Academic literature on the topic 'Technocenosis'

Аnnotation Purpose. To conduct integrated studies of complex biotechnical systems, to predict their sustainable and efficient functioning as a part of large biological factories, which will contribute to a significant increase in agricultural output at both the regional and national levels. Methods. Dialectic, system analysis and synthesis. Results. The features of functioning and properties of the biotechnical system of the entomological production are determined. The structural scheme of the technological system is developed. Conclusions. Taking into account all the peculiarities of reproduction of insect cultures in technocenosis and the principles of organizing an industrial enterprise from the point of view of system analysis, it has been proved that entomological production is a complicated open probable biotechnical system. Keywords: biotechnical system, production, technology, products, insect culture, technocenosis.

To increase energy efficiency at non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises, an integrated system approach for estimation of electricity consumption is needed. The paper presents the results of a rank analysis of the power consumption of individual castes of process equipment on the basis of an integrated energy survey of the enterprise. A methodology for constructing mathematical models for calculating and predicting electric power consumption for all castes of the ranked H-distribution of technocenosis has been developed. For the first time, according to the established regularity of the H-distribution, a mathematical model for predicting power consumption has been developed, including a quantitative analysis of the energy characteristics of consumers by individual castes of technocenosis. A retrospective check of the relative error in the prediction of electricity consumption showed that for the model it does not exceed 2%, which is significantly lower than the relative error of the prediction for a number of models of other types. The received model is recommended for use in the automated system of dispatching control of power consumption for the purposes of short-term forecasting of electric power consumption at industrial enterprises of non-ferrous metallurgy.

The paper presents a method to assess the efficiency and the potential of energy saving in the municipal public sector on the example of the network of Krasnoyarsk municipal educational institutions. It is performed according to criteria expressions based on the law of optimal formation of technocenosis by comparing two integral indicators, one of them characterizes a positive effect, and another one expresses costs

The prerequisites for the implementation of distributed generation facilities in the power grid complex of the region are highlighted. A technocenological approach has been chosen for the economically and technically sound implementation of power sources. The procedures for the verification and visualization of the technocenosis were carried out, and the stability of the existing generation system was determined. The analysis of the generating complex with the power units expected to be commissioned has been carried out. It is concluded that it is necessary to install a distributed generation facility of low power to improve energy security.

The objective of the paper is to define long-term trends and factors in the development of the world energy industry and their refraction to Ukrainian realities. The article consists of an introduction, three sections, namely: the main trends in the development of the global fuel and energy complex, analysis of the current state, long-term trends and factors in the development of the national fuel and energy complex of Ukraine. Conclusions end the paper. As for the world energy sector it is shown that its modern changes – Grand Transit – are due to the ideology of sustainable development and have the character of an extraordinary change in the technocenosis, the transition from the use of fossil fuels to energy from renewable sources, mainly – wind and photovoltaic nature. Along with the major tendencies of the Great Transition, there is also the trilemization and politicization of energy sector. Trilemization components are: Energy Security, Energy Equity and Environmental Sustainability. There are three scenarios for the development of the global energy – Unfinished Symphony, Modern Jazz and Hardrock, distinguished by the degree of greening and the availability of energy resources. Political motives are becoming more and more significant at all levels – from global to local. Major players are lobbying their interests, there is an activity of structures from the field of nuclear energy, powerful fuel companies, owners of gas transportation and gas distribution infrastructure. In Ukraine, transformation processes are taking place against the backdrop of low environmental acceptability and high depreciation of fuel and energy sector facilities and infrastructure, political and economic instability. The requirements of decarbonization create challenges to the very existence of coal energy, which is the main component of the energy generating fund of the country and the regions, where mines are located. Options for the development of hydrogen/ammonia energy in the form of vertically integrated energy-chemical systems with the nuclear power plants and reformed coal-fired thermal power plants are considered as promising; energy diversification of mining regions; the creation of virtual power plants based on hydrodynamic water heating installations.

Background. Determination of plant species diversity in the areas of solid waste landfills (hereinafter “landfills”) was carried out in order to identify patterns of vegetation cover and give an ecological assessment of the technocenosis. Plant species diversity was definedon the territories of Derhachiv and Rohan landfills in the city of Kharkiv. Materials and Methods. The method of linear routes and trial areas was used to determine the number of species. The degree of coverage was measured by the Drude method. The degree of similarity was determined by calculating the Jacquard coefficient. Plants were systematized by species, life forms, life expectancy, types of cenomorphs. Results and Discussion. 117 species have been recorded at Kharkiv landfills in total. At Rohan landfill and in the adjacent territories the vegetation cover is represented by 92 species, at Derhachiv landfill – by 93 species. Because of the uneven distribution of vegetation in the territories, areas of landfills were identified according to the specifics of vegetation cover (4 for Derhachiv and 3 for Rohan landfills). The most pronounced species diversity of plants at Derhachiv landfill is in the zone of natural landscape (44.0 %), at Rohan landfill – in the zone of ruderal landscape (38.4 %). The obtained data were classified by plant species composition and the conditions of their existence. Herbaceous plants of Derhachiv and Rohan llandfills are dominant in terms of life forms – 83.8% and 85.8%, respectively. Perennial plants predominate in terms of life expectancy – 53.8 % and 52.2 %, respectively. By their practical use, landfill plants include medicinal (18.6 %), food (11.1 %), and honey (10.8 %) ones; phytomeliorant plants constitute the smallest part – 2.2 %. The Drude method was used to determine the degree of coverage. The dominant families at both landfills are Asteraceae (24.6 %) and Poaceae (13 %). Jacquard similarity coefficients ranged from 0.18 in the least similar zones to 0.75 in similar zones. Cj calculated for two landfills equals 0.11. The plants were systematized by cenomorphic affiliation. The leading type of cenomorph for the flora of landfills is ruderal species (Ru); a significant share is occupied by forest plants (Sil), meadow (Pr) and steppe (St) plant species. Conclusions. Solid waste landfill sites are characterized by a high degree of transformation, which is clearly manifested in the vegetation formation patterns. The significant difference between the vegetation cover of landfill areas (Сj = 0.11) indicates a low degree of similarity of species diversity due to the specifics of technogenesis of the studied ecosystems, historical landscape and preconditions for the formation of vegetation. Natural grass cover on the landfills is replaced by ruderal and shrub cover, which indicates harsh living conditions for cultivated plants and succession processes. There are three main patterns of the formarion of vegetation cover in the landfills: as a result of severe disturbances, indigenous plants are replaced by ruderants in the process of succession, while uncharacteristic species are introduced by biotic and abiotic factors. Keywords: vegetation cover, Derhachiv landfill, Rohan landfill, transformed landscapes, cenomorphic affiliation

Актуальність теми: напрямки розвитку ЛЕС повинні базуватися на розвитку мережевої інфраструктури і генеруючих потужностей, забезпеченні задоволення довгострокового і середньострокового попиту на електричну енергію і потужність, формуванні стабільних і сприятливих умов для залучення інвестицій в модернізацію мереж. Прогнозування майбутніх показників електроспоживання дозволяє досягти найважливішого принципу формування надійної та ефективної роботи ЛЕС - забезпечення чіткого системного балансу виробництва та споживання енергії. Тому дослідження прогнозування розвитку ЛЕС є досить актуальним під час змін, що відбуваються у країні. Мета дослідження: застосування і адаптація техноценологічного методу для прогнозування обсягів енергоспоживання локальної енергетичної системи. Формування програми модернізації локальної енергетичної системи енергоспоживання. Задачі дослідження: Для досягнення мети було сформульовано такі задачі: - Аналіз напрямків розвитку сучасних локальних та регіональних енергетичних систем; - Визначення технічної політики модернізації ЛЕС; - Прогнозування енергоспоживання ЛЕС за допомогою техноценологіч-ного підходу; - Використання техноценологічного аналізу як розвиток ЛЕС за рахунок використання нового обладнання; - Аналіз заміщення традиційної генерації на гнучку в ЛЕС; - Формування програми модернізації системи енергоспоживання на основі техноценологічного підходу; - Складення програми модернізації системи прогнозування щодо розвитку ЛЕС, як пропозицію для обленерго. Об’єкт дослідження: режими функціонування локальної енергетичної системи, методи керування системою для підвищення її енергетичної ефективності. Предмет дослідження: процеси енергоспоживання локальної енергетичної системи. Наукова новизна одержаних результатів: на основі проведеного аналізу прогнозування розвитку ЛЕС було розроблено програму модернізації системи енергоспоживання на основі техноценологічного підходу, що дало змогу, використати програму модернізації системи як пропозицію для обленерго. На основі проведеного техноценологічного аналізу було побудовано ранговий аналіз енергоспоживання ЛЕС, проведено інтервальне оцінювання результатів аналізу та виявлено елементи ЛЕС з аномальним енергоспоживанням, що дало змогу оцінити потенціал впровадження гнучкої генерації з точки розвитку ЛЕС. Практичне значення роботи: робота має практичне значення при проведенні реконструкції та модернізації ЛЕС використовуючи програму модернізації системи енергоспоживання на основі техноценологічного підходу.
Actuality of theme. The directions of the development of forestry should be based on the development of network infrastructure and generating capacity, ensuring the satisfaction of long-term and medium-term demand for electricity and power, the formation of stable and favorable conditions for attracting investments in modernization of networks. Forecasting of future indicators of electric consumption allows achieving the most important principle of forming a reliable and effective forestry work - providing a clear system balance of production and energy consumption. Therefore, research on forestry development forecasting is very relevant during the changes taking place in the country. The purpose of the study is the application and adaptation of the technocenological method for forecasting the volumes of energy consumption of the local power system. Formation of the program of modernization of the local power system of energy consumption. Tasks of research To achieve the goal, the following tasks were formulated: - Analysis of directions of development of modern local and regional power systems; - Definition of the technical policy of forestry modernization; - Forecasting of forest energy consumption using technocenological approach; - Use of technocenological analysis as forest development through the use of new equipment; - Analysis of replacement of traditional generation to flexible in forest; - Formation of the program of modernization of the system of energy consumption on the basis of technocenological approach; - Completion of the program of modernization of the forecast system for the development of forest, as a proposal for oblenergo. Object of research: operating modes of the local power system, methods of management of the system to increase its energy efficiency. Subject of research: processes of energy consumption of the local power system. Scientific novelty of the obtained results - On the basis of the analysis of forecasting the development of forestry, a program for modernizing the energy consumption system was developed on the basis of the technocenological approach, which made it possible to use the program of modernization of the system as a proposal for the oblenergo. - On the basis of the technocenological analysis, a rank analysis of forest energy consumption was constructed, an interval estimation of the results of the analysis was carried out, and elements of forest with abnormal energy consumption were identified, which made it possible to estimate the potential of introducing a flexible generation from the point of development of forest. The practical significance of the results The work is of practical importance during the reconstruction and modernization of the forest using the program of modernization of the system of energy consumption on the basis of the technocenological approach.

В докладе представлен метод прогнозирования электропотребления на основе векторного рангового анализа. Отличительной особенностью векторного рангового анализа является возможность представления рангового параметрического распределения в векторном ранговом пространстве, которое характеризуется достаточным набором показателей. На основе показателей векторного рангового анализа существует возможность исследовать как статическое состояние электросетевого комплекса, так и динамическое. Одним из них является ранговый фазовый угол. Полученное значение рангового фазового угла используется для прогнозирования. Экспериментальная проверка метода показала, что показатели прогнозирования электропотребления на основе векторного рангового анализа значительно лучше, т.е. точность прогноза выше. В связи с этим, для реализации среднесрочного прогнозирования электропотребления на объектах РЭСК целесообразно выбрать метод на основе векторного рангового анализа