Dissertations / Theses: 'Technological change'

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Köllinger, Philipp. "Technological change." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15417.

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Die vorliegende Dissertation beschäftigt sich hauptsächlich mit zwei Fragen: Erstens, welche Faktoren beein-flussen den Prozess, durch den sich neue Technologien unter Firmen verbreiten? Zweitens, welche Konsequen-zen ergeben sich aus der Verbreitung neuer Technologien? Beide Fragen beschäftigen sich mit der Dynamik des technologischen Wandels. Die Analyse wird am konkreten Beispiel von e-Business Technologien durchgeführt. Dabei werden insbesondere die Konsequenzen von interdependenten Technologien untersucht. Es wird ge-zeigt, dass es zu steigenden Erträgen der Adoption kommen kann, wenn verwandte Technologien sich nicht in ih-ren Funktionalitäten substituieren. Dies kann zu einer endogenen Beschleunigung der technologischen Entwick-lung führen. Dies bedeutet, dass die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Adoption einer Technologie mit der Anzahl der zu-vor adoptierten, verwandten Technologien ansteigt. Diese Theorie wird empirisch getestet und in vier verschie-denen Untersuchungen mit zwei verschiedenen, großen Datensätzen bestätigt. Die Existenz einer wachsenden di-gitalen Kluft in der e-Business Technologie-Ausstattung der Unternehmen wird für den Zeitraum von 1994-2002 nachgewiesen. Außerdem wird argumentiert, dass die Adoption neuer Technologien in Firmen strategische Bedeutung hat da sich daraus Möglichkeiten zur Durchführung von Innovationen ergeben. Diese können sich entweder durch redu-zierte Produktionkosten für bestehende Produkte, neue Produkte und Dienstleistungen, oder neue Distributions-kanäle manifestieren. Empirische Evidenz zeigt, dass e-Business Technologien derzeit wichtige Enabler von In-novationen sind und dass innovative Firmen mit höherer Wahrscheinlichkeit wachsen. Außerdem wird gezeigt, dass durch e-Business Technologien induzierte Innovationen gegenüber anderen Innovationsarten nicht inferior sind in Bezug auf deren gleichzeitiges Auftreten mit finanziellen Leistungsindikatoren. Die Arbeit diskutiert die Implikationen dieser Ergebnisse aus volks- und betriebswirtschaftlicher Perspektive.
This dissertation primarily deals with two questions: First, what determines the process by which new tech-nologies spread among enterprises over time? Second, what are the consequences of the spread of new technolo-gies? Both questions concern the dynamics of technological change. They are analyzed considering the diffusion and implications of e-business technologies as a concrete example. Particular attention is given to technological interdependencies. It is shown that increasing returns to adoption can arise if related technologies do not substitute each other in their functionalities. This can lead to an endoge-nous acceleration of technological development. Hence, the probability to adopt any technology is an increasing function of previously adopted, related technologies. The theory is empirically tested and supported in four inde-pendent inquiries, using two different exceptionally large datasets and different econometric methods. The exis-tence of a growing digital divide among companies is demonstrated for the period between 1994 and 2002. In addition, it is argued that the adoption of new e-business technologies by firms has strategic relevance be-cause this creates opportunities to conduct innovation, either to reduce production costs for a given output, to create a new product or service, or to deliver products to customers in a way that is new to the enterprise. Empiri-cal evidence is presented showing that e-business technologies are currently an important enabler of innovations. It is found that innovative firms are more likely to grow. Also, e-business related innovations are not found to be inferior to traditional kinds of innovations in terms of simultaneous occurrence with superior financial perform-ance of enterprises. Implications of these findings are discussed both for economists and management researchers.

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Muller, Annette. "Communicating technological change." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36322/1/36322_Muller_1998.pdf.

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The literature suggests that communication is important in all aspects of organising, and therefore important in the successful introduction of organisational change. It also suggests that Communication Style, in particular, is important in the uptake of technological change by employees; or alternatively that Communication Style is worthy of investigation as a likely source of beneficial influence. Based on the literature review, the study advanced the research question: Are workers' preferred communication styles associated with their level of appropriation of new technologies? In order to examine the research question three hypotheses were tested, namely: ♦ HI: Respondents, when rating communication items on the basis of effectiveness, will implicitly identify four communication styles. ♦ H2: Acceptors and rejectors of new technologies will be divided into two distinct groups. ♦ H3: There is a relationship between organisational members preferred communication styles and their appropriation of new technology. The hypotheses were examined by developing one survey instrument that measured communication style, and another instrument that measured appropriation of technology. In order to develop the Communication Style instrument, Dixon's (1998) items were modified to reflect a formal organisational context and the judgement criterion changed from richness to effectiveness. To develop the Appropriation instrument, items were developed that measured worker perception of the adoption of the technology in the organisation and also worker evaluation of general acceptance or rejection of the technology. A convenience sample was used, as it was considered adequate for an exploratory study. Exploratory factor analysis was used to reduce the data complexity of both the communication and the appropriation items. As well, the factor analysis was used to identify factors corresponding to communication styles and levels of appropriation. The study confirmed Dixon's 1998 study. The study lends some support towards the position that acceptors and rejectors of new technologies will be divided into two distinct groups, although not enough to allow its acceptance, as the distribution is too small to demonstrate a distinct bimodal distribution. The study identified those items that loaded most strongly on each communication factor to use as illustrative archetypes of the factor. Respondents were assigned to a communication style based on the factor on which they had the largest factor score. The mean scores of respondents assigned to communication styles for each archetypal item were obtained, and it was demonstrated that these scores were significantly different, using t-tests. Thus archetypal items for each communication style were identified, a result with important theoretical and practical implications. The study identified extreme appropriation factor scores, and crosstabulated these groups against Communication Style to examine whether there was an association between the two variables. The crosstabulation established such an association. That is, people who strongly accept or strongly reject technology tend to have different communication styles. The researcher conducted a focus group of four people chosen to represent a vertical slice through a university school. The purpose of the group was to help the researcher to reflect on the research project, its successes and failures, its strengths and weaknesses, with the aim of giving advice and direction to other researchers.

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Christensen, Kevin W. "Essays on technological change." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0014643.

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Gadelshina, Gyuzel. "Discursive leadership in technological change." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3187.

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This thesis is contributing to a greater understanding of discursive leadership by exploring as it happens in situ and by looking more closely at the daily interactional work of leadership actors in the process of technological change. In this thesis, I argue that many of the existing accounts of leadership in organisational studies have contributed to a widely accepted ‘grandiose’ image of leadership conceptualising the phenomenon as a pre-existing entity and a taken-for-granted privilege of people on the top of organisational hierarchy who are responsible for making the executive decisions. My view on leadership is different. It is less grandiose, more mundane, and fundamentally a reality-defining activity. Being intrigued by daily discursive practices of doing leadership - as moments of providing an ‘intelligible formulation’ of reality - I contribute to the discursive leadership agenda by following a social constructionist path. The ‘linguistic turn’ in social sciences is my point of departure towards embracing the social and linguistic aspects of leadership. My thesis contributes to the field of management and organisation studies by developing an analytical framework to study discursive leadership as an interactional accomplishment by elaborating and synthesising theoretical insights from organisational sensemaking, discursive leadership and the social studies of technology. The value of this framework informed by the principles of ethnomethodology is that it has the potential for providing a better understanding of how technological change is constructed, negotiated and accomplished through the daily discursive practices of leadership actors who make sense of and give sense to processes of technological change in organisations. Responding to the empirical challenge of tracing the everyday interactional constitution of discursive leadership, my study is based on an extensive dataset, including meeting observations, interviews, and documents obtained during a twelve-month fieldwork. Drawing on this data, I use a range of interpretive approaches; namely, ethnomethodologically-informed discourse analysis (EDA), conversation analysis (CA), membership categorisation analysis (MCA) and organisational ethnography that iv enabled me to undertake a painstaking exploration of discursive micro-granularity of members’ sensemaking accounts which I used as units of my analysis. My study advances the existing research on organisational sensemaking by analysing reasoning procedures through which leadership actors construct a meaningful sense of the technological change through accounts. By setting a micro-discursive lens on leadership as a situated discursive practice and giving priority to participants’ own sensemaking, I identified a repertoire of discursive devices used by leadership actors to make sense and to give sense to the technological change in an organisation. Through examining the interactional accomplishment of the leadership phenomenon, my research advances the existing work on organisational sensemaking by an empirical demonstration of the organising properties of leadership as ‘sensemaking in action’. My thesis contributes to the discursive leadership field by offering insights into category predication work of leadership actors which enable sensemaking and sensegiving about technological change through the processes of framing and reframing. Three vignettes (each comprising of a set of episodes) demonstrate the membership categorisation work in leadership interaction which includes the following processes: reconstituting a category, characterising a category and generating category constraints thus revealing how technological change is accomplished through discursive practice of leadership actors.

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Calel, Raphael. "Emissions trading and technological change." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/658/.

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Emissions trading programmes have grown in number and scope over the last forty years, and in the last decade they have become a centrepiece of global climate change policy. Emissions trading can in principle offer policy makers a flexible mechanism to reduce harmful emissions - polluters can choose their own emissions abatement strategy, and the trading mechanism can reduce overall abatement cost by flexibly redistributing emissions permits to those polluters that find abatement costliest. In the context of climate policy, though, it is the potential to stimulate innovation and technological change that is most alluring. Without transforming production, the quantity of emissions abatement will be insufficient; without technological change, the cost will be prohibitive. Emissions trading programmes are clearly not the only policy that affect technological change, but the extent to which these programmes encourage low-carbon technological change is perhaps still the most important criterion on which to judge their success or failure. Advances in monitoring, greater data availability, and improvements in statistical and computational techniques have only recently made it possible to systematically study the impacts of emissions trading on a large scale. In recent years, researchers have studied the impact of emissions trading programmes on company profitability, on employment, and on capital investment. This thesis aims to advance this research programme by contributing a systematic analysis of how emissions trading affects technological change. This thesis comprises four essays. The first essay examines past emissions trading programmes and the extent to which these experiences provide guidance on the ability of emissions trading programmes to affect low-carbon technological change in the future. The second essay investigates the degree to which economic theory can help constrain the range of expected impacts in a world of at east moderate complexity. The third and fourth essays present the first comprehensive empirical assessment of how the world's largest emissions trading programme, the EU Emissions Trading Scheme, has affected technological change, measured in terms of carbon dioxide intensity output, research and development, and patenting.

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Lamprou, Eleni. "Enacting technological change within organizations." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.495015.

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This thesis explores the enactment of technological change within organizations. Its point of departure is the performative stream of studies on change, as exemplified in the work of Feldman, Orlikowski, Tsoukas and Chia. Despite their invaluable contribution to elaborating the pervasiveness of change in organizations and the situatedness of organizational phenomena, it is argued that these studies present certain limitations. Specifically, they retain residual notions of stability and understandings of repetition within process-oriented accounts. Further, they do not fully explicate the relation between cognition and action and the implications of the materiality of technological artefacts, roughly, information systems, on the enactment process. In addressing such limitations, this thesis conceptualizes the enactment of technological change within organizations as an instance of organizational becoming. Drawing from the insights of Heidegger and Deleuze, organizational becoming is understood as a process which affects -in the double meaning of the term - members situated within organizational practices and arrangements of technological artefacts. It involves experiencing the recurring expression of `difference' within `disconcerting events', accommodating it through `intensive' cognition and, ultimately, `passively' following certain paths to resolve such events. As an instance of organizational becoming, technological change is guided towards restoring the transparency of organizational practice, which has been disturbed, yet, is driven forward, through a newly introduced information system. This thesis is grounded on an extensive empirical study of the enactment of technological change across three practices within two organizations. In approaching the fields, `ethnography of methods' was opted as the most appropriate research strategy, as it allows an in-depth understanding of the methods which organizational members employ as to accommodate emerging disconcerting events. In this thesis, the unfolding of the enactment process across the observed practices is presented and a number of generic devices for accommodating emerging disconcerting events is identified and explicated.

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Linn, Joshua. "Profit incentives and technological change." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32404.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2005.
"June 2005."
Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis is a collection of three empirical essays on the effect of profit incentives on innovation and technology adoption. Chapter 1, written with Daron Acemoglu, investigates the effect of (potential) market size on entry of new drugs and pharmaceutical innovation. Focusing on exogenous changes driven by U.S. demographic trends, we find a large effect of potential market size on the entry of non-generic drugs and new molecular entities. These effects are generally robust to controlling for a variety of supply-side factors and changes in the technology of pharmaceutical research. Chapter 2 investigates the effect of price-induced technology adoption on energy demand in U.S. manufacturing. I use plant data from the Census of Manufactures, 1967-1997, and identify technology adoption by comparing the energy efficiency of entrants and incumbents. I find a statistically significant effect of technological change, though the magnitude is small relative to changes in energy use due to factor substitution. The results suggest that technological change can reduce the long run effect of energy prices on growth, but by significantly less than previous research has suggested. Chapter 3 studies the response of the manufacturing sector to a carbon tax. I estimate long run price elasticities for fuels and electricity, exploiting the ability of entering plants to choose their technology in response to expected prices. A tax of $10 per metric ton of carbon would reduce emissions by 2 percent arid raise operating costs by 8 percent in the short run. Emissions would be 5 percent lower in the long run, and costs would be 5 percent higher.
(cont.) The tax would make plants more vulnerable to subsequent natural gas and distillate oil price shocks, and less sensitive to coal, residual and electricity shocks. Exit would increase by 0.2 percentage points.
by Joshua Abraham Linn.
Ph.D.

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Wielandt, Hanna Friederike. "Technological change, polarization and inequality." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17340.

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Die vorliegende Dissertation umfasst vier Essays, in denen die Rolle von technologischem Fortschritt für die Beschäftigungs- und Lohnentwicklung in Deutschland in den vergangenen 30 Jahren untersucht wird. Die empirische Analyse nutzt die räumliche Variation in der Verteilung der Beschäftigungsanteile von Routinetätigkeiten, die durch Informationstechnologien substituierbar sind. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Arbeitsmärkte, die besonders durch Automatisierung betroffen sind, eine stärkere Polarisierung der Berufsstruktur zwischen 1979 und 2006 erfahren haben, d.h. eine Verschiebung der Beschäftigung von Routineberufen (Büro- und Produktionsberufe) hin zu kognitiven und manuellen Nicht-Routineberufen (Fach- und Führungskräfte bzw. Dienstleistungsberufe). Aufbauend auf diesen Ergebnissen zeigt der zweite Aufsatz, dass technologischer Fortschritt positiv zu intra- und interregionaler Lohnungleichheit beiträgt. Der dritte Aufsatz untersucht die Wechselwirkung zwischen dem durch technologischen Wandel getriebenen Beschäftigungsanstieg am unteren Ende der Lohnverteilung und Beschäftigungschancen von Arbeitnehmern mit Migrationshintergrund. Die Ergebnisse stehen im Einklang mit der Hypothese, dass der technologisch bedingte Rückgang in der Nachfrage nach Routinetätigkeiten und die damit verbundene Reallokation in Berufe mit geringem Qualifikationslevel zu einem Anstieg des Wettbewerbsdrucks im Niedriglohnsektor führt, in dem ausländische Arbeitnehmer oftmals Beschäftigung finden. Der vierte Aufsatz beschäftigt sich mit der langfristigen Entwicklung der Zeitarbeit in den regionalen Arbeitsmärkten in Deutschland in den vergangenen 30 Jahren und zeigt, dass die anfängliche Verteilung der Beschäftigungsanteile für manuelle Nicht-Routinetätigkeiten und insbesondere für Routinetätigkeiten eine starke Vorhersagekraft für das regionale Beschäftigungswachstum von Zeitarbeit in Deutschland besitzt.
This thesis studies the role of technological change as a determinant of employment and wage trends in Germany over the past 30 years. The econometric analysis exploits spatial variation in the exposure to technological progress which arises due to initial regional specialization in routine task-intensive activities. The empirical evidence suggests that the occupational structure of labor markets that were particularly susceptible to technological change has polarized, as employment shifted from middle-skilled routine clerical and production occupations not only to high-paying professional occupations but also to low-paying service and construction occupations. Building on these results, the second essay explores whether and to what extent increasing labor market inequality within and across regions is driven by technological change and establishes a positive link between intra-regional wage inequality and computerization. Because of substantial variation in the degree of technology exposure across German regions, technological change can also in part explain rising inter-regional wage inequality. The third essay investigates the interaction between polarization in the native labor market and employment opportunities of immigrant workers in Germany. The findings are consistent with a technology induced reallocation of labor from middle-paying routine tasks towards lower-paying non-routine manual tasks inducing additional competitive pressure in this labor market segment in which immigrant workers are typically employed. Finally, the fourth essay provides an empirical analysis of the diverging patterns of employment in temporary help services across labor markets in Germany over the last 30 years. The differential growth pattern both at the level of occupations and across regional labor markets are found to be related to the initial intensity of routine and non-routine manual tasks.

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Gustafsson, Peter. "Essays on trade and technological change." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Economic Research Institute, Stockholm School of Economics (EFI), 2006. http://www2.hhs.se/EFI/summary/709.htm.

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Baussola, Maurizio. "Technological change, diffusion and output growth." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/58594/.

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The thesis presents a critical review of both traditional and new growth models emphasising their main implications and points of controversy. Three main research directions have been followed, refining hypothesis advanced in the sixties. We first find models which follow the learning by doing hypothesis and therefore consider knowledge embodied in physical capital. The second class of models incorporate knowledge within human capital while the third approach considers knowledge as generated by the research sector which sells designs to the manufacturing sector producing capital goods. A typical outcome of such models is the existence of externalities which causes divergence between market and socially optimal equilibria. Policy intervention aimed at subsidising either human capital or physical capital is thus justified. Empirical analysis has received new impetus from the theoretical debate. However, past empirical tests are mainly based on heterogeneous cross section data which take into account mean growth rates over given periods of time, and ignore pure time series analysis. On empirical grounds, the role of investment in the growth process has been emphasised. This variable has also been decomposed to consider the impact of machinery and equipment investment alone. In this thesis we have underlined six aspects of endogenous growth models, which in our opinion reflect the main points of controversy: i) scale effects; ii) the treatment of knowledge as a production input; iii) the role of institutions; iv) the empirical controversy dealing with the robustness of growth regression estimates and the measurement of the impact of some crucial variables (e.g., investment) on growth; v) the simplified representation of R&D; vi) the absence of any discussion of diffusion phenomena. We then propose a new version of an R&D endogenous growth model, which explicitly incorporates the diffusion of innovations and permits comparison with results derived from other models which do not consider the diffusion process. In this new model the interaction between the sector producing final output and the sector producing capital goods generates the time path of diffusion and hence the growth rate of the economy. In this new model there is a clear growth effect of a change in the interest rate. Such a change, on the one hand, affects the determination of the value of human capital in research, and, on the other hand, affects the diffusion path of new producer durables. This is important for policy because policy aimed at stimulating growth may be mainly concerned with reductions of the interest rate and will thus cause a higher allocation to human capital in research and a larger supply (and use) of new intermediate goods. In addition, there is another clear growth effect which derives from changes in the parameter which defines the diffusion path of new capital goods. An increase in the value of this parameter again causes an increase in human capital devoted to research and an upward shift of the diffusion path, thus increasing the long-run growth rate. This result underlines the difference with previous R&D endogenous growth models in that we now have a clear distinction between the sectors producing and using new capital goods. The empirical implications of the theoretical models are then investigated by testing the causal link between R&D and investment, on the one hand, and output growth and investment on the other hand. Indeed, a crucial task of any empirical investigation dealing with endogenous growth theories is to explain the nature of the links between industrial research, investment and economic growth. There is much room for study in this framework, as there are still only a few studies analysing these relationships. Our analysis deals with both aggregate data for the US and UK economies and an intersectoral analysis for the US manufacturing sector. We have used a test procedure which allows us to analyse both the short-run and the long-run properties of the variables using cointegration techniques. We are able to test for any feedback between these variables, thus giving more detailed and robust evidence on the forces underlying the growth process. The results suggests that R&D Granger causes investment in machinery and equipment only in the US economy. However, there is evidence of long-run feed-back implying that investment may also affect R&D. In the UK economy there is no evidence for R&D causing investment nor is there strong evidence of long-run feed-back between the two variables. This suggests that the causal link between R&D and investment may not be thought of as a stylised fact in industrialised economies. We have also analysed the relationship between investment and output growth to test whether investment may be considered as the key factor in the growth process. We find little support for the hypothesis that investment has a long-run effect on growth. In addition, causality tests support bi-directional causality between these variables in the US economy while in the UK economy, output growth causes investment both in the shortrun and in the long-run.

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Okada, Toshihiro. "Economic growth and endogenous technological change." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271660.

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Ramanathan, Chandrasekhar. "Technological change and health care delivery." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38424.

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Grover, David. "Knowledge in pollution-saving technological change." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/517/.

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This thesis looks at the role that technical knowledge plays in the transition in industry away from pollution-intensive production methods. It uses econometric techniques and qualitative analysis to test three aspects of the relationship between knowledge and pollution-saving technological change-related outcomes, all in the context of US industry, and all with respect to conventional pollutants. The first paper observes that the level of industrial environmental R&D spending steadily declined from the late 1970s onward. Employing an estimation model with industry fixed effects, the hypothesis is tested that this decline was the result of the conditioning effect of greater flexibility in the design of the environmental policy on the environmental regulatory burden born by industry. The second paper investigates the sources of the change in SO2 intensity of electricity production undergone by electric power plants under the SO2 cap and trade program. Mixed methods including quantile regression are used to compare the effect of frontier technical knowledge on the extent of change undergone, relative to the effect of knowledge un-intensive techniques. The third paper investigates why a small number of inventions aimed at controlling pollution from automobiles turned out to be so much more technologically influential than the great majority of comparable inventions, which exerted very little technological influence at all. Negative binomial regression is used to test the effect of the composition of the stock of knowledge that the automobile companies brought to bear on the inventive process. These studies find that pollution-saving technological change is characterised more by the repurposing and adaptation of existing knowledge and by the churn among existing technologies, than by universal technological advance in dedicated environmental technologies. The implications for climate mitigation policy are discussed in the conclusions.

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Qian, Tiefeng. "Macro Economics Essays on Technological Change." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48965.

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The essay consists of three chapters. In chapter 1, I find that wages in U.S. regions have been diverging instead of converging from 1975 onward. This coincides with the period of accelerating skill-biased technological change. A decomposition of the divergence rate indicates three channels underlying the divergence: (1) an ever-widening wage gap between college graduates and high school graduates, (2) an increasing within-education group wage differential across regions, and (3) a concentration of skill composition across local labor markets. I then developed an endogenous skill-biased technology adoption model in which firms invest capital more intensively in regions with higher employment share of college graduates, explaining these three channels jointly. Finally I quantitatively assess the model by separately calibrating the regional aggregate production function; the results show that the relative skilled-labor efficiency has been persistently higher in skill-abundant regions, nevertheless the countrywide skill-biased technological change, is the main force making divergence happening. Chapter 2 studies energy-saving technological change in U.S. manufacturing sector, whose intensive margin and extensive margins are identified. I find that energy and capital are mostly complementary to each other, while labor is substitutive to energy-capital composite. However, a Cobb-Douglas nesting of labor is rejected. Quantitative exercise shows that in the post-crisis period, within in industry energy-saving technological change accounts for the largest proportion of the aggregate sectoral energy efficiency promotion in the long run. In contrast, in the short run, factor adjustment combined with sectoral shift accounts for the largest proportion of energy intensity reduction. Lastly, I provide evidence that structural change has taken place around the oil crisis in 1970s, which is consistent with the existing literature. In chapter 3, I documented the increasing dispersion of skill composition across different areas in the U.S. Meanwhile, the U.S. Housing Market has experienced a dramatic increase in the housing price, as well as a similarly increase in its dispersion across metropolitan areas. A set of related stylized facts are documented in this paper. First, the real wage goes similarly as real housing prices, but quantitatively different. Second, the rents and housing prices have not been going in the exactly same way, in terms of first two moments. Third, we find that local income inequality is positively correlated to the local housing price level. Based on these observations, we build a model where a dispersed skill-biased technology change can account for all the phenomena at the same time.
Ph. D.

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Aronson, Meredith Alexandra. "Technological change: West Mexican mortuary ceramics." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186595.

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This study investigates prehistoric West Mexican mortuary activities as technological systems. That is, the production, distribution, and use of mortuary ceramics are considered within a social context. Changes in technology are related to social and ideational changes in the society. In the past, interest in West Mexico has been stimulated by the large number of Pre-columbian ceramic figurines found in museums and private collections worldwide. Lacking more specific information, the art world created a "cult of the dead" to describe the people who made these figurines. Today, evidence on mortuary behavior and lifeways clearly demonstrates that these people were involved in many kinds of activities. This study aims to define mortuary activity within a context of technological, social, and ideational structures. Within this framework, technological changes occurring between the late Formative and the Classic period (200 B.C. to A.D. 700) at two small sites in the Valley of Atemajac were compared to changes occurring at the center of the region, 50 kilometers away. Technical analysis of the artifacts using optical, electron optical, and x-ray techniques was carried out. When combined with grosser archaeological categories regarding the treatment of the interred, and the distribution of artifacts within and between tombs, this resulted in a technological reconstruction of the production, distribution, and use of the mortuary ceramics. This technological reconstruction was placed within a regional context, based on inferences built from settlement pattern and architectural data as well as ethnohistoric records. Technological reconstruction resulted in the unconditional conclusion that the technical, social and ideational changes seen in the Valley of Atemajac could only be due to a discontinuity in site occupation, and later resettlement by outsiders.

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Pedroni, Marcelo Zouain. "Endogenous growth with deferred technological change." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/2716.

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Lucas (2009) has proposed a two-sector model to account for patterns in growth data. However, Lucas’s analysis does not involve any inter-temporal decision by the consumers. The behavior of the variables is determined a priori by the technology that is chosen. Rodriguez (2006) proposed a model with the twosector technology presented by Lucas adding an inter-temporal decision process for the consumer. In addition to the results obtained by Rodriguez, we characterize sufficiency and provide elucidating examples of particular cases of the model. Moreover, we make an effort to derive new insights from the model and clarify some technical points. Finally, we obtain conditions under which the economy invests in human capital even though benefits are deferred.
Lucas (2009) propôs um modelo com dois setores para explicar padrões observados em dados de crescimento. Entretanto, a análise de Lucas não envolve uma decisão intertemporal para o consumidor. O comportamento das variáveis é determinado à priori pela tecnologia escolhida. Rodriguez (2006) propôs um modelo com a tecnologia com dois setores apresentada por Lucas adicionando um processo de decisão intertemporal para o consumidor. Adicionalmente aos resultados obtidos por Rodriguez, nós caracterizamos suficiência e apresentamos exemplos esclarecedores de casos particulares do modelo. Ademais, nós fazemos um esforço para derivar novos insights e esclarecer alguns pontos técnicos. Finalmente, nós obtemos condições sob as quais a economia investe em capital humano mesmo com benefícios diferidos.

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Liko, Enerlida <1991&gt. "ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE: The role of environmental policy in directing technological change toward renewable energies." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/13154.

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Inaction to climate change implies costs to the society in terms of natural disasters, slowdown of world food production, increasing vulnerability and poverty, spread of diseases and others. Taking action against climate change by reducing greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions also produces costs, since moving from a fossil-fuel energy system to a low-carbon one requires significant investments into green innovations. However, the costs associated with the abatement of GHGs gases emissions can be lowered if environmental policy is shaped in a way to influence the direction of technical change toward clean innovations. For environmental policy to be cost-efficient in reducing GHGs emissions and promoting a low-carbon energy system, it is important to understand how environmental policy affects technological change and which instruments of environmental policy are better in directing technological change toward clean innovations. These two topics have attracted a lot of attention in economic literature, providing significant insights on the relation between environmental policy and technological change. According to the literature, environmental policy does promote innovation in the context of renewable energy innovations. Besides the aggregate impact of environmental policies on renewable energy innovations, scholars agreed that different environmental policy instruments direct technological change toward different and specific types of clean innovations. The aim of the dissertation is to support these views in order to highlight the crucial role of environmental policies in promoting a low-carbon energy system.

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Howarth, Nicholas A. A. "The political economy of technological change, energy and climate change." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:96957dc1-2bc8-466f-8963-4a7edbc0569c.

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This thesis sets out to explore some of the key dimensions in the process of socio-technological change inherent in the shift to a low carbon economy. This is done in two parts, the first focusing on theory, the second, empirical case studies. Out of the diversity of interactions between actors, technologies, and policies surrounding this process, one key question emerges: can societies really shift the structure of their economies so fundamentally to achieve a low carbon future within a reasonable timeframe? Chapter One develops an integrated approach to economic and political change to interrogate this question. This synthesizes a review of literature (Part One) examining the role of technology within some of the main theories of economic change in the social sciences. Two broad paradigms are distinguished. First, a paradigm based around the notion of equilibrium, notably the standard welfare approach of neoclassical economics; and secondly, an evolutionary paradigm, which views the economy as a complex adaptive system – such as exemplified by theories of path dependency. This theoretical background provides a broad narrative to frame and inform Part Two of the thesis. First in Chapter Four, socio-technical change is investigated in the context of the diffusion of energy efficient lighting in Germany. This study investigates the relationships between human behaviour and attitudes, lamp technology and the evolving nature of institutions, to provide a framework with which to consider the contentious issue of individual freedom versus government control in the politics of change to lower-carbon emissions. In Chapter Five, the case for the creation of a market for CO2 pollution permits is developed. In making this case, the strengths and weaknesses of emissions trading are compared and contrasted with other policy instruments and the broader political economy of the various policy options discussed. Chapter 6 builds on this to examine the political economy of implementing an emissions trading scheme in Australia and the impact the Kyoto Protocol has had on domestic politics and GHG mitigation. Chapter Seven continues with the theme of building ‘a political ecology of the state’ by investigating the politics and economics of greenhouse gas mitigation in Russia. Finally, Chapter Eight recapitulates the aims, nature and conclusions of this research and draws out its implications for policy as well as mapping out some areas for further research. In particular, the need to bring a greater sense of politics back into the study of the economy is highlighted as a vital part of building a renewed, more sustainable economic paradigm in the wake of the financial crisis and, as a way of strengthening the connection between social values and market outcomes.

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Medapati, Kalyan Reddy. "Technological stock and the rate of technical change." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-277.

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Since the dawn of the capitalist epoch, most advanced countries have seen more than a hundred fold change in their total products. This combined with a near five fold change in population size had brought a huge windfall of wealth in these countries. The main engine for this capitalist machine has been the accelaration of technical progress (Maddison, 1982). In this paper we investigate for the positive relationship between the existing stock of technology and accelaration of technical progress. We use the time series data from 1982-2002 to test our regression model. The model encapsulates annual patents turnover (proxy for acceleration of technical progress), patent stock (proxy for technological stock) and R&D expenditures of four advanced countries as the primary variables, where the former acts as the dependent variable and the later two act as the determinant variables. The model projects a highly significant positive relationship between technology stock and the pace of technological progress, endorsing our hypothesis.

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Linnskog, Leif. "Technological Change in an International Industrial System." Doctoral thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Business, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-245.

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Industrial systems resist change, more often, because heavy production facilities and industrial constructions are expensive and have long economic lives, but also because people tend to defend ingrained conceptions of how things are and how activities ought to be performed. Starting out from the question: “How does technological change come about in an international, industrial system?” the thesis investigates the interplay between technological, social, and economic factors. Empirically the work is located to the steel and metals industries and covers business exchange within and between several economic entities performing international business operations.

It is shown that technological change is driven by strategic intention, but that it also occurs as a result of chance or “necessity”, or follows on everyday enterprise operations. In an attempt to realize strategic intentions actors involve in games of negotiation while referring to different power bases. Backed by organizational role (hierarchic level/managerial position), personal “luminosity” (charisma/leadership), or control over critical resources (that other actors are interested in) various arguments are put to the test on “the arena for negotiations and change”. While involving in negotiations actors may relate to existing business and/or social relations for support or they may take advantage of full-blown coalitions.

Constrained by the games of negotiation, which unfold in an institutional environment, the process of technological change adopts evidently evolutionary characteristics, and it follows implicitly that the single actor has at its disposal only limited possibilities to determine the process outcome. Technological change as an evolutionary process consists of three underlying sub-processes, viz. innovation, interaction, and institutionalization, it is argued.

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Arthurs, David. "An evolutionary approach to modelling technological change." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq22441.pdf.

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Odegaard, Leiv Erik. "Technological Step-Change in Industrial Production Systems." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for industriell økonomi og teknologiledelse, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-25929.

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One of the most enduring issues in research on business strategy and organization is how firms can survive and achieve prosperity in the long run. A recurring answer to it is that firms must be ambidextrous: efficient in their conduct of today’s business while simultaneously being able to adapt to changes in the environment in the future. The recipe recommended to firms which strive for ambidexterity has often been to conduct two forms of innovation at the same time. Incremental innovations are smaller improvements in existing operations and must be pursued to enhance its efficiency. Radical innovations are concepts which are so new that they are incompatible with the existing organization and needed to stay ahead of and adapt to paradigm shifts in the technology and market. However, combining the pursuit of these innovations has proved difficult. The literature therefore suggests that they be carried out in separate organizational units, but the problem is then how firms can reap the synergies of them though integration. This thesis focuses on technological process innovation in industrial production systems. With this as a scope, it contributes to the understanding of ambidexterity in firms by exploring a new form of process innovation, technological step-change, which theoretically is positioned between incremental and radical innovation. Technological step-change is on one hand distinguished from radical innovation as it does not represent any shifts, but rather is related to the development of the existing production systems. On the other, it is distinguished from incremental innovation as it involves the introduction of new technological artifacts and larger, architectural changes in the system, and as such requires assistance from personnel with advanced technological knowledge. Based on a case study, a conclusion is that incremental innovations and step-changes reinforce each other and that the technology in step-changes has its origin in the radical innovation activities. Therefore, while the separated pursuits of incremental and radical innovations alone are largely independent of each other, technological step-changes form a link between the two and enable ambidexterity. It is furthermore found that step-changes are facilitated by the separation of incremental and radical innovation in distinct organizational units on one hand and integration with integrative mechanisms on the other.

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Gilbert, Myrna. "Technological change as a knowledge transfer process." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307571.

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Juca, Antonio. "Technological change and informal housebuilding in Brazil." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309432.

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Delbono, Flavio. "Technological change and the behaviour of firms." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254450.

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Athanasopoulos, A. A. "3 essays on technological change and welfare." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/67877/.

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In the first chapter of this Thesis, we examine an incumbent monopolist's incentives to upgrade his durable, network product in the subsequent period while facing a potential rival who may also produce a version of identical quality. We show that the incumbent firm may commit not to upgrade because he can charge sufficiently patient, forward looking consumers more in the present market when entry is certain and compatibility between the competitors' versions is mandatory. In fact, his commitment could be an additional factor of inefficiency while a potential or actual competitive threat could dissolve social optimality. When sequential, non-drastic innovation occurs with certainty, we show in the second chapter that the dominant market player may voluntarily support compatibility when he anticipates a moderately large quality improvement by the competitor for a fairly general set of assumptions regarding consumers' (un)willingness to postpone their purchase and the rival's (in)ability to price discriminate between the different customers' classes. This happens as strategic pricing allows the dominant firm to extract more of the higher total expected surplus that emerges when interoperability is present. Furthermore, we find that mandatory compatibility does not de-facto maximise social welfare, decreases consumer welfare and we identify no market failure when network effects are not particularly strong. For sufficiently innovative products and although compatibility is not supported by the dominant firm, consumers' welfare is maximised because of the lower prices that emerge due to the higher degree of competition that arises when interoperability is not present. In the third chapter, we consider discrete time, stochastic Research and Development [R&D] processes where both an initially dominant and a smaller rival are potential inventors. For sufficiently innovative future products, our first key result is that the dominant firm invests more when compatibility is present and voluntarily decides to supply interoperability information. This happens as the probability that he is the only inventor in the market increases when products are compatible, allowing him to enjoy a higher expected future profit that outweighs the lost current revenue. For economies whose existing market size is considerably large, the rival also demands compatibility while this is no longer true in industries with a relatively smaller number of existing consumers. For less innovative new versions, the dominant firm rejects compatibility and we also find that there is a cutoff in network externalities below which the dominant firm invests more when compatibility is not present. Regarding welfare, we find that a laissez faire Competition Law with respect to the Intellectual Property Rights holders is socially preferable.

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Okazawa, Ryosuke. "Technological Change, Employment, and Labor Market Policies." Kyoto University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/120728.

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Lai, Chi Leung. "Technological change and impact on employee behavior /." View abstract or full-text, 2008. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ISOM%202008%20LAI.

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Edwards, Monique Loyce. "Employee Lack of Acceptance of Technological Change." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6997.

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Approximately 70% of technology projects fail, which negatively impacts resources, productivity, and organizational profitability because of employees' lack of acceptance of technological change. The purpose of this single case study was to explore strategies some midlevel managers used to improve employees' lack of acceptance of technological change. The conceptual framework for this study was the technology acceptance model. Data were collected from semistructured interviews with 5 participants from a local government organization in the southwestern region of the United States and review of organizational documentation. Data analysis included Yin's 5 phases, methodological triangulation, and theme identification. Four themes emerged from data analysis: training, communication, involvement, and management support. Findings showed the importance of providing training when implementing technological change, communicating the change, and explaining how the change impacts employees throughout the organization. Findings also indicated that allowing employees to be involved in the technological change process and communicating management support of the technological change results in increased employee acceptance of the change. Implications of this study for positive social change include improving work products and conditions for employees and human and social conditions for residents of the local community. Findings may provide leaders with insights needed to integrate technological changes, and organizational and resource allocation efficiencies to improve services to employees, residents, and local businesses.

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Kerr, Prudence Marion. "Classical theories of endogenous growth and technological change." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284210.

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Walters, Christopher Francis. "Empirical models of technological change in industrial organisation." Thesis, London Business School (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419987.

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Shepherd, C. "Disestablishing the paradigms church, agnosticism and technological change." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.532264.

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Andersen, Hanne Birgitte. "Technological change and the evolution of corporate innovation." Thesis, University of Reading, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339495.

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Latreille, Paul Lewes. "Trade unions and technological change : an empirical analysis." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315574.

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O'Har, George Michael. "Shipbuilding, markets, and technological change in East Boston." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11763.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Science, Technology, and Society, 1995.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 222-241).
by George Michael O'Har.
Ph.D.

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Fischer, Manfred M., and Neil Aldermann. "Innovation and Technological Change: An Austrian-British Comparison." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1990. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4225/1/WSG_DP_0890.pdf.

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Inumidun, B. I. "The effect of technological change in environmental economics." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13033.

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Schurr, Kelly Laural. "Cognitive Structural Change and the Technological Design Process." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/22014.

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With increasing challenges from international competition and domestic demands for a technologically literate workforce, pressure is growing on the educational system to produce students that are literate in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Integrative STEM education utilizes design-based pedagogical approaches to teach science/math content and practices concurrently with technology/engineering content and practices (Wells & Ernst, 2012, para. 2). The discipline of technology education has traditionally implemented design-based pedagogical approaches. However, the discipline has not demonstrated through empirical research that its existence and pedagogies are beneficial to student learning and cognition (Lewis, 1999, 2006; Petrina, 1998; Wells, 2008, 2010; Zuga, 1994, 1997, 2001).
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that the technological design-based approach to teaching biotechnology literacy supports students\' connections of science and technology concepts. Grounded in Ausubel\'s (1968) theory on meaningful learning and Novak\'s (1980) advanced organizer of concept mapping, this study examined evidence of high school students\' cognitive structural change throughout the technological design-based approach to instruction. At three key intervals throughout the technological design process, students developed concept maps to document their understanding of the biology and technology concepts presented within the instructional materials. Data for this study included the students\' constructed concept maps. To analyze the concept maps, the researcher used Hay et al.\'s (2008) three-method analysis for measuring the quality of students\' learning, and a qualitative analysis.
Data analysis across all four methods indicated that all participants experienced a varying degree of growth in biology, technology, and integrative concepts and connections. Collectively this study supports the notion that the technological design-based approach to instruction does indeed (1) encourage meaningful learning, and (2) increase students\' use of higher order thinking indicated by their abilities to demonstrate their use of schematic and strategic knowledge within their concept maps. The results of this study have direct implications within the areas of Technology Education, Science Education, classroom practice, and concept mapping. The discussion and implications suggest the need to expand the research conducted within this study, and to improve the methods for concept mapping analysis.
Ph. D.

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Wang, Li-yan. "Teaching Art in an Age of Technological Change." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392038782.

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Lim, Dong-Joon. "Technological Forecasting Based on Segmented Rate of Change." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2220.

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Consider the following questions in the early stage of new product development. What should be the target market for proposed design concepts? Who will be the competitors and how fast are they moving forward in terms of performance improvements? Ultimately, is the current design concept and targeted launch date feasible and competitive? To answer these questions, there is a need to integrate the product benchmarking with the assessment of performance improvement so that analysts can have a risk measure for their R&D target setting practices. Consequently, this study presents how time series benchmarking analysis can be used to assist scheduling new product releases. Specifically, the proposed model attempts to estimate the "auspicious" time by which proposed design concepts will be available as competitive products by taking into account the rate of performance improvement expected in a target segment. The empirical illustration of commercial airplane development has shown that this new method provides valuable information such as dominating designs, distinct segments, and the potential rate of performance improvement, which can be utilized in the early stage of new product development. In particular, six dominant airplanes are identified with corresponding local RoCs and, inter alia, technological advancement toward long-range and wide-body airplanes represents very competitive segments of the market with rapid changes. The resulting individualized RoCs are able to estimate the arrivals of four different design concepts, which is consistent with what has happened since 2007 in commercial airplane industry. In addition, the case study of the Exascale supercomputer development is presented to demonstrate the predictive use of the new method. The results indicate that the current development target of 2020 might entail technical risks considering the rate of change emphasizing power efficiency observed in the past. It is forecasted that either a Cray-built hybrid system using Intel processors or an IBM-built Blue Gene architecture system using PowerPC processors will likely achieve the goal between early 2021 and late 2022. This indicates that the challenge to improve the power efficiency by a factor of 23 would require the maximum delay of 4 years to reach the Exascale supercomputer compared to the existing performance curve.

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Joseph, Stephan Emanuel. "Analysis and Evaluation of Climate Change Policies and their Interaction with Technological Change." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/402147.

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The core analysis of this work is divided in three different but thematically related studies, analysing, first, how climate change policies can help to limiting global warming and one of its direct causes, the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG); second, how such policies can foster “green” technological change; and, third, how technological change can help to reach ambitious policy goals outlined in Europe’s 2020 climate and energy package. Respectively, in the first work with the title “Emission Abatement: Untangling the effects of the EU ETS and the Economic Crisis”, I seek to untangle the effects of the European Union Emission Trading System (EU EST) against the impact of the economic crisis 2008/2009 with respect to GHG emissions for sectors subject to the policy. Thereby, an Arellano-Bond regression is performed due to the dynamic character of the estimation equation. One of the major conclusions of this chapter is, that the EU ETS was only responsible for a minor part of emission abatement whilst the economic downturn accounted for the lion’s share which led to the built-up of an excess of emission allowances in the market and hampered policy stringency under the EU ETS. In the second study “Policy Stringency under the European Union Emission Trading System and its Impact on Technological Change in the Energy Sector”, therefore, I am interested to analysis how this negative evolution, on the one side, and an increase of stringency, on the other, affects innovative activity. For this reason, I relate two measures for policy stringency, namely the certificate oversupply in the market and the transition from phase I to phase II under the EU ETS, to “green” technological change approximated by climate change mitigation technology (CCMT) patent counts. Thereby, I am interested to measure the effects of these two different but not mutually exclusive impacts on the estimated number of patents in my data sample. For this empirical exercise, I make use of a panel negative binomial estimator due to the distributional characteristics of the patent data in my data frame. The main results for this study is, that policy stringency matters in order to spur technological change. Thereby, greater stringency measured in the transition from phase I to phase II is related to an increase in the predicted number of patents. On the other side, decreasing stringency, measured by the excess supply of certificates in the market, is related to a decrease in the predicted number of patents. In the last work “Climate Change Mitigation and the Role of Technologic Change: Impact on selected headline targets of Europe’s 2020 climate and energy package” an impact assessment of these CCMTs is performed with respect to different policy goal measures of Europe’s 2020 climate and energy package. Thereby, I relate CCMT patents for energy generation and distribution to the goal of a 20% share of renewables in gross final energy consumption and well CCMTs to total final energy consumption and to final energy consumption in the transport sector, respectively, to the goal of a 20% increase in energy efficiency. As a regression method, a panel fixed effects approach is chosen. Thereby, the main observation is, that these technologies can make a different if goals are reached or not and, that penetration for final users differs among goals and sectors. In the last chapter, a summary of the obtained results is presented and the respective policy implications for the EU ETS and the development and deployment of CCMTs.

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Marling, Robin N. "Effective military innovation : technological and organizational dimensions." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Jun%5FMarling.pdf.

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Cuntz, Alexander N. "Three essays on open innovation, technological and institutional change /." kostenfrei, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:83-opus-23169.

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Parayil, Govindan. "Conceptualizing technological change : technology transfer in the green revolution /." Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08232007-112133/.

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Campbell, A. "Technological change and management in the British coal industry." Thesis, Brunel University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376053.

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Fujii, Olechko Dmitri. "Market structure, property rights and technological change in Mexico." Thesis, University of Essex, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411206.

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Smith, Russell Gary. "Economic restructuring in an era of radical technological change." Thesis, Open University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396827.

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Roberts, Jason Kelly. "The Awkward Ages| Film Criticism, Technological Change, and Cinephilia." Thesis, Northwestern University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3741433.

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This dissertation examines the rhetoric of popular and academic film criticism across moments of major technological change, focusing on the coming of sound, television broadcasts of movies, home video, and digital projection. Specifically, I investigate the appearance of four seemingly binary oppositions (change/continuity; specificity/convergence; scarcity/plenitude; and hope/disillusionment) constructed and deployed by film critics to ascertain the scope and value of these changes. In doing so, I uncover common responses to otherwise new and distinct cinematic technologies.

Although material and cultural differences distinguish these moments and their respective critical receptions, I argue that the persistence of these tropes belies claims frequently made by film critics that such changes represent “radical breaks.” My analysis of film criticism thus reminds us that both the use and interpretation of new technologies is contingent and relational, not determined by the technologies themselves. Technological determinism of this sort is stubbornly resilient among film critics, but viewed in the alternative perspective I propose, cinema and film criticism become interdependent mirrors of one another. Forged by humans and therefore lacking an immutable essence, cinema and film criticism are subject to being transformed, redefined, and reevaluated. Each must be understood as liberated from any medium-specific destiny; indeed, they are always the products of our invention, not objects of archaeological discovery. As I demonstrate, film critics meet such epistemological uncertainty ambivalently, evoking sensations of exhilaration and melancholy.

In tandem with my study of technological change, my study of cinephilia looks at the styles of thought and structures of feeling characteristic of serious film culture since the silent era. Whereas most studies of film criticism and technological change assess new styles or articulate new theories, I also contemplate technological change’s emotional resonances. In other words, I am interested not only in problems of filmmaking practice and modern technology, but also in probing the affective bonds connecting film critics to the medium. The Awkward Ages shows us, then, that film culture’s current crisis—the impact of digital technologies—is just the most recent instance of a larger pattern, whereby moments of major technological change simultaneously unsettle the myth of medium specificity, and provide an occasion for affirming the myth.

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Naqvi, Syed Ali Asjad, and Stockhammer Engelbert. "Directed Technological Change in a post-Keynesian Ecological Macromodel." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2017. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5809/1/SFC_DTC_WP_version.pdf.

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This paper presents a post-Keynesian ecological macro model that combines three strands of literature: the directed technological change mechanism developed in mainstream endogenous growth theory models, the ecological economic literature which highlights the role of green innovation and material flows, and the post-Keynesian school which provides a framework to deal with the demand side of the economy, financial flows, and inter- and intra-sectoral behavioral interactions. The model is stock-flow consistent and introduces research and development (R&D) as a component of GDP funded by private firm investment and public expenditure. The economy uses three complimentary inputs - Labor, Capital, and (non-renewable) Resources. Input productivities depend on R&D expenditures, which are determined by relative changes in their respective prices. Two policy experiments are tested; a Resource tax increase, and an increase in the share of public R&D on Resources. Model results show that policy instruments that are continually increased over a long-time horizon have better chances of achieving a "green" transition than one-of climate policy shocks to the system, that primarily have a short-run affect.
Series: Ecological Economic Papers

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Miller, Barbara Ann. "Employee Resistance to Disruptive Technological Change in Higher Education." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6623.

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Employees can be resistant to work-based change, specifically when the change is due to disruptive or new technology. The purpose of this descriptive phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of 20 Swiss-based educational employees adapting to online technologies introduced in their workplaces. Disruptive innovation theory provided the conceptual framework for the study. Data were collected using semistructured interviews with 20 purposely selected participants from 3 Swiss-based higher education campuses. The modified Van Kaam method was used to organize and analyze the data. Four themes from participants' responses were identified: educational employees are not resistant to technology-based change, educational employees can move forward and become excited even when frustrated, educational managers should develop commitment and a project-based focus to reduce additional expenditure of time and effort, and continued experience and personal development can enable technology use and reduce resistance. Findings from the study may be used to reduce employees' resistance to technological-based change in higher education. The successful development and use of online education tools by educators provides society with choices, mobility, flexibility, and a personalized approach to learning.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Technological change'

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