Journal articles on the topic 'Technology in sheep production'
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1
Maxwell, T. J., Mary D. Lloyd, and I. A. Dickson. "Upland sheep production systems." BSAP Occasional Publication 10 (1985): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00030780.
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AbstractUpland sheep production systems based on the utilisation of enclosed sown pastures are considered in relation to environmental constraints, recent trends in marketing requirements and a continuing need to improve economic efficiency. The need for quantitatively described decision making in relation to both the testing, development and application of new technology is discussed with particular reference to those factors influencing herbage growth, utilisation and management.Relatively few upland farms are capable of producing marketable fat lambs before the decline in returns per kg lamb in June. Although higher returns for heavier fat or store lambs can be obtained in the autumn, the degree to which this maximizes the returns per ha will be dependent upon the stocking rate and ewe and lamb performance during the summer. It will also be dependent on the extent to which there is competition for pasture in the autumn and its effect on ewe live weight and condition during the pre-mating and post-mating period; weight and condition will affect reproductive performance which has a substantial effect on returns per ha.The significance of sward height as a means of controlling the performance of sheep grazing sown pastures is reviewed in relation to ongoing and completed systems experiments and development projects. It is concluded that, for practical purposes, a sward height held between 3.5 and 5.5 cm will provide a sound basis for management of the lactating ewe and suckling lamb until weaning. The means of achieving sward height control in varying farming situations and the development of commercially viable management systems is considered.In the development of systems towards improving production efficiency, a better description of responses to both level and pattern of N used is required. The need for a better understanding of responses of the ewe in terms of ovulation rate and embryo wastage to changing sward characteristics in the autumn and to the use of supplementary feeding is also required. New techniques, such as the endocrine manipulation of reproductive performance, need to be assessed in relation to existing practices and performance.
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Hindson, J. C. "Sheep health: husbandry and production problems." BSAP Occasional Publication 14 (January 1990): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00002081.
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AbstractThe paper is based on problems found in a large ‘farm animal’ practice in Devon, in which the author is largely committed to the sheep work. There are some 80 000 sheep in the area, and some 1·5 million in the county of Devon which are kept under varying conditions from the high areas of Dartmoor to the very intensive flocks on permanent grass on heavy soils. A brief look is made at the effects of health research over the last 50 years in the context of present problems and/or barriers to future efficiency. Also present production problems are examined, in particular those relating to coccidiosis and ‘ill thrift’. The problems of the field application of modern technology are considered in the areas of: (1) manipulation of the breeding season, in an attempt to even out the production curve, using sponges, PMS and melatonin and teaser rams; (2) manipulation of prolificacy, using fecundin and prolific hybrids; and (3) genetic manipulation/improvement, using Meat and Livestock Commission backfat/eye muscle recording schemes, sire referencing, AI and MOET.A scheme for the best utilization of veterinary surgeon/farmer relationship is outlined and mention is made as to the future direction of the industry as seen from the ‘sharp end’.
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Hudson, P. R. W. "High Technology Options for Sheep Shearing: Improved Shearing Devices." Outlook on Agriculture 15, no. 4 (December 1986): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072708601500408.
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Wool production is a very important factor in the Australian economy, representing $3 billion in exports. Nevertheless, rising production costs and growing competition from manmade fibres necessitate increased attention to all aspects of productivity if the industry worldwide is to remain viable. As some 80 per cent of labour content is involved in harvesting wool, improvements in the shearing process potentially offer particular opportunities for economies. This article reviews the results of a widely based Australian research programme which has investigated the fundamental physics of wool severance, especially in terms of energy requirement, leading to improved design of shearing devices incorporating more efficient motors and novel cutter materials. Subsequent articles will review the process of automated mechanical shearing and chemical and biological defleecing.
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Morris, Jessica E., Greg M. Cronin, and Russell D. Bush. "Improving sheep production and welfare in extensive systems through precision sheep management." Animal Production Science 52, no. 7 (2012): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an11097.
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This overview discusses how precision sheep management could be utilised in the Australian sheep industry to improve production efficiency and reduce animal welfare concerns due to low monitoring frequency by stockpeople. The concept of precision sheep management is described. This is a system in which sheep are managed as individuals or small groups rather than as a (whole) flock. Precision sheep management utilises the application of radio frequency identification technology, enabling producers to better monitor sheep in extensive situations, and contribute to improved efficiency of management and sheep welfare. Examples of combining radio frequency identification with other technologies such as walk-over-weighing and Pedigree Matchmaker are discussed. These technologies provide producers with tools to improve the cost effectiveness of, and labour efficiency associated with, collecting data on individual animals. The combined technologies should also improve consistency and reliability of information, enhancing decision-making by producers, for example, from regular monitoring of biometric variables such as liveweight, or calculating breeding values to enable superior genetic comparisons over time.
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Petrovic, Milan, M. M. Petrovic, Dragana Ruzic-Muslic, M. Zujovic, S. Pejcic, and N. Delic. "Innovation of extensive system for milk production on Stara planina mountain." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 23, no. 1-2 (2007): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0702021p.
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In the last decades, old production technology used on farms on mountain of Stara planina was the reason why milk production wasn't profitable activity and therefore livestock production had collapse. In this paper current situation is analyzed and new knowledge introduced in production of sheep and cow milk on farms located in that region. The analysis of breed structure shows that in population of Pirot Pramenka sheep and local Simmental population of cattle, effects in milk production are rather poor. Introduction of modern knowledge of milk production would considerably increase the milk yield of sheep and cows and motivate the rural population to revive dairy livestock production. Through application of new solutions regarding of breeding and farm organizations, milk yield in sheep was increased per head by 8-15%, and quantity of milk in cows was increased by 10-16%. Also the health condition of the udder was improved and somatic cell count was reduced within the limits regulated by law.
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Chuchu, Simon Mwangi, and James Rugami Maina. "Value Chain Support Activities and Performance of Sheep Production Projects in Nyandarua County, Kenya." International Journal of Business Management, Entrepreneurship and Innovation 3, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/jbmed.v3i1.167.
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As Kenya grapples with meat deficit and reduced livestock productivity in the ASALs, sheep production in the high rainfall areas offers an opportunity to bridge the gap. Sheep and goats have many advantages over large ruminants for most farmers, including lower capital investment requirement for flock establishment, lower feed consumptions and thus lower food-related costs, high fecundity and thus faster flock building, and are easier to manage. However, sheep production still faces a myriad of challenges that result in low productivity and ultimately low returns to farmers. Projects have been designed and implemented to improve sheep productivity but with little impact. The performance of such projects in terms of timeliness, cost, budget compliance, and quality has been questioned. This research aims to assess how various value chain support activities influence the performance of sheep production projects in Nyandarua County, Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to examine the influence of firm infrastructure assess the influence of human resource management, explore the influence of technology development, and evaluate the influence of procurement on the performance of sheep production projects in Nyandarua County, Kenya. Value chain support activities are the independent variable while the dependent variable is the performance of sheep production projects. The theories that support this study are Capability-Based View, Knowledge-Based View, Resource-based view, and Market-Based View. Descriptive design was used to conduct the study whose population was drawn from sheep production value chain stakeholders in the county, whose population is estimated at 596, 268. A sample size of 271 stakeholders were reached. Qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis while descriptive statistics were used to analyze quantitative data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in analyzing the data. Results were presented in form of tables, percentages, bar charts, and graphs. The study found that effective leadership styles has a positive influence on employees’ motivation and morale and contribute positively to organizational and sheep production projects performance. At the same time, human capital planning, acquisition, and development strategies have a more positive influence on organizational and sheep production projects performance than traditional strategies. Further, information technology contributes to the successful introduction of new products or services, improved operational processes and provides guidance to decision making on project implementation and thus affect positively project performance. Moreover, respondents approved that, procurement is a strategic function in that it not only contributes to costs reduction but also to the achievement of budgetary compliance in sheep production projects. It can, therefore, be concluded that firm infrastructure, human resource management, technological development, and procurement are all key success factors in the increased performance of sheep production projects. As part of the recommendation, players in the sheep production value chain should consider adequately investing in firm infrastructure, human resource management, technological development, and procurement. They should also be guided by effective leadership styles that will yield the desired outcome through a positive influence on employees' motivation and morale while exercising human capital planning, acquisition, and development strategies to enhance organizational performance.
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Shi, Ruijun, Shuwei Li, Penggang Liu, Shuhui Zhang, Zhenhui Wu, Tinghui Wu, Shujuan Gong, and Yu Wan. "Identification of key genes and signaling pathways related to Hetian sheep wool density by RNA-seq technology." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (May 25, 2022): e0265989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265989.
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Hetian sheep is a breed of sheep unique to the Hetian area of Xinjiang whose wool is used for producing blankets. Individual differences and hair follicle density are the key factors affecting wool production. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the Hetian sheep having different wool densities to statistically analyze the wool traits and hair follicle parameters. Furthermore, the transcriptome sequencing analysis was performed on the skins with different wool densities. The results showed that wool quantity and total hair follicle density of the high wool density sheep was significantly higher than low wool density sheep. The sheepskin with high wool density was found to grow more and finer wool than sheepskin with low wool density. A total of 1,452 differentially expressed genes were screened from the two sets of samples, including 754 upregulated and 698 downregulated genes. The differentially expressed genes were involved in the TGF-β/BMP and MAPK signaling pathways related to hair growth. Eleven differentially expressed genes belonging to the KAPs and KIFs might affect the fineness of the wool. The key genes, like the TNF, MAP2K2, INHBA, FST, PTPN11, MAP3K7, KIT, and BMPR1A, were found to probably affect the growth and density of the wool. The qPCR verified eight genes related to the MAPK pathway whose gene expression trends were consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results. This study furnishes valuable resources for enhancing the quality and production of wool in the Hetian sheep.
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Cividini, A., and D. Kompan. "Analysis of rearing technology used by sheep breeders in Slovenia." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 27, no. 3 (2011): 1097–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1103097c.
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In Slovenia low and medium production systems are prevalent in sheep breeding. The rearing technology depends on a large number of factors. The main factors affecting the choice of rearing technology are sheep breed, local conditions, season of mating and weaning time. In the present study the rearing technology in sheep breeding was analyzed. This analysis included the results of 293 questionnaires from sheep breeders of autochthonous Jezersko-Solcava and Improved Jezersko-Solcava breed. Data were subjected to the frequency analysis, using the FREQ procedure of the SAS Statistical Software (1990). The population size in the flocks of these breeders was mostly from 5 to 50 animals (73.3%). The lambing system is year-round (80%) and seasonal (7.5%). The wanted litter size of 47% of breeders is just one live born lamb. Breeders weaned their lambs at 60-90 days of age or even later. Lambs stayed with their mothers almost till the end of lactation (16-20 weeks) or till the sale to the market when they weighted 30-35 kg. Early spring and summer born lambs stayed with their mothers on the pastures with no supplement. Winter born lambs stayed with their mothers in the stable, fed by hay and supplement (cereals or commercial concentrate). The rearing technology used by Slovenian sheep breeders is sustainable and gives the opportunity for conservation of autochthonous breeds in the original environment.
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Lubko, Dmytro. "Design of a reference intelligence expert system for sheep breeding in national private farms." Ukrainian Journal of Educational Studies and Information Technology 5, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32919/uesit.2017.03.01.
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The paper deals with the design of a reference intelligence expert system for sheep breeding. The process of its design and its functional capabilities are described. The developed reference intelligence expert system makes it possible to display recommendations and tips on the computer screen to select a rational and effective sheep breeding technology, as well as to print the received data. The developed system has a two-tier structure, namely, dialog selection of input criteria (data), as well as a module for logical processing and output of reasonable technology recommendations (output data). The step-by-step method of designing the system is determined. The first step is to obtain a technical specification from the customer (farm, enterprise, farmer, etc.) for the development of a reference system. The second step is to determine criteria for the technology in keeping with the farm requirement specification according to the literature and sheep breeding requirements. The third step is to identify the most important factors influencing the process of sheep raising for each of these criteria. The fourth step is to define the main production rules for which the system will be programmed, namely, the module for logical knowledge processing for this technology (and these are the input parameters (factors) when designing the system). The fifth step is to determine the main output criteria (factors) that will be displayed after processing the input rules of the system based on logical deduction rules according to the appropriate sheep breeding technology. The sixth step is to design buttons for more convenient system usage, in addition, if necessary, or at the request of the customer (for example, a button for deleting previous information in windows, a button for storing recommendations in a separate text file, the exit button, etc.). The seventh step is to test the system by users and the customer. The eighth step is to adopt the developed system by the customer and correct it, if necessary. The ninth step is to provide maintenance of the developed system. The block of input data of the developed intelligence expert system has the following elements: a) sheep handling (pasture-stall, stall-pasture); b) sheep condition (higher condition, average condition, lower than average condition); c) sheep breeding type (meat, milk, meat and milk, wool); d) sheep feeding (meat-and-wool sheep, rams of meat-and-goat sheep, sucking females to lactation); e) methods of breeding (purebred, crossing). The block of output factors where appropriate rational recommendations for sheep breeding technology comprises: a) recommendations for sheep handling; b) recommendations for treatment of sheep diseases; c) recommendations for sheep feeding; d) sheep slaughter and storage of products; e) recommended sheep breeds; f) recommendations for sheep breeding; g) characteristics of products. The developed system is intended primarily for private national farmers or interested private householders. It is noted that the use of this system will allow private households to increase the production and quality of meat, wool, lambskin and furs when breeding sheep. This will reduce the cost of the breeding technology, save the farmer time, allow to save on medicines, feeds, which, in turn, will increase profits and profitability of farms.
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Hopkins, D. L. "Processing technology changes in the Australian sheep meat industry: an overview." Animal Production Science 51, no. 5 (2011): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an10258.
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Over the last 20 years the Australian sheep industry, particularly the lamb meat sector, has undergone a major change in focus such that consumer requirements are a paramount determinant for production and processing developments. As a result automatic accurate methods of measuring carcasses for traits like fatness and meat yield have been important to aid a reduction by industry in carcass fat levels in line with domestic and international consumer demand. This occurred while carcass weight increased due to a range of genetic and production factors implemented on-farm. Further to this in the last 5–7 years there has been a dramatic increase in the adoption of electrical technologies based on new methodologies with a shift in focus onto eating quality. Underlying this new approach was the electrical stimulation of individual carcasses on segmented electrodes in a dose-responsive way with electricity that has short pulse widths and low to medium voltages and is thus much safer than the original high voltage systems. This technology allowed stimulation units to be fitted into abattoirs where this was not previously possible and validation showed that the technology could reduce toughness in lamb destined for the domestic market and some export markets. More recent technology to stretch and shape cuts shows promise for improving both the quality and product range from sheep and lamb carcasses. The industry continues to focus on meat quality and has shown a significant increase in exports, while maintaining per-capita domestic consumption at record retail prices. This indicates an industry where research investment across the board has shown significant returns.
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Hennessy, Patrick J., Travis J. Esau, Aitazaz A. Farooque, Arnold W. Schumann, Qamar U. Zaman, and Kenny W. Corscadden. "Hair Fescue and Sheep Sorrel Identification Using Deep Learning in Wild Blueberry Production." Remote Sensing 13, no. 5 (March 3, 2021): 943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13050943.
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Deep learning convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are an emerging technology that provide an opportunity to increase agricultural efficiency through remote sensing and automatic inferencing of field conditions. This paper examined the novel use of CNNs to identify two weeds, hair fescue and sheep sorrel, in images of wild blueberry fields. Commercial herbicide sprayers provide a uniform application of agrochemicals to manage patches of these weeds. Three object-detection and three image-classification CNNs were trained to identify hair fescue and sheep sorrel using images from 58 wild blueberry fields. The CNNs were trained using 1280x720 images and were tested at four different internal resolutions. The CNNs were retrained with progressively smaller training datasets ranging from 3780 to 472 images to determine the effect of dataset size on accuracy. YOLOv3-Tiny was the best object-detection CNN, detecting at least one target weed per image with F1-scores of 0.97 for hair fescue and 0.90 for sheep sorrel at 1280 × 736 resolution. Darknet Reference was the most accurate image-classification CNN, classifying images containing hair fescue and sheep sorrel with F1-scores of 0.96 and 0.95, respectively at 1280 × 736. MobileNetV2 achieved comparable results at the lowest resolution, 864 × 480, with F1-scores of 0.95 for both weeds. Training dataset size had minimal effect on accuracy for all CNNs except Darknet Reference. This technology can be used in a smart sprayer to control target specific spray applications, reducing herbicide use. Future work will involve testing the CNNs for use on a smart sprayer and the development of an application to provide growers with field-specific information. Using CNNs to improve agricultural efficiency will create major cost-savings for wild blueberry producers.
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Lu, Zengkui, Yaojing Yue, Chao Yuan, Jianbin Liu, Zhiqiang Chen, Chune Niu, Xiaoping Sun, et al. "Genome-Wide Association Study of Body Weight Traits in Chinese Fine-Wool Sheep." Animals 10, no. 1 (January 19, 2020): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10010170.
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Body weight is an important economic trait for sheep and it is vital for their successful production and breeding. Therefore, identifying the genomic regions and biological pathways that contribute to understanding variability in body weight traits is significant for selection purposes. In this study, the genome-wide associations of birth, weaning, yearling, and adult weights of 460 fine-wool sheep were determined using resequencing technology. The results showed that 113 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) reached the genome-wide significance levels for the four body weight traits and 30 genes were annotated effectively, including AADACL3, VGF, NPC1, and SERPINA12. The genes annotated by these SNPs significantly enriched 78 gene ontology terms and 25 signaling pathways, and were found to mainly participate in skeletal muscle development and lipid metabolism. These genes can be used as candidate genes for body weight in sheep, and provide useful information for the production and genomic selection of Chinese fine-wool sheep.
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Colato, C., M. Albornoz, M. L. Mellano, P. H. Mellano, J. I. Mellano, A. Meltsas, M. A. Mellano, J. C. Mellano, V. Bordignon, and H. Baldassarre. "33 PRODUCTION OF CLONED BOER GOATS AND DORPER SHEEP IN ARGENTINA." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 23, no. 1 (2011): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv23n1ab33.
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Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been proposed as an outstanding tool for expanding the dissemination capacity of animals of extreme genetic value, as well as for the genetic resurrection of elite animals affected by incurable disease or that died suddenly. Numbers of outstanding males of meat-specialised breeds of goats (Boer) and sheep (Dorper) recently imported into Argentina were expanded using SCNT technology. Oocytes were collected by laparoscopic ovum pickup (LOPU) from 40 Raza Criolla goats and 38 crossbreed sheep that were hormonally stimulated, as described previously (Baldassarre et al. 2002 Theriogenology 57, 275). Oocyte maturation, cell transfer, fusion and activation, culture, and transfer to recipients were conducted following procedures previously described (Baldassarre et al. 2003 Cloning Stem Cells 5, 279). Briefly, oocytes were matured in vitro for 24 h in TCM 199 supplemented with hormones and 10% serum, at 38.5°C and 5% CO2. 2 caprine fetal fibroblast cell lines (FF1 and FF2) were established from purebred Boer fetuses generated by selective breeding of elite animals, while a fibroblast ovine line was established from a skin biopsy from an elite Dorper ram. Cells were transferred into previously enucleated oocytes, followed by electric fusion using a single DC pulse of 1.6 kV cm–1 for 70 μs. Finally, the reconstructed embryos were activated using ionomycin (5 μM/5 min) followed by cycloheximide (10 μg mL–1) and cytochalasin B (7.5 μg mL–1) for 4 to 5 h, followed by in vitro culture in mSOF media before transfer into the oviducts of synchronized recipients within 24 h after fusion. An average of 10.4 and 12.8 reconstructed embryos were transferred to each of 21 and 12 recipient goats and sheep, respectively. Pregnancy was detected and monitored for the first 3 months by transrectal ultrasound scanning. Initial pregnancy (4 recipients, 33%) was maintained from gestation Day 30 to term in sheep, while goats exhibited a dramatic drop from 9 recipients pregnant (41%) on Day 30 to only 2 (9%) giving birth. Deliveries were by elective C-section. The number of normal offspring with good postpartum survival was 2/2 in goats (100%) and 3/5 (60%) in sheep. Substantial differences were observed between the 2 cell lines used in goats, where pregnancy was 4/11 (36%) for FF1 and 5/10 (50%) for FF2 at Day 30; however, only 2 goats carrying FF2 pregnancies carried. These results are in agreement with previous reports suggesting that cell line may be the largest source of result variation in SCNT. At the time of writing this abstract these clones are ∼4 months of age, healthy and growing normally (>40 kg weight). To the best of our knowledge, these are the first cloned goats produced by SCNT technology in Latin America, and the second group to produce cloned sheep in the region.
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Faccia, M., A. Trani, G. Gambacorta, P. Loizzo, A. Cassone, and F. Caponio. "Production technology and characterization of Fior di latte cheeses made from sheep and goat milks." Journal of Dairy Science 98, no. 3 (March 2015): 1402–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2014-7953.
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Bowman, P. J., D. A. Wysel, D. G. Fowler, and D. H. White. "Evaluation of a new technology when applied to sheep production systems: Part I—Model description." Agricultural Systems 29, no. 1 (1989): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-521x(89)90069-3.
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Ward, Kevin A., and Bruce W. Brown. "The production of transgenic domestic livestock: successes, failures and the need for nuclear transfer." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 10, no. 8 (1998): 659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd98074.
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The direct transfer of recombinant DNA to embryos is conceptually a powerful method for the manipulation of the genetic potential of domestic animals, but in practice the technology has yet to fulfil its promise. In this paper, two examples are given of research utilising direct genetic manipulation, both of which are aimed at increasing aspects of productivity in sheep. The first of these involves the modification of the growth hormone status of sheep by the use of the ovine growth hormone gene, the regulation of which has been altered by the use of an ovine metallothionein promoter. While there has been a large amount of research already conducted in this area by many groups, our recent results provide one of the first demonstrations that this approach can increase the growth rates of sheep while maintaining the animals in good health. The second project involves the modification of intermediary metabolism in sheep by the introduction of the cysteine biosynthetic pathway. The results to date demonstrate that it is possible to change intermediary metabolism in animals using our approach but that there are species-specific requirements that must be satisfied in order to make the approach a practical method for improving animal productivity.
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Wang, Jiankui, Kai Cui, Zu Yang, Tun Li, Guoying Hua, Deping Han, Yanzhu Yao, et al. "Transcriptome Analysis of Improved Wool Production in Skin-Specific Transgenic Sheep Overexpressing Ovine β-Catenin." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 3 (January 31, 2019): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20030620.
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β-Catenin is an evolutionarily conserved molecule in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls decisive steps in embryogenesis and functions as a crucial effector in the development of hair follicles. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying wool production have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of ovine β-catenin on wool follicles of transgenic sheep produced by pronuclear microinjection with a skin-specific promoter of human keratin14 (k14). Both polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analysis showed that the sheep carried the ovine β-catenin gene and that the β-catenin gene could be stably inherited. To study the molecular responses to high expression of β-catenin, high-throughput RNA-seq technology was employed using three transgenic sheep and their wild-type siblings. These findings suggest that β-catenin normally plays an important role in wool follicle development by activating the downstream genes of the Wnt pathway and enhancing the expression of keratin protein genes and keratin-associated protein genes.
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Mateva-Dubrova, Natasa, Z. Naletoski, and B. Palasevski. "Technology and chemical composition of beaten cheese in Republic of Macedonia." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 24, no. 1-2 (2008): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0802139m.
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Beaten cheese is autochthonous product of our country whose production started long time ago. In the past it was produced only in the region Mariovo where it was made from pure sheep milk, but today it is produced in other regions of the country and from mix of sheep and cow milk and mix from sheep and goat milk. In the most parts of the country beaten cheese is manufactured in industrial conditions, but in some places it is still made at home. According to our research using two different types of renet, Chy-max (genetic rennet) and Stabbo (combined rennet) we developed technology for production of two variants of beaten cheese by industrial way. Chemical composition of beaten cheese produced by genetic rennet on 45th day of the ripening was: dry matter 59.67%, fat 21.74%, proteins 21.95%, salt 3.58%, acidity 191oT and pH 5.24. Beaten cheese made using combined rennet showed this chemical composition: dry matter 58.01%, fat 21.54%, proteins 22.09, salt 3.51%, acidity 184oT and pH 5.17. The level of protein hydrolyses was in the type produced with combined rennet. Soluble nitrogen at the end of ripening was 0.66%, primary nitrogen materials 0.60% and secondary nitrogen materials 0.05%. On 45th day of ripening in brine quantity of soluble nitrogen in beaten cheese made with genetic rennet was 0.62%, primary nitrogen materials 0.57% and secondary nitrogen materials 0.05%. The kinetics of salt diffusion was nearly equal and to the end of ripening in the first variant it was 3.5% and in the second 3.51%. Because the level of dry matter used in first type was higher, cheese yield was 10.96%, compared to the second type where cheese yield was 8.63%.
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Fogarty, Eloise S., David L. Swain, Greg M. Cronin, Luis E. Moraes, Derek W. Bailey, and Mark G. Trotter. "Potential for autonomous detection of lambing using global navigation satellite system technology." Animal Production Science 60, no. 9 (2020): 1217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an18654.
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Context On-animal sensing systems are being promoted as a solution to the increased demand for monitoring livestock for health and welfare. One key sensor platform, global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning, provides information on the location and movement of sheep. This information could be used to detect partition in sheep, a key period of time when both ewes and lambs are at risk. The development of algorithms based on key behavioural features could provide alerts to sheep managers to enable intervention when problems arise. Aims To investigate the use of GNSS monitoring as a method for detecting behavioural changes in sheep in the period around parturition. Methods GNSS collars were attached to 40 late gestation ewes grazing a 3.09 ha paddock in New Zealand. Several metrics were derived: (i) mean daily speed, (ii) maximum daily speed, (iii) minimum daily speed, (iv) mean daily distance to peers, and (v) spatial paddock utilisation by 95% minimum convex polygon. Speed metrics and distance to peers were also evaluated at an hourly scale for the 12 h before and 12 h after lambing. Key results Minimum daily speed peaked on the day of parturition (P < 0.001), suggesting animals may have been expressing more agitation and did not settle. Isolation was also evident during this time, with postpartum ewes located further from their peers than pre-partum ewes (P < 0.001). Day of lambing was also evident by reduced spatial paddock utilisation (P < 0.001). Conclusions This study demonstrates that GNSS technology can be used to detect parturition-related behaviours in sheep at a day scale; however, detection at the hour scale using GNSS is not possible. Implications This research highlights the opportunity to develop predictive models that autonomously detect behavioural changes in ewes at parturition using GNSS. This could then be extended to identify ewes experiencing prolonged parturition, for example dystocic birth enabling intervention which would improve both production and welfare outcomes for the sheep industry.
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Khаmraeva, Sanovar, Dilfuza Giyasova, and Dilfuza Kazakova. "Processing of local wool fiber and technology of obtaining threads of mixed composition." Modern Innovations, Systems and Technologies 2, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.47813/2782-2818-2022-2-1-83-93.
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This article demonstrates the use of natural products, such as cotton stalk powder and laundry soap, in the processing of sheep's wool grown in Uzbekistan, which soften the sheep's wool and facilitate its blending with other fibers. At the same time, detailed information is provided that the local sheep wool fiber belongs to the group of coarse wool fibers, from which it is not suitable for the production of textile threads of medium linear density. There are scientifically substantiated results on the smoothness and breaking load of composite yarns in the spinning process, the tendency to elongation violates the requirements for composite yarns, the production of clothing fabrics. It is noted that the widespread use of research results in production allows expanding the range, increasing the production of competitive products and increasing export potential.
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Yao, Lidan, Aodungerile Bao, Wenjuan Hong, Chenxi Hou, Zhenliang Zhang, Xiaopeng Liang, and Jueken Aniwashi. "Transcriptome profiling analysis reveals key genes of different coat color in sheep skin." PeerJ 7 (November 21, 2019): e8077. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8077.
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Background To investigate the molecular mechanisms determining the coat color of native breed sheep in Xinjiang. Methods Bashibai sheep, Yemule white sheep and Tulufan black sheep were selected. Illumina HiSeq X Ten sequencing technology was used to detect the genes responsible for the white, light brown, black and cyan gray coat colors in sheep. Sequence analysis and functional gene annotation analysis were performed to analyze the results. The signal pathways and differentially expressed genes related to sheep hair color production regulation were screened and finally verified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results Functional annotation by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed significant differences in enrichment of immunity-related pathways as well as melanogenesis synthetic and tyrosine metabolism pathways. Our results showed that the DCT, TYR, TYRP1, PMEL, SLC45A2 and MLANA six genes may be associated with the regulation of coat color development and provide a theoretical basis for selecting natural coat colors of sheep.
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Du, Yuanyuan, Ying Ge, and Jie Chang. "Global Strategies to Minimize Environmental Impacts of Ruminant Production." Annual Review of Animal Biosciences 10, no. 1 (February 15, 2022): 227–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-020420-043152.
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Demand for ruminant products (dairy products, beef, and sheep meat) is increasing rapidly with population and income growth and the acceleration of urbanization. However, ruminant animals exert the highest environmental impacts and consume the most resources in the livestock system. Increasing studies have focused on various measures to reduce ammonia, greenhouse gas emissions, and resource depletion from ruminant production to consumption. This review offers supply- and demand-side management strategies to reduce the environmental impact of ruminant products and emphasizes the mitigation potential of coupling livestock production with cultivation and renewable energy. On a global scale, more attention should be paid to the green-source trade and to strengthening global technology sharing. The success of these strategies depends on the cost effectiveness of technology, public policy, and financial support. Future studies and practice should focus on global database development for sharing mitigation strategies, thus facilitating technology innovations and socioeconomic feasibility.
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Komorowska, Monika, Marcin Niemiec, Jakub Sikora, Anna Szeląg-Sikora, Zofia Gródek-Szostak, Pavol Findura, Hatice Gurgulu, Joanna Stuglik, Maciej Chowaniak, and Atılgan Atılgan. "Closed-Loop Agricultural Production and Its Environmental Efficiency: A Case Study of Sheep Wool Production in Northwestern Kyrgyzstan." Energies 15, no. 17 (August 31, 2022): 6358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176358.
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As a country with not only significant production potential but also fragmented land ownership, the Kyrgyz Republic struggles with environmental efficiency, which is a strategic element of environmental management in agricultural production. The objective of this study was to assess the environmental efficiency of sheep’s wool when used as a fertilizer in bean production in northern Kyrgyzstan. In this study, the efficiency indicator was taken to be GHG emissions per functional unit of product, using a proprietary methodology for calculating GHG emissions to determine the true value of this material as a source of soil nutrients and organic matter. Two experimental factors were used in the experiment: fertilizer type and fertilizer rate. Fertilization with sheep wool resulted in a 15% higher bean yield compared to when fertilized with mineral fertilizers at a comparable rate, converted to pure nitrogen. By using sheep wool as a source of mineral nutrients for the plants, the carbon footprint was reduced by almost 10% compared to a facility with mineral fertilization. Therefore, the use of sheep wool as a source of plant nutrients is environmentally justified.
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Shirokova, N. V., E. V. Levkovskaya, T. A. Zubkova, and I. G. Kazarova. "SOME PRODUCTIVE QUALITIES OF THE SALSK SHEEP AND RATIONAL PROCESSING OF LAMB." Scientific Life 16, no. 7 (2021): 876–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-7-876-884.
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The development of socially significant food products based on the introduction of breeding and genetic innovations and the use of modern biotechnological techniques will reduce the cost of production, the costs of transporting, storing and processing raw materials, and also, due to the increase in the profitability of all links in the technological chain, will increase the competitiveness of domestically produced food products. Increasing the production of meat products, expanding the range, increasing their biological value, as well as creating new generation products that meet the requirements of a healthy diet, are urgent tasks for the meat industry. The article is devoted to the study of the biological characteristics of sheep of different genetic potential and the development of a recipe and technology for a lamb meat product using non-traditional plant components. In order to increase the production volumes of the sheep breeding industry, it is necessary to use the genetic potential of breeds of domestic and foreign breeding, which affects the economic and biological characteristics and the level of animal productivity, to the maximum. We have studied the productive characteristics of sheep of different genetic potential in the production of competitive mutton and products of its processing. The article substantiates a new rational technology for the production of meat loaves using inulin and pumpkin powder. Despite the development of the production of synthetic forms of food additives, interest in the expanded use of non-traditional types of plant materials is constantly growing. The study was conducted at the Department of Food Technologies and Commodity Science, Don State Agrarian University. Experimental samples were made containing different amounts of herbal ingredients, the dose of inulin and pumpkin powder was established in the product, and the organoleptic evaluation was determined. On the basis of organoleptic and physico-chemical studies, a rational formulation of the product is proposed.
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Strážnický, Přemysl, Soňa Rusnáková, Milan Žaludek, Ondrej Bošák, Marián Kubliha, and Petr Gross. "The Technological Properties of Polymer Composites Containing Waste Sheep Wool Filler." Materials Science Forum 994 (May 2020): 170–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.994.170.
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New technologies are using natural fibres in composites materials in the industry. It is still often natural fibres in modern buildings, chemists, airports, sport and automotive. Using for construction pieces and their better properties than steel or traditional materials. New forward science and technic are recycled or decrease waste. The problem for central Europe is a waste of agricultural, invention relates to an epoxy resin filled with an organo-inorganic filler of natural origin, production especially plants and sheep wool as well as other usable wastes such as old textiles. New applications are in new construction types and industries finding cheaper materials. There is available modern technology for injection moulding granulate polypropylene with filler from sheep wool and plant fibres. For example, to make furniture or building cladding. This could reduce waste production, pollution of nature and emissions in the production of these products from new raw materials. The work presents the possibilities of using new polymer-based materials contain sheep wool as filler. The paper deals with the evaluation of the mechanical properties of the effect of the addition of sheep wool in a concentration of 3% to selected types of thermosetting matrices. In the experiments, the modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, ductility and deformation work were built on the sample set. The results are statistically processed and document the possibilities of adjusting the mechanical properties of composites with sheep wool.
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Ren, Keni, Johannes Karlsson, Markus Liuska, Markku Hartikainen, Inger Hansen, and Grete HM Jørgensen. "A sensor-fusion-system for tracking sheep location and behaviour." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 16, no. 5 (May 2020): 155014772092177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147720921776.
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The growing interest in precision livestock farming is prompted by a desire to understand the basic behavioural needs of the animals and optimize the contribution of each animal. The aim of this study was to develop a system that automatically generated individual animal behaviour and localization data in sheep. A sensor-fusion-system tracking individual sheep position and detecting sheep standing/lying behaviour was proposed. The mean error and standard deviation of sheep position performed by the ultra-wideband location system was 0.357 ± 0.254 m, and the sensitivity of the sheep standing and lying detection performed by infrared radiation cameras and three-dimenional computer vision technology were 98.16% and 100%, respectively. The proposed system was able to generate individual animal activity reports and the real-time detection was achieved. The system can increase the convenience for animal behaviour studies and monitoring of animal welfare in the production environment.
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Szendrei, János, Gábor Grasselli, Balázs Kocsi, István Budai, and Edit Szűcs. "Model calculations on the use of mobile and stationary units for wood pellet production." International Journal of Engineering and Management Sciences 1, no. 1 (June 20, 2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21791/ijems.2016.1.42.
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This paper presents the model calculations made for supporting the decision making of different technology alternatives. Base cases were A) use of a mobile pelletizer and B) using pellet factories at fixed locations for the production of a new product, sheep wool pellets. Calculations were made for three alternatives for each base case. The results of the model were used to examine the energy, time and cost criteria of the alternatives. Based on the given preliminaries, results of the model calculations supported the recommendation to choose case B) for further technology management and supply chain management decisions.
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Sharan, O. M., V. Yu Stefanyk, and S. G. Shalovylo. "Modern achievements of the development of scientific research at obtaining in vitro sheep embryos." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 22, no. 93 (September 21, 2020): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-a9311.
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New literature data on research aimed at improving the in vitro production of sheep embryos presents in the article. An analysis of the achievements of scientists from different countries to increase the efficiency of the main stages of embryo production in vitro: maturation of oocytes in vitro, their in vitro fertilization and in vitro embryo culture. In the literature experience has shown that the efficiency of oocyte maturation in vitro is significantly influenced by the experience and qualifications of scientists, the age of the egg donor, the improvement of the environment by adding roscovitin to inhibit meiosis, α-linolenic acid, cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) and sericin to accelerate nuclear maturation and increase the number of oocytes of the second meiotic metaphase (MII). The main factors influencing the effectiveness of in vitro fertilization have been identified, and the parameters of the limited time of fertilization ability of sperm and the ability of oocytes to fertilize, which is called the “fertile span”, have been determined. The main effective medium that increases the effectiveness of in vitro fertilization – synthetic oviduct fluid (SOF) with the addition of heparin and serum of cattle or sheep. The main parameters of sheep embryo culture in vitro are presented with the definition of the most commonly used media and their influence on embryonic development. Potential ways to improve the production of sheep embryos in vitro with the determination of morphological evaluation of categories of oocytes, methods of synchronization of their maturation in vitro are also highlighted. At the same time, literature data on the synchronization of oocyte-cumulus complexes with the use of a large number of inhibitors of meiotic division are presented, which according to many scientists may be a key factor in improving the efficiency of sheep embryo production in vitro. In addition, the results of studies of many scientists on the expansion of the fertile gap of oocytes of sheep cultured in vitro using certain biologically active substances were analyzed. In conclusion, the prospect of using the technology of in vitro production of sheep embryos in biomedical research is highlighted.
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Anyanwu,, N. J., J. O. Ogualu, V. U. Odoemelam,, G. A. Kalio,, and I. I. Ekpe. "Sheep and goat farming in Imo state Southeast Nigeria: A traditional vocation at the verge of extinction?" Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 47, no. 4 (December 17, 2020): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v47i4.70.
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Since prehistoric times, sheep and goat farming has been an integral part of the farming system of the people of South east Nigeria. This study investigated the current state of sheep and goat farming amongst households in Imo State south eastern Nigeria. A total of one hundred and fifty (150) structured questionnaires were distributed to farmers randomly selected from three Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Imo state namely, Oru West, Ahiazu Mbaise and Ezinihitte Mbaise to determine the socio-economic characteristics, production systems, breeding and reproduction, constraints and strategies for economic improvement in a focus group interview. Only 89 farmers were available for interview. The results revealed significant decline in sheep and goat farming amongst the households across four generations within the households interviewed. Lack of interest due to poor policy framework, low productivity of existing breeds, difficulty in feed supply and high cost of breeding stock was identified as constraints of sheep and goat production in thiese areas. It was also observed that older people were more directly involved in sheep and goat farming than youths. 59.6% of the farmers were females, and 31-50% of the farmers were between the ages of 31 and 50 years. Farming was the most common occupation amongst the households while trading was the next. Results also showed that 76.4% of the communities had history of sheep and goat keeping whereas 73% of the total families interviewed had a history of sheep and goat keeping. It was also observed that 33.7% of households were involved in poultry enterprise and 25.3% involved in fish farming. Only 4.8% engaged in sheep and goat farming. Results obtained also revealed that 48.3% of the identified sheep and goat farmers kept breeds of sheep and goat from northern Nigeria while 40.4% maintained the west African dwarf breed. 34% of respondents believed that access to grants and credit facilities, 25 % believed provision of land in urban areas, while 21% believed improvement in small ruminant feed technology, would improve production. Lambing and kidding was mostly twice a year (48.3%). Breeding was mostly observed to be uncontrolled (51.7%). Also, the results showed that, 59.6% of the farmers were willing to pay for veterinary services. The most important diseases within these areas were worms, ecto-parasites and peste des petits ruminants (PPR). It can be inferred from the study that farmers within the region appear to pay greater emphasis on poultry production and fish farming to the detriment of smallholder sheep and goat farming which could be attributed to poor knowledge of sheep and goat farming technologies resulting to low productivity.
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Podkorytov, N. A., and L. V. Rastopshina. "Productive traits of sheep of Prikatun breeding type under the conditions of the Altai Republic." Glavnyj zootehnik (Head of Animal Breeding), no. 2 (January 17, 2023): 48–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-03-2302-05.
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The main number of sheep in the Russian Federation is currently concentrated in peasant (farmer) and personal farms, where the level of breeding work is often very low. Despite this, there is a huge reserve of mutton production in these categories of farms. The purpose of the work was to study the productive traits of sheep of Prikatun breeding type of Mountain Altai breed under the conditions of peasant (farmer) farms in the Altai Republic. The experimental part of the research was carried out on the basis of the farm “Usoltseva N. A.” in the Ust-Kansky area in the Altai Republic. The object of the study were the mature ewes sheep of Prikatun breeding type of Mountain Altai breed, their off spring aged from birth, 4 and 6 months, before slaughter, as well as carcasses obtained during slaughter. Under the conditions of the Altai Republic with year-round pasture content in sheep of Prikatun breeding type of Mountain Altai breed a complex study of milk productivity and the chemical composition of sheep’s milk was carried out. New data on the eff ect of age, live weight, prolifi cacy, polymastia, off spring sex and morphometric measurements of the udder on the milk production of sheep have been obtained. The infl uence of the level of milk content of sheep of Prikatun breeding type of Mountain Altai breed on the growth, development and meat productivity of lambs has been studied. It was found that lambs received from mothers with high milk capacity had a higher growth rate in all the studied age periods. The young animals of this group were characterized by better meat productivity and as a result had a higher level of profi tability, which amounted to 53,35 %. Taking into account the infl uence of the level of milk production of ewes of Prikatun breeding type on the growth and development of lambs, we recommend that peasant (farmer) farms of the Altai Republic, in order to increase the production of mutton, select ewes for the fi rst 20 days of lactation with a milk yield of at least 21 kg of milk.
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Moise, Lavinia. "Observations Regarding the Growth and Exploitation of “Turcana” Breed Sheep on Small and Medium Farms." Annals ”Valahia” University of Targoviste - Agriculture 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agr-2017-0007.
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Abstract The exploitation directions in sheep race is determined by the national economic demanding, and the achievement possibilities by the productive potential of the races and also by the system and growth technology, improvement and exploitation of the races. The necessity of combining knowledge which contains a fundamental scientific profile with the applicative knowledge led to an approach of the complex applicative knowledge led to an approach of the complex aspects of the development and modernization of growth and exploitation technologies in import sheep race. Ţurcana continues to be the race that has the highest proportion of about 40% of the total. Milk production, birth weight of lambs, wool production and meat production were analized. Morpho characteristics of the breed Turcan highlights skills towards wool, milk, meat, and leather, which may improve the ability of the existence of a significant variability especially regarding the quantity and quality of milk and wool.
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PIHLER, I., J. ĆIRIĆ, D. KUČEVIĆ, S. DRAGIN, M. AL-HASANT, M. ŠARAN, B. ZARUBICA, and I. A. TSAKMAKIDIS. "The Phenotype Variability, of the Racka Sheep in the Republic of Serbia." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 70, no. 4 (January 27, 2020): 1789. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.22221.
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The intensification of sheep production, by permanent genetic selection and the development of breeding technology, has led to the creation of highly productive sheep breeds. In this way, many highly productive breeds were created which could demonstrate their high production potentials only under perfect conditions of nutrition, accommodation and care. Preservation of indigenous breeds is of great importance in order to protect and safeguard those breeds and, in this way, it is possible to restore some of the characteristics that are lost during intensive selection, which are mostly related to resistance. The Racka sheep (Serbian: Vitoroga žuja) is considered to be an autochthonous breed and a genetic resource in the Republic of Serbia. As a primitive breed with low productivity, it offers no economic profitability and, thus, there is no great interest in its breeding. According to the FAO data from 2008-2014, the number of these sheep ranges from 500 to 1000. The objective of this study was to determine the phenotypic variability and to assess the external measurements of the Racka sheep. One-hundred fifty Racka breed ewes were included in this study. The effects of three farms on the phenotypic characteristics and their body indexes were calculated. The significance of the research is reflected in the advancement of this breed and in the assessment of the possibilities of selection work in these herds.
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Alajmi, Fnyees, Amer Alajmi, Ahmed Alrashidi, Naser Alrashidi, Nor Mariah Adam, and Abdul Aziz Hairuddin. "Development of Solar Powered Biodiesel Reactor for Kuwait Sheep Tallow." Processes 9, no. 9 (September 9, 2021): 1623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9091623.
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Biodiesel is one of the more recent green fuel products in the world. It can be produced from several raw materials such as straight vegetable oils, animal fats, tallow, and waste cooking oils, and blended with diesel. Properties of biodiesel are different compared to fossil diesel in terms of production methods and emission levels released after combustion in an internal combustion engine. Kuwait consumes a huge amount of energy which is almost 8% to meet the increasing demand for electricity and water. Moreover, the use of electricity in the production of biodiesel increases energy use and cost of production. Kuwait is receiving an amount of solar irradiation ranging from 2050 kWh/m2 to 2100 kWh/m2. The present study is concerned with the evaluation of the potential to use solar energy to produce biodiesel from sheep fat waste as a raw material. An experimental test rig was set up for a single cylinder diesel engine in the laboratory, where a solar power system was used to assist the production process of biodiesel from tallow waste. The biodiesel is then blended with diesel at different volume percentages, such as graded as B20, B50, B75 and B100, respectively. The exhaust gases such as oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitric oxide and nitric dioxide where also analyzed. An optimum decrease in values of nitric oxide levels was observed at the load of 51%, 68%, 85% and 93% during the operation at blend of biodiesel B20, B50, B75 and B100, respectively. Nitric dioxide was decreased at the load of 51%, 68% and 85% during the operation using B20, B50 and B75, respectively. Optimum SFC was achieved at B20, B50 and B75 during high loads of 85% and 93%. It can be concluded that sheep tallow biodiesel shows a promising result in terms of fuel consumption and environmental emissions of greenhouse gases.
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Singh, Mahipal, and Xiaoling Ma. "Nucleofection Efficiency of Sheep Primary Fibroblasts Established from Refrigerated Skin." International Journal of Biology 10, no. 4 (July 27, 2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v10n4p12.
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Dermal fibroblasts are useful for production of genetically engineered biologically active factors for development of cellular therapies and tissue engineering products for regenerative medicine. However, their transfection efficiencies using traditional non-viral methods are low and vary based on cell-type and species-specific differences. Using nucleofection technology, here we show that the transfection efficiency of primary fibroblasts established after 0-, 35-, and 65-days of postmortem storage of sheep skin tissues in a refrigerator was 59.49 % ± 9.66 %, 59.33 % ± 11.59 %, and 43.48 % ± 8.09 % respectively, as determined by analysis of green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression.
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Manning, Jaime K., Eloise S. Fogarty, Mark G. Trotter, Derek A. Schneider, Peter C. Thomson, Russell D. Bush, and Greg M. Cronin. "A pilot study into the use of global navigation satellite system technology to quantify the behavioural responses of sheep during simulated dog predation events." Animal Production Science 54, no. 10 (2014): 1676. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14221.
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The predation of sheep (Ovis aries) by wild and domestic dogs (Canis lupis) is a major issue in Australia, causing serious welfare issues to inflicted animals. The estimated cost of sheep and cattle production losses caused by wild dogs when combined with an extensive range of control measures, costs the Australian economy AU$66 million annually. Spatio-temporal data derived from global navigation satellite system (GNSS) devices were used to quantify the behavioural responses of two flocks of 15 Merino ewes ranging from 2 to 8 years old (average 4.5 years) during simulated dog predation events. Each sheep was fitted with a GNSS collar, and the behavioural responses of the sheep were video recorded during six trials (three per flock). The behavioural data collated from video recordings were then compared with the movement metrics derived from the GNSS collars. Derived metrics include the spatial distribution of flock members, speed of animal movement and specific behavioural changes including centripetal rotation (circling behaviour of the flock, with individual sheep seeking the centre). While the spatial distribution data did not appear to be specific enough to enable identification of a predation event, the velocity of sheep was higher (P < 0.001) during compared with before and after a simulated dog predation event. Centripetal rotation occurred in 80% of the simulated predation events during this study, and may provide a means for identifying predation. The spatio-temporal data from GNSS devices have potential as a research tool to assist in understanding sheep movement patterns during a dog attack. While further research and mathematical modelling of predation events is clearly required, the application of remote sensing technology has the potential to improve future livestock monitoring.
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Tuganova, B. S., K. S. Isaeva, and G. T. Kazhibaeva. "Technology of soft cheese from a mixture of milk of farm animals." Journal of Almaty Technological University, no. 1 (June 24, 2021): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.48184/2304-568x-2021-1-26-32.
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The article presents data on the results of theoretical and experimental studies on the selection of raw materials and components of the formulation of a new type of functional soft cheese based on a mixture of milk of farm animals (goat, sheep). The results of the study of organoleptic, physico-chemical and structural-mechanical parameters of cheese dough and cheese dough with different concentrations of biologically active functional additive "Vetoron"are described. The updated technological process of production of a new type of soft cheese from a mixture of goat's and sheep's milk for functional nutrition is also presented.
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AIBAZOV, А. М. М. "RESULTS AND PROSPECTS OF THE USE OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN REPRODUCTION OF SMALL RUMINANTS’S ANIMAL." Sheep, goats, woolen business, no. 2 (2022): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/2074-0840-2022-2-8-14.
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The article discusses the most common ART (artificial insemination, cryopreservation of sperm and creation of storage facilities, induction and synchronization of sexual reproduction), as well as ART used in rare cases (technology of superovulation induction and embryo transfer, in-vitro embryo production, embryo cryopreservation, transgenesis). The author presents the results of own long-term research on the development of biotechnological methods and methods of increasing the reproductive qualities of sheep and goats. The reasons for the rare use of multiple ovulation and embryotransplantation programs (MOET) in domestic sheep and goat breeding practice are given. Recommendations on using MOET to preserve the gene pool and to increase the efficiency of using genetic resources of high-value animals, increasing their participation in the sheep and goat reproduction process, are given.
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Ospanov, A. B., Sh M. Velyamov, R. K. Makeeva, and R. B. Tastanova. "Technology of production process and encapsulation fruit and berry concentrates." Journal of Almaty Technological University, no. 3 (September 25, 2022): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.48184/2304-568x-2022-3-73-81.
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The article presents 2 methods for making concentrates from fruits and berries, which were later used as a filler for alginate capsules. The results of the physicochemical parameters of the obtained concentrates are presented. Of the 15 options for the formulations of fruit and berry concentrates - capsule fillers, 11 formulations were selected, which were divided into categories "up to 7 years" and "7 +" depending on their composition. Under laboratory conditions, the technological regime for the manufacture of alginate capsules by the drop method was worked out. As a result of the single-factor experiment, it was revealed that from the moment a drop of about 6 mm in size is immersed to the formation of a capsule wall with a thickness of about 2.3 mm, 2 minutes are needed in the given experiment parameters: the concentration of alginate in the filler solution is 1 %, the Ph of the filler is 4.2, the concentration of calcium salt, where the drops are immersed to form a sphere - 1 %, the size of the drop is 6 mm, the thickness of the capsules is not less than 2 mm and not more than 2.5 mm. To prevent the process of gelation, it is necessary to heat the spheres in a bath of water at 85 °C for 10 minutes. With such a manipulation, the gelification process stops, and the center of the sphere remains liquid. Prototypes have been developed that are stable if, during storage, they are immersed in a neutral medium of the filler. Based on the results of a sensory assessment of the quality and texture of yogurt from sheep and goat milk mixed with capsules according to M. Bourne, it can be concluded that mixing the homogeneous structure of yogurt with capsules has a positive effect on the taste range, the product acquires a new look and taste, while not losing its quality.
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Skorykh, L. N., I. O. Fominova, A. V. Skokova, and I. I. Dmitrik. "Association of GH gene polymorphism with meat quality traits in meat and wool sheep." Glavnyj zootehnik (Head of Animal Breeding), no. 8 (July 20, 2022): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-03-2208-04.
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Increasing the productivity and effi ciency of lamb production is a key factor in the competitiveness of the meat sheep industry. Therefore, in order to conduct sheep breeding more effectively it is necessary to apply new approaches to increase and improve the quality of products.Considerable interest are modern technologies involving the use of DNA markers, which are widely used in national breeding programs of a number of countries with developed animal husbandry and have a signifi cant impact on improving productivity indicators. A significant number of genes associated with meat productivity and meat quality have been identifi ed. However, in sheep breeding, information about the main genes or loci that affect the growth characteristics and productive traits of sheep is relatively limited. Due to the growing interest in the production of young mutton and lamb, priority is given to the study of genes that control meat productivity. The greatest interests are studies on the evaluation of the polymorphism of the growth hormone (GH) gene, which controls growth and development, as well as infl uencing the meat productivity of sheep. In this regard, the purpose of this work was research aimed at fi nding associations between polymorphic variants of the growth hormone gene and the qualitative characteristics of meat in meat and wool sheep of the genotype ½ Poll Dorset × ½ North Caucasian Meat and Wool breed bred in the Stavropol Territory. The data obtained when studying the histostructure of the m. Longissimus dorsi, depending on the genotypes of GH gene, indicate that the muscle tissue in individuals with AB and BB genotypes was characterized by a large number of muscle fi bers by 5,7 and 6,4 %, their smaller diameter by 7,6 and 9,2 %, and a lower content of connective tissue compared to animals with the genotype AA of GH gene.
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Baldassarre, Hernan. "Laparoscopic Ovum Pick-Up Followed by In Vitro Embryo Production and Transfer in Assisted Breeding Programs for Ruminants." Animals 11, no. 1 (January 17, 2021): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010216.
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The potential of laparoscopic ovum pick-up (LOPU) followed by in vitro embryo production (IVEP) as a tool for accelerated genetic programs in ruminants is reviewed in this article. In sheep and goats, the LOPU-IVEP platform offers the possibility of producing more offspring from elite females, as the procedure is minimally invasive and can be repeated more times and more frequently in the same animals compared with conventional surgical embryo recovery. On average, ~10 and ~14 viable oocytes are recovered by LOPU from sheep and goats, respectively, which results in 3–5 transferable embryos and >50% pregnancy rate after transfer. LOPU-IVEP has also been applied to prepubertal ruminants of 2–6 months of age, including bovine and buffalo calves. In dairy cattle, the technology has gained momentum in the past few years stemming from the development of genetic marker selection that has allowed predicting the production phenotype of dairy females from shortly after birth. In Holstein calves, we obtained an average of ~22 viable oocytes and ~20% transferable blastocyst rate, followed by >50% pregnancy rate after transfer, declaring the platform ready for commercial application. The present and future of this technology are discussed with a focus on improvements and research needed.
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Pereira, L. C., L. C. V. Ítavo, R. G. Mateus, L. A. B. M. Mendonça, J. A. A. Costa, J. A. M. Bono, M. Barbosa-Ferreira, and C. M. E. Carvalho. "Analysis of factors of production in the termination of feedlot lambs to pasture." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 70, no. 6 (December 2018): 2007–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-9992.
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ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to analyze the factors that influence the performance of lambs in pasture confinement, by substituting a concentrate with different levels of the aerial part of cassava in relation to hematocrit indices. The experiment was conducted at the Sheep Technology Center using 56 Pantaneira sheep, of which 28 were male and 28 were female. For female lambs, the globular volume showed a decreasing quadratic effect, with a minimum inclusion of 10.24% PAM in the diet for a hematocrit index of 32.28. A linear effect was observed for the mean crude protein intake in the male lambs based on the diet provided and was estimated to be equivalent to 87.4% of the lambs’ final weight. In conclusion, mean crude protein consumption is most strongly correlated with the final weight of male lambs, and NDF is most strongly correlated with the final weight of female lambs, with the level of cyanide consumption influencing the average daily weight gain in female lambs. The hematocrit level of the male lambs decreased with an increase in the inclusion of the aerial part of cassava in the ration of the animals.
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Zheng, Shu Ping, Xuan Chen, and Bao Hua Zhao. "Researching and Production Technology of Golden Yellow Microcrystalline Glass." Advanced Materials Research 430-432 (January 2012): 1261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.1261.
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The golden yellow marble sheet material pure like jade is very rare in nature. Many sheet materials have some flaws such as radiation, chromatic aberration, color bleeding, staining easily and acid etching, especially in China lacking high-quality yellow marbles. The research and development of golden yellow microcrystalline glass aim to produce golden yellow microcrystalline glass using common quartz sands and calcium carbonates can be found anywhere as main materials, and the product is an economical and environmental material compliant with national policies with great market potentials and investment & development prospect.
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El-Seify, El-Hussein A., Monira T. El-Hazek, Gaber A. Bassyouni, and Fathia M. Al-Qarqari. "Statistical Estimation of Sheep Red Meat Production Functions in the Green Mountain Region, the Republic of Libya." Alexandria Science Exchange Journal 36, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 265–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2015.158241.
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Caro-Petrovic, Violeta, Dragana Ruzic-Muslic, Nevena Maksimovic, Bogdan Cekic, Ivan Cosic, Marina Selionova, and Milan Petrovic. "Some aspects of DNA analysis in the selection of small ruminants." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 37, no. 3 (2021): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah2103161c.
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DNA analysis can have great practical application in the management and successful operation of the farm. The application of DNA technology is becoming a tremendous challenge for farm breeding of domestic animals. In recent years, traditional selection methods have been supplement by the results of molecular analysis of the genome. Determining the genetic distance of sheep and goat breeds had practical and multiple significance. Microsatellites are used widely in the selection, and genomic selection is becoming an increasing challenge for breeders. The development of SNP chips brings an immense advanced for rapid and comprehensive analysis of the genome, which is of great importance for the successful selection and Genomic selection in sheep concentrated on all aspects of genetic and production directions. However, it should be noted that genomic selections in sheep breeding, and especially in goat breeding, take place at a slower pace compared to cattle breeding.
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Keady, Tim, Seamus Hanrahan, Christina Marley, and Nigel David Scollan. "Production and utilization of ensiled forages by beef cattle, dairy cows, pregnant ewes and finishing lambs - A review." Agricultural and Food Science 22, no. 1 (March 27, 2013): 70–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.6852.
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This paper reviews the production of, and factors affecting the performance of dairy cows, beef cattle and sheep offered silage based diets in Ireland and UK. Digestibility is the most important factor influencing the feed value of grass silage and consequently animal performance. Each 10 g kg-1 increase in digestive organic matter in the dry matter (DOMD) increases milk yield of dairy cows by 0.33 kg d-1, carcass gain of beef cattle by 23.8 g d-1 , carcass gain of finishing lambs by 9.3 g d-1, lamb birth weight by 52.3 g and ewe weight post lambing by 1.3 kg, respectively. Factors influencing feed value of grass silage are discussed including harvest date, wilting, fertilizer management, chop length and use of additives at ensiling. Maize silage increases the performance of cattle and sheep whilst whole crop wheat silage has no beneficial effect. Advances in silage technology, has enabled the ensiling high protein forages, such as red clover, lucerne and kale.
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Dinkçi, Nayil, Vildan Akdeniz, and Ayşe Sibel Akalın. "Probiotic Whey-Based Beverages from Cow, Sheep and Goat Milk: Antioxidant Activity, Culture Viability, Amino Acid Contents." Foods 12, no. 3 (February 1, 2023): 610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12030610.
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Recently, the demand for goat and sheep cheese has increased mainly because of its nutritional and health benefits. As a result, an enormous amount of whey from various animal species is produced as a waste/by-product. The production of functional probiotic fermented beverages from different types of whey protein concentrates (WPC) could be a good way to valorize whey. Meanwhile, reduced environmental pollution and economic sustainability will be provided. In this study, probiotic beverages enriched with 1% kiwi powder were produced from goat, sheep, and cow WPC (15%). Moreover, Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus and the probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis were used for fermentation. The results showed that WPC significantly increased the protein content and acidity of beverages (p < 0.05). Production with WPC also improved the viability of probiotic bacteria and S. thermophilus, total phenolic compound (TPC), and antioxidant activity of beverages. The highest viability of probiotic bacteria (9.67 log CFU/mL for Bb-12 and, 9.35 log CFU/mL for L. acidophilus) was found in beverages produced from goat WPC. In addition, WPC increased the free amino acid content of beverages, and the highest essential amino acids and branched-chain amino acids were found in beverages produced from goat WPC as 146.19 mg/100 g and 70.31 mg/100 g, respectively (p < 0.05). Consequently, while production with goat, cow, and sheep WPC improved quality compared to the control, beverages produced from goat WPC excelled. The production of a functional probiotic beverage with goat WPC is promising for dairy technology.
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Salyani, Masoud. "2018–2019 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Pesticide Application Technology." EDIS 2018 (January 31, 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-cg024-2018.
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This 8-page fact sheet is part of the 2018–2019 Florida Citrus Production Guide. Written by Masoud Salyani and published by the Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, May 2018. ABE-356/CG024: 2022–2023 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Pesticide Application Technology (ufl.edu)
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Motsatsi, Johane Moilwa. "Technical Efficiency and Evidence of Economies of Scope in Botswana Agriculture: A Stochastic Input Distance Function Approach (1979-1996)." Journal of Economics and Public Finance 1, no. 1 (December 17, 2015): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jepf.v1n1p92.
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<p><em>This study estimate technical efficiency indices and examines evidence of economies of scope in Botswana agriculture for each 18 districts and commercial sector using a multiple-output multiple-input stochastic input distance function approach covering data from 1979 to 1996. The estimated model provides input-output relations, economies (diseconomies) of scope and technical inefficiency. All the production outputs (cattle, crops and goats/sheep) were significant with expected signs. The estimated mean technical efficiency of 0.885 for 18 districts and the commercial sector was obtained. This suggest the existence of inefficiency in Botswana agricultural production which indicates that there is opportunity to increase production with the same quantities of input factors, and through adaptation of improved technology such as irrigation, use of fertilisers, and improved high quality crops and livestock. There is significant in economies of scope between the production of cattle and goat/sheep, at the 1 percent level, and cattle and crops at 5 percent level. This existence of economies of scope indicates that higher economic returns are possible through efficient use of labour and livestock feeds, and reducing risk by not producing output (e.g., crops) that is easily affected by droughts and poor soils.</em></p>
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Bogdanovic, Vladan, Milan Petrovic, and Dusica Ostojic. "Zoo technical production conditions important from the aspect of geographical brand of origin of native white cheese from sjenica." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 20, no. 1-2 (2004): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0402023b.
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Main characteristics of zoo technical conditions that are important for geographical brand of origin of native white cheese from Sjenica are presented in this paper. General characteristics of farms, as well as typical methods of breeding cattle and sheep in this part of the Republic of Serbia are described. Basic condition necessary for one product to find and preserve it's place on the market is the continuous presence on the market without any oscillations in regard to the quality. In order to achieve this goal, the availability of main raw material must always be secured, in case of white cheese from sjenica - milk, whether sheep or cow milk. Precisely the providing of essential raw material of good quality represents the greatest problem. Owners of farms which are included in the research project "Optimization and standardization of the technology for production of white cheese from Sjenica with protected brand of origin" have expressed the desire to increase their production by introducing new animals to their breeding stocks. In this regard, it is necessary that the government proceeds with systematical measures to support the efforts of those farmers who are interested in livestock production and production of native products with protected geographical brand of origin, among which white cheese from Sjenica has important role.
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Guilherme, Ricardo De Figueiredo, Ana Milena César Lima, José Romero Alexandre Alves, Diego Figueiredo da Costa, Raymundo Rizaldo Pinheiro, Francisco Selmo Fernandes Alves, Sérgio Santos de Azevedo, and Clebert José Alves. "Characterization and typology of sheep and goat production systems in the State of Paraíba, a semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 38, no. 4 (August 4, 2017): 2163. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n4p2163.
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Breeding of goats and sheep is an important activity in northeast Brazil, contributing to economic and social development of this region. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize goat and sheep rearing and breeding in the central-western region of the State of Paraíba, northeast Brazil. The study area included Borborema and mesoregions of the backlands of the state, represented by 127 municipalities in an area of 38.293 km2, with density of goats and sheep at 12.9 and 8.27 head/km2, respectively. A total of 62 farms belonging to five municipalities of the Borborema mesoregion and four municipalities of the Sertão mesoregion were surveyed. Epidemiological surveys were conducted in the farms, and questionnaires sought information on the economic, productive, and social aspects of the farm owners and the farms. The results allowed the classification of goat and sheep production systems in the semi-arid Paraíba as a family system and of subsistence, for farmers’ own consumption and for local trade, with low technology use and herds with up to 100 animals. The farmers’ level of education was low, and the investments and technical assistance for the development of breeding activity in the region were insufficient and/or inadequate. Thus, it was essential to conduct an economic study on the farms to assess the actual economic and financial status of breeding activity and the subsequent returns. It is suggested that these aspects be taken into account when planning livestock development policies, especially in terms of finance and technical assistance, as well as in the implementation of strategies to control commonly occurring diseases in the region, aimed at combating agents, environmental control, and protection of susceptible livestock.