Academic literature on the topic 'Technological cooling modes'

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Journal articles on the topic "Technological cooling modes"

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Kotov, Boris, Vladimir Grishchenko, Yuriy Pantsir, and Igor Garasimchuk. "MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF TECHNOLOGICAL MODES OF HEAT-PUMPING SYSTEMS FOR TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES." Vibrations in engineering and technology, no. 2(101) (June 29, 2021): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2306-8744-2021-2-9.

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One of the ways to increase the energy efficiency of the process of heat supply of technological facilities and production facilities of the agro-industrial complex is the use of heat pumps. Their use allows to increase the energy potential of heat carriers. To optimize the mode parameters and create systems for automatic control of the heat pump installation, it is necessary to establish a relationship between the parameters of the processes occurring in the elements of the installation by creating a mathematical model of non-stationary thermal modes. In the analysis of recent studies and publications, it is established that the calculations of processes in heat pumps are presented mainly for stationary modes of operation without taking into account the dynamics of the condenser. If the dynamic modes of individual elements are given, then they are described by mathematical models of considerable complexity, which greatly complicates their practical implementation. In the article, the heat pump installation, as an object of modeling, is considered as a physical system, which consists of four series-connected elements: evaporator, condenser, compressor, throttle valve forming a closed circuit. The principle of operation of a simple heat pump installation is explained by the scheme and schedule of the theoretical cycle of the steam compressor heat pump. To simplify the mathematical model, certain assumptions were made: the change in the parameters of liquid, vapor and air varies in a straight line, the thermophysical characteristics of the material of heat exchangers, air and vapor flows, heat transfer coefficients do not depend on temperature and are average for the cycle. On the basis of thermal and material balance the corresponding differential equations which make mathematical model of dynamics of change of parameters of the heat exchanger have been made. The mathematical model is supplemented by a simulation model in the MatLAB / Simulink computer environment, as well as graphical interpretations of dynamic characteristics. The developed mathematical model of dynamics of thermal processes in the heat pump installation can be used for calculation of parameters of heating and cooling of streams of heat carriers and creation of system of automatic control of them.
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Platov, Sergey, V. A. Nekit, and Nicolay Urtsev. "Investigation of Temperature-Time Modes of Rolling of Thick-Sheet Steel and Mechanical Properties of Finished Products." Solid State Phenomena 316 (April 2021): 380–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.316.380.

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The article is devoted to the study of technological modes of hot rolling of tube steel on a thick-sheet mill and mechanical properties of the finished products. Five slabs were rolled under the experimental regime in accordance with the study plan. The temperature conditions of rolling at the final stage of deformation and the modes of accelerated cooling of rolled products were changed. Dependencies between technological parameters and mechanical properties allowed developing recommendations on improvement of technology of rolling and of the subsequent accelerated cooling of metal.
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Kharitonov, I. A., A. L. Goncharov, E. K. Titarev, and A. V. Nekhoroshev. "Investigation of the thermal state of the elements of a technological electron beam gun under long–term operating conditions." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2077, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2077/1/012008.

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Abstract The paper presents the results of a study of the thermal state of the elements of the cathode assembly of the ELA–15 welding electron gun. It was revealed that in short–term operating modes of the gun (up to 60 minutes) at any energy parameters of heating the hexaboride cathode, it is possible not to use forced cooling of the cathode assembly. The case temperature in such modes did not exceed 30°C. The increase in the temperature of the gun body occurred 15 minutes after the start of heating the cathode. In long–term operating modes with forced cooling of the gun, the temperature of the gun body increased by 2 – 3°C and remained stable throughout the operation. When the cooling was turned off, the temperature of the gun body reached a critical value in 60 minutes. The section of natural cooling of the cathode obtained in the work, which appears when the heating of the cathode is stopped, is well approximated by a power function. It is convenient to use this dependence to verify the mathematical model of the thermal state of the electron gun.
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S.N., Koreshkov, Khvylia S.I., and Lapshin V.A. "The expert assessment of meat mass loss in the refrigeration chambers of meat and meat processing enterprises." Vsyo o myase, no. 5 (October 30, 2020): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21323/2071-2499-2020-5-36-39.

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The monitoring of beef meat losses in halves and quarters occurring during cooling technological processes at the industrial refrigeration enterprises depending on different technological factors is given in the article. These factors are: quick and accelerating one-stage cooling, quick twostage cooling, continuous and cycled modes of refrigeration chamber during cooling and storing, besides, the age of cattle, quality groups of meat, average temperature of freezing and the way of cooling the chamber, its defrosting and subsequent storage, duration of moisture drainage after wet cleaning and etc. It is shown that there is inconsistency of factual and normative meat losses due to results of practical work of chambers for cooling and storing at some enterprises of the agricultural-industrial complex. Measures and ways on further improvement of normative and standard base with perspective of development and introducing of the individual standards of meat losses in the existing conditions of refrigeration chamber for each enterprise.
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Timoshpolsky, V. I., E. I. Marukovich, and I. A. Trusova. "Application of classical numerical methods in the calculation of solidification modes of a continuous ingot." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 3 (October 20, 2020): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2020-3-41-47.

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This paper presents approaches to the computational analysis of solidification and cooling processes of continuously cast billets in order to improve and develop technological modes in the conditions of modern continuous casting machines using FEM.The application of modern numerical methods for solidification and cooling of workpieces on continuous casting machines is considered. The use of the finite element method is justified when using computational and experimental data for the development and improvement of casting technology.
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Tulupov, O. N., A. B. Moller, and S. Y. Sarancha. "Increasing of Long Products Rolling Efficiency: Modernization of Stelmor Air Cooling Line to Obtain Sorbitized Wire Rod." Solid State Phenomena 265 (September 2017): 1116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.265.1116.

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Most national companies are seeking to reduce costs, improve technological processes and increase profitability. The steel industry is no exception - an example of cost reduction is a technology of sorbitized wire rod production. This technology can improve the performance characteristics of wore rod and reduce the number of patenting stages during metalware production. The developed technology has been tested in the CIS countries Stelmor lines, and its task is to eliminate the significant disadvantages of these lines: the absence of differential cooling on the conveyor width, insufficient cooling rate of air cooling sections, the lack of frequency regulated speed control for electric motors. Eliminating these disadvantages and developing new cooling modes using the software, based on the original mathematical model, allows for the production of sorbitized wire rod with high performance characteristics, provided with increased level of pearlite dispersion (1-2 points for at least 85% of area). Each intense and retarded cooling section has to be fitted with adjustable flaps controlled by electric motors, ensuring the alignment rod temperature at the roller conveyor width. Before the start of the reconstruction of the cooling line a detailed technical and technological audit is required to identify and eliminate the causes that lead to uncontrolled temperature deviations or wire rod laying deviations on the cooling conveyor.
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Borodulin, D. M. "Mathematical Support to Control Milk Temperature at Cooling Outlets." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 84, no. 1 (February 15, 2022): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2022-1-24-28.

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Automation of any production is impossible without the appropriate software for automation systems. Automatic control systems are used for various parameters of technological processes. Temperature is one of the main technological parameters in dairy production. Therefore, its control and regulation in various parts of technological lines is an important task for the automation of dairy production. For this, an information scheme of the technological control object was created with the designation of the controlled technological parameters. The following parameters were established as a result of the analysis of the normal operation of the technological control object: cold water temperature, transmission coefficient of this channel; the temperature of the source milk, the transmission coefficient of this channel; ambient air temperature, transmission coefficient of a given channel; cold water pressure, transmission coefficient of this channel; raw milk consumption, transmission coefficient of this channel. Calculation of a single-loop system for automatic control of milk temperature at the outlet of the cooling section was made using the IPC-CAD program. As a result of processing the obtained data, it was found that the transient processes "aperiodic" and "with moderate attenuation" have a sufficient margin of stability, since the degree of attenuation is greater than 0,75. Dynamic errors in the modes of tuning and checking for roughness of these processes differ by 0,02, that is, the differences are insignificant. The margin of stability of the "aperiodic" process is higher, and the dynamic error does not significantly exceed the other options, so this type of transient process was chosen for further application. Thus, the use of an automatic control system based on the developed software is expedient and effective, as it will reduce rejects and improve the quality of products due to timely quality control of the main technological parameter - the temperature of raw milk. From this it follows that the use of this single-circuit automatic control system is appropriate in the dairy industry.
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Rakhmanova, Mafiiat, Amiiat Demirova, Magomed Akhmedov, Faina Azimova, Irada Gadzhibekova, and Zaurbek Abdulkhalikov. "High-temperature multilevel sterilization of canned goods with heat recovery and its constructive and technological support." E3S Web of Conferences 247 (2021): 01030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124701030.

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New technical solutions improving the process of thermal sterilization of canned products through the use of multilevel high-temperature modes and heat recovery have been considered and proposed. The essence of the developed method lies in the fact that the heat released by cooling cans with the product that has undergone thermal sterilization is used to heat other cans with the product queued for sterilization. In this mode of heat treatment, except in the last stage, the heat emitted by cooled cans that have already undergone heat treatment is used to heat up the canned food. Hence, the use of the principle of heat recovery by cooling canned products in the baths where others are simultaneously heated provides a significant saving of heat energy and water. Depending on the temperature parameters at different stages of the heat treatment, the heat recovery rate can reach up to 90%. The method also provides savings on cooling water. For the practical implementation of the developed method, the design of the device for multilevel high-temperature thermal sterilization of canned food with heat recovery has been developed. On the basis of experimental studies, new, multilevel high-temperature modes of apple compote sterilization have been developed.
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Merentsov, N. A., V. N. Lebedev, A. V. Persidskiy, and A. B. Golovanchikov. "Automatic control system for operation modes and calibration of technological parameters of evaporation cooling apparatuses." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1515 (April 2020): 022004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1515/2/022004.

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Suleymanov, Sultan Khamidovich, Elman Sayad ogli Nabiev, Valery Grigorevich Dyskin, Mustafa Umerovich Djanklich, Oleg Andreevich Dudko, and Natalya Aleksandrovna Kulagina. "THE STUDY OF TECHNOLOGICAL REGIMES OF HARDENING BANDAGE STEEL OF THE CONCENTRATED FLOW OF ENERGY." Computational nanotechnology 6, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2313-223x-2019-6-3-11-15.

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The work is devoted to the development of technological modes of strengthening of the band steel of locomotive wheels by the method of thermal treatment with concentrated energy flow. Thermal treatment of the banding steel was carried out on a solar furnace at flow densities 320, 450 and 500 W/sm2. Quenching was carried out in air and water. Heating and cooling rates are important for quenching. If speed of cooling is less than critical speed ( V cr ≈ 50 deg/s), quenching is not observed. The hardness of the tempered steel samples after thermal treatment at a temperature of 800-1200°C and treated in water reaches ≈726 HB, that is not optimum for bandage steel.The optimum temperature for quenching the band steel is 730-780°C at a flow density of 450 W/sm2. At the heating temperature of the steel samples 730-780°C and cooling by quenching into water, the hardness of the band steel is the required value of 350-400 HB. By changing the heating temperature and cooling rate of the steel, a predetermined hardness can be controlled and obtained.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Technological cooling modes"

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Ahmedullah, Sharizal Shaik. "Integrated solar energy and absorption cooling model for HVAC (heating, ventilating, and air conditioning) applications in buildings /." Available online. Click here, 2006. http://sunshine.lib.mtu.edu/ETD/DISS/2006/MechanicalEng/ahmedullahs/diss.pdf.

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Мірчук, Ігор Анатолійович. "Підвищення експлуатаційних характеристик суднових кабелів за рахунок технологічних режимів охолодження та радіаційного опромінення електричної ізоляції." Thesis, Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2020. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/49276.

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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук (доктора філософії) за спеціальністю 141 "Електроенергетика, електротехніка та електромеханіка" (14 – Електрична інженерія) – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", м. Харків, 2020 р. Дисертаційна робота присвячена підвищенню експлуатаційних характеристик суднових кабелів за рахунок технологічних режимів охолодження та радіаційного опромінення ізоляції і оболонки на основі сучасних, які не поширюють полум'я, безгалогенних полімерних композицій, що забезпечують необхідний комплекс електричних, фізико-механічних параметрів при відповідному контролі технологічних процесів. Для досягнення цієї мети були поставлені задачі: – довести доцільність поступового охолодження поліетиленової ізоляції високовольтних силових кабелів для забезпечення як експлуатаційних параметрів, так і стабільності характеристик в процесі експлуатації; – обґрунтувати застосування методу електротеплової аналогії для побудови математичної моделі охолодження ізольованої струмопровідної жили з урахуванням розподілу температури по товщині ізоляції в несталому тепловому режимі; – розробити методику розрахунку технологічних параметрів режиму охолодження силових кабелів, що ґрунтується на розрахунку нелінійної теплової схеми заміщення ізольованої струмопровідної жили в несталому тепловому режимі з урахуванням залежності від температури теплового опору і теплоємності ізоляції методами дискретних резистивних схем заміщення і вузлових потенціалів; – визначити вплив технологічних режимів охолодження на розподіл температури по товщині екструдованої ізоляції та обґрунтувати тривалість перехідного процесу, що відповідає досягненню однакової температури по всій товщині ізоляції силових кабелів різного конструктивного виконання в різні моменти часу в залежності від температури води, що охолоджує; – експериментально перевірити ефективність виявлення технологічних дефектів в конструкції силового суднового кабелю за характеристиками часткових розрядів; – створити методику оптимізації силового суднового кабелю коаксіальної конструкції для забезпечення максимального розсіювання потужності теплового потоку в навколишнє середовище, що обумовлює збільшення струмового навантаження, за умови теплової стійкості ізоляції; – довести ефективність застосування захисної полімерної оболонки з високими теплопровідними властивостями для підвищення струмового навантаження силових суднових кабелів; – визначити вплив енергії прискорених електронів на механічні та електричні характеристики суднових кабелів та встановити діапазон коефіцієнта опромінення ізоляції, що забезпечує підвищення експлуатаційних характеристик, на підставі кореляційного зв'язку між електричними та механічними характеристиками радіаційно-модифікованої високонаповненої антипіренами безгалогенної композиції на основі співполімеру етилен-вінілацетату; – перевірити ефективність розподілу поглиненої дози по периметру й довжині при радіаційному опроміненні суднових кабелів за результатами фізико-механічних та теплових випробувань безгалогенної, яка не поширює полум'я, полімерної захисної оболонки кабелю; – визначити на підставі прискореного теплового старіння теплову стійкість радіаційно-модифікованої безгалогенної, яка не поширює полум'я, полімерної захисної оболонки, для прогнозування строку служби суднових кабелів та обґрунтувати можливість роботи в умовах підвищеної вологості і високих робочих температур неекранованого кабелю на основі неекранованих кручених пар з термопластичними ізоляцією і захисною оболонкою. Об'єкт дослідження – технологічні режими охолодження та радіаційного опромінення електричної ізоляції суднових кабелів, виготовленої з наповненої антипіренами безгалогенної композиції на основі поліолефінів. Предмет дослідження – експлуатаційні електричні, фізико-механічні та теплові характеристики полімерної ізоляції і оболонки, на основі наповненої антипіренами безгалогенної композиції, суднових кабелів. Методи дослідження. Теоретичні та експериментальні дослідження базуються на використанні методів чисельного та фізичного моделювання технологічних режимів охолодження та радіаційного опромінення прискореними електронами електричної полімерної ізоляції та захисної оболонки суднових кабелів. Методи теорії нестаціонарної теплопровідності для розрахунку режиму охолодження полімерної ізоляції кабелю. Диференційні рівняння теплопровідності та електропровідності. Метод електротеплових аналогій для визначення розподілу температури по товщині ізоляції в різні моменти часу, в залежності від температури води, що охолоджує судновий силовий кабель. Нелінійні теплова та електрична схеми заміщення ізольованої струмопровідної жили в перехідному тепловому режимі. Неявний метод Ейлера та метод вузлових потенціалів для отримання розподілу температури по товщині ізоляції кабелю. Метод оптимізації конструкції силового кабелю за умови забезпечення охолодження в експлуатації для підвищення струмового навантаження. Рівняння теплового балансу для визначення теплової стійкості ізоляції в експлуатації. Теорія радіаційного зшивання для визначення оптимальної дози опромінення полімерної ізоляції. Теорія теплового старіння ізоляції для прогнозування строку служби суднових кабелів в експлуатації. Апроксимація експериментальних електричних, фізико-механічних й теплових характеристик радіаційно-модифікованої ізоляції суднових кабелів. Кореляційний та регресійний аналіз електричних, механічних й теплових характеристик в процесі радіаційного модифікування полімерної ізоляції та захисної оболонки суднових кабелів. Техніка реєстрації часткових розрядів у високовольтній твердій полімерній ізоляції для виявлення дефектів на технологічній стадії виготовлення силових суднових кабелів. В роботі отримані такі наукові результати. У дисертаційній роботі вирішено науково-практичну задачу з підвищення експлуатаційних характеристик суднових кабелів за рахунок технологічних режимів охолодження та опромінення електричної ізоляції на основі сучасних безгалогенних полімерних композицій, які не поширюють полум'я. Удосконалено математичну модель технологічного процесу охолодження ізольованої струмопровідної жили в несталому тепловому режимі шляхом урахування температурної залежності теплофізичних характеристик полімерної ізоляції підчас розрахунку розподілу температури по товщині поліетиленової ізоляції в різні моменти часу в залежності від температури води при поступовому охолодженні, що дозволило визначити умови для забезпечення стабільних характеристик суднового силового кабелю в експлуатації. Запропоновано критерій для визначення технологічних параметрів режиму охолодження силових суднових кабелів, який являє собою час перехідного процесу охолодження ізольованої струмопровідної жили для досягнення однакової температури по всій товщині полімерної ізоляції. Встановлено оптимальну товщину полімерної захисної оболонки за умови довготривалої теплової стійкості радіаційно-зшитої ізоляції на основі поліолефінів, що забезпечує підвищення на 30 % струмове навантаження силового суднового кабелю коаксіальної конструкції. Визначено діапазон коефіцієнта опромінення прискореними електронами безгалогенної, що не поширює полум'я ізоляції суднових кабелів, що гарантує підвищення електричного опору радіаційно-модифікованої полімерної ізоляції більш ніж в два рази, пробивної напруги на постійному струмі в 1,3 рази відносно неопроміненого стану. Встановлено кореляцію між механічними і електричними характеристиками радіаційно-модифікованої ізоляції з безгалогенної композиції на основі поліолефінів, в залежності від лінійної швидкості проходження кабелю під пучком електронів при незмінному струмі пучка електронів. Встановлено, в залежності від технологічних параметрів режиму опромінення суднових кабелів, розподіл поглиненої дози по периметру і довжині полімерної захисної оболонки з безгалогенної композиції, яка не поширює полум'я, що дозволяє визначити дозу опромінення кабелів, яка забезпечує підвищення стійкості захисної оболонки до дії агресивних хімічних речовин при збереженні високих фізико-механічних характеристик Експериментально, на підставі прискореного старіння неекранованого кабелю на основі неекранованих кручених пар, з термопластичної поліетиленової ізоляції в захисній оболонці на основі полівінілхлоридного пластикату за умови адекватного старіння в експлуатації, доведено стійкість конструкції до підвищеної температури та вологості, що дозволяє прогнозувати строк служби суднових кабелів в залежності від робочої температури. Розроблено методику розрахунку технологічних параметрів режиму охолодження силових кабелів, що ґрунтується на розрахунку нелінійної теплової схеми заміщення ізольованої поліетиленом струмопровідної жили в несталому тепловому режимі, з урахуванням залежності від температури теплового опору і теплоємності, методами дискретних резистивних схем заміщення і вузлових потенціалів. Запропонована методика та алгоритми можуть бути застосовані для визначення технологічних режимів охолодження полімерної ізоляції кабелів без застосування дороговартісних натурних експериментів, що особливо важливо при освоєнні нових матеріалів та конструкцій, а також при модернізації існуючого на кабельних підприємствах обладнання, для охолодження силових, симетричних, радіочастотних та оптичних кабелів. Доведено ефективність реєстрації часткових розрядів у високовольтній твердій ізоляції для виявлення дефектів на технологічній стадії виготовлення силових суднових кабелів, а також для налаштування технологічного процесу охолодження. Розроблено методику розрахунку теплопередачі в одножильному силовому кабелі коаксіальної конструкції на підставі критеріальних рівнянь природної конвекції, для оптимізації конструкції силового суднового кабелю, для забезпечення максимальної лінійної щільності теплового потоку, що розсіюється з поверхні кабелю. Показано ефективність застосування полімерних матеріалів на основі мікро- і нанокомпозитів з високими теплопровідними властивостями для захисної оболонки силових високовольтних суднових кабелів, що забезпечують збільшення розсіювання кабелем теплової потужності на 30 %. Встановлено, що енергія прискорених електронів на рівні 0,5 МеВ забезпечує більш високий ступінь зшивання полімерної безгалогенної ізоляції на основі високонаповненої антипіренами композиції в порівнянні з енергією 0,4 МеВ при однаковому коефіцієнті опромінення, струмі пучка і кількості проходів ізольованої жили під пучком електронів. Доведено підвищення механічної міцності при розтягуванні, електричного опору ізоляції та пробивної напруги на постійному струмі радіаційно-модифікованої полімерної безгалогенної ізоляції з коефіцієнтом опромінення 5–7 м/(мА∙хв) при сталому значенні відносного подовження при розриві ізоляції на рівні не менше 120 %, що забезпечує компроміс між еластичністю і жорсткістю суднового кабелю. Встановлено зростання в 1,5–2 рази часу досягнення критичного параметра – відносного подовження при розриві радіаційно-модифікованої полімерної захисної оболонки на основі безгалогенної композиції, в порівнянні з не модифікованою термопластичною оболонкою, що еквівалентно збільшенню строку експлуатації в 1,5–2 рази суднового контрольного кабелю в області максимальних робочих температур. Матеріали дисертаційної роботи використовуються в навчальному процесі на кафедрі електроізоляційної та кабельної техніки Національного технічного університету "Харківський політехнічний інститут" при підготовці бакалаврів та магістрів за спеціальністю "141 – електроенергетика, електротехніка та електромеханіка" спеціалізації "141.04 Електроізоляційна, кабельна та оптоволоконна техніка"; у ТОВ "Азовська кабельна компанія" (м. Бердянськ) при розробці і визначенні оптимальних технологічних параметрів режимів виготовлення безгалогенних суднових кабелів, що не розповсюджують горіння, асоціації "Укрелектрокабель", в ПАТ "Завод "Південкабель". Дисертаційна робота виконана в ПрАТ "Український науково-дослідний інститут кабельної промисловості" (м. Бердянськ) та на кафедрі електроізоляційної та кабельної техніки Національного технічного університету "Харківський політехнічний інститут" (м. Харків), згідно програм наукових досліджень ПрАТ "Український науково-дослідний інститут кабельної промисловості" (ПМ ЕИЮВ.505.564–2018 "Вивчення термічної стійкості оболонки кабелю марки СПОВЕнг-FRHF 12x2,5 до та після опромінення швидкими електронами", ПМ ЕИЮВ.505.584–2019 "Визначення величини та розподілу поглиненої дози при радіаційному модифікуванні оболонки суднових кабелів, що не розповсюджують полум'я"), де здобувач був одним з розробників і виконавців програм.
Ph.D. thesis undertaken in research specialization 141 "Electric Power Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Electric Mechanics" (14 – Electrical Engineering). – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Kharkiv, 2020. The dissertation is devoted to increasing of the operational properties of shipboard cables due to the technological modes of cooling and electron beam irradiation of insulation and sheath based on modern flame retardant halogen-free polymeric compounds, which provide the necessary complex of electrical, physical and mechanical properties with appropriate control of technological processes. To achieve this, the following tasks were set: – to prove the expediency of gradual cooling of polyethylene insulation of high-voltage power cables to ensure both operational parameters and stability of properties during operation; – to substantiate the application of the method of electro-thermal analogy for the construction of a mathematical model of cooling of insulated conductor taking into account the temperature distribution over the thickness of insulation in a non-constant thermal mode; – to develop a method of calculating the technological parameters of the cooling mode of power cable, based on the calculation of a nonlinear thermal equivalent circuit of insulated conductor in a non-constant thermal mode, taking into account dependence the thermal resistance and heat capacity of the insulation from the temperature by methods of discrete resistive equivalent circuits; – to determine the influence of technological cooling modes on the temperature distribution in the thickness of extruded in sulation and to justify the duration of the transition process, which corresponds to achievement of the same temperature over the entire thickness of power cables insulation various design at different time points, depending on the cooling water temperature; – to verify experimentally the efficiency of detecting technological defects in the design of the power shipboard cable by partial discharges values; – to create a methodology for optimizing the power shipboard cable with coaxial construction to ensure maximum heat flow power dissipation into the environment, which causes an increase in current load, if insulation thermal resistance provided; – to prove the efficiency of the use a protective polymer sheath with high thermal conductive properties to increase the current load of power shipboard cables; – to determine the effect of accelerated electron beam energy on the mechanical and electrical properties of shipboard cables and determine the irradiation coefficient range for insulation which provides an increase of operational characteristics, on the basis of correlation between the electrical and mechanical properties of filled with flame retardants halogen-free compound based on ethylene-vinyl acetate modified by electron beam; – to verify the efficiency of absorbed dose distribution along the perimeter and length of shipboard cables after irradiation according to obtained results of mechanical and thermal tests of polymeric halogen-free flame retardant protective sheath of cable; – to determine the thermal stability of the halogen-free flame-retardant polymeric protective sheath modified by irradiating, on basis of accelerated thermal aging, to predict the service life of shipboard cables and to substantiate the possibility of operation in conditions with high humidity and high operating temperatures for unscreened cable with unscreened twisted pairs and thermoplastic insulation and protective sheath. Object of research – technological modes of cooling and irradiation of electrical insulation of shipboard cables, based on halogen-free filled with flame retardants polyolefin compound. Subject of research – electrical, mechanical and thermal operational properties of the shipboard cables polymer insulation and sheath based on filled with flame retardants halogen-free compounds. Research methods. Theoretical and experimental studies are based on the use of methods of numerical and physical modeling of technological modes of cooling and electron beam irradiation of polymeric electrical insulation and protective sheath of shipboard cables. Methods of theory of non-stationary thermal conductivity to calculation of cooling mode of polymeric cable insulation. Differential equations of thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity. The method of electro-thermal analogies to determine the temperature distribution in the thickness of insulation at different time points, depending on the temperature of cooling water for shipboard power cable. Nonlinear thermal and electrical equivalent circuits of insulated conductor in transient thermal mode. Implicit Euler method and nodal potentials method for obtaining temperature distribution in thickness of cable insulation. A method of optimizing the design of the power cable provided cooling during operation to increase the current load. Thermal balance equation to determining the thermal resistance of insulation during operation. Irradiation crosslinking theory to determine the optimal irradiation dose of polymeric insulation. The theory of thermal aging of insulation to predict the service life of shipboard cables. Approximation of experimental electrical, mechanical and thermal properties of modified by irradiation insulation of shipboard cables. Correlation and regression analysis of electrical, mechanical and thermal properties after modification by irradiation of polymeric insulation and protective sheath of shipboard cables. Partial discharge detection technique in high voltage solid polymeric insulation for defect detection on technological stage of production power shipboard cable. The following scientific results are obtained in the work. The dissertation solves the scientific and practical problem of increasing the operational properties of shipboard cables due to the technological modes of cooling and irradiation of electrical insulation based on modern halogen-free flame retardant polymeric compounds. The mathematical model of technological process of cooling insulated conductor in unsteady thermal mode, by taking into account dependence of thermal and physical characteristics of polymeric insulation from the temperature, for determine the temperature distribution throughout the thickness of polyethylene insulation at different time points depending on water temperature under gradual cooling, has been improved. Mathematical model allows to determine the conditions for ensuring stable characteristics of the shipboard power cable during operation. The criterion for determination of technological parameters of the cooling mode of power shipboard cables, which is the time of the transitional process of cooling the insulated conductor to achieve an equal temperature throughout the thickness of the polymeric insulation, is proposed. The optimum thickness of the polymeric protective sheath on condition of long-term thermal stability of irradiated cross-linked based on polyolefin insulation has been established. It provides a 30 % increase current load of the coaxial design shipboard power cable. The range of irradiation coefficient for halogen free flame retardant insulation of shipboard cables when guarantees increasing electrical resistance of polymeric insulation modified by electron beam more than twice, the breakdown direct current voltage 1,3 times relative to the non-irradiated condition, is determined. The correlation between mechanical and electrical properties of halogen-free based on polyolefin insulation modified by electron beam, depending on the linear velocity of the cable under the electron beam and constant value of electron beam current. The distribution of the absorbed dose along the perimeter and length of the halogen-free flame retardant polymeric protective sheath depending on the technological parameters of the irradiation modes of shipboard cables, is established and allows to determine the irradiation dose for cables, when protective sheath provides increasing the resistance to aggressive chemicals while high physical and mechanical properties is still available. The stability of the cables structure to high temperature and humidity is experimentally proved on the basis of accelerated aging of unscreened cable with unscreened twisted pairs, with thermoplastic polyethylene insulation and protective polyvinylchloride sheath with adequate aging during operation. It allows predicting the service life of shipboard cables depending on the operating temperature. A technique for calculating the technological parameters of the power cable cooling mode by the methods of discrete resistive equivalent circuits has been developed. A technique based on the calculation of a nonlinear thermal scheme of substitution of conductor with polyethylene insulation in a non-constant thermal mode, taking into account the dependence of thermal resistance and heat capacity from the temperature. The proposed methodology and algorithms can be applied to determine the technological modes of cooling cable polymeric insulation without using expensive full-scale experiments, especially important for the new compounds development and cable constructions, as well as modernization available at cable factories equipment for cooling power cable, data cable with twisted pairs, radio frequency and optical cables. The efficiency of determining partial discharges in high-voltage solid insulation has been proved to detect defects at the technological stage of the producing of power shipboard cables, as well as to adjust the technological process of cooling. The methodology for heat transfer in a coaxial design single-core power cable based on criterial equations of natural convection has been developed to optimize the design of the power shipboard cable to ensure the maximum linear density of heat flow dissipated from the cable surface. The efficiency of application of polymeric materials based on micro- and nanocomposites with high thermal conductivity for sheath of high-voltage shipboard cables, providing a 30 % increase in thermal dissipating of power cable, is shown. It is established the energy of accelerated electrons 0.5 MeV provides a higher degree of crosslinking of polymeric halogen-free insulation based on filled with flame retardants compound compared to the energy of 0.4 MeV at the same irradiation coefficient, electron beam current and the number of wire passages under electron beam. It is established an increase of tensile strength, electrical insulation resistance and breakdown DC voltage of crosslinked polymeric halogen-free insulation with irradiation coefficient 5-7 m/(mА∙min) with constant value of elongation at break not less than 120 % which ensure a compromise between rigidity and flexibility of the shipboard cable. It is established an increase in 1,5–2 times the time of reaching the critical parameter – elongation at break of the modified by electron beam polymeric sheath based on a halogen-free compound compared to the same thermop lastic non-modifying sheath. It is an increase service life of the shipboard control cable at maximum operational temperatures in 1,5–2 times. The materials of the dissertation are used at the educational process Department of Electrical Insulating and Cable Technique of National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" at education bachelors and masters in disciplines of specialty "141 – Electric Power Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Electric Mechanics" (specialization "141.04 Electrical Isolating, Cable and Fiber-Optic Technique"), at "Azov Cable Company" (Berdians'k) at development and determination of optimal technological parameters of production modes of halogen-free, flame retardant shipboard cables, Association "Ukrelectrocable", in PJSC "Yuzhkable Works". Dissertation work was performed at the PJSC "Ukrainian Scientific and Research Institute of Cable Industry" (Berdians'k) and Department of Electrical Insulating and Cable Technique of National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" (Kharkiv) according to research programs of PJSC "Ukrainian Scientific and Research Institute of Cable Industry" (PM EIUV.505.564–2018 "The research of thermal stability of the sheath cable SPOVEng-FRHF 12x2,5 before and after exposure under electron beam", PM EIUV.505.584–2019 "Determination of the quantity and distribution of the absorbed dose after irradiation of the sheath of shipboard flame retardant cables") wherein the applicant was one of the program developers and executor of individual sections.
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3

Федотов, Павло Павлович. "Удосконалення системи автоматизованого управління процесом доменної плавки в умовах ПАТ «Запоріжсталь»." Магістерська робота, 2020. https://dspace.znu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/12345/4513.

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Федотов П. П. Удосконалення системи автоматизованого управління процесом доменної плавки в умовах ПАТ «Запоріжсталь» : кваліфікаційна робота магістра спеціальності 151 "Автоматизація та комп'ютерно-інтегровані технології" / наук. керівник І. А. Овчинникова. Запоріжжя : ЗНУ, 2020. 111 с.
UA : Федотов П.П. Удосконалення системи автоматизованого управління процесом доменної плавки в умовах ПАТ «Запоріжсталь». Кваліфікаційна випускна робота для здобуття ступеня вищої освіти магістра за спеціальністю 151 – Автоматизація та комп’ютерно-інтегровані технології, науковий керівник І.А. Овчинникова. Інженерний навчально науковий інститут Запорізького національного університету. Кафедра автоматизованого управління технологічними процесами, 2020. У кваліфікаційній роботі магістра проведена комплексна модернізація автоматизованої системи управління технологічними процесами доменної печі, а саме системи охолодження доменної печі, системи подачі повітря турбогенератором, а також системи управління технологічними режимами виплавки. Стабільність роботи цих систем дозволяє вирішити комплекс технологічних задач управління тепловим, газодинамічним і шлаковим режимами доменного процесу.
EN : Fedotov P.P. Improvement of the system of automatic control of blast furnace process in the conditions of PJSC «Zaporizhstal». Qualifying final work for obtaining a master's degree in the specialty 151 - Automation and computer-integrated technologies, scientific adviser Ovchinnikova I. Engineering Educational Scientific Institute of Zaporozhye National University. Department of Automated Control of Technological Processes, 2020. In the master's qualification work, a comprehensive modernization of the automated control system for the technological processes of the blast furnace, namely the cooling system of the blast furnace, the air supply system of the turbine generator, as well as the control system for the technological modes of smelting was carried out. The stability of the operation of these systems makes it possible to solve a set of technological problems of controlling the thermal, gas-dynamic and slag modes of the blast furnace process.
RU : Федотов П.П. Усовершенствование системы автоматизированного управления процессом доменной печи в условиях ПАО «Запорожсталь». Квалификационная выпускная работа для получения степени высшего образования магистра по специальности 151 - Автоматизация и компьютерно-интегрированные технологии, научный руководитель И.А. Овчинникова. Инженерный учебно научный институт Запорожского национального университета. Кафедра автоматизированного управления технологическими процессами, 2020. В квалификационной работе магистра проведена комплексная модернизация автоматизированной системы управления технологическими процессами доменной печи, а именно системы охлаждения доменной печи, системы подачи воздуха турбогенератором, а также системы управления технологическими режимами выплавки. Стабильность работы этих систем позволяет решить комплекс технологических задач управления тепловым, газодинамическим и шлаковым режимами доменного процесса.
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Book chapters on the topic "Technological cooling modes"

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Emmett, Stevan R., Nicola Hill, and Federico Dajas-Bailador. "Principles of clinical pharmacology." In Clinical Pharmacology for Prescribing. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199694938.003.0009.

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Pharmacology is defined as the study of the effects of drugs on the function of a living organism. It is an inte­grative discipline that tackles drug/ compound behaviours in varied physiological systems and links these to cellular and molecular mechanisms of action. As a scientific endeavour, pharmacology evolved from the early identification of therapeutic properties of nat­ural compounds, with herbal medicines and relatively complex pharmacopoeias widely used in early cultures. Despite this, lack of understanding of the physio­logical, pathological, and chemical processes governing the human body prevented the early establishment of pharmacology as a scientific discipline. Since then, pharmacology has progressed to be considered a fully developed integrative science that employs techniques and theories from various disciplines, such as chemistry, biochemistry, genomics, medicinal chemistry, physi­ology, and cellular and molecular biology. Collectively, these are applied to study disease causality and the rele­vant mechanistic action of compounds, to establish new treatments. In the last 100 years, the importance of clinical pharmacology has increased in line with the scientific and technological advances in biomedical research. Benefits gained from molecular and cellular approaches have enabled a more comprehensive analysis of drugs and their actions in functional context. Now, clinical pharmacology and therapeutics encompass the dis­covery, development, regulation, and application of drugs in a process that integrates scientific research with clinical practice to better treat illness and preserve health. Within this textbook the principles of pharmacology are discussed by therapeutic area so that the reader can link disease pathophysiology, drug mechanism, and modern prescribing behaviours for conditions commonly seen in clinical practice. There are, however, fundamental concepts that are universal in understanding the interaction between drugs and their ‘targets’, including receptor pharmacology, genomic pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics. The pharmacological receptor models preceded by many years the knowledge of the receptor as an entity. It was not until the last 150 years that a series of contributions from many notable biologists and chemists established the principles that founded modern day pharmacology. They produced a significant paradigm shift in therapeutics, where empirical descriptors of the activities observed (heating, cooling, moistening, emetic, etc.) were replaced by the concept of a ‘target’. After more than a century, the basic receptor concept is still the foundation of biomed­ical research and drug discovery.
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Conference papers on the topic "Technological cooling modes"

1

Nogues, M., M. Valles, M. Bourouis, D. Boer, and A. Coronas. "Absorption-Compression Heat Pump for Space Heating and Cooling Using Organic Fluids." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1290.

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Abstract The combination of compression and absorption technologies can provide heat pumps with high efficiency and a wide operating range. The aim of this research project lies in the development and testing of a gas-fired double effect absorption-compression heat pump working with organic pairs for space heating and cooling. For these applications, the use of suitable organic working pairs makes possible heat pump operation at higher temperature lifts than that of conventional water-lithium bromide systems. In our research, the combination Methanol and Tetraethylenglycoldimethylether (TEGDME) has been selected as working pair. The heat pump is targeted to operate in both cooling and heating modes. Therefore, the basic structure of the heat pump is an absorption-compression double effect cycle for cooling mode, that can be switched to a single effect cycle, in order to achieve the required higher temperature lift for the heating operation. The nominal working conditions for cooling are 5°C at the evaporator and 35 to 45°C at me absorber-condenser. These conditions can be achieved with a double effect absorption-compression cycle. Different solution circuit flow configurations as serial, parallel and reverse flow have been considered. The heating operation of the heat pump aims at a temperature of the useful delivered heat between 45 and 60°C for an evaporator temperature of 0°C. In order to achieve the required temperature lift with an attractive performance (COP in the heating mode higher than unity), the unit should operate as a single effect absorption-compression heat pump. The performance analysis was based on a thermodynamic model considering the equilibrium properties of the working pair and energy and mass balances in the different components. Results in both operating modes have been evaluated in terms of the solution flow rate, the coefficient of performance COP and the primary energy ratio PER. Very interesting performances are found even for high temperature lifts. The serial flow configuration has been selected due to its good performance and technological aspects. This work forms part of the project CLIMABGAS. A prototype of this heat pump is under construction for a cooling power of 20 kW and a heating power of 24.5 kW.
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Fedorov, Sergey S., Mykhailo V. Gubynskyi, Igor V. Barsukov, Mykola V. Livitan, Oleksiy G. Gogotsi, and Upendra Singh Rohatgi. "Modeling the Operation Regimes in Ultra-High Temperature Continuous Reactors." In ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-22161.

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The main advantage of carbon material treatment in electro-thermal furnaces with fluidized bed [EFFB] at 2000–3000C is that they allow producing graphite of high chemical purity, which is especially important in manufacture of ion-lithium batteries. The team conducted extensive research into hydraulic and heat modes of such units and developed a methodology for their design based on the concept of increase in electric resistance with fluidization. The choice of the working space configuration and the operation mode of EFFB are largely determined by the specific electrical resistance [SER] of the fluidized bed. This parameter is a complex function of a number of factors: fluidization character, uniformity of the bed and the temperature, nature and size of the material fractions, current density and furnace atmosphere composition. It is vital to take into account relationships between SER, working temperature T and current density i, which eventually define electrothermal mode of the unit operation. Thus, if graphite size is d = 130μm within temperature range T = 0–2500C and current density i = 0,004–1.0 A/cm2, SER varies in reverse proportion to these parameters Statistic processing of the experimental data allowed to obtain regressive function SER = f (i, t), which we used as the basis of mathematic modeling, heat balance calculation and predicting transitory and operation modes of EFFB with 10kg/hour productivity: SER=0.01.84.711-2.,593*10-2.T-46.854*i+1.205*10-2.T*i,Ω-m′ Resulting volt-ampere characteristics (VACs) of the furnace have maximum values at constant temperature (T = const) which is explained by the non-linear character of the SER function. There exists a technological temperature limit of EFFB responsible for its stable operation. The furnace operation beyond the stability margin depends on the power source characteristics which may cause a sharp power drop or a shorting. The VAC characteristics are determined by the type of material, geometry of the furnace working space, electrode diameter, active zone height, the gap between the electrode and the lining, design of heat insulation and the cooling system. Taking these parameters into consideration, it is possible to conduct a preliminary analysis of the unit stable operation modes as early as during the design stage.
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Morozov, A. V., O. V. Remizov, and A. S. Soshkina. "Experimental Study of Feed Water Level Decreasing Effect on VVER Steam Generator Model Operation in Condensation Mode." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-16470.

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The essential technological distinctions of the AES-2006 project with VVER-1200 reactor, equipped with passive safety systems, determine some specifics in the character of accidents with the coolant leaks from the reactor primary circuit and the refusal of active part of the emergency core cooling system. In the case of an accident with depressurization of the reactor primary circuit, the system of passive heat removal (PHRS) ensures the transition of steam generators (SG) into the mode of steam condensation. As a result, a condensate comes to the core, providing its additional cooling. But in the case of beyond design basis accident the rupture of second circuit pipelines or PHRS steam-condensation path is possible. At such type of accidents the feed water level in SG vessel will be decrease, what can results in the deterioration of its condensation power. For experimental investigation of the condensation mode of VVER steam generator, a large scale HA2M-SG test facility was constructed in IPPE. The test facility incorporates VVER reactor SG model with volumetric-power scale of piping is 1:46, PHRS heat exchanger imitator, cooling by process water and buffer tank, equipped by steam supply system from the IPPE heat power plant. The facility main equipment connected by pipelines and equipped by valves. The elevations of the main equipment correspond to those of reactor project. Experiments at the HA2M-SG test facility have been performed at the pressure 0.36 MPa, correspond to VVER reactor pressure at the last stage of the beyond design basis accident. On the base of the results of these experiments the correlation of condensation power from feed water level in SG model was obtained. The results of carried out tests make it possible to draw a conclusion about sufficiently large stability of VVER steam generator working in condensation mode to feed water level decreasing.
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Xiong, Zhixiang, and Yin Luo. "Energy Saving Analysis and Improvement of Cooling Circulating Water System in M199 Technological Process." In ASME 2017 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2017-69513.

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M199 is a kind of traditional drug fungicide, which is utilized widely in agriculture. The cooling circulating water system of such a production line consumes so much energy as to build cooling water supply model based on reaction vessel heat transfer mechanism and cooling requirement. The problems of the system is caused from improper pump selection, unreasonable condition adjustment methods, unscientific management, and difficulty in energy consumption evaluation and so on. In order to increase operation efficiency of the system and reduce the waste of energy, this paper surveyed the situation of equipment installation and M199 technological process, then compare the existing energy consumption with that under a variable frequency speed regulation to identify the space for energy saving, eventually complete the analysis of assessment of energy consumption in the whole system. Water supply system of variable pressure and flow is utilized under the premise of meeting the requirement of M199 technological process according to the pump affinity laws and by considering the energy-saving in the pump themselves and their systems so as to refurbish the system and realize the reduction of energy and production costs.
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Prokop, Roman, Radek Matusu, and Jiri Vojtesek. "A Robust And Adaptive Approach To Control Of A Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor With Jacket Cooling." In 35th ECMS International Conference on Modelling and Simulation. ECMS, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7148/2021-0185.

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Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTR) are one of the main technological plants used in chemical and biochemical industry. These systems are quite complex with many nonlinearities and the conventional linear control with fixed parameters can be questionable or sometimes unacceptable. The solution should be found in so-called “non-traditional” control approaches like adaptive, robust, fuzzy, or artificial intelligent methods. One way is the utilization of self-tuning adaptive schemes, but computations may be quite difficult, clumsy and time-consuming. This paper brings an alternative principle called a robust approach and the comparison of the robust and adaptive control responses. Robust control considers a CSTR model as a linear system with parametric uncertainty, which covers a family of all feasible plants. Then several controllers with fix parameters are designed so that for all possible plants, the acceptable control behavior is obtained. The two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) structure for the control law was chosen. Both robust and adaptive control is applied to an original nonlinear model of a CSTR. All calculations and simulations of mathematical models and control responses were performed in the Matlab and Simulink environment.
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6

Elebiary, K., and M. E. Taslim. "Experimental/Numerical Crossover Jet Impingement in an Airfoil Leading-Edge Cooling Channel." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-46004.

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Technological advancement in gas turbine field demands high temperature gases impacting on the turbine airfoils in order to increase the output power as well as the thermal efficiency. Leading-edge is one of the most critical and life-limiting sections of the airfoil which requires intricate cooling schemes to maintain a robust design. In order to maintain coherence with a typical external aerodynamic blade profile, cooling processes usually take place in geometrically complex internal paths where analytical approaches may not provide a proper solution. In this study, experimental and numerical models simulating the leading-edge and its adjacent cavity were created. Cooling flow entered the leading-edge cavity through the crossover ports on the partition wall between the two cavities and impinged on the internal surface of the leading edge. Three flow arrangements were tested: 1,2) flow entering from one side (root or tip) of the adjacent cavity and emerging from either the same side or the opposite side of the leading-edge cavity and 3) flow entering from one side of the adjacent cavity and emerging from both sides of the leading-edge cavity. These flow arrangements were tested for five crossover-hole settings with a focus on studying the heat transfer rate dependency on the axial flow produced by upstream crossover holes (spent air). Numerical results were obtained from a three-dimensional unstructured computational fluid dynamics model with 1.1 million hexahedral elements. For turbulence modeling, the realizable k–ε was employed in combination with enhanced wall treatment approach for the near wall regions. Other available RANS turbulence models with similar computational cost did not produce any results in better agreement with the measured data. Nusselt numbers on the nose area and the pressure/suction sides are reported for jet Reynolds numbers ranging from 8000 to 55000 and a constant crossover hole to the leading-edge nose distance ratio, Z/Dh, of 2.81. Comparisons with experimental results were made in order to validate the employed turbulence model and the numerically-obtained results. Results show a significant dependency of Nusselt number on the axial flow introduced by upstream jets as it drastically diminishes the impingement effects on the leading-edge channel walls. Flow arrangement has immense effects on the heat transfer results. Discrepancies between the experimental and numerical results averaged between +0.3% and −24.5%, however correlation between the two can be clearly observed.
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7

Srinivasan, Srikanth, Shaikha Al-Suwaidi, and Reza Sadr. "Design of a Mini Heat Sink Based on Constructal Theory for Electronic Chip Cooling." In ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2014-22021.

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New technological advancements in electronic circuits and computer engineering have increased the need for better cooling systems; liquid cooling of electronic components seems to offer a solution for this problem. An important part of such solution is to design a compact cooling channel system that offers a uniform temperature distribution over the part to be cooled. This work investigates the application of constructal theory for the design of a compact double sided cooling pad for such applications. Fluid enters the two networks, on the top and bottom of the pad, via a single inlet inside a separating layer between them. The heated fluid then collected at the periphery of the channel network. An exit port is then attached to a collection well for the exit flow. Numerical method is used to redesign flow passage dimensions inside the heat sink and optimize fluid outlet layout to ensure uniform heat removal and temperature distribution in the pad. A sample model of the actual device is built; using advanced 3D printing technology, for flow study. Flow pattern, temperature distribution, and the resulted pressure drop for the designed heat sink are presented for different flow rates.
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8

Krishnan, Shankar, Steve Leith, and Terry Hendricks. "Enhanced Gas-Side Heat Transfer in Rectangular Micro-Honeycombs." In ASME 2012 6th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2012-91223.

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Gas and air-side heat transfer is ubiquitous throughout many technological sectors, including HVAC (heating, ventilating, and air conditioning) systems, thermo-electric power generators and coolers, renewable energy, electronics and vehicle cooling, and forced-draft cooling in the petrochemical and power industries. The poor thermal conductivity and low heat capacity of air causes air-side heat transfer to typically dominate heat transfer resistance even with the use of extended area structures. In this paper, we report design, analysis, cost modeling, fabrication, and performance characterization of micro-honeycombs for gas-side heat transfer augmentation in thermoelectric (TE) cooling and power systems. Semi-empirical model aided by experimental validation was undertaken to characterize fluid flow and heat transfer parameters. We explored a variety of polygonal shapes to optimize the duct shape for air-side heat transfer enhancement. Predictions using rectangular micro-honeycomb heat exchangers, among other polygonal shapes, suggest that these classes of geometries are able to provide augmented heat transfer performance in high-temperature energy recovery streams and low-temperature cooling streams. Based on insight gained from theoretical models, rectangular micro-honeycomb heat exchangers that can deliver high performance were fabricated and tested. High- and low-cost manufacturing prototype designs with different thermal performance expectations were fabricated to explore the cost-performance design domain. Simple metrics were developed to correlate heat transfer performance with heat exchanger cost and weight and define optimum design points. The merits of the proposed air-side heat transfer augmentation approach are also discussed within the context of relevant thermoelectric power and cooling systems.
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Andreini, Antonio, Riccardo Becchi, Bruno Facchini, Lorenzo Mazzei, Alessio Picchi, and Fabio Turrini. "Adiabatic Effectiveness and Flow Field Measurements in a Realistic Effusion Cooled Lean Burn Combustor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-42584.

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Over the last ten years there have been significant technological advances toward the reduction of NOx emissions from civil aircraft engines, strongly aimed at meeting stricter and stricter legislation requirements. Nowadays, the most prominent way to meet the target of reducing NOx emissions in modern combustors is represented by lean burn swirl stabilized technology. The high amount of air admitted through a lean-burn injection system is characterized by very complex flow structures such as recirculations, vortex breakdown and precessing vortex core, that may deeply interact in the near wall region of the combustor liner. This interaction makes challenging the estimation of film cooling distribution, commonly generated by slot and effusion systems. The main purpose of the present work is the characterization of the flow field and the adiabatic effectiveness due to the interaction of swirling flow, generated by real geometry injectors, and a liner cooling scheme made up of a slot injection and an effusion array. The experimental apparatus has been developed within EU project LEMCOTEC and consists of a non-reactive three sectors planar rig; the test model is characterized by a complete cooling system and three swirlers, replicating the geometry of a GE Avio PERM (Partially Evaporated and Rapid Mixing) injector technology. Flow field measurements have been performed by means of a standard 2D PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) technique, while adiabatic effectiveness maps have been obtained using PSP (Pressure Sensitive Paint) technique. PIV results show the effect of coolant injection in the corner vortex region, while the PSP measurements highlight the impact of swirled flow on the liner film protection separating the contribution of slot and effusion flows. Furthermore an additional analysis, exploiting experimental results in terms of heat transfer coefficient, has been performed to estimate the net heat flux reduction (NHFR) on the cooled test plate.
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10

Sharma, Meeta, and Onkar Singh. "Energy and Exergy Investigations Upon Tri-Generation Based Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power (CCHP) System for Community Applications." In ASME 2017 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2017-4559.

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The continually increasing demand for electricity, cooling and heating accompanied by depleting energy sources, makes it inevitable to use the technologies to harness the available resources to their maximum capacity. The tri-generation systems are the advanced and popular technological option for efficient, reliable, flexible, and less polluting alternatives to utilize the conventional energy resources in an optimal way. In this work, the energy available with conventional fuel is utilized along with solar energy collected through parabolic trough collectors which are integrated with steam injected gas turbine cycle for combined power, heating and cooling requirements. Here a thermodynamic model has been developed for the considered tri-generation combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system and the detailed energy and exergy analysis is performed. The results obtained, by the thermodynamic modeling and analyses of CCHP system based on the first and second law of thermodynamics have been presented and conclusions are drawn from their analysis. This work provides the energy efficient solution for combined heating, cooling, and power for medium load in community usage which may require plant size in the range of 10–50 MW. However, the cost effectiveness depends on the relative cost of gas turbine fuel with respect to other alternate systems with alternate fuels.
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