Journal articles: 'Technology Oceania'

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Rapaport, Moshe. "Eden in Peril: Impact of Humans on Pacific Island Ecosystems." Island Studies Journal 1, no. 1 (2006): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24043/isj.190.

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Islands have often been cited as models of human impact upon the environment. With high rates of endemism and other unique characteristics, island ecosystems are subject to dramatic perturbation. The arrival of humans in Near Oceania during the Pleistocene led swiftly to a series of fauna extinctions. In the New Guinea Highlands clearing and tending of wild plants gave rise to tree and root crop agriculture, intensive cultivation technology, and anthropogenic grasslands. By 3600 BP (Before Present), Lapita settlers had reached Remote Oceania, leading to deforestation and declines in birds and other species. European contact introduced new biota and new technology, with significant consequences for island environments and societies. Questions have been raised concerning the impact of climate change on island ecosystems. Population growth plays a significant role in environmental degradation, though not necessarily as a proximate cause. The Tikopian arboriculture system provides one of several Oceanic models of sustainability.

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Chang, Yoon-Seok, Jong-Kwan Jun, Young-Min Choi, and Shin-Yong Moon. "The Present Status of Assisted Reproductive Technology in Asia-Oceania." Asia-Oceania Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 20, no. 4 (May 24, 2010): 331–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0756.1994.tb00478.x.

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Chang, Yoon-Seok, Seok-Hyun Kim, Shin-Yong Moon, and Jin-Yong Lee. "Current Status of Assisted Reproductive Technology in Asia and Oceania." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research 22, no. 4 (August 1996): 305–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0756.1996.tb00984.x.

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Dufrene, Phoebe. "Art as Technology: The Arts of Africa, Oceania, Native America, Southern California." Art Therapy 8, no. 1 (January 1991): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07421656.1991.10758919.

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Li, H. W. Raymond, Jaydeep Tank, and Rohana Haththotuwa. "Updated status of assisted reproductive technology activities in the Asia-Oceania region." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research 44, no. 9 (July 29, 2018): 1667–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jog.13742.

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Küchler, Susanne. "Additive Technology and Material Cognition: A View from Anthropology." Journal of Cognition and Culture 14, no. 5 (November 6, 2014): 385–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12342133.

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The paper reflects on the theory of material cognition the advent of 3-D printing arguably calls for, pointing to the topology implicit in additive fabrication that invites a vision of the world in which the environment is no longer outside, but inside material structures that envelop in a self-referential manner and that work by aggregating and assembling, much like the layers of an onion. The questions that additive technology invites are not just technical and material in nature but chiefly concern the question of how the mind will inhabit this material technology that calls for and creates structures of internally held, manifold relations. The challenge additive technology poses to us is examined in this paper by turning to the maritime cultures of Oceania, where the wrapping of objects and of physical bodies in composite, iterative shapes, internally held and additive in fabrication is a chief way to secure the distinctiveness of the social body in the face of pervasive connectivity in a world in which perpetual movement and a conception of relation at a distance is not a matter of choice, but of necessity. The paper uses ethnographic data from Oceania to question the difference additive fabrication will make to the conceptualization of connectivity by directing us away from a network oriented approach informed by communication systems to a localised and immanent system which replicates internally relational elements in a simultaneously enfolding and expansive manner.

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Adalsteinsson, JE, M. Hemels, R. Jensen, and M. Toumi. "PDB27 A REVIEW OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENTS OF DIABETES IN ASIA AND OCEANIA." Value in Health 13, no. 7 (November 2010): A531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1098-3015(11)73201-6.

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Fane, Diana, Arnold Rubin, and Zena Pearlstone. "Art as Technology: The Arts of Africa, Oceania, Native America and Southern California." African Arts 24, no. 2 (April 1991): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3336847.

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Beheim, Bret A., and Adrian V. Bell. "Inheritance, ecology and the evolution of the canoes of east Oceania." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1721 (February 23, 2011): 3089–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.0060.

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We consider patterns in the evolution of canoe technology in the eastern Pacific relative to three general processes: movement of canoe traits along the Polynesian settlement sequence, adaptations to local island environment, and post-settlement interaction between island groups. Using model selection methods on the distributions of canoe technology, we show that social and ecological covariates together consistently outperform each considered individually, though knowledge of island area and post-settlement trading spheres does not add explanatory power. In particular, decorative canoe traits are not effectively explained by either our ecological or transmission models. We also estimate negative effects from both settlement sequence and island geomorphology, consistent with the die-off of particular canoe designs on resource-rich high island groups such as Hawaii and New Zealand. This decline in measured traits may be owing to the lifting of ecological constraints on population size or building materials.

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SVD, Gregor Neonbasu. "PERSPEKTIF BUDAYA MARITIM INDONESIA (Sebuah Refleksi Sejarah Antropologi Oseania)." ETNOREFLIKA: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya 11, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 152–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33772/etnoreflika.v11i2.1264.

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This article discusses two basic points: firstly, Indonesian Maritime Trade and secondly, Oceanic Anthropological History. The first point will be studied in classical comprehension spectrum related to maritime wealth and the image of Indonesians’ competency image in the past all at once. The second point focuses on anthropological speculation concerning unity and wholeness of various lands in Oceania. Some official sources become the reference in this article, including our study that has been conducted for almost 6 years, since 2015 – today (2020) and is still continued. Specific source becoming special reference in this article is the application of historical reflection by Bernard H.M. Vlekke entitled Nusantara: A History of Indonesia (1961), a work revealing the historical evidence of Archipelagic (Indonesian) civilization in the past.

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Mitra, Ryan. "India’s approach to Oceania: Engaging the Pacific Island countries." Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India 15, no. 2 (July 3, 2019): 134–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2020.1712001.

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12

O'Connor, Sue, and Rintaro Ono. "The case for complex fishing technologies: a response to Anderson." Antiquity 87, no. 337 (September 1, 2013): 885–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00049553.

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For one who is so intent on factual accuracy and precision in others, Anderson is surprisingly lenient on himself, and misrepresents our arguments. Some points of clarification are required before we proceed to address the more substantive issues regarding Pleistocene fishing and fishing technology. In the introduction to his critique, Anderson (above) states that "in regard to Wallacea, O'Connell et al. (2010: 60) cite" the evidence for fishing at Buang Merabak and Kilu Cave (Papua New Guinea), and Jerimalai (Timor-Leste) and that they conclude that "these data are best read to indicate angling from boats well offshore". Firstly, as outlined in O'Connor et al. (2011) Wallacea is a strictly defined biogeographic region which comprises the Indonesian Islands lying to the east of Sundaland and to the west of Sahul and Near Oceania. Kilu Cave and Buang Merabak are in Near Oceania, not in Wallacea, and while the two island regions share depauperate terrestrial faunas the biota of the two are very different.

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Ferreira, Joao J. M., Cristina Fernandes, and Vanessa Ratten. "The effects of technology transfers and institutional factors on economic growth: evidence from Europe and Oceania." Journal of Technology Transfer 44, no. 5 (April 8, 2019): 1505–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10961-019-09730-3.

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14

Bamber, J., and R. Riva. "The sea level fingerprint of 21st century ice mass fluxes." Cryosphere Discussions 4, no. 3 (September 3, 2010): 1593–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-4-1593-2010.

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Abstract. The sea level contribution from glacial sources has been accelerating during the 21st century (Meier et al., 2007; Velicogna, 2009). This contribution is not distributed uniformly across the world's oceans due to both oceanographic and gravitational effects. We compute the sea level signature of 21st century ice mass fluxes due to changes in the gravity field, Earth's rotation and related effects. Mass loss from Greenland results in a relative sea level (RSL) reduction for much of North Western Europe and Eastern Canada. RSL rise from this source is concentrated around South America. Losses in West Antarctica marginally compensate for this and produce maxima along the coastlines of North America, Australia and Oceania. The combined far-field pattern of wastage from all ice melt sources, is dominated by losses from the ice sheets and results in maxima at latitudes between 20° N and 40° S across the Pacific and Indian Oceans, affecting particularly vulnerable land masses in Oceania. The spatial pattern of RSL variations due to the observed ice mass loss is temporally invariant. Thus, sea level rise, based on the land ice losses considered here, will be amplified for this sensitive region.

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15

Koller, Eve, and Malayah Thompson. "The Representation of Indigenous Languages of Oceania in Academic Publications." Publications 9, no. 2 (May 8, 2021): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/publications9020020.

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Of the estimated 7117 languages in the world, approximately 1500 (21%) are indigenous to the Pacific. Despite composing approximately one-fourth of the world’s linguistic diversity, the representation of these languages in academic publication is scant, even in periodicals focused on Pacific Island studies. We investigated 34 periodicals that focus on research in Oceania. We report on (1) journal names; (2) how many are currently in circulation; (3) how many accept submissions in Indigenous Pacific languages; (4) what percent of the most recent articles were actually in Indigenous languages of the Pacific and (5) which languages those were. Five of the 34 journals allowed submissions written in Indigenous Pacific languages. Three of the five journals specified Hawaiian as an accepted language of publication; one Sāmoan and one Tahitian and any other Indigenous language of Polynesia. We were able to collect data on four of the five journals, which averaged 11% of recent publications in an Indigenous language. None accepted submissions in Indigenous languages from the Pacific outside of Polynesia.

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Bamber, J., and R. Riva. "The sea level fingerprint of recent ice mass fluxes." Cryosphere 4, no. 4 (December 21, 2010): 621–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-4-621-2010.

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Abstract. The sea level contribution from glacial sources has been accelerating during the first decade of the 21st Century (Meier et al., 2007; Velicogna, 2009). This contribution is not distributed uniformly across the world's oceans due to both oceanographic and gravitational effects. We compute the sea level signature for ice mass fluxes due to changes in the gravity field, Earth's rotation and related effects for the nine year period 2000–2008. Mass loss from Greenland results in a relative sea level (RSL) reduction for much of North Western Europe and Eastern Canada. RSL rise from this source is concentrated around South America. Losses in West Antarctica marginally compensate for this and produce maxima along the coastlines of North America, Australia and Oceania. The combined far-field pattern of wastage from all ice melt sources, is dominated by losses from the ice sheets and results in maxima at latitudes between 20° N and 40° S across the Pacific and Indian Oceans, affecting particularly vulnerable land masses in Oceania. The spatial pattern of RSL variations from ice mass losses used in this study is time-invariant and cumulative. Thus, sea level rise, based on the gravitational effects from the ice losses considered here, will be amplified for this sensitive region.

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17

Trinder, John C. "THE CURRENT STATUS OF MAPPING IN THE WORLD – SPOTLIGHT ON OCEANIA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B4 (June 13, 2016): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b4-95-2016.

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A summary is presented of the results of questionnaires sent to mapping agencies in Oceania, covering Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Island countries, to investigate the status of mapping in those countries. After World War II, the Australian Federal Government funded the initial small scale mapping of the whole country leading to increased percentages of map coverage of Australia. Mapping at larger scales is undertaken by the states and territories in Australia, including cadastral mapping. In New Zealand mapping is maintained by Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) at 1:50,000 scale and smaller with regular updating. The results of the questionnaires also demonstrate the extent of map coverage in six Pacific Islands, but there is little information available on the actual percent coverage. Overall there are estimated to be an increases in the percentages of coverage of most map scales in Oceania. However, there appear to be insufficient professionals in most Pacific Island countries to maintain the mapping programs. Given that many Pacific Island countries will be impacted by rising sea level in the future, better mapping of these countries is essential. The availability of modern technology especially satellite images, digital aerial photography and airborne lidar data should enable the Pacific Island countries to provide better map products in future, but this would depend on foreign aid on many occasions.

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Trinder, John C. "THE CURRENT STATUS OF MAPPING IN THE WORLD – SPOTLIGHT ON OCEANIA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B4 (June 13, 2016): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b4-95-2016.

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A summary is presented of the results of questionnaires sent to mapping agencies in Oceania, covering Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Island countries, to investigate the status of mapping in those countries. After World War II, the Australian Federal Government funded the initial small scale mapping of the whole country leading to increased percentages of map coverage of Australia. Mapping at larger scales is undertaken by the states and territories in Australia, including cadastral mapping. In New Zealand mapping is maintained by Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) at 1:50,000 scale and smaller with regular updating. The results of the questionnaires also demonstrate the extent of map coverage in six Pacific Islands, but there is little information available on the actual percent coverage. Overall there are estimated to be an increases in the percentages of coverage of most map scales in Oceania. However, there appear to be insufficient professionals in most Pacific Island countries to maintain the mapping programs. Given that many Pacific Island countries will be impacted by rising sea level in the future, better mapping of these countries is essential. The availability of modern technology especially satellite images, digital aerial photography and airborne lidar data should enable the Pacific Island countries to provide better map products in future, but this would depend on foreign aid on many occasions.

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19

Robie, David. "Pacific Media Watch and protest in Oceania: An investigative free media case study." Pacific Journalism Review 20, no. 1 (May 31, 2014): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v20i1.186.

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In the past three decades, global and regional media freedom advocacy and activist groups have multiplied as risks to journalists and media workers have escalated. Nowhere has this trend been so marked as in the Oceania region where some four organisations have developed a media freedom role. Of these, one is unique in that while it has had a regional mission for almost two decades, it has been continuously based at four university journalism schools in Australia, Fiji, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea. Pacific Media Watch was founded as an independent, non-profit and non-government network by two journalism academics in the Australian Centre for Independent Journalism (ACIJ) at the University of Technology, Sydney. Its genesis was the jailing of two Taimi ‘o Tonga journalists, ‘Ekalafi Moala and Filokalafi ‘Akau’ola, and a ‘whistleblowing’ pro-democracy member of Parliament in Tonga, ‘Akilisi Pohiva, for alleged contempt in September 1996. PMW played a role in the campaign to free the three men. Since then, the agency has developed an investigative journalism strategy to challenge issues of ethics, media freedom, industry ownership, cross-cultural diversity and media plurality. One of PMW’s journalists won the 2013 Dart Asia-Pacific Centre for Journalism and Trauma Prize for an investigation into torture and social media in Fiji. This article presents a case study of the PMW project and examines its history and purpose as a catalyst for independent journalists, educator journalists, citizen journalists and critical journalists in a broader trajectory of Pacific protest.Figure 1: A Pacific Media Watch Fiji torture and social media investigation series won the Dart Asia-Pacific Centre trauma journalism prize in 2013.

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Sedjo, Roger A. "The role of forest plantations in the world's future timber supply." Forestry Chronicle 77, no. 2 (April 1, 2001): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc77221-2.

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The nature of society's wood supply is changing. Traditionally, industrial wood has been harvested from natural forests created by nature. In the recent past, however, this situation has been changing. Planted forests have become common in some regions, e.g., much of Europe, over the past 200 years. Recently, since about 1960, intensively managed forest plantations have become increasingly common in a number of regions, including North America, Latin America, Oceania and parts of Asia. This paper explores some of the forces driving plantation forestry and some of the impacts. The experience of the U.S. is given as a type of "case study" of the types of changes that have occurred, and then a broader global discussion is undertaken. The effects of policy, technology and public attitudes on forestry are examined, both as they have influenced the past and as they are likely to impact forestry in the future. Key words: plantations, intensive management, forest policy, technology, public attitudes

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Knight, J. M., D. J. Campbell, K. L. Meyer, and R. S. Clark. "Analysis of Health Technology assessment requirements in 7 Asia Oceania Countries/regions: comparison of evidentiary requirements for standard and Orphan Drugs." Value in Health 18, no. 3 (May 2015): A94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2015.03.553.

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JENKINS, AARON, PIERRE HORWITZ, and KERRY ARABENA. "My island home: place-based integration of conservation and public health in Oceania." Environmental Conservation 45, no. 2 (February 23, 2018): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892918000061.

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SUMMARYOceania can be characterized by a richness of culture, biodiversity and natural resources and a particular future that the changing climate will bring to islands, livelihoods and ecosystems. We reviewed literature detailing the limitations of siloed approaches to public health and conservation action for regional sustainability, highlighting opportunities for regional integration as place-based, through activities that are locally relevant, innovative engagement across a broader variety of sectors and working with indigenous peoples’ knowledges. We present three case studies that extend and redefine the boundaries of the fields of public health and conservation, enabling collaborators to better respond to complex issues impacting biodiversity and human health. These case studies make explicit the links between nutrition, catchment management, water resources, fisheries, marine protected areas and communicable and non-communicable diseases. Public health and conservation are more meaningfully connected in place-based, reciprocal and compassionate activities, using common language to draw on the well-developed instruments of both sectors. These will include health impact assessments and combine health and ecological economics, which together will contribute to responding to an emergent set of challenges, namely human population increase, urbanization, overfishing and more severe aspects of climate change.

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Narayanan, Badri G., Rahul Sen, Sadhana Srivastava, and Somya Mathur. "A method to analyze the sectoral impact of Fiscal support for COVID-19 affected economies: The case of Oceania." MethodsX 8 (2021): 101293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2021.101293.

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GARIN, Artyom A. "AUKUS AND THE SOUTH PACIFIC: FOREIGN POLICY AND SECURITY IMPLICATIONS FOR AUSTRALIA." Southeast Asia: Actual Problems of Development, no. 1 (54) (2022): 223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2072-8271-2022-1-1-54-223-233.

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The United States, the UK and Australia continue to enhance defence cooperation in the dual space of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. These powers announced the establishing of a trilateral security pact AUKUS on September 15, 2021. The U.S. will transfer nuclear submarine technology to Australia but the nature of AUKUS implies a broader technological interaction between the parties. Despite the Anglosphere's attempts to indicate that their actions aren't directed against any power, all their actions reveal intensifying rivalry with the People's Republic of China (PRC). This article examines the nature of AUKUS and the reasons for its appearance. Special attention is paid to the influence of the alliance on the Fifth Continent's defense capabilities and its domestic policy dimension. At the same time, the author analyzes the impact of AUKUS on Australia's relations with the countries of Southeast Asia and Oceania.

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Klontzas, Michael. "Editorial." Journal of Digital Media & Policy 13, no. 3 (October 1, 2022): 329–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jdmp_00110_2.

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This editorial is an overview of the six articles in this issue representing Africa, Asia, Europe and Oceania. Ahmed Omar Bali, Sherko Jabar, Hazhar Jalal and Mahdi Sofi-Karim look at post-Saddam Iraq and the rise of digital media entrepreneurialism. Veronique Wavre examines policy diffusion from the European Union to Jordan and Morocco. Diah Yuniarti and Sri Ariyanti analyse Singapore, Japan and Malaysia’s engagement with different integrated broadcast-broadband (IBB) technologies. Eylem Yanardağoğlu examines news consumption behaviour of youth in Greece and Turkey. Brighton Nyagadza’s systematic literature review generates themes around social media and search engine marketing (SEM) trends in Africa and around the world. Claire Henry investigates to what extent and in what ways media literacy affects regulation in New Zealand as an intended policy outcome.

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Ubaid, Ayesha, Farookh Hussain, and Muhammad Saqib. "Container Shipment Demand Forecasting in the Australian Shipping Industry: A Case Study of Asia–Oceania Trade Lane." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 9 (September 6, 2021): 968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9090968.

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Demand forecasting has a pivotal role in making informed business decisions by predicting future sales using historical data. Traditionally, demand forecasting has been widely used in the management of production, staffing and warehousing for sales and marketing data. However, the use of demand forecasting has little been studied in the container shipping industry. Improved visibility into the demand for container shipments has been a long-held objective of industry stakeholders. This paper addresses the shortcomings of both short-term and long-term shipment demand forecasting for the Australian container shipping industry. In this study, we compare three forecasting models, namely, the seasonal auto-regressive integrated moving average (SARIMA), Holt–Winters’ seasonal method and Facebook’s Prophet, to find the best fitting model for short-term and long-term import demand forecasting in the Australian shipping industry. Demand data from three years, i.e., 2016–2018, is used for the Asia–Oceania trade lane. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), root mean squared error (RMSE) and 2-fold walk-forward cross-validation are used for the model evaluation. The experiment results observed from the selected metrics suggest that Prophet outperforms the other models in its comparison for container shipment demand forecasting.

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Ovdiyenko, Irina, Tatyana Chausova, Brukhovetska Oleksandra, Verbytska Liudmyla, and Gorova Olena. "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on academic, social, emotional, and behavioral changes in university students." International journal of health sciences 6, no. 2 (June 5, 2022): 832–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6n2.8392.

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During the early COVID-19 pandemic, the educational system suffered significant setbacks. Because face-to-face communication opportunities were limited, a modern approach through a distance system was adopted. Most studies have examined the impact of pandemics on the activities and lives of workers, few scholars observe how students cope with the changes. The purpose of this study is to understand the impact of pandemics on higher education students by considering academic, social, emotional, and behavioral changes. More than 10 questions were used in this paper to represent four categories related to students' lives. The study included 1,227 students from five continents: Asia, Europe, America, Africa, and Oceania. The study showed that students have no difficulty learning the available technology to help them with their studies. In addition, they are socially active in different networks, maintain positive emotions and personal hygiene. demonstrating an understanding of the pandemic situation and concern for public safety. The data showed that the shift to online learning did not affect students' attitudes toward education in general. Although the use of social media has increased, students' communication habits have remained unchanged.

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Moreira, Marcílio Nunes, Élia Karina de Carvalho Costa, Sérgio Luiz Rodrigues Donato, and Narendra Narain. "Perfil fitoquímico e propriedade antioxidante de diferentes genótipos de frutos do umbuzeiro (Spondias tuberosa Arruda Câmara): uma revisão." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 16 (December 6, 2021): e58101623116. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i16.23116.

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O umbuzeiro, planta pertencente ao gênero das Spondias e família Anacardiaceae, possui 18 espécies que estão localizadas nas Américas, Ásia e Oceania. O fruto tem recebido destaque no mercado nacional e internacional por sua variedade de compostos bioativos, que apresentam efeitos nutracêuticos e terapêuticos. Entretanto, um melhor aproveitamento pode ser obtido através do conhecimento da variabilidade genética desses frutos. Diante disso, objetivou-se realizar uma revisão a respeito da composição bioativa e química como também da atividade antioxidante de frutos de umbu em relação a variação destes parâmetros entre diferentes genótipos do fruto. Apesar das boas propriedades físico-químicas, nutricionais, sensoriais, nutracêuticas e terapêuticas, os frutos do umbuzeiro apresentam comercialização limitada aos locais onde são produzidos devido ao período de sazonalidade, por esta razão, conhecer as características e propriedades específicas de cada genótipo dos frutos do umbuzeiro é de extrema importância, uma vez que, conhecendo tais propriedades, é possível apontar diferentes formas de processamento, melhorias nas técnicas de cultivo, colheita, beneficiamento e processamento e aumento da produtividade, entre outros.

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Vasconcelos, Gabriela Brito, Nataly Pereira da Costa, Alice Kelly Barreira, and Viviane Colares. "The health of children and adolescents in foster care: a scoping review." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 13 (October 5, 2021): e101101321035. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i13.21035.

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Providing healthcare to foster minors is challenging, given the family and institutional risk factors. This scoping review aimed to identify characteristics of articles on these minors’ health, published in PubMed from 2010 to 2020, following the Joanna Briggs model. The research question was developed with the PCC acronym. Half of the 252 articles were from the United States; most were from the Health Sciences, then multidisciplinary ones, and from the Human Sciences. Under Health, Medicine published the most, then Dentistry, Public Health, Nursing, Nutrition, and Pharmacy. Psychology represented the Human Sciences. In Medicine, there were studies from Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Endocrinology, and Parasitology. The participation of Pediatrics, Psychology/Psychiatry, and Dentistry increased over time. The types of care (of which, foster care and child welfare system were the most prevalent) associated with continents, reflecting a deinstitutionalization in America, Europe, and Oceania. The most approached health topics were mental, physical, and oral health, and the need for health services. The increased number of health publications, predominantly in developed countries and addressing various problems, confirms this group’s vulnerability, evidencing the need for public policies.

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Yam, Jerald, Daniel R. Bogema, Melinda L. Micallef, Steven P. Djordjevic, and Cheryl Jenkins. "Complete Genomes of Theileria orientalis Chitose and Buffeli Genotypes Reveal within Species Translocations and Differences in ABC Transporter Content." Pathogens 11, no. 7 (July 15, 2022): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11070801.

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Theileria orientalis causes losses to cattle producers in Eastern Asia, Oceania and, more recently, North America. One pathogenic genotype (Ikeda) has been sequenced to the chromosomal level, while only draft genomes exist for globally distributed Chitose and Buffeli genotypes. To provide an accurate comparative gene-level analysis and help further understand their pathogenicity, we sequenced isolates of the Chitose and Buffeli genotypes of T. orientalis using long-read sequencing technology. A combination of several long-read assembly methods and short reads produced chromosomal-level assemblies for both Fish Creek (Chitose) and Goon Nure (Buffeli) isolates, including the first complete and circular apicoplast genomes generated for T. orientalis. Comparison with the Shintoku (Ikeda) reference sequence showed both large and small translocations in T. orientalis Buffeli, between chromosomes 2 and 3 and chromosomes 1 and 4, respectively. Ortholog clustering showed expansion of ABC transporter genes in Chitose and Buffeli. However, differences in several genes of unknown function, including DUF529/FAINT-domain-containing proteins, were also identified and these genes were more prevalent in Ikeda and Chitose genotypes. Phylogenetics and similarity measures were consistent with previous short-read genomic analysis. The generation of chromosomal sequences for these highly prevalent T. orientalis genotypes will also support future studies of population genetics and mixed genotype infections.

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Khosravi-Darani, Kianoush, Yasir Rehman, Ioannis A. Katsoyiannis, Evgenios Kokkinos, and Anastasios I. Zouboulis. "Arsenic Exposure via Contaminated Water and Food Sources." Water 14, no. 12 (June 11, 2022): 1884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14121884.

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Arsenic poisoning constitutes a major threat to humans, causing various health problems. Almost everywhere across the world certain “hotspots” have been detected, putting in danger the local populations, due to the potential consumption of water or food contaminated with elevated concentrations of arsenic. According to the relevant studies, Asia shows the highest percentage of significantly contaminated sites, followed by North America, Europe, Africa, South America and Oceania. The presence of arsenic in ecosystems can originate from several natural or anthropogenic activities. Arsenic can be then gradually accumulated in different food sources, such as vegetables, rice and other crops, but also in seafood, etc., and in water sources (mainly in groundwater, but also to a lesser extent in surface water), potentially used as drinking-water supplies, provoking their contamination and therefore potential health problems to the consumers. This review reports the major areas worldwide that present elevated arsenic concentrations in food and water sources. Furthermore, it also discusses the sources of arsenic contamination at these sites, as well as selected treatment technologies, aiming to remove this pollutant mainly from the contaminated waters and thus the reduction and prevention of population towards arsenic exposure.

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Bongomin, Ocident, Eric Oyondi Nganyi, Mfanga Ramadhani Abswaidi, Emmanuel Hitiyise, and Godias Tumusiime. "Sustainable and Dynamic Competitiveness towards Technological Leadership of Industry 4.0: Implications for East African Community." Journal of Engineering 2020 (June 1, 2020): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8545281.

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The war to technology and economic powers has been the driver for industrialization in most developed countries. The first industrial revolution (industry 1.0) earned millions for textile mill owners, while the second industrial revolution (industry 2.0) opened the way for tycoons and captains of industry such as Henry Ford, John D. Rockefeller, and J.P. Morgan. The third industrial revolution (industry 3.0) engendered technology giants such as Apple and Microsoft and made magnates of men such as Bill Gates and Steve Jobs. Now, the race for the fourth industrial revolution (industry 4.0) is on and there is no option, and every country whether developed or developing must participate. Many countries have positively responded to industry 4.0 by developing strategic initiatives to strengthen industry 4.0 implementation. Unlocking the country’s potential to industry 4.0 has been of interest to researchers in the recent past. However, the extent to which industry 4.0 initiatives are being launched globally has never been divulged. Therefore, the present study aimed at exploring industry 4.0 initiatives through a comprehensive electronic survey of the literature to estimate the extent of their launching in different regions. Inferences were drawn from industry 4.0 initiatives in developed nations to be used as the recommendations for the East African Community. Results of the survey revealed that 117 industry 4.0 initiatives have been launched in 56 countries worldwide consisting of five regions: Europe (37%), North America (28%), Asia and Oceania (17%), Latin America and the Caribbean (10%), and Middle East and Africa (8%). The worldwide percentage was estimated as 25%. This revealed that there is a big gap existing between countries in the race for industry 4.0.

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Lizcano-Toledo, Rodolfo, Marino Pedro Reyes-Martín, Luisella Celi, and Emilia Fernández-Ondoño. "Phosphorus Dynamics in the Soil–Plant–Environment Relationship in Cropping Systems: A Review." Applied Sciences 11, no. 23 (November 24, 2021): 11133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112311133.

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This work performs a review of the relevant aspects of agronomic dynamics of phosphorus (P) in the soil–plant relationship as a community (crop ecophysiology), the effect of environmental conditions and global warming on the redistribution and translocation of P in some crop, and the use of good agricultural practices with the aim of improving the efficiency of the element. The research focuses on Northern Europe, North-Eastern Asia, Oceania, North America, and the tropical area of Latin America. This review covers general research and specific works on P found in the literature, 70% of which date from the last 10 years, as well as some older studies that have been of great relevance as references and starting points for more recent investigations. The dynamics of P in a system implies taking into account genetic aspects of the plant, component of the soil–plant–fertilizer–environment relationship, and use of technologies at the molecular level. In addition, in a climate change scenario, the availability of this element can significantly change depending on whether it is labile or non-labile.

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VAN DER GEER, ALEXANDRA A. E. "Changing invaders: trends of gigantism in insular introduced rats." Environmental Conservation 45, no. 3 (March 14, 2018): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892918000085.

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SUMMARYThe degree and direction of morphological change in invasive species with a long history of introduction are insufficiently known for a larger scale than the archipelago or island group. Here, I analyse data for 105 island populations of Polynesian rats,Rattus exulans, covering the entirety of Oceania and Wallacea to test whether body size differs in insular populations and, if so, what biotic and abiotic features are correlated with it. All insular populations of this rat, except one, exhibit body sizes up to twice the size of their mainland conspecifics. Body size of insular populations is positively correlated with latitude, consistent with thermoregulatory predictions based on Bergmann's rule. Body size is negatively correlated with number of co-occurring mammalian species, confirming an ecological hypothesis of the island rule. The largest rats are found in the temperate zone of New Zealand, as well as on mammalian species-poor islands of Polynesia and the Solomon Islands. Carnivory in the form of predation on nesting seabird colonies seems to promote 1.4- to 1.9-fold body size increases.

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Xu, Xuan, and Zhengyong Yang. "Does aquatic products trade waste or save water resources? An analysis of virtual water trade." Water Policy 24, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 305–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2022.156.

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Abstract China is the largest producer and exporter of aquatic products. While earning foreign exchange, its implied water resources output could not be denied. Against the background of promoting water resources and food security, whether aquatic products trade can also achieve the purpose of water-saving has become a topic worthy of attention. Based on the idea of the quality and energy conservation law, this study uses the physical value input–output table and the fish growth model, and calculates the output and input of China's aquatic products virtual water trade indirectly by fishery water coefficient and virtual water of feed crops. The results show that while China's aquatic products trade is water-saving in general, it is water-wasting in some parts, and its environmental function needs to be improved. In particular, the aquatic products trade with South Asia, Central Asia, Northern Europe, North America, South America and Oceania is virtual water net import, while that with other regions is virtual water net export. The trade of shellfish and marine fish is water-saving, while that of mollusk, crustacean and freshwater fish is water-wasting. China, as a globally responsible power, should try to dynamically optimize the trade structure of aquatic products.

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Vásquez, José Luis Álvarez, Nathaly Fernanda Parra Solano, Gabriela Elizabeth Saavedra-Cornejo, and Ximena Elizabeth Espinosa-Vásquez. "Global use of Ethnomedicinal Plants to Treat Toothache." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 15, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 847–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2421.

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Toothache is one of the most common global health problems, and medicinal plants are widely used to relieve the associated pain and inflammation. Several studies have been conducted on the use of plants to treat toothache, but no study has comprehensively assessed the types of plants and the mechanisms of action of the phytochemical compounds involved in their analgesic effect. This review aims to bridge this gap. This is the first review to collect a large volume of data on the global use of medicinal plants used in the treatment of toothache. It presents the relevant information for dentists, researchers, and academics on using medicinal plants to treat toothache. We found that preclinical studies and state-of-the-art technology hold promise for furthering our knowledge of this important topic. In total, 21 species of medicinal plants used to treat toothache were found in America, 29 in Europe, 192 in Africa, 112 in Asia, and 10 in Oceania. The most common species were Allium sativum, Allium cepa, Acmella oleracea, Jatropha curcas, Jatropha gossypiifolia, and Syzygium aromaticum. The most commonly found family of medicinal plants was Asteraceae, followed by Solanaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rutaceae, and Myrtaceae. The most common phytochemicals found were flavonoids, terpenes, polyphenols, and alkaloids. The reported mechanisms of action involved in toothache analgesia were antioxidant effects, effects mediated by transient receptor potential channels, the γ-aminobutyric acid mechanism, and the cyclooxygenase/lipoxygenase anti-inflammatory mechanism.

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Manee, Manee M., Badr M. Al-Shomrani, Musaad A. Altammami, Hamadttu A. F. El-Shafie, Atheer A. Alsayah, Fahad M. Alhoshani, and Fahad H. Alqahtani. "Microsatellite Variation in the Most Devastating Beetle Pests (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) of Agricultural and Forest Crops." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 17 (August 30, 2022): 9847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179847.

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Weevils, classified in the family Curculionidae (true weevils), constitute a group of phytophagous insects of which many species are considered significant pests of crops. Within this family, the red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, has an integral role in destroying crops and has invaded all countries of the Middle East and many in North Africa, Southern Europe, Southeast Asia, Oceania, and the Caribbean Islands. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs), also termed microsatellites, have become the DNA marker technology most applied to study population structure, evolution, and genetic diversity. Although these markers have been widely examined in many mammalian and plant species, and draft genome assemblies are available for many species of true weevils, very little is yet known about SSRs in weevil genomes. Here we carried out a comparative analysis examining and comparing the relative abundance, relative density, and GC content of SSRs in previously sequenced draft genomes of nine true weevils, with an emphasis on R. ferrugineus. We also used Illumina paired-end sequencing to generate draft sequence for adult female RPW and characterized it in terms of perfect SSRs with 1–6 bp nucleotide motifs. Among weevil genomes, mono- to trinucleotide SSRs were the most frequent, and mono-, di-, and hexanucleotide SSRs exhibited the highest GC content. In these draft genomes, SSR number and genome size were significantly correlated. This work will aid our understanding of the genome architecture and evolution of Curculionidae weevils and facilitate exploring SSR molecular marker development in these species.

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Nosa, Vili, and Kitione Veitogavi. "A REVIEW OF MEDICAL TOURISM AND HOW IS IT APPLICABLE TO THE ISLAND OF FIJI." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 12 (December 19, 2021): 149–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.812.11366.

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The purpose of this study is to undertake a literature review on the theme of medical tourism. We will use Fiji as a case study. The paper uses a systemic review of secondary data with a comprehensive data extraction methodology to match the subject areas with the specific countries being investigated. This literature review used 61 articles. Most medical tourism cases are driven by a desire for more economical healthcare services than those in most medical tourists' home nations. In order to drive essential improvements, the quality of services encourages investment in technology and facilities in medical tourism-active countries. With increased medical tourism investment and patient numbers, Asian Pacific countries have gained substantial foreign revenue. There are also many questions and uncertainties, despite the many positive aspects of medical tourism, such as the lack of a database to store patient records anywhere in the world or on the ground, growing medical tourism difficulties for local health services, and social and political factors such as corruption, political wars, and government uncertainty, all of which can have a significant impact on a country's medical care. Fiji has begun efforts to develop its medical tourism sector, setting up Oceania Hospital, and investing in Ba and Lautoka hospitals, operated and equipped by the Health Care Fiji brand. However, Fiji requires extensive government support, skilled and qualified personnel, valuable partnerships in its local sector, and infrastructural upgrades to incorporate medical tourism fully.

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Chao, Fengqing, Patrick Gerland, Alex R. Cook, and Leontine Alkema. "Systematic assessment of the sex ratio at birth for all countries and estimation of national imbalances and regional reference levels." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 19 (April 15, 2019): 9303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1812593116.

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The sex ratio at birth (SRB; ratio of male to female live births) imbalance in parts of the world over the past few decades is a direct consequence of sex-selective abortion, driven by the coexistence of son preference, readily available technology of prenatal sex determination, and fertility decline. Estimation of the degree of SRB imbalance is complicated because of unknown SRB reference levels and because of the uncertainty associated with SRB observations. There are needs for reproducible methods to construct SRB estimates with uncertainty, and to assess SRB inflation due to sex-selective abortion. We compile an extensive database from vital registration systems, censuses and surveys with 10,835 observations, and 16,602 country-years of information from 202 countries. We develop Bayesian methods for SRB estimation for all countries from 1950 to 2017. We model the SRB regional and national reference levels, the fluctuation around national reference levels, and the inflation. The estimated regional reference levels range from 1.031 (95% uncertainty interval [1.027; 1.036]) in sub-Saharan Africa to 1.063 [1.055; 1.072] in southeastern Asia, 1.063 [1.054; 1.072] in eastern Asia, and 1.067 [1.058; 1.077] in Oceania. We identify 12 countries with strong statistical evidence of SRB imbalance during 1970–2017, resulting in 23.1 [19.0; 28.3] million missing female births globally. The majority of those missing female births are in China, with 11.9 [8.5; 15.8] million, and in India, with 10.6 [8.0; 13.6] million.

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Kaushik, Mohit Kant, and Deepak Verma. "Determinants of digital learning acceptance behavior." Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education 12, no. 4 (August 6, 2019): 659–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jarhe-06-2018-0105.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review existing literature on users’ digital learning acceptance behavior and to identify gaps in the current body of knowledge and suggest future research directions. The paper also includes identification of motivating as well as inhibiting factors previously explored by academicians in the acceptance of digital learning. Design/methodology/approach The systematic literature review based on PRISMA methodology was conducted, and 200 articles from peer-reviewed journals on digital learning acceptance behavior using technology adoption theories were examined. Findings The study found an overall rise in the number of papers published yearly during 2002–2017. Most of the studies were published in two journals, i.e. Computers & Education and Computers in Human Behaviour and were carried out in Asia followed by Europe, North America, Africa, Oceania and South America. It was also noted that most of the studies have used the technology acceptance model and were empirical in nature. The study also found that prominently students’ digital learning acceptance behavior was investigated. The review also indicates a lack of qualitative and mixed method (qualitative and quantitative) approaches to study digital learning acceptance behavior. Practical implications The study identified gaps in the current body of knowledge by reviewing published articles that will suggest future directions for further research. The top three determinants of digital learning acceptance that have been analyzed were the behavioral intention, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, followed by attitude and user behavior. The study articulates the implications for providers in marketing digital learning products, for higher education institution in expanding digital content, for students seeking digital education tools, for educators in motivating students to accept digital learning and for governments in delivering cost-effective public education by utilizing digital learning. Originality/value The paper analyzes 200 publications on digital learning acceptance through technology adoption theories. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first initiative to provide systematic and exhaustive summarization of the knowledge in this subject. It further explores the various factors influencing digital learning adoption behavior and provides avenues for future research. The paper is useful for researchers working on digital learning acceptance behavior.

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Glausiusz, Josie. "Oceania's musical technology." Nature 463, no. 7283 (February 2010): 882. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/463882a.

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Ranathunga, Kapuruge Nishika Oshadini, and M. R. Sooriyarachchi. "A study of the effect of water quality-related variables on some age-related diseases adjusted for other well-known risk factors: a multivariate multilevel study." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 7, no. 3 (July 14, 2017): 416–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2017.118.

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Mortality rates of some diseases are affected by water quality. This research examines the roles of two factors related to water quality, namely the quality of drinking water termed ‘water’ and the quality of sanitation termed ‘sanitation’. Two age-related diseases, cardiovascular disease and diabetes (CDD) and chronic respiratory conditions (CRC) are considered while adjusting for personal health issues, environmental and geographical factors. The dataset consists of worldwide mortality rates of adults for the mentioned diseases in 195 countries. These countries are clustered within continents geographically and literature shows the importance of considering the geographical effect of a continent. Furthermore, the two diseases were highly related to each other. Accordingly, the multivariate multilevel model was fitted to the dataset. The results indicated that when the usage of improved drinking water sources and sanitation facilities decreases, the chance of mortality from the two diseases increases. Furthermore, the difference in the risk of the diseases was statistically significant between the continents. It showed that North America and Europe had a lower risk of having CDD and CRC compared to Asia and Oceania. Therefore, the results revealed that the factors ‘water’ and ‘sanitation’ play important roles for this macro geographical variation of CDD and CRC.

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Soboksa, Negasa Eshete, Beekam Kebede Olkeba, Belay Negassa, Habtamu Endashaw Hareru, and Dinkinesh Begna Gudeta. "Unsafe fecal disposal practices in children and the nexus with childhood diarrhea in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 12, no. 11 (October 25, 2022): 742–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2022.040.

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Abstract In household environments, the improper handling of children's feces can be a significant contaminant, raising a high risk of child exposure. Thus, the objective of this study was to pool the available evidence on the prevalence of safe child feces disposal practices and their association with reported childhood diarrhea in low-income and middle-income countries. PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane Library databases, Ovid Medline, Google Scholar, and references of other studies were searched. The search was limited to studies published in English-language literature. Two independent reviewers used an appropriate tool to critically appraise the selected studies. Stata version 16 was used for the analysis. The pooled prevalence of unsafe disposal of children's feces among 20 studies was 52.63% (95% CI: 0.43–0.62). Overall, the meta-analysis found that unsafe disposal practices insignificantly increased the risk of diarrhea by 4% (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.84–1.24). In the subgroup analysis, unsafe disposal of children's feces decreased the risk of diarrhea in Oceania (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.62–0.88) and increased in Asia (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.25–1.41). In conclusion, the prevalence of unsafe child feces disposal practices was high. There was no significant association between unsafe child feces disposal practices and diarrhea.

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Bhargava, Sameer, Kåre Moen, Samera Azeem Qureshi, and Solveig Hofvind. "Mammographic screening attendance among immigrant and minority women: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Acta Radiologica 59, no. 11 (February 16, 2018): 1285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185118758132.

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Background Groups of immigrant and minority women are more often diagnosed with advanced stage breast cancer than other women. Mammographic screening aims to reduce mortality from breast cancer through early detection in asymptomatic women. Purpose To compare mammographic screening attendance among immigrant and minority women to that of other women. Material and Methods A literature search of PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane identified 1369 papers published between January 1995 and March 2016. In the review, we included 33 studies investigating mammographic screening attendance among immigrant and/or minority women. In a meta-analysis, we included 19 of the studies that compared attendance among immigrant and/or minority women with that among other women, using a random effects model. Results The review included studies from Europe, North America, and Oceania, with 42,666,093 observations of opportunities for mammographic screening. Attendance was generally lower among immigrant and minority women compared to other women (46.2% vs. 55.0%; odds ratio = 0.64, 95% confidence interval = 0.56–0.73; P < 0.05, I2 = 99.9%). Non-Western immigrants had lower attendance rates than other immigrants. Conclusion Immigrant and minority women had lower mammographic screening attendance than other women, which could potentially put them at increased risk for more advanced breast cancer. This review emphasizes the importance of continued efforts to engage with the preventative health needs of diverse populations in attempts to achieve equality in access to, and use of, care.

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Zhang, Zhaoming, Tengfei Long, Guojin He, Mingyue Wei, Chao Tang, Wei Wang, Guizhou Wang, Wenqing She, and Xiaomei Zhang. "Study on Global Burned Forest Areas Based on Landsat Data." Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 86, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 503–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14358/pers.86.8.503.

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Forests are an extremely valuable natural resource for human development. Satellite remote sensing technology has been widely used in global and regional forest monitoring and management. Accurate data on forest degradation and disturbances due to forest fire is important to understand forest ecosystem health and forest cover conditions. For a long time, satellite-based global burned area products were only available at coarse native spatial resolution, which was difficult for detecting small and highly fragmented fires. In order to analyze global burned forest areas at finer spatial resolution, in this study a novel, multi-year 30 meter resolution global burned forest area product was generated and released based on Landsat time series data. Statistics indicate that in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2018 the total area of burned forest land in the world was 94.14 million hm2, 96.65 million hm2, 59.52 million hm2, 76.42 million hm2, and 83.70 million hm2, respectively, with an average value of 82.09 million hm2. Spatial distribution patterns of global burned forest areas were investigated across different continents and climatic domains. It was found that burned forest areas were mainly distributed in Africa and Oceania, which accounted for approximately 73.85% and 6.81% of the globe, respectively. By climatic domain, the largest burned forest areas occurred in the tropics, with proportions between 88.44% and 95.05% of the world's total during the study period. Multi-year dynamic analysis shows the global burned forest areas varied considerably due to global climate anomalies, e.g., the La Niña phenomenon.

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Zhang, Xifeng, Shuiming Liang, Jiaqi Lu, and Xiaowei Cui. "Evolution of Research on Global Soil Water Content in the Past 30 Years Based on ITGinsight Bibliometric Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (November 22, 2022): 15476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315476.

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Research on soil water content (SWC) has involved a wide range of disciplines and attracted constant attention. Current literature reviews primarily focus on a specific type of research on SWC and few systematic studies have been performed to fully evaluate the development and changes in hotspots of SWC research. In this study, a bibliometric analysis and visualization are used to understand the development of SWC research in countries of Europe, Asia, Oceania, and North America. The research data came from the Web of Science database and the time span was 1987–2021. Since 1987, the numbers of international SWC research papers have increased rapidly. The United States and China have the closest exchanges and most publications in the field of SWC. Keyword network maps indicated that early research on SWC was mostly in small-scale farmlands and woodlands, with diverse research hotspots including those focused on SWC stress, soil physical modeling, soil hydrothermal processes, and SWC measurement. Due to climate change, remote sensing technology development, and policies, research on SWC gradually focused on watershed, regional, and global scales, with research hotspots including those focused on evapotranspiration, land–air energy exchange, and remote sensing satellite inversion of SWC products. In addition, in recent years, the research of SWC and SMAP has attracted considerable attention worldwide. The United States has more influence in the SWC sector than China. Although the number of articles that have been published by European countries was small, the influence of those papers should not be underestimated.

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Faria, Daniela Aparecida de, Ana Clara Silva de Oliveira, Bianca Rezende Afonso Moreira, Luiza Theodoro Silva, Viviane Gontijo Augusto, Dayanne Gabriela de Melo Marques, Paulo Henrique Nogueira da Fonseca, and Soraia de Freitas Tavares Dâmaso. "Prevenção de quedas em idosos na atenção primária: revisão sistemática." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 8 (June 30, 2022): e57111831235. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i8.31235.

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Este estudo tem por objetivo, reunir e analisar evidências sobre as ações da fisioterapia aplicadas na atenção primária com finalidade finalidade de prevenir o risco de queda em idosos. Trata-se uma revisão sistemática, protocolada no PROSPERO, realizada nas bases de dados BVS, PEDro e Scielo. Utilizou-se o Guideline Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviewsand Meta-Analyses - The PRISMA Statement. A pergunta da pesquisa foi: quais são as ações e intervenções da fisioterapia que são aplicadas na atenção primária para prevenir o risco de quedas em idosos? Foram encontrados um total de 85 estudos, sendo que, após a análise, foram incluídos neste trabalho sete estudos. Foi possível verificar a diversidade de ocorrência dos estudos no seu continente de publicação, sendo eles: América do Sul (n=3), Europa (n=2), Oceania (n=1) e Ásia (n=1). Quanto ao nível de evidência, a maioria (n=4) foi de nível 2 e apenas três (n=3) com nível de evidência 3. Houve um consenso de que a aplicabilidade de medidas preventivas na atenção primária à saúde foi eficaz na redução de risco de quedas de idosos, porém não houve consenso na utilização de protocolo específico. A implementação de programas de treino e exercícios específicos realizados na atenção primária à saúde tem impacto significativo na melhora do equilíbrio, força muscular, propriocepção, capacidade funcional e qualidade de vida dos idosos, assumindo um papel de relevância na prevenção de quedas.

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Berkes, Fikret. "Fishermen and ‘The Tragedy of the Commons’." Environmental Conservation 12, no. 3 (1985): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900015939.

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Fish populations are classical examples of commonproperty resources and tend to decline over time. According to the conventional wisdom, they decline through a process popularly known as ‘the tragedy of the commons’, whereby selfish users are locked into a deterministic mechanism in which they are both the villains and the victims. However, the commons paradigm is not the model of reality for all fisheries. There are many sustainable fisheries, and detailed studies of some of them indicate that they do not fit the commons paradigm because there are factors which violate some of the hidden assumptions of the commons paradigm.In many community-based and small-scale fisheries, there are unwritten regulations or customary laws that prevent individuals from maximizing their private gains at the expense of community interests. Far from being owned by no one and freely open to any user, many of the fish stocks of the world are under claims of ownership by communities of fishermen who exercise use-rights and who control access to the resource. As seen in examples from Oceania and North America's west coast, open-access and common property conditions were created, and the ‘tragedy’ started only after the destruction of such traditional marine tenure systems.

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Leite, Cleber Queiroz, Vladimir Gonçalves Ramalho, Gricia Aparecida Rodrigues de Souza, Vytor Hugo Staut de Souza, Noéli Cristina Gouveia Lopes, Thayná Bertolini dos Santos, Flávia Albuquerque Ferreira, et al. "Crianças e o uso excessivo de telas: a explicação por trás da epidemia de miopia." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 10 (August 14, 2021): e377101018933. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i10.18933.

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Objetivos: O presente trabalho, trata-se de uma intervenção educativa, com o objetivo de desenvolver um site e um flyer informativo, como forma de educação em saúde, abordando acerca da importância do conhecimento sobre tempo de exposição excessiva às telas por crianças e suas consequências, dentre as quais, a miopia. Metodologia: Inicialmente, realizou-se busca nas bases da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e Google Scholar, selecionando artigos para compor o referencial teórico que expõem a problemática enfatizada no trabalho escrito, bem como serviu de base para elaboração dos produtos dessa intervenção em saúde. Ademais foi criado um site e um flyer com linguagem acessível e objetiva, a fim de atingir e informar a população em geral, que foi alcançada através das redes sociais e redirecionada ao site. Resultados e Discussão: Foram obtidas 4.181 visualizações no flyer, dentre esses resultados, observou-se acessos em 55 países, os quais compuseram a amostra da intervenção. Destacam-se os continentes americano, europeu, africano e com menor visibilidade o continente asiático e a Oceania. Sobre do tempo de exposição às telas, a educação em saúde destaca-se como uma ferramenta essencial na abordagem desse conhecimento, uma vez que possibilita, o público em geral, conhecer melhor sobre essa temática. Conclusão: A educação em saúde é relevante para conhecer e divulgar as patologias pediátricas, posto que, neste trabalho, destacou-se a saúde ocular. Observou-se que a utilização do flyer através das redes sociais, ultrapassou as fronteiras geográficas, dado que vários continentes tiveram acesso ao mesmo, contribuindo, assim, para multiplicação do conhecimento.

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Cabral, Natália Louise de Araújo, Nila Patrícia Freire Pequeno, David Franciole de Oliveira Silva, Sandra Patrícia Crispim, Dirce Maria Lobo Marchioni, Severina Carla Vieira Cunha Lima, and Clélia de Oliveira Lyra. "Indicadores antropométricos e dietéticos utilizados em estudos de base populacional: uma revisão sistemática." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 2 (January 25, 2022): e27211225434. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i2.25434.

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Abstract:

Objetivo: Identificar pesquisas de saúde e nutrição de base populacional, com adultos e idosos, e realizadas nas Américas, Europa e Oceania, para investigar os métodos antropométricos e de consumo alimentar mais utilizados, sua aplicabilidade e limitações. Metodologia: Bases de dados eletrônicas (LILACS, PubMed e SCOPUS) foram sistematicamente pesquisadas em busca de estudos publicados entre 1997 e 2017 em português, inglês ou espanhol. 48 estudos (45.8% realizados nas Américas) atenderam os critérios de elegibilidade e foram incluídos na revisão. Os dados foram analisados em 2018. Resultados: A qualidade metodológica da maioria dos estudos (64,4%) foi classificada como moderada, conforme o checklist da Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality para estudos transversais e a escala Newcastle-Ottawa para estudos de coorte. 35.4% dos artigos avaliaram apenas o consumo alimentar, 29.2% apenas a antropometria, enquanto 35.4% avaliaram o consumo alimentar e as medidas antropométricas. Os métodos de consumo alimentar mais utilizados foram o registro alimentar (31% dos estudos) e o recordatório de 24h (22% dos estudos). O índice de massa corporal (IMC) foi o indicador mais utilizado para avaliação antropométrica. Embora a maioria dos estudos tenha utilizado os critérios da Organização Mundial da Saúde, estes não adotaram pontos de corte diferentes para classificar o IMC de adultos e idosos. Conclusão: o IMC e os métodos que registram o consumo atual, como o registro alimentar e o recordatório de 24h, foram os principais métodos de avaliação do estado nutricional, levando-se em consideração a fácil aplicação, baixo custo e boa reprodutibilidade. Registro de revisão sistemática: PROSPEROCRD42017071392.

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