Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Technological and non-destructive testing methods'
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Lowea, D. "Methods of non-destructive testing." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2019. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/14600.
Full textDraper, Jeffrey Dean. "Neural networks and non-destructive test/evaluation methods." Thesis, College Park, Maryland : University of Maryland, College Park, 1992. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA254802.
Full text"A scholarly paper submitted to Assistant Professor Ian Flood." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 16, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 49-52). Also available in print.
Blaney, Sean. "Unmanned aerial vehicle-based non-destructive testing methods for concrete structures." Thesis, Elsevier; Cement and Concrete Composites, 2018. https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/9757.
Full textGraduate
2019-07-03
Wong, Fuk-Lun Alexander. "Investigations into non-destructive methods of structural testing using finite element models." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11956.
Full textMusonda, Vincent. "Comparative study of non-destructive testing methods of defect detection on aircraft." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5498.
Full textThere is currently an increase in the usage of composite materials both in civilian and military aircraft because of their mechanical resistance, high toughness, reduced weight and immunity to corrosion. Any damage in the fibers of these composites requires an evaluation in order to ensure the integrity of aircraft structures. Composite materials are subject to various degrees of damage during their service life and therefore maintenance of these light-weight structures is a new challenge for non-destructive testing (NDT) which requires techniques that respond with a high probability of detection of defects on such high-specific strength materials. In this thesis, Digital shearography and Infrared Thermography (IRT) techniques are employed to test aircraft composite materials. Background information on the techniques has been presented and the literature survey has confirmed the use of these techniques on aircraft structures. Much of the inspection work reviewed in the literature has focused on qualitative evaluation of the defects rather than quantitative.
Chipanga, Tendai. "Determination of the accuracy of non-destructive residual stress measurements methods." Thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2009. http://dk.cput.ac.za/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1100&context=td_cput.
Full textKilic, Gokhan. "Application of advanced non-destructive testing methods on bridge health assessment and analysis." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2012. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/9811/.
Full textLu, Mingyang. "Forward and inverse analysis for non-destructive testing based on electromagnetic computation methods." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/forward-and-inverse-analysis-for-nondestructive-testing-based-on-electromagnetic-computation-methods(c9b4f030-eb7d-42a9-b55c-07df6b96aa1f).html.
Full textChan, Hon-Fung Cyril. "Non-destructive testing of concrete piles using the sonic echo and transient shock methods." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13349.
Full textSchecklman, Scott G. "Physics-Based Signal Processing Methods for Terahertz Non-Destructive Evaluation of Layered Media." PDXScholar, 2019. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5013.
Full textGiannopoulos, Antonios. "The investigation of transmission-line matrix and finite-difference time-domain methods for the forward problem of ground probing radar." Thesis, Online version, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.245873.
Full textPiñal, Moctezuma Juan Fernando. "Characterization of damage evolution on metallic components using ultrasonic non-destructive methods." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667641.
Full textCuando se considera la fatiga de los materiales, se espera que eventualmente las estructuras y las maquinarias fallen. Sin embargo, cuando este daño es inesperado, además del impacto económico que este produce, la vida de las personas podría estar potencialmente en riesgo. Por lo que hoy en día, es imperativo que los administradores de las infraestructuras deban programar evaluaciones y mantenimientos de manera regular para sus activos. De igual manera, los diseñadores y fabricantes de materiales deberían de poseer herramientas de diagnóstico apropiadas con el propósito de obtener mejores y más confiables materiales. En este sentido, y para un amplio número de aplicaciones, las técnicas de evaluación no destructivas han demostrado ser una útil y eficiente alternativa a los ensayos destructivos tradicionales de materiales. De manera particular, en el área de diseño de materiales, recientemente los investigadores han aprovechado el fenómeno de Emisión Acústica (EA) como una herramienta complementaria de evaluación, con la cual poder caracterizar las propiedades mecánicas de los especímenes. No obstante, una multitud de desafíos emergen al tratar dicho fenómeno, ya que el comportamiento de su intensidad, duración y aparición es esencialmente estocástico desde el punto de vista del procesado de señales tradicional, conllevando a resultados imprecisos de las evaluaciones. Esta disertación se enfoca en colaborar en la caracterización de las propiedades mecánicas de Aceros Avanzados de Alta Resistencia (AAAR), para ensayos de tracción de tensión uniaxiales, con énfasis particular en la detección de fatiga, esto es la nucleación y generación de grietas en dichos componentes metálicos. Para ello, las ondas mecánicas de EA que estos especímenes generan durante los ensayos, son estudiadas con el objetivo de caracterizar su evolución. En la introducción de este documento, se presenta una breve revisión acerca de los métodos existentes no destructivos con énfasis particular al fenómeno de EA. A continuación, se muestra un análisis exhaustivo respecto a los desafíos para la detección de eventos de EA y las y deficiencias del método tradicional de detección; de manera adicional se evalúa el desempeño de los métodos actuales de detección de EA pertenecientes al estado del arte. Después, con el objetivo de superar las limitaciones presentadas por el método tradicional, se propone un nuevo método de detección de actividad de EA; la evidencia demuestra que el método propuesto (basado en el análisis en tiempo corto de la forma de onda), supera las capacidades de detección de los métodos pertenecientes al estado del arte, cuando se evalúa la precisión de la detección de la llegada y conclusión de las ondas de EA; además de, cuando también se consideran la calidad de detección de eventos y la velocidad de cálculo. Finalmente, se propone una metodología con el propósito de evaluar la evolución de la energía del espectro frecuencial del fenómeno de EA durante un ensayo de tracción; los resultados demuestran que es posible correlacionar el contenido de dicha evolución frecuencial con respecto a la nucleación y crecimiento de grietas en AAAR's.
Rudraraju, Sridhar. "Fiber optic methods for nondestructive testing." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01102009-063839/.
Full textMalik, Qurrat-ul-Ain. "Novel methods of object recognition and fault detection applied to non-destructive testing of rail's surface during production." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2013. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/314012/.
Full textШевченко, Олександр Іванович. "Інтегральні методи визначення фізичних властивостей чавуну, хрому та їх покриттів для контролю структури і міцності виробів." Doctoral thesis, Київ, 2015. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/13795.
Full textWessels, Coenraad Brand. "The variation and prediction of structural timber properties of standing Pinus patula trees using non-destructive methods." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86246.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Pinus patula is the most intensively planted conifer in the tropics and sub‐tropics. In South Africa Pinus patula plantations are the main saw‐log resource for structural lumber production. Improved intensive silvicultural practices and tree breeding have resulted in marked increases in the rate of growth. To reap the financial benefits of the faster growth, plantation managers are more and more inclined to reduce rotation ages, which inevitably results in the production of higher proportions of juvenile wood at final harvest, and lumber which often does not meet the minimum requirements for stiffness for structural lumber. Knowledge of the variation and the accurate prediction of the mechanical properties of the timber of standing trees can have various benefits for growers and processors of trees. It can be used for tree allocation to different processing facilities, for processing production planning, and to assist tree breeders to screen and select for superior breeding material. The objectives of this study were (1), to examine the within‐ and between‐tree variation in wood properties of young South African grown Pinus patula trees known to have important impacts on the suitability of sawn lumber for structural purposes and (2), to develop empirical prediction models for the flexural lumber properties from standing Pinus patula, based on variables that could be assessed non‐destructively from standing trees. Sample material was obtained from 170 trees (16‐20 years old) established in 17 compartments along the Mpumalanga escarpment of South Africa. A large number of variables which could be obtained non‐destructively from the trees while they were still standing, were measured. The trees were subsequently felled and two logs, 2.1 m in length, were extracted from each tree at two height positions. The 340 logs were processed into 1402 pieces of lumber for further measurements and destructive testing. Results showed that the mean modulus of elasticity measured on edge (MOEedge) was far below the limits set for structural grade softwood timber in South Africa. All the desirable properties for structural lumber improved with distance from the pith with the exception of the 5th percentile value for modulus of rupture (MOR), which was higher at the pith than for the boards processed adjacent to the pith. Boards processed from the lower part of the stem were superior in most of the important properties compared to those higher up in the stem. Separate multiple regression models for predicting the average dynamic MOE (MOEdyn) of individual boards, trees and compartments were developed. The models managed to explain 68%, 60% and 95% of the variation in MOEdyn respectively. The models developed for MOR explained 40% and 42% of variability at board and tree level respectively. At compartment level, 80% of the variation in the 5th percentile MOR value could be explained by the model. Sensitivity analyses showed that site index at base age of 10 years, acoustic time‐of‐flight, wood density and ring width were the most influential variables in the MOE models. The models indicated that tree slenderness during early growth seems to play a major role in determining the dynamic MOE and MOR of lumber. This is in agreement with Euler’s buckling theory and the bending stress theory. Microfibril angle (MFA) and density were measured on radial strips taken from a sub‐sample of trees with the Silviscan 3 technology. The mean microfibril angle per year ring in Pinus patula varied between 7o and 29o. In general MFA decreased with distance from the pith and height above ground level. A multiple regression model including microfibril angle, density and ring width explained 71% of the variation in the dynamic MOE of boards. Sensitivity analysis on the model showed that microfibril angle and density had roughly equal influences on predicting the MOEdyn of Pinus patula boards.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Pinus patula is die mees aangeplante naaldhoutspesie in die tropiese en sub‐tropiese areas van die wêreld. Dit is die grootste bron van saagblokke vir die produksie van strukturele hout in SA. Intensiewe boskultuurpraktyke en boomteling het gelei tot ‘n merkbare verhoging in die groeitempo van die spesie. Plantasiebestuurders is gevolglik geneig om rotasie‐ouderdomme te verlaag, wat lei tot ‘n groter persentasie jeughout wat nie aan die minimum styfheidvereistes van strukturele hout voldoen nie. Kennis van die variasie en die akkurate voorspelling van die meganiese eienskappe van staande bome kan voordele inhou vir beide die verbouers en verwerkers van bome. Dit kan byvoorbeeld van hulp wees met die toewysing van bome aan verwerkingsfasiliteite, vir produksiebeplanning, en vir ondersteuning met die keuse van teelmateriaal vir boomtelers. Die doelwitte van hierdie studie was (1), om die binne– en tussenboomvariasie in die houteienskappe, wat ‘n bepalende invloed het op die geskiktheid van jong Suid Afrikaanse Pinus patula bome vir strukturele hout produksie, te ondersoek en (2), om empiriese modelle vir die voorspelling van die buigeienskappe van planke te ontwikkel, gebaseer op veranderlikes wat niedestruktief op staande Pinus patula bome ge‐evalueer is. Monsters vir die studie is verkry vanaf 170 bome (16‐20 jaar oud), geplant in 17 vakke op die Mpumalanga platorand van Suid Afrika. ‘n Groot aantal veranderlikes is nie‐destruktief gemeet op die staande bome waarna die bome gevel is en twee saagblokke, 2.1m in lengte, is op twee hoogte posisies uit elke boom verwyder. Die 340 blokke is verwerk tot 1402 planke vir verdere metings en destruktiewe toetse. Resultate het getoon dat die gemiddelde modulus van elastisiteit gemeet op die dwarskant (MOEedge) aansienlik laer was as wat vereis word vir strukturelegraad hout in Suid Afrika. Al die gewenste eienskappe het toegeneem met afstand vanaf die murg behalwe die 5de persentiel breekmodulus (MOR), wat hoër was vir murgplanke as vir aangrensende planke. Planke afkomstig van die laer dele van die stam het oor die algemeen beter eienskappe gehad as planke afkomstig van die hoër dele. Veelvuldige regressiemodelle kon 68%, 60% en 95% van die variasie in die gemiddelde dinamiese MOE (MOEdyn) op die vlak van onderskeidelik individuele planke, bome en vakke verklaar. Die modelle vir MOR kon 40% en 42% van die variasie op onderskeidelik plank‐ en boomvlak verklaar. Die model vir 5de persentiel MOR van vakke kon 80% van die variasie verklaar. ‘n Sensitiwiteitsanalise het aangetoon dat groeiplekindeks op ouderdom 10, akoestiese vlugtyd, digtheid en jaarringwydte die belangrikste veranderlikes was wat MOEdyn beïnvloed het. Die modelle het aangetoon dat die slankheid van bome tydens vroeë groei vermoedelik ‘n belangrike invloed op die MOEdyn en MOR van planke het. Dit is in ooreenstemming met Euler se knikteorie en die buigsterkteteorie. Die mikrofibrilhoek en digtheid van ‘n steekproef van die bome is gemeet met die Silviscan 3 apparaat. Die gemiddelde mikrofibrilhoek per jaarring het tussen 7 o en 29o varieer. Hierdie variasie was hoofsaaklik afhanklik van boomhoogte en aantal jaarringe vanaf die murg. ‘n Veelvuldige regressiemodel wat mikrofibrilhoek, digtheid en jaarringwydte insluit, kon 71% van die variasie in MOEdyn verklaar. ‘n Sensitiwiteitsanalise op die model het aangetoon dat mikrofibrilhoek en digtheid ongeveer ewe belangrik was wat betref hulle invloed op die voorspelde MOEdyn van Pinus patula planke.
Brashear, Kyle Thomas. "The Assessment of Sonic Waves and Tracer Gases as Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) Methods for In-Situ Underground Mine Seals." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50519.
Full textMaster of Science
Yucel, Mehmet Kerim. "Signal processing methods for defect detection in multi-wire helical waveguides using ultrasonic guided waves." Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/11219.
Full textSafont, Armero Gonzalo. "New Insights in Prediction and Dynamic Modeling from Non-Gaussian Mixture Processing Methods." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/53913.
Full text[ES] Esta tesis considera nuevas aplicaciones de las mezclas no Gaussianas dentro del marco de trabajo del procesado estadístico de señal y del reconocimiento de patrones. Las mezclas no Gaussianas fueron implementadas mediante mezclas de analizadores de componentes independientes (ICA). La hipótesis fundamental de ICA es que las señales observadas pueden expresarse como una transformación lineal de un grupo de variables ocultas, normalmente llamadas fuentes, que son estadísticamente independientes. Esta independencia permite factorizar la función de densidad de probabilidad (PDF) original M-dimensional de los datos como un producto de densidades unidimensionales, simplificando ampliamente el modelado de los datos. Los modelos de mezclas ICA (ICAMM) aportan una mayor flexibilidad al relajar el requisito de independencia de ICA, permitiendo que el modelo obtenga proyecciones locales de los datos sin comprometer su capacidad de generalización. Aquí se exploran nuevas posibilidades de ICAMM para los propósitos de estimación y clasificación de señales. La tesis realiza varias contribuciones a la investigación en mezclas no Gaussianas: (i) un método de estimación de datos faltantes por máxima verosimilitud, basado en la maximización de la PDF de los datos dado el ICAMM; (ii) un método de estimación Bayesiana de datos faltantes que minimiza el error cuadrático medio y puede obtener el intervalo de confianza de la predicción; (iii) una generalización del modelo de dependencia secuencial de ICAMM para aprendizaje supervisado o semi-supervisado y múltiples cadenas de dependencia, permitiendo así el uso de datos multimodales; y (iv) introducción de ICAMM en varias aplicaciones novedosas, tanto para estimación como para clasificación. Los métodos desarrollados fueron validados mediante un número extenso de simulaciones que cubrieron múltiples escenarios. Éstos comprobaron la sensibilidad de los métodos propuestos con respecto a los siguientes parámetros: número de valores a estimar; tipo de distribuciones de las fuentes; correspondencia de los datos con respecto a las suposiciones del modelo; número de clases en el modelo de mezclas; y aprendizaje supervisado, semi-supervisado y no supervisado. El rendimiento de los métodos propuestos fue evaluado usando varias figuras de mérito, y comparado con el rendimiento de múltiples técnicas clásicas y del estado del arte para estimación y clasificación. Además de las simulaciones, los métodos también fueron probados sobre varios grupos de datos de diferente tipo: datos de estudios de exploración sísmica; exploraciones por radar de penetración terrestre; y datos biomédicos. Estos datos corresponden a las siguientes aplicaciones: reconstrucción de datos dañados o faltantes de exploraciones de radar de penetración terrestre de muros históricos; reconstrucción de datos dañados o faltantes de un estudio de exploración sísmica; reconstrucción de datos electroencefalográficos (EEG) dañados o artefactados; diagnóstico de desórdenes del sueño; modelado de la respuesta del cerebro durante tareas de memoria; y exploración de datos EEG de sujetos durante la realización de una batería de pruebas neuropsicológicas. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la capacidad de los métodos propuestos para trabajar en problemas con datos reales. Además, los métodos propuestos son de propósito general y pueden utilizarse en muchos campos del procesado de señal.
[CAT] Aquesta tesi considera noves aplicacions de barreges no Gaussianes dins del marc de treball del processament estadístic de senyal i del reconeixement de patrons. Les barreges no Gaussianes van ser implementades mitjançant barreges d'analitzadors de components independents (ICA). La hipòtesi fonamental d'ICA és que els senyals observats poden ser expressats com una transformació lineal d'un grup de variables ocultes, comunament anomenades fonts, que són estadísticament independents. Aquesta independència permet factoritzar la funció de densitat de probabilitat (PDF) original M-dimensional de les dades com un producte de densitats de probabilitat unidimensionals, simplificant àmpliament la modelització de les dades. Els models de barreges ICA (ICAMM) aporten una major flexibilitat en alleugerar el requeriment d'independència d'ICA, permetent així que el model obtinga projeccions locals de les dades sense comprometre la seva capacitat de generalització. Ací s'exploren noves possibilitats d'ICAMM pels propòsits d'estimació i classificació de senyals. Aquesta tesi aporta diverses contribucions a la recerca en barreges no Gaussianes: (i) un mètode d'estimació de dades faltants per màxima versemblança, basat en la maximització de la PDF de les dades donat l'ICAMM; (ii) un mètode d'estimació Bayesiana de dades faltants que minimitza l'error quadràtic mitjà i pot obtenir l'interval de confiança de la predicció; (iii) una generalització del model de dependència seqüencial d'ICAMM per entrenament supervisat o semi-supervisat i múltiples cadenes de dependència, permetent així l'ús de dades multimodals; i (iv) introducció d'ICAMM en diverses noves aplicacions, tant per a estimació com per a classificació. Els mètodes desenvolupats van ser validats mitjançant una extensa quantitat de simulacions que cobriren múltiples situacions. Aquestes van verificar la sensibilitat dels mètodes proposats amb respecte als següents paràmetres: nombre de valors per estimar; mena de distribucions de les fonts; correspondència de les dades amb respecte a les suposicions del model; nombre de classes del model de barreges; i aprenentatge supervisat, semi-supervisat i no-supervisat. El rendiment dels mètodes proposats va ser avaluat mitjançant diverses figures de mèrit, i comparat amb el rendiments de múltiples tècniques clàssiques i de l'estat de l'art per a estimació i classificació. A banda de les simulacions, els mètodes van ser verificats també sobre diversos grups de dades reals de diferents tipus: dades d'estudis d'exploració sísmica; exploracions de radars de penetració de terra; i dades biomèdiques. Aquestes dades corresponen a les següents aplicacions: reconstrucció de dades danyades o faltants d'estudis d'exploracions de radar de penetració de terra sobre murs històrics; reconstrucció de dades danyades o faltants en un estudi d'exploració sísmica; reconstrucció de dades electroencefalogràfiques (EEG) artefactuades o faltants; diagnosi de desordres de la son; modelització de la resposta del cervell durant tasques de memòria; i exploració de dades EEG de subjectes realitzant una bateria de tests neuropsicològics. Els resultats obtinguts han demostrat la capacitat dels mètodes proposats per treballar en problemes amb dades reals. A més, els mètodes proposats són de propòsit general i poden fer-se servir en molts camps del processament de senyal.
Safont Armero, G. (2015). New Insights in Prediction and Dynamic Modeling from Non-Gaussian Mixture Processing Methods [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/53913
TESIS
Gränne, Fredrik. "Air and Water Tightness in Building Envelopes - Evaluation of Methods for Quality Assurance." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Building Sciences and Engineering, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3264.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to contribute to a process formaking buildings with good function and to avoid prematurefaults.
The design, construction and installation of low-slopedroofs are important parts of creating a durable building. Mostof the leakages in low-sloped roofs occur where materials withdifferent thermomechanical properties are joined together. Withbetter knowledge about these joints, the expected service lifecould better be estimated. Common roofing materials onlow-sloped roofs are roof membranes.
To avoid damages and to minimise energy consumption thedetection of air and water leaks is essential. It can bedifficult to localise a leak in e.g. a roof since water canflow far within the construction. Leakage detection can beapplied both as a quality assurance method after installationof low-sloped roofs and as field inspection methods. Theleakage detection can also be extended to terrace slabs and thewhole building envelope.
To investigate the strength of jointsbetween sheet metaland roofing membranes, several small-scale tests and somelarge-scale tests were performed. The test methods weredeveloped to match the loads that can be expected on this kindof joints.
A number of water leak-detection methods were evaluatedthrough application on test roofs. Some of the methods todetect leaks on low-sloped roofs can also be used to detect airleakage in other parts of the building envelope. To develop andevaluate air leak-detection procedures, selected methods wereused in two case studies.
The circumstances regarding welding of the material jointswere found to have great impact on the strength. The roofshould be designed so no long-term strain will appear since acomparatively low stress may damage the joint over time.
The performance of the leak-detection methods depends on theroofing material. All methods tested were an improvementcompared to visual inspections. Different recommendedapproaches for leakage detection and quality control is given.The case studies show that air leakage detection could beperformed with good accuracy. The potential difference methodcould without doubt be a tool for leakage localisation inwaterproofing layers both on roofs and in terrace slabs.
Keywords:Roofing, roof membrane, durability,waterproofing, leakage, wind-load, non-destructive testing,NDT, BSL4, BSL3, air leakage, building envelope
Livingston-Peters, Ann E. "AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE PROPERTIES AND FABRICATION METHODS OF THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1224.
Full textOzturk, Emre. "Estimation Of The Height Of Surface Breaking Cracks Using Ultrasonic Timing Methods." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12607176/index.pdf.
Full text0.5 mm for means of error from the original vertical crack heights is determined. The results agree with the previous studies.
Levine, Ross M. "Ultrasonic guided wave imaging via sparse reconstruction." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51829.
Full textDjafa, tchuspa Steve moses. "Développement et optimisation d'un modèle numérique 3D pour la simulation d'un système dédié au contrôle non destructif des tubes ferromagnétiques par flux de fuite." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00953405.
Full textAl-Soudani, Maha. "Diagnosis of reinforced concrete structures in civil engineering by GPR technology : development of alternate methods for precise geometric recognition." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30090.
Full textLack of acquaintance in the real geometry of a structure leads to incorrect evaluation of its state. Consequently, this will lead to inaccurate estimation of bearing capacity, durability, stability and moreover, the need for repair or strengthening. Furthermore, optimization of the required time for repair process needs to well recognize the parts of structure to be assessed and also to avoid the critical zones such as reinforcing bars, cables, etc., during repairing. Therefore; it becomes necessary to use a non-destructive testing (NDT) method in order to know the real geometry of structure in particular, the location of reinforcements in reinforced concrete structures. GPR is considered as an ideal non-invasive technique in detecting and locating these reinforcements. However, its accuracy in localization is limited. The aim of this research project has therefore been to increase the accuracy of GPR in recognizing the internal geometry of reinforced concrete structures. The main objective of this study is to locate accurately the position of reinforcements into three dimensions. To achieve this purpose, a new methodology for GPR measurement and processing is proposed in this study.Several configurations of data acquisition using simulated signals are tested to propose and develop an appropriate imaging algorithm for the propagation medium to imagine its internal geometry and to locate accurately the reinforcing bars. Further processing are applied to improve the accuracy of detection and to identify the different interfaces in the tested medium. Both algorithm and processing are applied on simulated signals. Subsequent experimental validations have been applied using real signals acquired from different real reinforced concrete slabs. The goal is to test the ability of proposed imaging algorithm for the localization of different targets. The encouraging results indicate that this algorithm is able to estimate the position of different buried targets and not only the reinforcing bars with an estimation error of (0-1)mm.The performance of proposed algorithm has compared to those of migration method and to the results obtained from pachometer. These comparisons have systematically revealed a better localization accuracy using the developed algorithm.Another study has been proposed in this work by testing the algorithm using modified real signals. These signals are produced by reducing the gain as less as possible. The most obvious finding to emerge from this study is that the proposed algorithm is able to localize the different goals even if the signals reflected by them are of low amplitude
Popov, Mikhail. "Analytic and Numerical Methods for the Solution of Electromagnetic Inverse Source Problems." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Electromagnetic Theory, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3134.
Full textPoggi, Francesco. "Bending properties of commercial wood-based panels by NDT methods." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-66162.
Full textRatsakou, Almpion. "Multi-physical modeling of thermographic inspection methods and fast imaging Fast models dedicated to simulation of eddy current thermography Fast simulation approach dedicated to infrared thermographic inspection of delaminated planar pieces Model based characterisation of delamination by means of thermographic inspection." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS002.
Full textThermographic inspection is a popular nondestructive testing (NdT) technique that provides images of temperature distribution over large areas at surfaces of tested workpieces. Detecting delaminations between metallic layers is the matter here. Simulation of these inspections indeed helps to complement experimental studies, evaluate performance in terms of detection and support model-based algorithms. A semi-analytical model based on a truncated region eigenfunction expansion for simulation of thermographic inspection is focused onto. The problem is solved in the Laplace domain w.r.t time, and the temperature distribution approximated by expanding it on a tensor product basis. Considered sources are lamps providing thermal excitation but may also be eddy current sources (leading to a coupled electromagnetic and heat problem). The description of the delaminations as thin air gaps between the workpiece layers proves to be equivalent with introduction of a surface resistance to the heat flow, enabling treatment via the applied modal approach without additional discretisation. Complementary computations by industry (Finite Element Method) and in-house (Finite Integration Technique) codes confirm the accuracy of the developments. Then, much attention is put on imaging and detection. A two-step procedure is devised, first denoising of raw signals and detection of any possible defect using a thermographic signal reconstruction leading to high spatial and temporal resolution in the transverse plane, completed by proper edge detection, second an iterative optimization being employed, with results of the first step used for regularization of a least-square scheme to characterize thicknesses and depths. All the above is illustrated by comprehensive numerical simulations in conditions close to practice
Barras, Jordan. "Prédiction modale du rayonnement d’ondes élastiques guidées par une source quelconque dans une structure fine - application au contrôle non destructif." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASG020.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the modelling of the propagation of elastic guided waves (GW) in thin plate like structures for their non-destructive testing (NDT). These waves are generated by any ultrasonic transducer positioned on the surface of the piece - for example, a PZT ceramic or an EMAT. A semianalytical model, the so-called GW modal pencil model, has been developed. It is based on the geometrical acoustic approximation, which makes it particularly efficient from a numerical point-of-view and able to simulate GW propagation over long distances faster than with conventional numerical models. The displacement field is then predicted only at the points of interest. The pencil model can be used to generically deal with multiple reflections of GW on plate edges. It also takes into account plates made of either metallic (isotropic) or composite (anisotropic) materials. The plate can be curved and have continuously variable mechanical properties. The waveforms are obtained in the form of their modal decomposition, which greatly eases their interpretation. Finally, comparisons with a finite element model allow the pencil approach to be validated
Hebaz, Salah-Eddine. "Étude numérique de la propagation des ondes guidées ultrasonores par la méthode de Galerkin discontinue : application au contrôle non-destructif dans le domaine des transports." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018VALE0020/document.
Full textThe mechanical structures used today are constantly evolving using composite or functionally gradient materials to meet the challenges of increased strength, lightening the structure and improving performance. These require adequate control of their state of health to ensure the integrity of the structure. The use of Ultrasound Guided Waves (UGW) provides an efficient and fast way of inspection over long distances. Nevertheless, these waves have some complex features that make the task very difficult. The use of analysis tools such as numerical models is a great asset for this type of application. In this context, the objective of this thesis is the development of a powerful modeling tool, allowing to study the propagation of UGWs with a great precision, less computational time and consumption of resources. Accordingly, we are interested in higher order numerical methods whose convergence properties are much improved than the classical methods. In particular, a semi-analytical discontinuous Galerkin finite element method (SADG-FE) is developped for the determination of the dispersion properties of guided waves in arbitrary cross-section waveguides. The method is applicable to plates and cylindrical structures made of isotropic, anisotropic heterogeneous (functionally graded) materials. The performance analysis of these methods and their comparisons are performed with respect to the models based on the classical finite element method. The results demonstrated the ability of the proposed method to model the propagation of ultrasounic guided waves in arbitrary section waveguides with promising performance over the conventional finite element method
Bakešová, Martina. "Stavební průzkum a diagnostika zděné konstrukce." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227513.
Full textKocich, Tomáš. "Komplexní diagnostika konstrukce bytového domu před rekonstrukcí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225417.
Full textSuyama, Fernando Moreira. "Detecção de defeitos em juntas soldadas de tubulações de petróleo em radiografias computadorizadas parede dupla vista dupla (PDVD) por redes neurais." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1351.
Full textA detecção de defeitos de soldagem em imagens radiográficas visa garantir a segurança das estruturas em análise com o objetivo de evitar perdas financeiras e prevenir contra danos ambientais. Atualmente, a inspeção de juntas soldadas é uma atividade essencialmente humana e, portanto, está sujeita a erros relacionados à acuidade visual, à experiência, à fadiga e às distrações do inspetor, afetando a repetitividade e reprodutibilidade deste processo. Nesse sentido, este trabalho apresenta um método para auxiliar na detecção de defeitos em juntas soldadas de tubulações de petróleo, utilizando radiografias computadorizadas adquiridas pela técnica de exposição Parede Dupla Vista Dupla (PDVD). O método desenvolvido compreendeu a aplicação do realce das imagens tratadas, a segmentação de descontinuidades e a redução do espaço de busca pela eliminação da região central da junta soldada PDVD. Dessa maneira, os referidos procedimentos contribuíram para que as descontinuidades segmentadas que correspondiam a regiões de defeito em potencial fossem classificadas por Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNA) Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), realizando a detecção de defeitos de soldagem.
Detection of weld defects in radiographic images aims to ensure the safety of analyzed structures in order to avoiding financial losses and prevent against environmental damage. Nowadays, the inspection of welded joints is essentially a human activity and, therefore, it is subject to errors related to the inspector visual acuity, experience, fatigue and distractions, affecting the repeatability and reproducibility of this process. In this sense, this work presents a method to assist the detection of weld defects in welded joints of petroleum pipelines in computed radiography acquired by Double Wall Double Image (DWDI) technique. The developed method involved the application of contrast enhancement of treated images, segmentation of discontinuities and, the search space reduction by eliminating the central region of the DWDI weld. Thus, these procedures contributed to that segmented discontinuities which correspond to potential weld defects regions were classified by Multilayer Perceptron Neural Networks, performing the detection of weld defects.
Guarneri, Giovanni Alfredo. "Identificação de descontinuidades em peças metálicas utilizando sinais ultrassônicos e técnicas de problemas inversos." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1370.
Full textEste trabalho propõe um algoritmo para identificar descontinuidades internas em uma peça metálica a partir de sinais A-scan provenientes de um ensaio não-destrutivo por ultrassom. As descontinuidades são identificadas por seu formato, dimensões, orientação e localização. Esse algoritmo é baseado na resolução de problemas inversos. O problema da identificação de descontinuidades é modelado utilizando uma abordagem inédita, em que a descontinuidade é caracterizada por dois elementos distintos: a sua amplitude de espalhamento e a localização de seu centro. Com essa nova forma de representação, o problema de identificação da descontinuidade passa a ser dividido em dois subproblemas. O primeiro é o problema de reconstrução para encontrar a localização do centro da descontinuidade e o segundo é o problema de caracterização para estimar os parâmetros geométricos da descontinuidade. Os ensaios realizados comprovam que o problema de localização é resolvido de forma satisfatória utilizando o algoritmo de reconstrução de imagens esparsas UTSR (ultrasonic sparse reconstruction). A caracterização da descontinuidade é realizada por um algoritmo baseado no método dos mínimos quadrados não-lineares, com a inclusão de um termo de regularização não-quadrático utilizando norma l1. Os resultados obtidos tanto com dados simulados como com dados experimentais mostram que esse algoritmo estima as descontinuidades de forma satisfatória.
The present work proposes an algorithm to identify internal discontinuities in metallic specimen from A-scan ultrasonic signals. Discontinuities are identified by their shape, size, orientation and location. This algorithm is based on inverse problems. The identification of discontinuities is modeled using a novel approach. The discontinuity is modeled by two distinct elements: its scattering amplitude and its center location. Through this approach, the identification problem is split into two sub problems. The first is a reconstruction problem to find the location of the discontinuity. The second is a model identification problem to estimate geometric parameters of the discontinuity. Simulations and experimental validation show that the localization problem is satisfactorily solved using the UTSR (ultrasonic sparse reconstruction) algorithm. The characterization of discontinuities is carried out by an algorithm based on non-linear least squares with l1 norm regularization. The results obtained with simulated data as well with experimental data show a fine estimation of discontinuities.
Timčaková, Kristýna. "Monitorování a analýza koroze výztužné oceli v železobetonových prvcích a konstrukcích akustickými metodami." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401591.
Full textKroetz, Marcel Giovani. "Sistema de apoio na inspeção radiográfica computadorizada de juntas soldadas de tubulações de petróleo." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2012. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/509.
Full textA inspeção radiográfica de juntas soldadas de tubulações é a atividade minuciosa e cuidadosa de observar imagens radiográficas de juntas soldadas em busca de pequenos defeitos e descontinuidades que possam comprometer a resistência mecânica dessas juntas. Como toda atividade que requer atenção constante, a inspeção radiográfica está sujeita a erros principalmente devido a fadiga visual e distrações naturais devido a repetitividade e monotonia inerentes à essa atividade. No presente trabalho, apresentam-se duas metodologias que têm por objetivo o auxílio e a automação da atividade de inspeção: a detecção automática dos cordões de solda nas radiografias e o realce das descontinuidades; compondo entre outras funcionalidades, um aplicativo completo de auxílio na inspeção radiográfica que agrega ainda a possibilidade de automação do processamento dessas imagens através da construção de rotinas e sua posterior aplicação a um conjunto de imagens semelhantes. Os resultados obtidos na detecção automática do cordão de solda são promissores, sendo possível, através da metodologia proposta, detectar cordões provenientes diferentes técnicas de ensaios radiográficos usuais. Quanto aos resultados do realce das descontinuidades, apesar de estes ainda não levarem a uma inspeção completamente autônoma e não supervisionada, apresentam resultados melhores do que aqueles existentes atualmente na literatura, principalmente quanto a correlação entre contraste visual do resultado do realce e a probabilidade de ocorrência de descontinuidades nas regiões demarcadas. Por fim, o realce das descontinuidades em conjunto com um aplicativo completo e iterativo contribui para uma maior leveza na atividade de inspeção, com o que se espera uma expressiva redução das taxas de erro devido à fadiga visual e um aumento considerável da produtividade através da automação das rotinas mais repetitivas de processamento digital a que as imagens radiográficas são submetidas durante sua inspeção.
The weld bead radiographic inspection is the activity of meticulously observe a radiographic image looking for small defects and discontinuities in the welded joints that can compromise the mechanical resistance of that joints. As any other activity than requires constant attention, the weld bead inspection is error prone due to visual fatigue, repetition and others distractions inherent to these activity. In this work, two new methodologies for help in the inspection activities are presented: the automatic detection of the weld bead and the highlighting of the weld bead discontinuities. Those that, among others functionalities, are included in a complete software solution for help in the weld bead inspection. Including the feature of macro programing for automation of the most common image processing routines and further processing bath of images in an automatic way. The results from the automatic weld bead detection is beyond the satisfactory, detecting weld bead from all the usual radiographic techniques. About the results of the highlight of the discontinuities, although that are not suited for a complete non supervised weld bead inspection, their correlation among intensity and the probability of the presence of a discontinuity is very well suited for discontinuities highlighting, a helpful tool in weld bead inspection. In conclusion, the proposed methodologies. combined with a fully featured interactive software solution, a lot contribute for the weld bead inspection activity, a decreased error rate due to visual fatigue and a better overall performance due to the automation of the most common procedures involved in this activity.
Jašíček, Radek. "Projekt výrobní linky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-254310.
Full textAntelo, Junior Ernesto Willams Molina. "Estimação conjunta de atraso de tempo subamostral e eco de referência para sinais de ultrassom." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2616.
Full textEm ensaios não destrutivos por ultrassom, o sinal obtido a partir de um sistema de aquisição de dados real podem estar contaminados por ruído e os ecos podem ter atrasos de tempo subamostrais. Em alguns casos, esses aspectos podem comprometer a informação obtida de um sinal por um sistema de aquisição. Para lidar com essas situações, podem ser utilizadas técnicas de estimativa de atraso temporal (Time Delay Estimation ou TDE) e também técnicas de reconstrução de sinais, para realizar aproximações e obter mais informações sobre o conjunto de dados. As técnicas de TDE podem ser utilizadas com diversas finalidades na defectoscopia, como por exemplo, para a localização precisa de defeitos em peças, no monitoramento da taxa de corrosão em peças, na medição da espessura de um determinado material e etc. Já os métodos de reconstrução de dados possuem uma vasta gama de aplicação, como nos NDT, no imageamento médico, em telecomunicações e etc. Em geral, a maioria das técnicas de estimativa de atraso temporal requerem um modelo de sinal com precisão elevada, caso contrário, a localização dessa estimativa pode ter sua qualidade reduzida. Neste trabalho, é proposto um esquema alternado que estima de forma conjunta, uma referência de eco e atrasos de tempo para vários ecos a partir de medições ruidosas. Além disso, reinterpretando as técnicas utilizadas a partir de uma perspectiva probabilística, estendem-se suas funcionalidades através de uma aplicação conjunta de um estimador de máxima verossimilhança (Maximum Likelihood Estimation ou MLE) e um estimador máximo a posteriori (MAP). Finalmente, através de simulações, resultados são apresentados para demonstrar a superioridade do método proposto em relação aos métodos convencionais.
Abstract (parágrafo único): In non-destructive testing (NDT) with ultrasound, the signal obtained from a real data acquisition system may be contaminated by noise and the echoes may have sub-sample time delays. In some cases, these aspects may compromise the information obtained from a signal by an acquisition system. To deal with these situations, Time Delay Estimation (TDE) techniques and signal reconstruction techniques can be used to perform approximations and also to obtain more information about the data set. TDE techniques can be used for a number of purposes in the defectoscopy, for example, for accurate location of defects in parts, monitoring the corrosion rate in pieces, measuring the thickness of a given material, and so on. Data reconstruction methods have a wide range of applications, such as NDT, medical imaging, telecommunications and so on. In general, most time delay estimation techniques require a high precision signal model, otherwise the location of this estimate may have reduced quality. In this work, an alternative scheme is proposed that jointly estimates an echo model and time delays for several echoes from noisy measurements. In addition, by reinterpreting the utilized techniques from a probabilistic perspective, its functionalities are extended through a joint application of a maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) and a maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimator. Finally, through simulations, results are presented to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over conventional methods.
Chu, Li Chih, and 朱立志. "A Comparative Study of the Non-destructive Testing Methods on Gas Pipelines in a Steel Manufacturing Plant." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4k4e7v.
Full text弘光科技大學
環境工程研究所
103
Pipeline is a very important part in chemical process, since Kaohsiung gas explosion occurred which caused heavy casualties and property losses due to neglected pipeline management. Chemical pipeline management become imperative. The purpose of this study is to compare the applicability of four non-destructive testing methods applied on steel plant gas pipelines. Besides, ultrasonic testing method was used to measure the pipeline thickness in order to evaluate the remaining life and the schedule of replacing a new pipeline. In this study, two welding traces were completed on 2-inch oxygen and natural gas supply pipelines, one is a qualified weld, the other is a defective weld. Three non-destructive testing used for analysis include liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing and radiographic testing. The advantages and disadvantages of each testing were discussed in five perspectives include internal functions, pipeline materials, object shape, real-time observation and the harmfulness of the testing methods. Ultrasonic testing method was used to evaluate the remaining life of the pipelines. The main results of this study is 1) internal functions: radiographic testing, ultrasonic testing can be used to detect the internal part of the pipelines; whether liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing cannot be. 2) pipeline material: liquid penetrant testing, radiographic testing and ultrasonic testing can be used for most materials; whether magnetic particle testing cannot be. 3) object shape: liquid penetrant testing can be used for more complex shapes;radiographic testing, ultrasonic testing and magnetic particle testing can only detect relatively simple shapes. 4) real-time observation: liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, ultrasonic testing can show the testing results immediately; whether radiographic testing cannot. 5) hazards of testing method: liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing and radiographic testing are hazardous themselves; ultrasonic testing is not hazardous. 6) the remaining life of the oxygen pipeline was estimated to be 7.3 years; natural gas pipeline was 8.3 years. 7) From the analysis of ultrasonic testing, it is found that the wearing rate of the pipeline elbow is more serious, therefore thinner thickness was measured relative to the other sampling tests. It is recommended that radiographic testing should be used for highly hazardous pipelines in the steel plant. In the case of flange welding, as the film cannot be placed evenly, penetrant testing should be used instead of radiographic testing. For the welding trace on the oxygen and the natural gas supply pipelines, it is recommended to adopt 100 percent proportional sampling test. Regarding life estimation of the pipeline, as the remaining life and the next testing time of both pipelines are close, and the pipeline position is adjacent to each other. It is recommended to test both pipelines in the meantime. Special attention should be paid for the abrasion in the elbow of pipelines to prevent pipeline leak. Keywords: Non-destructive testing, Liquid penetrant testing, Magnetic particle testing, Radiographic testing, Ultrasonic testing
Βαβουράκης, Βασίλειος. "Χρήση μεθόδων συνοριακών στοιχείων και τοπικών ολοκληρωτικών εξισώσεων χωρίς διακριτοποίηση για την αριθμητική επίλυση προβλημάτων κυματικής διάδοσης σε εφαρμογές μη-καταστροφικού ελέγχου." Thesis, 2006. http://nemertes.lis.upatras.gr/jspui/handle/10889/845.
Full textThe aim of this doctoral thesis is twofold: the development and implementation of numerical techniques for solving wave propagation problems in Non-Destructive Testing applications. Particularly, the Boundary Element Method (BEM) and the Local Boyndary Integral Equation Method are developed, so as to numerically solve static and transient problems on the field of elasticity and fluid-structure interaction in two dimensions. A major part of the present research is the construction of a computer program for solving such kind of problems. This textbook consists of three sections. In the first section, a thorough description on the theory of the BEM and the Local Meshless Methods (LMM) is done. The second section is dedicated for the numerical implementation of the BEM and LMM for solving steady state and time-harmonic two dimensional elastic and acoustic problems, in order to verify the accuracy and the ability of the proposed methodologies to solve the above-mentioned problems. Finally in the third section, the wave propagation problems of traction-free plates and cylindrical fuel storage tanks is studied, from the perspective of Non-Destructive Testing. The numerical methods of BEM and LMM are implemented, as well as spectral methods are utilized, for drawing useful conclusions on the wave propagation phenomena.