Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Techniques de chimie analytique'
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Ayoub, Elie. "Caractérisation des effluents d’expérimentations EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery) grâce à des techniques de microfluidique analytique." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS017.
Full textChemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (cEOR) is one of the methods used to meet the growing demand for oil. Among these methods we can find the surfactant flooding. Surfactant flooding consists in injecting an aqueous formulation, containing surfactants, in order to obtain ultra-low interfacial tensions (typically <10-2 mN / m) between water and oil and thus mobilize the oil trapped by capillary forces in the reservoir. Generally, a salinity-scan is performed, in the laboratory, to determine the optimal salinity (S*) of the formulation which corresponds to a minimum of interfacial tension. The optimal formulation is then evaluated through a "coreflood test" which is carried out on a rock sample under conditions (Pressure and Temperature) very close to those of the reservoir. The performance of a coreflood experiment is evaluated by determining the amount of oil recovered and the amount of surfactants retained in the reservoir (by adsorption). These two parameters are of prime importance to confirm the economic viability of the cEOR process. Currently, coreflood effluents are collected in tubes throughout the experiment and the analyses are performed offline. The quantity of oil recovered is measured by volumetry (water/oil ratio in the tubes) or RMN. Surfactants are dosed in the aqueous phase by hyamine assay or by HPLC. It is noteworthy that these analyses may be difficult to carry out experimentally since the effluents may contain emulsions that are difficult to separate. Moreover, it is unclear whether all surfactants are well in the aqueous phase, or whether they are partly trapped in the oil phase. To overcome these difficulties and quantify the two important parameters of coreflood experiments, we have developed an integrated online measurement technique based on microfluidic tools. The experimental setup includes: a dilution chip to transfer the surfactants in the aqueous phase, an observation chamber to quantify the water / oil ratio of the effluent by image analysis, a membrane-based separation device, and an on-line UV-visible spectrometer for surfactants quantification. This experimental setup was successfully validated with model fluid mixtures (decane, NaCl brines and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate SDBS), and was evaluated on real systems (crude oil and industrial surfactant formulations). Finally, it was tested under representative conditions of coreflood experiments, being directly connected to the output of a coreflood test. The results obtained during this thesis work proved the effectiveness of the experimental setup to facilitate the quantification of the surfactants in the effluents of the coreflood experiments, and the volume of oil recovered. They showed a clear improvement compared to the quantification protocols currently applied
Lefebvre, Thibault. "Production d'extraits non colorés de plantes enrichis en composés bioactifs. Investigation des techniques d’extraction modernes (US, MO, SFE, PLE)." Thesis, Orléans, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ORLE3062.
Full textIn the field of cosmetics, many raw materials are used and natural extracts from plants represent a large part of them. Plant extracts can have different activities: antioxidants, anti-aging ... However, their color mainly due to pigments can be an obstacle to their use because they can have stability problems. Their degradation results in a change of color which may be incompatible with their formulation.The objective of the thesis is to find selective conditions in order to extract compounds of interest without pigments (mainly chlorophylls).Initially, a study of the stability of chlorophylls allowed identification of extraction and storage conditions in order to identify and quantify native chlorophylls and their degradation products according to the different operating approaches. This made it possible to identify extraction and storage conditions limiting their degradation. Secondly, modeling was carried out, mainly by supercritical chromatography, to determine selective extraction conditions, with supercritical fluids, of antioxidant molecules (carnosic and rosmarinic acids) on the one hand and chlorophyll pigments on the other hand from rosemary, without the need for numerous extraction experiments. Finally, a sequential supercritical CO2 extraction using conditions determined by the previous model was developed. An online extraction/chromatography system was developed to support this development through extraction kinetics studies. This extraction allowed the realization of four fractions respectively rich in carotenoids, carnosic acid, rosmarinic acid and chlorophylls
Henrion, Patrick. "Contribution à l'étude et à la mise au point de techniques analytiques permettant de doser les hydrocarbures totaux dans des matrices solides ou liquides." Metz, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1999/Henrion.Patrick.SMZ9915.pdf.
Full textHENRION, PATRICK Gruber René. "CONTRIBUTION A L'ETUDE ET A LA MISE AU POINT DE TECHNIQUES ANALYTIQUES PERMETTANT DE DOSER LES HYDROCARBURES TOTAUX DANS DES MATRICES SOLIDES OU LIQUIDES /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1999. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1999/Henrion.Patrick.SMZ9915.pdf.
Full textPop-Botez, Iuliana-Ecaterina. "Nouvelles techniques chimiques et analytiques en phase solide, appliquées à la synthèse parallèle à haut débit." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-93.pdf.
Full textRasouli, Sousan. "Un nouveau domaine d'application des sciences de la séparation en chimie analytique : l'analyse et la purification des particules microniques et colloi͏̈dales par les techniques du fractionnement par couplage flux-force." Limoges, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIMO302B.
Full textOuchefoun, Moussa. "Nouvelles applications analytiques des ions tribromures : cas des petroles." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066454.
Full textGlotin, Hervé. "Elaboration et comparaison de systèmes adaptatifs multi-flux de reconnaissance robuste de la parole : incorporation des indices de voisement et de localisation." Grenoble INPG, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPG0043.
Full textHaxaire, Katia. "Conformation du hyaluronane et interactions en solution et à l'état solide." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10156.
Full textHaudebourg, Raphaël. "Application de la pulvérisation cathodique à la chromatographie en phase gazeuse miniature Une nouvelle technique de dépôt collectif de la phase stationnaire pour la fabrication de micro colonnes sur puce: faisabilité, caractérisations, et applications pétrolières." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-01003736.
Full textRoussel, David. "Intégration de prédictions linguistiques issues d'applications à partir d'une grammaire d'arbres hors-contexte : contribution à l'analyse de la parole." Grenoble 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10209.
Full textAguerre, Sandrine. "Développement de méthodes analytiques associant la SPME à des techniques couplées GC-détecteur spécifique (FPD, PFPD, MIP-AES, ICP-AES, ICP-MS) pour la spéciation de l'étain et du sélénium." Pau, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PAUU3038.
Full textToxicity of metals and metalloids towards the different parts of the ecosystem is highly dependent on their chemical form. Therefore, the development of sensitive speciation methods should be performed to allow their monitoring in the environment. A large part of this work deals with the development of new analytical procedures for the speciation of organotin compounds. The innovations are based on the use of a new preconcentration technique, SPME (solid phase microextraction) and on the hyphenation of gas chromatography (GC) with different specific detectors (FPD, PFPD, MIP-AES, ICP-AES, ICP-MS). Sorption and desorption steps in SPME have been studied and optimised using experimental design methodology. For the first time, new transfer lines (GC-ICP-MS and GC-ICP-AES) have been tested and the performances of all the detectors were compared in terms of selectivity and sensitivity. All the procedures allow detection limits lower then 0. 5 ng(Sn). L-1 to be reached for butyl- and phenyltins. Water samples, sediments, biological tissues and sludge from wastewater treatment plant have been analysed in order to evaluate the suitability of this method on real samples. A kinetic study of sorption-desorption behaviour of organotins during SPME has been performed. A spontaneous desorption behaviour has been noted. The influence of humic substances, representative of natural samples, on extraction yields has also been demonstrated. In a last part, potential of SPME for the sorption of methylated and inorganic forms of selenium followed by GC-PFPD analysis has been explored. First applications on water samples have been carried out
Moll, Manfred. "Évaluation de la qualité brassicole du malt : application et signification des techniques d'analyses." Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10004.
Full textMorineau, Gilles. "Intérêt du carbone 13 en chimie analytique." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P126.
Full textDorey, Samuel. "Des chaînes isolées à des films hautement cristallins et orientés de polyaniline." Mulhouse, 2007. https://www.learning-center.uha.fr/opac/resource/des-chaines-isolees-a-des-films-hautement-cristallins-et-orientes-de-polyaniline/BUS4081420.
Full textNew synthesis methods of polyaniline are reported resulting in the formation of either nano-crystals, or nanoparticles. On the first hand, we have obtained highly crystalline and auto-oriented films directly after the synthesis. The relationship between the synthesis conditions and the structure of the polyaniline has been established. Fabrication of highly oriented free-standing films of metallic and semi-conducting polymers can open new perspectives for their applications in “plastic electronics”. On the other hand, we also succeeded to isolate chains, under nanoparticles, during the synthesis. Nanoparticles were obtained with a molecular colloid of a polyelectrolyte. The optical properties of polyaniline isolated chains are really different from those of stacked chains. The following methods and techniques have been employed : AFM, DRX, WAXS-2D, UV-Vis-NIR, spectroscopies IR&Raman, TEM, SEM, ATG, et DSC
Bouassab, Abderrahman. "Etude thermoanalytique, radiocristallographique et spectroscopique d'une série de composés dérivés de l'acide camphorique." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON13501.
Full textFlis, Paulna. "Développement de méthodes analytiques pour une spéciation à grande échelle des composés métalliques dans les plantes." Thesis, Pau, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PAUU3023/document.
Full textNumerous metals, such as, e.g. Zn, Fe, Cu or Ni play an essential role in normal plant growth and development as they are involved in different physiological processes that may be, however, disrupted by metal deficiency or excess. Therefore, to regulate metal uptake, translocation and accumulation plants have developed diverse mechanisms including the production of low molecular mass metal binding metabolites. The knowledge of these forms of metals and the processes they undergo in plants can be used in environmental, nutrition and toxicological studies. However, this knowledge was very limited as there was a lack of methodology that could be successfully applied to investigate trace metal speciation in plants. Therefore, the aim of this study was the development of the methodology for the analysis of metal species in complex plant samples. The novel approach is based on the use of combination of (i) HPLC – ICP MS coupling allowing the detection of numerous, often low concentrated, metal-containing species with (ii) a parallel identification using HPLC – electrospray Orbitrap MS/MS coupling. The developed approach allowed the identification of (i) ca. 60 different, mainly previously unreported metal species in saps of Pisum Sativum (green pea) and (ii) several mixed iron – aluminum – citrate complexes in Plantago almogravensis. This developed methodology was also applied to (iii) investigate selenium speciation in Brassica nigra allowing the identification of more than 30 selenium-containing low molecular mass compounds
Chevallier, Emmanuel. "Etude expérimentale de la photooxydation de deux hydroperoxydes organiques par une approche multiphasique troposphérique : impacts atmosphériques." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077038.
Full textČáková, Veronika. "Contribution à l'étude phytochimique d'orchidées tropicales : identification des constituants d'Aerides rosea et d'Acampe rigida : techniques analytiques et préparatives appliquées à Vanda coerulea et Vanda teres." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00997451.
Full textVandeput, Marie. "Développement d’un dispositif en flux intégrant un générateur et un détecteur ampérométrique pour l’étude de composés pharmaceutiques et agro-alimentaires." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/268509.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Pharmacie)
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Pucci, Roland. "Analyses chimiques automatisées à flux continu : notions pratiques et théoriques : exemple d'application." Nice, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NICE4028.
Full textRatieuville, Yann. "Contribution à l'étude de l'électrodépôt de cadmium sur or et platine." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ECAP0722.
Full textBasnig, Deomila. "Élaboration de films minces de silice pour des applications en chimie analytique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0102.
Full textOriented mesoporous silica-based film on FTO electrode was prepared via electrochemically-assisted self-assembly approach (EASA). A potential of -1.5V was applied to the FTO electrode containing a prehydrolyzed silica precursor, (e.g. tetraethyl orthosilicate), in the presence of a template (e.g. cetrimonium bromide) and electrolyte. This approach could generate vertically-aligned silica nanochannels with pore sizes adjustable between 2 and 3 nm, depending on the template. This work showed the voltammetric behavior and the selectivity of the mesoporous silica film towards various positively-charged cations of different nature, size, and charge. Results showed an accumulation and selectivity favoring the least positive charged ion: MB⁺ > PQ²⁺ > DQ²⁺ > Ru(bpy)₃²⁺ > Ru(NH₃)₆³⁺. The enhancement of the voltammetric signals relative to the bare FTO electrode was strongly dependent on the probe type. The accumulation of the different redox probe is attributed to the due to the vertical orientation of the nanochannel favoring fast transport and diffusion unto the electrode surface. Further electrochemical characterization showed an interplay of the suface-controlled and diffusion-controlled process, wherein adsorbed species is more prominent in diluted media. Results showed that changing the debye length and electrokinetic radius of the silica nanochannel due to the ionic strength or nanochannel diameter also affects the transport and electrochemical detection of the paraquat analyte. Mesoporous silica films having different pore size, prepared using different alkyl ammonium bromide as template, yield different sensitivities, which could be due to the difference in electrochemical charge of the silica surface, as well as the distribution of ions in the nanochannel. Finally, an attempt to modify the surface of silica wall using zirconia was also made to study the transport of cations, which could pave a way for an improved stability of the mesoporous film
Buret, David. "Etude pharmaceutique et analytique d'un principe actif anticonvulsivant : l'Avizafone." Orléans, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ORLE2032.
Full textBunescu, Andrei. "Photo-et biodégradation de dérivés du benzothiazole : étude en système combiné." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00713567.
Full textCambrai, Amandine. "Authenticité du chocolat : Conception de méthodes d'analyse pour la détermination de l'origine géographique de chocolats." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR13148.
Full textChorier, Émilie. "Mise au point de méthodes d’analyse de substances critiques potentiellement présentes dans les produits et procédés de la filière cuir." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10046.
Full textPas de résumé anglais
Do, Bernard. "Spéciation analytique de l'arsenic : applications biologiques." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05P618.
Full textJakab, Sandrine. "Cinétique de précipitation par voie électrochimique et de dissolution de solides mixtes de type molybdates ou hydroxydes/oxydes de lanthanide : étude de gravimétrie." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066774.
Full textDubascoux, Stéphane. "Développement d’une méthode de fractionnement par couplage flux force (FFF) multi détection pour la caractérisation de colloïdes naturels." Pau, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PAUU3038.
Full textThe role of colloids is crucial in environmental processes. They can control the transport of chemical pollutants and play a major role in biogeochemical cycles. Despite colloids are known for a long time, they remain often neglected in environmental studies due to the lack of convenient analytical tools. This work concerns the development of analytical conditions for the analysis and the fractionation of two main natural colloid populations (nanoparticles and humic acids) by As-Fl-FFF (Asymmetrical Flow-Field Flow Fractionation). This fractionation tool is associated to several detectors as Ultraviolet/Visible and Multi-Angle Laser Light Scattering (MALLS). Monitoring and quantification of trace elements were also performed thanks to the hyphenation with an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). Finally an original approach combining colloidal fractionation of a landfill leachate and chemical speciation of tin associated to its different colloidal fractions was realised. This new approach has shown the potentiality and the importance of colloidal consideration in environmental studies
Floch, Julien. "Instrumentation in situ et modélisation pour l'étude des variations haute fréquence des sels nutritifs dans la colonne d'eau." Brest, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BRES2035.
Full textYoussef, Mohamad. "Etude, réalisation et utilisation d'un système de déplacements, d'acquisition et de traitement des données pour l'étude des surfaces et interfaces semiconductrices." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20038.
Full textMillot, Norbert. "Les lixiviats de décharge contrôlée : - caractérisation analytique, : - étude des filières de traitement." Lyon, INSA, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ISAL0011.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to improve the knowledge of the landfill leachates, by analytical characterization and the determination of the adapted treatment chains. Five leachates of industrial landfills or domestic wastes landfills are selected for this study. The analytical characterization uses classical parameters of wastewater analysis and also organic matter identification by gel permeation chromatography. Different treatment processes are studied successively: extended aeration, anaerobic digestion, chemical precipitation, coagulation-flocculation, activated carbon adsorption, oxidation and the combination of these different treatment ways. By means of chromatographic profiles at different points in the treatment scheme, it is possible to control the efficiency of them. An adapted way of treatment processes is proposed for each of the five leachates. A system of treatability diagnosis is also proposed. This methodology which was checked on a score of different leachates, permits to define rapidly the treatment way of an unknown leachate
Maret, Laure. "Application de la technique de thermodésorption pour l'analyse de 93 COV et le screening des COV dans l'air des lieux de travail." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070680.
Full textRoche, Marine. "Développement de méthodes analytiques pour l'étude de la stabilité et de la compatibilité de médicaments sous forme de solution ou de systèmes dispersés. Application en anesthésie-réanimation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILS021.
Full textThe research subject of this PhD focused on the development of analytical methods to assess the stability or incompatibilities of injectable anaesthetic drugs in solution or in dispersed systems.The first part of this work involved a study of the stability of cisatracurium besylate ampoules produced by the pharmacy of Lille University Hospital to ensure continuity of care for intensive care patients in the context of supply disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The stability study was conducted on a batch of 4,000 ampoules stored at 2-8°C for 18 months. This study required the validation of a stability-indicating HPLC-UV method for the determination of cisatracurium and laudanosine, one of its degradation products described as a marker of its instability. In addition, the use of an HPLC-mass spectrometry method enabled the identification of degradation products and the study of degradation pathways. Our results showed that cisatracurium solutions at 10mg/mL were stable for 15 months under our preparation and storage conditions. The main degradation pathway observed under our study conditions (ester hydrolysis) differed from that previously described (Hofmann pathway). This highlights the imponderability of conducting stability studies under conditions representative of the actual use of drugs. The second part of this thesis led us to study the incompatibility between different drugs used in anaesthesia and intensive care units. The models studied were the simultaneous administration of propofol and alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists (α2A; clonidine or dexmedetomidine) used in multimodal analgesia. The data available in the literature refers to concentrations and ratios that are not representative of those encountered in hospital wards, potentially exposing patients to drug hazards. We assessed the compatibility of propofol-α2A combinations under conditions mimicking those encountered in critical care units. Eight conditions per combination were evaluated over 96 hours, in triplicate, varying the simulated mass flow rates for each drug and for patient weights of 45 and 150 kg. To assess the chemical compatibility of these combinations, we developed and validated 3 stability-indicating HPLC-UV assay methods to study the stability of propofol, clonidine and dexmedetomidine in combination for 96 hours. The physical compatibility of the emulsion in combination was assessed using a granulometer coupled to a zeta potential measurement (with positive and negative controls). Our results demonstrated the physico-chemical stability of propofol-α2A mixtures representative of those used in current practice.In conclusion, the results of this work have provided scientific validation of hospital pharmacy and care service practices. They also highlighted the fundamental role of pharmacists in guaranteeing the quality of patient drug management, by using their skills in analytical chemistry to assess compatibility and stability data
Belaid, Chokri. "Oxydation électrochimique des composés phénoliques présents dans les margines ; suivi et contrôle analytique." Paris, CNAM, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CNAM0524.
Full textOlive mill wastewaters (OMW) constitute a strong environmental concern in countries where the production of olive oil is important. Their harmfulness comes from their high content of mineral and organic compounds and of toxic polyphenols, inhibiting the biologic activity of micro-organisms. Polyphenolic compounds are still poorly described anf few analytical techniques are convenient for their quantitative assesment. The first goal of this work has been the development of new analytical techniques for the detection and the assay pf polyphenolic compounds contained in OMW. The second goal of this work has been the development of an electrochemical process for the destruction of these toxic polyphenolic compounds. Samples of OMW have been fully characterized by several analytical techniques (UV-Visible, cyclic voltammetry, GC/MS and RMN). Specifically GC/MS technique has allowed the identification of 18 phenolic monomer compounds, some of them exhibiting very efficient anti oxidizing properties. Electrochemical treatment of OMW at appropriate electrodes (platinised titanium mesh, boron doped diamond) allows for the complete destruction of toxic phenolic compounds and for a strong diminution of the polluting organic compounds (Biologic Demand of Oxygen, Total Organic Carbon: BDO, TOC)
Papillon, Marie-Christine. "Minéralogie des pigments picturaux : étude par microscopie électronique analytique en transmission." Paris 12, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA120050.
Full textDelgado, Robles Alma Angelina. "Approche analytique et expérimentale pour la caractérisation des exsudats et goudrons de plantes archéologiques : préhistoire, ethno-archéologie et chimie." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4102.
Full textAmong the materials that have been exploited in ancient periods, organic substances are probably the most challenging to study due to their partial or total alteration in consequence of their organic nature. Issued from organic biomaterials such as resins, beeswax, animal fats or plant oils, they are preserved in low amount as amorphous organic residues and are often difficult to detect at the archaeological field. They give evidence for the use of animal, plant and fossil products that were of great importance for various aspects of human life, including diet, medicine, funerary rituals, as well as economic and technical activities. Because they lack recognizable morphological attributes, the only way to determine their nature and origin relies on the development of analytical strategies that allow elucidation of their chemical composition. These substances share common features in the field of archaeology and chemistry: they are made of complex molecular mixtures which are often preserved at low amount. In some cases, these materials were mixed with various adjuvants such as beeswax, plant oils, animal fats, clay, and ochre, among others, that will also need to be considered for the characterization of the objects that belong to the Cultural Heritage. We focus our research on fresh and fossil plant exudates and tars that have been largely used since prehistory onwards in Europe. Concerning the study of fresh organic substances, ethnoarchaeological research has been carried out in collaboration with the ONGUENT project (Goudrons végétaux à usage médicinal en Méditerranée: passés et présents. Burri, Sylvain/Traces, Toulouse) in order to identify and characterize the chemical composition and establishing the biomarkers of the ethnoarchaeological conifer tars from Cupressaceae and Taxaceae (Juniperus oxycedrus, Juniperus thurifera, Taxus baccata, Tetraclinis articulata) obtained from antique techniques in the High Atlas, Morocco. By understanding the manufacturing methods of ethnoarcheological samples and to assess the different techniques employed in their production, it is possible to obtain a reference data on contemporary materials.On the other hand, archaeological samples were analyzed from different sites between Europe and Asia by means of FTIR, SEM, DI-MS, and GC-MS methods. Biomolecular characterization of natural products such as birch bark tar and pine resin were raised. Besides, mixtures between pine resin with birch bark tar and pine resin with a species belonging to the family of Burseraceae were identified
HERRMANN, NORBERT. "Application de techniques ultrasonores a l'etude de dispersions." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR13233.
Full textCoulange, Baptiste. "Détection et correction de l’aliasing par extension du signal analytique aux images numériques." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05S008.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the detection and correction of an artifact inherent to all digital acquisition : aliasing. First we study its effects on simples image modelisations. Particularly periodical structures on which aliasing occurs frequently. Then we can define a spectral aliasing link which characterize frequencies (or frequency domains) pairs linked by aliasing relation. In the same time, with an extention of analytic signal, we obtain analytic parts. The modulus of these complex images isn't much impacted by poor sampling. With this definition, we are able to locate on what place of the image occurs a given frequency domain. Bad sampled images contain a lot of frequency pairs in an spectral aliasing link which occurs on the same image domain, we are so able to build two aliasing detection methods with the a contrario framework. The images often used for image processing tests are not suited to the study of aliasing. We build a test database appropriate for the aliasing in order to validate our algorithm. We also use these algorithms to compare some existing earth observation systems, thanks to datas from CNES, with the aliasing point of view. With the results of the detection algorithms, we show with an oracle that a local no-aliasing hypothesis may be very useful for image interpolation
ABDALLA, MOHAMED. "Quelques problemes en geometrie analytique de dimension infinie." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066441.
Full textCollange, Edmond. "Quelques aspects physico-chimiques des iodothyronines : ionisation, complexation, réduction électrochimique, analyse chromatographique en phase gazeuse." Dijon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986DIJOS061.
Full textJONVEL, PATRICK. "Objectif : validation; implications reglementaires et pratiques pour les laboratoires de chimie analytique de l'industrie pharmaceutique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR15061.
Full textBerrima, Besma. "Etude structurale et chimique de la lignine d'Alfa et sa valorisation comme macromonomère et/ou précurseur du charbon actif." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI071/document.
Full textLignin precipitated from black liquor of alfa (Stipa tenacissima) soda cooking before being carefully characterized and valorized following two different approaches: (i) its utilization after chemical modification in view of preparing rigid polyurethane foams; and (ii) its simple pyrolysis simple, in order to prepare charcoal. In fact, a comparative study concerning the careful characterization of the hydroxyl functions was realized using several methods and techniques, namely: the conductimetric titration and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. In the first approach, the precipitated lignin was converted in liquid polyols thanks to a chain-extension reaction with propylene oxide. These formulations were optimized by inspecting the effect of different parameters: lignin/propylene oxide ratio, the amount of catalyst, the molecular weight of the prepared polyols, the hydroxyl index and the glass transition temperature. The hydroxyl indexes and the viscosity of the prepared polyols were determined. The rigid polyurethane foams were studied in terms of their density, morphology and mechanical properties. The lignin was then used as a precursor for the preparation of charcoal without any activation treatment and compared with commercial homologue. The kinetic of the adsorption was performed and showed that the adsorption equilibrium is reached at about 50 min, and followed a pseudo-first order kinetic model. The adsorption isotherms revealed that lignin-based charcoal retained efficiently the metallic ions and presented a maximum adsorption capacity varying from 200 to 400 µmol/g. This is true even for concentrations much lower than 20 ppm. Le saturated lignin-based charcoal was efficiently regenerated by washing with solutions of EDTA or a nitric acid.The two approaches of the valorization of lignin precipitated from black liquor gave materials with promising properties. Thus, in the majority of cases, materials with properties similar to conventional ones were obtained, which presents a viable option of rational valorization of this industrial abundant and renewable by-product
Makki, Safwat. "De la chimie physique à la thérapeutique, les psoralènes : la polarité moléculaire et ses implications en chimie analytique et en sciences médicales." Besançon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BESA2039.
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