Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Technique de cohérence'
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Nesta, Lionel. "Cohérence des bases de connaissances et changement technique." Grenoble 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE21003.
Full textCassius, de Linval Isabelle, and Yves Djorno. "Génération d'ateliers de conception : métamodélisation orientée objet, cohérence incrémentale de vues de modèles." Paris 9, 1993. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1993PA090033.
Full textSafa, Frédéric. "Le speckle en imagerie cohérente : propriétés statistiques, relation entre l'image cohérente et l'image incohérente, essai de filtrage morphologique : [thèse en partie soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30169.
Full textDelrue, Elisabeth. "L'écriture romanesque de Pío Baroja : une unité, une cohérence, une élaboration." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040245.
Full textThe specificity of Pío Baroja's discourse is imputable to his ideology. The confrontation of two of his trilogies - The Struggle for Life presenting urban themes and Tierra Vasca offering rural ones - seen through their textual characteristics is proof of that. A studied coherence seems to emerge from the mere incoherence so often disparaged by the critics. The literary devices and the narrative strategies - brought into play by the author in order to organize the fictional microcosm through the space-time marks - offer similar features that give a structure to a single and unique vision of the world, that of turn-of-the century Spain’s decadent universe perceived through its most trifling details. According to the author, it is possible to modify this universe through strong, individual, wilful action. But the writer's work does not stop at that point. It shapes the way people are expected to read and postulates the typical recipient who is aimed at and compelled to act, namely the living citizen of Madrid. The author's concern for the absolute clarity of the message conveyed and the refusal to take the literary aspect of the fiction into account in order to force the reader to play a part in the story, lead to some constants. Two books performed this duty: La Busca and Zalacain, the Adventurer. They received great acclaim when first published and were largely diffused. Some readers took the second book's hero as their model. The other books are not yet clearly perceived by their actual readers
Tërnava, Xhevahire. "Gestion de la variabilité au niveau du code : modélisation, traçabilité et vérification de cohérence." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4114/document.
Full textWhen large software product lines are engineered, a combined set of traditional techniques, such as inheritance, or design patterns, is likely to be used for implementing variability. In these techniques, the concept of feature, as a reusable unit, does not have a first-class representation at the implementation level. Further, an inappropriate choice of techniques becomes the source of variability inconsistencies between the domain and the implemented variabilities. In this thesis, we study the diversity of the majority of variability implementation techniques and provide a catalog that covers an enriched set of them. Then, we propose a framework to explicitly capture and model, in a fragmented way, the variability implemented by several combined techniques into technical variability models. These models use variation points and variants, with their logical relation and binding time, to abstract the implementation techniques. We show how to extend the framework to trace features with their respective implementation. In addition, we use this framework and provide a tooled approach to check the consistency of the implemented variability. Our method uses slicing to partially check the corresponding propositional formulas at the domain and implementation levels in case of 1–to–m mapping. It offers an early and automatic detection of inconsistencies. As validation, we report on the implementation in Scala of the framework as an internal domain specific language, and of the consistency checking method. These implementations have been applied on a real feature-rich system and on three product line case studies, showing the feasibility of the proposed contributions
Diep, Kien Vu. "Analyses linguistiques de la cohérence dans l'explication scientifique, le cas du discours agronomique : perspectives didactiques au Vietnam." Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUEL603.
Full textTwo main steps are conducted in this research. The first one, in Textlinguistics, starts from the hypothesis that there are specific processes that constitute the coherence and clarity of scientific explanations in French. Textual analysis aims to observe how a specialized speech (i. E. , agronomic subject) constructs its coherence so as to explain and transmit scientific knowledge. The second step starting from the hypothesis that textual dysfunction, specifically coherence problems, faced by Vietnamese students in their academic compositions aims to answer the questions in terms of didactics of French for specific purposes (as writing). In this step, we study the appropriateness of French coherence links used by Vietnamese students in their writings of scientific documents. Also in this research, by comparing Vietnamese and French, we would like to check the hypothesis we made at the beginning of our research: Scientific Vietnamese language does not set the same linguistic process as French does in constructing textual coherence, stemming from that language habit in the mother tongue constitutes a block for students in acquiring specific textual coherence in French
Thiesset, Fabien. "Exploration analytique et expérimentale des interactions cohérence-turbulence au sein d'un écoulement de sillage." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00880987.
Full textLohr, Christophe. "Contribution à la conception de systèmes temps-réel s'appuyant sur la technique de description formelle RT-Lotos." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005228.
Full textLaurain, Alexandre. "Sources laser à semiconducteur à émission verticale de haute cohérence et de forte puissance dans le proche et le moyen infrarouge." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00613743.
Full textSalles, Danielle. "Cohérence et limites projectives." Caen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CAEN2023.
Full textAlbezzawy, Muhammad Nabil Mustafa. "Advanced signal processing methods for source identification using references." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, INSA, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ISAL0074.
Full textRank-reduced reference/coherence techniques based on the use of references, i.e. fixed sensors, are widely used to solve the two equivalent problems of source extraction and resynchronization encountered during remote sensing of physical fields, when the number of references surpasses the number of incoherent sources. In such case, the cross-spectral matrix (CSM) becomes ill-conditioned, resulting in the invalidity of the least squares LS solution. Although the truncated singular value decomposition (TSVD) was successfully applied in the literature to solve this problem, its validity is limited only to the case of scalar noise on the references. It is also very difficult to define a threshold, for truncation, when the singular values are gradually decreasing. This thesis proposes a solution based on finding a set of virtual references that is maximally correlated with the field measurements, named the maximally-coherent reference (MCR) Technique. This solution is optimal, especially, in the case of correlated noise on the reference, where TSVD fails. However the technique also includes an eigenvalue truncation step, similar to the one required for the TSVD, which necessitates a priori knowledge or the estimation of the number of incoherent sources, i.e. source enumeration, which is an ill-posed inverse problem, insufficiently investigated in the literature within the framework of reference techniques. In this thesis, after providing a unified formalism for all the reference techniques in the literature, three alternative source enumeration methods, applicable to all the reference techniques, were presented namely; a direct likelihood ratio test (LRT) against the saturated model, a parametric bootstrap technique and a cross-validation approach. A comparative study is performed among the three methods, based on simulated numerical data, real sound experimental data, and real electrical motor data. The results showed two important outcomes. The first is that the number of snapshots (spectral windows), used in the spectral analysis, greatly affects the performance of the three methods, and that, they behave differently for the same number of used snapshots. The second is that parametric bootstrapping turned out to be the best method in terms of both estimation accuracy and robustness with regard to the used number of snapshots. Finally, the MCR technique accompanied with bootstrapping was employed for source extraction and resynchronization of real data from laboratory experiments, and an e-motor, and it returned better results than the LS solution and the TSVD when employed for the same purpose
Schwartz, Cédric. "Contribution à l'élaboration d'un espace commun de représentation pour l'analyse morpho-fonctionnelle du membre supérieur : application à l'articulation glénohumérale." Brest, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BRES2016.
Full textCordier, Jean-Marc. "Sur la cohérence homotopique et les limites homotopiques." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077026.
Full textGalicher, Raphaël. "Étude de techniques d'imagerie à haut contraste basées sur la cohérence." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00436293.
Full textDuan, Zhiya. "Etude d'un procédé d'élimination de résine époxy par pyrolyse applicable au désenrobage de combustibles nucléaires." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0043.
Full textThis study aims to develop a thermal treatment for the elimination of epoxy resin from spent nuclear fuel by pyrolysis. In order to suppress gas production from polymer’s degradation by radiolysis in confined storage conditions, these fuels, which have been previously embedded in epoxy resin for the purpose of metallographic preparation, must be separated from the resin. To ensure the safety and universality of the process for removing the organic material, a pyrolysis process in an inert atmosphere of argon is selected. The main objective of the treatment is to minimize the final hydrogen content in the residual char while maintaining the integrity of the fuel in order to avoid the release of fission products and the expansion of the material, which occurs in oxidizing atmosphere. In this work, a general methodology is proposed in order to understand the physico-chemical phenomena involved during the pyrolysis of the resin and to acquire relevant data for the development of the process. Experimental investigations were mainly carried out in a pilot-scale furnace which was coupled with a series of filtration devices to recover the pyrolysis products for characterization. Most of pyrolysis gases have been measured on line with micro gas chromatography columns. For some pilot experiments, a FTIR analyzer allowed to characterize heavier and nitrated compounds in the gas. The resin, the tars and the char were characterized by elemental analysis (CHON). All the measurements of the pyrolysis products’ elemental compositions and weights have been adjusted by the method of data reconciliation. The results make it possible to establish a precise mass balance with the definition of model molecules (CxHyOzNw) for tars and char and the stoichiometric coefficients for the overall pyrolysis reaction. At 450 °C, the mass distribution of pyrolysis products is: 78.74% tars, 5.82% water, 12.84% char and 2.60% permanent gases. The parametric studies carried out with regard to the char ratio and its hydrogen content have shown that the predominant parameters are, in order of importance: the temperature, the plateau time and the heating rate. The influence of argon flow rate and resin mass is negligible. For a further investigation of the char, NMR spectroscopy was applied to identify its molecular structure changes with pyrolysis temperature. Furthermore, the characterization of tars by TD-GC/MS reveals four main compounds: dodecanol, tetradecanol, phenol and 4-isopropylphenol. Both these quantitative and qualitative information help to define the process conditions for the removal of epoxy resin by pyrolysis with respect to the final objective, i.e. minimizing the hydrogen content in the residual char while respecting the safety constraints
Upadhyay, Debajyoti. "Imagerie polarimétrique adaptée en lumière cohérente." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ESAE0007/document.
Full textWe propose in this thesis to study and imaging method which is adapted to the scene under investigation by the use of specific polarimetric excitations. The scenes under inversigation have two separate regions with different polarimetric properties. The specific fully polarized state of illumination is found by the physical criteria for oprimizing the polarimetric constrat in two aereas with different polarization properties. Taking into account the Shot noise of the detector, this new 2 channel imaging technique named APSCI, shows a gain in contrast quantified by the Bhattacharyya distance of up to a factor of 10 compared to what is achievable from classical Mueller imagnin. On the other hand, it uses the full polarimetric information of the scene to generate a single image at optimum contrast which makes it particularly effective to distinguish two distinct areas with slightly different polarization properties. The complete analytical solution of this problem is proposed in the next chapter with associated illustrations. The proposed model allows, in addition to a physical interpretation of the imaging problem, to quantify the limits of APSCI method based on evaluated Mueller matrices of the scene. Furthermore the relative performance of APSCI vs Classical Mueller Imaging (CMI) associated to polar decomposition has been studied numerically. Finally we have setup an hybrid CMI-APSCI imaging setup by indigenous calibration technique with a polarimetric precession of approximately 1% when room temperature varies around 1 degree C
Biri, Venceslas. "Techniques d'animation dans les méthodes globales d'illumination." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MARN0155.
Full textIn this thesis, we focus on the problems of rendering in dynamic scene. It contains two main parts : one without participating medium and the other one with. In the first part, after an overview of rendering methods, we present a new algorithm, based on radiosity using higher order bases. It takes profits of temporal coherence to calculate animations twice to three times faster, even when light sources are moving. In the second part, after seeing the different algorithms that are able to render participating medium , we propose a first method allowing to model, simulate and animate non homogeneous fog in real time. Then, we propose an real time algorithm, in single scattering, representing surface and volume shadows. Finally, we try to generalise our preceding dynamic radiosity algorithm in the presence of the participating mediums
Maurel, Hervé. "Rendu réaliste de séquences animées : le lancer de rayons 4D." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30020.
Full textBellanger, Cindy. "Techniques collectives pour la recombinaison cohérente d'un grand nombre de fibres laser." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00498684.
Full textGodard, Laurent. "Robustesse et cohérence dans la modélisation rhéologique et numérique en géomécanique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10257.
Full textPalavicini, Cham Carlos Alberto. "Analyse de composants photoniques par réflectométrie à faible cohérence sensible à la phase." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000751.
Full textTongning, Robert-christopher. "Ralentir le déphasage des états de superposition atomiques dans un cristal de Tm3+ : YAG." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01011160.
Full textBelin, Etienne. "Utilisation de nouvelles techniques d'imagerie pour la vision en milieux diffusants." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00446506.
Full textZia-Chahabi, Omid. "Techniques de traitement numérique du signal pour les systèmes de transmission optique ultra haut débit à détection cohérente." Télécom Bretagne, 2013. http://www.telecom-bretagne.eu/publications/publication.php?idpublication=13212.
Full textCoherent optical detection and digital signal processing are at the heart of the new generation optical transmission systems. These systems use spectrally efficient modulation formats and are very robust to the propagation impairments of the optical channel. Thus, they allow telecommunications carriers to increase dramatically the capacity of their transport networks while keeping their existing fiber infrastructures. This thesis develops various issues related to the design of digital functions for coherent optical receivers operating at 100 Gb/s and beyond. It first addresses the computational complexity of digital equalization of the optical channel, and evaluates the contribution of frequency-domain techniques in order to make the processing compatible with the implementation constraints at very high speed. The second point of the thesis concerns the potential difficulties with the use of polarization multiplexing. The final part deals with the joint equalization and carrier synchronization for application to highly spectrally efficient modulation formats
Ingels, Alexandre. "Développement de techniques d’imageries pour le diagnostic et le pronostic des tumeurs du rein." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS451/document.
Full textThe aim of this project is the development of new imaging techniques for renal cancer diagnostic and treatment.We have assessed several techniques including optical coherence tomography and molecular imaging. We assessed a series of potential markers for molecular imaging by measuring some pre-defined markers expressions by immunohistochemistry in renal cell carcinoma and their association with disease’s prognostic. Finally, we assessed two molecular imaging techniques in pre-clinical models: Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Ultrasound Imaging
Latriglia, Flora. "Extensions techniques de la tomographie par cohérence optique confocale à balayage de ligne (LC-OCT) basées sur l'interférométrie tandem pour l'imagerie des tissus biologiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPAST061.
Full textLine-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) tomography is an optical imaging technique that combines the advantages of confocal microscopy and OCT in terms of spatial resolution, penetration, and image orientation. Invented by Professor Arnaud Dubois (Charles Fabry Laboratory, UMR CNRS, Institute of Optics Graduate School, Université Paris-Saclay), this skin imaging technology is currently commercialized by the French startup DAMAE Medical. The latest commercialized LC-OCT device offers three imaging modes, providing vertical, horizontal, and 3D images of skin at the cellular level, with a penetration depth reaching the superficial dermis. Packaged as a portable probe, the device allows for easy imaging of all the lesions on a patient. Its use by dermatologists enables early detection of malignant tumors and reduces the number of benign biopsies.Our work focuses on developing a next-generation LC-OCT device offering novel applications in the medical field due to its potential compactness, modularity, penetration depth, and acquisition speed. This device is based on tandem interferometry, coupling two interferometers using an optical fiber, one being an imaging interferometer eventually placed in the LC-OCT probe and the other, an externally located compensating interferometer. One advantage of this approach is to move certain elements of the current probe to the compensating interferometer, making future LC-OCT probes even lighter and more compact. In addition, the compensating interferometer can incorporate scanning systems that enable the use of new dynamic focusing mechanisms in the imaging interferometer. In particular, the integration of a focus tunable lens in the imaging interferometer is studied, experimentally validated, and its performance analyzed. The prototype developed has increased the acquisition frequency of vertical section images up to 14.3 Hz. Experimentation also demonstrated the prototype's potential for increasing imaging depth, allowing acquisition and reconstruction of an image up to a depth of 1.3 mm, approximately three times greater than that of the currently commercialized LC-OCT device. Furthermore, we explored a new application of tandem LC-OCT: modular rigid endoscopy. Considering the clinical context of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, a prototype rigid tip for LC-OCT imaging of otorhinolaryngological (ORL) tissues has been developed. Despite impacted optical performance, initial in vivo images of the skin and lower lip have validated the feasibility of the approach. Additionally, thanks to tandem LC-OCT, a modular system has been implemented, allowing acquisition of images with and without an endoscopic tip. This demonstrates the versatility of our approach. In conclusion, this doctoral work establishes foundations for the development of future LC-OCT devices based on tandem interferometry. We hope that the benefits brought by tandem LC-OCT will lead to widespread adoption of this imaging technique by healthcare professionals, thereby contributing to advancements in the medical field
Harms, Fabrice. "Imagerie des tissus à haute résolution en profondeur par tomographie de cohérence optique plein champ : approches instrumentales et multimodales pour l'application au diagnostic per-opératoire du cancer." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066702/document.
Full textAmong medical imaging techniques, optical imaging methods have been significantly developped during the past decades. More specifically, among recently proposed optical imaging techniques, Full-Field Optical Coherence Tomography – or FFOCT – provides unique capabilities, in particular regarding resolution and instrumental simplicity, which allows to consider its application to cancer diagnosis. This thesis demonstrates the design and implementation of new FFOCT devices for use in a clinical context, targeting improvement and optimization of the technique. Two major development parts have been realized : A translational part, comprising the development of a FFOCT microscope adapted to a clinical use for intraoperative diagnosis of cancer on tissue biopsies, and the assessment of its diagnosis performance for several clinical cases : the intraoperative diagnosis of breast tissue, of brain resections, and the preoperative qualification of corneal grafts. A research part - mainly instrumental - targeting the improvement of the diagnosis performance of the technique, based on new multimodal (fluorescence contrast, dynamic contrast) and multiscale approaches, or on the miniaturization of the device by developing a handheld rigid endoscope for clinical use
Degert, Jérôme. "Manipulation cohérente d'atomes et de molécules diatomiques avec des impulsions mises en forme." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00288584.
Full textDans un premier temps, nous présentons plusieurs expériences de manipulation de transitoires cohérents dans le rubidium. Ces transitoires cohérents apparaissent lorsqu'on excite un système à deux niveaux avec une impulsion à dérive de fréquence en champ faible, et se traduisent par des oscillations dans la population de l'état excité. Pour une impulsion très étirée, nous montrons qu'un saut de phase dans le domaine spectral modifie la phase des oscillations. Puis, en nous appuyant sur une analogie avec la diffraction de Fresnel, nous concevons une impulsion à dérive de fréquence d'amplitude fortement modulée, permettant de supprimer les contributions destructives au transfert de population.
Dans une deuxième série d'expériences, nous nous intéressons aux interférences de chemins quantiques dans les transitions à deux photons induites par des impulsions à dérive de fréquence. Du fait de la grande largeur spectrale des impulsions ultracourtes, les chemins d'excitation séquentiel et direct contribuent au transfert de population dans l'état excité. Les oscillations provenant de l'interférence entre ces différents chemins d'excitation sont observées dans le sodium atomique. De plus, nous montrons qu'elles sont observables quel que soit le signe de la dérive de fréquence.
D'un point de vue théorique, nous étudions le contrôle de la prédissociation d'une molécule diatomique modèle : NaI. La prédissociation conduit à l'observation d'interférences d'ondes de matière dans la distribution des fragments. Nous montrons dans un premier temps qu'il est possible d'observer ces interférences en sondant la molécule avec une impulsion judicieusement choisie. Puis, en utilisant une séquence d'impulsions de contrôle induisant une transition entre deux niveaux électroniques de la molécule, nous mettons en évidence la possibilité de manipuler la distribution énergétique des fragments.
Malgouyres, Hugues. "Définition et détection automatique des incohérences structurelles et comportementales des modèles UML : Couplage des techniques de métamodélisation et de vérification basée sur la programmation logique." Toulouse, INSA, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ISAT0038.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to develop a method that permits to ensure the UML model consistency. Two aspects have been addressed, the consistency definition and the consistency checking. The first step has led to a document that contains 650 consistency rules. Half of these rules are new consistency rules deduced from UML semantics. The aim is to make a census of all consistency rules. The second step concerns consistency checking. The developed method associates meta-modeling with system verification in logic programming techniques. Logic programming is used to encode UML model, to formalize UML operational semantics and to express the inconsistencies. The detection of structural and behavioral inconsistencies is then enabled. To conclude, a prototype has been developed. Experimental results on an industrial model from avionics domain corroborate the practical interest of the approach
Sahni, Mohamed Omar. "Contribution à l'étude de techniques pour l'affinement spectral de lasers : application aux diodes à blocage de modes destinées aux télécommunications optiques cohérentes." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S121/document.
Full textOptical frequency combs obtained from mode-locked laser diodes are potential candidates for WDM networks. However, their lines exhibit usually a broad optical linewidth ( 1-100 MHz). Thus their use is incompatible for high order modulation formats WDM based systems. This thesis investigates one solution to overcome this limitation. It consists of using a feed-forward heterodyne technique to reduce the frequency noise of each comb-line and consequently their optical linewidths. In a first approach, the technique is applied to a single-mode laser. This allowed us to validate its proper working and to identify the intrinsic limits of the experimental device set up. The latter analysis enabled us to reveal that the minimum achievable frequency noise level by our system, corresponds to a 50 Hz intrinsic optical linewidth spectrum and a 1,6 kHz optical linewidth based on 10 ms observation time. This technique is then applied to an actively mode-locked laser diode demonstrating, at our system output, a 21-line optical frequency comb with intrinsic optical linewidths reduced to below 7 kHz. It is worth noting that 9 among them, exhibit sub-kHz linewidths. For an observation time of 10 ms, all lines share the same optical linewidth, almost equal to 37 kHz. We thus show that the timing jitter impacts the technique performances. We also highlight the relevance of such coherence level for coherent optical communication. Lastly, we study a laser frequency pre-stabilization technique based on a locking to an unbalanced fiber interferometer. When applied to a single-mode laser, the technique showed a reduction of its technical frequency noise, thus leading to a clear improvement of its integrated optical linewidth from 224 kHz to 37 kHz for 3 ms observation time. This first result provides a good support towards the exploration of mode-locked laser diodes potential for metrological applications
Ghorbel, Itebeddine. "Segmentation et quantification des couches rétiniennes dans des images de tomographie de cohérence optique, dans le cas de sujets sains et pathologiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENST0013.
Full textOptical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique, based on the principle of interferometry. Thus, OCT is now a standard examination for the detection and the monitoring of retinal diseases including macular degeneration. In this context, the first objective of this thesis is to propose a new method for the segmentation of OCT images of healthy subjects. The proposed method exploits prior knowledge on the structure and the appearearance of the retinal layers. It is based on a combination of local and global segmentation algorithms, including active contours, k-means and Markov random fields. Thus, eight retinal layers can be detected, including the inner segments (IS) of photoreceptors. However, the slow evolution of this disease makes the evaluation of these therapies difficult. The second objective of this thesis is then to extend the scope of the method developed for healthy subjects to retinitis pigmentosa subjects. We have developed a new parametric deformable model that incorporates a priori information by adding a constraint of approximate parallelism, which is more robust in the presence of pathologies. In both healthy and pathological study cases, we performed a comprehensive qualitative and quantitative assessrnent of the proposed methods. We evaluated the accuracv of the segmentation of interfaces between layers, and, in the case of healthy subjects, the accuracy of the segmentation of interfaces between layers, and, in the case of healthy subjects, the precision of thickness measurements derived from the segmentation. This study was conducted on a large image database. These evaluations show a very good agreement anda strong correlation between automatic segmentation and segmentation done manually by an expert
Ghorbel, Itebeddine. "Segmentation et quantification des couches rétiniennes dans des images de tomographie de cohérence optique, dans le cas de sujets sains et pathologiques." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00719456.
Full textMéteau, Jérémy. "Instrumentation optique pour la caractérisation des tissus : analyse de la complémentarité et des limites techniques de fluorescence hyperspectrale et de Tomographie Optique Cohérente en vue de leur intégration multimodale." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA2041/document.
Full textThe aim of this activity is the development of a mono point imaging fiber system which uses hyperspectral multi-excitation auto fluorescence technique for biological tissues and the study of an Optical Coherence Tomography system like another modality. At first, this report presents the optical properties of biological tissues and the relevant fluorophores for cancerous tumors detection. Secondly, the fluorescence imaging system instrumentation and hyperspectral analysis are presented with in vitro results. The third part presents the "scan free" optical coherence tomography system which is able to image without optical displacement. It's characterized and have interesting functionality like depth dependant dispersion compensation. These both techniques are complementary because they get different kind of information. The information of the first one is about biochemical composition of the tissues and the information of the second one is about the stucture
Thierry, Olivier. "Rétrodiffusion de la lumière par un milieu particulaire dense : étude expérimentale et simulation numérique par la technique de Monte Carlo." Rouen, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ROUE5042.
Full textMay, Alix. "Novel receiver-based techniques for the monitoring of physical parameters in optical fiber networks." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023IPPAT013.
Full textIn optical fibered networks, massive monitoring generated significant interest to allow them to be more autonomous and elastic. Over the years, various monitoring techniques based on the digital signal processing at the receiver side have been proposed. Those techniques are particularly interesting since they do not require additional hardware and are less costly. In my PhD, I focused on techniques to monitor the longitudinal power of an optical link, based on the analysis of non-linear propagation effects. First, I proposed to use an existing technique to estimate the value of a power loss in a point-to-point optical link and validated it experimentally. Then, I generalized the power losses estimation method and applied it to a meshed network. Using various lightpaths on this network allowed me to show experimentally an increase of the accuracy of the estimation of loss values. To broaden the possibilities of implementation of this method, I then investigate experimentally the application of the power profile estimation technique on a long optical link to validate its use for submarine systems. Finally, I propose to use this technique to monitor another type of power losses, polarization-dependent loss (PDL). PDL is present in optical components such as switches and amplifiers. Usually, only the accumulated amount is monitored. I proposed to use a similar method as with the power losses, allowing the location of a varying PDL element and the estimation of its variation. This latest work allows us to get closer to the type of event, which is important to take smart and effective solutions
Moussa, Mouhamad. "Etude théorique et expérimentale des techniques de retournement temporel application à la caractérisation de composants et dispositifs dans une chambre réverbérante." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00625945.
Full textSampaio, Paulo Nazarena Maia. "Conception formelle de documents multimédia interactifs : une approche s'appuyant sur RT-Lotos." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30020.
Full textFormal design of interactive multimedia documents using RT-LOTOS. This thesis presents a methodology for the formal design of interactive multimedia documents based on the formal description technique RT-LOTOS. The complexity of these documents and the utilization of high level authoring models for the edition of these documents can lead authors, in certain cases, to specify synchronization relations which could not be satisfied during the presentation of the document, thus characterizing the occurrence of temporal inconsistencies. For this reason, we need to use techniques which provide the formal semantics for the dynamic behaviour of the document, consistency checking, and the scheduling of the presentation taking into account the temporal non-determinism of these documents. By means of the methodology presented in this thesis, we allow the author to design a document using the authoring model of his choice, and then we show how to express the logical and temporal behaviour of the document into an RT-LOTOS specification. Further on, we also propose formal techniques for the temporal consistency checking, and scheduling the presentation of the document based on temporal automata derived from the RT-LOTOS specification. .
Li, Gengxiang. "Rehaussement et détection des attributs sismiques 3D par techniques avancées d'analyse d'images." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00731886.
Full textLoriot, Vincent. "Alignement moléculaire par impulsions laser ultrabrèves : Mesures & Applications." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00660050.
Full textRenard, vincent. "Alignement de molécules linéaires par impulsions laser de courtes durées." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009705.
Full textMyers, Vincent. "Le traitement, l'interprétation et l'exploitation d'images sonar à antenne synthétique obtenues à partir de trajectoires répétitives." Thesis, Brest, École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENTA0002.
Full textThere are many scenarios which call for the surveillance of an underwater scene by means of repeated surveys with high-frequency imaging sonar in order to detect changes which may have occurred during the intervening time interval. With the growing availability of commercial synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) systems it becomes possible to exploit the phase coherence between two complex SAS images in order to detect scene changes which are subtle or even invisible to approaches using only the amplitude of the images. This thesis examines the concept of coherent change detection (CCD) using SAS imagery obtained from separate, repeated passes over the same area. As the images must be processed interferometrically, the challenging problem of co-registration is addressed, with approaches based on image warping as well as renavigation / re-imaging. False alarm reduction techniques are also examined in order to mitigate detections caused by coherence losses which are not attributed to the insertion or removal of targets of interest. The proposed methods are tested on several repeat-pass SAS images collected during experiments at sea, spanning multiple frequency bands and environmental conditions, and show that SAS CCD is not only possible, but also able to detect very subtle scene changes that not observable using standard approaches
Moussa, Houmam. "Etude théorique et expérimentale des techniques de retournement temporel : application à la caractérisation de composants et dispositifs dans une chambre réverbérante." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112106/document.
Full textIn the framework of our research work, we present an innovative system which allows to control the spatio-temporal distribution of a coherent field in an strongly reflecting environment. This system called " Time reversal electromagnetic chamber" (TREC), makes possible the generation of high intensity pulsed wavefront, in a reverberating chamber, and whose direction of propagation and polarisation are modifieable in real time without any mechanical mouvement of neither the sources generating the field, here radio antennas, nor the equipment under test.For this, the TREC is based on knowledge of the field on an arbitrary surface of measurement, located between the sources and the object under test, in the direction of propagation of the wavefront desired. This phase of characterization may be performed with the help of a measurement of the transfer functions between the port of the antennas and a field probe moved on the arbitrary surface of measurement.The principle of the TREC is based on the association of the technique of time reversal and of the principle of equivalence. Time reversal allows to ensure a temporal window in which the conditions of propagation of the field in the reverberation chamber are identical to those in free space and which allows to obtain a propagation of a wavefront converging towards a punctual source which would initially have created a diverging wavefront. The equivalence principle allows to go from a punctual source to a an extended source of radiation, thus allowing to create an arbitrary spatial distribution of the field and thereby to control its direction of propagation.This new system was validated with the help, at first, of a set of numerical exploratory simulations in order to determine the influential parameters on its performance and then studied from measurements carried out in the reverberation chamber of the ``Département de recherche en électromagnétisme'', at Supélec, thus demonstrating experimentally the feasibility and the interest of the development of this testing facility for the generation of pulsed coherent wavefronts, complementary to the current use mode-stirred reverberation chambers
Bauda, Marie-Anne. "Compréhension de scènes urbaines par combinaison d'information 2D/3D." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/16483/1/BAUDA_MarieAnne.pdf.
Full textRouzée, Arnaud. "ALIGNEMENT UNI ET TRIDIMENSIONNEL DE MOLÉCULES PAR IMPULSION LASER FEMTOSECONDE." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00398990.
Full textLaffay, Paul. "Etude aéroacoustique de la détente d'un écoulement haute pression à travers des plaques perforées." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEC020/document.
Full textThe noise generated by the expansion of a pressurized flow through multi-perforated plates or diaphragms is experimentally investigated. The analysis is conducted on two distinct geometrical configurations in which the perforated plate is placed at the outlet of (free jet configuration) or inside (ducted jet configuration) a cylindrical duct.Firstly, an acoustic parametric study is carried out on these two configurations for various perforated plate geometries and for a number of operating points ranging from subsonic to supersonic. The different acoustic sources that can arise from such systems are thus identified. Furthermore, the effect of each geometrical parameter onto the radiated sound field is highlighted, thus providing guidelines for the silent design of such pressure release devices.In a second step, the focus is on the dominant broadband component, that is, the mixing noise. This part of the study is dedicated to the free jet configuration and is based on Schlieren imaging, as well as on Particle Image Velocimetry measurements, both coupled far-field sound measurements.In the diaphragm cases, the aerodynamic results show that the source mechanisms are similar to those reported in the literature about isolated jets from conventional nozzles. The downstream radiation is generated by the interaction of large coherent structures at the end of the jet potential core, while in the other directions it is generated by the small-scale turbulence from the shear layer.For multi-perforated plates, comparable mechanisms are also observed. However, depending on the plate geometry, two distinct source regions contributing to the downstream radiation are identified. They explain the presence of two broadband humps in the far-field spectra. In the case of widely spaced perforations, the higher frequency hump in the downstream spectrum increases and the interaction of the large turbulent structures occurs mainly at the end of the potential core of the small jets issuing the perforations. Conversely, when these perforations are close to each other, the small jets rapidly merge into a single larger one that has a longer potential core. As a result, larger coherent structures interact downstream of the small jet mixing region and therefore, a low-frequency hump dominates the downstream spectrum. In the other directions, the perforation spacing has also a significant impact on the acoustic radiation, due to a more or less rapid interaction of the jets. Consequently, the turbulence, as well as the shear zones of the various mixing layers, are modified. The geometric parameters thus have similar effects on the cross-stream as on the downstream radiation
Lakehal, Massil. "Out of Equilibrium Lattice Dynamics in Pump Probe Setups." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UNIP7039.
Full textThe study of the out of equilibrium dynamics of strongly correlated systems, using ultrafast pulses, uncovered a plethora of phenomena with no analog in equilibrium physics. In this thesis, we theoretically investigate the out of equilibrium dynamics of the lattice degrees of freedom and their signature in pump-probe spectroscopy. We develop a Hamiltonian-based microscopic description of laser pump induced displacive coherent phonons. The theory captures the feedback of the phonon excitation upon the electronic fluid, which is missing in the state-of-the-art phenomenological formulation. We show that this feedback leads to chirping at short timescales, even if the phonon motion is harmonic. At long times, this feedback appears as a finite phase in the oscillatory signal. We apply the theory to BaFe2As2, explain the origin of the phase in the oscillatory signal reported in recent experiments, and we predict that the system will exhibit redshifted chirping at larger fluence. Our theory also opens the possibility to extract equilibrium information from coherent phonon dynamics. Another interesting phenomenon that have been reported in pump-probe spectroscopy is the oscillation of the lattice fluctuations at double phonon frequency. These oscillations are invariably interpreted as a signature of macroscopic squeezed phonon states. In this work, we identify other mechanisms of double phonon frequency oscillations that do not involve squeezing. We show that a pump induced temperature quench of the bath, to which the phonon is coupled to, or exciting a coherent phonon for which cubic anharmonicity is allowed by symmetry can also produce such oscillations in noise spectroscopy without squeezing the phonon state. We conclude that, in contrast with what is commonly believed, double phonon frequency oscillations in noise spectroscopy are not necessarily a signature of macroscopic phonon squeezing. We point out what can be a reliable criterion to identify a squeezed phonon using pump-probe spectroscopy
Mosca, Frédéric. "Synthèse d'émission spatio-temporelle pour l'imagerie acoustique." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00574356.
Full textDurand, Sylvain. "Sur quelques paradoxes en théorie du choix social et en décision multicritère." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006743.
Full textFernandez, de Jauregui Ruiz Ivan. "Advanced modulation formats and nonlinear mitigation for spectral efficient optical transmission systems." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TELE0009.
Full textGlobal data traffic is expected to reach up to 4.3 ZB per year by 2020. With the majority of the global communications being transported on submarine point-to-point fiber-optic systems, different cutting-edge technologies have been under research to cope with this unprecedented traffic growth. Continuous advances in high-speed integrated circuits have allowed the use of advanced modulation formats and digital signal processing (DSP) techniques to maximize the transmission spectral efficiency. With mitigation of fiber linear effects efficiently carried out by DSP with relative low-complexity, the capacity of modern fiber optic systems rests limited by fiber nonlinearities. To this extent, in the first part of this work, the performance and achievable benefits of low-complexity DSP techniques aiming to mitigate fiber Kerr nonlinear effects are investigated. Besides nonlinear compensation techniques, the use of multi-level modulation formats beyond 16QAM and high symbol rate channels have gained momentum to increase the system spectral efficiency. One of the major breakthroughs in the recent years, has been the introduction of QAM-based probabilistic constellation shaping (PCS-QAM), which has proven to outperform regular QAM formats. In this sense, in the second part of this work, the practical achievable rate increase brought by PCS-QAM for transoceanic distances is investigated. A theoretical and experimental comparison with other high-capacity formats is performed, and the design of a PCS-QAM for trans-Pacific distances is addressed. Finally, in the last section, several transmission records using the two above techniques are reported
Izza, Yacine. "Informatique ubiquitaire : techniques de curage d'informations perverties On the extraction of one maximal information subset that does not conflit with multiple contexts Extraction d'un sous-ensemble maximal qui soit cohérent avec des contextes mutuellement contradictoires On computing one max-inclusion consensus On admissible consensuses Boosting MCSes enumeration." Thesis, Artois, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ARTO0405.
Full textThis thesis studies a possible approach of artificial intelligence for detecting and filtering inconsistent information in knowledge bases of intelligent objects and components in ubiquitous computing. This approach is addressed from a practical point of view in the SAT framework;it is about implementing a techniques of filtering inconsistencies in contradictory bases. Several contributions are made in this thesis. Firstly, we have worked on the extraction of one maximal information set that must be satisfiable with multiple assumptive contexts. We have proposed an incremental approach for computing such a set (AC-MSS). Secondly, we were interested about the enumeration of maximal satisfiable sets (MSS) or their complementary minimal correction sets (MCS) of an unsatisfiable CNF instance. In this contribution, a technique is introduced that boosts the currently most efficient practical approaches to enumerate MCS. It implements a model rotation paradigm that allows the set of MCS to be computed in an heuristically efficient way. Finally, we have studied a notion of consensus to reconcile several sources of information. This form of consensus can obey various preference criteria, including maximality one. We have then developed an incremental algorithm for computing one maximal consensus with respect to set-theoretical inclusion. We have also introduced and studied the concept of admissible consensus that refines the initial concept of consensus