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Academic literature on the topic 'Technologies omiques'
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Journal articles on the topic "Technologies omiques"
Simon, Alix. "Les omiques au service de la myologie." médecine/sciences 39 (November 2023): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2023136.
Full textAuter, Alix, Aymeric Deplace, Damien Freytag, Marion Kern, Pierre-Grégoire Plasse, Lucas Walther, and Dorine Zimmermann. "L’évolution des biotechnologies pharmaceutiques : faire parler le génome pour développer, améliorer et personnaliser les thérapies et la prise en charge des patients." Biologie Aujourd’hui 214, no. 3-4 (2020): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jbio/2020015.
Full textDagher, Georges, Maria Luisa Lavitrano, and Paul Hofman. "Le next-generation biobanking." médecine/sciences 34, no. 10 (October 2018): 849–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2018203.
Full textJoubert, Simon, Vincent Dodelet, Roland Béliard, and Yves Durocher. "La bioproduction des anticorps monoclonaux." médecine/sciences 35, no. 12 (December 2019): 1153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2019219.
Full textHOCQUETTE, J. F., H. BOUDRA, I. CASSAR-MALEK, C. LEROUX, I. PICARD, I. SAVARY-AUZELOUX, L. BERNARD, et al. "Perspectives offertes par les approches en « omique » pour l’amélioration de la durabilité de l’élevage des herbivores." INRAE Productions Animales 22, no. 5 (December 9, 2009): 385–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2009.22.5.3363.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Technologies omiques"
Sérazin, Céline. "Raffinement de l'identité des lymphocytes T régulateurs CD8+ chez l'Homme grâce à l'utilisation des technologies multi-omiques." Thesis, Nantes Université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022NANU1016.
Full textCD8+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) were the first suppressive cells reported in 1970, but they were put aside for years due to a lack of markers to properly define them. Our team demonstrated that CD8+ Tregs identified by low and/or negative expression of CD45RC, one the isoforms of the CO45 molecule, show potent suppressive activity in vitro and in vivo, while cells expressing high levels of CO45RC do not. Herein, we addressed the heterogeneity within CD8+ T lymphocytes, particularly in CD8+CD45RClow/- Tregs and identified new markers. These analyses enabled the characterization of the transcriptomic heterogeneity at a single cell level from non-stimulated total CD8+ T cells and allowed definition of regulatory CD8+CD45RClow/- Treg subsets. Functional analysis using cell sorting and suppressive assays highlighted the suppressive potential of the CD8+CD45RClow/- TNFR2+CD29low Tregs subset. To date, to our knowledge, this is the largest characterization study of human CD8+ Tregs, this huge data resource will help in the current revival of CD8+ Tregs in research, will improve our understanding of T cell heterogeneity and will help translate CD8+ Tregs to the clinic
Kessal, Karima. "Explorations physiopathologiques de la maladie de l’œil sec à travers la recherche de biomarqueurs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS735.
Full textDry eye disease (DED) or keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) is a multifactorial pathology of the anterior segment of the eye affecting the ocular surface (OS). This thesis work aimed to decipher and explore the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of the disease, which could lead to the identification of candidate biomarkers. This was undertaken through targeted or untargeted molecular omics approaches, using human samples of patient OS and experimental models of MOS. This research program was structured into 3 main parts. Firstly, omics approaches and pre-analytical considerations of OS from human samples. Then, clinical phenotyping with specific imaging for precise classification of patients. Finally, the identification of candidate biomarkers for dry eye. This multimodal approach ensured the application of a rational methodology for the dissection of molecular networks from rare samples such as conjunctival imprints or Schrimer strips. The identified molecular effectors highlight the role of epithelial cells in OS homeostasis through the cross-talk between oxidative stress and inflammation, mediated by the IFNs and TNF-alpha pathways, among others. In addition, clinical phenotyping through anatomical characteristics through precision or cellular imaging of the OS has made it possible to provide new thinking to reconsider the refined classification of patients into subgroups
Denecker, Thomas. "Bioinformatique et analyse de données multiomiques : principes et applications chez les levures pathogènes Candida glabrata et Candida albicans Functional networks of co-expressed genes to explore iron homeostasis processes in the pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata Efficient, quick and easy-to-use DNA replication timing analysis with START-R suite FAIR_Bioinfo: a turnkey training course and protocol for reproducible computational biology Label-free quantitative proteomics in Candida yeast species: technical and biological replicates to assess data reproducibility Rendre ses projets R plus accessibles grâce à Shiny Pixel: a content management platform for quantitative omics data Empowering the detection of ChIP-seq "basic peaks" (bPeaks) in small eukaryotic genomes with a web user-interactive interface A hypothesis-driven approach identifies CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitors as candidate drugs for treatments of adrenocortical carcinomas Characterization of the replication timing program of 6 human model cell lines." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL010.
Full textBiological research is changing. First, studies are often based on quantitative experimental approaches. The analysis and the interpretation of the obtained results thus need computer science and statistics. Also, together with studies focused on isolated biological objects, high throughput experimental technologies allow to capture the functioning of biological systems (identification of components as well as the interactions between them). Very large amounts of data are also available in public databases, freely reusable to solve new open questions. Finally, the data in biological research are heterogeneous (digital data, texts, images, biological sequences, etc.) and stored on multiple supports (paper or digital). Thus, "data analysis" has gradually emerged as a key research issue, and in only ten years, the field of "Bioinformatics" has been significantly changed. Having a large amount of data to answer a biological question is often not the main challenge. The real challenge is the ability of researchers to convert the data into information and then into knowledge. In this context, several biological research projects were addressed in this thesis. The first concerns the study of iron homeostasis in the pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata. The second concerns the systematic investigation of post-translational modifications of proteins in the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. In these two projects, omics data were used: transcriptomics and proteomics. Appropriate bioinformatics and analysis tools were developed, leading to the emergence of new research hypotheses. Particular and constant attention has also been paid to the question of data reproducibility and sharing of results with the scientific community
Chauffour, Frédéric. "Relation entre l’acide abscissique et la régulation de la traduction dans le contrôle de la germination de semences d’Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLA037.
Full textGermination vigor is a main concern in agriculture. High seed vigor is defined as the capacity of a seed lot to germinate rapidly, uniformly and in a wide range of environmental conditions. Seed quality is controlled by a dynamic balance between two antagonistic hormones, abscisic acid (ABA), which induces and maintains dormancy and gibberellins (GAs), which stimulate seed germination and seedling establishment. Seed dormancy corresponds to a block to the completion of germination and is an undesirable characteristic from an agronomic point of view. Thus, investigation of seed quality toward a better understanding of hormonal regulation is of fundamental concern for scientific community and seed industry.Recent studies have highlighted the intensive regulation of protein synthesis during seed germination. Translational regulation would govern the implementation of different metabolic programs during seed imbibition in order to maintain seed dormancy or to initiate the germination process. In this thesis, we explore the role of ABA in the control of germination quality during seed development and seed germination, using Arabidopsis thaliana mutant displaying contrasted ABA content.By combined “omic” approaches, we have highlighted the impact of ABA level on metabolic rearrangements during seed maturation. Our results showed that ABA origin in the seeds governs many metabolic rearrangements controlling dormancy depth and germination vigor. In addition, the present work suggests an intimate linkage between translational activity and ABA content, in association with energetic pathways and redox homeostasis.The impact of ABA on proteome turnover during seed germination was studied by adapting a metabolic labeling of neosynthesized proteins based on SILAC methods (stable isotope labelled amino acids in cell culture) to Arabidopsis seeds. Our results suggest that ABA is a key regulator of protein synthesis and modulates metabolic changes during seed imbibition. Indeed, this novel approach has highlighted that ABA controls the translation of more than 400 mRNAs during seed imbibition. This work provides an original perspective on the contribution of ABA and mRNA translation in seed germination and provides a valuable basis for further investigation of translational regulation in seeds and in plants.Based on existing data and those generated during this thesis, we also developed innovative seed treatments and new biomarkers for seed quality assessment. Recent funding for a maturation program dedicated to improve these biotechnologies demonstrates that our research meets the needs of seed industry
Hocq, Rémi. "Clostridium beijerinckii DSM 6423, une souche plateforme émergente pour la bioproduction de solvants." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IAVF0026.
Full textClostridium beijerinckii DSM 6423 is an atypical bacterial strain which can ferment a wide array of substrates and naturally produce a solvent mixture composed of isopropanol, butanol and ethanol (IBE). Despite its potential, the prospect of using this microorganism for a biobased isopropanol synthesis process remains limited. In particular, its poor selectivity to this alcohol and its weak tolerance to the solvent mixture reduce isopropanol recoverability, although these drawbacks might be alleviated by targeted genome editing approaches. For this matter, developing genetic tools, that were until this work inexistent for this bacterium, and increasing our knowledge of its metabolism are important steps. In this context, a first IFPEN thesis did the ground work by drawing its genetic map and isolating isopropanol-tolerant mutants.Based on this context, my thesis first aimed at developing efficient targeted genetic tools for this relevant strain. Use of Dam- Dcm- plasmids permitted for the first time the successful transformation of this microorganism, enabling the development of a reusable, scarless, genome editing tool based on the CRISPR-Cas9 technology. As a proof of concept, the 2 genes CIBE_0562 (upp) and CIBE_3859 (catB) were inactivated. This second modification made the strain sensitive to thiamphenicol and allowed the use of a dual-plasmid CRISPR system that had previously been engineered in IFPEN to modify the genome of a reference solventogenic species: Clostridium acetobutylicum. After the deletion of the pNF2 endogenous plasmid, transformation efficiencies were drastically increased, resulting in a ∆catB ∆pNF2 platform strain that may be used in the future to construct an efficient strain for isopropanol production.In addition to the development of these genetic tools, my thesis also aimed at characterizing the microorganism by different approaches. Firstly, we studied the impact of several model or industrial carbon sources on the strain performances and on its metabolism. Focusing on three substrates (glucose, sucrose, beetroot molasse), a continuous fermentation process was next designed to isolate the two IBE-characteristic physiological states and coupled to a multi-omic analysis. Proteomics preliminary results highlight the severe impacts of industrial substrates on growth.Secondly, the Capp-Switch sequencing transcriptomic approach was used to map transcription start sites (TSS) at the genome scale for the DSM 6423 strain and two other reference solventogenic strains. A comparative TSS analysis notably revealed a differential regulation of the butyryl-CoA synthesis operon between the C. beijerinckii and C. acetobutylicum species.Although initially not planned at the beginning of this work, the sequencing of the AA strain, one of the mutants that were obtained in the first thesis and that is unable to produce isopropanol, as well as a targeted genome approach reproducing its phenotype in a C. beijerinckii model strain, also revealed the crucial role of σ54 in controlling solvent synthesis and alternative sugar uptake pathways.To conclude, by deepening our knowledge on C. beijerinckii DSM 6423 and by allowing targeted genome editing approaches, my thesis is involved in a series of work conducted at IFPEN that aim at making this strain an IBE fermentation model organism, in order to use it for the bioproduction of isopropanol at the industrial scale