Academic literature on the topic 'Technical and economic performance of internal combustion engines'
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Journal articles on the topic "Technical and economic performance of internal combustion engines"
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Asoyan, Arthur R., Igor K. Danilov, Igor A. Asoyan, and Georgy M. Polishchuk. "Hydrogen application in internal combustion engines." RUDN Journal of Engineering Researches 21, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8143-2020-21-1-14-19.
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A technical solution has been proposed to reduce the consumption of basic hydrocarbon fuel, to improve the technical, economic and environmental performance of internal combustion engines by affecting the combustion process of the fuel-air mixture with a minimum effective mass fraction of hydrogen additive in the fuel-air mixture. The burning rate of hydrogen-air mixtures is an order of magnitude greater than the burning rate of similar mixtures based on gasoline or diesel fuel, compared with the former, they are favorably distinguished by their greater detonation stability. With minimal additions of hydrogen to the fuel-air charge, its combustion time is significantly reduced, since hydrogen, having previously mixed with a portion of the air entering the cylinder and burning itself, effectively ignites the mixture in its entirety. Issues related to the accumulation of hydrogen on board the car, its storage, explosion safety, etc., significantly inhibit the development of mass production of cars using hydrogen fuel. The described technical solution allows the generation of hydrogen on board the car and without accumulation to use it as an additive to the main fuel in internal combustion engines. The technical result is to reduce the consumption of hydrocarbon fuels (of petroleum origin) and increase the environmental friendliness of the car due to the reduction of the emission of harmful substances in exhaust gases.
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Slynko, G., R. Sukhonos, V. Okhrymenko, V. Slynko, and V. Almaiev. "Research of the influence of gasoline-methanol fuel mixture composition on the technical and economic performance of 4-stroke internal combustion engine in partial loading mode." Innovative Materials and Technologies in Metallurgy and Mechanical Engineering, no. 2 (December 7, 2021): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15588/1607-6885-2021-3-06.
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Bartocci, Pietro, Alberto Abad, Arturo Cabello, Mauro Zampilli, Giulio Buia, Angela Serra, Simone Colantoni, Andrea Taiana, Gianni Bidini, and Francesco Fantozzi. "Technical Economic and Environmental analysis of Chemical Looping versus oxyfuel combustion for NGCC power plant." E3S Web of Conferences 312 (2021): 08019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131208019.
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The Power Sector is undergoing a rapid technological change with respect to implementation of low carbon technologies. The IEA Energy Outlook 2017 shows that the investments in Renewables for the first time are equal to those on the fossil sources. It is likely that the conventional gas turbines and internal combustion engines will need to be integrated in systems employing biofuels and/or CCUS (Carbon Capture Usage and Storage). Also, the European Union is moving rapidly towards low carbon technologies (i.e. Energy Efficiency, Smart Grids, Renewables and CCUS), see the Energy Union Strategy. Currently 28% of the installed power capacity in Europe is based on natural gas plants. Gas-based power capacity has reached 418 GW in 2016 and is likely to continue to grow in the future. To efficiently capture the carbon dioxide emissions generated by the combustion of natural gas in the combustion chamber a possible solution could be to adopt new combustion processes, like Chemical Looping Combustion. The combination of CLC and GTs can decrease the efficiency of a combined cycle power plant from 60% to about 40.34%. These performances influence costs and environmental burdens and this is also the same for oxyfuel combustion, which is a competing technology to realize CCS. This paper, starting from literature mass and energy balances of a conventional combined cycle, a combined cycle coupled with chemical looping combustor and a combined cycle coupled with oxyfuel combustion, calculates the reduction of CO2 emissions which can be achieved during the whole life cycle of the power plant and then identifies the value of the carbon credit which is needed to have an interesting payback period for such kind of investment.
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Plotnikov, L. V., Y. M. Brodov, and M. O. Misnik. "Heat transfer intensity of pulsating gas flows in the exhaust system elements of a piston engine." E3S Web of Conferences 124 (2019): 01015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912401015.
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Internal combustion engines are the most common sources of energy among heat engines. Therefore, the improvement of their design and workflow is an urgent task in the development of world energy. Thermal-mechanical perfection of the exhaust system has a significant impact on the technical and economic performance of piston engines. The article presents the results of experimental studies of gas-dynamics and heat exchange of pulsating gas flows in the exhaust system of a piston engine. Studies were carried out on a full-scale model of a single-cylinder engine. The article describes the instrument-measuring base and methods of experiments. The heat transfer intensity was estimated in different elements of the exhaust system: the exhaust pipe, the channel in the cylinder head, the valve assembly. Heat transfer studies were carried out taking into account the gas-dynamic nonstationarity characteristic of gas exchange processes in engines. The article presents data on the influence of gas-dynamic and regime factors on the heat transfer intensity. It is shown that the restructuring of the gas flow structure in the exhaust system occurs depending on the engine crankshaft speed, this has a significant impact on the local heat transfer coefficient. It has been established that the heat transfer intensity in the valve assembly is 2-3 times lower than in other elements of the exhaust system.
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Манойло В. М. "МАТМОДЕЛЬ ГАЗОВОГО ДВИГАТЕЛЯ, ИСПОЛЬЗУЕМОГО В КАЧЕСТВЕ ПРИВОДА МОБИЛЬНОГО ТРАНСПОРТНОГО СРЕДСТВА." World Science, no. 9(37) (September 30, 2018): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ws/30092018/6130.
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The linear differential equation of the internal combustion engine (ICE) itself, by means of which it is possible to investigate the dynamic characteristics (transients) and throttle response of the new generation of gas engines, used as a drive for mobile vehicles, is given. At present, the need has arisen to create a new generation of ICS control systems that would combine the principles of robust and adaptive management and provide a specified quality of management in the conditions of structural or parametric uncertainty of the control facility itself, uncertainty of external conditions and management goal uncertainty. The most important contour in the engine control system is the crankshaft speed regulator. It has a determining effect on the technical, economic and environmental performance of ICE. The resulting differential equation describes the transient processes of the angular velocity variation of the crankshaft of the gas engine of vehicles in a wide range of speed and load modes of operation.
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Timokhin, S. V., Yu V. Rodionov, and I. I. Kurbakov. "Improvement of the technology for controlling the parameters of the lubricating system of the D-245 diesel engine." Intelligence. Innovations. Investment, no. 6 (2020): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.25198/2077-7175-2020-6-163.
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А significant factor affecting the reliability of the internal combustion engine and its technical and Economic indicators is the efficiency of the lubrication system. When the standard oil supply is applied, semiliquid friction occurs between the contacting parts, in which the parts are not completely separated by a layer of oil. However, with this friction, the required durability of components and parts with heat removal is guaranteed. The performance of the engine lubrication system is determined by the state of its elements (coarse and fine filters, oil radiator and pump, valves), as well as the quality of oil, its level in the internal combustion engine crankcase and temperature. In domestic internal combustion engines, the minimum oil level in the crankcase is controlled, but in operation there are situations when the oil level exceeds its maximum permissible value. This situation occurs when coolant or fuel enters the lubrication system. Coolant can get into the oil if the cylinder head gaskets, sleeve o-rings, or cracks in the cylinder head and block are broken. Top-Livo can enter the oil through worn and damaged parts of the fuel equipment (gas pump diaphragm, fuel pump plunger pairs, etc.). These liquids sharply degrade the quality of the oil and increase the wear of internal combustion engine parts, and the standard singlelevel indicator will not give the driver operational information about the malfunction. In connection with the above, the purpose of this work is to improve the technology for monitoring the technical condition of the internal combustion engine lubrication system on the example of the d-245 diesel engine and its modifications, which are widely used in GAZ (GAZ-3309), ZIL (ZIL-5301), MAZ (MAZ Zubrenok), PAZ buses (PAZ-3205), MTZ tractors (MTZ — 100, 892, 1020), agricultural and construction equipment.by developing and implementing a built — in device for monitoring the minimum and maximum oil levels in the crankcase, as well as its temperature. The scientific novelty of the work is due to the use of new circuit and technical solutions, as well as the original algorithm of the sensor operation developed by the authors, based on the use of switching laws of reed switches with normally closed and normally open contacts, the operation of which is spaced over time and controlled oil levels. Block diagram of the proposed device comprises a multifunction sensor level and oil temperature, including sensors of the mi-minimum and increased levels of engine oil in the crankcase of the engine and its temperature, the operation mode switch signal cooling temperature-edusei fluid and engine oil, the first and second voltage сomparators, indicator lights, buzzer, switch power supply, voltage regulator and regular temperature sensor coolant. The use of the developed device significantly increases the reliability and convenience of monitoring one of the most important indicators of internal combustion engines-the oil level in the crankcase, which will avoid significant engine damage. As a result of further research, it is planned to develop the device design, conduct laboratory studies of the developed multifunctional sensor in order to determine the dependence of its resistance on the temperature at the normal level of engine oil in the measuring flask, as well as determine the actual values of the developed sensor response heights at the lower and upper levels.
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Kowalewicz, A. "Methanol as a Fuel for Spark Ignition Engines: A Review and Analysis." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 207, no. 1 (January 1993): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1993_207_158_02.
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A review and analysis of recent literature data on the use of methanol as an alternative fuel for internal combustion engines have been performed. The properties of methanol have been analysed from the point of view of its application to spark ignition (SI) and compression ignition (CI) engines. From this analysis it may be concluded that fewer modifications to the engine are expected when methanol is used in SI engines than in CI engines. Neat methanol is the most suitable, because all the positive properties of methanol as a fuel can be utilized. In the case of SI engines, only minor modifications of the fuel system and/or addition of ignition improver to the fuel are required. Use of methanol-gasoline blends of up to 15 per cent methanol (by volume) and diesel oil-methanol blends of up to 20 per cent methanol require only minor engine modifications. However, miscibility of methanol and conventional fuels is poor; in order to avoid fuel separation, mixtures of these fuels require fuel additives. Methanol engines burn cleaner and more efficiently, but have higher emissions of aldehydes, which increase with increasing mileage of the vehicle. In the presence of an oxidation catalyst unburned methanol can be converted to formaldehyde and simultaneously nitrous oxide to nitrogen dioxide. The advantage of engine fuelling with reformed methanol (CO + H2) is shown. The reasons for better efficiency, performance and less emissions (except of aldehydes) of methanol-fuelled SI engines in comparison with gasoline- and diesel oil-fuelled engines respectively have been analysed. Technical aspects of using methanol as an automotive fuel that have not yet been satisfactorily solved are pointed out. The feasibility of the widespread use of methanol as a transportation fuel for SI engines is discussed from technical, economic and ecological points of view. The need for further research and development work on problems related to methanol as a fuel for SI engines is also discussed.
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D, KONIECZNY, and KRAWCZUK S. "COMBUSTION OF GASOLINE AND ETANOL MIXTURE." National Transport University Bulletin 1, no. 50 (2021): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33744/2308-6645-2021-3-50-104-112.
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Thanks to the pressure of the Environmental Society, the priority of engine manufacturers is to reduce emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere and reduce fuel consumption while constantly increasing engine performance. One way to overcome the aforementioned technical and social problems is to use alcohols, natural or synthetic, such as ethanol to power engines. The objectives of manufacturers of alternative fuels is to provide consumers with the opportunity to use their product without changing the parameters of the main units in their vehicles, therefore the stoichiometry of the combustion of fuel mixtures is important, since this parameter can affect the amount of fuel burned, the quality of exhaust gases and the power of the internal combustion engine. Combustion in a car engine is exothermic, which means that a side effect of this chemical reaction is heat released into the environment. The condition for starting the combustion process is the thermal coefficient – for spark ignition engines – a spark, and for diesel engines – heat during compression of the fuel-air mixture. From the above it follows that after the oxidation reaction in the exhaust gases there should be no residual fuel particles, which in turn is an image of stoichiometric combustion. Since the stoichiometric mixture is very difficult to achieve outside laboratory conditions, a distinction is made between a non-greasy mixture (too much oxidizing agent) and a saturated mixture (too little oxidizing agent), but always strive to reach λ = 1, which corresponds to a stoichiometric mixture. The heavy weight when working with ethanol fuel is the one that affects the operation of the engine and its components. Therefore, it is important to compare the physicochemical data of gasoline and ethanol, as well as mixed fuel – E85. The article deals with the stoichiometry of combustion of an alternative fuel - a mixture of gasoline and ethanol. The economic and environmental conditions that initiated the production of this type of fuel were taken into account, the fuel mixtures were divided according to the content of fuel and oxidants in the combustion chamber. Attention is drawn to the determination of the stoichiometric mixture, as well as to the lambda coefficient (λ), which helps to determine the type of mixture. The properties of gasoline (in the form of iso-octane) and ethanol are described in separate sections and each is compared. One chapter is devoted to the description of the E85 mixture used in Flexi Fuel Vehicles engines, the requirements for this fuel are determined by the Minister of Economy on the requirements for the quality of biofuels, and attention is also paid to the effect of the mixture on the operation of the engine and the content of chemical compounds in the exhaust using E85 biofuel. It has been established that ethanol fuel (in particular E100) is undoubtedly a step forward in terms of ecology, transport economics and the development of alternative fuels. However, its physicochemical properties cause many problems in engine operation. Despite the improvement in the net power generated by the engine, it should be remembered that for the current mechanical parts and their materials, this is a “problem” mixture that requires frequent and accurate diagnostics and calibration. KEY WORDS: STOICHIOMETRIC MIXTURE, COMBUSTION, MIXTURE OF GASOLINE AND ETHANOL, ALTERNATIVE FUEL, IMPROVEMENT OF THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES OF THE ENGINE.
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Ageev, E. V., A. V. Shcherbakov, YU G. Alekhin, and S. A. Grаshcow. "INCREASING OF THE INFORMATIVEVALUE OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINE DIAGNOSTICS BY MEANS OF TECHNICAL ENDOSCOPY." Proceedings of the Southwest State University 22, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2018-22-1-18-26.
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Car engine is the most complex and important unit of a car. A lot of technical, economic and environmental automobile performance depend on it. Therefore, the development of advanced methods for diagnosing the technical state of engine mechanisms and systems is of great practical importance. The most part and labor intensity of the total number of malfunctions accounts for the cylinder-piston group (GPG). The purpose of this work was to increase the informative value of the process of diagnosing the engines of VAZ front-wheel drive vehicles by using technical endoscopy. To obtain information about the level of technical condition, it is not advisable to disassemble a unit or assembly in a good operation condition, since, first, it is associated with considerable labor costs, and second, and what is important, each disassembly and change of the mutual position of the used parts leads to the reduction of the residual life by 30 - 40%. Using a technical endoscope to obtain information about the technical state of the GPG provides unique opportunities for visual diagnostics. Due to the use of a technical endoscope, it became for the first time possible to proceed while diagnosing internal combustion engine GPG to the evaluation of design parameters of the technical state, such as: the state of the hone net, grooves, scoring, scratches, which could only be performed before by automobile disassembly. In general, technical endoscopy increases the informative value of the process of cylinder-piston group diagnosing. The use of a technical endoscope reveals unique possibilities for an operative assessment of the technical condition of the object being diagnosed in order to shorten the time of detection and subsequent elimination of malfunctions.
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Kaverzina, A. S., A. S. Lunev, I. V. Karnaukhov, M. D. Pankiv, and I. V. Andreychikov. "Performance improvement methods of hydroficated machine under refrigeration." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2094, no. 4 (November 1, 2021): 042087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2094/4/042087.
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Abstract In this paper, the problem of the influence of climatic conditions on the performance of a Hydraulic gear is considered. The importance of the work is due to the fact that the methods for solving the problem are proposed, namely, the use of preheating for a Hydraulic gear and an internal combustion engine under refrigeration. The use of hydrofected self-propelled vehicles in the northern regions in winter is considered. The factors determining the technical and economic indicators of hydrofected machines are revealed. The influence of negative temperature on the physical and mechanical properties of hydraulic equipment materials is also considered. Three main directions have been identified in which temperature affects the hydraulic drive. An experiment was conducted in which the dependence of the performance of the machine was revealed using a preheating device for the working fluid and without the device.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Technical and economic performance of internal combustion engines"
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Клименко, Олександр Миколайович. "Оцінка впливу регулювання температурного стану поршнів на техніко-економічні показники дизеля." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2016. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/21635.
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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук зі спеціальності 05.05.03 – двигуни та енергетичні установки. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут". – Харків, 2016.
Дисертаційна робота присвячена дослідженню впливу регульованого температурного стану поршнів дизеля різного призначення на його техніко-економічні показники. Розроблено та реалізовано методику оцінки якості дизеля при регулюванні інтенсивності масляного охолодження поршнів та керуванні моментом початку впорскування палива в камеру згоряння, а також при врахуванні моделі експлуатації енергетичної установки. Проведено експериментальні дослідження впливу температурного стану поршнів з низькотеплопровідним покриттям поверхні камери згоряння транспортного дизеля, а також зміни кута випередження впорскування палива на показники токсичності відпрацьованих газів, паливної економічності та температурний стан деталей камери згоряння. В результаті виконаного оптимізаційного дослідження запропоновано характеристичні карти керування масляним охолодженням поршнів та моментом початку впорскування палива для комплексного покращення техніко-економічних показників дизеля. Оцінено ефективність впровадження запропонованих заходів в автомобільних та тракторних дизелях та стаціонарних дизельгенераторах. Запропоновано методику врахування температурного стану найбільш теплонавантажених зон поршня в загальній методиці оцінки якості дизеля. Проведені розрахункові дослідження дозволили визначити ефективність регулювання температурного стану поршнів на ресурсну міцність його камери згоряння.Thesis for the science degree of the Candidate of technical sciences by speciality 05.05.03 – engines and power plants. – National Technical University "Kharkоv polytechnic institute", Kharkоv, 2016. Dissertation is devoted to research of complex influence of pistons temperature state regulation on the diesel engine technical and economic performance. In the dissertation work a method of estimating the quality of the diesel engine when regulating of the pistons temperature state, which takes into account indicators of exhaust gases toxicity and ICE fuel efficiency in each mode of the power plant operation is proposed. Experimental study of the effect of temperature condition of pistons with low conductive coating combustion chamber surface and changes the fuel injection timing angle on the exhaust gases toxicity, fuel economy and thermal condition of combustion chamber parts is done. As a result of the optimization research the characteristic cards control of pistons oilcooling and the fuel injection start for complex diesel engine technical and economic indicators improvement are proposed, the effectiveness of their use in automobile and tractor diesel engines and stationary diesel generators are estimated. The method of accounting of the most heat-loaded piston zones temperature state in general procedure of diesel quality assessment is proposed. Conducted estimated researches have allowed to define the effectiveness of pistons temperature state regulation on the combustion chamber resource strength.
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Клименко, Олександр Миколайович. "Оцінка впливу регулювання температурного стану поршнів на техніко-економічні показники дизеля." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2016. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/21632.
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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук зі спеціальності 05.05.03 – двигуни та енергетичні установки. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут". – Харків, 2016.
Дисертаційна робота присвячена дослідженню впливу регульованого температурного стану поршнів дизеля різного призначення на його техніко-економічні показники. Розроблено та реалізовано методику оцінки якості дизеля при регулюванні інтенсивності масляного охолодження поршнів та керуванні моментом початку впорскування палива в камеру згоряння, а також при врахуванні моделі експлуатації енергетичної установки. Проведено експериментальні дослідження впливу температурного стану поршнів з низькотеплопровідним покриттям поверхні камери згоряння транспортного дизеля, а також зміни кута випередження впорскування палива на показники токсичності відпрацьованих газів, паливної економічності та температурний стан деталей камери згоряння. В результаті виконаного оптимізаційного дослідження запропоновано характеристичні карти керування масляним охолодженням поршнів та моментом початку впорскування палива для комплексного покращення техніко-економічних показників дизеля. Оцінено ефективність впровадження запропонованих заходів в автомобільних та тракторних дизелях та стаціонарних дизельгенераторах. Запропоновано методику врахування температурного стану найбільш теплонавантажених зон поршня в загальній методиці оцінки якості дизеля. Проведені розрахункові дослідження дозволили визначити ефективність регулювання температурного стану поршнів на ресурсну міцність його камери згоряння.Thesis for the science degree of the Candidate of technical sciences by speciality 05.05.03 – engines and power plants. – National Technical University "Kharkоv polytechnic institute", Kharkоv, 2016. Dissertation is devoted to research of complex influence of pistons temperature state regulation on the diesel engine technical and economic performance. In the dissertation work a method of estimating the quality of the diesel engine when regulating of the pistons temperature state, which takes into account indicators of exhaust gases toxicity and ICE fuel efficiency in each mode of the power plant operation is proposed. Experimental study of the effect of temperature condition of pistons with low conductive coating combustion chamber surface and changes the fuel injection timing angle on the exhaust gases toxicity, fuel economy and thermal condition of combustion chamber parts is done. As a result of the optimization research the characteristic cards control of pistons oilcooling and the fuel injection start for complex diesel engine technical and economic indicators improvement are proposed, the effectiveness of their use in automobile and tractor diesel engines and stationary diesel generators are estimated. The method of accounting of the most heat-loaded piston zones temperature state in general procedure of diesel quality assessment is proposed. Conducted estimated researches have allowed to define the effectiveness of pistons temperature state regulation on the combustion chamber resource strength.
Books on the topic "Technical and economic performance of internal combustion engines"
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American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Internal Combustion Engine Division. Technical Conference. Design, application, performance and emissions of modern internal combustion engine systems and components: Proceedings of the 2002 Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division. New York, N.Y: ASME, 2002.
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American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Internal Combustion Engine Division. Technical Conference. Proceedings of the 2002 Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division: Design, application, performance and emissions of modern internal combustion engine systems and components : presented at 2002 Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division, New Orleans, Louisiana, September 8-11, 2002. New York, N.Y: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2002.
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American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Internal Combustion Engine Division. Technical Meeting. Alternate fuels, engine performance and emissions: Presented at the 15th Annual Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division, Morgantown, West Virginia, September 26-29 1993. New York, N.Y: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993.
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American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Internal Combustion Engine Division. Technical Meeting. Alternate fuels, engine performance and emmissions [i.e. emissions]: Presented at the 15th Annual Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division, Morgantown, West Virginia, September 26-29 1993. New York, N.Y: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993.
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X, Blythe Neil, American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Internal Combustion Engine Division., and American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Internal Combustion Engine Division. Technical Conference, eds. Design, application, performance and emissions of modern internal combustion engine systems and components: Proceedings of the 2003 Spring Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division : presented at 2003 Spring Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division : Salzburg, Austria, May 11-14, 2003. New York, N.Y: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2003.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Technical and economic performance of internal combustion engines"
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Lawes, K. T., and B. R. Mason. "The RCV engine. Technical analysis and real world benefits." In Internal Combustion Engines: Improving Performance, Fuel Economy and Emission, 135–44. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9780857095060.4.135.
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N. Nair, Jayashri. "Mitigation of Emissions through Injection Strategies for C I Engine." In Internal Combustion Engine Technology and Applications of Biodiesel Fuel. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96483.
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Fuel conversion efficiency is high with diesel engines compared to petrol engines. However high emissions from diesel is a matter of concern and its mitigation paves way for scope of research. Exhaust gas recirculation is one of the method widely accepted to curb NOx emissions. Recently, split or multiple-injection strategy has been explored by researchers to precisely control the fuel injected per cycle and also to mitigate emissions. Present work reflects technical review of effect of injection strategies on performance, emissions and combustion on C.I. engine with diesel and biodiesel as fuel. Injection strategies like duration of injection, number of injections, the dwell period between two injections, quantity of injection, and multiple injections are analyzed for their influence on engine output and brake specific fuel consumption. Also their effect on emissions especially soot and NOx emission are reviewed. First the effect of injection strategies with diesel fuel is discussed followed by biodiesel.
Conference papers on the topic "Technical and economic performance of internal combustion engines"
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Sahoo, Sridhar, and Dhananjay Kumar Srivastava. "Environment and Economic Assessment of CNG and Gasoline Engines: An Experimental Analysis." In ASME 2021 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2021-66772.
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Abstract The application of alternative fuels in automobile engines is gaining more popularity among the scientific community than ever. Most of the research emphasis is on the performance and combustion aspect of the engine. The environmental and economic evaluation of these fuels is also equally important for sustainability, which is relatively unexplored and needs to be evaluated. The present work compares the environmental and economic aspects of a spark ignition (SI) engine fueled with gasoline and compressed natural gas (CNG). To study the environmental impact, regulated and unregulated emissions coming out from the engine exhaust were compared. For economic assessment, annual fuel consumption and associated fuel cost were compared under similar engine operating conditions. The economic cost associated with the environmental impact was calculated based on carbon dioxide emissions and compared using carbon pricing. Experiments on an SI engine were performed at various engine loads to achieve a range of operating conditions to evaluate fuel consumption and engine-out emissions. Results show that a CNG fueled engine has 12.7% lower brake specific fuel consumption than the gasoline engine, which leads to 56% lower fuel cost. It is due to the cumulative effect of higher calorific value and the lower fuel price of CNG compared to gasoline. Additionally, average environment emission and associated cost due to carbon dioxide (CO2) emission reduced by 29% using CNG over gasoline. This study shows that CNG can lead to lesser fuel consumption and its associated fuel and environment cost compared to gasoline.
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Callahan, Timothy J. "Survey of Gas Engine Performance and Future Trends." In ASME 2003 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2003-0628.
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Worldwide, reciprocating engines play a major role in power generation. Many of the reciprocating engines are diesel engines used as stand-by generators, but increasingly, natural gas engines are providing distributed base load generation and finding service in combined heat and power applications. The economics of power generation continues to place a premium on engine efficiency while environmental regulators continue to legislate lower and lower exhaust emission levels, specifically NOx emissions. NOx emissions and efficiency tend to be proportional, so while not mutually exclusive, low NOx and high efficiency are difficult to obtain simultaneously. In spite of the NOx-efficiency relationship, natural gas engines are more efficient with lower emissions today than in the past and the trend toward higher efficiency will continue in the future. This paper surveys current natural gas engine performance and emissions and projects future engine performance. This paper also introduces the ARES and ARICE programs for developing revolutionary technology for high efficiency and low emissions.
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Topinka, Jennifer A., Joell R. Hibshman, and W. Douglas Glenn. "Correlation of Single-Cylinder to Multi-Cylinder Performance for a Medium Speed Diesel Engine." In ASME 2006 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2006-1331.
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Single-cylinder research engines are valuable tools in the development of multi-cylinder reciprocating engines. The financial advantages of single-cylinder testing increases with engine size offering even larger benefits for medium-speed engines than light-duty automotive or heavy-duty truck engines. While testing on a single-cylinder engine provides a number of economic and technical advantages [1], careful planning and setup are required to maximize the usefulness of single-cylinder results as predictive of multi-cylinder performance. This paper describes the methodology used to set up and operate a single-cylinder medium speed diesel engine for combustion performance testing. An overview of the test cell design, infrastructure and instrumentation is provided, along with detailed specifications of the engine. There is good correlation between the single-cylinder and multi-cylinder performance when the gas-exchange-and frictional loss differences are taken into account. The strategy and results for this correlation effort are presented and discussed. The apparent rate of heat release was very consistent between the MCE and the SCE for the same load and injection timing. For other parameters, it was found that the single-cylinder engine contains biases relative to the absolute values observed from a full multi-cylinder engine, but the single-cylinder results are very useful in identifying relative performance trends and in performing in-cylinder optimization.
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Dayanand, Nikhil, John D. Palazzotto, and Alan T. Beckman. "Effect of Stationary Natural Gas Engine Oils on Fuel Economy." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2012-81052.
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In order to investigate the possible environmental and economic benefits of lubricants optimized for stationary natural gas engine efficiency, a decision was made to develop a test stand to quantify the effects of lubricant viscosities and formulations on the brake specific fuel consumption. Many fuel economy tests already exist for evaluating gasoline and heavy duty diesel motor oils which have proven the benefit of fuel economy from different lubricant formulations. These engines would not be suitable tools for evaluating the fuel economy performance of lubricating oils formulated specifically for stationary natural gas engines, since there are significant differences in operating conditions, fuel type, and oil formulations. This paper describes the adaptation of a Waukesha VSG F11 GSID as a tool to evaluate fuel consumption performance. The performance of brake specific fuel consumption when using different formulations was measured at selected high loads and rated speed. The results of the testing program discuss the viscosity and additive effects of stationary natural gas engine oil formulations on brake specific fuel consumption. The results will detail the change in brake specific fuel consumption between natural gas engine oil formulations blended to varying viscosities and compared to a typical natural gas engine oil formulation with a viscosity of 13.8 cSt @ 100°C. The second portion of the test program explores the effect of different additive packages that were blended to the same finished oil viscosity. It was acknowledged that there were statistical differences in brake specific fuel consumption characteristics between lubricants different in viscosity and additive formulations.
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Niemeyer, Kyle E., Shane R. Daly, William J. Cannella, and Christopher L. Hagen. "A Novel Fuel Performance Index for LTC Engines Based on Operating Envelopes in Light-Duty Driving Cycle Simulations." In ASME 2014 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2014-5478.
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Low-temperature combustion (LTC) engine concepts such as homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) offer the potential of improved efficiency and reduced emissions of NOx and particulates. However, engines can only successfully operate in HCCI mode for limited operating ranges that vary depending on the fuel composition. Unfortunately, traditional ratings such as octane number poorly predict the autoignition behavior of fuels in such engine modes, and metrics recently proposed for HCCI engines have areas of improvement when wide ranges of fuels are considered. In this study, a new index for ranking fuel suitability for LTC engines was defined, based on the fraction of potential fuel savings achieved in the FTP-75 light-duty vehicle driving cycle. Driving cycle simulations were performed using a typical light-duty passenger vehicle, providing pairs of engine speed and load points. Separately, single-zone naturally aspirated HCCI engine simulations were performed for a variety of fuels in order to determine the operating envelopes for each. These results were combined to determine the varying improvement in fuel economy offered by fuels, forming the basis for a fuel performance index. Results showed that, in general, lower octane fuels performed better, resulting in higher LTC fuel index values; however, octane number alone did not predict fuel performance.
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Vlaskos, Ioannis, Martin Seiler, and Joachim Schulz. "Design and Performance of the ABB TPL65 Turbocharger With Variable Turbine Geometry for Medium-Speed Diesel Engines." In ASME 2002 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2002-524.
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This paper presents the main features of the new ABB TPL65 turbocharger with variable turbine geometry (VTG) and highlights potential improvements in engine performance and emissions as demonstrated by measurements on a medium-speed 4-stroke diesel engine at different operational points on the propeller curve and different nozzle vane positions. Calibrated engine simulation computer models have been used to compare engine behaviour, firstly with and without the VTG-turbocharger, and secondly with alternative turbocharging systems. Test results and simulations show that ABB turbochargers with VTG enable: • Fuel economy; • A strong reduction in soot emissions; • Elimination of the thermal load problem during propeller part load operation while keeping the NOx emissions within the limits defined by the IMO regulations for medium-speed diesel engines. The results of various engine computer simulations show: • Lower fuel consumption and lower engine thermal load; • Reduced derate at high ambient temperatures; • Good engine acceleration with potentially smokeless transient engine operation.
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Aufischer, Rainer, Rick Walker, Martin Offenbecher, and Gunther Hager. "Modular Bearing Designs to Cope With the New Engine Designs Demanding High Performance, Lead Free Solutions and Robustness." In ASME 2013 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2013-19116.
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Engine development, driven by environmental considerations outlined in the different emission regulations, fuel economy and fuel availability in combination with economical boundary conditions, needs new approaches in bearing material and design. Since gas engines are gaining market share and firing pressures increase in Diesel engines in order to fulfill fuel economy a special focus has also been taken to tailor-made bearings for these applications. This complex task has to consider lining compound material strength and stability under different conditions like oil condition and dilution. Thin overlays with long term wear resistance and mixed friction capabilities as well as robust design for extraordinary events like dirt shock loading or adaptations at the engine start are necessary. To fulfill all these requirements different tasks have to be considered: 1. Bearing lining and steel shell compound to fulfill assembly requirements to combine a safe bearing seat with anti-fretting and high strength with base tribological characteristics 2. Design and use of different layers to compensate weakness of the one layer with the strength of another layer 3. Incorporation of special running conditions and cost reduction approaches in the layer design like polymer coatings for start stop and shaft designs with rougher surface finishes 4. Bearing design incorporating special shapes to cope better with deflections and geometric deficiencies of a special engine design or application In this publication existing and new lining compound approaches including lead free designs, a variety of different overlays from electroplated, polymer and sputtered ones are briefly described. Additionally it is explained how these layers are combined and how they work together to improve bearing performance. Testing of the bearing components and designs on bearing test rigs with new test conditions considering dirt shock and misalignment and their confirmation by engine running experiences are given for a gas engine and a high speed diesel engine applications. A special outlook on how this approach can be extended to other applications for the sake of robustness, cost reduction or performance increase will summarize the paper.
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Mergen, Robert, Rick Walker, and Michael Putz. "New Bearing Materials for Large Engines and Compressors." In ASME 2002 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2002-474.
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A new concept for bimetal bearings combining the development of a new bearing alloy and the bearing type design as a composition of different layers is presented. The goal was to reach the performance of typical trimetal bearings by the economical solution of a bimetal bearing design. An intensive study of performance shortages of today’s conventional bimetal bearings as well as a scope of future bearing performance needs headed the performance description of the newly developed bearing type. Metallurgical and technological options given in the publication were used to reach the design criteria. The development resulted in an aluminum bearing alloy with increased tribological and mechanical properties including a special bearing type design with a high strength bonding layer. The roll bonding procedure was adapted to produce the steel aluminum strips. As an important part of the development, resistance against corrosion and cavitation were taken into consideration. The reported results from test rigs and field tests in different engines demonstrate that the original expectations have been fully achieved. Hence, the economical advantage of bimetal bearings versus trimetal design can be realized.
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Bade Shrestha, S. O., and Ghazi A. Karim. "The Operational Mixture Limits in Engines Fueled With Alternative Gaseous Fuels." In ASME 2005 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2005-1087.
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The operation of engines whether spark ignition or compression ignition on a wide range of alternative gaseous fuels when using lean mixtures, can offer in principle distinct advantages. These include better economy, reduced emissions and improved engine operational life. However, there are distinct operational mixture limits below which acceptable steady engine performance cannot be sustained. These mixture limits are usually described as the “lean operational limits”, or loosely as the ignition limits which are a function of various operational and design parameters for the engine and fuel used. Through experimental investigation and analytical simulation of engine performance, relatively simple approximate procedures are described for predicting the operational mixture limits for both spark ignition and dual fuel compression ignition engines when using a range of common gaseous fuels such as natural gas/methane, propane, hydrogen and some of their mixtures. It is to be shown that good agreement between the predicted and corresponding experimental values can be obtained for a range of operating conditions for both types of engines.
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Yang, Shiyou, Kangyao Deng, Yi Cui, and Hongzhong Gu. "A Study on an Automatically Variable Intake Exhaust Injection Timing Turbo-Charging System for Diesel Engines." In ASME 2009 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2009-76077.
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A new turbo-charging system, named AVIEIT (automatically variable intake exhaust injection timing), is proposed. Its main purpose is to improve the performance of low speed high torque operating conditions and improve the economy of high speed operating conditions for high-speed supercharged inter-cooled diesel engines. The principle of the AVIEIT turbo-charging system is presented. A control mechanism for the proposed AVIEIT system used for a truck diesel engine is introduced. An engine simulation code has been developed. In this code, zero-dimensional in-cylinder combustion model, one-dimensional FVM-TVD (finite volume method-total variation diminishing) model for unsteady gas flow in the intake and exhaust manifold, and turbocharger model are used. The developed code is used to simulate the performances of diesel engines using the AVIEIT system. Simulations of a military use diesel engine “12V150” and a truck diesel engine “D6114” using the AVIEIT system have been performed. Simulation results show that the in-cylinder charge air amount of the diesel engine with the AVIEIT system is increased at low speed high torque operating conditions, and the fuel economy is improved at high speed operating conditions. In order to test the idea of the AVIEIT system, an experiment on a truck diesel engine “D6114” equipped with an AVIEIT control mechanism has been finished. The experiment results show that the AVIEIT system can improve economy of high speed operating conditions. Both the simulation and experiment results suggest that the AVIEIT system has the potential to replace the Waste-Gate and VGT turbo-charging systems.