though cloud BI solutions emerged as a suitable solution for SME’s, there is a lack of studies focusing on its adoption. This study aims to fill this gap in the literature and access the determinant factors to the adoption of cloud BI in SMEs. We propose a conceptual model based on the combination of two prominent adoption theories at the firm level: diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory, and the technology, organization, and environment (TOE) framework. Data collected from 203 SMEs were analyzed using the PLS-SEM method. Results of the data analysis showed that the variables relative advantage, complexity and top management support are significant to the adoption of cloud BI in SMEs. This study offers insights to SMEs’ managers, BI vendors, and IT/IS scholars.

Dissertação apresentada como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Estatística e Gestão de Informação, especialização em Estudos de Mercado e Gestão de Relacionamento com o Cliente<br>This study attempts to test and validate the theoretical framework proposed by Bose and Luo (2011) that identifies and examines the factors that contribute to the assessment of a firm’s readiness to go green via IT-enable virtualization. The conceptual framework is based on three theoretical foundations: (1) technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework; (2) process virtualization theory (PVT); and (3) diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory. To test the framework, data were collected from 251 firms in Portugal and partial least square (PLS) was used to estimate the research model. The study found that environmental context (i.e., competition intensity and regulatory support) influences Green IT adoption more than the technological and organizational contexts. The research also confirmed that the pre-stage of adoption (i.e., Green IT initialization) influences the formal stage of adoption (i.e., Green IT integration), which in turn influences the post-adoption stage (i.e., Green IT maturation). As sustainable products and practices become increasingly relevant, the study adds new knowledge to this emergent area of IS research and provides valuable insights to IS managers and decision makers.<br>Este estudo pretende testar e validar o modelo teórico proposto por Bose e Luo (2011), o qual identifica e analisa os factores que contribuem para a avaliação por parte das empresas da sua capacidade de adoptar tecnologias de informação sustentáveis (Green IT) através da virtualização. O modelo copceptual é baseado em três fundamentos teóricos: (1) contexto de inovação tecnológica (TOE framework), (2) teoria do processo de virtualização (PVT theory) e (3) difusão da inovação (DOI). Para testar o modelo, foram recolhidos dados de 251 empresas que operam em Portugal e posteriormente estimado o modelo através da metodologia de mínimos quadrados parciais (PLS). Através do estudo concluiu-se que contexto externo à empresa (ou seja, a intensidade da concorrência e o apoio regulatório) influencia mais a adopção de TI sustentáveis que os contextos tecnológico e organizacional. O estudo também confirmou que a fase de pré-adopção (i.e., inicialização de TI sustentáveis) influencia a fase formal de adopção (ou seja, a integração de TI sustentáveis), que por sua vez influencia a fase de pós-adopção (i.e., maturação de TI sustentáveis). Com os produtos e as práticas sustentáveis a tornarem-se cada vez mais relevantes, este estudo acrescenta novos conhecimentos a esta área emergente de Sistemas de Informação e fornece informações valiosas tanto para gestores de sistemas de informação como para decisores (e.g., politicos, empresariais, etc.).

Dissertation presented as partial requirement for obtaining the Master’s degree in Information Management, with a specialization in Knowledge Management and Business Intelligence<br>Machine learning (ML) has become one of the hottest trends in the IT field. Knowing that ML can positively impact an organization’s performance, it is, therefore, crucial that the drivers upon its adoption are studied. Using the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework and the institutional (INT) theory, an empirical measurement of the key determinants of ML adoption was made in a single framework. A structural equation modeling (SEM) technique was used in a dataset of 319 firms to test the suggested hypotheses. The research empirically sustains the impact of the environment on ML adoption, not only as a predictor but also as a moderator of the technological context.<br>O machine learning (ML) tornou-se numa das tendências mais relevantes no campo das tecnologias de informação (TI). Sabendo que o ML pode impactar positivamente o desempenho de uma organização, é crucial que os fatores que influenciam a sua adoção sejam estudados. Utilizando o modelo tecnologia-organização-ambiente (TOE) e a teoria institucional (INT), um estudo empírico dos principais determinantes da adoção de ML foi realizado num só modelo. Uma técnica de modelação de equações estruturais (SEM) foi utilizada numa amostra de 319 empresas para testar as hipóteses sugeridas. O presente estudo sustenta empiricamente o impacto do ambiente na adoção de ML, não apenas enquanto preditor direto, mas também como moderador do contexto tecnológico.

Dissertation presented as the partial requirement for obtaining a Master's degree in Information Management, specialization in Information Systems and Technologies Management<br>This work aims to contribute to a better understanding of the factors describing digital transformation maturity at a firm level, helping organizations to identify deficiencies in its effectiveness and proposing a conceptual model that can assist in a digital transformation maturity elevation. The research performed in 153 firms from different industries, investigates the factors behind digital transformation maturity, using the institutional theory as part of the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework, relating those contexts with the organizational innovativeness and moderating it with the artifacts of innovation and with the knowledge management.<br>Este trabalho visa contribuir para uma melhor compreensão dos fatores que descrevem a maturidade da transformação digital ao nível da empresa, ajudando as organizações a identificar deficiências na sua eficiência e propondo um modelo conceitual que possa auxiliar a elevação da maturidade na transformação digital. A pesquisa realizada em 153 empresas de diferentes setores, investiga os fatores por detrás da maturidade na transformação digital, usando a teoria institucional como parte da estrutura TOE (tecnologia-organização-ambiente), relacionando os seus contextos com a inovação organizacional e moderando este com os artefactos de inovação e com a gestão do conhecimento.

碩士<br>國立高雄科技大學<br>資訊管理系<br>107<br>With the rapid development of science and technology, the work and life of modern people have been gradually changed. Crowdsourcing by the masses is not only a new way of working for crowdsourcing workers, but also a way of using the wisdom of the masses to assist clients. For crowdsourcing workers, they can increase their income and accumulate practical experience. For the entruster, it is possible to achieve the task with lower cost and higher efficiency. In order to understand which factors of the entruster affect the people's intention of crowdsourcing? This study was conducted through the framework of technology-organization-environment theory and listed three factors as compatibility, absorptive capacity and autonomy as the independent variables of the study. The research object is to conduct a questionnaire survey on people who have used the crowdsourcing platform of the masses, and the effective sample number is 238, and PLS analysis is used. The results of this study show that compatibility and absorptive capacity have positive effects on the adoption intention, but autonomy has no effects on the adoption intention.

The emergence of cloud computing is influencing how businesses develop, re-engineer, and implement critical software applications. The cloud requires developers to elevate the importance of compliance with security policies, regulations and internal engineering standards in their software development life cycles. Cloud computing and agile development methodologies are new technologies associated with new approaches in the way computing services are provisioned and development of quality software enhanced. However adoption and use of agile and cloud computing by SMMEs in South Africa is seemingly constrained by a number of technical and non-technical challenges. Using Grounded Theory and case study method this study was aimed at exploring the development of a framework for agile methodologies to promote the adoption and use of cloud computing services by SMMEs in South Africa. Data was collected through survey and in-depth interviews. Open, Axial and Selective coding was used to analyse the data. In tandem with its main objective the study, besides exploring the development of the envisaged framework, also generated and made available valuable propositions and knowledge that SMMEs in South Africa using agile development methodologies can use to work better with cloud computing services in the country without compromising on software quality. The findings of this study and the emerging insights around the development of the framework, which in itself also constitutes an important decision making tool for supporting adoption and use of cloud computing services, are a substantial contribution to knowledge and practice in the ICT field of information systems in South Africa<br>Information Science<br>D. Phil. (Information Systems)