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Vikilani, Sione Fatanitavake. "Media freedom and state control in Tonga." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 16, no. 2 (October 1, 2010): 62–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v16i2.1035.
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The Tongan Constitution guarantees free speech and media freedom but this guarantee has often been misunderstood and misinterpreted by the media industry, the government and politicians alike. Freedom of speech was integrated into the Constitution from the beginning in 1875. However, as history has shown, this freedom has often been altered to silence opposition and critics’ voices. As early as 1882, the Tongan media had their first confrontation with the government and in 2003 saw a parallel incident unfolding. This article examines the influence of state control on the media in Tonga through an analysis of two case studies from different eras in Tongan history: the Niuvakai newspaper in 1882 and the Taimi ‘o Tonga newspaper in 2003.
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Robie, David. "The sword of Damocles in the South Pacific: Two media regulatory case studies." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 10, no. 1 (October 11, 2019): 103–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v10i1.782.
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Constitutional guarantees of free speech and media freedom are well established 'on paper' in most South Pacific nations. How these gurantees are interpreted is constantly a source of tension between policitans, media practicioners and constitutional advocates. Recent attempts by two countries in the region, Fiji and Tonga, to introduce draconian legislation have partially successful, provoking international condemnation. In Feburary 2003, a series of five bans on the Auckland-published Taimi 'o Tonga newspaper led to conflict between the island kingdom's Supreme Court and the Privy Council. This eventually provoked controversial consitutional changes that were adopted on October 16 in spite of unprecedented protests. These changes, in the form of the Media Operators Act 2003, Newspaper Act 2003, and Act of Constitution of Tonga (Amendment) Act 2003, are expected to effectively ban the paper for good and, according to some legal analysts, may end the rule of law. In Fiji a draft Media Council of Fiji Bill was made public in May 2003 and submissions were invited. However, the proposed law stirred a strong reaction from the media and civil society groups as being 'unconstitutional'. This article examines and analyses the debate over self-regulation and public accountability of the media versus state control in the South Pacific.
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Grijp, Paul. "The making of a modern chiefdom state; The case of Tonga." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 149, no. 4 (1993): 661–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003107.
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Van der Grijp, Paul. "Early economic encounters in the Pacific or, proto-globalization in Tonga." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 166, no. 2-3 (2010): 293–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003620.
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This article aims to demonstrate the degree and nature of local autonomy in long term processes of globalization in Tonga. Tonga is exceptional in that it has never been officially colonized and in the continuity of its political (paramount chiefly) system. Also, but this is less exceptional, it has never had a pure modernistic, capitalist economy. Globalization is a specific, contemporary configuration in the relationship between capital and the nation-state or, in the words of William Greider (1997), it is like ‘a runaway horse without a rider’. Global capital is characterized by strategies of predatory mobility. However, the global and the national are not necessarily exclusive but are interacting and overlapping. Social scientists work with the nation-state as a container which would represent a unit in time and space, a ‘unified spatiotemporality’ according to the sociologist Saskia Sassen (2000). She adds that much history failed to confirm the latter hypothesis. The author may add from his part that anthropologists, although alike ‘social scientists’, rather work with the notions of culture and society which, in the case of more recent Tongan history, overlap with that of the nation-state. Although the notion of globalization is a rather recent invention with an exclusive contemporary application, we may discern the roots of its practice already in the early trading contacts between Europeans and Tongans.
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Singh, Shailendra. "Investigative journalism: Challenges, perils, rewards in seven Pacific Island countries." Pacific Journalism Review 18, no. 1 (May 31, 2012): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v18i1.291.
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This article appraises the general state of investigative journalism in seven Pacific Island countries—Cook Islands, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga and Vanuatu—and asserts that the trend is not encouraging. Journalism in general, and investigative journalism in particular, has struggled due to harsher legislation as in military-ruled Fiji; beatings and harassment of journalists as in Vanuatu; and false charges and lawsuits targeting journalists and the major newspaper company in the Cook Islands. Corruption, tied to all the major political upheavals in the region since independence, is also discussed. Threats to investigative journalism, like the ‘backfiring effect’ and ‘anti-whistleblower’ law are examined, along with some investigative journalism success case studies.
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Altor, Anne. "Green Roofing in Indiana: Case Studies and Design Notes." Journal of Green Building 5, no. 3 (August 1, 2010): 50–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.5.3.50.
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Green roof technology and implementation are taking root in North America at an accelerating pace. Growing recognition of the benefits of green roofs and increasing interest in green infrastructure are leading to expansion of green roof technologies that have been in use for decades in Europe and elsewhere. While some regions have adopted the use of green roofs on a large scale, other areas are warming up to the concept more slowly. Large-scale implementation of green roofs has not yet occurred in Indiana, but a number of exemplary projects have been constructed, and there are signs that interest in the technology is increasing in the state. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of green roof technology, analyze selected green roofs in Indiana, explore trends in the state, and address issues for future development of green roof technology in the region. A variety of green roofs were investigated throughout the state. Discussions were held with individuals involved in each project to obtain technical and logistical details of green roof design, installation, and performance.
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Coelho, Patrícia Margarida Farias, Marcos Rogério Martins Costa, and Rodrigo Otávio dos Santos. "EDUCATION, TECHNOLOGY AND CREATIVE INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY OF WATTPAD." Cadernos de Pesquisa 49, no. 173 (September 2019): 156–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/198053146172.
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Abstract This article investigates the use of Wattpad application, launched in 2006, in upper secondary Portuguese language classes as an educational tool for reading and writing texts. This study has two objectives: (i) to present the main usability characteristics of Wattpad and (ii) to propose possible implementation actions of the application as a didactic-pedagogical tool in upper secondary education. To this end, we present a case study in which we assessed the first and the latest written productions on Wattpad platform of 22 sutdents aged 15 to 17 years, attending the 1st year of upper secondary education in the same classroom of São Paulo state education system.
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Sun, H., Y. Tian, and H. Cui. "Evaluating Advanced Manufacturing Technology in Chinese State-Owned Enterprises: A Survey and Case Studies." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 18, no. 7 (April 1, 2001): 528–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001700170046.
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Tian, Y., H. Cui, and H. Sun. "Evaluating Advanced Manufacturing Technology in Chinese State-Owned Enterprises: A Survey and Case Studies." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 18, no. 7 (October 1, 2001): 528–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0017010180528.
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Miceli, Marco Fabio, Salvatore Ameduri, Ignazio Dimino, Rosario Pecora, and Antonio Concilio. "A Preliminary Technology Readiness Assessment of Morphing Technology Applied to Case Studies." Biomimetics 8, no. 1 (January 6, 2023): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8010024.
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In an innovative system, it is essential to keep under control the crucial development phases, which should consider several aspects involving, for instance, the modeling or the assessment of suitable analytical representations. Aiming to pursue a final demonstration to verify the actual capability of an engineering idea, however, some fundamental elements may have been partially considered. Many projects state the initial and final technology readiness level based on the famous scale introduced by the US National and Aeronautics Space Administration (NASA) many years ago and now widespread in many fields of technology innovation. Its nine-step definition provides a high-level indication of the maturity of the observed innovative system. Trivially, the resolution of that macroscopic meter is not made for catching advancement details, but it rather provides comprehensive information on the examined technology. It is, therefore, necessary to refer to more sophisticated analysis tools that can show a more accurate picture of the development stage and helps designers to highlight points that deserve further attention and deeper analysis. The risk is to perform a very good demonstration test that can miss generality and remain confined only to that specific experimental campaign. Moving on to these assumptions, the authors expose three realizations of theirs concerning aeronautic morphing systems, to the analysis of a well-assessed Technology Readiness Level instrument. The aim is to define the aspects to be further assessed, the aspect to be considered fully mature, and even aspects that could miss some elementary point to attain full maturation. Such studies are not so frequent in the literature, and the authors believe to give a valuable, yet preliminary, contribution to the engineering of breakthrough systems. Without losing generality, the paper refers to the 2.2 version of a tool set up by the US Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), and NASA, with the aim to standardize the evaluation process of the mentioned nine-step TRL.
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David, B., M. Briol, and S. Hercule-Bobroff. "Reuse in practice: a review of selected French case studies." Water Practice and Technology 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 312–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2015.037.
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In the context of ever increasing interest for reuse worldwide, this paper examines existing practices in France through selected case studies in an attempt to identify valuable lessons that could be learned from this experience for other countries or organisations seeking to encourage reuse. Well designed and flexible regulations to promote reuse combined with state of the art technology, operational know-how and expertise are identified as key ingredients for the success of individual projects.
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Lin, Yongxue, Shanyong Liu, Shuyang Gao, Yuan Yuan, Jia Wang, and Siqi Xia. "Study on the optimal design of volume fracturing for shale gas based on evaluating the fracturing effect—A case study on the Zhao Tong shale gas demonstration zone in Sichuan, China." Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 11, no. 4 (March 18, 2021): 1705–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-021-01134-0.
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AbstractHydraulic fracturing is the key technology in the development of shale gas reservoirs, and it mainly adopts volume fracturing technology to communicate hydraulic fractures with natural fractures to increase the drainage area. In view of the difficulty in characterizing the complex fractures created by multistaged fracturing in horizontal shale gas wells and the immaturity of fracturing optimization design methods, this study first evaluated the stimulation effect of fracturing technology based on treatment data and microseismic data. Then, the fracture characteristics after frac were considered, and a post-frac simulation was studied based on the discrete fracture network (DFN) model and the microseismic monitoring data as constraints. Finally, from the simulation results, an optimal design method of volume fracturing for shale gas was proposed based on the evaluation of the frac effects. The National Shale Gas Demonstration Zone in Zhaotong, Sichuan Basin was used as an example to study the optimal frac design of shale gas wells. The results show that (1) after optimizing the design, the optimal interval range is 50–70 m, the liquid volume of a single stage is 1800–2200 m3, the amount of sand is 80 m~120 t, and the slurry rate is 10–12 m3/min. (2) Two different frac design schemes were implemented in two wells on the same platform, and the production of the optimized design scheme was 14.7% greater than the original scheme. Therefore, the frac optimization design based on evaluating the fracturing effect can better guide the development of subsequent shale gas wells in this area.
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Buckley, Shannon M., and Myron J. Mitchell. "Improvements in Urban Air Quality: Case Studies from New York State, USA." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 214, no. 1-4 (April 16, 2010): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-010-0407-z.
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Kingsley, Gordon, and Michael C. Farmer. "Using Technology Absorption as an Evaluation Criterion: Case Studies from a State Research and Development Program." Policy Studies Journal 25, no. 3 (September 1997): 436–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.1997.tb00033.x.
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Clauss-Ehlers, Caroline S., and Lynn Pasquerella. "Application of campus instructional support: two case studies." International Journal of Information and Learning Technology 34, no. 4 (August 7, 2017): 338–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijilt-11-2016-0053.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how instructional support is a critical tool to promote the use of technology in research and teaching. A Campus-Wide Collaborative Model of Technological Instructional Support (CCMTIS) is presented that incorporates: integration of technology across campus; technical assistance; allocation of funding for technical assistance; support of faculty teaching style; and teaching that enhances learning through the use of technology. Design/methodology/approach The approach presents two case studies, one a large state research university, and the other a small liberal arts college. Findings Four overlapping themes emerge across the two case studies that demonstrate how: technology can connect classroom learning to career considerations and opportunities; develop writing and communication skills; promote career development through access to job search skills; and encourage professional development among faculty and staff. Research limitations/implications The limitations are that only two specific campus environments are examined. That these are differing environments, however, have implications for the model’s application to diverse campus settings. Practical implications A practical application is that the study demonstrates how the CCMTIS model can be applied to both classroom and campus. This has implications for other universities that may seek to replicate the model on their own campuses. Social implications The social implications indicate how learning occurs through an instructional support model that promotes collaboration. At the same time, ethical considerations related to instructional support are presented. Originality/value The manuscript reflects original work based on case studies that reflect the authors’ experiences.
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Nolen, Sharon L., and W. Fred Dimmick. "Epa's Control Technology Approach to Assisting States and Regions with Air Toxics Problems: Five Case Studies." Toxicology and Industrial Health 6, no. 5 (October 1990): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379000600520.
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The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced in June 1985 a new strategy to reduce public exposure to toxic air pollutants in the ambient air. Over the next 5–8 years, the strategy called for State and Local authorities to take on more of the lead regulatory role, with the Agency providing technical and financial assistance to their efforts. The shift in emphasis and responsibility from the Federal level to State and Local air toxics programs and the need to transfer expertise from the Federal level to the appropriate State or Local level prompted EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD) and EPA's Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) to develop and implement an innovative technical assistance program. This program is called the Control Technology Center (CTC). It has since been expanded to include technical assistance in the area of control of air toxics, particulate matter, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs); emission measurements; and other areas where expertise is available to ORD and OAQPS. During the CTC's first year of operation, operating guidelines were developed and three categories of technical assistance were established. These categories are telephone HOTLINE calls, direct engineering assistance, and technical guidance projects. The CTC HOTLINE is a special telephone number which State and Local Agencies can call for easy access to EPA personnel who can provide prompt assistance in a variety of ways including discussions, references to pertinent literature, and referrals to other EPA personnel. In some cases, a HOTLINE call will require more in-depth engineering analysis indicating a need for direct engineering assistance. These projects tend to be short-term (2 to 3 months) and specific in nature. In some cases, several agencies may indicate a need for information on the same source, or a group of Agencies may make a joint request. In these cases, the CTC Steering Committee, a group who advises the CTC managers, may decide that a technical guidance project is indicated. Technical guidance projects are longer-term and are intended to be of broad interest, useful to many agencies. This paper discusses the development of the CTC, experience to date with its operation, and future plans. In addition, five CTC projects are discussed to illustrate the assistance provided.
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Racabi, Gali. "Effects of City–State Relations on Labor Relations: The Case of Uber." ILR Review 74, no. 5 (September 16, 2021): 1155–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00197939211036445.
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Using case studies of labor’s interaction with Uber in the United States, the author investigates how legal relations between cities and states affect labor relations models. The case studies demonstrate a persistent dilemma for labor actors outside the National Labor Relations Act: While local regulations might be more politically accessible, these interventions are also more legally vulnerable to state and federal preemption attempts. The implications of this common dilemma are explored through the struggles of unions and labor actors with Uber in New York City, Seattle, and California. The case studies show that city–state relations affect both how innovative and how assertive a local labor relations model can afford to be. These findings can influence broader discussions about ossification and power outside traditional labor relations frames.
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Leal Filho, Walter, Murukesan Krishnapillai, Henry Sidsaph, Gustavo J. Nagy, Johannes M. Luetz, Jack Dyer, Michael Otoara Ha’apio, et al. "Climate Change Adaptation on Small Island States: An Assessment of Limits and Constraints." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 6 (May 31, 2021): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9060602.
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Small Island States (SIDS) are among the nations most exposed to climate change (CC) and are characterised by a high degree of vulnerability. Their unique nature means there is a need for more studies focused on the limits to CC adaptation on such fragile nations, particularly regarding their problems and constraints. This paper addressed a perceived need for research into the limitations of adaptation on SIDS, focusing on the many unique restrictions. To this end, the study identified and described the adaptation limits they have by using a review of the literature and an analysis of case studies from a sample of five SIDS in the Caribbean and Pacific regions (Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago, Cook Islands, Fiji, Solomon Islands and Tonga). This research’s findings showed that an adaptable SIDS is characterised by awareness of various values, appreciation and understanding of a diversity of impacts and vulnerabilities, and acceptance of certain losses through change. The implications of this paper are two-fold. It explains why island nations continue to suffer from the impacts of CC and suggest some of the means via which adequate policies may support SIDS in their efforts to cope with the threats associated with a changing climate. This study concluded that, despite the technological and ecological limits (hard limits) affecting natural systems, adaptation to CC is limited by such complex forces and societal factors (soft limits) that more adequate adaptation strategies could overcome.
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Darwish, Abdul Salam, and Riadh Al-Dabbagh. "Wind energy state of the art: present and future technology advancements." Renewable Energy and Environmental Sustainability 5 (2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rees/2020003.
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Renewables today are the first-choice option for a modern power system. Wind and solar are now competitive with conventional sources and commanded a high percentage of investments in renewable power. The cost of wind turbines has fallen by nearly 1/3rd since 2009 and that of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules by 80%. The number of countries that held auctions to deploy renewables has increased (from 6 in 2005 to 67 countries in 2017) with a very large increase in global investment. Global cumulative installed wind power capacity had more than 645 GW by the first quarter of 2019. The paper reviews the recent developments in wind energy conversion systems technology and discusses future expectations. Offshore wind turbines are the most possible technology for future utilization and of this, floating wind turbines are to dominate with larger scales could reach three times the present introduced scales. This is to provide more than 20% of the global demand in 2030. The paper presents several case studies for each case and highlights the technological aspects that support each development. The most important design advancements are also discussed with a forecast of the future design expectation that will affect the wind power generation program.
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Menzel, Lucas, and Alejandra Matovelle. "Current state and future development of blue water availability and blue water demand: A view at seven case studies." Journal of Hydrology 384, no. 3-4 (April 2010): 245–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.02.018.
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Mahmood, Rumel. "Can Information and Communication Technology Help Reduce Corruption? How So and Why Not: Two Case Studies from South Asia." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 3, no. 3 (2004): 347–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569150042442539.
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AbstractThe deployment of electronic governance over the past few years has enabled citizens to access government information and services with more ease and less cost. Unfortunately, the majority of governments embracing these technologies and making the citizen-government interaction easier to navigate are found primarily in the industrialized West. One exception is India, which is the focus of this paper. Beyond viewing electronic governance as a means of facilitating state-citizen interactions, I explore the linkages between electronic governance and corruption deterrence, and by doing so, fill in a crucial void in the current literature. After reviewing successful ICT-led government reform efforts in the West from public administration literature, a simple model is proposed to determine how these technologies may come to be utilized for reform. The model is then applied to the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh and the neighboring government of Bangladesh to test the salience of the variables, and to determine why the former may be more successful than the latter.
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Parker, Denny S., Rion P. Merlo, Jose A. Jimenez, and Eric J. Wahlberg. "Analyzing wet weather flow management using state of the art tools." Water Science and Technology 57, no. 8 (April 1, 2008): 1247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.217.
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Optimal secondary clarifier performance is crucial to meet treatment requirements, especially when treating peak wet weather flows (PWWFs), to prevent high effluent suspended solids (ESS) concentrations and elevated sludge blankets. A state-of-the-art computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model was successfully used as a design and diagnostic tool to optimize performance for municipal wastewater treatment plants subject to significant PWWFs. Two case studies are presented. For Case Study 1, the model was used to determine the number of secondary clarifiers that will be necessary to treat future PWWF conditions for a plant under design. For Case Study 2, the model was used to identify modifications that are currently being made to increase the clarifier capacity for handling PWWF.
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Mahdavieh, Rose. "State Adoption of Cryptocurrency: a Case Study Analysis of Iran, Russia, and Venezuela." American Journal of Undergraduate Research 19, no. 1 (July 12, 2022): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33697/ajur.2022.055.
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The emergence of digital currency is becoming prevalent in the age of globalization – specifically, cryptocurrencies, a subset of digital currency that encompass revolutionary technology. This study postulates that certain governments are more prone to adopting cryptocurrencies, especially those seeking to eschew international sanctions and protect corrupt practices. Three comparative case studies focus on countries (Iran, Russia, and Venezuela) that share attributes that result in adopting what has been called “native cryptocurrencies”: corruption, GDP level, economic volatility, and Western sanctions. KEYWORDS: Cryptocurrency; Blockchain; Political Science; Law; Foreign Sanctions; Government; Iran; Russia; Venezuela
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Connor, M. A., and D. Reeve. "The Clean Technology Incentive Scheme of the State of Victoria, Australia." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 8 (April 1, 1994): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0377.
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Over the past decade environment protection policies have placed increasing emphasis on waste minimisation and cleaner production techniques. The Environment Protection Authority in Victoria, Australia, has sought to encourage waste minimisation by establishing a Clean Technology Incentive Scheme. This Scheme makes available secured interest-free loans of up to $100,000 to selected small and medium-sized companies proposing to install proven yet innovative waste reducing technology. Applications are evaluated by a Review Committee drawn from a diversity of backgrounds. The technical feasibility, innovativeness, environmental benefits and financial soundness of proposals are assessed and a short-list of potential loan recipients prepared. The managerial competence and financial status of short-listed applicants is checked before loans are made. The Scheme was established in 1988 and since then 35 offers of loans have been made. Whilst the newness of the Scheme makes evaluation of its long-term effectiveness premature, results to date are encouraging. Case studies of three especially successful projects are presented.
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Zhang, Ling, Sandra Hollensead, and Joseph C. Parker. "Extensive Aortic Thromboembolism Due to Acquired Hypercoagulable State: An Autopsy Case Report." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 129, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2005-129-247-eatdta.
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Abstract Aortic thrombosis rarely occurs without severe atherosclerosis, aneurysm, or cardiosurgical or traumatic state. Arterial thrombosis is commonly related to an inherited and/or acquired hypercoagulable state. A 50-year-old woman presented with diffuse abdominal pain. One day after her admission, she experienced bloody stools. Computed tomography showed multiple extensive thromboses in the aorta and superior mesentery arteries. She underwent a partial jejunoileostomy and colectomy for extensive bowel infarction. Following surgery, her condition deteriorated and she died on the fourth hospital day. At autopsy, gross examination showed 2 large thrombi (7 and 8 cm in length) in the proximal and descending (thoracic) aorta, with mild atherosclerosis. A mesenteric artery thromboembolus with extensive bowel infarction was present. Postmortem laboratory studies revealed an elevated anticardiolipin immunoglobulin G antibody level. The thrombotic state in this patient was considered multifactorial secondary to acquired risk factors, including obesity, mild aortic atherosclerosis with coronary artery disease, and presence of a high titer anticardiolipin antibody.
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Harrison, Edward J., Vikas C. Baranwal, Andreas A. Pfaffhuber, Craig W. Christensen, Guro H. Skurdal, Jan Steinar Rønning, Helgard Anschütz, and Marco Brönner. "AEM in Norway: A Review of the Coverage, Applications and the State of Technology." Remote Sensing 13, no. 22 (November 19, 2021): 4687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13224687.
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From the first use of airborne electromagnetic (AEM) systems for remote sensing in the 1950s, AEM data acquisition, processing and inversion technology have rapidly developed. Once used extensively for mineral exploration in its early days, the technology is increasingly being applied in other industries alongside ground-based investigation techniques. This paper reviews the application of onshore AEM in Norway over the past decades. Norway’s rugged terrain and complex post-glacial sedimentary geology have contributed to the later adoption of AEM for widespread mapping compared to neighbouring Nordic countries. We illustrate AEM’s utility by using two detailed case studies, including time-domain and frequency domain AEM. In both cases, we combine AEM with other geophysical, geological and geotechnical drillings to enhance interpretation, including machine learning methods. The end results included bedrock surfaces predicted with an accuracy of 25% of depth, identification of hazardous quick clay deposits, and sedimentary basin mapping. These case studies illustrate that although today’s AEM systems do not have the resolution required for late-phase, detailed engineering design, AEM is a valuable tool for early-phase site investigations. Intrusive, ground-based methods are slower and more expensive, but when they are used to complement the weaknesses of AEM data, site investigations can become more efficient. With new developments of drone-borne (UAV) systems and increasing investment in AEM surveys, we see the potential for continued global adoption of this technology.
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Ramadhan, Iqbal. "The Implication of Cyberspace Towards State Geopolitics." Politicon : Jurnal Ilmu Politik 3, no. 2 (September 3, 2021): 161–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/politicon.v3i2.12660.
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Massive technological advancements have influenced many dynamics of the nation's social, political, and economic changes. Geopolitical studies, as one of the studies that investigate the interaction between political dynamics and geography, are exposed to the implications of these technological developments. At the outset of its development, geopolitical studies discussed the state's strategies and policies for gaining influence in specific areas. Geopolitics is the study of a country's boundaries. The emergence of cyberspace, along with the advancement of technology, has implications for a country's geopolitical development. Geopolitical competition takes place not only in the physical realm, but also in cyberspace. The purpose of this article is to examine the shift in the geopolitical paradigm from physical to cyberspace. The authors examine how the existence of cyberspace can have a political impact, particularly geopolitical rivalries between countries, using geopolitics and cyberspace concepts. This scientific article investigates cyberspace phenomena and geopolitical studies using qualitative methods, particularly case study writing techniques. The author contends that geopolitics in cyberspace has no borders, based on the findings of this article's analysis. To avoid cyber conflicts, states must make cyberspace their political domain. Geopolitical rivalries between states in cyberspace can have real-world consequences. One of them is the use of technology to suppress other states' geopolitical policies. Because cyberspace is infinite, the state must develop governance so that the potential for cyber conflicts does not have physical consequences for the country's geopolitics. Given that almost all dynamics of state life have been integrated into information technology, the author concludes that cyberspace should be considered one of a state's geopolitical areas.
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KABIESZ, Józef, and Janusz MAKÓWKA. "Selected elements of rock burst state assessment in case studies from the Silesian hard coal mines." Mining Science and Technology (China) 19, no. 5 (September 2009): 660–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1674-5264(09)60123-x.
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Mosselman, Erik. "Studies on River Training." Water 12, no. 11 (November 4, 2020): 3100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12113100.
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This editorial regards a Special Issue of Water on river training. It introduces five papers in a framework of history, fundamentals, case studies and future. Four papers result from decades of experience with innovation, planning, design and implementation of river training works on rivers in Colombia, the Rhine branches in the Netherlands and the Brahmaputra-Jamuna River in Bangladesh. A fifth paper reviews the state-of-the-art in predicting and influencing the formation and behavior of river bars. The editorial argues that the future lies in more flexible river training, using a mix of innovative permanent structures and recurrent interventions such as dredging, sediment nourishment, vegetation management and low-cost temporary structures.
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Wu, Xiang-Dong, Yixin Zhou, Hongyi Shao, Dejin Yang, Sheng-Jie Guo, and Wei Huang. "Robotic-assisted revision total joint arthroplasty: a state-of-the-art scoping review." EFORT Open Reviews 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eor-22-0105.
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Background: During the past decades, robotic-assisted technology has experienced an incredible advancement in the field of total joint arthroplasty (TJA), which demonstrated promise in improving the accuracy and precision of implantation and alignment in both primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, revision TJA remains a technically challenging procedure with issues of large-scale bone defects and damage to nearby anatomical structures. Thus, surgeons are trying to harness the abilities of robotic-assisted technology for revision TJA surgery. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were comprehensively searched to identify relevant publications that reported the application of robotic-assisted technology in revision TJA. Results: Overall, ten studies reported the use of the robotic system in revision TJA, including active (ROBODOC) and semi-active (MAKO and NAVIO) systems. One clinical case reported conversion from hip fusion to THA, and three studies reported revision from primary THA to revision THA. Moreover, four studies reported that robotic-assisted technology is helpful in revising unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) to TKA, and two case reports converted primary TKA to revision TKA. In this study, we present the latest evolvements, applications, and technical obstacles of robotic-assisted technology in the revision of TJA and the current state-of-the-art. Conclusion: Current available evidence suggests that robotic-assisted technology may help surgeons to reproducibly perform preoperative plans and accurately achieve operative targets during revision TJA. However, concerns remain regarding preoperative metal artifacts, registration techniques, closed software platforms, further bone loss after implant removal, and whether robotic-assisted surgery will improve implant positioning and long-term survivorship.
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Bello, Nicholas D., and Ali M. Memari. "Comparative Review of the Technology and Case Studies of 3D Concrete Printing of Buildings by Several Companies." Buildings 13, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010106.
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This paper dives into the current state of 3D printing in the concrete industry. Currently, there are a number of companies that specialize in the construction of buildings using 3D-printed concrete. This paper looks at each of these companies and the processes they use to accomplish the creation of their concrete walls using 3D-printing technology. The literature review portion of the paper looks at several companies currently in the field and describes their methods based on several distinguishing factors such as printer type, print speed, wall design, reinforcement used, insulation used, wall dimensions, nozzle shape, and several other distinguishing factors. These factors allow for similarities and differences to be drawn between companies. The reader is able to see each company’s approach to the printing of walls. Additionally, this paper estimates and analyzes the structural and thermal performance of drawings mimicking each company’s wall design based on section configuration. This estimation allows the reader to see which wall design they can expect to perform the best in terms of stress generation and thermal bridging.
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Rahm, Dianne, and Thomas F. Luce. "Issues in the Design of State Science- and Technology-Based Economic Development Programs: The Case of Pennsylvania's Ben Franklin Partnership." Economic Development Quarterly 6, no. 1 (February 1992): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089124249200600104.
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Lember, Veiko, Rainer Kattel, and Piret Tõnurist. "Technological capacity in the public sector: the case of Estonia." International Review of Administrative Sciences 84, no. 2 (January 22, 2018): 214–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852317735164.
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Technology is clearly a critical factor in the lives of organizations, yet there are only a few studies that deal with technology and public organizations. In this article, we propose to understand technological change in the public sector, in particular, how technology influences administrative capacity, through a new concept of technological capacity. We use the case of Estonia – internationally associated with a strong e-state profile – as an exploratory case to answer two research questions: ‘Why and how does technological change take place in the public sector?’ and ‘How does technological change influence administrative capacity in public organizations?’ We demonstrate how dynamic and static change in technological capacities is influenced by four different public sector feedback and selection mechanisms. We conclude that in spite of the neglected position of technology in the public administration literature, technology is an intrinsic factor in how administrative capacity evolves.
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Singh, Arkaja. "The Right to Water, Law and Municipal Practice: Case Studies from India." Water 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14010073.
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Recognition of the right to water in Indian courts has had little impact on the ground. This paper explores the seeming disjuncture between what happens in the court and the everyday reality of living with a less-than-perfect claim on city water services in India’s urban slums. The paper seeks to understand and contextualise a court ruling which looks like it declares a right to water for people in urban slums, but in effect gives them little beyond what they already had. The paper also looks at the ‘everyday reality’ of municipal administration and the provision of drinking water in slums through in-house connections and community taps. In both case studies, the author looks to understand how the practice relates to frameworks of law and policy that shape the rationality and scope of action of the actors concerned, both judges and municipal officials. She found that the issue of land was the main stumbling block in both places, but it was conceptualized a little differently in each situation. These case studies underscore the critical importance of making the local interface between poor people and the state more empowering in order for rights to become local and meaningful.
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Amini, Masoome, Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad, Mohammad Reza Bemanian, and Elham Hatami Varzaneh. "DEVELOPING A NEW PARADIGM FOR PERFORMANCE OF EDUCATING CITY THEORY IN ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY MEGA-CITIES, CASE: TEHRAN, IRAN." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 38, no. 2 (July 8, 2014): 130–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2014.925629.
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Considering the growth of the world’s population and the need for educated individuals, the development of technology among the young generation, is now felt more than ever. This issue offers countless opportunities for education. So, many urban managers and city authorities try to consider all available options to achieve this goal. Nowadays, educating cities are the framework for development on local, civil and commercial levels all over the world. Tehran as the capital of Iran is a city where people with different cultures and expectations live. This means that the city authorities must perform various programs to satisfy people’s expectations, thus the role of urban management is extremely valuable, and MPOs must make intelligent decisions in this area. The goal of this paper is to examine the current state of Tehran and the projects related to its potential as an educating city in recent years, and also to evaluate the capability of Tehran to advance to the state of the educating city. The key question is: “How does Tehran fulfill the prerequisites of the principles for educating cities?” And “Which criteria need to be reconsidered for this purpose?” The results of the research show that Tehran has a lots of obstacles had yet to be overcome to meet Educating City goals and objectives.
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ERENSTEIN, OLAF. "VILLAGE SURVEYS FOR TECHNOLOGY UPTAKE MONITORING: CASE OF TILLAGE DYNAMICS IN THE TRANS-GANGETIC PLAINS." Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 3 (April 16, 2010): 277–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479710000049.
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SUMMARYAgricultural research and development (R&D) would benefit from reliable yet cheap technology uptake indicators to guide decision making. The paper explores the use of village surveys to monitor technology use and illustrates this through two empirical case studies into tillage dynamics in the Trans-Gangetic Plains in northwest India. The first case study is a revisit of 50 communities surveyed earlier in Haryana State. The second case study is a new and wider representative sample of 120 villages across Haryana and Punjab States. The case studies illustrate that after an initial rapid spread of tractor-drawn zero tillage drills for wheat seeding in these intensive systems, the zero + reduced tillage area seems to have stabilized there at between a fifth and a quarter of the wheat area. Conventional tillage for wheat continues to decline, with an increased use of rotavators making up the difference – but its intensive shallow tillage goes against the conservation agriculture tenets. The paper illustrates the potential of village surveys to provide timely and cost-effective feedback to agricultural R&D.
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Wheeler, Robert W., Othmane Benafan, Frederick T. Calkins, Xiujie Gao, Zahra Ghanbari, Garrison Hommer, Dimitris Lagoudas, et al. "Engineering design tools for shape memory alloy actuators: CASMART collaborative best practices and case studies." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 30, no. 18-19 (September 22, 2019): 2808–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x19873390.
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One of the primary goals of the Consortium for the Advancement of Shape Memory Alloy Research and Technology is to enable the design of revolutionary applications based on shape memory alloy technology. To advance this goal and reduce the development time and required experience for the fabrication of shape memory alloy actuation systems, several modeling tools were developed for common actuator types and are discussed along with case studies, which highlight their capabilities and limitations. Shape memory alloys have many potential applications as reliable, lightweight, solid-state actuators given their ability to sustain high stresses and recover large deformations. In this article, modeling frameworks are developed for three common actuator designs: wires, lightweight, low-profile, and easily implemented; coiled springs, offering actuation strokes upward of 200% at reduced mechanical loads; and torque tubes, which can provide large actuation torques in small volumes and repeatable low-load actuation. Although the design and integration of a shape memory alloy–based actuation system requires application- and environment-specific engineering considerations, common modeling tools can significantly reduce the investment required for actuation system development and provide valuable engineering insight. This analysis presents a collection of Consortium for the Advancement of Shape Memory Alloy Research and Technology collaborative best practices to allow readers to utilize the available design tools and understand their modeling principles.
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Muhammaditya, Nur, and Sudarsono Hardjosoekarto. "Driving Bureaucracy Towards Post NPM: Case Studies And TNA Item Bank Management." Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi Publik 11, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/jiap.v11i1.19344.
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This study aims to analyze the transformation of the New Public Management into the New Public Management within the framework of institutional divergence. The study focuses on the transformation of New Public Management as an institutional phenomenon within the framework of bureaucratic hybridization that results in unique divergences according to the organization. Social actors as the main element of institutional normative coupled with other institutional mimetics have an impact on elaboration patterns of government, affecting efficiency and organization. The case study methodology was chosen to see how the roles of actors in the bureaucracy with the help of Text Network Analysis as a visual and structured confirmation tool. The results show that the hybridization of public management in the bureaucracy needs to go beyond coercive factors to encourage the potential of state apparatus in digital governance towards ideal Post New Public Management. Methodological findings in the form of qualitative research variants that are adaptive to the application of technology can be applied to build strong data validity and reliability. Theoretically, the findings also complement institutional divergence studies that have not yet examined the context of the digital bureaucracy era.
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Mannan Khan, Abdul, and Mehnaz Siddiqui. "Use of information technology and services by medical students: a case study." Library Hi Tech News 31, no. 8 (September 30, 2014): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lhtn-06-2014-0044.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine users’ attitude toward the implementation of information technology (IT) on the library of Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS). The paper also aims to explore the hindrances and recommendations for IT-enabled services and find out the present status of automation in the library of SGPGIMS. Design/methodology/approach – A well-structured questionnaire was designed to collect the data for the present study. A thorough survey of the literature was done to examine the findings of the earlier relevant studies. Findings – The results of the survey provide the important information regarding the state-of-the-art of the users of mentioned library. It also finds the barriers due to which overall implication of IT is being delayed. The findings of the study bequeath measures to eradicate the barriers and get the fully automated medical library. Originality/value – The study will have important implications on policymakers, librarians and other higher authorities of SGPGIMS to improve the IT status of their library. It evaluates the users need and points out the measures which can improve the IT status of these libraries.
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Frechen, F. B. "Odor Emissions of Large WWTP'S: Source Strength Measurement, Atmospheric Dispersion Calculation, Emission Prognosis, Countermeasures – Case Studies." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 4-5 (February 1, 1992): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0516.
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Annoyance caused by malodors emitted by wastewater treatment plants is a most important problem in the FRG today. The legal regulations existing today in Germany are strict and under discussion with the aim to state even more restrictive stipulations. In the field of “odor-caused annoyance” it is necessary to use test persons as a detector to achieve results that correctly characterize the phenomenon to be assessed. In the case of odor, it is necessary to understand the basic concepts of sensoric measurement in order toassess the results correctly. In addition, special sampling techniques are necessary. On the emission side, olfactometric measurement is required. Olfactometric measurement programs were carried out on several wwtp's giving a picture of the emission strength of large wwtp's. On the immission side, field inspection with direct judgement by the test persons is used. If immission prognoses are required, it is necessary to do atmospheric dispersion calculations combining source strength data and meteorological data in order to gain a somehow correct prediction of future immision situations. If immission standards are exceeded, countermeasures, reaching from simple operational measures to covering and waste air treatment, may be necessary.
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SHMIHER, Taras V. "REVISING PRINCIPLES FOR THE HISTORY OF UKRAINIAN TRANSLATION STUDIES : CASE OF PRIASHIV UKRAINE." Мова, no. 37 (July 13, 2022): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2307-4558.2022.37.261460.
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The objective of the study is to highlight the contribution of Ukrainian researchers in Priashiv (Prešov in Slovak) as an organic and integral component of Ukrainian translation studies and to examine the extent to which such an approach requires a change in principles to describe the Ukrainian national academic tradition. The main research tasks were to revise the principles for studying the history of Ukrainian translation studies, establish sources, review key editions and publications and clarify the role of nationality and academic institutions in the development of research areas. The methodology is based on the principles of studying the general climate of opinion, immanence and relevance, which provides an objective historiographical analysis and creates opportunities for a comprehensive historiographical synthesis. The novelty lies in the introduction of research materials from Priashiv Region into the systematic study in the context of the history of Ukrainian translation studies. Conclusions. The history of Priashiv Ukrainians’ translation studies testifies that the most important factors for identifying the affiliation of individual papers to the national academic school are language and ethnicity, while genetic links (references to sources) and typology of methods are also important, but Ukrainian translation studies – like most national schools of translation studies in the world – did not create a specific national theory of translation. At the same time, there is still a danger that the “Ukrainian translation studies” of Priashiv Region will lose its continuity with the traditions of translation studies in the Ukrainian State and exist only as part of the “Slovak school of Ukrainian studies”. For supporting the development of Priashiv academic school, which will be most beneficial both for Ukraine and Slovakia, it is necessary to strengthen and develop the Ukrainian researching and academic institutions of Priashiv Region.
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Ochoa, Enrique C. "Reappraising State Intervention and Social Policy in Mexico: The Case of Milk in the Distrito Federal during the Twentieth Century." Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos 15, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 73–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1051943.
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This essay moves beyond the sweeping generalizations about government intervention in the economy to examine the complex factors that have led to such policies. By examining the case of milk in the Federal District during a period of historic transformation, the essay demonstrates how urban pressures, competing demands, and the relatively easy solution of importing powdered milk during periods of crisis led government officials to use the new technology of milk recombination as a solution to the myriad problems plaguing Mexico City's milk supply. / Este ensayo va más allá de las extensas generalizaciones sobre la intervención del gobierno en la economía, para examinar los complejos factores que han llevado a tales políticas. A través de un análisis del caso de la leche en el Distrito Federal durante un periodo de transformación histórica, el ensayo demuestra la manera en que las presiones urbanas, las demandas competitivas y la relativamente fácil solución de importar leche en polvo durante periodos de crísis, llevó a oficiales del gobierno a utilizar la nueva tecnología de la recombinación de leche como una solución a la miríada de problemas que plaga a la suministración de leche en la ciudad de México.
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Farid, Miftah, and Ajeng Ayu Adhisty. "STATE ACTION AS AN INDIVIDUAL SECURITY THREAT IN CASE OF CYBERCRIME SECURITIZATION." Jurnal Pertahanan 5, no. 3 (December 2, 2019): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33172/jp.v5i3.589.
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<p>In the current security concept, there are some changes to the current security object. This is due to the increasingly broad understanding of security objects. This study examines the emergence of cyber issues as a new threat to state security. Cyber actions in the virtual world are developing along with the rapid technology development. Moreover, the state policy on cyber issues is considered as a new threat to individual security. The development of that state security issue is being debated among the theoreticians of international security studies. The concept of securitization explains the phenomenon of cyber issues and receives the attention of many states. Securitization carried out by the United States on Cybercrime issues becomes the initial trigger in viewing cyber actions as a new threat to state security. The object of this paper is more focused on State policy in dealing with cyber threats. Afterward, state policy in facing the cyber threat is seen from the perspective of human security from UNDP. Therefore, there is a debate about the desired security object. State actions to reach state security are then considered as individual privacy security. So, international security now does not only focus on state objects but also on individual, environment, economy, and identity. Thus, every action taken in securing an object does not pose a threat to other security objects.</p><div><p class="Els-keywords">Keywords: Cybercrime, State Security, Human Security, Securitization</p></div>
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Galik, Christopher S., Rebecca Widiss, and Benjamin Lowe. "U.S. State-Commissioned Energy Storage Studies: A Case Study of Research and Practice in a Rapidly Evolving Field." Journal of Energy Storage 39 (July 2021): 102590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2021.102590.
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Asatryan, V. L., and M. R. Dallakyan. "Assessment of seasonal differences of ecological state of lotic ecosystems and applicability of some biotic indices in the basin of Lake Sevan (Armenia): case study of Masrik River." Water Supply 19, no. 4 (November 1, 2018): 1238–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2018.182.
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Abstract Complex studies of seasonal differences of the ecological state of Masrik River (Armenia) were realized in 2017. Water quality was assessed by BMWP, ASPT and FBI indices based on studies of qualitative and quantitative structures of benthic macro-invertebrates. Potential reference sites in the basin were revealed using the %EPT taxa index in addition to water quality assessment by bioindication methods as well as hydro-chemical, -physical and -morphological measurements. The applicability of the used biotic indices for the different parts of Masrik River was discussed.
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Anthony, Ugboja. "Information and Communication Technology and the Learning of English Phonetics in Selected Secondary Schools in Nigeria: A Case Study." English Linguistics Research 6, no. 4 (November 8, 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/elr.v6n4p13.
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The study investigated the Information and Communication Technology and learning of English phonetics in selected senior secondary schools in Rivers State. The study employed a descriptive survey design. A sample of ten (10) senior secondary schools was selected from Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Local Government Area of Rivers State. 15 students were randomly selected from the 10 schools which came to a total of (150) students based on the objectives of the study five research questions were formulated four hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The data collected was analyzed using simple descriptive methods of mean and standard deviation (SD) to answer the five research questions. Chi-Square(x2) and t-test were used to test the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The results of the research revealed that there are low availabilities of ICT in Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Local Government Area of Rivers State. The study also revealed that teachers of oral English rarely possess the skills to use the ICT facilities to teach oral English in the public and private secondary schools in Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Local Government Area of Rivers State. The urban areas are more exposed to the use of ICT than their mates in the rural area. Students in the rural area and their mates in the urban area have similar problems in the leaning of phonetics. Based on the results it was recommended that the use of ICT to teach oral English should be encouraged in senior secondary schools. The recommendations, suggestions for further studies and contribution to knowledge were made.
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FitzGerald, Elizabeth, and Anne Adams. "Revolutionary and Evolutionary Technology Design Processes in Location-Based Interactions." International Journal of Mobile Human Computer Interaction 7, no. 1 (January 2015): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmhci.2015010104.
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Development and deployment of location-based systems is a key consideration in the design of new mobile technologies. Critical to the design process is to understand and manage the expectations of stakeholders (including funders, research partners and end users) for these systems. In particular, the way in which expectations impact upon technology development choices between small-scale, ‘high tech' innovations or larger scalable solutions. This paper describes the differences in a revolutionary design process (for ‘high tech' prototypes or catwalk technologies) versus an evolutionary design process (for scalable or prêt-a-porter systems), as exemplified in two location-based mobile interaction case studies. One case study exemplifies a revolutionary design process and resultant system, and the other an evolutionary design process and system. The use of these case studies is a clear natural progression from the paper that first described the concept of ‘catwalk technologies' (Adams et al, 2013), which itself drew upon research that used mobile devices for outdoor 'in the wild' locations. This paper presents a set list of fifteen heuristic guidelines based upon an analysis of these case studies. These heuristics present characteristics and key differences between the two types of design process. This paper provides a key reference point for researchers, developers and the academic community as a whole, when defining a project rationale for designing and developing technical systems. In addition, we refer to the role of the researcher/research team in terms of guiding and managing stakeholder and research team expectations and how this relates to the planning and deployment of catwalk or prêt-à-porter technologies. Lastly, we state how this research has vital implications for planning and enacting interventions and sequences of interactions with stakeholders and, crucially, in the planning of future research projects.
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Urban, Wiesław, and Krzysztof Łukaszewicz. "Towards a Self-Service Approach in the Printing Industry. An Investigation of State of the Art Technologies Along with Industry 4.0 Changes." Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering 4, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 232–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mape-2021-0021.
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Abstract It is commonly believed that the current economic state of many countries is at the stage of the fourth industrial revolution. The changes resulting from this revolution are affecting all sectors of the economy, including the printing sector. The aim of this article is to analyse the state of the art technology in sheetfed printing and then to identify the challenges for further changes in the technology of this type of printing as well as technological and organisational changes in the processes of preparation and realisation of printing products. The article uses case studies of selected technologies offered by key technology suppliers in this area and case studies of selected business entities – manufacturers of printing products. The research approach adopted in this article also takes conceptual work into account. It was found that the observed changes in the printing industry are consistent with the assumptions of the Industry 4.0 concept in the aspect of the digitisation and mass personalisation of products, which leads to the thesis that in the future personalised digital printing ordered through self-service will play a dominant role.
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Reddy, K. R., and T. A. DeBusk. "State-of-the-Art Utilization of Aquatic Plants in Water Pollution Control." Water Science and Technology 19, no. 10 (October 1, 1987): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0098.
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Research, pilot-scale and operational studies conducted within the past 15 years have shown that aquatic macrophyte-based treatment systems offer a promising, low-cost method for removing contaminants from wastewaters and polluted natural waters. The vascular plants cultured in such treatment systems perform several functions, including assimilating and storing contaminants, transporting O2 to the root zone, and providing a substrate for microbial activity. Among the various types of aquatic treatment systems, pond systems containing floating macrophytes such as the water hyacinth are most commonly utilized for wastewater treatment in tropical and sub-tropical regions, whereas in temperate regions, emergent plants cultured in artificial wetlands (e.g., root zone method, nutrient film techniques) appear to be more appropriate. However, due to concerns about system management and reliability, aquatic plant treatment systems are currently used only on a limited basis throughout the world. This review discusses the general performance, contaminant removal processes and criteria for plant selection in aquatic macrophyte wastewater treatment systems. Case studies on the use of floating plants for domestic wastewater treatment and the renovation of eutrophic lake water are presented, and future research needs for aquatic macrophyte-based wastewater treatment systems are discussed.
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Pamungkas, Cahyo. "Nationalism of Border Society: Case Study of Sangir People, Sangihe Regency." KOMUNITAS: International Journal of Indonesian Society and Culture 8, no. 1 (February 18, 2016): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/komunitas.v8i1.3669.
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This study aims to describe how maintenance of nationalism has been conducted by the state toward border communities and how far citizens understand the concept of the Homeland and border, national pride, and apprehending the meaning of nationalism. The main source of data used in this study was the result of interviews, focus group discussions, participant observation, and literature studies conducted in Tahu, and Marore (Sangihe). The findings in this study are as follows. First, the acquisition of knowledge about the Homeland as a political concept, as well as national pride border communities today is increasing due to the development of information technology development and maintenance of nationalism efforts undertaken by the Government. Second, nationalism is defined by the state as measured by peoples understanding toward the concept of nationalism which is less relevant to the socio-economic context of low income border communities. Third, the maintenance of nationalism efforts can be done to accommodate and provide space for cultural identity development of border communities in Indonesia.