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Barriera, Maria. "Nanosensor technology for road pavements monitoring." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX092.
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Le réseau routier est l'un des atouts majeurs d'un pays. L'évaluation de l’état structurelle des infrastructures de transport routier et de leur évolution dans le temps est essentielle pour l'établissement de plans d'entretien rentables. À cet égard, l'instrumentation des chaussées permet une surveillance continue et à distance sans interruption de la circulation. Cependant, l'instrumentation reste un défi scientifique et technologique majeur en termes de résilience des dispositifs ainsi que de stratégies d'interprétation des données des capteurs. L'objectif global de cette thèse est de prouver la faisabilité du monitoring des routes par technologies de détection embarquées en démontrant l'exploitabilité des données de capteurs pour évaluer le vieillissement de la route et en fournissant une technologie à haute performance et faible intrusion. Nous proposons, via un essai accéléré à l'échelle 1, une validation des jauges de déformation pour la prédiction de l'endommagement par fatigue d'un revêtement routier. Ainsi, nous avons exploré l'utilisation de capteurs embarqués pour le calcul inverse des conditions mécaniques de la chaussée via l'instrumentation d'une route existante avec un réseau de jauges de déformation. La même section d'essai a servi d'environnement pour une première validation d'une nouvelle technologie de détection basée sur l'utilisation de capteurs de déformation flexibles à base de nanocarbone, testés plus tard dans la chaussée dans le cadre d'un essai accéléré. Nous avons ainsi démontré comment la nanotechnologie proposée pouvait répondre aux enjeux de l’instrumentation des chaussées en termes de géométrie, de compatibilité avec l'environnement routier, et de sensibilitéThe road network is one of the major assets in our countries. The assessment of pavement conditions and their evolution with time is essential for the establishment of cost-effective maintenance plans. In this respect, pavement instrumentation allows remote and continuous monitoring with no traffic disruption. However it remains a major scientific and technological challenge in terms of devices resilience to the harsh road environment as well as of strategies for sensor data interpretation. The overall goal of this thesis is to prove the feasibility of embedded pavement monitoring by demonstrating the exploitability of embedded sensor data to assess road ageing, and by providing a high performance, low intrusiveness technology. We propose, via an accelerated pavement test, a validation of asphalt strain gauges as monitoring method for fatigue prediction in a road pavement. Thus, we further explored the use of embedded sensors for inverse calculation of pavement mechanical conditions via the instrumentation of an existing road with a network of asphalt strain gauges. The same trial section was the environment for a first validation of a novel sensing technology based on the use of nanocarbon-based flexible strain sensors, later tested under an accelerated pavement test. Thereby we demonstrated how the proposed nanotechnology can overcome some of the drawbacks of existing sensing devices in terms of geometry, compatibility with the road environment, and sensitivity
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Knöner, Nery. "Sistema pré-fabricado para aplicação em construções provisórias de canteiros de obras." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4694.
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Previous issue date: 2014-05-23Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos
The use of prefabricated elements has become increasing in Brazil, This paper describes the study and the procedures for construction and erection of a building system works on a pavement. Within the concept of technological innovation seeks to show a project in precast concrete that can be applied in facilities construction sites. Enables to meet the market demand for building construction sites in accordance with the requirements of the NR18 and ABNT (NB1367/NBR 12284, 1991), where all the actions of the production of construction happening and where the facilities are usually temporary and precarious. The system proposed solutions such as fast assembly, elimination of waste, and low cost, besides being a constructive process that can be reused in another bed, starting process without any loss of parts that compose it. Attaches itself to the system with one of the solutions that meets the needs of the construction industry in which it is possible to build construction sites, providing the employee satisfactory experiences in the area of enabling a modular installation adapting to the needs and administrative for the proper performance of the employee.
O emprego de elementos pré-fabricados tem se tornado crescente no Brasil, em virtude disso, o presente trabalho visa descrever o estudo e os procedimentos de construção e montagem de um sistema construtivo em obras de um pavimento. Partindo do que se entende como inovação tecnológica, a presente dissertação de mestrado, procura mostrar um projeto em pré-fabricados de concreto que poderá ser aplicado nas instalações de canteiros de obras. Este projeto possibilita que se atendam às demandas de mercado para construção de canteiros de obra de acordo com os quesitos da NR18 2012 e ABNT (NB1367/NBR 12284, 1991), onde todas as ações da produção da construção civil acontecem e onde as instalações normalmente são provisórias e precárias. O sistema pré-fabricado propõe soluções como: rapidez na montagem, eliminação de resíduos e baixo custo, além de utilizar um processo construtivo que pode ser reaproveitado em outro canteiro, iniciando-se todo processo sem perdas das peças que o compõe. Foi possível concluir que o sistema proposto pode representar uma importante solução que vem de encontro às necessidades do setor da construção civil, uma vez que os canteiros de obra podem proporcionar ao trabalhador condições satisfatórias na área de vivência, possibilitando instalação modular adequada às necessidades, refletindo em um bom desempenho por parte dos trabalhadores.
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Taylor, Jackie V. "Migration of contaminants associated with pavement construction." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11908/.
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In order to achieve the goals of 'Sustainable Development', alternative (secondary) materials are being increasingly used as bulk-fill aggregate within pavement construction as substitutes for traditional aggregates. This finds an end-use for stockpiles of industrial by-products (and hence the allowing the land on which they stand to be reclaimed for other uses) and protects finite, natural resources which they replace from over-extraction. Previously, there has been very little research concerned with the leaching of contaminants from alternative materials in pavement construction and the subsequent risks to water bodies from pavement drainage. It is this topic which is addressed here. Two flow regimes within a pavement have been studied in order to predict contaminant movement: (1) vertical flow through the aggregate and pavement and then vertically through the natural subgrade to ground water below and (2) horizontal flow through the aggregate to be discharged through pavement sides drains. Using these analyses a generic user-friendly risk assessment guide by which contractors may assess an aggregate prior to use is presented. A case-study is provided to illustrate some of the issues of concern. Guidelines in the risk assessment guide recommend the suitability of different physical parameters of a potential aggregate at a proposed pavement construction site for both water flow directions. If the subgrade at the site does not allow sorption by the soil to enable any contaminants in vertical flow to be below Water Quality Standards (WQS), the use of a geotextile clay liner to further increase sorption is recommended. If the concentrations of contaminants in water discharged from side drains is not below WQS for horizontal flow, guidelines determine whether the site rainfall and surface runoff allow sufficient dilution. In most situations alternative materials appear to be acceptable for use if pavement construction is on clay subgrades, with an exception of sites where the subgrades are shallower than those recommended or where they are close to areas of higher sensitivity, such as those in close proximity to protected groundwater.
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Frost, Matthew W. "The performance of pavement foundations during construction." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2000. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/11152.
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There is an impetus in the UK to move away from empirical pavement foundation design and the current method specification, towards an analytical design approach. For an analytical design approach to be adopted, the required performance properties of stiffness and resistance to permanent deformation of the foundation materials (sub grade and capping) need to be measured, both in the laboratory for design and in the field in order to ensure compliance. This thesis studies the influence of the sub grade on the constructability and performance of a series of full-scale pavement foundations. This has been achieved by measuring the performance parameters of several sub grade materials in the laboratory, using repeated load triaxial testing. These data have been compared to comparable data collected in situ using dynamic stiffness measuring devices during the construction of trial pavement foundations. The performance of the trial foundations has been measured during the placement and compaction of the different foundation materials, and again after their subsequent trafficking. The testing demonstrates the stress dependency of the foundation materials. The laboratory testing shows that the sub grade permanent deformation under cyclic loading (used to simulate construction operations) becomes unstable at a deviator stress of half the deviator stress at failure (0.5qmax)· The stiffness at this applied stress and above is shown to be approaching a consistent value. This indicates that large changes in the stiffness of inversely stress dependent fine grained soils occur below the deviator stress at which the permanent deformation becomes unstable. Significant variability of data has been found in the performance parameters measured (both in the laboratory and in the field) for samples of subgrade collected from small areas of the same site. However comparable patterns of stress dependency have been observed between measured laboratory and field performance using the different apparatus. The resistance to permanent deformation is shown to be a more critical design load case for construction than the need for adequate stiffness of support required to compact the foundation layers. The performance of a composite road foundation is shown to be material and site specific, and this will have important implications for design and site compliance testing.
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Jang, Se Hoon. "Automated crack control analysis for concrete pavement construction." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2553.
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The focus of this research is on the control of random cracking in concrete paving by using sawcut notch locations in the early stages of construction. This is a major concern in concrete pavement construction. This research also addresses a probabilistic approach to determine the optimum time and depth of sawcutting for newly constructed portland cement concrete pavements. Variability in climate conditions and material characteristics during the hardening process affects the potential of cracking at any sawcut depth. Several factors affecting the probability of crack initiation are material strength parameters, method and quality of curing, slab/subbase stiffness, the amount and depth of steel reinforcement, friction between the slab and the subbase, and concrete shrinkage. Other factors relevant to concrete mixture characteristics such as cement content and type of coarse aggregate affect development of early aged stresses caused by shrinkage and thermally induced contraction. A probabilistic analysis of the factors that affect crack control using sawcut notches is presented in relation to different weather conditions (concrete placement temperature) at the time of construction, and concrete mixture characteristics such as fly ash replacement (FA) and cement factor (CF). Both of these significantly affect sawcut timing and depth requirement. The determination of crack initiation is based on fracture mechanics. Estimation of the time of cracking is based on predicted tensile strength and stress in the concrete at the bottom of the sawcut notch to assess the feasibility of crack control in the early stages of construction.
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Hassan, Aleef. "Reuse of Petroleum Contaminated Soil in Pavement Construction." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1314041097.
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Edwards, Jonathan Paul. "Laboratory characterisation of pavement foundation materials." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2007. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/3067.
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Pavement foundations for major roads in the UK were historically designed on an empirical basis, related to a single design chart, restricting the incorporation of superior performing materials or materials for which the empirical data sets were not available. The adoption of performance based specifications was promoted as they are perceived to 'open up' the use of alternative materials (including 'local' sources of primary materials) or techniques, and allow for the incorporation of superior performance into the overall pavement design. Parallel developments to the performance based design of pavement foundations (allowing for superior performance) and in situ testing required the support of laboratory based performance tests. These laboratory based tests were required to determine material performance parameters (elastic modulus and resistance to permanent deformation) for both unbound and hydraulically bound pavement foundation materials. A review of the available laboratory apparatus indicated that they were either; unrealistic (and hence unable to provide the required material performance parameters), or overly complex and more suited to fundamental research. Therefore, the requirement for developmental research work was identified. The research reported herein details the development, manufacture and initial evaluation of simplified laboratory apparatus (the Springbox for unbound materials and static stiffness test for hydraulically bound mixtures) designed to produce the performance parameters of elastic modulus and relative resistance to permanent deformation for pavement foundation materials. The equipment and test procedure evaluation was undertaken across a range of materials, giving initial guidance on likely in situ performance. The innovative laboratory apparatus and materials guidance (including the potential to use recycled and secondary aggregates) was incorporated into key Highways Agency specification and guidance documents, which in turn influence construction practice outside of motorways and major trunk roads. This research concludes by outlining a number of recommendations for continued development and evaluation, including feeding back data sets from long term in situ performance testing for subsequent refinement of assumptions.
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Ballock, Craig. "CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS AND ANALYSIS OF REHABILITATION TECHNIQUES OF PERVIOUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2772.
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The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the clogging potential of installed pervious concrete systems, to analyze rehabilitation techniques and develop construction specifications for the construction of portland cement pervious concrete specific to the state of Florida. Currently, a consistent statewide policy has not been established in reference to credit for storage volume within the voids in pervious concrete and the coarse aggregate base. For this reason a current and updated assessment of pervious pavement is needed to benefit from the advantages of pervious pavement use in low traffic volume areas. Initially by modeling a pervious concrete system in a field laboratory with test cells of typical Florida soil conditions and groundwater elevations and combining these data with field data from multiple sites of long service life, a Florida specific construction methodology has been developed. It is hoped that by developing a more standardized design criteria for pervious pavements in Florida a statewide acceptance of portland cement pervious pavement can be achieved and credit can be earned based on the volume of stored stormwater. This study of field sites was subsequently expanded to include locations in the southeastern United States. Pervious concrete has suffered historically poor support due to a number of factors, including concern about poor long term performance due to clogging of surface pores. Eight existing parking lots were evaluated to determine the infiltration rates of pervious concrete systems that have had relatively no maintenance. Infiltration rates were measured using an embedded single-ring infiltrometer developed specifically for testing pervious concrete in an in-situ state. The average infiltration rates of the pervious concrete that was properly constructed at the investigated sites ranged from 0.4 to 227.2 inches per hour. A total of 30 pervious concrete cores were extracted and evaluated for infiltration rates after various rehabilitation techniques, including pressure washing, vacuum sweeping and a combination of the two methods, have been performed to rehabilitate the infiltration capability of the concrete. By evaluating the effectiveness of these rehabilitation techniques, recommendations have been developed for a maintenance schedule for pervious concrete installations. In most cases it was found that the three methods of maintenance investigated in this study typically resulted in a 200% or greater increase over the original infiltration rates of the pervious concrete cores. It is therefore recommended that as a general rule of thumb one or a combination of these rejuvenation techniques should be performed when the system infiltration rates are below 1.5 inches per hour to maintain the infiltration capability of pervious concrete pavements.M.S.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Civil Engineering MS
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Michener, John E. "Effects of Environmental Factors on Construction of Soil-Cement Pavement Layers." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2630.pdf.
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Carlson, Russell Edgar IV. "Feasibility of using 100% recycled asphalt pavement mixtures for road construction." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1436.
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Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) is the largest recycled good in the United States and 80 million tons are recycled yearly, saving taxpayers about $1.5 billion dollars. This paper explores the possibility of utilizing 100% RAP materials in asphalt pavement. Asphalt mixtures are produced at 135°C in a typical asphalt plant. However, at 135°C, not all binder from RAP materials may not become effective for coating aggregates. The main objective of the study is to determine the amount of effective binder available from RAP in the asphalt plant. The 100% RAP mixes have aged binder that can alter mix designs and interaction with virgin binder. In this study, to determine low temperature cracking resistance and fatigue performance, samples were prepared using a 100% RAP mix with no virgin binder and a 100% RAP mix with virgin asphalt binder to achieve the optimum binder content of the mix. Second, to determine the effectiveness of binder from RAP materials, compaction tests were performed by heating RAP materials at various temperatures. It was found that 100% RAP mixes cannot be feasible for field use if additional virgin binder is added to reach the optimum asphalt content. Based on limited test results, the low temperature grade was not within proper limits but the beam fatigue testing results were acceptable. Based on compaction test results, additional heating is needed to increase the effectiveness of asphalt binder from RAP materials.
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Lee, Jen-Rong. "The object-oriented project system for pavement construction management and visualization /." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148794501561701.
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Vidalis, Sofia Margarita. "Relation between cost, quality, and risk in Portland Cement Concrete pavement construction." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0013025.
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Yu, Xinren. "Pavement Surface Distress Detection and Evaluation Using Image Processing Technology." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1302032254.
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Pathomvanich, Sutharin. "Assessment of the effectiveness of quality assurance construction specifications for asphaltic concrete pavement." [Florida] : State University System of Florida, 2000. http://etd.fcla.edu/etd/uf/2000/ane5963/SPdissert.PDF.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Florida, 2000.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvii, 211 p.; also contains graphics. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 205-210).
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Todkar, Shreedhar Savant. "Monitoring subsurface conditions of pavement structures using Ultra-wideband radar technology." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT4060.
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Dans le domaine du génie civil, la détection et la caractérisation de défauts (décollements, fissures non-débouchantes) sont des éléments importants de diagnostic qui influencent la mise en œuvre de politique d’entretien et de gestion. Les défauts sont représentatifs d’un état d’altération de la structure. Les caractéristiques géométriques de ces défauts (forme, largeur et longueur) ainsi que l’étendue et les cheminements d’eau induits par ces défauts est un indicateur de durabilité des ouvrages important. Cette détection permet de localiser une éventuelle pathologie, d’évaluer l’état de santé de la structure et de prédire son évolution. Dans ce contexte, les systèmes « radar à impulsions », appelé aussi GPR (Ground Penetrating radar) est utilisé depuis une trentaine d’années pour réaliser des opérations de contrôle non destructif dans le flux du trafic. Ils fournissent une mesure en continu de l’épaisseur de la couche de chaussée, mais permettent aussi la détection de décollements significatifs (centimétrique) entre couches, et de déterminer ainsi l’emplacement de contrôles structurels destructifs ultérieurs. Néanmoins, la résolution temporelle des GPR conventionnels ne permet pas de détecter directement des décollements d’interface millimétriques. L’objectif de ce travail est donc de réaliser une détection précoce de ce type de défauts. Ainsi, mes travaux se sont focalisés à la fois sur l'utilisation du radar ultra large bande (RSF) et sur le développement de méthodes d’intelligence artificielle (basées sur l’apprentissage supervisé). Des approches théoriques et expérimentales (dalle de chaussée Cerema et manège de fatigue de l’IFSTTAR) ont été réalisées. Elles ont permis de montrer la faisabilité de détecter des décollements fins dans les chausséesIn the field of civil engineering, the detection and characterization of defects (debondings, non-emerging cracks) are important diagnostic elements that influence the maintenance and management of the pavement structure. These defects represent an altered state of the structure. The geometric characteristics of these defects (shape, width and length) as well as their extent and the water seepage induced by these defects are important durability indicators of the structures. This detection makes it possible to locate a possible pathology, to evaluate the state of health of the structure and also predict its evolution. In this context, "pulse radar" systems, also called Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) have been used for over thirty years to perform non- destructive testing operations in the traffic flow. They not only provide continuous measurement of the thickness of the pavement layer, but also allow the detection of significant (centimetric) inter-layer detachments, and thus determine the location of subsequent destructive structural controls. However, the temporal resolution of conventional GPRs does not allow direct detection of millimeteric interface debondings. Therefore, the objective of this work is to realize an early detection of such defects. My work is thus focused on both the use of ultra-wideband radar (SFR) and the development of artificial intelligence methods (based on supervised learning) to detect thin debondings. Theoretical and experimental approaches (Cerema test pavement slabs and IFSTTAR's fatigue carousel) were realized which have shown the feasibility of detecting fine debondings in pavements
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Alba, Jorge Luis. "Laboratory determination of resilient modulus of granular materials for flexible pavement design." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21274.
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Beitelmal, Jamal A. "Development of appropriate technology road condition monitoring system." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/533.
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This dissertation is concerned with the principles of pavement management systems and their applications in western and developing countries. The first part of the dissertation deals with the principles of pavement engineering and the role of the different layers in order to gain the required knowledge in highway pavement components, which will allow a cost-effective repair related to each specific defect. The second part deals with the existing systems for monitoring pavement condition and evaluatest heir benefit in assessingh ighway condition. The study shows the main problems usually militate against using the sophisticated technology in monitoring highway condition and implementing maintenance management systems in some cities in developing countries. In addition to the problems inherent in cities in developing countries, the city of Benghazi in Libya has special factors which have developed as a result of UN sanctions which were imposed in 1992. Therefore, the city of Benghazi has been selected as a case study for this particular research since it is a typical example of most cities in developing countries in terms of size, population and in ten-ns of lack of maintenance resources and skilled labour (Benghazi might have been so well resourcedth at it would no longer fall into the categoryo f developingc ity but for the sanction). The objectives of the study are attained through conclusions which indicate that establishing a pavement maintenance strategy in the city of Benghazi based on any or some of the sophisticated technology in road condition monitoring is not appropriate. This conclusion is tested by manufacturing a unique prototype measuring machine and using it in pilot monitoring exercises in the cities of Newcastle and Sunderland. The results of these pilot exercises are analysed to evaluate the benefit which such appropriate technology equipment can bring to the issue of monitoring of pavement condition in cities in developing countries having problems similar to those that prevail in Benghazi. The prototype equipment developed in this study is unique in that it is purely mechanical and uses no electronics in monitoring road condition. Moreover, all parts of the machine are fabricated from materials available in most cities in developing countries and therefore such machines could be easily maintained locally. The prototype described in this study is not only relevant to road monitoring but points the way towards the development of similar equipment in many engineering situations in developing countries. This research study points engineers in similar conditions in the direction that the Author thinks they should follow in applying their engineering abilities in developing countries.
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Powell, Raymond Brown E. R. "Predicting field performance on the NCAT pavement test track." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Summer/Dissertations/POWELL_RAYMOND_1.pdf.
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Noureldin, Ehab Magdy Salah. "Analysis on Structural Modeling for Recycled Asphalt Pavement used as a Base Layer." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25320.
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Reusing RAP in the base layer became a common practice in the last decade. However, some crucial issues must be resolved to succeed in using RAP satisfying the standard specifications as a base layer. The most important unknown factor is the mechanistic behavior of RAP. This question may be satisfied by understanding the role of RAP in terms of whether it just behaves as a black rock or has a stabilizing effect with traditional aggregates used for base layer.
The first stage of this study is modeling the structural behavior of RAP via prediction MR. This stage then comprises comparing the predicted results to actual measured data under several field conditions. The second stage focuses on the modeling behavior of PD. This stage takes in consideration two sets of data, the first is for the measured PD data calculated from MR test. While another traditional set of measured data for PD from repeated tri-axial loading (RTL) test either single or multi-stage is collected for the same RAP sources used in the first stage. The third stage concerns on MR-PD relationship. It indicates the typical relationship for the MR-PD behavior that can be understood for the RAP in base layer. The fourth and last stage is essential to investigate the Poisson?s ratio of RAP blends and its effectiveness on both parameters MR and PD. This ratio is measured during un-confined compression test. Two main testing conditions: various water and RAP contents are taken in consideration during this measurement for different RAP/Aggregate sources.
This study proves that both prediction models used in the MEPDG for prediction of both parameters MR and PD are totally significant for RAP/Aggregate blends used for pavement base layer. The prediction is at the highest accuracy at water content levels close to OMC%, MDD and with 50% to 75% RAP content. In addition, it is proved that Poisson?s ratio is an effective parameter on both MR and PD parameters especially with variation of water content. This conclusion recommends to take in consideration Poisson?s ratio as an effective parameter in MR and PD prediction models used in MEPDG software.National Science Foundation (NSF)
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Khalifeh, Ihssan. "Internship in pavement construction: analyzation of hot bituminous mixtures design, formulation, placement and quality control." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/21945.
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Mestrado em Engenharia CivilEste trabalho prático baseia-se em observações realizadas sobre a execução de pavimentos rodoviários, a realizar por uma das empresas portuguesas especializadas nesta área de construção. O trabalho inclui três fases essenciais da indústria rodoviária, nomeadamente: design e produção de misturas betuminosas a quente, aplicação de misturas (construção de pavimentos) e controlo de qualidade. Cada fase é discutida em detalhe para fornecer o melhor entendimento possível sobre este tópico de acordo com a inspeção do local. Assim, permite dar uma boa compreensão sobre o trabalho, que estuda em detalhes todos os aspectos relacionados com a fabricação de misturas betuminosas a quente, bem como a sua aplicação em pavimentos rodoviários de acordo com uma série de circunstâncias impostas pela situação prática da obra, além de garantia de controle de qualidade.
This practical work is based on observations conducted over the execution of road pavements, to be held by one of the specialized Portuguese companies in this area of construction. The work includes three crucial phases of the road industry, namely: hot bituminous mixtures design and production, mixture application (pavement construction) and quality control. Each phase is discussed in detail to provide the best possible understanding over this topic in accordance with the site inspection.Thus, it aims to provide a good comprehension about the work, which studies in detail every aspect related to the fabrication of hot bituminous mixtures, as well as its application in road pavements according to a number of circumstances imposed by the practical situation of the construction site in addition to quality control assurance.
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Highfield, Crysta Lynn. "Sustainable Pavement Construction: Developing a methodology for integrating environmental impact into the decision making process." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32604.
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Sustainability and specifically environmental stewardship are emerging as prominent issues in engineering decision-making. Despite this, the United States has neither a national policy on sustainability, nor a national sustainable transportation strategy. In many cases this has resulted in state DOTs basing their environmental practices on requirements set out previously by EPA regulations with little or no additional consideration of environmental effects.
A survey conducted as part of this thesis revealed that environmental stewardship is not considered part of current DOT pavement management engineersâ job responsibilities, despite having duties such as pavement design and maintenance which can greatly affect the environmental impact of a project. Initial cost and engineering judgment were the most widely considered in decision-making, with LCCA also being considered at least some of the time by most respondents. Environmental impacts, on the other hand, are not often integrated into formal decision making and are more likely to be considered as a â tie breakerâ when alternatives have similar costs.
The literature review also covered two distinct types of environmental decision support tools: Environmental Rating Tools and Environmental Impact Calculators. Rating Tools gather predominantly environmental impact information in order to award a score to a project. Environmental Calculators are software tools that use material or equipment inputs to estimate the amount of pollutants produced by a project. While a variety of environmental impact tools are currently available they suffer from drawbacks such as incomplete or unclearly defined LCA boundaries, consideration of only one environmental impact, subjectivity, lack of transparency, out-of-date databases, and an inability to perform probabilistic calculations. CO2e was the only environmental factor considered by nearly all Environmental Calculators reviewed as part of this thesis and was a major focus of the Rating Tools.
The thesis proposes the framework for a tool that addresses some of the limitations of available tools and aids decision-makers in incorporating environmental factors into roadway decision-making. The proposed tool would address many of the limitations of previous environmental impact calculators and could be implemented without the need for extensive additional research. The tool would calculate emissions due to material extraction and production, emissions due to construction activities, resource consumptions, and emissions due to work zone delays. Emissions due to work zone delays are not considered by any other currently available tool. The tool would also perform probabilistic calculations and have a database which could be added to and updated by users. Additional products developed as part of this thesis are a review of currently available environmental impact tools and a Microsoft Excel workbook used to demonstrate the intended usage of the tool.
It is concluded that the development of such a tool is necessary and feasible. The proposed tool would address limitations of available tools by considering more than one environmental impact, including the previously neglected impact of emissions due to work zone related delay, pairing a user-friendly interface with an editable database, and supporting probabilistic calculations. Recommended future research includes surveying state DOT engineers to determine the barriers delaying implementation of currently available environmental impacts tools. Further benefits could be realized by programming the proposed tool and building a database that reflects the materials, mixes, and construction activities available to a specific locality.Master of Science
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Ng'anjo, Peter. "Research into the properties of lateritic gravels and their impact on pavement design." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51897.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.Ing.)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Laterites are used extensively in the tropics as road building materials in unbound base, sub-base layers and in surface layers. However, most base course specifications usually require the provision of crushed and graded stone or stabilized base and often exclude the general use of as-dug laterites or other naturally occurring gravels. Various field studies in the past have clearly indicated that many lateritic gravel deposits can be used successfully as base course materials in roads carrying low to medium traffic without incurring additional maintenance costs and with considerable cost savings in pavement construction rehabilitation. Further research is needed for the more precise definition of the relationship between laterite characteristics, traffic loading, environment, and pavement performance. In this study, extensive use was made of static and cyclic triaxial testing to investigate the fundamental behaviour of a lateritic gravel material. The tests produce information for characterizing the shear strength, stress-strain properties and behaviour under repeated loading. The gravel was sourced from stockpile at Malans Transport borrow pit at Maaitjies Kuil near Cape Town. Testing was conducted on the material both as granular material and stabilized with cement and foamed bitumen. Testing was done under various conditions of stress, moisture and compaction. The resilient modulus of the lateritic gravel was found to be affected by moisture and compaction apart from the stress condition. Well known models were used to characterize the stressdependent resilient modulus. A model for prediction of permanent deformation was developed which together with the resilient modulus model were applied to the design of a light pavement structure composed of lateritic gravel base.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Lateriete word wydverspreid gebruik in die trope as 'n padbou materiaal. Die materiaal word gebruik in ongebonde kroonlae, stutlae en oppervlaklae. Die meeste spesifikasies vir kroonlae vereis dat gegradeerde gebreekte klip of gestabiliseerde materiaal in die kroonlaag gebruik word. Die spesifikasies maak nie voorsiening vir lateriet en gruis wat natuurlik voorkom nie. Verskeie veldstudies in die verlede het duidelik getoon dat lateritiese materiaal met sukses gebruik kan word in die kroonlae van paaie wat ligte tot medium verkeer dra. Lateriete kan gebruik word sonder addidionele onkoste vir instandhouding en daar is merkbare kostebesparings wanneer plaveisels rehabiliteer word. Die verhouding tussen lateriet eienskappe, verkeerslas, omgewingsinvloede en plaveisel werkverrigting moet beter gedefinieer word deur verdere navorsing. In hierdie studie is omvattend gebruik gemaak van eenmalige en herhaalde belasting drie-assige toetse om die fundamentele gedrag van lateritiese materiaal te definieer. Hierdie toetse se resultate lewer inligting oor die skuifsterkte, spanning-vervorming eienskappe en gedrag onder herhaalde belasting. Die gruis wat gebruik is, is verkry vanaf 'n materiaalopslag by die leengroef van Malans Transport te Maaitjies Kuil naby Kaapstad. Die materiaal is getoets as granulêre materiaal en gestabiliseer met sement en skuim-bitumen. Die toetse is gedoen onder verskillende toestande van spanning, voginhoud en verdigting. Daar is bevind dat die veerkragtigheidmodulus van die lateritiese gruis nie net deur die aangewende spanning beïnvloed word nie, maar ook deur die voginhoud en verdigting van die materiaal. Welbekende modelle is gebruik om die spanningsafhanklike gedrag van die materiaal te karakteriseer. 'n Model is ook ontwikkel om die permanente vervorming van die materiaal te voorspel. Die twee modelle vir die veerkragtigheidsmodulus en permanente vervorming is gebruik om 'n ligte plaveiselstruktuur mee te ontwerp wat 'n lateritiese kroonlaag bevat.
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Kucukvar, Murat. "Sustainability Assessment of U.S. Construction Sectors and Emerging Pavement Designs: An Ecologically Based Life Cycle Assessment." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1302892567.
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Megaw, William Malcolm. "A study of the influences on the generation and migration of aggregate fines in an unbound highway pavement." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260990.
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Semmelink, C. J. (Christiaan Johan). "The effect of material properties on the compactabillty of some untreated roadbuilding materials." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40193.
Full textAbstract:
The proper densification of the separate pavement layers forms an integral part of road
construction. Many problems, are, however, experienced in this area. Because of a lack of
knowledge the compaction of untreated roadbuilding materials in problem situations is usually
approached on a ''trial and error'' basis rather than basing possible solutions on scientific
evidence of the collective influence of the material properties and site conditions.
The purpose of the study was to place the compaction of untreated roadbuilding materials on
a more scientific basis. An investigation was therefore launched to determine the effect of
measured material properties on their compactability. A non-standard vibratory compaction
test was used to compact the samples in one layer. New test parameters to quantify the
shape and texture of the material were also developed, namely the shakedown bulk density
and the shape factor. The CBR values of the materials at moulding moisture content were
determined for each material for a range of densities and moisture contents. The maximum
dry densities (MOD) (vibratory and mod. AASHTO) and optimum moisture content (OMC)
(vibratory and mod. AASHTO) were also determined.
The measured values were then evaluated in terms of the following physical properties of the
materials: grading, Atterberg limits, linear shrinkage, shakedown bulk density (SBD), loose
bulk density (LBO), shape factor (SF) and specific rugosity (Srv). In the extensive laboratory
study of 21 different untreated roadbuilding materials, varying from TAB classes A-7-6 to A-1,
it was found that both the maximum dry densities and moisture regimes can be quantified in
terms of the grading, liquid limit and linear shnnkage of the materials. These relations were modelled by means of regression analysis. Besides this a general bearing capacity model was found for all these materials where the
CBR is a function of the dry density and moisture content of the material. This model was
further refined to take account of the influence of shape and texture of the particles so that
it is possible to determine reasonable estimates of the bearing capacity for a range of
densities and moisture contents from the grading, Atterberg limits, linear shrinkage,
shakedown bulk density and shape factor.
This investigation has shown that physical laws govern both the compactability and bearing
capacity of untreated roadbuilding materials, irrespective of their composition or nature,
making it possible to approach the compaction of untreated roadbuilding materials in a more
generalised manner.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 1991.
gm2014
Civil Engineering
unrestricted
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Li, Feng. "A methodology for characterizing pavement rutting condition using emerging 3D line laser imaging technology." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50114.
Full textAbstract:
Pavement rutting is one of the major asphalt pavement surface distresses affecting pavement structure integrity and driving safety and is also a required performance measure specified in the Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS). Manual rutting measurement is still conducted by many state Departments of Transportation (DOTs), like Georgia DOT; however, it is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and dangerous. Although point-based rut bar systems have been developed and utilized by state DOTs to measure rutting conditions, they often underestimate rut depth measurements. There is an urgent need to develop an automated method to accurately and reliably measure rutting conditions. With the advance of sensing technology, emerging 3D line laser imaging technology is capable of collecting high-resolution 3D range data at highway speed (e.g., 100 km/h) and, therefore, holds a great potential for accurately and repeatedly measuring pavement rutting condition. The main contribution of this research includes a methodology, along with a series of methods and procedures, for the first time, developed utilizing emerging 3D line laser imaging technology to improve existing 1D rut depth measurement accuracy and repeatability and to measure additional 2D and 3D rutting characteristics. These methods and procedures include: (1) a threshold-based outlier removal method employing the multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) technique to remove outliers caused by non-rutting features, such as wide transverse cracks and potholes; (2) a modified topological-ordering-based segment clustering (MTOSC) method to optimally partition the continuous roadway network into segments with uniform rutting condition; (3) an overlapping-reducing heuristic method to solve large-scale segmentation problems; (4) a network-level rutting condition assessment procedure for analyzing 3D range data to statistically interpret the pavement rutting condition in support of network-level pavement management decisions; (5) an isolated rut detection method to determine the termini, maximum depth, and volume of isolated ruts in support of project-level maintenance operations. Comprehensive experimental tests were conducted in the laboratory and the field to validate the accuracy and repeatability of 1D rut depth obtained using the 3D range data. Experimental tests were also conducted in the laboratory to validate the accuracy of 3D rut volume. Case studies were conducted on one interstate highway (I-95), two state routes (SR 275 and SR 67), and one local road (Benton Blvd.) to demonstrate the capability of the developed methods and procedures. The results of experimental tests and case studies show that the proposed methodology is promising for improving the rutting measurement accuracy and reliability. This research is one of the initial effort in studying the applicability of this emerging sensing technology in pavement management. And the outcomes of this research will play a key role in advancing state DOTs’ existing pavement rutting condition assessment practices.
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Lewis, Zachary Ludon. "Evaluation of thermal variations on concrete pavement using three dimensional line laser imaging technology." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50406.
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Jointed Plain Concrete Pavements (JPCP) are some the most popular forms of concrete pavement that are used in the state of Georgia. Each year the Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT) inspects and surveys their highways to determine what condition the pavement is in and if any rehabilitation is required to maintain the integrity of the highway. These annual surveys include the JPCP and the key concrete pavement characteristics that are used to determine the condition of the JPCP are the faulting at the joints and the roughness of the section. Since it is well known that concrete will exhibit slight movement when subjected to thermal variations it is possible that the these minor movements could have an impact on the measured slab properties used to rate the JPCP section. The focus of this research is to develop a methodology to use three dimensional technologies to capture JPCP surface data under a variety of thermal conditions, to develop a procedure to collect and analyze concrete temperature data, to develop a method to analyze the surface data and how to correlate all of the data that was collected. Three test sites were chosen that covered a total of 6 test sections that were composed of 25 slabs and 26 joints each. This provided a total of 150 slabs and 156 joints that were used for analysis.
A single slab was selected as a test specimen to install thermal logging devices into so that the temperature distributions through the slab could be investigated. Three positions were monitored to determine if the position that the temperature gradient was measured was critical. It was found that the temperature followed a similar trend for all of the positions with the profiles being slightly shifted from each other. It was also concluded that the temperature in the bottom of the slab was approximately the same as the temperature in the base. It was discovered that the maximum positive temperature gradient occurred simultaneously with the maximum ambient air temperature and the maximum surface temperature. The results showed that the surface temperature followed a trend similar to the ambient air temperature. However the surface temperature was greater throughout the day.
The faulting analysis results indicated that out of the 156 joints inspected only 15 showed a variation in the average faulting that was greater than the 0.5 mm (0.02 in) accuracy of the sensors used to collect the JPCP surface data. Further investigation revealed that there was no clear trend between the temperature change and the average faulting variation. It was concluded that if there was a change in the average faulting due to temperature it is smaller than what can be depicted by the sensing vehicle and it is less than the 1 mm (0.04 in) measurement accuracy that is specified in the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) R36-04 specification which governs the accuracy requirements for automated faulting measurement methods.
The International Roughness Index (IRI) was the method used to measure the roughness on each test site for each data collection run. This resulted in 336 IRI values that were inspected to determine whether there was an impact from the temperature variations. The IRI results showed that the roughness of the test sections did vary through the day. After it was found that the IRI did vary through the day the IRI distributions were compared to the temperature distribution and 7 out of the 12 distributions studied showed a weak correlation between the temperature and the IRI. The amount of variation in the IRI was not quantified because the exact accuracy of the IRI values attained from the sensing vehicle was unknown. However it was attempted to validate the system and determine the accuracy but one of the validation test sections showed disappointing results while the other two showed promising results. Further research is required to fully evaluate the sensing vehicles ability and accuracy when measuring the IRI.
A procedure was also developed to extract the longitudinal and transverse curvature of the concrete pavement slabs. Three test slabs were selected at one of the test sites and curvature results were generated using the developed procedure. The curvature results were visually and quantitatively assessed. The visual analysis indicated that the curvature profiles measured by the 3D line lasers did change throughout the data collection, but the patterns did not follow what was expected and a correlation could not be created with the temperature. The quantitative results for the longitudinal curvature revealed that one of the slabs did show a pattern that followed the temperature changes during the data collection, but it did show as much as 4.65 mm (0.183 in) of change between consecutive data collection runs. The longitudinal curvature results for the other two slabs did not show a trend and exhibited unlikely changes in the curvature measured between consecutive data collection runs, which in some instances the deviation was as much as 12.09 mm (0.480 in). For the transverse curvature one of the slabs indicated that the curvature did not change during the data collection, while the other two showed sudden changes as high as 2.16 mm (0.085 in) between consecutive data collection runs. The developed procedure is only preliminary and needs to be further evaluated and refined for it to be able to adequately measure the curvature of as slab. The results also need to be verified using actual measured ground truth curvatures to determine the validity of using the developed procedure and the 3D line laser data to measure the curvature of concrete slabs. Once the procedure is proven to produce reliable results it should be compared to other curvature computation methods, such as those that utilize road profilers or LIDARs, to determine which method is the best.
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Dagnely, Pierre Guy. "Experimental study of engineered artificial aggregates for the construction of high friction and noise efficient bituminous Micro-Surfacing." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.
Find full textAbstract:
Pavement friction and noise generation are two of the most important topics regarding road engineering. These two issues can be directly related to the safety for road users as well as the health of every impacted human. First a detailed review of the phenomena governing the pavement friction has been conducted and the influence parameters have been explained as well as the measurement of friction. The two main components of friction, adhesion and hysteresis, directly depend on the texture of the pavement, the latter being greatly influenced by the aggregates of the pavement mixture. Then noise generation of pavement has been studied to highlight the importance of tire-pavement interaction. Those aspects lead to the development of one possible solution called microsurfacing with artificial aggregates. Microsurfacing is a pavement overlay used, between other properties, to provide adequate friction, by usually increasing the texture, what normally would increase the noise. Thus it restores the friction features of existing roads without increasing the noise generation. Many advantages can be mentioned and explained. Due to the fact that the microsurfacing is constructed without heating the mixture, the cold asphalt results in a more eco-friendly solution, it creates safe conditions for workers and allow the quick opening to traffic on the road. A Design Of Experiment (DOE) on artificial aggregates made of geopolymer has been carried out and lead to a precise production procedure. Finally production and tests on cold microsurfacing have been explained as future work required to reach a full scale production of microsurfacing layers.
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Ibrahim, Mohamed. "Analyzing Decision Making in Alternative Contracting for Highway Pavement Rehabilitation Projects." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2622.
Full textAbstract:
The negative impacts associated with highway pavement rehabilitation projects drove state highway agencies (SHAs) towards increased adoption of alternative contracting methods (ACMs) to accelerate the construction of such projects; hence, reducing these impacts on the travelling public. However, the application of such methods showed mixed results due to the lack of specific guidelines addressing the adoption of such methods and the selection of the best ACM for each project. This lack of guidelines stems from the lack of research studies examining the impact of each of these methods on the time/cost trade-off relationship in highway rehabilitation projects. Existing literature includes several studies aimed at developing generic and subjective guidelines based on past experiences that do not take into consideration the unique nature of each of these methods.
Hence, this research study aimed at analyzing the SHAs’ decision making process regarding two of the most-widely used ACMs: Incentive/Disincentive (I/D) and Cost + Time (A+B) contracting methods, in order to support decision makers in choosing the most-suitable method for their projects. To this end, two models were developed in this dissertation to examine the time/cost trade-off for each method using simulation and regression analysis. Each model was validated against real-life projects and used to assign appropriate ID and “B” values based on the SHA’s desired duration reduction and available budget. Furthermore, a risk analysis module was developed to determine the most-likely duration reduction that the contractor can achieve for each project under each method.
The developed models should help improve the decision making process regarding the selection and implementation of these methods in highway rehabilitation projects. For example, the models can help SHAs identify the minimum ID level that can be offered for each project and the expected duration that the contractors can bid on under the A+B contracting method. Finally, the models were contrasted and applied to real-life projects with different characteristics to verify existing guidelines and establish the candidate ACM for each project category. The findings of this study will benefit the society, SHAs, and the economy in general by optimizing the use of available time and money resources.
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Rogers, Tyler J. "Variability in Construction of Cement-Treated Base Layers: Probabilistic Analysis of Pavement Life Using Mechanistic-Empirical Approach." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2009. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd3273.pdf.
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Zhang, Zhiming. "An Integrated System for Road Condition and Weigh-in-Motion Measurements using In-Pavement Strain Sensors." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25819.
Full textAbstract:
The United States has the world?s largest road network with over 4.1 million miles of roads supporting more than 260 million of registered automobiles including around 11 million of heavy trucks. Such a large road network challenges the road and traffic management systems such as condition assessment and traffic monitoring. To assess the road conditions and track the traffic, currently, multiple facilities are required simultaneously. For instance, vehicle-based image techniques are available for pavements? mechanical behavior detection such as cracks, high-speed vehicle-based profilers are used upon request for the road ride quality evaluation, and inductive loops or strain sensors are deployed inside pavements for traffic data collection. Having multiple facilities and systems for the road conditions and traffic information monitoring raises the cost for the assessment and complicates the process. In this study, an integrated system is developed to simultaneously monitor the road condition and traffic using in-pavement strain-based sensors, which will phenomenally simplify the road condition and traffic monitoring. To accomplish such a superior system, this dissertation designs an innovative integrated sensing system, installs the integrated system in Minnesota's Cold Weather Road Research Facility (MnROAD), monitors the early health conditions of the pavements and ride quality evaluation, investigates algorithms by using the developed system for traffic data collection especially weigh-in-motion measurements, and optimizes the system through optimal system design. The developed integrated system is promising to use one system for multiple purposes, which gains a considerable efficiency increase as well as a potential significant cost reduction for intelligent transportation system.USDOT (U.S. Department of Transportation)
MPC (Mountain-Plains Consortium)
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So, K. L., and 蘇建霖. "A study of construction noise control technology." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31254743.
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Busfield, Robert. "The social construction of domestic computer technology." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326739.
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Kim, Youman 1975. "Strategic advantages of information technology in construction." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29569.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64-66).
Over the past decades, the dramatic progress of information technology has contributed distribution of innovative systems to most of industries in the world. Such technologies offer strategic advantages to gain competitive advantage, improving productivity and performance, developing new ways of managing and organizing. In this thesis, I explore and evaluate the impact of information technology in construction industry. I exhibit what strategic advantages can be gained from implementing innovative technologies within an organization and industry as a whole. In addition, I examine the knowledge management strategy as a part of advantages of technology. Some challenges to adopting innovations are addressed as well as the potential solutions. The purpose of this research is to provide a strategic vision for information technology in construction during the next decade.
by Youman Kim.
S.M.
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Flower, Joseph P. "Emerging Technology to Exclude Wildlife from Roads: Electrified Pavement and Deer Guards in Utah, USA." DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4944.
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Wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVCs) are a persistent problem that threaten public safety and can negatively affect wildlife populations. Wildlife crossing structures in combination with wildlife exclusion fencing can significantly reduce WVC rates. However, these measures can become ineffective if access roads that bisect fencing to not include barriers to deter animals from entering the highway. My objectives were to: 1) evaluate the relative effectiveness of barriers currently used to exclude mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) from highways, and 2) determine whether cattle guards augmented with segments of electrified pavement could reduce wildlife intrusions through fence openings. Currently, transportation departments are seeking innovative methods to cost-effectively upgrade, augment, or replace cattle guards with barriers capable of reducing wildlife access to transportation infrastructure. In chapter 2, I evaluated the effectiveness of existing wildlife barriers at access roads in Utah. I placed camera traps at 14 vehicle access points in wildlife fencing equipped with one of five different barrier designs. Double cattle guards (two adjoining cattle guards) and wildlife guards (steel grates) were > 80% effective in excluding deer. In contrast, electrified mats (plastic planks with embedded electrodes), standard cattle guards, and cattle guards without excavations were80% effective in excluding deer and >95% effective in excluding elk (Cervus canadensis) from wildlife exclosures constructed in a natural area. However, when installed in the road surface in front of an existing cattle guard, a segment of electrified pavement (0.91-m-wide) was 54% effective in preventing deer intrusions into the fenced highway corridor. Electrified pavement appears to have potential as an effective tool to reduce ungulate access to roadways and other protected areas. However, to fully assess the viability of this emerging technology for use in excluding wildlife from highways, results from ongoing long-term monitoring at replicated in-road installations are needed.
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Werkmeister, Sabine. "Permanent Deformation Behaviour of Unbound Granular Materials in Pavement Constructions." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2003. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1055224444109-42674.
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A new simple design approach will be described that utilizes test results from the Repeated Load Triaxial Apparatus to establish the risk level of permanent deformations in the unbound granular layers (UGL) in pavement constructions under consideration of the seasonal effects. From this data a serviceability limit line (plastic shakedown limit) stress boundary for the unbound granular materials (UGM) was defined for different moisture contents. Below this line the material will have stable behavior. The serviceability limit line was applied in a finite-element (FE)-program FENLAP to predict whether or not stable behavior occurs in the UGM. To calculate the stress in the UGL, a nonlinear elastic model (Dresden Model), which is described in the paper, was implemented into the FE-program. The effects of changing moisture content during Spring-thaw period and asphalt temperature on pavement structural response were investigated. Additionally, permanent deformation calculations for the UGL were performed taking the stress history into consideration. The results clearly demonstrate that, for pavement constructions with thick asphalt layers, there is no risk of rutting in the granular base, even at high number of load repetitions. The study showed that the proposed design approach is a very satisfactory simple method to assess the risk against rutting in the UGL, even without the calculation of the exact permanent deformation of the pavement construction.
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Mučinis, Darjušas. "Modelling of the interaction component's of recycled hot mix asphalt and research its use in the road pavement construction." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120202_170816-87424.
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The purpose of the dissertation is to provide a science-based model of the interaction dynamics among the components and the results of this interaction, which shall help to design and to produce high quality hot-mix asphalt mixtures with granules of recycled asphalt pavement of Lithuanian roads. The main objectives of the dissertation: – To conduct the research, to collect, systemized and analyzed scientific works discussing the factors of asphalt pavement distresses and their influence on the performance of recycled asphalt, the interaction between old and virgin materials, the properties of recycled asphalt pavement mixture, and the recycling process technologies. – To model the factors determining the homogeneity of recycled asphalt pavement. – To model the theoretical viscosity for two types of blended bitumen or for another rejuvenator, and the dynamics of old and virgin bitumen mixing due to the diffusion process occurring in the two-layer film. – To provide systemized principles of asphalt pavement recycling. – To collect the data to show the dynamics of the amount of recycled asphalt pavement used in Lithuanian over the years. – To study the component composition and properties of granules of milled, broken and crushed recycled asphalt taken from Lithuanian roads and city streets. – To determine the influence of rejuvenating bitumen type and its percentage amount on physical and mechanical Marshall Parameters of recycled hot-mix asphalt mixture and on the properties... [to full text]Disertacijos tikslas – pateikti moksliškai pagrįstą komponentų sąveikos dinamikos modelį ir jos rezultatus, leidžiančius projektuoti bei gaminti kokybiškus karštai maišytus asfalto mišinius su Lietuvos kelių dangoms naudoto asfalto granulėmis. Disertacijoje sprendžiami šie pagrindiniai uždaviniai: − Atlikti paiešką, surinkti, dalykiškai susisteminti ir išanalizuoti mokslo darbus, kuriuose tiriama: asfaltinės dangos irties veiksniai ir jų įtaka naudotam asfaltui; senų ir naujų medžiagų sąveika; regeneruoto asfalto mišinio savybės; regeneravimo proceso technologijos. − Sumodeliuoti naudoto asfalto homogeniškumą lemiančius veiksnius. − Sumodeliuoti dviejų rūšių sumaišyto bitumo ar kitos atnaujinančiosios medžiagos teorinę klampą ir seno bei naujo bitumų maišymosi dėl difuzijos dvisluoksnėje plėvelėje dinamiką. − Pateikti susistemintus asfaltinės dangos regeneravimo principus. − Surinkti duomenis apie Lietuvoje išgaunamo naudoto asfalto kiekių dinamiką bėgant metams. − Ištyrinėti Lietuvos keliuose ir miesto gatvėse frezuoto bei išlaužto ir sutrupinto naudoto asfalto granulių komponentines sudėtis ir savybes. − Nustatyti pridedamo atnaujinančio bitumo rūšies ir procentinio kiekio įtaką regeneruoto karštai maišyto asfalto (KMA) mišinio fiziniams ir mechaniniams Maršalo rodikliams, taip pat regeneruoto suminio bitumo savybėms. − Nustatyti su skirtingu kiekiu naudoto asfalto granulėmis regeneruoto KMA mišinio atsparumą vėžių susidarymui. − Pateikti naujus deterministinio ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Amarasiri, Saumya Priyadari. "Use of Innovative Computer Technology and Optical Texture Properties in the Analysis of Pavement Digital Images." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/2984.
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Digital image based automated pavement crack detection and classification technology has seen vast improvements in the recent years. In spite of these developments, although pavement crack lengths and widths can be evaluated using state-of-the-art software with a reasonable accuracy, no reported evidence is found in extending this technology to evaluate crack depths. Hence a preliminary study was carried out to model the digital image formation of cracked concrete pavements based on the Bidirectional Reflection Distribution Function. It was revealed that a definitive theoretical relationship exists among the crack widths and depths and the maximum pixel intensity contrasts in the images of cracks. The above relationships fortified by appropriate calibration were verified using actual crack data not used in the calibration that can be useful in predicting crack depths. Secondly, a number of innovative techniques in computer vision such as image characterization using quantification of optical texture properties of images and a number of widely used optical texture related techniques for characterization of digital images which have not been exploited adequately in pavement evaluation, were introduced highlighting their useful applications in pavement evaluation. One such application, the automated and accurate detection of correspondences in progressive images of the same pavement captured during different times, would be essential for close monitoring of cracks or wear at the project-level. Two reliable methods for determining correspondences among pavement images illustrated in this work are; (1) texture masking and minimum texture distance method applicable to locations with no significant distress, and (2) homogeneous coordinates based geometrical matching and the maximum texture distance to detect the locations of distress and be applied to detect exact locations of crack propagation and excessive pavement wear. Thirdly, the BRDF based pavement image formation model revealed that quantifiable changes in the brightness of images occurs due to pavement wear-related changes in texture depth and spacing (wavelength). The traffic induced pavement wearing process was simulated by gradual smoothening of the modeled surfaces and then images corresponding to each wearing stage were generated. The theoretically predicted variation of the image brightness due to wear was experimentally verified using images from a gradually worn out concrete specimen. Finally it was illustrated how the brightness evaluation of wheel path images has the potential to be a screening tool to monitor the degradation of macrotexture and hence the skid-resistance of pavements at the network level.
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Panthi, Kamalesh. "A Methodological Framework for Modeling Pavement Maintenance Costs for Projects with Performance-based Contracts." FIU Digital Commons, 2009. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/120.
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Performance-based maintenance contracts differ significantly from material and method-based contracts that have been traditionally used to maintain roads. Road agencies around the world have moved towards a performance-based contract approach because it offers several advantages like cost saving, better budgeting certainty, better customer satisfaction with better road services and conditions. Payments for the maintenance of road are explicitly linked to the contractor successfully meeting certain clearly defined minimum performance indicators in these contracts. Quantitative evaluation of the cost of performance-based contracts has several difficulties due to the complexity of the pavement deterioration process. Based on a probabilistic analysis of failures of achieving multiple performance criteria over the length of the contract period, an effort has been made to develop a model that is capable of estimating the cost of these performance-based contracts. One of the essential functions of such model is to predict performance of the pavement as accurately as possible. Prediction of future degradation of pavement is done using Markov Chain Process, which requires estimating transition probabilities from previous deterioration rate for similar pavements. Transition probabilities were derived using historical pavement condition rating data, both for predicting pavement deterioration when there is no maintenance, and for predicting pavement improvement when maintenance activities are performed. A methodological framework has been developed to estimate the cost of maintaining road based on multiple performance criteria such as crack, rut and, roughness. The application of the developed model has been demonstrated via a real case study of Miami Dade Expressways (MDX) using pavement condition rating data from Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) for a typical performance-based asphalt pavement maintenance contract. Results indicated that the pavement performance model developed could predict the pavement deterioration quite accurately. Sensitivity analysis performed shows that the model is very responsive to even slight changes in pavement deterioration rate and performance constraints. It is expected that the use of this model will assist the highway agencies and contractors in arriving at a fair contract value for executing long term performance-based pavement maintenance works.
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Zhai, Dong. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTIVITY." UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/44.
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Over the past decades, information technology has been impacting industries, economics, the way of life and even the culture throughout the world. Productivity has been attracting much attention as an important indicator of economics, and numerous researchers have investigated the relationship between information technology and productivity. Construction is one of the largest industries in the United States, but little research has been conducted to investigate the relationship between information technology and construction productivity.
The major objective of this dissertation is to determine the degree (if any) to which information technology usage, specifically the use of information technology to automate and integrate construction project work functions, is related to construction productivity. First, the author analyzed the relationship between information technology and construction productivity on a national-level basis. Second, the author compared the relationship between information technology’ contribution to value added growth and productivity in the construction industry with other industries. Third, the author performed a series of statistical analyses to investigate the relationship between construction productivity and automation and integration applications at the construction project level. Based on the above results, the author developed a matrix to map the relationship between technology usage on each work function and productivity in the concrete, structural steel, electrical and piping trades. In addition, a technology index developed from technology usage on all of the work functions were used to investigate the general effect of information technology usage on a project level.
In order to leverage the relative importance of technology on each work function, regression analyses were performed to obtain a further understanding of the relationship. Factor analysis was also applied to identify the latent factors and simplify the patterns of relationships among the different work functions. This analysis could provide construction companies an indication about information technology usage priority and deployment in their work. Finally, a detailed examination of how Building Information Modeling, representing a current significant advancement of information technology usage on many construction projects, impacts the performance of a specific construction project is performed through a case example.
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尤孩明 and Haiming You. "Organizational strategies for construction technology transfer to China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31241281.
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You, Haiming. "Organizational strategies for construction technology transfer to China /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21779545.
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Clucas, Scott Richard. "Construction as a Curriculum Organizer for Technology Education." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30772.
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This dissertation was the result of an investigation into the relative importance of construction as a curriculum organizer for the field of technology education. In particular, it concentrated on the relationship between construction technology and the principles of general education and technological literacy. The review of literature focused on the historic roles and meanings of this curriculum organizer and these principles as the discipline evolved from the industrial arts into technology education. Operational definitions were synthesized and the linkages between them was clearly identified.
To address technology education's contribution to general education, or the full development of the human personality, the spheres of human/technology interaction model was developed. The model is based on the idea that people interact with technology and evaluate those interactions from three fundamental perspectives. Those perspectives were identified as the civic-life sphere, the personal-life sphere, and the work-life sphere.
One hundred and forty-eight faculty members of technology teacher education programs in colleges and universities throughout the United States were surveyed. A 77% return rate was obtained. The survey included four major sections in addition to requesting limited information about the respondents and their programs. The four major sections asked the respondents to: 1) Evaluate potential goals for a K-12 technology education program. 2) Determine the relative importance of 10 study areas or curriculum organizers as they related to each of the three spheres of interaction. 3) Determine the percentage of the technology education curriculum that should be allocated to each of the three spheres of human/technology interaction. 4) Provide selected information about the way construction is offered and taught in technology teacher education programs.
Medoid cluster analysis was used to evaluate the data derived from the goals of technology education portion of the survey. Using this information, three clusters were formed and initial respondent membership for each cluster was established. Subsequently, discriminant analysis was used to accomplish three goals: 1) Refine the initial assignment of respondents to the clusters. 2) Identify those variables that offered a significant level of discrimination between clusters. 3) Determine the accuracy of assignment to the clusters or groups. The canonical correlation 2, calculated by the discriminant analysis program, indicated that 66.3% of the variance was explained by the variables that were significant at a .05 level. After comparing the mean scores of the discriminating variables across the three clusters, one cluster was identified as favoring technological literacy, one favored industrial technology education, and one was ambivalent.
T-tests were used to determine if any significant difference existed between clusters or groups. It was of particular interest to this research that no significant difference was found related to the relative importance of construction. All groups concluded that construction should comprise approximately 10% of the technology education curriculum.
Finally, a schedule was established which allocated various percentages of the curriculum to each of the 10 study areas or curriculum organizers as they relate to the three spheres of human/technology interaction. This schedule was based on the relative importance assigned by the technological literacy cluster. The technological literacy cluster offered the most balanced allocation of the technology education curriculum across the three spheres of human/technology interaction.Ph. D.
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Smith, Brad Steven. "Design and Construction of Pavements in Cold Regions: State of the Practice." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1654.pdf.
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Al-Jhayyish, Anwer K. "Incorporating Chemical Stabilization of the Subgrade in Pavement Design andConstruction Practices." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1405480246.
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Al, Hakim Bachar. "An improved backcalculation method to predict flexible pavement layers moduli and bonding condition between wearing course and base course." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1997. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5571/.
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The aim of this research project is to develop an improved backcalculation procedure, for the determination of flexible pavement properties from the Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) test results. The conventional backcalculation methods estimate the pavement layer moduli assuming full adhesion exists between layers in the analysis process. The method developed in this research can predict the interface condition between the wearing and the base courses in addition to the layer moduli, which can be considered an improvement to the existing procedures. A two stage database procedure has been used to predict the above parameters and to facilitate the determination of the deflection insensitive parameters. The need for this improvement arises from the large number of debonding failures which have been reported in the literature between the wearing and base courses, and the theoretical studies which identified the significance of including the interface bonding condition in the analysis process. The validation of the improved method has been carried out firstly by comparing the backcalculated results for ninety theoretical pavements with their hypothetical values, and secondly by comparing the improved procedure results with other well known programs such as WESDEF and MODULUS. Full scale pavement testing using the FWD has been performed and the backcalculated results compared with measured values for the pavement materials. Indirect tensile tests for resilient modulus of bituminous materials were carried out on cores extracted for the pavements, whereas Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) tests were conducted for the unbound materials. The Backcalculated and the physically measured results correlated well, validating the improved procedure.
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Yun, Shiu-Huei, and 袁秀慧. "Study of Systemic Innovation Technology for the Improvement of Permeable Pavement Construction." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72239355529427741098.
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碩士中華大學
土木工程學系碩士班
103
ABSTRACT Men have consumed large fossil fuels worldwide which resulted in serious green house and global warming effects. Such conditions have prompted frequent extreme weather events and caused countless flooding problems. Engineering experts have indicated an efficient mitigation strategy – let buildings retain water and roadways keep water. It means that if buildings and roadways can be served as retention ponds, flooding problems should be greatly reduced. Walkways are widespread fundamental structures in metropolitan areas. Therefore, if its permeability and water retention can be greatly improved, it will be beneficial for the flooding control in that area. By literature searching, collecting, compiling, and inducing, this research explores the advantages and the limitations for all types of traditional pavements and innovated permeable pavement construction for walkways. Systematic innovation technology ﹙TRIZ﹚ was used to initiate probable solutions to alleviate the weakness of permeable pavement. Research results indicate that use of geodrain to produce a hydraulic conductive pavement potentially presents many valuable advantages such as surface permeability, subsurface water retention, and pavement durability. In addition, the system also has shown environmental and ecological benefits and ambient air temperature adjustment ability. The system conforms to the requirements of friendly environment and sustainable development. Keywords: sustainable development, systematic innovation technology, TRIZ, hydraulic conductive pavement, site water retention
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Tseng, Kuo-Ching, and 曾國慶. "Application of the LiDAR technology for flexible pavement construction measurement ― A case study of road flat pavement in Taipei city." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5cp5m5.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
河海工程學系
102
In this study, we tested the thickness, flatness, and compaction of flexible pavement constructions. We used Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology to conduct comprehensive measurements. The comprehensiveness and comparability of 3D spatial mapping information were combined with analysis to examine whether flexible pavement constructions conform to code requirements, and thereby evaluate the feasibility of replacing the currently available high-low detectors or conducting 3-m straightedge inspection using LiDAR and achieving the objective of reducing the use of destructive testing (i.e., sampling by core drilling). A case involving the site of maintenance construction for a flawed roadway reported by citizens through the 1999 line at Number 219 Xinan Road, Shilin District, Taipei City, was selected in this study. LiDAR was conducted to scan and measure the site before, during, and after construction and resolve the 3D point cloud results. Subsequently, a cross-section map and a contour map were plotted to determine the locations and ranges that exceeded the code requirement standards (flatness: ± 2.6 mm; thickness: > 5 ± 0.5 cm). In this study, LiDAR measurements were conducted 3 times at a fixed station. The standard deviation of the measured target was lower than 1 mm, indicating that adopting fixed-station measurement for a short distance yielded excellent precision and a certain degree of reliability. Therefore, LiDAR can be used in testing flexible pavement. The flatness of pavement was analyzed using the contour map and vertical sections with an interval of 50 cm. After calculation, the flatness failure rate in the studied case reached 69.518%. The pavement thickness was determined using the color gradient of arithmetic distribution before calculating the area of each block. Nonconforming ranges were manifested clearly. The proposed method was more comprehensive compared with the use of random core drilling for sampling testing. We determined whether the compaction fulfilled the standard code requirements by calculating the material weight of asphalt concrete based on the relative relationship between the actual fill volume measured and the specific weight. The obtained material weight was compared with the ratio of material weight estimated by the manufacturers for evaluation. The calculated results of compaction in this case was 83% (lower than 95%), which was considered as a failure. A retest must be conducted using core drilling to conduct sampling in areas containing flexible pavement with higher thickness. Because no studies regarding the application of LiDAR in testing flexible pavement thickness and compaction have been conducted previously, the LiDAR scanning, measurement, analysis, and calculation methods used to determine flatness, thickness, and compaction can provide references for improving testing operations and technologies used in domestic flexible pavement construction.
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Smith, Timothy. "Planning and management of aircraft pavement construction." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/24215.
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Chien, Chien-Liang, and 簡正樑. "Framework Construction of Pay Asjusment For Pavement Roughness." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70013605974149373323.
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碩士國立成功大學
土木工程學系專班
94
ABSTRACT Pavement roughness affects the comfort of driving on the road. A good quality for the roughness of the road could provide a better service as well as a longer PVT lift. Thus, pavement roughness can be a good judgment for the performance of the road construction. However, the major factors influeniry the roughness of the road construction are by the workmanship and the quality control of the road contractor. Therefore, to construct an adjustable payment framework system according to the degree of road pavement roughness would be a good solution for a better road. The first step is collecting the data for International Roughness Index (IRI) of the provincial roads in Taiwan. The Monte carol simulation process is used to predict the life cycle costs (Lthe CC). According to the existed models, we can compare Kaoshiung case with that of Pingtung case. In Kaoshiung case, without any special damage cause by construction or others paving can serve about 12.6 years; In Pingtung case, although it has higher rate of deteriorate, however, it also has a lower initial pavement roughness. In the end, the service period of Pingtung is three years more then that of Kaoshiung. The main concept of this paper is first, using existed ground IRI index and the Monte carol simulation process to modify an initial pavement IRI index. Second, by the concept of lift span coast to except its service life span and pay adjustment and pay factor. Finally, through the Web function to process a reliability analysis. Using such concept, this paper has successfully model a Kaoshiung road pavement construction case for its ten years lift span and has only 45.8% to accrue 47.5% different. The purpose of this paper is to summarize a reasonable method for modeling the pavement life-cycle cost. The modeling method would help to create a fair and reasonable process according to the rating of the design roughness of road pavement for both the highway agency and the contractor. Using by reasonable pay adjustment (PA) and reward for the result of construction, the agency would improve the quality of road construction.