Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Technology and state – Catalonia (Spain)

Contents

Journal articles
Dissertations / Theses
Books
Book chapters
Conference papers
Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Technology and state – Catalonia (Spain)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Technology and state – Catalonia (Spain).'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Technology and state – Catalonia (Spain)"

1

Puntí Brun, Mònica. "Proximity Online Media in Catalonia (Spain). The Case Study of Nació Digital Group." Romanian Journal of Communication and Public Relations 17, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21018/rjcpr.2015.1.104.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper aims to make a conceptualization of proximity digital media. It will define what is local and proximity communication as well as the history and evolution of online journalism and digital media features which are briefly reviewed. Business models that exist nowadays and the state of art in Catalonia (Spain) will also be briefly analysed. From this theoretical framework it will be explained the case of Nació Digital and its territorial media. Initially the history of this media group will be developed, as well as its journalistic and business models. The paper seeks to underscore the importance of the journalistic model based on the tradition of the profession, the proximity information and the technology developed for this online media. The Nació Digital is an example of a successful media outlet judging from its audience figures (the second online media in Catalonia) and its sustainable model business.<em><em><br /></em></em>

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Kühne, Ina. "Die Rolle der Schulsprachenpolitik bei der Normalisierung der llengua pròpia in Katalonien und der Region Valencia seit Beginn der Transición." Linguistik Online 118, no. 6 (December 26, 2022): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.118.9085.

Full text

Abstract:

Catalonia and the Valencian Country are characterized by a very special sociolinguistic situation, which consists in the coexistence of the Castilian language as the official language of the Spanish state and the regional languages as co-official languages in the respective Autonomous communities. This constellation holds the potential for political tension, since in the past ‒ but still today ‒ it lead/leads to linguistic conflicts, whose origins lie in the political history of Spain, during which the regional languages time and time again were subject to repressions and prohibitions, that came to a head during the dictatorship of Francisco Franco. Since the beginning of the Spanish transition to democracy it was possible to work towards a resolution of the linguistic conflicts by means of legal norms and a corresponding language legislation. Especially the language teaching policy is an important area of language policy, since it has a long-lasting influence on the language skills of the citizens. The present article gives a detailed description of the measures taken in Catalonia and the Valencian Country concerning the language teaching policies since the beginning of the Spanish transition to democracy. Furthermore, it analyzes, in what way the language skills of the citizens of the Autonomous communities of Catalonia and Valencia have been improved through the applied language teaching policies and finally offers a comparison between the two Regions in this respect. The analysis is based on statistical surveys realized by the Institut d’Estadística de Catalunya (IDESCAT) and the Generalitat Valenciana.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Olivera, Nihil. "E-Migration." International Journal of E-Politics 4, no. 1 (January 2013): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jep.2013010102.

Full text

Abstract:

Communication and social practices of migrants are changing the dynamics of integration policies. Terms like globalization or transnationalization denote (apparently) an increased flow of information, goods, and capital across nation-state borders. However, borders are open for transactions, not for people. Located in the research thematic area of the Information Society, this article presents some technological, geographical, and social (TGS) characteristics that create a space the author calls e-migration, where the intervention of technology in society produces changes never seen before. This article is a theoretical reflection that discussed a case study of integration and immigration policies of French e-migrants (from the European Union, EU) and Ecuadorians (non-EU) in Catalonia, Spain. The article concludes with a discussion of some implications for future empirical research on e-migration.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Magrí, Albert, Maël Ruscalleda, Albert Vilà, Tiago R. V. Akaboci, M. Dolors Balaguer, Josep M. Llenas, and Jesús Colprim. "Scaling-Up and Long-Term Operation of a Full-Scale Two-Stage Partial Nitritation-Anammox System Treating Landfill Leachate." Processes 9, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9050800.

Full text

Abstract:

(1) Background: Biological treatment of leachate in landfill sites using anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is challenging because of the intrinsic characteristics of this complex wastewater. In this work, the scale-up and subsequent full-scale implementation of the PANAMMOX® technology (LEQUIA Research Group, Girona, Catalonia, Spain) are presented as a case study to achieve long-term nitrogen (N) removal from mature leachate mostly through a completely autotrophic pathway. (2) Methods: The treatment system consists of two sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) running in series to individually operate partial nitritation (PN) and anammox (A). Following biological treatment, physicochemical oxidation (i.e., Fenton-based process) was used to remove the remaining non-biodegradable organic matter. A cost analysis comparative was conducted in relation to the former technology used on-site for treating the leachate. (3) Results: The scale-up of the process from pilot- to full-scale was successfully achieved, finally reaching an average removal of 7.4 kg N/d. The composition of the leachate changed over time, but especially once the landfill site stopped receiving solid waste (this fact involved a marked increase in the strength of the leachate). The adjustment of the alkalinity-to-ammonium ratio before feeding PN-SBR helped to improve the N-removal efficiency. Values of conductivity above 25 mS/cm in A-SBR could negatively affect the performance of the anammox process, making it necessary to consider a dilution strategy according to the on-line monitoring of this parameter. The analysis of the operational costs showed that by implementing the PANAMMOX® technology (LEQUIA Research Group, Girona, Catalonia, Spain) in the landfill site, savings up to 32% were achievable. (4) Conclusions: Treatment of mature landfill leachate in such a two-stage PN-A system was demonstrated as feasible and economically appealing despite the complexity of this industrial wastewater. Accurate expert supervision of the process was a key factor to reaching good performances.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Santasusagna Riu, Albert, Ramon Galindo Caldés, and Joan Tort Donada. "Assessing Inter-Administrative Cooperation in Urban Public Services: A Case Study of River Municipalities in the Internal Border Area between Aragon and Catalonia (Spain)." Water 12, no. 9 (September 8, 2020): 2505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092505.

Full text

Abstract:

The proper management of urban public services (UPS) ensures that a territory functions efficiently, since it guarantees optimal waste disposal, water supply, and the maintenance of communication infrastructure, among other things. In areas of high urban density located close to metropolitan cities, UPS are usually provided properly and efficiently. However, in less populated territories, lying in the periphery, significant problems and deficiencies are often encountered, being most evident in rural areas located on the administrative limits of a state or region. This paper seeks to analyze the management of UPS in the internal border area between two Spanish regions, Aragon and Catalonia. A total of 72 stakeholders (mayors and town clerks) from 49 river municipalities were involved in this study that employs a quantitative methodology (questionnaire). The perception that there are deficiencies to correct and a clear will to reach agreements and establish cooperation mechanisms is detected in many of the municipalities in the border area. A clear need to cooperate is also apparent in a series of priority UPS, including the promotion of river tourism, town access roads, urban collective passenger transport, and environmental protection.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Bullejos, Manuel, David Cabezas, Manuel Martín-Martín, and Francisco Javier Alcalá. "A Python Application for Visualizing the 3D Stratigraphic Architecture of the Onshore Llobregat River Delta in NE Spain." Water 14, no. 12 (June 11, 2022): 1882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14121882.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper introduces a Python application for visualizing the 3D stratigraphic architecture of porous sedimentary media. The application uses the parameter granulometry deduced from borehole lithological records to create interactive 3D HTML models of essential stratigraphic elements. On the basis of the high density of boreholes and the subsequent geological knowledge gained during the last six decades, the Quaternary onshore Llobregat River Delta (LRD) in northeastern Spain was selected to show the application. The public granulometry dataset produced by the Water Authority of Catalonia from 433 boreholes in this strategic coastal groundwater body was clustered into the clay–silt, coarse sand, and gravel classes. Three interactive 3D HTML models were created. The first shows the location of the boreholes granulometry. The second includes the main gravel and coarse sand sedimentary bodies (lithosomes) associated with the identified three stratigraphic intervals, called lower (>50 m b.s.l.) in the distal LRD sector, middle (20–50 m b.s.l.) in the central LRD, and upper (<20 m b.s.l.) spread over the entire LRD. The third deals with the basement (Pliocene and older rocks) top surface, which shows an overall steeped shape deepening toward the marine platform and local horsts, probably due to faulting. The modeled stratigraphic elements match well with the sedimentary structures reported in recent scientific publications. This proves the good performance of this incipient Python application for visualizing the 3D stratigraphic architecture, which is a crucial stage for groundwater management and governance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Guzman-Parra, Jose, Pilar Barnestein-Fonseca, Gloria Guerrero-Pertiñez, Peter Anderberg, Luis Jimenez-Fernandez, Esperanza Valero-Moreno, Jessica Marian Goodman-Casanova, et al. "Attitudes and Use of Information and Communication Technologies in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment or Early Stages of Dementia and Their Caregivers: Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): e17253. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17253.

Full text

Abstract:

Background Information and communication technologies are promising tools to increase the quality of life of people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment and that of their caregivers. However, there are barriers to their use associated with sociodemographic factors and negative attitudes, as well as inadequate knowledge about technologies. Objective The aim of this study was to analyze technophilia (attitudes toward new technologies) and the use of smartphones and tablets along with associated factors in people with dementia/mild cognitive impairment and their caregivers. Methods Data from the first visit of the Support Monitoring and Reminder for Mild Dementia (SMART4MD) randomized multicenter clinical trial were used for this analysis. Data were obtained from two European countries, Spain and Sweden, and from three centers: Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa (Catalonia, Spain), Servicio Andaluz de Salud (Andalusia, Spain), and the Blekinge Institute of Technology (Sweden). Participants with a score between 20 and 28 in the Mini Mental State Examination, with memory problems (for more than 6 months), and who were over the age of 55 years were included in the study, along with their caregivers. The bivariate Chi square and Mann-Whitney tests, and multivariate linear and logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 1086 dyads were included (N=2172). Overall, 299 (27.53%) of people with dementia/mild cognitive impairment had a diagnosis of dementia. In addition, 588 (54.14%) of people with dementia/mild cognitive impairment reported using a smartphone almost every day, and 106 (9.76%) used specific apps or software to support their memory. Among the caregivers, 839 (77.26%) used smartphones and tablets almost every day, and 181 (16.67%) used specific apps or software to support their memory. The people with dementia/mild cognitive impairment showed a lower level of technophilia in comparison to that of their caregivers after adjusting for confounders (B=0.074, P=.02) with differences in technology enthusiasm (B=0.360, P<.001), but not in technology anxiety (B=–0.042, P=.37). Technophilia was associated with lower age (B=–0.009, P=.004), male gender (B=–0.160, P<.001), higher education level (P=.01), living arrangement (living with children vs single; B=–2.538, P=.01), country of residence (Sweden vs Spain; B=0.256, P<.001), lower depression (B=–0.046, P<.001), and better health status (B=0.004, P<.001) in people with dementia/mild cognitive impairment. Among caregivers, technophilia was associated with comparable sociodemographic factors (except for living arrangement), along with a lower caregiver burden (B=–0.005, P=.04) and better quality of life (B=0.348, P<.001). Conclusions Technophilia was associated with a better quality of life and sociodemographic variables in people with dementia/mild cognitive impairment and caregivers, suggesting potential barriers for technological interventions. People with dementia/mild cognitive impairment frequently use smartphones and tablets, but the use of specific apps or software to support memory is limited. Interventions using these technologies are needed to overcome barriers in this population related to sociodemographic characteristics and the lack of enthusiasm for new technologies. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03325699; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03325699

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Romero, Marc, Montse Guitert, Albert Sangrà, and Mark Bullen. "Do UOC students fit in the Net Generation profile? An approach to their habits in ICT use." International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning 14, no. 3 (July 5, 2013): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v14i3.1422.

Full text

Abstract:

<p>Some authors have stated that university students born after 1982 have been profoundly influenced by digital technologies, showing different characteristics when compared to previous generations. However, it is worth asking if that is a current observable phenomenon. Are those students born after the 80s really more familiar with ICT tools than those born in previous generations? Do they show different study habits and learning paths? Different research lines (Kennedy, et al., 2010; Bennett, Maton, & Kervin, 2008; Gros, García, & Escofet, 2012) highlight that scientific data is rarely used when discussing this generation’s characteristics; however, none of them have proved in statistical terms that college students do not fit in the Net Generation characteristics and that their habits of ICT use in social and professional activities do not differ from older generations. The international research project, Digital Learners in Higher Education, seeks to develop a sophisticated and evidence-based understanding of university learners in different institutional contexts and the perception of cultures in their use of technology in a social and educational context. Data has been collected from four institutions in Canada and Spain: the British Columbia Institute of Technology, the University of Regina, the Open University of Catalonia (UOC), and the University Rovira i Virgili. In order to develop this project, we used a multi-case study embedded design (Yin, 2009). The UOC’s case is deeply analysed in this paper to affirm that the Net Generation is more speculative than real and that includes students’ perception about this phenomenon, and guidelines are proposed in an eLearning context.</p>

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Lvova, Alla Olegovna, and Sussanna Vachagonovna Vantsyan. "ECONOMIC PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF CATALONIA AS SOVEREIGN STATE." Chronos 7, no. 4(66) (June 13, 2022): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.52013/2658-7556-66-4-45.

Full text

Abstract:

This article is devoted to the study of the economic performance of Spain and its separate region of Catalonia from 2000 to 2019. It attempts to determine the contribution of the autonomous region to Spain’s GDP, to show the main industries that play a key role in the economy of Catalonia, to list the risks that Spain and Catalonia might face if the latter could gain independence, to determine whether Catalonia has an opportunity of becoming a sovereign state. The purpose of the study is to determine the conditions for the economic independence of Catalonia from Spain on the basis of statistical data of the analysis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Bernat, Ignasi, and David Whyte. "Postfascism in Spain: The Struggle for Catalonia." Critical Sociology 46, no. 4-5 (September 11, 2019): 761–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0896920519867132.

Full text

Abstract:

The thousands of Spanish National Police and Guardia Civil sent to Barcelona in order to prevent the referendum legislated by the Catalan Parliament on 6 and 7 September 2017 raised major questions about the fragility of Spanish democracy. The subsequent display of police violence on 1 October and the imprisonment and criminalisation of political opponents for the archaic offences of ‘rebellion’ and ‘sedition’ looked even less ‘democratic’. Indeed, those events in Catalonia constitute a remarkable moment in recent European history. This article uses the literature on ‘postfascism’ (developed in this journal and elsewhere) to analyse this remarkable moment and develop its social connections to the parallel re-emergence of fascist violence on the streets and the appearance of fascist symbolism in mainstream politics in Spain. The literature on postfascism identifies contemporary fascism as a specifically cultural phenomenon, but generally fails to identify how the conditions that sustain the far right originate inside the state. In order to capture this historical turn more concretely as a process in which state institutions and processes of statecraft are intimately involved, we argue that the Spanish state is postfascist. The article offers a brief critique of the way the concept of postfascism has been deployed, and, through an empirical reading of the historical development of Spanish state institutions, it proposes a modified frame that can be used to understand the situation in Catalonia.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Technology and state – Catalonia (Spain)"

1

Harty, Siobhán. "Disputed state, contested nation : republic and nation in interwar Catalonia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0027/NQ50182.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Baldomero, Warstrand Astrid. "Catalonia - a New State in Europe? : Exploring the legal possibilities of creating an independent Catalan State." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-416428.

Full text

Abstract:

Support for the creation of an independent Catalan state has increased significantly during the past two decades. In 2017, an estimated 40.2 percent of the total Catalan population supported the creation of an independent Catalonia. The road towards independence has shown to be filled with legal obstacles. While the separatists tend to base their demand for independence on a supposed “right to self-determination” and a “right to decide”, the meaning and effects of invoking these “rights” can be questioned. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the legal possibilities of forming an independent Catalan state based on these commonly invoked rights. With regard to self-determination, this thesis concludes that all peoples have a right to self-determination, but this right does not necessarily entail a right to secession. Only under grave circumstances can self-determination lead to secession. The Catalans are not in such a situation and cannot therefore successfully claim that their right to self-determination entails a right to secede from Spain. As to a “right to decide”, the right as such exists neither within international law nor Spanish national law. This right can be broken down into two parts: The possibility to hold a referendum on independence and the possibility to declare independence based on the referendum. The thesis concludes that despite a referendum being complicated, but not impossible, to organise based on the Spanish Constitution, the Catalans can organise such a referendum based on international human rights law. The Catalans can also unilaterally declare independence since there is no explicit prohibition against doing so. Finally, the thesis discusses the issue of international recognition. Catalonia is unlikely to receive international recognition under the current circumstances. The thesis then concludes that even though the Catalans do not have a right to self-determination in the form of secession, they could organise a referendum and unilaterally declare independence. Such a declaration will however have no effect in practice without recognition from the international community.
El apoyo a la creación de un estado catalán independiente ha incrementado considerablemente en las últimas dos décadas. En 2017, se estimaba que un 40,2 por ciento de la población catalana apoyaba la creación de una Cataluña independiente. El camino hacia la independencia ha demostrado varios obstáculos jurídicos. Las personas que abogan por esta independencia, tienden a fundar su anhelo de establecer una Cataluña independiente apoyándose en un “derecho a la autodeterminación” y un “derecho a decidir”. El significado y los efectos de invocar estos “derechos” pueden ser cuestionados. El objetivo de esta tesis es investigar las posibilidades e incertidumbres legales que podrían conllevar el crear una Cataluña independiente protegiéndose en estos derechos. Con respecto a la autodeterminación, esta tesis concluye que todos los pueblos tienen un derecho a la autodeterminación, pero este derecho no implica un derecho a la secesión. El derecho a la autodeterminación sólo puede implicar un derecho a la secesión bajo circunstancias graves. Hoy en día los catalanes no se encuentran en una situación de tal gravedad, es por ello que el derecho a la autodeterminación no les da un derecho a la secesión de España unilateralmente. El “derecho a decidir” no existe en el orden jurídico español ni en el nivel internacional. Sin embargo, este derecho puede ser dividido en dos partes: La posibilidad de organizar un referéndum, y la posibilidad de unilateralmente declarar independencia según el resultado del referéndum. Esta tesis concluye que, a pesar de que un referéndum es complicado, no sería imposible organizar uno según la constitución española. Es por ello que la población catalana que aboga por la independencia, podrían organizar un referéndum apoyándose en derechos humanos internacionales. Los catalanes también pueden unilateralmente declarar la independencia, porque no hay ninguna prohibición explicita contra una declaración de independencia. Para finalizar, la tesis examina el tema de reconocimiento internacional. Es improbable que Cataluña obtenga reconocimiento internacional como un estado independiente. La tesis concluye que, a pesar de no disfrutar de un derecho a la autodeterminación, los catalanes podrían organizar un referéndum y unilateralmente declarar la independencia. Pero, en todo caso, sería una declaración vacía de contenido y no tendría ningún efecto sin un reconocimiento de la comunidad internacional.
El suport a la creació d’un estat català independent ha incrementat considerablement les últimes dues dècades. El 2017, s’estimava que el 40,2% de la població catalana va donar suport a la creació d’una Catalunya independent. El camí cap a la independència s’ha topat diversos obstacles jurídics. Les persones que advoquen per aquesta independència, tendeixen a fundar el seu anhel d’establir una Catalunya independent en un “dret a l’autodeterminació” i un “dret a decidir”. El significat i els efectes d’invocar aquests “drets” es poden qüestionar. L’objectiu d’aquesta tesi és investigar les possibilitats i incerteses legals que podria comportar el fet de crear una Catalunya independent protegida per aquests drets. Pel que fa a l’autodeterminació, aquesta tesi conclou que tots els pobles tenen un dret a l’autodeterminació, però aquest dret no implica un dret a la secessió. El dret a l’autodeterminació només pot implicar un dret a la secessió sota circumstàncies greus. Avui dia, la població catalana que advoca per la independència no es troba en una situació d’aquesta gravetat, és per això que el dret a l’autodeterminació no els dona un dret a la secessió d’Espanya unilateralment. Pel que fa al “dret a decidir”, aquest dret no existeix en l’ordre jurídic espanyol ni en l’àmbit internacional. No obstant, aquest dret pot dividir en dues parts: la possibilitat d’organitzar un referèndum, i la possibilitat d’unilateralment declarar la independència segons el resultat del referèndum. Aquesta tesi conclou que, tot i que un referèndum és complicat, no seria impossible organitzar-ne un segons la constitució espanyola. És per això que els catalans podrien organitzar un referèndum basant-se en drets humans internacionals. Els catalans també podrien unilateralment declarar la independència, perquè no hi ha cap prohibició explícita contra una declaració d’independència. Per finalitzar, la tesi examina el tema del reconeixement internacional. És improbable que Catalunya obtingui reconeixement com a un estat independent de la comunitat internacional. La tesi conclou que els catalans, malgrat no tenir un dret a l’autodeterminació, podrien organitzar un referèndum i podrien unilateralment declarar la independència. Però, en tot cas, seria una declaració buida de contingut i no tindria cap efecte sense un reconeixement de la comunitat internacional.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Albers, Andrew D. "Ethno-nationalism and the Spanish state : a comparison of three regions in Spain /." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12042009-020026/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Closas, Farriol Alvar Eduardo. "Burning water : the state, irrigation technology and the production of scarcity in Spain." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:afbffe73-fd96-4a9f-9874-ba4fcb4acba5.

Full text

Abstract:

Through studying the adoption of groundwater abstraction technology in the twentieth century in La Mancha, this research investigates the historical role of the state in the development of modern groundwater-fed irrigation in Spain between the 1940s and 1985. By focusing on the Mancha Occidental aquifer and the Las Tablas de Daimiel wetland, this study also scrutinizes how the adoption of groundwater abstraction technology led by the state fed back into the environment through ecosystem degradation and groundwater scarcity at the local and regional level. By examining the historical links between technology adoption, statecraft and ecological change, this study explores the different ways through which the state has taken a prominent role in producing groundwater-fed irrigation socio-ecologies. Additionally, it traces the socio-political mechanisms involved in the progressive desiccation of the Las Tablas de Daimiel wetland and its transformation into a burning dryland.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

BORRAS, ALOMAR Susana. "Governing systems of innovation:regions and technology in Europe: The case study of Catalonia in the 1980s and 1990s." Doctoral thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5184.

Full text

Abstract:

Defence date: 26 February 1996
Examining board: Prof. Giandomenico Majone (supervisor) ; Prof. Roger Morgan (co-supervisor) ; Prof. Yves Mény, EUI ; Dr. Luis Sanz-Menéndez, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas ; Prof. Joan Subirats, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

SKAARUP, Bjørn. "Anatomy and anatomist in early modern Spain : the anatomical revolution in an Iberian context, 1550-1600." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/11894.

Full text

Abstract:

Defence date: 29 June 2009
Examining board: Prof. Antonella Romano - Supervisor; Prof. Bartolomé Yun-Casalilla (EUI); Prof. Rafael Mandressi (Centre Alexandre-Koyré); Prof. Andrea Carlino (Institut d'Histoire de la Médecine)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
No abstract available

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Books on the topic "Technology and state – Catalonia (Spain)"

1

Catalonia: Nation building without a state. Don Mills, Ont: Oxford University Press, 2001.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Nations against the state: The new politics of nationalism in Quebec, Catalonia, and Scotland. 2nd ed. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave, 2001.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Nations against the state: The new politics of nationalism in Quebec, Catalonia, and Scotland. New York: St. Martins Press, 1996.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Power and penury: Government, technology, and science in Philip II's Spain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Jaume, Collell. Escrits polítics. Vic: Institut Universitari d'Història Jaume Vicens i Vives, 1997.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Carl, Mitcham, and Society for Philosophy & Technology (U.S.), eds. Philosophy of technology in Spanish speaking countries. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Josep, Solé-Pareta, Workshop on Quality of Service Routing (1st : 2004 : Barcelona, Spain), and International Workshop on Internet Charging and QoS Technologies (4th : 2004 : Barcelona, Spain), eds. Quality of service in the emerging networking panorama: Fifth International Workshop on Quality of Future Internet Services, QofIS 2004, and First Workshop on Quality of Service Routing, WQoSR 2004, and Fourth International Workshop on Internet Charging and QoS Technology, ICQT 2004, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, September 29-October 1, 2004 : proceedings. Berlin: Springer, 2004.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

McRoberts, Kenneth. Catalonia: Nation Building Without a State. Oxford University Press, 2001.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Catalonia Reborn: How Catalonia Took on the Corrupt Spanish State and the Legacy of Franco. Luath Press Limited, 2018.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Innovation Policy: Spain. Organization for Economic, 1987.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Technology and state – Catalonia (Spain)"

1

Gorostiza, Santiago, Hug March, and David Saurí. "Piercing the Pyrenees, connecting Catalonia to Europe." In Water, Technology and the Nation-State, 34–48. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Earthscan studies in water resource management: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315192321-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Roca-Rosell, Antoni. "Science and Technology in the Nationalist Debate in Catalonia after the Civil War." In Science, Culture and National Identity in Francoist Spain, 1939–1959, 131–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58646-1_6.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

del Rincón, L. Delgado. "The Decentralisation of the Advisory Function in the Autonomous State: The Position of the Council for Statutory Guarantees of Catalonia Following CCS 31/2010, of June 28." In The Ways of Federalism in Western Countries and the Horizons of Territorial Autonomy in Spain, 743–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27717-7_49.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

McRoberts, Kenneth. "Catalonia and the Spanish State." In Catalonia, 49–66. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801832.003.0003.

Full text

Abstract:

Catalan nationalism has also been fostered by Catalonia’s relationship with the rest of the Iberian Peninsula, most notably with Castile, which ultimately established political dominance. The chapter explores Catalonia’s relations with its neighbours on the Iberian Peninsula, tracing how political power ultimately was centralized in the Spanish state despite the fact that Catalonia, along with the Basque Country, remained the Spanish economy’s centre of development and innovation. The chapter also shows how within the Spanish state there developed the ideal of a single Spain nation that ultimately, under the Franco regime, engendered a comprehensive effort, amounting to ‘cultural genocide’, to eliminate not just Catalan nationalism but the Catalan nation itself.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Nagel, Klaus-Jürgen. "Independent Catalonia – a viable new European state?" In Catalonia in Spain and Europe, 208–22. Nomos, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845258256-208.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

McRoberts, Kenneth. "After the UDI." In Catalonia, 257–95. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801832.003.0009.

Full text

Abstract:

The Catalan parliament’s declaration of independence had a profound and enduring impact, even if it did not result in the creation of an independent state. More than four years after it had been adopted, the declaration continued to polarize the politics of Spain and Catalonia. The chapter explores political developments in Catalonia, and Spain, in the wake of the failed secessionist attempt, assessing the halting efforts of the Spanish government to fashion a political accommodation of Catalonia and tracing how this effort has been undermined by forces within the state that remain loyal to the ideal of a single Spanish nation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

McRoberts, Kenneth. "Seeking Independence." In Catalonia, 217–56. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801832.003.0008.

Full text

Abstract:

The 2017 attempt of the Catalan Generalitat to secure independence on a unilateral basis failed outright. A referendum gave overwhelming support to independence but attracted the participation of only a minority of Catalans and a subsequent declaration of independence revealed entrenched obstacles to securing independence on a unilateral basis. The subsequent events revealed even more fully the rigidity of the Spanish state and the depth of the real obstacles to Catalan independence, which are in large part external to Spain itself. Beyond the opposition of the Spanish state and mobilization of opposition within Catalonia itself, the fundamental obstacles to independence are external to Spain: resistance of international corporate elites and financial interests and rejection by officials and government heads of the European Union.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

McRoberts, Kenneth. "The Emergence of Catalan Nationalism." In Catalonia, 21–48. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801832.003.0002.

Full text

Abstract:

With the 1880s, a coherent nationalist ideology, Catalanism, emerged in the hands of a conservative Catalan intelligentsia. Rather than formal independence, Catalanism sought Catalonia’s self-government within a federal Spain, as well as the modernization of the Spanish state. Catalanist pressures resulted in the Mancomunitat, Catalonia’s first self-government. However, by the 1930s the Catalan nationalist movement had become firmly leftist, while remaining committed to Catalan self-government rather than outright independence. The Catalan Generalitat, created in 1932, was undermined by the rejection of Catalan nationalism by the Second Republic Spanish state, as well as by divisions in Catalonia between nationalists and anarchists.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

McRoberts, Kenneth. "Nation-Building in an Autonomous Community." In Catalonia, 95–141. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801832.003.0005.

Full text

Abstract:

With the statute of autonomy enacted, Catalonia was at last able to elect its own parliament. But who was to lead Catalonia and in what direction? With the return of democracy to Catalonia, control of the Generalitat was captured by a conservative form of Catalan nationalism that focused on securing and expanding autonomy within Spain, as opposed to full independence. In the hands of conservative nationalists, the Generalitat apparently was not disposed even to pursue the full fiscal independence that the Basque Country had secured. Still, despite the weak constitutional basis of its autonomy and the prevalence of an integral Spanish nationalism in much of the country, the Generalitat was able to pursue a comprehensive program of ‘nation-building without a state’.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Lecours, André. "Catalonia." In Nationalism, Secessionism, and Autonomy, 43–69. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192846754.003.0003.

Full text

Abstract:

This chapter presents the first case study, Catalonia. By the mid 2010s, the traditional autonomism of Catalan nationalism had become a minority position. The basic argument of the chapter is that Catalonia’s autonomy within Spain, at least since 2010, is static, which means Catalans consider there is little chance that the current system can adapt to their national identity and take into consideration their evolving collective interests. The 2010 Spanish Constitutional Court’s judgment, that invalidated and narrowly interpreted many articles of the reform to the Catalan Stature of Autonomy negotiated four years earlier between the Catalan and Spanish governments, represented a clear statement of the static nature of Catalan autonomy. That statement generated mounting pressures by civil society on nationalist parties, particularly CiU, to adopt clear secessionist positions. The status quo and secession seem to be the only two possible constitutional options, and defending the status quo for Catalonia’s nationalist parties was an untenable political and electoral position. As such, the Catalan secessionist turn involved CiU’s own secessionist turn. As the Catalan government embarked on a process of self-determination, the Spanish state responded by declaring any independence referendum, as well as the act of secession itself, unconstitutional. In so doing, the Spanish state reaffirmed that Catalonia’s autonomy was static insofar as no Catalan political act could trigger a progressive change in the powers of the Generalitat. This stance consolidated the new secessionist pathway of Catalan nationalism.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Technology and state – Catalonia (Spain)"

1

Bartual-Figueras, Maria Teresa, Joaquin Turmo-Garuz, Román Adillon-Boladeras, Lidia Daza-Pérez, Xavier García-Marimón, F. Javier Sierra-Martinez, and Montse Simó-Solsona. "OVEREDUCATION AMONG UNIVERSITY GRADUATES. SOME EVIDENCES FOR CATALONIA (SPAIN)." In 13th International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/inted.2019.1429.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Turmo-Garuz, Joaquin, Teresa Bartual-Figueras, Roman Adillon-Boladeras, Lidia Daza-Perez, Xavier Garcia-Marimon, Montserrat Simo-Solsona, and Javier Sierra-Martinez. "THE INSERTION OF UNIVERSITY GRADUATES. THE CASE OF HUMANITIES DEGREES IN CATALONIA (SPAIN)." In International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/inted.2017.2119.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Bartual-Figueras, Teresa, Lidia Daza-Pérez, and Joaquin Turmo-Garuz. "GENDER DIFFERENCES IN ENGINEERING. THE TRANSITION FROM HIGHER EDUCATION TO EMPLOYMENT IN CATALONIA (SPAIN)." In International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2016.0498.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Castell, Albert, Pere Margalef, Marc Medrano, Luisa F. Cabeza, and Scott G. Samuelsen. "Economic Viability of a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Working With Biogas." In ASME 2008 6th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2008-65259.

Full text

Abstract:

Catalonia (Spain) has a significant potential of biogas production from agricultural activities and municipal waste. In addition, there are plenty of industrial cogeneration plants, but most of them use conventional fuels such as natural gas, and conventional energy conversion devices, such as internal combustion engines. Molten carbonate fuel cells are ultra-clean and highly efficient power generator devices capable of converting biogas into electricity and heat. Located in Lleida (Catalonia), Nufri is a fruit processing company with a long tradition on biogas production and cogeneration, with an installed capacity bigger than 4.5 MW. This study analyzes the economic viability of a fuel cell operating on biogas in Spain, on a real case basis (Nufri). Different fuel cell capacities are analyzed (from 300 kW to 1200 kW). A parametric study of different fuel cell prices ($/kW installed) is performed. Additional biogas cleanup requirements are taken into account. The results are based on the Spanish legislation, which establishes a special legal framework that grants favorable, technology-dependent feed-in premiums for renewable energy and cogeneration. Results show that the payback period ranges from 5 to 8 years depending on the fuel cell capacity and installation price.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Bover-Arnal, Telm, Elisabet Playà, Teresa Calvet, Xavier Delclòs, Maite Garcia-Valles, Marta Guinau, Martín Ríos, Núria Roca, Pura Alfonso, and Antonio Calafat. "CONCERNS ON THE STATE OF GEOSCIENCE SCHOOLING IN THE SECONDARY EDUCATION SYSTEM OF CATALONIA." In 16th International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/inted.2022.0882.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Alexandre Escolà, Ferran Camp, Francesc Solanelles, Santiago Planas, Felip Gracia, Joan-Ramon Rosell, Emilio Gil, and Luís Val. "Spray application volume test in apple and pear orchards in Catalonia (Spain) and Variable Rate Technology for dose adjustment." In 2006 Portland, Oregon, July 9-12, 2006. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.20624.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Badia Rifà, Alba, Daniel Cantos Gálvez, Adam El Ghaib Bougrine, Javier Hidalgo Marí, Marc Martí Arasa, and Arnau Pena Sapena. "Final testing, pre-launch activities, launch and post-launch analysis of a sounding rocket made by students in Spain." In Symposium on Space Educational Activities (SSAE). Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184405.002.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper summarizes the final launch preparation tests, the operations before, during, and after the launch, and the results of the launch of a supersonic sounding rocket developed by university students in Spain with the collaboration of INTA (National Institute of Aerospace Technology). The students are part of the Cosmic Research association, based at the Polytechnic University of Catalonia ESEIAAT, and the rocket is called Bondar. INTA is a Public Research Organization under the Spanish Ministry of Defense dedicated to scientific research and development of systems and prototypes in the fields of aeronautics, space, hydrodynamics, security, and defense. The staff of the El Arenosillo Experimentation Center (CEDEA) collaborated in the Bondar mission with their knowledge and launch capabilities. The launch of the rocket took place on the 30 th of November of 2021. Two students from BiSky, a rocketry team from the University of the Basque Country, also participated in this project, specifically in the development of the on-board and ground-based avionics subsystems. The paper presents information on the mission systems, the operations before, during, and after the countdown to the launch, the documentation required by INTA-CEDEA for the launch, and the results of said launch. In short, the systems developed by Cosmic Research for the launch are: the rocket, the launch pad, the rocket transport box, the flight simulator, and the ground-based rocket tracking station. The documentation required by INTA includes: a detailed description of the systems, a ground risk assessment, a flight risk assessment, structural analysis, aerodynamic analysis, and a list of countdown operations. Launch post-analysis activities evaluate the performance of systems and operations during the most critical phase of the mission. The Bondar Mission, due to its technical and operational complexity, was the most ambitious project ever developed by students in Spain in the field of rocketry. After a successful launch, Bondar became the highest-flying Spanish student-made rocket, with its apogee around 8 km AGL (Above Ground Level)

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Gebhard, Christian Alexander. "China Competence in Europe: Why It Matters and How to Achieve It." In 3rd International Conference. Business Meets Technology. Valencia: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/bmt2021.2021.13613.

Full text

Abstract:

The MERICS Institute thoroughly depicted the state of the art of China competences in Germany at the beginning of 2018. The report explained why it was important to strengthen these competences and made detailed suggestions on how to do so. This article takes a look at developments regarding these competences in Germany and Spain and sheds light on the current image of China among mainly small and medium-sized enterprises in Franconia, Northern Bavaria, by means of surveys and interviews. Suggestions are made on how to improve language skills.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Rodríguez Rodríguez, Lizeth, Adrián Muros Alcojor, and Julian Carelli. "STArq (semana de tecnología en arquitectura)." In Jornadas sobre Innovación Docente en Arquitectura (JIDA). Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Iniciativa Digital Politècnica, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/jida.2022.11555.

Full text

Abstract:

Al segon any de l'esdeveniment mundial de pandèmia 2021 i amb restriccions encara vigents, aprofitant les oportunitats que les tecnologies de la informació (TIC) brinden a l'activitat docent, es va organitzar un projecte acadèmic innovador denominat Setmana de la Tecnologia en Arquitectura (STArq) , que va comptar amb la participació de professors de tres universitats, la Universitat Centroamericana José Simeón Cañas UCA a El Salvador, Amèrica Central, La Universitat Nacional de La Plata a Argentina i la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya a Espanya. L'objectiu de STArq ha estat motivar l'alumnat a un desenvolupament integral i innovador d'un projecte d'arquitectura vertical amb un enfocament de sostenibilitat, però sobretot contribuir al desenvolupament de la capacitat de síntesi per exposar les idees en un àmbit internacional, a mitjançant metodologia basada en projectes ABP i metodologia de disseny integratiu. In the second year of the global pandemic event 2021 and with restrictions still in force, taking advantage of the opportunities that information technologies (ICT) provide to teaching activity, an innovative academic project called Technology week in Architecture (STArq) was organized, which was attended by professors from three universities, the Central American University José Simeón Cañas UCA in El Salvador, Central America, The National University of La Plata in Argentina and the Polytechnic University of Catalonia in Spain. The objective of STArq has been to motivate students to an integral and innovative development of a vertical architecture project with a focus on sustainability, but above all to contribute to the development of the synthesis capacity to expose their ideas in an international scope, through methodology based on ABP projects and integrative design methodology. En el segundo año del evento mundial de pandemia 2021 y con restricciones aún vigentes, aprovechando las oportunidades que las tecnologías de la información (TIC) brindan a la actividad docente, se organizó un proyecto académico innovador denominado Semana de la Tecnología en Arquitectura (STArq), que contó con la participación de profesores de tres universidades, la Universidad Centroamericana José Simeón Cañas UCA en El Salvador, América Central, La Universidad Nacional de La Plata en Argentina y la Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña en España. El objetivo de STArq, ha sido, motivar al alumnado a un desarrollo integral e innovador de un proyecto de arquitectura vertical con un enfoque de sostenibilidad, pero sobre todo contribuir al desarrollo de la capacidad de síntesis para exponer sus ideas en un ámbito internacional, a través de metodología basada en proyectos ABP y metodología de diseño integrativo.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Soley, Gisela, Miquel Morata Royes, Nahuel Manzo, Valentí Fontserè, and Joan Peset. "Resilient System for a Conditioned Predictive Maintenance of Railway Infrastructure." In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.1378.

Full text

Abstract:

<p>RESILTRACK, “Smart and Resilient System for a Conditioned Predictive Maintenance of Railway Infrastructure”, is a 4-year project co-funded by the Centre for the Development of Industrial Technology (CDTI) in Spain. RESILTRACK brings together 6 Spanish partners (COMSA, Retevisión, Telice, Cemosa, Magtel and Estudios GIS) and 4 research and technological institutions (CIMNE, Tecnalia, Leitat and University of Málaga) to work on the design of a system which provides real time information of the infrastructure state and how it is affected by climatic effects. Data will be obtained by a robust, integral and autonomous monitoring of the railway infrastructure, and it will be analyzed by predictive simulations through DEM-FEM models. Finally, the concepts will be integrated through a BIM tool to facilitate decision making.</p>

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Technology and state – Catalonia (Spain)"

1

Nilsson Lewis, Astrid, Kaidi Kaaret, Eileen Torres Morales, Evelin Piirsalu, and Katarina Axelsson. Accelerating green public procurement for decarbonization of the construction and road transport sectors in the EU. Stockholm Environment Institute, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2023.007.

Full text

Abstract:

Public procurement of goods and services contributes to about 15% of global greenhouse gas emissions. In the EU, public purchasing represents 15% of its GDP, acting as a major influencer on the market through the products and services acquired by governments from the local to national levels. The public sector has a role to play in leveraging this purchasing power to achieve the best societal value for money, particularly as we scramble to bend the curve of our planet’s warming. Globally, the construction and transport sectors each represent about 12% of government procurements’ GHG emissions. Furthermore, these sectors’ decarbonization efforts demand profound and disruptive technological shifts. Hence, prioritizing these sectors can make the greatest impact towards reducing the environmental footprint of the public sector and support faster decarbonization of key emitting industries. Meanwhile, the EU committed to achieving 55% reduction in GHG emissions by 2030 compared to 1990 levels. Drastic emissions reductions are needed at an unprecedented speed and scale to achieve this goal. Green Public Procurement (GPP) is the practice of purchasing goods and services using environmental requirements, with the aim of cutting carbon emissions and mitigating environmental harm throughout the life cycle of the product or service. While the EU and many of its Member States alike have recognized GPP as an important tool to meet climate goals, the formalization of GPP requirements at the EU level or among local and national governments has been fragmented. We call for harmonization to achieve the consistency, scale and focus required to make GPP practices a powerful decarbonization tool. We surveyed the landscape of GPP in the EU, with a focus on construction and road transport. Through interviews and policy research, we compiled case studies of eight Member States with different profiles: Sweden, the Netherlands, France, Germany, Estonia, Poland, Spain and Italy. We used this information to identify solutions and best practices, and to set forth recommendations on how the EU and its countries can harmonize and strengthen their GPP policies on the path toward cutting their contributions to climate change. What we found was a scattered approach to GPP across the board, with few binding requirements, little oversight and scant connective tissue from national to local practices or across different Member States, making it difficult to evaluate progress or compare practices. Interviewees, including policy makers, procurement experts and procurement officers from the featured Member States, highlighted the lack of time or resources to adopt progressive GPP practices, with no real incentive to pursue it. Furthermore, we found a need for more awareness and clear guidance on how to leverage GPP for impactful societal outcomes. Doing so requires better harmonized processes, data, and ways to track the impact and progress achieved. That is not to say it is entirely neglected. Most Member States studied highlight GPP in various national plans and have set targets accordingly. Countries, regions, and cities such as the Netherlands, Catalonia and Berlin serve as beacons of GPP with robust goals and higher ambition. They lead the way in showing how GPP can help mitigate climate change. For example, the Netherlands is one of the few countries that monitors the effects of GPP, and showed that public procurement for eight product groups in 2015 and 2016 led to at least 4.9 metric tons of avoided GHG emissions. Similarly, a monitoring report from 2017 showed that the State of Berlin managed to cut its GHG emissions by 47% through GPP in 15 product groups. Spain’s Catalonia region set a goal of 50% of procurements using GPP by 2025, an all-electric in public vehicle fleet and 100% renewable energy powering public buildings by 2030. Drawing from these findings, we developed recommendations on how to bolster GPP and scale it to its full potential. In governance, policies, monitoring, implementation and uptake, some common themes exist. The need for: • Better-coordinated policies • Common metrics for measuring progress and evaluating tenders • Increased resources such as time, funding and support mechanisms • Greater collaboration and knowledge exchange among procurers and businesses • Clearer incentives, binding requirements and enforcement mechanisms, covering operational and embedded emissions With a concerted and unified movement toward GPP, the EU and its Member States can send strong market signals to the companies that depend on them for business, accelerating the decarbonization process that our planet requires.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!