Journal articles on the topic 'Technological and non-destructive testing methods'
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1
Peta, Katarzyna, Jan Żurek, and Adam Patalas. "Non-destructive testing of automotive heat exchangers." MATEC Web of Conferences 244 (2018): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824403007.
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The paper presents the results of non-destructive testing to the final control of automotive heat exchangers, which must meet a number of technological and exploitative requirements resulting from their working conditions. For the observation of images of heat exchangers, verification of geometrical dimensions and identification of surface and volume defects, the used methods were: computed tomography (highresolution microtomograph Phoenix v|tome|x), three-dimensional optical scanning (3D GOM ATOS III optical scanner), coordinate measuring technique (coordinate measuring machine Hexagon Global Performance 122210). The effectiveness of nondestructive testing in industrial conditions was assessed and the directions of further research in this area were indicated.
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Lapidus, Azariy, Alan Khubaev, and Tembot Bidov. "Development of a three-tier system of parameters in the formation of the organizational and technological potential of using non-destructive testing methods." E3S Web of Conferences 97 (2019): 06037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199706037.
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The efficiency potential of organizational and technological solutions using the methods of non-destructive testing of the strength of monolithic structures in the construction of civil buildings and structures has been investigated. In this article scientific and technical hypothesis was compiled. It consists in the assumption of the possibility of developing a system for evaluating the organizational-technological potential of using non-destructive testing methods based on the method of qualimetric analysis. The four most significant groups of parameters were identified on the basis of this method. They can have a significant impact on the organizational and technological potential of using non-destructive testing methods. The orthogonal central compositional plan was chosen as the basis for planning the experiment. This will reduce the number of experiments in the formation of the potential to 25, and to assess the degree of influence of each production and technological module in the implementation of the construction project. The system of variation of groups of parameters consisting of three levels was formed for the purpose of further research based on the tree of goals. The basis for the mathematical apparatus is prepared. This unit characterizes the parameters of the object.
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Shupenev, A. E., N. S. Pankova, I. S. Korshunov, and A. G. Grigoriyants. "An Analysis of Non-Destructive Methods for Thin Film Thickness Measurement." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 4(709) (April 2019): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2019-4-18-27.
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The thickness of thin films determines the films’ unique properties, due to which they are widely used in optics and electronics. To measure the thickness of films in the range of 1 nm — 1 mcm during film deposition or on a finished product, it is important that non-destructive measurement methods should be used. An analysis of the most commonly used non-destructive methods for measuring and controlling the thickness of thin films is performed, with a possibility of in situ control of the technological process as well as for testing of finished products. This work describes theoretical and practical considerations of using reflection high-energy electron diffraction, piezoelectricity, interferometry and gravimetric methods for thin film thickness measurements. The results of the study can be used for selecting an optimal method of obtaining thin films when conducting theoretical and applied research.
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Zabelina, Olga. "Application of non-destructive methods of control within the inspection of concrete structures." E3S Web of Conferences 258 (2021): 09007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125809007.
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This paper discusses the main non-destructive quality control methods that are used in the inspection of both under construction and already existing concrete structures. Purpose of the work: to conduct a comparative analysis of non-destructive testing methods, to consider a practical example of their application in the survey of a building being reconstructed, to identify the essential points of the organization of non-destructive quality control, which must be taken into account when developing a site work execution program. Materials and methods: the application of methods of non-destructive testing, separation with spalling and the ultrasonic method of surface sounding, is considered in detail. Results: the results of the inspection of structures by the methods separation with spalling and the ultrasonic method of surface sounding are presented, the test conditions, basic requirements for correct data interpretation, and the necessary calculations are given. Recommendations are given for planning the quality control of concrete structures at the stage of organizational and technological preparation of construction. Conclusions: non-destructive quality control finds its application both in the construction of new facilities and in the inspection of existing buildings. The choice of the survey method is made at the stage of development of a site work execution program, while it is necessary to take into account the features and scope of application of a particular method, probable measurement error, it is also possible to use several methods in combination.
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Lapidus, Azary, Tembot, and Alan Khubaev. "Development software for the non-destructive control of monolithic structures in housing construction." E3S Web of Conferences 258 (2021): 09003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125809003.
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We describe in this article the developed software package. This software package improves the efficiency of the non-destructive quality control system for monolithic structures. The need to create a comprehensive tool was justified. This tool is capable of solving complex problems, both at the stage of technological design and during construction production. In construction, atypical heterogeneous tasks often arise that must be solved in conditions of financial, labor and time constraints. This is due to the specifics of the construction industry. A new direction - “the potential for the effectiveness of organizational and technological solutions” can solve this problem. Earlier studies of the potential for using non-destructive testing methods made it possible to form a scientific base for the formation of a comprehensive program program. The methodology for calculating the potential for using non-destructive testing methods in organizing the construction of residential buildings has been described. An algorithm for determining the qualitative characteristics of the potential during the implementation of the construction project was also developed. This algorithm includes 4 stages: comparative analysis of the existing situation at the facility; selection and establishment of levels of values of the parameters of ATM calculation of organizational and technical potential; calculation of a psychophysical assessment corresponding to the value of the potential.
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Nasonov, F. A., V. M. Aleksashin, D. A. Melnikov, and S. V. Bukharov. "Zinc-stearate modification of epoxy resins and carbon plastics based on them and its influence on the basic technological properties of the composition." Voprosy Materialovedeniya, no. 3(95) (January 10, 2019): 146–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22349/1994-6716-2018-95-3-146-156.
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The influence of the special modification of epoxy resins and polymer composites based on them on the basic technological properties of the composition is investigated. Modification is performed in order to reduce the opening damage. The most important technological properties of the initial epoxy composition and modified technological additives are studied and compared by standard methods (viscosimetry, thermoanalytical methods). A kinetic model of the curing process was created, the experimental production of samples from plastics filled with carbon long filler (impregnation under pressure, autoclave molding) and its non-destructive testing were carried out.
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Trufanov, N. N., D. V. Churikov, and O. V. Kravchenko. "Application of spectral analysis methods for data pre-processing of anomaly detection problem of vibration diagnostics in non-destructive testing." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2127, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2127/1/012028.
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Abstract The paper is devoted to the problem of primary data processing obtained in the vibration measurements during the processing of the workpiece on a milling machine with computer numerical control. An experimental setup is described and an algorithm for analysing vibration diagnostics signals using a mathematical machine learning tool is proposed. Special attention is paid to the study of the rigidity characteristics of the machine at different relative positions of its components. The analysis of the equipment design and factors affecting the ongoing process is carried out, as a result of which the received signal is processed and its characteristic fragments in the time and frequency domains are identified. The data is prepared for further use in solving the problem of detecting anomalies of the technological process, which implies predicting the progress of the technological process based on a mathematical model constructed using machine learning methods, and identifying deviations of the real technological process from the forecast. Preliminary preparation is carried out using the windowed Fourier transform. Various variants of windows in the transformation are considered, including those constructed using atomic functions. Calculations are performed using the Python 3.9 language, the main results are supported by graphs. The development of training methods for the considered models of neural networks is the subject of further research.
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Martyniuk, R. T., O. T. Chernova, and M. R. Shyan. "ANALYSIS OF METHODS AND MEANS OF DETERMINATION OF THE FACTORY OF OIL PIPELINES AND THE CALCULATION OF THEIR RESIDUAL RESOURCES." PRECARPATHIAN BULLETIN OF THE SHEVCHENKO SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY Number, no. 1(59) (January 28, 2021): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/2304-7399-2020-1(59)-134-141.
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The basic principle of diagnosing long-life metal structures, and pipelines in particular, is based on consistent and systematic measurements of certain design parameters, on detecting changes in these parameters during operation and comparing them with the original ones, and on predicting changes in these parameters.
The application of technical diagnostics and non-destructive testing methods to determine the actual technical status is a regular technological operation and, as experience shows, an effective way of ensuring the technical reliability and safe operation of pipelines and the gas transmission system as a whole.
The methods of non-destructive testing, correlation analysis and modern methods of statistical processing of experimental and reference data (artificial neural networks) were used to determine the actual state of oil and gas pipelines. Factor and regression analysis methods were used during theoretical studies. In the course of the experimental studies, the methods of experiment planning, probability theory were used.
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Plachy, Tomáš, Pavel Tesárek, Richard Ťoupek, Václav Nežerka, and Michal Polák. "Influence of Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Mechanical Properties of Gypsum Determined Using the Impulse Excitation Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 486 (December 2013): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.486.353.
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Non-destructive methods for testing mechanical properties of materials spreads to many fields of investigation at present. A typical example of the use of non-destructive testing can be determination of the effect of freeze-thaw cycles on the mechanical properties of porous building materials. The great advantage of non-destructive testing, compared to destructive, is that still the same sample is tested and it excludes various negative effects such as technological indiscipline in the production of samples, different environment storage of samples prior to testing, recognition of cracks in the sample prior to testing, etc. The paper presents the development of modulus of elasticity on samples of hardened plaster according to the number of freeze-thaw cycles. Elastic moduli were determined using an impulse excitation method. For cyclic loading, the samples were saturated with water at 20 °C and tested in 8-hour cycles. Samples were removed from the water bath and placed in a freezer with a temperature lower than - 20 °C and after 8 hours they were placed again in the water bath for a period of eight hours. The temperature in the freezer was measured using platinum thermometers during the freeze-thaw cycles. The difference from 'dry' frost resistance was that the samples of hardened plaster were exposed to "wet" frost resistance, i.e. to the extreme load of the samples with the external climatic conditions.
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Arsić, Miodrag, Srđan Bošnjak, Vencislav Grabulov, Mladen Mladenović, and Zoran Savić. "Use of Non-Destructive Tests for the Assessment of Integrity and Service Life of Hydro-Mechanical Equipment." Advanced Materials Research 1146 (April 2018): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1146.9.
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Technical diagnostics of hydromechanical equipment, is based on testing procedures including the history of the exploitation with expert knowledge of structures and operating conditions, as well as, on the analysis of results performed by experts with appropriate experience and knowledge in design, exploitation, maintenance, reliability, fracture mechanics etc. Degradation of properties of the material and/or welded joints of hydro-mechanical equipment is being caused by the simultaneous influence of a large number of factors. First of all, it is thought of technological, metallurgical, structural and conditions of exploitation. In this paper, the selection of methodology for the rehabilitation of hydro-mechanical equipment is presented based on the previously conducted assessment of state of equipment using the nondestructive testing methods. Repair welding, repair of damaged surfaces by cold metallization, corrections of existing structural solutions of metallic components in order to improve their technical characteristics and extend the service life are presented.
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Brinker, Katelyn, Matthew Dvorsky, Mohammad Tayeb Al Qaseer, and Reza Zoughi. "Review of advances in microwave and millimetre-wave NDT&E: principles and applications." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, no. 2182 (September 14, 2020): 20190585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0585.
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Microwave and millimetre-wave non-destructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) has a long history dating back to the late 1950s (Bahr 1982 Microwave non-destructive testing methods ; Zoughi 2000 Microwave Non-destructive testing and evaluation principles ; Feinstein 1967 Surface crack detection by microwave methods ; Ash 1973 In 3rd European Microwave Conference ; Auld 1981 Phys. Technol. 12 , 149–154; Case 2017 Mater. Eval. 75 ). However, sustained activities in this field date back to the early 1980s (Zoughi 1995 Res. Nondestr. Eval. 7 , 71–74; Zoughi 2018 Mater. Eval. 76 , 1051–1057; Kharkovsky 2007 IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine 10 , 26–38). Owing to various limitations associated with using microwaves and millimetre waves for NDT&E, these techniques did not see much utility in the early days. However, with the advent and prevalence of composite materials and structures, in a wide range of applications, and technological advances in high-frequency component design and availability, these techniques are no longer considered as ‘emerging techniques’ (Zoughi 2018 Mater. Eval. 76 , 1051–1057; Schull 2002 Nondestructive evaluation: theory, techniques, and applications ). Currently, microwave and millimetre-wave NDT&E is a rapidly growing field and has been more widely acknowledged and accepted by practitioners over the last 25+ years (Case 2017 Mater. Eval. 75 ; Bakhtiari 1994 IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech . 42 , 389–395; Bakhtiari 1993 Mater. Eval. 51 , 740–743; Bakhtiari 1993 IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 42 , 19–24; Ganchev 1995 IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 44 , 326–328; Bois 1999 IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 48 , 1131–1140; Ghasr 2009 IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 58 , 1505–1513). Microwave non-destructive testing was recently recognized and designated by the American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT) as a ‘Method’ on its own (Case 2017 Mater. Eval. 75 ). These techniques are well suited for materials characterization; layered composite inspection for thickness, disbond, delamination and corrosion under coatings; surface-breaking crack detection and evaluation; and cure-state monitoring in concrete and resin-rich composites, to name a few. This work reviews recent advances in four major areas of microwave and millimetre-wave NDT&E, namely materials characterization, surface crack detection, imaging and sensors. The techniques, principles and some of the applications in each of these areas are discussed. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Advanced electromagnetic non-destructive evaluation and smart monitoring’.
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Slyadnev, A. M. "ACOUSTIC NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF MULTILAYERED STRUCTURES FROM PCM DURING THE PRODUCTION AND OPERATION OF AVIATION TECHNIQUE." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 256 (2019): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2019.10.pp.036-049.
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Considered the use in the production of aviation equipment (airplanes and helicopters), polymer composites differing in enhanced operational and technological properties, such as strength, rigidity, level of working temperatures, etc. Examples are given of using newer gliders in multilayer structures MS-21 aircraft and Mi-38 helicopter of modern composite materials. The review of defects of multilayer structures made of polymer composite materials arising at the stage of manufacturing, storage, transportation and operation of aircraft, and low-frequency methods of their control is presented. It is noted that the main of low-frequency control methods are the impedance method and the method of free oscillations proposed by domestic scientists.The principle of operation of the first portable multifunctional computerized pulsed flaw detector DAMI-C09, combining impedance, impact and eddy current ND methods, is described. It is noted that the flaw detector can be used for manual and automated, as part of a robotic complex, to identify bundles, nonglues and other violations of the integrity of composites, honeycomb structures and glued structures, to determine corrosion centers, surface and internal defects in non-ferromagnetic materials. A feature of the flaw detector is the simplified preparation process for work due to the automated mode of tuning the signal in amplitude or phase using a spectrum analyzer, documenting the monitoring results with the ability to transfer to a computer and subsequent processing with the help of a special APM of the Flaw Detector. Examples of the effective use of the flaw detector in the production and operation of aviation equipment are given.
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Misák, Petr, Dalibor Kocáb, and Petr Cikrle. "Determination of a Suitable Moment for Formwork Removal from a Concrete Structure Using Rebound Hammer Test Methods." Solid State Phenomena 322 (August 9, 2021): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.322.23.
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Determining the compressive strength of concrete in the early stages of ageing has been an increasingly relevant topic in recent years, particularly with regard to the safe removal of formwork from a structure or its part. The compressive strength of concrete which designates safe removal of formwork without damaging the structure can be referred to as "stripping strength". It is undoubtedly beneficial to be able to determine the moment of safe formwork removal in a non-destructive manner, i.e. without compromising the structure. Modern rebound hammer test methods seem to be a suitable instrument with which it is possible to reduce the length of technological breaks associated with concrete ageing to a minimum, and consequently, reduce the total cost of the construction. However, the use of these methods presents a number of challenges. As many conducted experiments have shown, there is no single conversion relationship (regression model) between non-destructive rebound hammer test methods and compressive strength. It is therefore advisable to always create a unique conversion relationship for each individual concrete. In addition, it must be noted that conventional regression analysis methods operate with 50% reliability. In construction testing, however, the most common is the so-called characteristic value, which is defined as a 5% quantile. This value is therefore determined with 95% reliability. This paper describes the construction of a so-called "characteristic curve", which can be used to estimate the compressive strength of concrete in a structure using rebound hammer test methods with 95% reliability. Consequently, the values obtained from the characteristic curve can be easily used for practical applications.
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Borisenko, V. F., and V. A. Sidorov. "Selection of Diagnosed Quantities of Electromechanical Systems." Glavnyj mekhanik (Chief Mechanic), no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pro-2-2010-01.
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The article discusses the issues of justification of the selection of diagnostic values for assessing the technical condition of electromechanical systems of equipment. The selection is based on calculation models and models of damage development. The presence of several variants of damage requires constant monitoring of mechanical and electrical values analyzed by the decision-making block, taking into account possible scenarios. Monitoring of the actual state of the electromechanical system is possible when using a set of diagnostic values: technological process, vibration, temperature, current and load characteristics. The analysis of current values requires the use of continuous monitoring systems, diagnostic models that take into account the actual operating mode, and expert decision-making systems focused on fixing slow and fast changes. It is advisable to restore the working condition of the equipment on the basis of a system of scheduled preventive repairs, taking into account the actual condition. A prerequisite is the use of visual inspection, non-destructive testing methods (if necessary), and lubrication analysis methods.
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Prokopchenko, Serhii, and Volodymyr Voskresenskyi. "3D VIDEO MEASURING SYSTEM FOR TESTING OF MANUFACTURE OF PARTS THE HIGH PRECISION PROCESSING." Bulletin of Kyiv Polytechnic Institute. Series Instrument Making, no. 61(1) (June 30, 2021): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/1970.61(1).2021.237090.
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During the control of technological processes of manufacturing various parts, which are required to increase the accuracy of processing, it is necessary to adhere to the systematic measurement of their geometric dimensions, tolerances, compliance with the shape and location of the surfaces of the parts. To date, this type of non-destructive testing is carried out using special optical systems and allows you to study different products, regardless of their type, design features and structure of the materials from which they are made. That is, the visual-optical method of measurement is one of the most important methods of non-destructive testing in production.
In the article the authors shared practical experience in the selection and optimal use of 3D video measuring system with limited resources. The choice of manufacturer and model (type) of video measuring system was made depending on the complexity of the measurement tasks. First of all, the error of measurement results was evaluated, which was determined by technical indicators and the composition of software functionality. For control in the manufacture of high-precision mechanical parts, the basic requirements for technical parameters and software of the video measuring system are defined.
Emphasis is placed on the economic effect by reducing the time of measurement of linear dimensions and angles in the plane of the controlled parts, while using high-quality functionality of video processing, which significantly reduces the likelihood of operator error. The choice between manual and automated measurement systems is justified: the main factors are the capacity and the required amount of measurements. Evaluated as a positive ability to save information files in Exel, Word, and SPC for statistical processing of information to improve the quality of parts.
Features of video measuring systems concerning: implementation of innovative metrological solutions - multisensory metrology, namely - inclusion in the program of measurements of optical, laser and contact research; Reverse Engineering of previous versions of parts for which drawings have already been lost and CAD models are not available.
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Protasenko, Tetiana, Olena Rebrova, Svitlana Shevchenko, and Anna Fedorenko. "Monitoring the structural condition of parts of K 250 centrifugal compressors at different stages of production." Bulletin of Kharkov National Automobile and Highway University, no. 94 (December 16, 2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/bul.2219-5548.2021.94.0.85.
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Among the existing methods of ensuring the production of goods, an important place is occupied by the input and final quality control of metal products in production. The main task of the input control is to constantly ensure the necessary level of quality, fixed in regulatory documents, by directly checking each batch of supplied metal. The use of active quality control directly during the production of goods allows to prevent and detect defects at the initial stages and during the manufacture of finished types of metal products. Control at the output of the production system has the main purpose to prevent the transfer of defective products to the consumer or to the subsequent technological phases (stages). Goal. The goals is development of methods for monitoring the parts of K-250 centrifugal compressors at various stages of production and selection of the optimal mode of heat treatment of rotor elements made of structural steel of the martensitic class of the 34KHN1MA brand. Method. The control included mechanical tests, metallographic studies of blanks and finished parts, as well as non-destructive testing for internal defects and surface quality. Results. A comprehensive input control of the macro- and microstructure, as well as the mechanical properties of blanks made of 34KHN1MA steel was carried out. A mode of improving the properties of critical parts of a centrifugal compressor made of 34KHN1MA steel by heat treatment is proposed. Control of the finished product was carried out, including mechanical tests, microstructure studies, as well as non-destructive surface quality control.
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Kowalczyk, Jakub, Przemyslaw Lopato, Grzegorz Psuj, and Dariusz Ulbrich. "Glass–Adhesive–Steel Joint Inspection Using Mechanic and High Frequency Electromagnetic Waves." Materials 13, no. 20 (October 18, 2020): 4648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13204648.
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The utilization of a glass–adhesive–steel joint in modern machine and vehicle production is constantly growing. Despite the technological regime during the production process, various defects in the adhesive joints may occur. One of the major problems is lack of adhesive between joined materials. Due to the widespread use of non-transparent layers increasing adhesion, it is frequently not possible to conduct simple visual inspections. Hence, it is important to develop a non-destructive adhesive path continuity examination procedure. In that process, the different physical properties of the joint materials must be taken into account. Therefore, in this paper various testing methods were used, including ultrasound, thermographic and electromagnetic methods operating in the microwave and terahertz frequency range. Different physical phenomena of the methods allowed for examination of the joint in a wide context. In order to verify the information brought by each method, the results were transferred into common coordinate space, compared and finally integrated. Various opinion pooling strategies were conducted to fuse data, which allowed us to emphasize convergent and complementary information on adhesive continuity. The obtained results are promising and constitute the basis for further work on an integrated system for automatic evaluation of a wide range of possible defects in glass–adhesive–steel joints.
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Kornilova, Anna V., and Kyaw Zaya. "Definition of acceptable parameters of defects in basic details of forging and press machines." RUDN Journal of Engineering Researches 20, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 308–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8143-2019-20-4-308-315.
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In the Soviet Union, a unique worldwide industry was created for the serial production of forging equipment. Currently, even these machines that have served their design life are in working or maintainable condition. This has led to the fact that there is now a large market for the secondary sale of such machines, including in the countries of Southeast Asia and India. However, with the secondary sale of such equipment, some inevitable damage builds up in the basic parts. In addition, the first copies of such models, put up for secondary sale, were produced at a time when non-destructive testing methods were not developed. Some defects could be undetected. When buying a machine dismantle, transport, install and test. Cases were recorded when defects were strained during installation and testing in the base parts, which made it difficult or impossible to use such equipment. Sometimes this type of equipment (during modernization) is used to carry out technological operations that require more power than previously declared. Therefore, when buying/selling (or upgrading), it is necessary to draw up cards of permissible defects, which, when superimposed on the cards of the detected defects, will allow to reject/determine the remaining life/limit the technological strength of the crank machine so that defects during further operation are not affectted and do not lead to emergency situation. The methodology for determining the permissible parameters of subsurface elliptical cracks is shown on the example of a press bed KD2130 (BZMP).
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Loginovskiy, O. V., L. Yu Kostyleva, A. A. Maksimov, and I. M. Yachikov. "Determination of the Parameters of the La¬mination of a Bimetallic Plate by Means of Active Thermal Non-Destructive Control." Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Ser. Computer Technologies, Automatic Control & Radioelectronics 21, no. 4 (November 2021): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/ctcr210404.
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Bimetals are in many ways substitutes for scarce metals, while they represent an independent group of materials necessary for the creation of new machines, devices and other various products. The increasing volume of production of bimetals and products made from them requires an increase in their operational characteristics and, accordingly, an increase in the quality of finished products. One of the difficult technological tasks is the connection of aluminum and its alloys with steels of various classes, since there are many problems associated with the quality of the connection of me¬tals with different properties. To improve the reliability and durability of machines and other pro¬ducts made of bimetals, it is necessary to carry out continuous quality control, and the most effective methods are non-destructive testing. Quite promising in terms of simplicity and accessibility is the method of active thermal control, in which the investigated product is subjected to pulsed thermal action by means of a source of thermal loading. The amplitude, shape and time variation of temperature signals serve as informative parameters that allow an operator or an automated system to detect certain defects and evaluate their parameters. With all the availability of pulsed thermal control, the most difficult component is associated with specialized computer programs for processing experimental data and determining the parameters of a delamination defect. The aim of the study is to create a computer model of the thermal state of a bimetallic plate in the presence of an air bubble between the layers and, through computer simulation, to determine the size of defects during active pulse thermal non-destructive testing of steel-aluminum plates. Materials and methods. When performing the work, the methods of mathematical and computer modeling were used. The created software using the development tools of the MATLAB package was based on known methods for obtaining an approximate solution to a boundary value problem on a computer using the finite difference method. Results. A mathematical model has been developed, an algorithm for solving a boundary value problem, and a computer program has been created that allows simulating a pulse thermal control to determine the parameters of a delamination defect in a bimetallic plate. Conclusion. It was found that it is more efficient to measure the temperature difference from the side where the defect is located and the multilayer plate is heated. Heating the plates from the side opposite to the defect and their further cooling showed significantly lower efficiency in terms of obtaining a useful temperature signal. It is shown that in the presence of a defect, the greater the loading heat flux and the defect size, the greater the value of the useful signal determined by the temperature difference on the measured surface.
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Salikhov, R. F., V. N. Kuznetsova, and V. V. Dubkov. "Expert assessment results anaylisys of machines power units in winter conditions." Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 17, no. 5 (November 11, 2020): 550–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2020-17-3-550-561.
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Introduction. The implementation of production and technological processes of machines on the vast territory of the Russian Federation is related to the necessity to operate them in low temperatures conditions. The article presents the results of the applied scientific research of the factors that have a negative impact on the operation process of internal combustion engines at low ambient temperatures. The use of the modern methods and means of diagnostics of the cylinder-piston group and the crank- engine mechanism make it possible to reliably establish the causes of the internal combustion engines failures.Materials and methods. In the course of the experimental studies the non-destructive testing, organoleptic, measuring and expert methods were used.Results. As a result of a comprehensive assessment of the engine failures causes, it was found that the breakdowns in the use of inappropriate operating materials at low temperatures, measures to prepare for the launch of diesel generator sets were the main reason for untimely start-up and the faults in cylinder-piston group and the crank mechanism elements, which led to emergency failure of the internal combustion engine.Discussion and conclusion. The proposed research results will make it possible to specificate the development prospects in the field of providing the reliability of internal combustion engines operation.
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Churkin, A. A., and I. N. Lozovsky. "QUALITY ASSURANCE OF DIAPHRAGM AND PILE WALLS BY GEOPHYSICS." Construction and Geotechnics 11, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2224-9826/2020.2.05.
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Underground structures like diaphragm and pile walls are constructed to organize waterproof curtains, protect pit sides, and transfer loads from the structures. Violations of the construction technological process can lead to the formation of defects. To prevent adverse consequences, before excavation, it is necessary to control the integrity of the slurry walls using non-destructive geophysical methods. A review of geophysical slurry wall quality control methods based on the excitation and registration of physical fields through access tubes installed in the reinforcement cage, in wells drilled near the structure or on the surface of the structure, is presented. The main capabilities and limitations of the methods are given. Cross-hole ultrasonic logging was used to study the section of the slurry wall during the construction of the Moscow Metro station. The results of parallel soundings made it possible to identify anomalous zones, interpreted as defects. The geometric dimensions of one of the major defects were refined by ultrasonic tomography. For the first time in Russian testing practice, thermal integrity profiling was applied to study the diaphragm wall at the base of a residential building. The results of temperature monitoring during the concrete hardening are presented. According to the method, a major flaw, excess of the design mark of the wall bottom and bulging of the structure were revealed. The results of thermal integrity profiling were verified by ultrasonic logging. The combined use of thermal and ultrasonic methods can be recommended as a reliable tool for integrity testing of diaphragm and pile walls. To carry out the measurements, the access tubes shall be included in the reinforcement cage of the structure at the design stage.
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Artamonov, Evgeny, Andrey Tveryakov, and Anton Shtin. "Determination of temperature of maximum operability of replaceable cutting hard-alloy inserts based on study of electromagnetic properties change." Metal Working and Material Science 23, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/1994-6309-2021-23.1-33-44.
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Introduction. Today, under the conditions of sanctions, the Russian Federation, more than ever before, needs the development of energy-saving technologies in various industries. There is no secret that when assigning cutting modes for new materials, tool companies conduct tests for the destruction of replaceable cutting inserts during cutting, the obtained numerical values are published in catalogs. The greatest impact on the life and operability of hard alloy cutting tools is exerted by the physical and mechanical properties of tool materials. Studies have shown that the physical and mechanical properties of tungsten hard alloys in the process of operation, namely in the process of cutting difficult-to-process materials under the influence of high temperatures, vary symmetrically. During the development of the laboratory plant, a literary review was carried out, which showed that at the moment non-destructive testing methods of technological facilities are widely used. Methods of non-destructive testing of technological objects allow conducting studies of the state of material, defects in the structure, internal changes, without samples destroying; this advantage was decisive during the literary review. The object of this study is replaceable cutting hard alloy inserts made of single carbide hard alloy В35 (92%WC+8%Co), tetrahedral in the state of supply. The subject of the study is the relationship between the changes of the magnetic component of the properties of a single-carbide hard alloy В35 (92%WC+8%Co) depending on the effect of high temperatures on it. This study is based on the laws of physics of the division of electrodynamics, as well as well-known non-destructive testing techniques, scientific foundations of material science. All studies are carried out in accredited laboratories of Tyumen Industrial University. The reliability of the obtained data is confirmed by the high correlation of the results of numerical values with the data obtained by the scientific predecessors. Research methodology. The paper shows the developed plant for determination of the maximum operability temperature of replaceable cutting hard-alloy inserts on the basis of study of change of electromagnetic properties. The method of research is given. Tests of the specimen are carried out during heating of replaceable cutting inserts made of tungsten hard alloy B35 (92%WC+8%Co). The heating temperature interval is selected in accordance with the temperature mode of the cutting process in the blade treatment of hard-to-process materials. Thus, heating is carried out in the range from 0 to 1000˚ C. The heating itself is carried out by the flame method manually. Results and discussions. Based on the results of experimental studies, tables of the results are compiled, where, with an interval of 10 °C, the corresponding values of the magnetic field of eddy currents induced in replaceable cutting inserts made of tungsten hard alloy B35 (92 %WC+8 %Co) are indicated. The results of the investigation are obtained to determine the maximum operability temperature of replaceable cutting hard alloy inserts based on the study of the change in electromagnetic properties for the hard alloy B35 (92%WC+8%Co) amounted to 460…730 °C, which corresponds to a cutting speed of 18 m/min during the treatment of the alloy EI867-VD (57 %Ni9 %Mo10 %Cr6 %W4.2 %Al4 %Co). On the basis of persistent tests in factory conditions, it is proved that the developed technique allows determining temperature intervals of maximum operability based on the study of changes in electromagnetic properties (magnetic field of eddy currents arising in replaceable cutting inserts) of hard alloys. These intervals make it possible to assign the most appropriate operating conditions for the cutting tool based on a scientifically sound technique that allows using the maximum tool resource.
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Berikkhanova, Kulzhan, German Seredin, Dastan Sarbassov, Gulsara Berikkhanova, and Aidar Alimbayev. "Project development of a precision installer for measuring inhomogeneous density of the solution in the process of automation of the technological software and hardware complex." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, no. 5 (116) (April 30, 2022): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.254825.
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A project of a precision installer for measuring the inhomogeneous density of the solution has been developed. This module is one of the key components of an automated program-controlled complex created for the encapsulation of cell transport systems. An analysis of existing methods for determining the values of viscosity and density shifts shows that optical measurement methods are the most appropriate for designing the precision installer due to their simplicity and reliability. Implementation of optical measurement is also due to the need to ensure sterility of analyzed material, as well as non-destructive testing of liquid. Using the ultrasound method requires immersion in liquid of transmitting element and receiver, which violates the principle of sterility. According to the results of measurements, it was found that the method of recording optical radiation can determine density distribution in the cuvette volume after centrifugation with a high degree of accuracy. The exact positioning of the needle for the selection of liquid has been achieved. A measuring optical module has been developed to determine the inhomogeneous density of the liquid. Accurate positioning of the carousel at given points by mounting permanent neodymium magnets in the base of cuvette compartments has been achieved. The simplification of measuring configuration by the exclusion of dispersive elements, filters and the monochromator significantly reduces the cost of measuring equipment and makes it easy to implement for solving such problems. The introduction of modern digital technologies into the project makes it possible to process signal packets from positioning sensors and through individual channels, which is especially important for automating measurement and positioning processes, taking into account sterility
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He, Chi, Guang Ling Dong, Lu Yang, Dong Fei Han, Qiang Li, and Hong Qiang Wei. "A Novel Testing Approach for AM Tracking Error of GCS DEWE2010 Based." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 1887–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.1887.
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The functions and approval test requirements of the GCS were introduced. The composition and working principle of DEWE 2010, a portable data acquisition system, were presented, which provides a feasible technological approach for software demodulation of AM signals in GCS testing. On researching the principles of AM signal modulation, two novel coherent and non-coherent software demodulation methods for AM tracking error of GCS were devised with mixed programming of LabWindows and MatLab. Test and simulation results show that the measuring accuracy and automation level of novel AM tracking error testing approach meet the requirements of test measurement.
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Levin, Vladimir, Nikolay Guzhov, Natalya Chernenko, and Ammar Yahya. "Methodology for managing equipment repairs in oilfield electrical networks." Science Bulletin of the Novosibirsk State Technical University, no. 2-3 (November 13, 2020): 139–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/1814-1196-2020-2-3-139-155.
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An innovative methodology for managing repairs in distribution networks and power supply systems for oilfield facilities is proposed in this paper. The methodology makes it possible to select optimal solutions in accordance with the priority management goal by formalizing a risk-based model for planning maintenance and repair (M&R) of electrical equipment with a "condition-based maintenance" strategy. One of the main options in the complex of M&R management tasks is an adaptive model of the technological map for the repairs of power facilities, formed in compliance with a number of key principles. The developed model allows you to optimize the volume and complexity of repairs of electrical equipment of a certain type based on the minimum composition of technological operations necessary to eliminate the identified defects. Detection of defects in electrical equipment is achieved by using methods of technical diagnostics and non-destructive testing. In this case, each of the defects is recorded in the defect statement for the object, with the determination of the degree of criticality and fixing a specific type of corrective action. Optimal prioritization of electrical equipment repairs is performed in accordance with the minimum risk function under current restrictions on reliability (an equipment technical condition index) and available resources (total maintenance costs). The originality of the implementation of a key risk event – a power supply failure of an oilfield facility provides calculating the probability and severity of the consequences of an electrical equipment failure taking into account its technical condition and features of the power supply scheme. The given example illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach and emphasizes the validity of optimal decisions. The key components of the developed methodology have found practical application in the conditions of real operation of the equipment of oilfield facilities.
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Lobo, Gabriela Alves, Denise Garcia de Santana, Antonieta Nassif Salomão, Luciana Salazar Rehbein, and Angélica Polenz Wielewicki. "A technological approach to the morphofunctional classification of seedlings of 50 Brazilian forest species." Journal of Seed Science 36, no. 1 (2014): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2317-15372014000100011.
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A technological approach to the morphofunctional classification of forest species seedlings defines the essential structures in the evaluation of germination testing and identifies changes in this structures that suggest abnormalities. The objective was to associate morphofunctional seedling classification to seed germination testing using official germination methods for 50 forest species from Amazon, Caatinga, Cerrado, Atlantic Forest and Pantanal biomes. Morphofunctional classification and abnormalities were defined using seedlings from 232 germination pre-tests and 1,160 samples that were formed for each species using seeds from distinct locations and with at least three levels of vigor. The phanero-epigeal germination with a non-developed epicotyl predominated among species (84%). Common in hypogeal germination, the development of the epicotyl occurred only in seedlings of Anadenanthera colubrina and Erythrina speciosa, both with epigeal germination. The need to supply and sustain the great mass produced in its long life cycle, the presence of the primary root was considered essential for the normal seedling classification of these forest species. Curled, stunted, necrotic, bifurcated primary root and those retained in the seed coat or in the fruit structures, were the main abnormalities of the seedling root systems. Damages to the shoot system were uncommon.
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Shatalova, O. M. "ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS BY FUZZY MODELING METHODS: THE CONTENT OF THE MODEL AND THE CONDITIONS FOR SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Economics and Law 29, no. 5 (September 25, 2019): 609–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9593-2019-29-5-609-620.
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The article is devoted to the development of methods and instruments for solving the problem of non-stochastic uncertainty in the management of technological innovations. In this regard, the methodology of fuzzy-multiple modeling of systems is considered. It allows you to take into account both deterministic and stochastic data, as well as mental knowledge of the system on the part of decision makers, presented in the lexical description and based on fuzzy evaluation mechanism. The construction of fuzzy-multiple models is aimed at reproducing the logic of decision making and is based on the use of intelligent methods of information processing, including those presented in fuzzy and verbal characteristics, by mathematical language means, which can be transferred to machine processing. The basis of the study is the provision on the vector form of the efficiency indicator and the implementation of the correspondence function between the basic parameters of efficiency through fuzzy inference. The article describes the developed basic conditions for simulation of fuzzy-multiple modeling in assessing the effectiveness of technological innovation management systems - the structure of the model and methods for its construction; presents the means of software implementation of a simulation fuzzy-plural model developed in accordance with these conditions and the results of its practical testing. The developed conditions of fuzzy-multiple modeling in assessing the effectiveness of technological innovations form the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the conditions of technological development of the enterprise, allow to identify significant management factors and form the content of an effective innovative strategy for the technological development of the enterprise; the fuzzy model itself can be considered as a platform for the integration of deterministic, stochastic, expert knowledge of the system.
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Junaid, Mohammad, Zsolt Szalay, and Árpád Török. "Evaluation of Non-Classical Decision-Making Methods in Self Driving Cars: Pedestrian Detection Testing on Cluster of Images with Different Luminance Conditions." Energies 14, no. 21 (November 1, 2021): 7172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217172.
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Self-driving cars, i.e., fully automated cars, will spread in the upcoming two decades, according to the representatives of automotive industries; owing to technological breakthroughs in the fourth industrial revolution, as the introduction of deep learning has completely changed the concept of automation. There is considerable research being conducted regarding object detection systems, for instance, lane, pedestrian, or signal detection. This paper specifically focuses on pedestrian detection while the car is moving on the road, where speed and environmental conditions affect visibility. To explore the environmental conditions, a pedestrian custom dataset based on Common Object in Context (COCO) is used. The images are manipulated with the inverse gamma correction method, in which pixel values are changed to make a sequence of bright and dark images. The gamma correction method is directly related to luminance intensity. This paper presents a flexible, simple detection system called Mask R-CNN, which works on top of the Faster R-CNN (Region Based Convolutional Neural Network) model. Mask R-CNN uses one extra feature instance segmentation in addition to two available features in the Faster R-CNN, called object recognition. The performance of the Mask R-CNN models is checked by using different Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models as a backbone. This approach might help future work, especially when dealing with different lighting conditions.
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John, Nikita M., Stuart J. Wright, Sean P. Gavan, and Caroline M. Vass. "The role of information provision in economic evaluations of non-invasive prenatal testing: a systematic review." European Journal of Health Economics 20, no. 8 (June 22, 2019): 1123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10198-019-01082-x.
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Abstract Background Technological progress has led to changes in the antenatal screening programmes, most significantly the introduction of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT). The availability of a new type of testing changes the type of information that the parent(s) require before, during and after screening to mitigate anxiety about the testing process and results. Objectives To identify the extent to which economic evaluations of NIPT have accounted for the need to provide information alongside testing and the associated costs and health outcomes of information provision. Methods A systematic review of economic evaluations of NIPTs (up to February 2018) was conducted. Medline, Embase, CINAHL and PsychINFO were searched using an electronic search strategy combining a published economic search filter (from NHS economic evaluations database) with terms related to NIPT and screening-related technologies. Data were extracted using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards framework and the results were summarised as part of a narrative synthesis. Results A total of 12 economic evaluations were identified. The majority of evaluations (n = 10; 83.3%) involved cost effectiveness analysis. Only four studies (33.3%) included the cost of providing information about NIPT in their economic evaluation. Two studies considered the impact of test results on parents’ quality of life by allowing utility decrements for different outcomes. Some studies suggested that the challenges of valuing information prohibited their inclusion in an economic evaluation. Conclusion Economic evaluations of NIPTs need to account for the costs and outcomes associated with information provision, otherwise estimates of cost effectiveness may prove inaccurate.
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Pimienta, Pierre, Blandine Albert, Bruno Huet, Michael Dierkens, Philippe Fransisco, and Patrick Rougeau. "Durability performance assessment of non-standard cementitious materials for buildings: a general method applied to the French context." RILEM Technical Letters 1 (December 28, 2016): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21809/rilemtechlett.2016.17.
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This letter focuses on the technical assessment of new products or systems in the Building sector before being placed on the market in the French and European context. In particular, it discusses the assessment of the durability aspect of innovative products or systems based on cementitious materials that do not meet specifications of standards. After a brief review of the regulatory context and existing assessment procedures, an example of method of assessment is proposed. There are six successive stages, from describing an invention to choosing relevant testing methods and assessment criteria. Thematic fact sheets describing the different kinds of known alteration for cementitious materials and associated performance assessment methods are presented. An applicant and an assessor are invited to expand the scope of their investigation in case of significant technological leap forward that involve the use of a product/system in a field of application that may not be covered by the current fact sheets.
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Pilipenko, V. А., V. A. Saladukha, V. A. Filipenya, R. I. Vorobey, O. K. Gusev, A. L. Zharin, K. V. Pantsialeyeu, A. I. Svistun, A. K. Tyavlovsky, and K. L. Tyavlovsky. "CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ELECTROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SILICON-SILICON DIOXIDE INTERFACE USING PROBE ELECTROMETRY METHODS." Devices and Methods of Measurements 8, no. 4 (December 15, 2017): 344–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2017-8-4-24-31.
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Introduction of submicron design standards into microelectronic industry and a decrease of the gate dielectric thickness raise the importance of the analysis of microinhomogeneities in the silicon-silicon dioxide system. However, there is very little to no information on practical implementation of probe electrometry methods, and particularly scanning Kelvin probe method, in the interoperational control of real semiconductor manufacturing process. The purpose of the study was the development of methods for nondestructive testing of semiconductor wafers based on the determination of electrophysical properties of the silicon-silicon dioxide interface and their spatial distribution over wafer’s surface using non-contact probe electrometry methods.Traditional C-V curve analysis and scanning Kelvin probe method were used to characterize silicon- silicon dioxide interface. The samples under testing were silicon wafers of KEF 4.5 and KDB 12 type (orientation <100>, diameter 100 mm).Probe electrometry results revealed uniform spatial distribution of wafer’s surface potential after its preliminary rapid thermal treatment. Silicon-silicon dioxide electric potential values were also higher after treatment than before it. This potential growth correlates with the drop in interface charge density. At the same time local changes in surface potential indicate changes in surface layer structure.Probe electrometry results qualitatively reflect changes of interface charge density in silicon-silicon dioxide structure during its technological treatment. Inhomogeneities of surface potential distribution reflect inhomogeneity of damaged layer thickness and can be used as a means for localization of interface treatment defects.
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Shostak, T. A., and N. V. Dilay. "Development of methods and the study of microbiological purity of the gel of a complex dense extract of hypericum herbs and calendula flowers." Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal, no. 1 (March 11, 2020): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.1.20.06.
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In pharmaceutical industry antimicrobial preservatives that restrict multiplication of microorganisms and decrease bioburden are usually added in composition of hydrophilic medicines that include components of natural origin to prevent possible risks of functional changes in drugs characteristics caused by microbial contamination. Therefore, microbiological purity (MBP) is a crucial criteria for medicines quality. The purpose of the work was to develop the MBP testing methodology for complex gel containing dense extract of hypericum herbs and calendula flowers using structural-mechanical and technological studies.
Methodology for MBP testing of proposed gel was developed and justified considering criteria given in State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine 2.0. Originality of MPT methodology consists in the gel’s antimicrobial action neutralization to decrease possible risks of false results occurrence (including microorganisms inhibited by antimicrobial action of the gel).
The applicability of the methodology was determined comparing the number of test cultures CFUs in presence of gel under specified condition with number of CFUs in positive control. The methodology is suitable for microbiological purity testing of the sample, as well as for the Preservatives Efficacy Testing (PET). When applying the developed methodology, the antimicrobial action of the sample is completely eliminated. While developing the MPT methodology compliance with following acceptance criteria was confirmed for tested sample: Absence of Staphylococcus aureus (in 1 g); Absence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (in 1 g); Total aerobic microbial count (TAMC) – 10² CFU per 1 g; Total combined yeasts and molds count (TYMC) – 10¹ CFU per 1 g. All the tested samples met the requirements of the 2.0. version of State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine for non-sterile dosage forms for oromucosal and dermal use.
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Outa, Roberto, Fabio Roberto Chavarette, Vishnu Narayan Mishra, Aparecido C. Gonçalves, Luiz G. P. Roefero, and Thiago C. Moro. "Prognosis and fail detection in a dynamic rotor using artificial immunological system." Engineering Computations 37, no. 9 (April 20, 2020): 3127–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-08-2019-0351.
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Purpose In recent years, the mechanical industries began to apply many investments in research and technological development to obtain efficient methods to analyze the integrity of structures and prevent disasters and/or accidents, ensuring people’s lives and preventing economic losses. Any structure, whether mechanical or aeronautical, before being put into use undergoes a structural integrity assessment and testing. In this case, non-destructive evaluations are performed, aiming to estimate the degree of safety and reliability of the structure. For this, there are techniques traditionally used such as ultrasonic inspection, X-ray, acoustic emission tests, among other techniques. The traditional techniques may even have a good instrumental apparatus and be well formulated for structural integrity assessment; however, these techniques cannot meet growing industrial needs, even more so when structures are in motion. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate artificial immune systems (AISs), ate and strengthen the emergence of an innovative technological tool, the biological immune systems and AISs, and these are presented as computing methods in the field of structural health monitoring (SHM). Design/methodology/approach The concept of SHM is based on a fault detection mechanism used in industries, and in other applications, involving the observation of a structure or a mechanical system. This observation occurs through the dynamic response of periodic measurements, later related to the statistical analysis, determining the integrity of the system. This study aims to develop a methodology that identifies and classifies a signal in normal signals or in faults, using an algorithm based on artificial immunological systems, being the negative selection algorithm, and later, this algorithm classifies the failures in probabilities of failure and degree of fault severity. The results demonstrate that the proposed SHM is efficient and robust for prognosis and failure detection. Findings The present study aims to develop different fast access methodologies for the prognosis and detection of failures, classifying and judging the types of failures based on AISs. The authors declare that the present study was neither published in any other vehicle of scientific information nor is under consideration for publication in another scientific journal, and that this paper strictly followed the ethical procedures of research and publication as requested. Originality/value This study is original by the fact that conventional structural integrity monitoring methods need improvements, which intelligent computing techniques can satisfy. Intelligent techniques are tools inspired by natural and/or biological processes and belong to the field of computational intelligence. They present good results in problems of pattern recognition and diagnosis and thus can be adapted to solve problems of monitoring and identifying structural failures in mechanical and aeronautical engineering. Thus, the proposal of this study demonstrates and strengthens the emergence of an innovative technological tool, the biological immune system and the AIS, and these are presented as computation methods in the field of SHM in rotating systems – a topic not yet addressed in the literature.
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Foreman, J. H. "Use of technological innovations in broadening the application of equine exercise physiology." Comparative Exercise Physiology 13, no. 3 (September 7, 2017): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep160025.
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The quadrennial International Conference on Equine Exercise Physiology (ICEEP) allows focused presentations of a variety of horse exercise- and performance-related research data in cardiorespiratory, muscle, biomechanics, nutrition, genomics, and applied physiology. The most diverse section of the ICEEP meeting has been termed variously ‘Applied Exercise Physiology’ (ICEEP 8 and 9), ‘Applied Physiology: Training Methods, Exercise Testing and Selection’ (ICEEP 7), or ‘Applied Physiology of Athletic Performance’ (ICEEP 6 and earlier). The next ICEEP meeting is scheduled to be held in Australia in 2018. In this subspeciality of equine exercise physiology, scientists attempt to apply or put into practical field use the techniques and tools developed in the more basic sciences in order to assess the performance, training, and injury of horses working and performing under true, non-laboratory conditions. The real test of the value of this subspeciality will be the increased application and sustainability of the use of laboratory techniques in the assessment of equine athletes in field settings. This review summarises exercise physiology findings prior to the widespread use of equine laboratory treadmills which have tethered investigators to the laboratory, and explains and illustrates newer, more portable, often digital technological developments which have allowed investigations to move out of the laboratory and back to the field setting where horses train and compete on a daily basis.
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Mazurov, Anatoly I., and Nikolay N. Potrakhov. "ABOUT TECHNOLOGIES OF X-RAY SYSTEMS FOR CONTROL OF ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS." Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics 22, no. 3 (July 2, 2019): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2019-22-3-113-121.
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Introduction. X-ray methods are currently widely used in manufacturing of various products and components of the electronics industry, including micro- and nano-electronics. One of the most informative and illustrative methods is projection X-ray microscopy. Specialized X-ray systems for process control are developed and used in industry. The key element in the design of an X-ray inspection system is an X-ray tube. In the overwhelming majority of cases, X-ray inspection systems are based on collapsible microfocus x-ray tubes with constant pumping. This greatly complicates the design of the installation, increases its dimensions, weight and cost. Objective. Analysis of possible technical and technological solutions that improve the availability of the X-ray system for monitoring of electronic components while maintaining the information content of the control. Materials and methods. The article presents the results of analytical studies of assessment of the degree of influence of the main parameters of the X-ray tube – the size of the focal spot and the focal length – on the resolution of the resulting X-ray images. The advantages and disadvantages of two variants of the construction of the X-ray inspection systems are described: based on collapsible and based on sealed X-ray tubes. The dependence of the size of the focal spot on the voltage on the X-ray tube and on the power supplied by the electron beam to the target of the X-ray tube is analyzed. It is shown that sealed (from a vacuum pumping system) micro focus X-ray tubes can be successfully used as a radiation source in installations for X-ray inspection. It is concluded that in most cases, sealed tubes are more practical. Results. In solving of most problems of non-destructive testing of electronic components in the composition of the Xray system, X-ray sources based on sealed X-ray tubes can be successfully used. Due to this, dimensions, weight, and the cost of an X-ray system for monitoring of electronic components are substantially reduced. Conclusion. Sealed X-ray tubes are an effective alternative in the development of an X-ray system for monitoring of electronic components, which enables to fundamentally increase the availability of such a system.
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Vinnikov, V. A., M. G. Silberschmidt, V. A. Bocharov, V. A. Ignatkina, and T. N. Gzogyan. "Environmental Resource - Economized Processes of Recycling Mineral Raw Materials of Complex Composition." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (August 6, 2015): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2013vol1.837.
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The results of the studies on the justification of technological processes providing recycling of the warehoused ferruginous quartzites of complex composition and waste non-ferrous metals allowing to receive additional commodity products are given. The example of amphibole and biotite varieties of ferruginous quartzites of CMA and tailings of copper-zinc sulphide Ural ores determines the reasons of ineffective use of traditional technology solutions for recycling. The reasons of environmental hazards concerning varieties of technogenic mineral substances to the environment are identified. The presence in ferruginous quartzites complex composition of various silicates, carbonates and iron sulphides change their technological properties. So to get the iron concentrate from them suggests a new combination of technological operations performed in specially selected operating conditions. The specifics of the presence of mineral components in solid mineral wastes of nonferrous metal ores indicates the possibility of obtaining additional marketable products. With the use of laboratory multiscale modelling and physical methods of analysis regularities of variation of fractionation, separation and mineral concentration operations efficiency by varying its composition and the various influencing factors are identified. To improve the efficiency of the individual technological operations it is recommended to use different techniques, using physical and physico-chemical effects on the polymineral systems. The flow diagrams for the considered varieties of technogenic processing of mineral substances, allowing them to obtain standared quality products (metal-containing concentrates), and the results of their testing are submitted. The suggested technological solutions can reduce the amount of environmentally hazardous mineral substance, hosted in technogenic formations.
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G, Baranov, Komisarenko O, and Prohorenko O. "INFOLOGICAL MODELING TECHNOLOGY PROCESSES OF PERSPECTIVE FOLDED MATERIALS." National Transport University Bulletin 1, no. 46 (2020): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33744/2308-6645-2020-1-46-021-034.
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The article is devoted to the development of methods infolohichnoho modeling and simulation polierhatychnoho documentary describing the test bearing properties nanomaterials that determine the 33 endurance and technological resources mixtures structural components pavement layers in terms the variety effects to cover non-stationary environment and traffic. Formalized mathematical description models and methods necessary for the system CM-PD as hardware and software testing technology polierhatychnoho structure formation nanomaterials under technical and technological orders endurance performance evaluation and resource material layers work surfaces for safe movement traffic forecasting. The peculiarities the modes interaction and the language simulation ergatic modeling for the search rational technologies creation road materials are substantiated. The proposed analytical tools aimed at forming the structure silicon-carbon polymers and composites with expected force-moment and mass-energy physicochemical properties to counteract the effects heterogeneous factors non-stationary environment. The method infological modeling processes for providing conditions for the purposeful between atomic and molecular interactions in the limited local spatial volumes is developed. Formalized parametrization of mutual functions distribution concentrations, pressure and temperatures, which jointly accelerates the stage thermodynamic self-organization and controlledly form the domain-granular structures substances artificial structural materials (SCM) road cover. The information analytical tools the KM-PD system provide the reliability the estimates endurance interval, mechanical strength, integrated resource, obtained by the methods simulation the MSC and in general, KSSSDO. Mixtures substances withstand similar effects from environmental factors and respond equally to microphase spatial separation compatible component components. The maximum levels energy efficiency ordered load bearing coverings are the achievement for the operation the transport and road complex with non-stationary flows moving objects on the surfaces the future ITS infrastructure provided by the agreed levels multiple heterogeneous interactions. KEY WORDS: THERMODYNAMIC SYNTHESIS, FORMATION OF NANOSTRUCTURES, DOCUMENTARIES DECISION, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, INFOLOHICHNE MODELING, CARRYING LAYERS TRANSPORT INTERACTION CRITERION SIMILARITY SECURITY RESOURCE SPACE SELF-ORGANIZATION.
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I, Borets, Sokolova O, Soloviova O, and Vysotska I. "ORGANIZATION OF THE MULTIMODAL TRANSPORTATION OF THE GOODS ON THE AIR TRANSPORT." National Transport University Bulletin 1, no. 46 (2020): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33744/2308-6645-2020-1-46-035-044.
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The article is devoted to the development of methods infolohichnoho modeling and simulation polierhatychnoho documentary describing the test bearing properties nanomaterials that determine the endurance and technological resources mixtures structural components pavement layers in terms the variety effects to cover non-stationary environment and traffic. Formalized mathematical description models and methods necessary for the system CM-PD as hardware and software testing technology polierhatychnoho structure formation nanomaterials under technical and technological orders endurance performance evaluation and resource material layers work surfaces for safe movement traffic forecasting. The peculiarities the modes interaction and the language simulation ergatic modeling for the search rational technologies creation road materials are substantiated. The proposed analytical tools aimed at forming the structure silicon-carbon polymers and composites with expected force-moment and mass-energy physicochemical properties to counteract the effects heterogeneous factors non-stationary environment. The method infological modeling processes for providing conditions for the purposeful between atomic and molecular interactions in the limited local spatial volumes is developed. Formalized parametrization of mutual functions distribution concentrations, pressure and temperatures, which jointly accelerates the stage thermodynamic self-organization and controlledly form the domain-granular structures substances artificial structural materials (SCM) road cover. The information analytical tools the KM-PD system provide the reliability the estimates endurance interval, mechanical strength, integrated resource, obtained by the methods simulation the MSC and in general, KSSSDO. Mixtures substances withstand similar effects from environmental factors and respond equally to microphase spatial separation compatible component components. The maximum levels energy efficiency ordered load bearing coverings are the achievement for the operation the transport and road complex with non-stationary flows moving objects on the surfaces the future ITS infrastructure provided by the agreed levels multiple heterogeneous interactions. KEY WORDS: THERMODYNAMIC SYNTHESIS, FORMATION OF NANOSTRUCTURES, DOCUMENTARIES DECISION, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, INFOLOHICHNE MODELING, CARRYING LAYERS TRANSPORT INTERACTION CRITERION SIMILARITY SECURITY RESOURCE SPACE SELF-ORGANIZATION.
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Middendorf, A., M. Böttcher, E. Jung, H. Pötter, I. Ndip, M. Töpper, M. Schneider-Ramelow, and W. Steller. "Challenges and novel approaches for the development of hardware-related trustworthy electronics." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2021, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 000376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/1085-8024-2021.1.000376.
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Abstract Emerging and future electronic components and systems must not only meet cost, performance, reliability, miniaturization and environmental requirements, they must also be trustworthy. In the near future, we have to trust even more electronic components and systems in everyday life, such as those used in self-driving cars or service robots. In this contribution, we present the challenges and novel approaches for the development of hardware-related trustworthy electronics. Our proposed solutions cover all aspects of the value chain starting with the confidentiality of secure production chains, the security against manipulation as well as technological sovereignty. These novel approaches are extensively investigated with partners from academia and industry in R&D projects within the framework of the German Flagship initiative “Trustworthy Electronics”. The German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) as a contribution to research and innovation for technological sovereignty fund this initiative. In this paper, we will report on the latest research results of the implementation of our approaches at four key levels, namely wafer, board, system and platform levels. In the area of wafer level packaging, the focus is on developing solutions for the implementation of trustworthy heterogeneous systems using high-frequency chips in combination with complex signal processing. At board-level, the goal is to develop a universal electro-optical interposer, particularly taking into account security features (e.g. key generation and encryption / decryption, design of photonic expandable RISC-V peripheral components). At system-level, we focus on the development of processes and multi-sensor systems that protect important microelectronic circuits from criminal attacks. The entire system has to be protected by hierarchically graded monitoring, by embedded sensors and its corresponding microcontrollers. The development of the packaging and interconnection technology is supplemented by non-destructive testing methods that monitor the integrity of the protective mechanisms. The approach pursued here does not require any modification of the structure of the circuits to be protected and can be combined with all safety-critical application circuits. With this cost-effective solution, small series production is also economically feasible. Finally, at the platform-level, overreaching issues are investigated within the three pillars, namely design, production and analysis of the microelectronic value chain. The platform concentrates predominantly on contributions to the necessary standardization. This enables companies effectively to support the supply of trustworthy electronics, especially with regard to small series.
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Garg, Sachin, Nishant Saini, Ravneet Kaur Bedi, and Sabita Basu. "Comparison of micro column technology with conventional tube methods for antibody detection." Journal of Laboratory Physicians 9, no. 02 (April 2017): 095–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-2727.199627.
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Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Conventional tube technique (CTT) has been the mainstay for antibody detection in pretransfusion testing. There have been rapid technological advances in blood banking and methodology of crossmatch has been modified to improve the sensitivity of these tests and to enable automation. This study was done to compare the efficacy of three crossmatch techniques: CTT, tube low-ionic-strength-saline indirect antiglobulin test (tube LISS-IAT), and micro column technology (MCT) used in the blood bank serology laboratory. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective study, 150 samples from patients who had received two or more transfusions on two different occasions (with at least 72 h between two transfusions) were subjected to cross match by three different techniques – CTT, LISS-IAT, and MCT. RESULTS: A total of 16 cases with antibodies were identified in 150 patients. Out of 16 cases, 14 were clinically significant (anti-c = 5, anti-K = 4, anti-E = 2, anti-S = 2, anti-Jka = 1) and 2 nonclinically significant antibody cases (anti-Lea). MCT detected all the 14 clinically significant antibody cases and no case of nonclinically significant antibody. Tube LISS-IAT detected 14 antibody cases including 2 cases of non-clinically significant antibody but failed to detect 1 case of anti-c and the only case of anti-Jka. CTT detected only 10 antibody cases including 2 cases of non-clinically significant antibody and but failed to detect 3 cases of anti-c, 1 case of anti-K, 1 case of anti-E, and the only case of anti-Jka. CONCLUSION: MCT was found to be most efficacious when compared to CTT and tube LISS-IAT in detecting clinically significant red cell antibodies; although MCT missed 2 cases of Lea antibody which were detected by CTT and LISS-IAT.
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Stranishevskaya, Elena, Vladimir Gavrish, and Julia Shagova. "Testing of bio-organic fertilizer based on organic waste to improve the productivity of vineyards." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 01024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127301024.
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The authors developed an environmentally safe technology for obtaining liquid organic fertilizer. The technology includes obtaining compost by applying microflora containing actinomycetes and microscopic fungi, populating the compost with vermiculture Eisenia foetida and obtaining biohumus. In 2018-2020 fertilizers obtained from organic waste were used on industrial plantings of technical variety Bastardo Magarachsky (planting scheme: 3 × 1.5 m, formation - double-shouldered cordon, rootstock - Kober 5 BB, non-irrigated culture) as foliar dressing. Climatic zone and place of experiment: South Coast agroclimatic area, sub-area - with subtropical winter (annual rainfall - 450-500 mm; hydrothermal coefficient of moisture - 0.5-0.6). Standard methods of agronomic observations of growth and development of grape plants were used in the work. Consumption rate 2 l/100 liters of water. The number of treatments - six, the terms of application: shoots growth; before flowering; after flowering; berry growth; beginning of softening; beginning of sugar accumulation (a month before harvesting). It was found that at the background of the same potential productivity of grape plants compared to the control, the yield increased by 15,9%; mass fraction of sugars in berry juice - by 7,1%, mash output - by 14,7%; technological stock of coloring and phenolic substances - by 7,6%.
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Popović, Nenad B., Nadica Miljković, Kristina Stojmenova, Grega Jakus, Milana Prodanov, and Jaka Sodnik. "Lessons Learned: Gastric Motility Assessment During Driving Simulation." Sensors 19, no. 14 (July 19, 2019): 3175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19143175.
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In the era of technological advances and innovations in transportation technologies, application of driving simulators for the investigation and assessment of the driving process provides a safe and suitable testing environment. Although driving simulators are crucial for further improvements in transportation, it is important to resolve one of their main disadvantages–simulator sickness. Therefore, suitable methods for the assessment of simulator sickness are required. The main aim of this paper was to present a non-invasive method for assessing simulator sickness by recording gastric myoelectrical activity–electrogastrography. Open-source hardware for electrogastrography together with recordings obtained in 13 healthy volunteers is presented, and the main aspects of signal processing for artifact cancellation and feature extraction were discussed. Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that slow-wave electrical gastric activity can be recorded during driving simulation by following adequate recommendations and that proposed features could be beneficial in describing non-ordinary electrogastrography signals.
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Nussupbekov, B. R., D. Zh Karabekova, and A. K. Khassennov. "Thermal Methods and Non-Destructive Testing Instrumentation." Measurement Techniques 59, no. 6 (September 2016): 644–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11018-016-1024-z.
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Kwiatkowski, Jacek, Wojciech Anigacz, and Damian Beben. "Comparison of Non-Destructive Techniques for Technological Bridge Deflection Testing." Materials 13, no. 8 (April 18, 2020): 1908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13081908.
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This paper presents a comparison and assessment of usefulness of various measuring techniques (terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), tachymetry, photogrammetry) applied to establish the behavior of a suspension bridge under different load scenarios. The applied techniques were examined on the bridge with a 165 m span. The tested structure works as the technological bridge for a belt conveyor linking a lime mine and cement plant. The testing range consisted of conducting the non-contact measuring of the bridge and cable displacements under dynamic loads (during the belt conveyor movement—normal service loads) and static loads (while stopped). Tachymetric surveys were carried out using a precise total station (to obtain the reference data). A Canon 750D digital camera was applied in the photogrammetry technique. FARO Focus 3D and Trimble TX8 scanners were employed for the TLS measuring. The obtained results are especially important for bridge inspectors and managers who can use the non-contact measurements of serviced structures.
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Čechmánek, René, Martina Drdlová, and Martin Bohac. "Non-Destructive and Destructive Monitoring Methods of Fibre Concrete Homogeneity." Solid State Phenomena 259 (May 2017): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.259.9.
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Design, preparation and testing of fibre-cement composites are a task of wide range of research workplaces and universities in our country and abroad. However, a question on homogeneity of all cement matrix components and mainly optimal dispersion of fibre reinforcement in a mixture has not been yet solved sufficiently. Within testing of properties of such designed composites there is usually a realized fact, that variability of these properties is distinctive mainly for the reason of uneven dispersion of commonly used fibres in a whole matrix volume. Elimination of this phenomenon could be achieved by means of a design of the optimal homogenization process of dry mixture components with fibre reinforcement. The aim of research works was to find suitable homogenization techniques, design of mixing process and optimal dosing of individual components. By means of these actions it is possible to achieve the best dispersion of selected fibre types, both metal and non-metal, in fine-grained cementitious matrixes, which is subsequently verified in hardened composites at first by non-destructive and then by destructive methods. Four different fibre-cement mixtures were chosen as representatives for commonly used reinforcement in fibre-cement composites and test specimens with a thickness of 40 mm were prepared using processes suitable for the specific fibre reinforcement. At the first stage non-destructive testing by means of ultrasound waves was carried out at first on a compact test slab with dimensions 500 x 500 x 40 mm and subsequently on individual test specimens with dimensions 250 x 40 x 40 mm, cut from the test slab according to a designed pattern. At the second stage destructive testing of test specimens was performed, mainly evaluation of flexural strength with 4-point bending and subsequently preparation of thin sections from the failure area for observation by means of polarizing microscopy. A purpose of all these research works is finding of correlation between testing by means of destructive and non-destructive methods.
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Zielińska, Monika, and Magdalena Rucka. "Non-destructive Testing of Wooden Elements." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1203, no. 3 (November 1, 2021): 032058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1203/3/032058.
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Abstract Examining the condition of wooden elements is crucial from the perspective of proper structure performance. If the deterioration in the internal wood condition, which displays no symptoms visible from the outside, is detected, the further spread of the deterioration can be prevented. Test results often point to the necessity of conducting repairs and, renovations, replacing the structure of wooden beams, or even substituting a significant part of the structure. To achieve acceptable results, test methods should take into account the anisotropic nature of wood, which includes the shape of annual rings, as well as the location of the core in crosssection. To adopt methods based on physical effects, profound knowledge of wood physics is needed, particularly of interdependence. Apart from simple tests such as a visual inspection or tapping that are used to determine near-surface defects, non-destructive testing (NDT) plays an important role in the process. This paper presents the methods of non-destructive testing of wooden elements. These methods include tests conducted with ground penetrating radar (GPR), thermal techniques, microwaves, acoustic emission, ultrasonic tomography, and X-ray tomography. The paper summarises the use of non-destructive methods, indicating their advantages, disadvantages as well as some limitations.
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Bavykin, Oleg B., and Rodion N. Loginov. "Comparison of Non-Destructive Testing Techniques." Defect and Diffusion Forum 410 (August 17, 2021): 862–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.410.862.
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The article discusses the types of dangerous defects in welded joints. The main methods of non-destructive testing are described, their advantages and disadvantages are briefly reflected. The comparison of the automated ultrasonic testing methods with radiographic ones is given on the example of testing the welded joints of ASME DN350 Py250 pipe fittings with a thickness of the welded edges of 53.9 ÷ 61.3 mm. The comparison results of the methods by the criterion of the accuracy of determining the coordinates of defects are presented, which show the expediency of replacing the automated ultrasonic method with the radiographic one, provided that the thickness of the welded edges is shallow.
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Filatov, S. V., A. I. Dagman, S. V. Myasoedov, S. A. Zagainov, and L. Yu Gileva. "Application of computer training systems for qualification perfection of technological personal of blast furnace shops." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 75, no. 4 (May 18, 2019): 448–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-4-448-453.
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Effective control of thermal state of a blast furnace (BF), considerably depending on the qualification of the technological personal, is an important condition for smelting of hot metal of required composition. Application of computer training systems (CTS) in the process of education of technological personal of BF shops is one of the effective methods of professional knowledge and skill perfection. The CTS, implemented at PAO NLMK, based on a model of thermal state of BF, elaborated in Ural Federal University and supplemented with the models of existing disturbances. Adjusting of dynamic characteristics accomplished on the base of regularity of heat- and mass exchange. According to the tasks of BF heat operative control, during the training at the CTS transient processes are studied through channels of BF thermal state control, skill is mastered to identify the tendencies of BF thermal state change in case of non-controlled disturbances action. Most important stage of the training – implementation of adequate solutions to compensate declination of BF thermal state parameters from the set-up level. The CTS implemented at PAO NLMK is operating in the mode of training and testing. The main parameters of BF operation for every particular scenario are displayed at a mnemonic diagram, which completely corresponds to the mnemonic diagram of particular BF. Within the frame of transient processes dynamics studies, tasks are stipulated to modify a BF thermal state by application of control programs. When a scenario of BF thermal state control in case of non-controlled disturbances action is realized, the process parameters change is imitated at the mnemonic diagram. It will be done in case of one of the following parameters change: coke quality change, reducibility change, iron ore material grain size change, distribution of ore by radius change. The CTS includes a module of administration, which allows collecting the statistics of tasks fulfilment by pupils and estimating the results according to accepted algorithm. The application of CTS enabled to perfect the competence of technological personal, which was expressed by declining of off-grade hot metal share.
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Roy, Nick, Irina Usenko, Oleksandr Аkulshyn, and Igor Limar. "The modern interpretation of the high-flow gas wells study results." E3S Web of Conferences 230 (2021): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123001012.
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Based on the analysis of the currently existing methods of interpreting the results of research into gas-saturated and gas-condensate formations in the case of stationary or non-stationary filtration, the direction of solving this problem is indicated specifically for high-flow wells using new calculation method. Since the method has not existed in the traditional way until now, the new one is based on an original and unconventional approach to the initial data. And the results of its application are several times higher than the results of the traditional approach to the study of gas wells with a stationary inflow. That is, the method directly affects the quantity and quality of information obtained in the study on the gas-hydrodynamic characteristics of the studied high-flow gas wells. It also made it possible to develop a new technological approach to well testing, which at present should be considered rational, optimal and most modern. This method and the results that it allows to obtain are given in this publication. All this taken together makes it possible to approve a successful solution to the complex and still unsolved problem of the technological and methodological plan for the study of high-flow gas wells.
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Kharchenko, M. V., S. P. Nefediev, R. R. Dema, and O. R. Latypov. "Methods for determining the bearing capacity and extreme pressure properties of lubricants used in heavy-loaded tribodynamic couplings of metallurgical machines and units." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 9 (738) (September 2021): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2021-9-30-39.
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To solve contact problems related to the study of the interaction between a lubricated or non-lubricated friction pair, we used standard equipment - friction machines and tribometers. However, the use of factory-made research equipment does not always allow us to accurately answer the questions concerning the tribotechnical characteristics of friction and wear processes under specific operating conditions. A review of the literature on the technical capabilities of testing machines showed that their main drawback is the inability to programmatically set the modes of acceleration of the tribological system and tracking slippage in real-time. The study revealed the need to develop a methodology for investigating the extreme pressure properties of liquid lubricants in the tribocoupling acceleration mode, which is caused primarily by the effect of high contact loads acting in the contact areas of friction pairs, e.g. gears, rolling bearings, etc. when technological machines and equipment start and reach the operating speed. The paper considers a modernized friction machine capable of programmatically setting acceleration modes and investigating tribodynamic processes of lubricated frictional couplings. We developed a technique that makes it possible to evaluate the efficiency of a liquid lubricant during acceleration and its effect on the wear of a lubricated contact based on the use of the modernized friction machine.