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Lukashev, A. S. "How technological progress changed music." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2019. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/14362.
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Soil, Christophe. "Essays on organizations and technological progress." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211096.
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Okada, Toshihiro. "Economic growth and endogenous technological change." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271660.
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Cukrowski, Jacek, and Manfred M. Fischer. "Information-Processing, Technological Progress, and Retail Markets Dynamics." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1999. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4143/1/WSG_DP_6799.pdf.
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The hypothesis in this paper is that the existence of retail markets may not necessarily be
determined by spatial factors and increasing return in transportation (or increasing returns in retailing),
but can be explained by the rational behaviour of firms operating in a stochastic environment. It is shown
that demand uncertainty can serve as an independent source of retail trade. Consequently, the ability of
firms to process information and predict demand (i.e., to decrease demand uncertainty) may affect the
characteristics of retail markets. The results indicate that risk-averse firms always devote resources to
demand forecasting; producers are better off trading with retailers than with final consumers; and the
volume of output supplied through retail markets is greater than it would be if producers traded directly
with consumers (thus benefiting social welfare). Furthermore, the paper shows that technological progress
in data-processing, which allows for cheaper and better predictions of market demand, increases the
number of firms operationg in retail markets. (authors' abstract)Series: Discussion Papers of the Institute for Economic Geography and GIScience
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Zhang, Yimin. "Three essays on R&D and technological progress." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29330.
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This thesis investigates several aspects of research and development (R&D) and technological progress. In Chapter 2 of the thesis, major stylized facts about R&D and other economic activities established in the existing empirical literature are reviewed and summarized. The chapter also undertakes some original empirical work. Specifically, the role of firm size in the determination of R&D intensity is examined, and the market evaluation of intangible assets of knowledge is investigated. Both relationships are estimated using alternative formulations and a set of pooled cross-section and time-series data for the U.S.
In Chapter 3, the relationship between the R&D investment decisions and the financial decisions of a firm is studied from the perspective of managerial behaviour. A model of managerial agency costs is set up and the relationships between agency costs, debt financing, R&D investment, and the technological state of the firm are analyzed. Comparative statics analysis shows that firms with different technologies may choose different levels of financial leverage and R&D investment. In particular, firms possessing superior technology tend to invest more on R&D projects and use less debt than firms with "normal" technology. The chapter also presents some empirical evidence that supports this relationship.
In Chapter 4, a general equilibrium model is set forth to study the economic consequences of technological progress in the manufacturing sector. Empirical evidence has shown that the service sector has been growing rapidly relative to manufacturing, signifying a significant shift in economic structure in several countries, particularly the U.S. This essay shows that this structural shift can be partly explained by fast growing productivity in the manufacturing sector. Also, the impact of the structural shift, particularly on capital investment, is examined within a general equilibrium framework. Different assumptions, with regard to the capital intensiveness of the service sector and with regard to the type of technological change, yield different predictions. Empirical evidence reveals that past technological changes have been principally labour saving and that the service sector in the U.S. economy is likely to be relatively capital intensive.Business, Sauder School of
Graduate
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Saumtally, Anissa. "Economic catching-up, Technological progress and Intellectual property rights." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0829/document.
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L’objectif de cette thèse est de proposer une réponse à la question: Est-ce que les politiques de renforcement des droits de propriété intellectuelle telles que les TRIPS peuvent être bénéfiques aux pays en développement et leurs perspectives de rattrapage économique.?Pour répondre à cette question, on s’intéresse à la dynamique technologique sous-jacente au processus de rattrapage économique. Le premier chapitre propose une revisite empirique et analytique du modele de “catching-up and falling behind” de Verspagen (1991) qui se focalise sur l’étude du rôle des dynamiques d’innovation et d’imitation dans le processus de rattrapage économique. On trouve que même si la dynamique d’innovation est importante pour le rattrapage, la dynamique d’imitation se révèle nécessaire pour s’assurer que les pays en développement puissent développer leurs capacités qui leur permettront de prospérer. L’efficacité de la dynamique d’imitation est conditionnée par les caractéristiques du pays qui détermine sa capacité d’apprentissage (“Learning Capability”).Le deuxième chapitre se concentre sur la compréhension du fonctionnement des transferts de technologie entre les pays développés et les pays en développement. On s’intéresse aux mécanismes derrières les deux canaux de transferts principaux, le commerce international et les IDE, qui sont les canaux les plus étudiés dans la littérature. On déduit de ce chapitre la richesse et la complexité de ces mécanismes.Dans le troisième chapitre, on développe un modèle à base d’agents (ABM) pour représenter ces interactions Nord-Sud et leur complexité, avec une approche évolutionniste. Le modèle de base permet en particulier l’étude du mécanisme de transfert par la mobilité (locale) des travailleurs, un canal très peu étudié dans la littérature. Ceci nous permet d’étudier l’impact que les IDE peuvent avoir sur le développement et le rattrapage. On trouve que si les IDE des pays développés vers les pays en développement peuvent, sous certaines conditions, encourager les transferts de technologie et permettre ainsi le rattrapage, il y a tout de même des effets négatifs potentiels sur les industries locales, en particulier dans les pays les plus en retard.Le dernier chapitre propose une extension du modèle qui introduit les brevets et nous permet ainsi de répondre à la question principale. On observe que si les brevets permettent d’inciter les firmes du Nord à diffuser leur technologie et facilité le rattrapage, ces firmes demanderaient un e parfaite application des lois sur la propriété intellectuelle, ce qui serait trop sévère sur les firmes locales car cela bloquerait les imitations et surtout entraverait les efforts d’innovation de ces firmes, tout en procurant un bénéfice limité pour les firmes du NordThe objective of this thesis is to propose an answer to the question: Can intellectual property rights policies such as TRIPS be beneficial for developing countries and their catching-up process?To answer this question, we first look at the technological dynamics behind the catching-up process. The first chapter thus provides an empirical and analytical update on the catching-up and falling behind model by Verspagen (1991), which focuses on studying the role of the innovation and imitation dynamics in the catching up process. Mainly, we find that while the innovation dynamic is important for the catching-up process, the imitation dynamic is necessary to ensure that countries build solid capabilities that will enable them to prosper. The efficiency of the imitation dynamics is dependent on policy factors that make up the learning capability of firms and ensure firms succeed assimilating knowledge.The second chapter focuses on understanding the way those technological transfers from developed to developing countries can occur, we focus on studying the mechanisms behind two main channels, that is international trade and FDIs, which represent the main form of North-South interactions studied in the literature. From this chapter we conclude that there is a rich diversity of complex mechanisms.In the third chapter, we thus build an agent-based model (ABM) to represent those North-South interactions and their complexities, with an evolutionary economics approach. The model allows us to study a particular mechanism: transfers through the local labour mobility, a channel seldom discussed in the literature. This allows us to study the impact FDI may have on development and catching-up outcomes. We find that while FDI from developed countries can, under the right conditions, encourage technological transfers and thus catching up, there are potential negative effects on local industries, in particular in countries largely behind.The final chapter proposes an extension of the model that introduces patents, in order to answer the main question. We find that while patents help motivate northern firms to disclose their technology and thus facilitate development, those firms would require a perfect level of enforcement that will be too harsh on local firms, block imitations and also severely hinder the southern firms’ innovative efforts, while generating limited gains for northern firms
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Rahman, Atiqur. "Technological progress and technology acquisition : models with and without rivalry." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0030/NQ64654.pdf.
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Недбайло, Н. В. "Influence of scientific and technological progress on the manufacture development." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2018. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10741.
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Fraser, Jake. "Technological progress and economic growth: An Australian exposition 1965 to 2015." Thesis, Fraser, Jake (2017) Technological progress and economic growth: An Australian exposition 1965 to 2015. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2017. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/36109/.
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In the last 25 years or so Australia has experienced one of the longest economic booms in history, as compared with other advanced economies. As a result, Australians are enjoying one of the world’s highest living standards and per capita income. Will Australians continue to enjoy positive economic growth for the next 25 years or so? No one could predict accurately – which is not at all helpful. However, it is possible to shed further light on the long-run sustainability of Australia’s aggregate output growth by quantifying and decomposing it. The primary aim of this dissertation is to quantify the sources of economic growth in Australia covering the period 1965 to 2015. The neoclassical growth analysis (Solow 1956; Swan 1956) will be employed to decompose Australia’s economic growth into three components. The first is due to the growth of capital input, the second is due to the growth of labour input, and the third is due to technological progress as captured by an increase in both the productivity of capital and labour, which is also known in the growth literature as total factor productivity (TFP). The Solow-Swan model not only provides a razor-edge measurement method for technological progress but of more importance, the model demonstrates that technological progress (as captured by TFP) is the engine of long-run sustainable growth (Solow 1956; Swan 1956). A positive TFP value suggests that growth is sustainable and vice versa.
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Banerjee, Shuvojit. "Structural changes in East Asia : factor accumulation, technological progress and economic geography." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2005. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1807/.
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This thesis deals with understanding the rapid industrial change in East Asia between the mid 1970s and the mid 1990s. The countries analysed are South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and China. Patterns of industrial development are studied across the region in depth. We calculate industrial and regional specialisation indices to obtain an idea of the trends being witnessed. A more formal analysis of the mobility which can be observed is then conducted. Measures of mobility and persistence are obtained for the movement of industries in the region. The nature of industrial growth and decline in the region points to the possible importance of a number of theoretical explanations. We subsequently analyse whether the patterns of change in industry seen indicate similarity in paths of development across countries. We investigate the industrial structure of pairs of countries in the region over time. We find that there is similarity in the development paths of industry in East Asian countries, with factor endowment considerations not the sole explanators. We next examine possible theoretical explanations of the industrial change seen. We test for Heckscher-Ohlin and Ricardian effects in a neo-classical frame-work. We find discernible patterns and significance in terms of factor endowment effects. Technology is seen to be less important but still plays a considerable part in explaining manufacturing change. A further theoretical explanation considered is that of economic geography. We analyse various statistics for industrial change related to economic geography. We also test a specification comparing factor endowments and economic geography. The contribution of economic geography to change in the region is measured and seen to be discernible but small and declining in importance when compared to comparative advantage forces.
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Amaya, Mario A. "A functional approach for studying technological progress : extension to wireless telecommunications technology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44702.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 26-29).
This thesis attempts to study the technological progress of wireless technology and the wireless industry throughout history, using high-level, non-device specific performance metrics. Such metrics are developed by following the broad functional category approach. The analysis performed is both qualitative and quantitative. Firstly, the quantitative study provides a general perspective of how the technology has evolved through history, looking for signs of constant evolution and/or signs of technological saturation or acceleration. Following this, the qualitative section aims to provide the basis of a strategic framework that could be of importance to organizations in the industry, in particular to those interested in making the right decisions regarding technology selection, new spectrum licensing, and new services pricing, by using a cost-benefit approach. It was found that, in concordance with the two previous analyses performed on the information and energy technology domains, a continuous progress in the metrics identified is observed in the three Functional Performance Metrics (FPM) determined for this study. Still, some weak signs of eventual saturation were observed in one of the metrics identified in the study for the first time in this kind of study. A rate of yearly progress of 15% was obtained from the spectral efficiency Functional Performance Metric (FPM), while significantly higher rates, close to 50%, were obtained for both the throughput and coverage density FPMs. The time series comprises over 100 years of data, from the late 1800's / early 1900's until the present.
by Mario A. Amaya.
S.M.
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Zyontz, Samantha. "Technological breakthroughs, entry, and the direction of scientific progress : evidence from CRISPR/Cas9." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105073.
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Thesis: S.M. in Management Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 56-59).
Understanding the direction of technical progress is a central issue for the study of innovation. In this paper, I examine how the introduction of a breakthrough research tool affects the trajectory of a scientific field through new entry and project selection. Specifically, I examine the impact of the genome editing system CRISPR/Cas9 (CRISPR), called the "biggest game changer to hit biology since PCR" (Ledford 2015). Introduced in 2012, CRISPR/Cas9 enables precise DNA editing and carries the potential to develop everything from blight resistant crops to targeted genetic drug therapies. Although biologically CRISPR/Cas9 provides more benefits to researchers working on mammalian organisms than to researchers working on bacterial organisms. I hypothesize that its impact on the direction of genetic engineering research depends on its relative value across animal models. To investigate CRISPR/Cas9's impact, I use two novel datasets on genetic engineering research histories. The first comes from the biological resource center, Addgene, that identifies researcher experimentation with CRISPR/Cas9. The second uses publication histories for academics that eventually adopt CRISPR/Cas9. The Addgene data demonstrate that the introduction of CRISPR/Cas9 corresponded to an immediate increase in experiments with mammalian organisms relative to bacterial organisms. The publication data demonstrate that the shift towards mammalian genetic engineering research results neither (a) from an increase in the productivity of researchers who had previously worked on mammalian models nor (b) from incumbent bacterial authors switching their focus to mammalian research after the discovery. Instead, the data suggest that the shift towards mammalian genetic engineering research results from entry, i.e., from new authors attracted to the field. Given strong qualitative evidence that CRISPR/Cas9 increased mammalian researcher productivity, the lack of empirical support is surprising. Since CRISPR/Cas9 is recent, more data is needed before it is possible to see delayed effects. The paper lays the groundwork for subsequent research on the effect of new innovations on the rate and direction of scientific progress in this new and rapidly changing setting.
by Samantha Zyontz.
S.M. in Management Research
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XU, Donglan. "Productivity Growth, Technological Progress and Efficiency Change in Chinese Manufacturing Industry: A DEA Approach." 名古屋大学大学院経済学研究科, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/10503.
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NAKAMURA, Takeho. "Urban-Specific Technological Progress in a Harris-Todaro Model with an Oligopolistic Urban Sector." 名古屋大学大学院経済学研究科, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/13855.
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Wittner, David Gillman. "Iron and silk : progress and ideology in the technological transformation of Japan, 1850-1895 /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488196781732117.
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STEFANINI, GIULIO GIUSEPPE. "Myocardial revascularization with drug-eluting coronary artery stents: the clinical impact of technological progress." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/211062.
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Kartalov, M. "The flower-shaped starshade may be used to find earth-like planets." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/40411.
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The technological progress is changing people minds. We
have changed the manner of thinking while science is developing.
The exploring of different planetary bodies like the Earth-like planets
will be our next step in the nearest future.
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Cihan, Cengiz. "An Empirical Analysis of Knowledge Production Function: What Differs Among The OECD Countries Including Turkey." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1757.
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Since the 1950s, economic growth has been one of the main topics of economic discipline. In this context, the sources of economic growth have been analysed by different economic theories. These theories can be decomposed into two groups, namely modern neoclassical theory and evolutionary economic theory. In the modern neoclassical economic theory, the technological progress is considered as the main determinant of the long-run economic growth. In this regard, the sources of economic growth differences among countries are analyzed by using various types of models. In the earliest studies, it is assumed that technological progress is exogenous (Solow-Swan model). Constant returns to scale and perfectly competitive market structure assumptions are the main characteristics of these studies. After the developments in the economic theory, technological progress has been taken into account in a different way by a new line of models, namely endogenous growth models. More specifically, technological progress is endogenously determined process in these models. Contrary to the previous models, increasing returns to scale, which stem from externality and the monopolistic market structure, play a significant role in endogenous growth models. We have reached to the conclusion that, although it suffers from some weaknesses, endogenous growth model proposes a more realistic explanation for the economic growth process. In the evolutionary economic theory, technological progress is also considered as the main determinant of economic growth. However, this theory deals with empirical issues by focusing on observed facts instead of constructing theoretical models, and provides both guidance and interpretation regarding technological progress. In this theory, variables and relationships that are considered have many practical implications. In that respect, its structure is very much realistic and it avoids certain logical gaps and inconsistencies. One of the aims of this thesis is to examine developments in economic theory by focusing on technological progress. For this purpose, we compare formal and evolutionary theories. Our theoretical review reveals that both the endogenous growth models in the tradition of modern neoclassical theory, and the important insights of the evolutionary economic theory help to analyze technological progress and/or economic growth. Furthermore, this thesis aims to measure technological progress. The measurement of technological progress is vital for the nations’ development strategies and the firms’ innovation policies. In this regard, we use patent statistics as a proxy of technological progress. The empirical parts of the thesis involve a number of applications of endogenous growth theory by taking into account the propositions of modern neoclassical economic theory. In this regard, the growth rate differences across countries are examined by using the frameworks of both the modern neoclassical and evolutionary theories. The results show that both theories have reasonable power to explain why growth rate differs across countries. In addition, we conclude that patenting activities rather than R&D activities more suitably represent innovative activities. Moreover, this thesis empirically tests the knowledge generation process in the framework of endogenous growth approach. We employ the knowledge production approach for this purpose. It is found that both domestic and international stocks of knowledge as measured by granted patent statistics, R&D activities, human capital and openness measures are significant factors in explaining productivity growth. Furthermore, product variety and quality improvement dimensions of technological progress are empirically analyzed by using patent statistics. It is found that both dimensions of technological progress significantly affect creation of new technologies. Finally, the findings indicate that technological capability of Turkey is far away from other developed countries covered by this study.
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Lopes, Francisco Luís. "Factores de produtividade em Portugal." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1729.
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Mestrado em Ciências EconómicasEste trabalho de investigação teve como objectivo principal, o estudo de alguns factores que determinam a produtividade. Foram considerados os seguintes factores: Recursos humanos, progresso tecnológico inovação e qualidade/segurança no trabalho, sobre os quais se conclui que há áreas cientificas e tecnológicas mais estratégicas, que outras, nas quais Portugal com o apoio de políticas públicas adequadas, pode proporcionar aumentos na produtividade económica. Apesar do sector privado ser o actor mais relevante no que se refere, ao financiamento da I&D e do progresso tecnológico, no entanto o governo português deve constituir modelos de prioridades estratégicas, para o crescimento da economia. A implementação de um modelo de prioridades estratégicas no âmbito da política económica e orçamental em CTI pode contribuir para a confiança dos investidores, aumentando a competitividade e o crescimento económico.
The primary aim of this research is to study certain factors that determine productivity. The following factors have been taken into consideration: Human Resources, technological progress, innovation and quality/safety in the workplace, which apparently seem to have scientific and technological areas that are more relevant than others. It is within these areas that Portugal may increase its economic productivity together with the support of adequate public policies. Although the private sector plays the most important role in financing R&D and technological progress, the Portuguese Government must conceive strategic priority models for the growth of the economy. The establishment of a strategic priority model applied to CTI economical and budget making policies may contribute towards a rise in the trust levels of investors, thereby increasing competitiveness and economic growth.
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Sharif, Taimur R. M. "Technological progress in a developing country through 'special technology infrastructures': a case study of Bangladesh." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.570874.
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The notion of catching up has its antecedents in historical studies on the industrial transformation of countries such as the Germany, the US and Japan. More recent studies have focussed on the NICs of Asia and Latin America. In a similar fashion, this study deals with issues of technological mastery by the developing countries (DCs) while ‘catching-up’ towards narrowing the ‘technology gap’ with the leaders. In doing so, the study asks specific questions about the nature and operational features of some purpose-built schemes such as ‘export processing zones’ (EPZs) and similar models aiming to promote technology transfers (TT) for the DCs via foreign investments, and focuses on the differential elements that made East Asian schemes distinct from the DC-models. In the context of the extensive literature survey dealing with similar models operating in the developed economies (DEs) known as ‘Technology Parks’ (TPs), the study observed conceptual and linguistic ambiguities between EPZs and TPs. One of the aims of this study was therefore to develop an unambiguous conceptual framework of ‘special technology infrastructure’ (STI) – a term introduced and used in this study to clarify and locate zones and schemes such as TPs, EPZs, IPs (Industrial Parks), SEZs (Special Economic Zones), etc. in the form of a STI-hierarchy. This research found that, although originated from IPs, TPs are clearly different from the EPZs in terms of their research orientation whereas EPZs show business-orientation at the time of their inceptions. The study found that in order to follow the East Asian pattern, a DC-EPZ needs to ensure its standard of operation similar as ‘business incubator’ while transitioning its orientation from business towards research. The empirical study concluded that a DC like Bangladesh has the potential to uplift the status of their EPZs to function like a TP due to the resemblance of EPZs’ standard of services to the ones provided by business incubator’ – seemingly a gateway to TPs. The chances of narrowing the technology gap was assessed to be higher due to: (a) the observed similarity of operations between firms in the EPZ and those in the domestic tariff area (DTA); and (b) the increasing share of capital intensive industries such as heavy engineering, automotives, etc. Drawing particular attention to the significance of the concept of ‘dated labor’ (workers with the latest know-whys) as postulated by ‘vintage growth models’, the study recommended that, in order to facilitate catching up, the country needs to uplift the national technological capability (TC) up to the level that would match the global standard and would: (a) enable workers to handle the latest technologies and machines; and (b) induce MNCs to not only carry on with their marketing research activities but also outsource innovation and design-related R&D activities in the EPZ-hosting countries. The study proposed further research on: (i) vintage models to revive and incorporate the concept of ‘dated labor’ in empirical studies focused on ‘catching up’ and ‘technology gap’ issues; and (ii) to improve our knowledge of the causal factors of technical progress as well as to overcome difficulties and weaknesses with their estimation procedures.
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Garvey, Brian Thomas. "Literature of utopia and dystopia : technological influences shaping the form and content of utopian visions." Doctoral thesis, University of Bradford, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4225.
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We live in an age of rapid change. The advance of science and
technology, throughout history, has culminated in periods of transition
when social values have had to adapt to a changed environment. Such
times have proved fertile ground for the expansion of the imagination.
Utopian literature offers a vast archive of information concerning the
relationship between scientific and technological progress and social
change.
Alterations in the most basic machinery of society inspired utopian
authors to write of distant and future worlds which had achieved a state
of harmony and plenty. The dilemmas which writers faced were particular
to their era, but there also emerged certain universal themes and
questions: What is the best organisation of society? What tools would
be adequate to the task? What does it mean to be human?
The dividing line on these issues revolves around two opposed
beliefs. Some perceived the power inherent in technology to effect the
greatest improvement in the human condition. Others were convinced that
the organisation of the social order must come first so as to create an
environment sympathetic to perceived human needs. There are,
necessarily, contradictions in such a division. They can be seen plainly
in More's Utopia itself. More wanted to see new science and technique
developed. But he also condemned the social consequences which
inevitably flowed from the process of discovery. These consequences led
More to create a utopia based on social reorganisation. In the main,
the utopias of Francis Bacon, Edward Bellamy and the later H. G. Wells
accepted science, while the work of William Morris, Aldous Huxley and
Kurt Vonnegut rejected science in preference for a different social order.
More's Utopia and Bacon's New Atlantis were written at a time when
feudal, agriciTfural society wasbeeing transformed by new discoveries
and techniques. In a later age, Bellamy's Looking Backward and Morris's
News From Nowhere offer contrary responses to society at the height of
the Industrial evolution. These four authors serve as a prelude to the
main area of the thesis which centres on the twentieth century. Wells,
though his first novel appeared in 1895, produced the vast bulk of his
work in the current century. Huxley acts as an appropriate balance to
Wells and also exemplifies the shift from utopia to dystopia. The last
section of the thesis deals with the work of Kurt Vonnegut and includes
an interview with that author.
The twentieth century has seen the proliferation of dystopias,
portraits of the disastrous consequences of the headlong pursuit of
science and technology, unallied to human values. Huxley and Vonnegut
crystallised the fears of a modern generation: that we create a
soulless, mechanised, urban nightmare. The contemporary fascination
with science in literature is merely an extension of a process with a
long tradition and underlying theme. The advance of science and
technology created the physical and intellectual environment for utopian
authors which determined the form and content of their visions.
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Marques, Guilherme de Oliveira 1984. "Janelas de oportunidade para Catching Up tecnológico = perspectiva e desafios a empresas brasileiras frente ao advento das novas rotas biotecnológicas de desenvolvimento e fabricação de produtos químicos industriais." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286783.
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Orientador: João Eduardo de Morais Pinto FurtadoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Gocências
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Resumo: O advento da chamada bioeconomia está vinculado a um crescente interesse por processos e produtos ambientalmente mais amigáveis, que sejam capazes de suficientemente preservar as condições de vida em nosso planeta. Este advento implica na necessidade de uma redução quantitativa na utilização dos atuais insumos produtivos e uma alteração qualitativa nesta matriz de insumos. Pela sua grande dotação de insumos produtivos renováveis e pela experiência no uso industrial dos mesmos, o Brasil pode ocupar papel central neste contexto. Na indústria química, é exemplo deste advento a emergência das chamadas novas rotas biotecnológicas, pautadas no uso de recursos renováveis, em especial de biomassa, em contraposição ao modelo pautado no uso de recursos fósseis que, relativamente ao potencial desse método alternativo, é altamente poluente. O modelo capitaneado pelo uso de biotecnologias é representado pelas biorrefinarias, conceito paralelo ao de refinarias tradicionais que operam a base de recursos fósseis. Neste trabalho, é utilizado o termo biotecnologia branca para designar a aplicação deste tipo de tecnologia a produtos químicos, materiais e combustíveis. O advento da biotecnologia, nos termos colocados, por se constituir em um evento de ruptura com relação ao atual modelo produtivo, pode se constituir em uma oportunidade para que firmas que possuam relativamente um menor comprometimento com o modelo tradicional venham a assumir uma posição inovativa e de mercado de maior proeminência. No entanto, a existência de oportunidades desta natureza deve ser vista com ressalvas, já que alguns ativos e competências constituídos no modelo anterior continuam possuem grande valor para realização de atividades inovativas e de produção em biotecnologia branca. Este trabalho buscou analisar, em grande medida apoiado em indicadores derivados de patentes, o posicionamento estratégico de firmas brasileiras - Braskem e Petrobras - para aproveitamento destas oportunidades, frente ao de grandes concorrentes internacionais. A renovação do portfólio de competências e ativos, em consonância com o conceito de estratégias de exploration, é um dos principais meios pelos quais os líderes incumbentes podem consolidar suas posições, mesmo em face de um evento de ruptura que solape algumas de suas vantagens competitivas. Como conclusão, a análise dos indicadores construídos revelou que as firmas brasileiras encontram-se mal posicionadas para aproveitamento das oportunidades derivadas do avento da biotecnologia branca, apesar de que a simples existência de patentes desta natureza de propriedade destas firmas revela a construção, mesmo que incipiente, de capacidades dinâmicas. As firmas brasileiras ocupam uma posição marginal na hierarquia inovativa relacionada a estas tecnologias, de modo que, apesar da existência da janela de oportunidades, o baixo acúmulo de ativos e competências impossibilita que estas firmas a aproveitem de forma mais robusta
Abstract: The advent of so-called bio-economy is linked to a growing interest in processes and products more environmentally friendly, which are able to sufficiently preserve the conditions of life on our planet. This advent implies the need of a quantitative reduction and a qualitative change in the use of production inputs. For its large endowment of renewable productive inputs and its experience in industrial use of them, Brazil may occupy a central role in this context. In the chemical industry, it is example of this advent the emergency of the new biotechnological routes, which are governed by the use of renewable resources, especially biomass, that is less polluting of the model based on the use of fossil resources. The model captained by the use of biotechnology is represented by biorefineries, that is a parallel concept of the traditional refineries that operating based on fossil resources. In this paper, we use the term white biotechnology to describe the application of this technology to chemicals products, materials and fuels. The advent of biotechnology, as it constitutes an event of breaking up with the current production model, can serve as an opportunity for firms that have relatively less commitment to the traditional model to assume an innovative and market position of greater prominence. However, the existence of such opportunities must be look with caution, since some assets and competencies established in the previous model still have great value for development of innovative activity and production in white biotechnology. This study sought to analyze, largely supported by indicators derived from patents, the strategic positioning of firms in Brazil - Braskem and Petrobras - to take advantage of these opportunities, compared to large international competitors. The renewal of the portfolio of skills and assets, in line with the concept of exploration strategies, is a major means by which incumbent leaders can consolidate their positions, even in the face of a rupture event that will possible undermine some of its competitive advantages. In conclusion, the analysis of indicators constructed revealed that Brazilian firms are poorly placed to take advantage of opportunities created by white biotechnology advent, despite the mere existence of such patent ownership by these firms reveals the building, even if incipient, of dynamic capabilities. Brazilian firms occupy a marginal position in the innovative hierarchy with respect to these technologies when measured by the strength of their patent portfolio, so that, despite the existence of a window of opportunity, they seem to be poorly prepared for their catch
Mestrado
Mestre em Política Científica e Tecnológica
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Pihnastyi, O. M., and V. D. Khodusov. "Stochastic equation of the technological process." Thesis, Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/39059.
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This document presents the construction of a stochastic equation for the process of manufacturing products on a production line. We base our research on the synchronized production line. The minimum size of the inter-operational storage is determined, at which the continuous production is possible. The stochastic equation of the production process is written in canonical form. The definition of the diffusion coefficient for the time of processing of subjects of labour.
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Čupka, Martin. "Technologický pokrok a jeho dopady na hudobný priemysel." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193295.
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This thesis deals with positive and negative effects of technological progress on the music industry. The first part presents important changes during the evolution of the music industry to its current status. Other chapters are trying to analyze current trends and their specific features in the field of production, distribution and promotion of music in the world and the Czech Republic. Special chapter is devoted to new forms of financing music project. The work also deals with the analysis of the current music consumption habits of music consumers in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The last chapter deals with the approach of Czech and Slovak musicians to new possibilities in production, distribution, promotion and fundraising for the functioning of their musical projects. Key words:
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Bradley, Wendy. "Three essays on patent pools and technical standards." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLH009.
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Cette thèse s’intéresse à l'impact des « patent pools » sur l’innovation cumulative. Nous analysons huit patents pools modernes développés dans les secteurs des technologies de l’information et de la communication. Un patent pool est un regroupement de propriétaires de brevets qui permet la négociation d’une seule licence pour plusieurs brevets essentiels à l’implémentation des normes techniques. Les patent pools font l’objet de nombreux travaux théoriques et empiriques. Ces travaux notent le risque collusif et monopolistique existant au sein de ces institutions. Cependant, la majorité des travaux se concentre principalement sur les facteurs qui motivent une entreprise à se joindre à un patent pool et non pas l’évolution des normes techniques au fil du tempsThis thesis investigates the impact of patent pools for technical standards on the direction of cumulative innovation. It examines eight modern patents pools in the information and communication technology sector and measures the effect of pool formation and pool extension on rates of follow-on innovation in the direction of pool technology. Patent pools are the subject of much theoretical and empirical work. The aim of this thesis is to fill a gap in current literature that focuses on the motivations of firms to join a patent pool. This thesis contributes to the literature by extending analyses to the introduction of patents to patent pools over time. It consists of three empirical studies. Patent pools as institutions possess mechanisms that encourage and discourage innovation. The formation of a patent pool and its extension as a result of the addition of patents to the patent pool after its launch may alter the incentives to innovate of outsider firms. This, in turn, may have important impacts on competition and society. Finally, this thesis also analyzes the evolution of an industry that is particularly linked to technology in patents pools—the film industry. Digitization has transformed movie distribution and technological disruption has altered the supply and demand dimensions of this market. The main findings of these three studies are presented at the beginning of each chapter
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Cihan, Cengiz. "An Empirical Analysis of Knowledge Production Function: What Differs Among The OECD Countries Including Turkey." University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1757.
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Doctor of PhilosophySince the 1950s, economic growth has been one of the main topics of economic discipline. In this context, the sources of economic growth have been analysed by different economic theories. These theories can be decomposed into two groups, namely modern neoclassical theory and evolutionary economic theory. In the modern neoclassical economic theory, the technological progress is considered as the main determinant of the long-run economic growth. In this regard, the sources of economic growth differences among countries are analyzed by using various types of models. In the earliest studies, it is assumed that technological progress is exogenous (Solow-Swan model). Constant returns to scale and perfectly competitive market structure assumptions are the main characteristics of these studies. After the developments in the economic theory, technological progress has been taken into account in a different way by a new line of models, namely endogenous growth models. More specifically, technological progress is endogenously determined process in these models. Contrary to the previous models, increasing returns to scale, which stem from externality and the monopolistic market structure, play a significant role in endogenous growth models. We have reached to the conclusion that, although it suffers from some weaknesses, endogenous growth model proposes a more realistic explanation for the economic growth process. In the evolutionary economic theory, technological progress is also considered as the main determinant of economic growth. However, this theory deals with empirical issues by focusing on observed facts instead of constructing theoretical models, and provides both guidance and interpretation regarding technological progress. In this theory, variables and relationships that are considered have many practical implications. In that respect, its structure is very much realistic and it avoids certain logical gaps and inconsistencies. One of the aims of this thesis is to examine developments in economic theory by focusing on technological progress. For this purpose, we compare formal and evolutionary theories. Our theoretical review reveals that both the endogenous growth models in the tradition of modern neoclassical theory, and the important insights of the evolutionary economic theory help to analyze technological progress and/or economic growth. Furthermore, this thesis aims to measure technological progress. The measurement of technological progress is vital for the nations’ development strategies and the firms’ innovation policies. In this regard, we use patent statistics as a proxy of technological progress. The empirical parts of the thesis involve a number of applications of endogenous growth theory by taking into account the propositions of modern neoclassical economic theory. In this regard, the growth rate differences across countries are examined by using the frameworks of both the modern neoclassical and evolutionary theories. The results show that both theories have reasonable power to explain why growth rate differs across countries. In addition, we conclude that patenting activities rather than R&D activities more suitably represent innovative activities. Moreover, this thesis empirically tests the knowledge generation process in the framework of endogenous growth approach. We employ the knowledge production approach for this purpose. It is found that both domestic and international stocks of knowledge as measured by granted patent statistics, R&D activities, human capital and openness measures are significant factors in explaining productivity growth. Furthermore, product variety and quality improvement dimensions of technological progress are empirically analyzed by using patent statistics. It is found that both dimensions of technological progress significantly affect creation of new technologies. Finally, the findings indicate that technological capability of Turkey is far away from other developed countries covered by this study.
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Nilsson, David. "Pipes, Progress, and Poverty : Social and Technological Change in Urban Water Provision in Kenya and Uganda 1895-2010." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Teknik- och vetenskapshistoria (bytt namn 20120201), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-34076.
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Wellenius, Kevin (Paul Kevin). "Technological progress and environmental regulation as drivers of productivity growth : evidence from the U.S. coal industry, 1972-1994." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40247.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; and Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Technology and Policy Program, 1996.Includes bibliographical references.
by Kevin Wellenius.
M.S.
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Rodigues, Domingos de Gouveia. "Pricing policy, income distribution, economic growth, productivity, technological progress and global competitiveness in the dynamics of the capitalist economies." Thesis, University of York, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357120.
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Jin, Yosuke. "Interest rate, asset valuation and wealth in a general-equilibrium setting, based on the structuralist theory : technological progress and obsolescence." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0046.
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La théorie structuraliste développée par Phelps est une des approches d'équilibre intertemporel et elle met en lumière le rôle essentiel de la valorisation d'actifs. Le modèle structuraliste d'équilibre général suppose que les firmes investissent jusqu'à ce que le coût d'ajustement marginal soit égal au prix d'actifs qui est le flot actualisé de profits futurs à partir d'un nouvel investissement, et que des variables financières comme la valorisation d'actifs peuvent affecter effectivement les décisions sur l'output et la demande de travail à travers un mécanisme de transmission spécifique. Je suppose que des chocs à la valorisation d'actifs trouveraient leur source dans le processus d'innovation qui est essentiellement un phénomène de déséquilibre, qui résulte dans la rupture de la structure temporelle de production (i. E. La balance entre l'investissement et l'output final). Dans ce cas, le prix d'actifs doit être formé dans une circonstance caractérisée par des incertitudes sur des profits futurs et sur des niveaux de productivité assujettis à l'état futur de la technologie. Je confirme, en suivant les méthodologies dans les analyses empiriques structuralistes précédentes, que la valorisation d'actifs explique significativement la décision des firmes. Je démontre également que des chocs à la formation du prix d'actifs sont effectivement causés par le type de progrès technique incorporé en capital, et que l'obsolescence qui est la nature inhérente à ce type de progrès technique pèse finalement sur la formation du prix d'actifs dans un futur procheThe structuralist theory developed by Phelps is one of the intertemporal equilibrium approaches and it brings into light the essential role of asset valuation. The structuralist general equilibrium model assumes that firms invest until the marginal adjustment cost equals the asset price which is the discounted stream of future profits, and that financial variables such as asset valuation can affect effectively decisions on output and labor demand through a specific transmission mechanism. I assume that shocks to asset valuation find their source in innovation process which is essentially a disequilibrium phenomenon, which results in a breaking up in the temporal production structure (i. E. The balance between investment and final output). In this case, the asset price has to be formed in such a circumstance characterized by uncertainty on future profits and on the productivity level subject to the future state of technology. I show, following the methodologies in the previous structuralist empirical analyses, that asset pricing explains significantly firms’ investment decision. I also show that shocks in asset pricing are effectively caused by the type of technological progress embodied in capital, and that obsolescence, which is the inherent nature of this type of technological progress, eventually weighs on asset pricing over the near-term future
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Righi, Herica Morais. "O panorama da interação entre universidades e a industria no Basil." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287698.
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Orientador: Wilson SuziganDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: Esta dissertação apresenta um panorama do padrão de interação universidade-indústria no Brasil a partir de dados do Diretório do CNPq, que representam a visão da universidade sobre o tema, e de dados da Pesquisa de Inovação Tecnológica do IBGE (Pintec), que mostram a percepção da indústria acerca da importância dos projetos cooperativos para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos e de novos processos. O objetivo deste estudo é entender quais os setores que mais utilizam as universidades na promoção de inovações e quais as áreas do conhecimento que contribuem de forma direta e ativa com a atividade inovativa industrial no Brasil. Além dos dados destacados acima, este trabalho também discute a importância da aproximação entre a esfera científica e a tecnológica para garantir um processo de desenvolvimento consistente e sustentado. E, considerando que a formação das instituições é um fator relevante e determinante para a constituição desse relacionamento, também será apresentado o histórico do cenário científico e industrial e assim mostrar que a fraca interação observada no país é em grande medida influenciada pela maneira como esses atores foram constituídos e consolidados. A partir de informações coletadas no Diretório dos Grupos de Pesquisa do CNPq, foi possível elaborar uma matriz com a quantidade de grupos de pesquisa e empresas que se relacionam a partir das disciplinas acadêmicas e dos setores. Foram localizadas nessa matriz apenas 15 "manchas de interação", isto é, 15 pontos em que o diálogo e o feedback entre universidade e indústria é relevante. Poucos são os pontos em que se observa o relacionamento universidade-indústria e raros os que ocorrem com maior intensidade. Dentre as "manchas" encontradas nesta dissertação foi descrita a ligação com o processo histórico de quatro casos. A partir desses casos descritos brevemente, é possível afirmar que as "manchas de interação" têm raízes no desenvolvimento pautado em incentivos cooperativos, políticas de desenvolvimento e consolidação setoriais, na presença de uma indústria nacional instigada a competir e exportar, na formação de setores intensivos em conhecimento e demandantes de tecnologia, no estímulo à produção científica via formação de novos pesquisadores, no financiamento à ciência e interesse da comunidade científica em contribuir com o plano de capacitação tecnológica desses setores. Por mais que o panorama apresentado reflita uma fragilidade no diálogo entre universidade e indústria, e que essa fraqueza influencie o processo inovativo, o cenário brasileiro ainda pode ser avaliado como otimista. Se for considerado o início recente da conscientização quanto à importância do processo inovativo como fonte de competitividade e desenvolvimento (década de 1990), o Brasil pode ser considerado um país em que o processo de busca pela produção de tecnologia está no início e apresenta uma evolução positiva
Abstract: This dissertation presents the university-industry linkage panorama in Brazil, by CNPq's Directory data, that represents a university's overview, and Pintec's data, that shows industry's opinion of the importance of cooperative projects to develop new process and products. The focus of this study is to understand which sectors use more universities to develop innovations and which science fields contribute directly with innovative active in Brazil. This work also discusses the relationship between science and technology importance to assurance a development process coherent and sustainable. Considering that institutions' construction are significant elements and determines the building of this relationship, it also presents an historical overview of scientific and industrial building and then shows that weak university-industry linkages detected is influenced by how those actors were built up and consolidated. Using information collected on CNPq's Directory it could be elaborated a matrix that show the number of research groups and firms that interact dividing by science fields and industrial sectors. To Brazil were founded 15 "spots of interactions" where it is relevant the dialogue and feedback between universities and industry. There are few points where there is university-industry relationship and rare of them are intense. Among the "spots" founded in this dissertation it was described briefly four cases and their linkage to their histories' constitution. From these cases described in a few words, it can be said that the "spots of interaction" have roots in the development based on incentives for cooperation, development and sectorial consolidation policy, existence of a domestic industry instigated to compete and export, constitution of knowledge-based and technological sectors, support to scientific production by stimulating the formation of new researchers, funding for science and scientific community concern to contribute to technological capabilities of those industries. Even though the picture presented reflects a weakness in the university-industry linkages, and this weakness influences innovative process, the Brazilian scenario can still be estimated as optimistic. If considered the beginning of the recent concern about the importance of innovative process as a source of competitiveness and development (the 1990s), Brazil can be considered a country where the owned technology production is in its beginning and provides a positive progress
Mestrado
Mestre em Política Científica e Tecnológica
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Murakami, Thays Gonçalves de Lima 1985. "As redes de valor do conhecimento com geradoras e difusoras do progresso técnico para as atividades agropecuárias = o caso da avicultura brasileira." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286816.
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Orientador: João Eduardo de Morais Pinto FurtadoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências
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Resumo: Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar a estrutura da produção de conhecimentos que são incorporados à avicultura de corte e de postura brasileira, dando ênfase à atuação das universidades e institutos de pesquisa nacionais (ICTs). A escolha da avicultura como objeto de análise se deve ao fato do Brasil apresentar grande competitividade nesta atividade, posicionando-se, no caso do segmento de corte, como o terceiro maior produtor e o maior exportador mundial de carne de frango. A motivação para a realização desta pesquisa está na importância que a geração de novos insumos, técnicas e conhecimentos tem exercido sobre a avicultura no que tange ao incremento de produtividade, à redução de custos e à melhoria da qualidade dos produtos. Conhecimentos e inovações provenientes de esforços isolados e combinados não somente das empresas dos elos industriais insumidores de genética, nutrição e medicamentos, mas também de universidades e institutos de pesquisa, todos inseridos no que se denominou de 'redes de valor do conhecimento'. Partindo-se do reconhecimento da grande contribuição que estes grupos de atores concedem à avicultura, foi realizado o mapeamento das empresas e organizações relacionadas a esta atividade que atuam no Brasil através do uso da fonte estatística da RAIS e de fontes especializadas em avicultura. As universidades e os institutos de pesquisa, em particular, exercem um papel crucial dentro destas redes, formando capital humano qualificado, produzindo pesquisas científicas e tecnológicas de referência, prestando serviços técnicos e laboratoriais e até mesmo dando apoio técnico à produção de novos produtos e processos desenvolvidos pelas empresas insumidoras e que serão posteriormente introduzidos no mercado. Com vistas a atender aos propósitos desta pesquisa - de investigar a estrutura da produção de conhecimentos com enfoque na atuação das ICTs - foram analisados os artigos científicos relacionados à avicultura publicados na base Scopus entre 1970 e 2009. Com o auxílio de um programa computacional chamado Pajek foram construídas as redes de co-autoria. Através da análise destas redes foram identificadas as ICTs mais importantes em termos de geração de conhecimentos à avicultura brasileira e as que mais interagem com fontes externas, inclusive com o setor industrial
Abstract: This research purposes to investigate the knowledge production structure that is embodied in the Brazilian aviculture (broiler and layer), giving emphasis on the performance of national universities and research institutes (STIs). The investigation of the aviculture is related to the large Brazilian competitiveness in this activity. In the case of broiler sector, Brazil displays the third position in broiler meat production and the first position in exportation. What motivates this research is the importance that the generation of new inputs, practices and knowledge has carried out into the aviculture, increasing productivity, minimizing costs and improving products quality. Knowledge and innovations deriving from isolated and combined efforts not merely from genetic, nutrition and drug industries, but also from universities and research institutes, all of them immersed in what we called 'knowledge value networks'. Recognizing the great contribution that this groups of actors has granted to aviculture we mapped the companies and the organizations related to this activity in Brazil through the use of the Brazilian statistical source called RAIS and specialized poultry sources. Universities and research institutes, in particular, exert a crucial role inside these networks, forming qualified human capital, bearing remarkable scientific and technological researches, rendering technical and laboratorial services and even giving technical support to the production of new products and processes developed by supplier companies that, subsequently, will be introduced in the market. For the purpose of this research - to investigate the knowledge production structure focusing on the performance of the STIs - we analyzed aviculture related scientific papers published in Scopus database between 1970 and 2009. With the support of computational software called Pajek we generated co-authorship networks. Through the investigation of these networks we identified the most important STIs in terms of knowledge generation to the Brazilian aviculture and the STIs that presented a larger number of interactions with external sources, including the industrial sector
Mestrado
Mestre em Política Científica e Tecnológica
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Hilten, Onno van. "Optimal firm behaviour in the context of technological progress and a business cycle an exploration of the interplay of economics and mathematics /." Proefschrift, [Maastricht : Maastricht : Rijksuniversiteit Limburg] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1990. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5570.
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Esters, Jason. "Benevolent Design and the Beloved Community: Legacies of Technological Discourse, Progress, Sanctuary, and Support in and around Historically Black Colleges and Universities." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/523640.
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EnglishPh.D.
This dissertation is an interdisciplinary rhetorical project that explores the discourse of race and technology in the African-American experience, particularly at HBCUs. It examines HBCUs as a site that historically and actively embodies the African-American rhetorical tradition, resists American racial animus, and works as a conduit and a corrective for the discourse of race and technology in America. The first argument this dissertation makes is that there has been an ongoing discursive tradition of technology within the institutional framework of HBCUs that long prefigures “the digital divide” debate. These conversations not only envision how best technology can be used, but also how HBCU leaders envisioned an approach to technology in order to accomplish community goals. The second argument that this dissertation attempts to make is that this persistent discourse within HBCUs is embedded with an ethos of community well-being and support. I am referring to this notion of support as a “techno-ethos”: something hardwired into the DNA of HBCUs since its inception, and, when ignored, can have disastrous, embarrassing, or counterproductive results. Finally, this dissertation is designed to acknowledge the value of applying theories of technological discourse to the study of HBCUs and to offer avenues of practical application for the successful use of a techno-ethos of support for HBCUs on a programmatic and institutional level.
Temple University--Theses
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Зайцев, Олександр Васильович, Александр Васильевич Зайцев, and Oleksandr Vasylovych Zaitsev. "Оцінка формаційно-економічного розвитку на межі тисячоліть." Thesis, Наука и образование, 2007. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/63023.
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У даній статті описується загальна характеристика результатів науково-технічного прогресу для людства у ХХ сторіччі та ставится питання про формаційно-соціальну ефективність та справедливість використання його досягнень.В этой статье описываются общие характеристики результатов научно-технического прогресса для человечества в XX веке и вопросы о формационно-социальной эффективности и справедливом использовании его достижений.
This article describes the general characteristics of the results of scientific and technological progress for humanity in the twentieth century and discusses the formation of social effectiveness and the fair use of its achievements.
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Pereira, Alexandre Giacomoni Viana. "Consolidação bancária e a performance dos bancos pequenos no Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/11483.
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A indústria bancária brasileira foi transformada nas últimas décadas em meio a um fenômeno conhecido como consolidação, que marca uma concentração do mercado em poucas instituições. O objetivo do trabalho é testar empiricamente quais as causas desse processo no Brasil. As duas hipóteses testadas foram formuladas por Berger, Dick et al. (2007): a hipótese da eficiência indica que avanços tecnológicos melhoram a competitividade dos grandes em relação aos pequenos. Deste modo, os resultados dos pequenos são sacrificados por esse fator. Por outro lado, a hipótese da arrogância afirma que os administradores realizam fusões e aquisições pelos maiores bônus dos grandes conglomerados, mas as deseconomias de escala são superiores aos ganhos competitivos da tecnologia e, com o tempo, os pequenos passam a competir em vantagem. Modelos de dados em painel foram utilizados para testar se houve pressões competitivas durante o processo de consolidação. A conclusão foi de que a hipótese da eficiência explica melhor empiricamente o fenômeno brasileiro, assim como o norte-americano. A pressão para diminuição de receitas financeiras foi o fator determinante para que os bancos pequenos sofressem efeitos deletérios com o aumento do peso dos grandes na indústria.
A phenomenon known as consolidation transformed the Brazilian banking industry in the last decades and resulted in a concentration of the market in few institutions. The main objective of this dissertation is to test empirically the causes of this process. The two hypothesis were described by Berger, Dick et al. (2007). Under the efficiency hypothesis, technological progress improved the competitiveness of the large players, relative to the small, which had its profitability sacrificed. On the other hand, hubris hypothesis states that managers engaged in mergers and acquisitions as a way to earn personal advantages even though the large banks’ performances were affected by scale diseconomies. Panel data models were utilized to test if competitive pressure were important factors in the consolidation process. The conclusion was that the efficiency hypothesis was empirically dominant in the Brazilian market, as well as the findings in the United States. The pressure to reduce financial revenues was the main element that lead to the deleterious effects on the small banks as the large expanded its dominance in the industry.
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Cukrowski, Jacek, and Manfred M. Fischer. "Efficient Organization of Collective Data-Processing." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1998. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4148/1/WSG_DP_6498.pdf.
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The paper examines the application of the concept of economic efficiency to
organizational issues of collective information processing in decision making. Information
processing is modeled in the framework of the dynamic parallel-processing model of
associative computation with an endogenous set-up cost of the processors. The model is
extended to include the specific features of collective information processing in the team of
decision makers which could cause an error in data analysis. In such a model, the conditions
for efficient organization of information processing are defined and the architecture of the
efficient structures is considered. We show that specific features of collective decision
making procedures require a broader framework for judging organizational efficiency
than has traditionally been adopted. In particular, and contrary to the results presented in
economic literature, we show that in human data processing (unlike in computer systems),
there is no unique architecture for efficient information processing structures, but a number of
various efficient forms can be observed. The results indicate that technological progress
resulting in faster data processing (ceteris paribus) will lead to more regular information
processing structures. However, if the relative cost of the delay in data analysis increases
significantly, less regular structures could be efficient. (authors' abstract)Series: Discussion Papers of the Institute for Economic Geography and GIScience
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Kertesz, Vladimír. "Montovaná hala Dunajská Lužná. Stavebně technologické řešení." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225474.
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The thesis deals with realization of a new assembled hall in Dunajska Luzna. This hall has two floors and is based on ferroconctrete foot. Carrying contruction system consist of steel profiles. Siding frontage is designed with sandwich panels. The work deals also with technical and economical part of the building.
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Садовий, Віктор Олександрович, Виктор Александрович Садовый, Viktor Oleksandrovych Sadovyi, and О. Олійник. "Оцінка і оптимізація факторів економічного зростання України." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/15411.
Full text
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Rezagholi, Mahmoud. "The Effects of Technological Change on Productivity and Factor Demand in U.S. Apparel Industry 1958-1996 : An Econometric Analysis." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7659.
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In this dissertation I study substantially the effects of disembodied technical change on the total factor productivity and inputs demand in U.S. Apparel industry during 1958-1996. A time series input-output data set over the sector employs to estimate an error corrected model of a four-factor transcendental logarithmic cost function. The empirical results indicate technical impact on the total factor productivity at the rate of 9% on average. Technical progress has in addition a biased effect on factor augmenting in the sector.
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Kandi, Kamala M. "IMPACT OF VIRTUAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENT (VLE): A TECHNOLOGICAL APPROACH TO GENETICS TEACHING ON HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS' CONTENT KNOWLEDGE, SELF-EFFICACY AND CAREER GOAL ASPIRATIONS." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/224957.
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CITE/Mathematics and Science EducationEd.D.
This study examines the effect of a technology-based instructional tool `Geniverse' on the content knowledge gains, Science Self-Efficacy, Technology Self-Efficacy, and Career Goal Aspirations among 283 high school learners. The study was conducted in four urban high schools, two of which have achieved Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) and two have not. Students in both types of schools were taught genetics either through Geniverse, a virtual learning environment or Dragon genetics, a paper-pencil activity embedded in traditional instructional method. Results indicated that students in all schools increased their knowledge of genetics using either type of instructional approach. Students who were taught using Geniverse demonstrated an advantage for genetics knowledge although the effect was small. These increases were more pronounced in the schools that had been meeting the AYP goal. The other significant effect for Geniverse was that students in the technology-enhanced classrooms increased in science Self-Efficacy while students in the non-technology enhanced classrooms decreased. In addition, students from Non-AYP schools showed an improvement in Science and Technology Self-Efficacy; however the effects were small. The implications of these results for the future use of technology-enriched classrooms were discussed.
Temple University--Theses
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Яковенко, Р. В., and R. Yakovenko. "Практичне значення викладання курсу „Основи економічної теорії” студентам технічних спеціальностей." Thesis, Харків : Харківський національний автомобільно-дорожній університет, 2017. http://dspace.kntu.kr.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/6580.
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Визначено спільні риси економіки та фізики і геометрії, та необхідність засвоєння базових економічних знань сучасною людиною.
The common features of economics and physics and geometry, and the need to master the basic economic knowledge of modern man are determined.
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Fernandes, Bernardo Nobre. "Automation and labor displacement." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21154.
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Mestrado em EconomiaEsta dissertação analisa a forma como o progresso tecnológico influencia o mercado laboral. Foi criado um modelo teórico com base na "routine-biased technical change", assim como uma análise empírica que avalia a forma como o conteúdo rotineiro de tarefas numa dada ocupação é afetado pela adoção de tecnologia no trabalho. Adicionalmente também foi estimado o efeito da adoção tecnológica na polarização dos rendimentos.
This dissertation addresses the way technological progress affects the structure of labor market. A theoretical framework based on the routine-biased technical change hypothesis was constructed. The empirical analysis evaluates how the routine task content of occupations is impacted by the adoption of technology at work using a linear model with a fixed-effects estimator. Additionally, the effects of technological adoption at work on the polarization of income were estimated using an Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Santos, Gilvan dos. "Produtividade do trabalho na indústria de transformação nordestina: qual a importância do capital humano e do progresso tecnológico?" Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2016. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4570.
Full textAbstract:
A evolução da produtividade do trabalho, particularmente no setor industrial, é um tema que vem sendo bastante discutido na literatura econômica brasileira recente e, nos anos 90, transformando-se em questão de grande interesse, dadas as modificações pelas quais passou a economia brasileira. Alguns estudos, como o de Sabóia e Carvalho (1997), trouxeram uma ampla resenha dos debates e controvérsias sobre o assunto; Bonelli e Fonseca (1998) aprofundaram a questão dos ganhos de produtividade e eficiência na economia brasileira; enquanto o estudo de Rossi Jr. E Ferreira (1999) analisou a evolução da produtividade industrial e sua relação com a abertura comercial nos anos 90. No Brasil, o foco do debate residia na discussão de saber se realmente houve aumento da produtividade da indústria brasileira ou se as taxas de crescimento estavam elevadas em virtude da superestimação dos índices do IBGE. E se houve aumento, quais a causas desse aumento. Nossa investigação objetivou entender o comportamento da produtividade do trabalho na indústria de transformação nordestina, identificar os principais fatores determinantes da sua evolução e a verificação empírica com vistas a checar se as fontes dos incrementos da produtividade do trabalho da indústria brasileira, identificadas pela literatura, também se aplica à indústria de transformação nordestina, enfatizando o papel do capital humano e do progresso tecnológico, além de analisar a contribuição desses fatores isso para o incremento observado. A metodologia consistiu na análise dos dados da PIA-IBGE sobre o comportamento da produtividade do trabalho, bem como a análise dos resultados de uma regressão com dados em painel, utilizando-se o modelo de efeitos aleatórios. Na análise dos resultados o poder explicação da variabilidade da produtividade foi de 70%, demonstrando que a variação entre indivíduos (between) superou a variação da mesma variável ao longo do tempo (within). O capital humano é a variável que melhor explica a variabilidade da produtividade do trabalho, seguida da variável que representou a abertura da economia ao mercado externo (exportações) e a produção. A proxy escolhida para representar o progresso tecnológico obteve resultado não significativo, ainda que a literatura neoclássica assegure a existência de uma relação de causalidade com o crescimento da produtividade do trabalho. Também ficou demostrada a existência de uma associação negativa e significante entre o tamanho da planta em número médio de pessoas ocupadas com a produtividade do trabalho.A evolução da produtividade do trabalho, particularmente no setor industrial, é um tema que vem sendo bastante discutido na literatura econômica brasileira recente e, nos anos 90, transformando-se em questão de grande interesse, dadas as modificações pelas quais passou a economia brasileira. Alguns estudos, como o de Sabóia e Carvalho (1997), trouxeram uma ampla resenha dos debates e controvérsias sobre o assunto; Bonelli e Fonseca (1998) aprofundaram a questão dos ganhos de produtividade e eficiência na economia brasileira; enquanto o estudo de Rossi Jr. E Ferreira (1999) analisou a evolução da produtividade industrial e sua relação com a abertura comercial nos anos 90. No Brasil, o foco do debate residia na discussão de saber se realmente houve aumento da produtividade da indústria brasileira ou se as taxas de crescimento estavam elevadas em virtude da superestimação dos índices do IBGE. E se houve aumento, quais a causas desse aumento. Nossa investigação objetivou entender o comportamento da produtividade do trabalho na indústria de transformação nordestina, identificar os principais fatores determinantes da sua evolução e a verificação empírica com vistas a checar se as fontes dos incrementos da produtividade do trabalho da indústria brasileira, identificadas pela literatura, também se aplica à indústria de transformação nordestina, enfatizando o papel do capital humano e do progresso tecnológico, além de analisar a contribuição desses fatores isso para o incremento observado. A metodologia consistiu na análise dos dados da PIA-IBGE sobre o comportamento da produtividade do trabalho, bem como a análise dos resultados de uma regressão com dados em painel, utilizando-se o modelo de efeitos aleatórios. Na análise dos resultados o poder explicação da variabilidade da produtividade foi de 70%, demonstrando que a variação entre indivíduos (between) superou a variação da mesma variável ao longo do tempo (within). O capital humano é a variável que melhor explica a variabilidade da produtividade do trabalho, seguida da variável que representou a abertura da economia ao mercado externo (exportações) e a produção. A proxy escolhida para representar o progresso tecnológico obteve resultado não significativo, ainda que a literatura neoclássica assegure a existência de uma relação de causalidade com o crescimento da produtividade do trabalho. Também ficou demostrada a existência de uma associação negativa e significante entre o tamanho da planta em número médio de pessoas ocupadas com a produtividade do trabalho.
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Němec, Lukáš. "Laboratorní centrum UTB Zlín - stavebně technologický projekt." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227703.
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This diplome thesis is focused on the technological project of the gross building of the Laboratory Center UTB in Zlín. Among other subjects, the work consists of technical report, technical rule, inspection and test plans, mechanical assembly desing, financial comparison of various casting methods, health and safety plan, environmental protection issues, budget, timetable and building site situation.
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Blažek, David. "Stavebně technologického řešení Vzdělávacího komplexu v Brně." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225564.
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This master’s thesis deals with construction of the gross building of new building of learning complex FEKT VUT in Brno. It contains the design of earthworks, underground setting piles, monolithic structures and isolation of the building for further construction. Construction and technological project includes technical report, time and financial plan of construction, study of the implementation of major technological stages of site preparation, budget of facilities, technological regulation to solved stages, inspection and test plan of monolithic structures, health and safety plan and energy label of objects.
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Polách, Miroslav. "Logistické centrum odpadů - příprava a organizace výstavby." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226496.
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This thesis deals with the preparation and organization of construction of Logistic center of waste for processing biologically decomposable waste in Vsetín. It is focused mostly on technological procedure of realization of main building object, based on the budget, the progress chart, the technological instructions and the inspecting and test plan. The thesis also contains a description of other objels with time and financial planning. It is designed and described the construction site equipment, the composition of machinery for construction and the design of the supply of material resources.
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Tszesnioski, Roberta Reis Bahia. "A história das invenções contada por Monteiro Lobato: um olhar sobre o progresso, trabalho e tecnologia." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2014. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1163.
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A presente dissertação tem por objetivo analisar as representações do trabalhador, trabalho, tecnologia e progresso presentes na obra infantil História das Invenções, de Monteiro Lobato, publicada em 1935. Considera-se que as representações de tecnologia, progresso e trabalho, presentes na obra, demonstram o processo de recontextualização, realizado por Monteiro Lobato, ao adaptar a obra de Hendrik van Loon, ao contexto brasileiro, o qual é marcado por novos tensionamentos políticos, econômicos e ideológicos. Para tanto, faz-se necessário verificar que perspectiva de progresso está contemplada na obra, uma vez que, para o escritor brasileiro, o progresso está associado a alguns tipos de invenções, que impactaram o universo do trabalho. São apresentadas duas óticas de progresso apresentadas na narrativa: em um primeiro momento como processo evolutivo pelo qual o ser humano passou, ideia fortemente relacionada às teorias evolucionistas. Em um segundo momento, o autor mostra o progresso como instrumento de modernização, estando estreitamente relacionado com as invenções, consideradas como aparatos tecnológicos, são extensões dos organismos humanos. Também discute-se a abordagem de Monteiro Lobato sobre a utilização da maquinaria e sua relação com o trabalhador. Será visto que, para o escritor brasileiro, a máquina veio para tornar o trabalho do homem eficiente e completo, sendo instrumento fundante do progresso humano e mecanismo de racionalização e aperfeiçoamento do trabalhador. Procuramos demonstrar que a ideia de progresso em Lobato está associada à mecanização do trabalho, que traria modernização à estrutura social e econômica do país.The present dissertation aims to analyze the representations of the worker,work, technology and progress in child labor ―História das Invenções‖, of Monteiro Lobato, published in 1935. It is considered that the representations of technology, progress and work, present in the work, demonstrate the process of recontextualization, directed by Monteiro Lobato, by adapting the work of Hendrik van Loon, to the Brazilian context, which is marked by new political, economic and ideological tensions. To this end, it is necessary to verify that the perspective of progress is included in the work, since, for the Brazilian writer, progress is associated with some types of inventions, which impacted the world of work. Two progress concepts are presented in the narrative: at first the evolutionary process by which the human being passed, idea strongly related to evolutionary theories. In a second moment, the author shows the progress as a tool of modernization, being closely related to inventions. The inventions considered as a technological apparatus, are extensions of human bodies. Also discusses the approach of Monteiro Lobato on the use of the machinery and its relationship with the employee. It will be seen that, for the Brazilian writer, the machine came to make work efficient and complete man, being a fundamental instrument of human progress and a mechanism of rationalization and improvement of the worker. We will seek to demonstrate that the idea of progress in Lobato is associated with the mechanization of the work, which would bring modernization to the social and economic structure of the country.
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Rocha, Roberto Oliveira. "Tripla hélice "desmembrada" : a dificuldade da inovação no Brasil." Pós-Graduação em Sociologia, 2014. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/6279.
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In spite of being an opening concept, innovation has fomented useful theoretical discussions. One of the most applied approaches is the `Triple Helix´ model, which identifies societies with higher ability of promoting innovative practices and environments as those where the helixes `Government´, `Universities´ and `Industry´ are better articulated, in a horizontal relation. What it follows is a work that aims to problematize that discussion to Brazilian context, pointing the existence of socio-political features which inhibit the interconnection among these main participants of the process. First, we take into account some aspects connected to Brazilian constitution, which reveals into a developmentalism logic. Later, we discuss the national technic-scientific activities, analyzing them based on Triple Helix theory and general theoretical contributions. And, as an attempt to delineate this relation more clearly, the next step was chosen looking at a more restrictive and specific object: the RHAE-Pesquisador na Empresa program, which confirmed the difficulties of a consolidation of this intended articulation among those helixes. In this way, we undertake a quite wide although needful sociological research, once the chosen thematic has a complex dynamics.A inovação, apesar de ser um conceito ainda em aberto, tem fomentado discussões teóricas profícuas. Uma das abordagens mais utilizadas é o modelo da Tripla Hélice , que aponta as sociedades com maior capacidade de promover práticas e ambientes inovadores como aquelas onde as hélices Estado , Universidades e Empresas melhor se articulam, numa relação horizontal. Este trabalho procura problematizar essa discussão para o contexto brasileiro e aponta para a existência de características sócio-políticas que inibem a interconexão entre os três partícipes principais desse processo. Primeiramente, abordamos aspectos prenhes à constituição do Estado brasileiro, que desemboca na lógica desenvolvimentista. Posteriormente, discutimos o cenário das atividades tecno-científicas nacionais, analisando-as à luz da teoria da Tripla Hélice e de contribuições teóricas mais gerais. E, na tentativa de delinear mais claramente esta relação, na etapa seguinte foi escolhido como objeto mais restritivo e específico o programa RHAE-Pesquisador na Empresa que, por sua vez, confirmou as dificuldades da consolidação de uma pretendida articulação entre as hélices do sistema. Desse modo, empreendemos uma pesquisa sociológica bastante ampla, mas que fez-se necessária, em virtude da dinâmica complexa inerente à temática escolhida.
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Tacina, Marek. "Stavebně technologický projekt rekonstrukce areálu bývalého mlýna v Židlochovicích." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227313.
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The subject of my thesis is to implement the gross carrying construction of the new bakery Karlovy pekarny in Židlochovice. In this paper dealt with the technical report, the situation of buildings, building equipment, budget, schedule, technological procedure of construction (bored piles and assembled skeleton), mechanical design and assembly KZP.