Journal articles: 'TEC15'

1

Köhler, Tim, Stefanie Wesche, Naimeh Taheri, Gerhard H. Braus, and Hans-Ulrich Mösch. "Dual Role of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae TEA/ATTS Family Transcription Factor Tec1p in Regulation of Gene Expression and Cellular Development." Eukaryotic Cell 1, no. 5 (October 2002): 673–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.1.5.673-686.2002.

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ABSTRACT In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the transcription factors Tec1p and Ste12p are required for haploid invasive and diploid pseudohyphal growth. Tec1p and Ste12p have been postulated to regulate these developmental processes primarily by cooperative binding to filamentous and invasion-responsive elements (FREs), which are combined enhancer elements that consist of a Tec1p-binding site (TCS) and an Ste12p-binding site (PRE). They are present in the promoter regions of target genes, e.g., FLO11. Here, we show that Tec1p efficiently activates target gene expression and cellular development in the absence of Ste12p. We further demonstrate that TCS elements alone are sufficient to mediate Tec1p-driven gene expression by a mechanism termed TCS control that is operative even when Ste12p is absent. Mutational analysis of TEC1 revealed that TCS control, FLO11 expression, and haploid invasive growth require the C terminus of Tec1p. In contrast, the Ste12p-dependent FRE control mechanism is sufficiently executed by the N-terminal portion of Tec1p, which contains the TEA/ATTS DNA-binding domain. Our study suggests that regulation of haploid invasive and diploid pseudohyphal growth by Ste12p and Tec1p is not only executed by combinatorial control but involves additional control mechanisms in which Ste12p activates TEC1 expression via clustered PREs and where Tec1p regulates expression of target genes, e.g., FLO11, by TCS control.

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2

Patel, Mitul, Daniel Schwendemann, Giorgia Spigno, Shiyu Geng, Linn Berglund, and Kristiina Oksman. "Functional Nanocomposite Films of Poly(Lactic Acid) with Well-Dispersed Chitin Nanocrystals Achieved Using a Dispersing Agent and Liquid-Assisted Extrusion Process." Molecules 26, no. 15 (July 28, 2021): 4557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154557.

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The development of bio-based nanocomposites is of high scientific and industrial interest, since they offer excellent advantages in creating functional materials. However, dispersion and distribution of the nanomaterials inside the polymer matrix is a key challenge to achieve high-performance functional nanocomposites. In this context, for better dispersion, biobased triethyl citrate (TEC) as a dispersing agent in a liquid-assisted extrusion process was used to prepare the nanocomposites of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs). The aim was to identify the effect of the TEC content on the dispersion of ChNCs in the PLA matrix and the manufacturing of a functional nanocomposite. The nanocomposite film’s optical properties; microstructure; migration of the additive and nanocomposites’ thermal, mechanical and rheological properties, all influenced by the ChNC dispersion, were studied. The microscopy study confirmed that the dispersion of the ChNCs was improved with the increasing TEC content, and the best dispersion was found in the nanocomposite prepared with 15 wt% TEC. Additionally, the nanocomposite with the highest TEC content (15 wt%) resembled the mechanical properties of commonly used polymers like polyethylene and polypropylene. The addition of ChNCs in PLA-TEC15 enhanced the melt viscosity, as well as melt strength, of the polymer and demonstrated antibacterial activity.

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Baur, M., R. K. Esch, and B. Errede. "Cooperative binding interactions required for function of the Ty1 sterile responsive element." Molecular and Cellular Biology 17, no. 8 (August 1997): 4330–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.17.8.4330.

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The Ste12p transcription factor controls the expression of Ty1 transposable element insertion mutations and genes whose products are required for mating in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The binding site for Ste12p is a consensus DNA sequence known as a pheromone response element (PRE). Upstream activating sequences (UASs) derived from known Ste12p-dependent genes have previously been characterized to require either multiple PREs or a single PRE coupled to a binding site for a second protein. The Ste12p-dependent UAS from Ty1, called a sterile response element (SRE), is of the second type and is comprised of a PRE and an adjacent TEA (TEF-1, Tec1, and AbaA motif) DNA consensus sequence (TCS). In this report, we show by UV cross-linking analysis that two proteins, Ste12p and a protein with an apparent size of 72 kDa, directly contact the Ty1 SRE. Other experiments show that Tec1p is required for formation of the Ty1 SRE protein-DNA complex and is physically present in the complex. These results establish a direct role for Tec1p in the Ty1 SRE and yet another set of combinatorial interactions that achieve a qualitatively distinct mode of transcriptional regulation with Ste12p.

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4

Heise, Barbara, Julia van der Felden, Sandra Kern, Mario Malcher, Stefan Brückner, and Hans-Ulrich Mösch. "The TEA Transcription Factor Tec1 Confers Promoter-Specific Gene Regulation by Ste12-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms." Eukaryotic Cell 9, no. 4 (January 29, 2010): 514–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00251-09.

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ABSTRACT In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the TEA transcription factor Tec1 is known to regulate target genes together with a second transcription factor, Ste12. Tec1-Ste12 complexes can activate transcription through Tec1 binding sites (TCSs), which can be further combined with Ste12 binding sites (PREs) for cooperative DNA binding. However, previous studies have hinted that Tec1 might regulate transcription also without Ste12. Here, we show that in vivo, physiological amounts of Tec1 are sufficient to stimulate TCS-mediated gene expression and transcription of the FLO11 gene in the absence of Ste12. In vitro, Tec1 is able to bind TCS elements with high affinity and specificity without Ste12. Furthermore, Tec1 contains a C-terminal transcriptional activation domain that confers Ste12-independent activation of TCS-regulated gene expression. On a genome-wide scale, we identified 302 Tec1 target genes that constitute two distinct classes. A first class of 254 genes is regulated by Tec1 in a Ste12-dependent manner and is enriched for genes that are bound by Tec1 and Ste12 in vivo. In contrast, a second class of 48 genes can be regulated by Tec1 independently of Ste12 and is enriched for genes that are bound by the stress transcription factors Yap6, Nrg1, Cin5, Skn7, Hsf1, and Msn4. Finally, we find that combinatorial control by Tec1-Ste12 complexes stabilizes Tec1 against degradation. Our study suggests that Tec1 is able to regulate TCS-mediated gene expression by Ste12-dependent and Ste12-independent mechanisms that enable promoter-specific transcriptional control.

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5

Staib, Peter, Ayfer Binder, Marianne Kretschmar, Thomas Nichterlein, Klaus Schröppel, and Joachim Morschhäuser. "Tec1p-Independent Activation of a Hypha-Associated Candida albicans Virulence Gene during Infection." Infection and Immunity 72, no. 4 (April 2004): 2386–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.4.2386-2389.2004.

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ABSTRACT The Tec1p transcription factor is involved in the expression of hypha-specific genes in Candida albicans. Although the induction of the hypha-associated SAP5 gene by serum in vitro depends on Tec1p, deletion of all Tec1p binding site consensus sequences from the SAP5 promoter did not affect its activation. In two different animal models of candidiasis, the SAP5 promoter was induced even in a Δtec1 deletion mutant, demonstrating that the requirement for Tec1p in gene expression in C. albicans depends on the environmental conditions within the host.

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6

Yang, Fang, Sigrid Eckardt, N. Adrian Leu, K. John McLaughlin, and Peijing Jeremy Wang. "Mouse TEX15 is essential for DNA double-strand break repair and chromosomal synapsis during male meiosis." Journal of Cell Biology 180, no. 4 (February 18, 2008): 673–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200709057.

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During meiosis, homologous chromosomes undergo synapsis and recombination. We identify TEX15 as a novel protein that is required for chromosomal synapsis and meiotic recombination. Loss of TEX15 function in mice causes early meiotic arrest in males but not in females. Specifically, TEX15-deficient spermatocytes exhibit a failure in chromosomal synapsis. In mutant spermatocytes, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are formed, but localization of the recombination proteins RAD51 and DMC1 to meiotic chromosomes is severely impaired. Based on these data, we propose that TEX15 regulates the loading of DNA repair proteins onto sites of DSBs and, thus, its absence causes a failure in meiotic recombination.

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7

Chou, Song, Shelley Lane, and Haoping Liu. "Regulation of Mating and Filamentation Genes by Two Distinct Ste12 Complexes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular and Cellular Biology 26, no. 13 (July 1, 2006): 4794–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.02053-05.

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ABSTRACT The Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcription factor Ste12 controls two distinct developmental programs of mating and filamentation. Ste12 activity is regulated by Fus3 and Kss1 mitogen-activated protein kinases through two Ste12 inhibitors, Dig1 and Dig2. Mating genes are regulated by Ste12 through Ste12 binding sites (pheromone response elements [PREs]), whereas filamentation genes are supposedly regulated by the cooperative binding of Ste12 and Tec1 on a PRE adjacent to a Tec1-binding site (TCS), termed filamentous responsive element (FRE). However, most filamentation genes do not contain an FRE; instead, they all have a TCS. By immunoprecipitation, we show that Ste12 forms two distinct complexes, Ste12/Dig1/Dig2 and Tec1/Ste12/Dig1, both in vivo and in vitro. The two complexes are formed by the competitive binding of Tec1 and Dig2 with Ste12, as Tec1 can compete off Dig2 from Ste12 in vitro and in vivo. In the Tec1/Ste12/Dig1 complex, Tec1 binds to the N terminus of Ste12 and to Dig1 indirectly through Ste12. Tec1 has low basal activity, and its transcriptional activation is provided by the associated Ste12, which is under Dig1 inhibition. Filamentation genes are bound by the Tec1/Ste12/Dig1 complex, whereas mating genes are occupied by mostly Ste12/Dig1/Dig2 with some Tec1/Ste12/Dig1. We suggest that Tec1 tethers Ste12 to TCS elements upstream of filamentation genes and defines the filamentation genes as a subset of Ste12-regulated genes.

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8

Laloux, I., E. Dubois, M. Dewerchin, and E. Jacobs. "TEC1, a gene involved in the activation of Ty1 and Ty1-mediated gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: cloning and molecular analysis." Molecular and Cellular Biology 10, no. 7 (July 1990): 3541–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.10.7.3541.

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Ty and Ty-mediated gene expression observed in haploid cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae depends on several determinants, some of which are required for the expression of haploid-specific genes. We report here the cloning and molecular analysis of TEC1. TEC1 encodes a 486-amino-acid protein that is a trans-acting factor required for full Ty1 expression and Ty1-mediated gene activation. However, mutation or deletion of the TEC1 gene had little effect on total Ty2 transcript levels. Our analysis provides clear evidence that TEC1 is not involved in mating or sporulation processes. Unlike most of the proteins involved in Ty and adjacent gene expression, the product of TEC1 has no known cellular function. Although there was no mating-type effect on TEC1 expression, our results indicate that the TEC1 and the a/alpha diploid controls on Ty1 expression are probably not cumulative.

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9

Laloux, I., E. Dubois, M. Dewerchin, and E. Jacobs. "TEC1, a gene involved in the activation of Ty1 and Ty1-mediated gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: cloning and molecular analysis." Molecular and Cellular Biology 10, no. 7 (July 1990): 3541–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.10.7.3541-3550.1990.

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Ty and Ty-mediated gene expression observed in haploid cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae depends on several determinants, some of which are required for the expression of haploid-specific genes. We report here the cloning and molecular analysis of TEC1. TEC1 encodes a 486-amino-acid protein that is a trans-acting factor required for full Ty1 expression and Ty1-mediated gene activation. However, mutation or deletion of the TEC1 gene had little effect on total Ty2 transcript levels. Our analysis provides clear evidence that TEC1 is not involved in mating or sporulation processes. Unlike most of the proteins involved in Ty and adjacent gene expression, the product of TEC1 has no known cellular function. Although there was no mating-type effect on TEC1 expression, our results indicate that the TEC1 and the a/alpha diploid controls on Ty1 expression are probably not cumulative.

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10

Bao, Marie Z., Teresa R. Shock, and Hiten D. Madhani. "Multisite Phosphorylation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Filamentous Growth Regulator Tec1 Is Required for its Recognition by the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Adaptor Cdc4 and Its Subsequent Destruction In Vivo." Eukaryotic Cell 9, no. 1 (January 2010): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00250-09.

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ABSTRACT In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the pheromone-induced ubiquitylation and degradation of the filamentation pathway-specific activator, Tec1, suppresses cross talk between the mating and filamentous growth mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. The mating pathway MAPK, Fus3, phosphorylates Tec1, resulting in its recognition by the SCF (for Skp1, Cullin, F-box containing) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, leading to its proteolysis. Previously, it was found that Tec1 destruction requires phosphorylation on threonine 273 (T273). T273 is embedded in the sequence LLpTP, which is identical to the canonical binding site for Cdc4, a conserved F-box substrate adaptor for the SCF complex. However, recent work on both Cdc4 and the human Cdc4 ortholog Fbw7 has shown that a second substrate phosphorylation can be required for optimal Cdc4 binding in vitro. We report here that high-affinity binding of recombinant Cdc4 to Tec1 phosphopeptides requires phosphorylation of not only T273 but also a second site, T276. Significantly, both phospho-sites on Tec1 and a conserved basic pocket on Cdc4 are critical for Tec1 proteolysis in response to pheromone treatment of cells, establishing a role for two-phosphate recognition by yeast Cdc4 in substrate targeting in vivo.

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11

Shock, Teresa R., James Thompson, John R. Yates, and Hiten D. Madhani. "Hog1 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Interrupts Signal Transduction between the Kss1 MAPK and the Tec1 Transcription Factor To Maintain Pathway Specificity." Eukaryotic Cell 8, no. 4 (February 13, 2009): 606–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00005-09.

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ABSTRACT In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the mating, filamentous growth (FG), and high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways share components and yet mediate distinct responses to different extracellular signals. Cross talk is suppressed between the mating and FG pathways because mating signaling induces the destruction of the FG transcription factor Tec1. We show here that HOG pathway activation results in phosphorylation of the FG MAPK, Kss1, and the MAPKK, Ste7. However, FG transcription is not activated because HOG signaling prevents the activation of Tec1. In contrast to the mating pathway, we find that the mechanism involves the inhibition of DNA binding by Tec1 rather than its destruction. We also find that nuclear accumulation of Tec1 is not affected by HOG signaling. Inhibition by Hog1 is apparently indirect since it does not require any of the consensus S/TP MAPK phosphorylation sites on Tec1, its DNA-binding partner Ste12, or the associated regulators Dig1 or Dig2. It also does not require the consensus MAPK sites of the Ste11 activator Ste50, in contrast to a recent proposal for a role for negative feedback in specificity. Our results demonstrate that HOG signaling interrupts the FG pathway signal transduction between the phosphorylation of Kss1 and the activation of DNA binding by Tec1.

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12

Lane, Shelley, Song Zhou, Ting Pan, Qian Dai, and Haoping Liu. "The Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factor Cph2 Regulates Hyphal Development in CandidaalbicansPartly via Tec1." Molecular and Cellular Biology 21, no. 19 (October 1, 2001): 6418–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.21.19.6418-6428.2001.

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ABSTRACT Candida albicans undergoes a morphogenetic switch from budding yeast to hyphal growth form in response to a variety of stimuli and growth conditions. Multiple signaling pathways, including a Cph1-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and an Efg1-mediated cyclic AMP/protein kinase A pathway, regulate the transition. Here we report the identification of a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor of the Myc subfamily (Cph2) by its ability to promote pseudohyphal growth inSaccharomyces cerevisiae. Like sterol response element binding protein 1, Cph2 has a Tyr instead of a conserved Arg in the basic DNA binding region. Cph2 regulates hyphal development in C. albicans, ascph2/cph2 mutant strains show medium-specific impairment in hyphal development and in the induction of hypha-specific genes. However, many hypha-specific genes do not have potential Cph2 binding sites in their upstream regions. Interestingly, upstream sequences of all known hypha-specific genes are found to contain potential binding sites for Tec1, a regulator of hyphal development. Northern analysis shows that TEC1 transcription is highest in the medium in which cph2/cph2 displays a defect in hyphal development, and Cph2 is necessary for this transcriptional induction of TEC1. In vitro gel mobility shift experiments show that Cph2 directly binds to the two sterol regulatory element 1-like elements upstream of TEC1. Furthermore, the ectopic expression of TEC1 suppresses the defect ofcph2/cph2 in hyphal development. Therefore, the function of Cph2 in hyphal transcription is mediated, in part, through Tec1. We further show that this function of Cph2 is independent of the Cph1- and Efg1-mediated pathways.

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13

Kim, Tae Soo, Hye Young Kim, Jin Ho Yoon, and Hyen Sam Kang. "Recruitment of the Swi/Snf Complex by Ste12-Tec1 Promotes Flo8-Mss11-Mediated Activation of STA1 Expression." Molecular and Cellular Biology 24, no. 21 (November 1, 2004): 9542–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.24.21.9542-9556.2004.

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ABSTRACT In the yeast Saccharomyces diastaticus, expression of the STA1 gene, which encodes an extracellular glucoamylase, is activated by the specific DNA-binding activators Flo8, Mss11, Ste12, and Tec1 and the Swi/Snf chromatin-remodeling complex. Here we show that Flo8 interacts physically and functionally with Mss11. Flo8 and Mss11 bind cooperatively to the inverted repeat sequence TTTGC-n-GCAAA (n = 97) in UAS1-2 of the STA1 promoter. In addition, Flo8 and Mss11 bind indirectly to UAS2-1 of the STA1 promoter by interacting with Ste12 and Tec1, which bind to the filamentation and invasion response element (FRE) in UAS2-1. Furthermore, our findings indicate that the Ste12, Tec1, Flo8, and Mss11 activators and the Swi/Snf complex bind sequentially to the STA1 promoter, as follows: Ste12 and Tec1 bind first to the FRE, whereby they recruit the Swi/Snf complex to the STA1 promoter. Next, the Swi/Snf complex enhances Flo8 and Mss11 binding to UAS1-2. In the final step, Flo8 and Mss11 directly promote association of RNA polymerase II with the STA1 promoter to activate STA1 expression. In the absence of glucose, the levels of Flo8 and Tec1 are greatly increased, whereas the abundances of two repressors, Nrg1 and Sfl1, are reduced, suggesting that the balance of transcriptional regulators may be important for determining activation or repression of STA1 expression.

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14

Krikau, M. F., and C. L. Jahn. "Tec2, a second transposon-like element demonstrating developmentally programmed excision in Euplotes crassus." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 9 (September 1991): 4751–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.9.4751.

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The analysis of a repetitive DNA interruption of the micronuclear precursor to a 0.85-kb macronuclear gene in the hypotrich Euplotes crassus has led to the identification of a second transposon-like element named Tec2. Two copies of this element, one inserted into the other, compose the interruption. The Tec2 element resembles the previously characterized Tec1 element in overall size, copy number, length, and extreme terminal sequence of its inverted repeats and in the apparent use of a 5'-TA-3' target site. In addition, extrachromosomal circular forms of Tec2 appear in DNA isolated from cells undergoing macronuclear development at the same time and with the same conformation as extrachromosomal circular forms of Tec1. These similarities suggest that the Tec1 and Tec2 elements may be under the same type of regulation during macronuclear development.

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15

Krikau, M. F., and C. L. Jahn. "Tec2, a second transposon-like element demonstrating developmentally programmed excision in Euplotes crassus." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 9 (September 1991): 4751–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.9.4751-4759.1991.

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The analysis of a repetitive DNA interruption of the micronuclear precursor to a 0.85-kb macronuclear gene in the hypotrich Euplotes crassus has led to the identification of a second transposon-like element named Tec2. Two copies of this element, one inserted into the other, compose the interruption. The Tec2 element resembles the previously characterized Tec1 element in overall size, copy number, length, and extreme terminal sequence of its inverted repeats and in the apparent use of a 5'-TA-3' target site. In addition, extrachromosomal circular forms of Tec2 appear in DNA isolated from cells undergoing macronuclear development at the same time and with the same conformation as extrachromosomal circular forms of Tec1. These similarities suggest that the Tec1 and Tec2 elements may be under the same type of regulation during macronuclear development.

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16

He, X. J., H. Tian, Y. X. Cao, D. W. Chen, F. Sun, and Z. L. Wei. "TEX15 causes spermatogenesis disorder by effecting meiotic recombination." Fertility and Sterility 100, no. 3 (September 2013): S219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.07.1311.

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17

Dorrity, Michael W., Josh T. Cuperus, Jolie A. Carlisle, Stanley Fields, and Christine Queitsch. "Preferences in a trait decision determined by transcription factor variants." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 34 (August 1, 2018): E7997—E8006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1805882115.

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Few mechanisms are known that explain how transcription factors can adjust phenotypic outputs to accommodate differing environments. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the decision to mate or invade relies on environmental cues that converge on a shared transcription factor, Ste12. Specificity toward invasion occurs via Ste12 binding cooperatively with the cofactor Tec1. Here, we determine the range of phenotypic outputs (mating vs. invasion) of thousands of DNA-binding domain variants in Ste12 to understand how preference for invasion may arise. We find that single amino acid changes in the DNA-binding domain can shift the preference of yeast toward either mating or invasion. These mutations define two distinct regions of this domain, suggesting alternative modes of DNA binding for each trait. We characterize the DNA-binding specificity of wild-type Ste12 to identify a strong preference for spacing and orientation of both homodimeric and heterodimeric sites. Ste12 mutants that promote hyperinvasion in a Tec1-independent manner fail to bind cooperative sites with Tec1 and bind to unusual dimeric Ste12 sites composed of one near-perfect and one highly degenerate site. We propose a model in which Ste12 alone may have evolved to activate invasion genes, which could explain how preference for invasion arose in the many fungal pathogens that lack Tec1.

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KHURANA, Shashank, and Kojiro SUZUKI. "Hypersonic Flow Investigation of Aerospikes for Delta-type Lifting Body Configurations." TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY FOR AERONAUTICAL AND SPACE SCIENCES, AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY JAPAN 10, ists28 (2012): Te_15—Te_24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2322/tastj.10.te_15.

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19

Daniels, Karla J., Thyagarajan Srikantha, Claude Pujol, Yang-Nim Park, and David R. Soll. "Role of Tec1 in the Development, Architecture, and Integrity of Sexual Biofilms of Candida albicans." Eukaryotic Cell 14, no. 3 (January 2, 2015): 228–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00224-14.

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ABSTRACTMTL-homozygous (a/aor α/α) white cells form a complex sexual biofilm that exhibits the same architecture as that ofMTL-heterozygous (a/α) pathogenic biofilms. However, the former is regulated by the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway, while the latter is regulated by the Ras1/cyclic AMP (cAMP) pathway. We previously demonstrated that in the formation of anMTL-homozygous, mature (48 h) sexual biofilm in RPMI 1640 medium, the MAP kinase pathway targets Tec1 rather than Cph1, the latter of which is the target of the same pathway, but for the opaque cell mating response. Here we continued our analysis of the role of Tec1 by comparing the effects of deletingTEC1on initial adhesion to silicone elastomer, high-resolution confocal microscopy assessments of the stages and cellular phenotypes during the 48 h of biofilm development, human white cell penetration, and biofilm fragility. We show that although Tec1 plays only a minor role in initial adhesion to the silicone elastomer, it does play a major role in the growth of the basal yeast cell polylayer, vertical extension of hyphae and matrix deposition in the upper portion of the biofilm, final biofilm thickness, penetrability of human white blood cells, and final biofilm integrity (i.e., resistance to fluid flow). These results provide a more detailed description of normal biofilm development and architecture and confirm the central role played by the transcription factor Tec1 in the biofilm model employed here.

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Gavrias, Victoria, Alex Andrianopoulos, Carlos J. Gimeno, and William E. Timberlake. "Saccharomyces cerevisiae TEC1 is required for pseudohyphal growth." Molecular Microbiology 19, no. 6 (March 1996): 1255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02470.x.

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La Valle, Roberto, and Curt Wittenberg. "A Role for the Swe1 Checkpoint Kinase During Filamentous Growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Genetics 158, no. 2 (June 1, 2001): 549–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/158.2.549.

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Abstract In this study we show that inactivation of Hsl1 or Hsl7, negative regulators of the Swe1 kinase, enhances the invasive behavior of haploid and diploid cells. The enhancement of filamentous growth caused by inactivation of both genes is mediated via the Swe1 protein kinase. Whereas Swe1 contributes noticeably to the effectiveness of haploid invasive growth under all conditions tested, its contribution to pseudohyphal growth is limited to the morphological response under standard assay conditions. However, Swe1 is essential for pseudohyphal differentiation under a number of nonstandard assay conditions including altered temperature and increased nitrogen. Swe1 is also required for pseudohyphal growth in the absence of Tec1 and for the induction of filamentation by butanol, a related phenomenon. Although inactivation of Hsl1 is sufficient to suppress the defect in filamentous growth caused by inactivation of Tec1 or Flo8, it is insufficient to promote filamentous growth in the absence of both factors. Moreover, inactivation of Hsl1 will not bypass the requirement for nitrogen starvation or growth on solid medium for pseudohyphal differentiation. We conclude that the Swe1 kinase modulates filamentous development under a broad spectrum of conditions and that its role is partially redundant with the Tec1 and Flo8 transcription factors.

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Argimón, Silvia, Jill A. Wishart, Roger Leng, Susan Macaskill, Abigail Mavor, Thomas Alexandris, Susan Nicholls, et al. "Developmental Regulation of an Adhesin Gene during Cellular Morphogenesis in the Fungal Pathogen Candida albicans." Eukaryotic Cell 6, no. 4 (April 2007): 682–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00340-06.

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ABSTRACT Candida albicans expresses specific virulence traits that promote disease establishment and progression. These traits include morphological transitions between yeast and hyphal growth forms that are thought to contribute to dissemination and invasion and cell surface adhesins that promote attachment to the host. Here, we describe the regulation of the adhesin gene ALS3, which is expressed specifically during hyphal development in C. albicans. Using a combination of reporter constructs and regulatory mutants, we show that this regulation is mediated by multiple factors at the transcriptional level. The analysis of ALS3 promoter deletions revealed that this promoter contains two activation regions: one is essential for activation during hyphal development, while the second increases the amplitude of this activation. Further deletion analyses using the Renilla reniformis luciferase reporter delineate the essential activation region between positions −471 and −321 of the promoter. Further 5′ or 3′ deletions block activation. ALS3 transcription is repressed mainly by Nrg1 and Tup1, but Rfg1 contributes to this repression. Efg1, Tec1, and Bcr1 are essential for the transcriptional activation of ALS3, with Tec1 mediating its effects indirectly through Bcr1 rather than through the putative Tec1 sites in the ALS3 promoter. ALS3 transcription is not affected by Cph2, but Cph1 contributes to full ALS3 activation. The data suggest that multiple morphogenetic signaling pathways operate through the promoter of this adhesin gene to mediate its developmental regulation in this major fungal pathogen.

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Yang, Fang, Yemin Lan, Radha Raman Pandey, David Homolka, Shelley L. Berger, Ramesh S. Pillai, Marisa S. Bartolomei, and P. Jeremy Wang. "TEX15 associates with MILI and silences transposable elements in male germ cells." Genes & Development 34, no. 11-12 (May 7, 2020): 745–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.335489.119.

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Bassilana, Martine, Julie Hopkins, and Robert A. Arkowitz. "Regulation of the Cdc42/Cdc24 GTPase Module during Candida albicans Hyphal Growth." Eukaryotic Cell 4, no. 3 (March 2005): 588–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.4.3.588-603.2005.

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ABSTRACT The Rho G protein Cdc42 and its exchange factor Cdc24 are required for hyphal growth of the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. Previously, we reported that strains ectopically expressing Cdc24 or Cdc42 are unable to form hyphae in response to serum. Here we investigated the role of these two proteins in hyphal growth, using quantitative real-time PCR to measure induction of hypha-specific genes together with time lapse microscopy. Expression of the hypha-specific genes examined depends on the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A pathway culminating in the Efg1 and Tec1 transcription factors. We show that strains with reduced levels of CDC24 or CDC42 transcripts induce hypha-specific genes yet cannot maintain their expression in response to serum. Furthermore, in serum these mutants form elongated buds compared to the wild type and mutant budding cells, as observed by time lapse microscopy. Using Cdc24 fused to green fluorescent protein, we also show that Cdc24 is recruited to and persists at the germ tube tip during hyphal growth. Altogether these data demonstrate that the Cdc24/Cdc42 GTPase module is required for maintenance of hyphal growth. In addition, overexpression studies indicate that specific levels of Cdc24 and Cdc42 are important for invasive hyphal growth. In response to serum, CDC24 transcript levels increase transiently in a Tec1-dependent fashion, as do the G-protein RHO3 and the Rho1 GTPase activating protein BEM2 transcript levels. These results suggest that a positive feedback loop between Cdc24 and Tec1 contributes to an increase in active Cdc42 at the tip of the germ tube which is important for hypha formation.

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Goldstein, Alan L., and John H. McCusker. "Development of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a Model Pathogen: A System for the Genetic Identification of Gene Products Required for Survival in the Mammalian Host Environment." Genetics 159, no. 2 (October 1, 2001): 499–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/159.2.499.

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Abstract Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a close relative of the pathogenic Candida species, is an emerging opportunistic pathogen. An isogenic series of S. cerevisiae strains, derived from a human clinical isolate, were used to examine the role of evolutionarily conserved pathways in fungal survival in a mouse host. As is the case for the corresponding Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans mutants, S. cerevisiae purine and pyrimidine auxotrophs were severely deficient in survival, consistent with there being evolutionary conservation of survival traits. Resistance to the antifungal drug 5-fluorocytosine was not deleterious and appeared to be slightly advantageous in vivo. Of mutants in three amino acid biosynthetic pathways, only leu2 mutants were severely deficient in vivo. Unlike the glyoxylate cycle, respiration was very important for survival; however, the mitochondrial genome made a respiration-independent contribution to survival. Mutants deficient in pseudohyphal formation were tested in vivo; flo11Δ mutants were phenotypically neutral while flo8Δ, tec1Δ, and flo8Δ tec1Δ mutants were slightly deficient. Because of its ease of genetic manipulation and the immense S. cerevisiae database, which includes the best annotated eukaryotic genome sequence, S. cerevisiae is a superb model system for the identification of gene products important for fungal survival in the mammalian host environment.

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Sadowski, Emil, and Roman Pniewski. "Measurement of Peltier modules using the Arduino platform." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 12 (December 31, 2018): 630–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.467.

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The article discusses the system for measuring Peltier thermoelectric modules using the Arduino platform based on the Atmega328P microcontroller. The results of such measurements for the TEC1-12705 series of thermoelectric cells are also presented. Both for cooling mode operation (Peltier effect) and for working as a thermoenergy generator (Sebeecka effect)..

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Goyard, Sophie, Philipp Knechtle, Murielle Chauvel, Adeline Mallet, Marie-Christine Prévost, Caroline Proux, Jean-Yves Coppée, et al. "The Yak1 Kinase Is Involved in the Initiation and Maintenance of Hyphal Growth inCandida albicans." Molecular Biology of the Cell 19, no. 5 (May 2008): 2251–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e07-09-0960.

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Members of the dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylated and regulated kinase (DYRK) family perform a variety of functions in eukaryotes. We used gene disruption, targeted pharmacologic inhibition, and genome-wide transcriptional profiling to dissect the function of the Yak1 DYRK in the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. C. albicans strains with mutant yak1 alleles showed defects in the yeast-to-hypha transition and in maintaining hyphal growth. They also could not form biofilms. Despite their in vitro filamentation defect, C. albicans yak1Δ/yak1Δ mutants remained virulent in animal models of systemic and oropharyngeal candidiasis. Transcriptional profiling showed that Yak1 was necessary for the up-regulation of only a subset of hypha-induced genes. Although downstream targets of the Tec1 and Bcr1 transcription factors were down-regulated in the yak1Δ/yak1Δ mutant, TEC1 and BCR1 were not. Furthermore, 63% of Yak1-dependent, hypha-specific genes have been reported to be negatively regulated by the transcriptional repressor Tup1 and inactivation of TUP1 in the yak1Δ/yak1Δ mutant restored filamentation, suggesting that Yak1 may function upstream of Tup1 in governing hyphal emergence and maintenance.

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Grünler, Anke, Andrea Walther, Jana Lämmel, and Jürgen Wendland. "Analysis of flocculins in Ashbya gossypii reveals FIG2 regulation by TEC1." Fungal Genetics and Biology 47, no. 7 (July 2010): 619–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2010.04.001.

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Slachtova, Lenka, Matthew Lohse, Sandy Johnson, and Sudha Veeraraghavan. "Biophysical, Biochemical and Functional Studies of a Novel Fungal Tec1 Paralog." Biophysical Journal 108, no. 2 (January 2015): 510a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2014.11.2794.

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Tibor, Gideon, Zvi Ben-Avraham, Barak Herut, Ami Nishri, and Arik Zurielib. "Bottom morphology and shallow structures in the northwestern part of Lake Kinneret." Israel Journal of Earth Sciences 53, no. 3-4 (January 1, 2004): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1560/te15-ku60-6xv3-xk5u.

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Lin, Xiaoling, Zhongzhong Chen, Peng Gao, Zhimei Gao, Haitao Chen, Jun Qi, Fang Liu, et al. "TEX15 : A DNA repair gene associated with prostate cancer risk in Han Chinese." Prostate 77, no. 12 (July 21, 2017): 1271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pros.23387.

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Knecht, Kerstin, and Lawrence A. Klobutcher. "Telomeric repeat sequences are not associated with Tec1 elements in euplotes crassus." European Journal of Protistology 31, no. 2 (May 1995): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0932-4739(11)80444-x.

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Laloux, Isabelle, Eric Jacobs, and Evelyne Dubois. "Involvement of SRE element of Ty1 transposon in TEC1-dependent transcriptional activation." Nucleic Acids Research 22, no. 6 (1994): 999–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/22.6.999.

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Chou, Song, Su Zhao, You Song, Haoping Liu, and Qing Nie. "Fus3‐triggered Tec1 degradation modulates mating transcriptional output during the pheromone response." Molecular Systems Biology 4, no. 1 (January 2008): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/msb.2008.47.

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Kumar, Kameshwar, Nagesh Thakur, S. S. Bhatt, and Pankaj Sharma. "Calorimetric study of Te15(Se100−xBix)85glassy alloys using differential thermal analysis." Philosophical Magazine 90, no. 29 (October 14, 2010): 3907–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786435.2010.501770.

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Hegab, N. A., A. S. Farid, E. Abd El-Wahabb, and H. Magdy. "Memory switching of chalcogenide glass Se85 Te15 X5 (x=In, Sn) films." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 743 (April 2018): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.12.052.

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Colombo, Roberto, Alessandro Pontoglio, and Maurizio Bini. "Two Novel TEX15 Mutations in a Family with Nonobstructive Azoospermia." Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation 82, no. 3 (2017): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000468934.

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Sha, Yan-Wei, Zhen-Li Gao, Xiong Wang, Hai-Rong Jin, Yuan-Qing Cui, and Jie Chen. "Case study of a patient with cryptozoospermia associated with a recessive TEX15 nonsense mutation." Asian Journal of Andrology 20, no. 1 (2018): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1008-682x.194998.

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Silva, Michelle Peneluppi, Patrícia Pimentel De Barros, Adeline Lacerda Jorjão, Rodnei Dennis Rossoni, Juliana Campos Junqueira, and Antonio Olavo Cardoso Jorge. "Effects of Bacillus subtilis on Candida albicans: biofilm formation, filamentation and gene expression." Brazilian Dental Science 22, no. 2 (April 30, 2019): 252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/bds.2019.v22i2.1692.

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Objective: The aim of this study was evaluate the effect of Bacillus subtilis on Candida albicans biofilm formation and filamentation by evaluating the gene expression of ALS3, HWP1, BCR1, EFG1 and TEC1. Material and Methods: Mixed (C. albicans / B.subtilis) and monotypic biofilms were cultured in plates at 37°C for 48 h under shaking for counting viable cells (CFU / mL) and analysis of gene expression by real-time PCR. The C. albicans filamentation assay was performed in medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum at 37°C for 6 hours. Data was analysed by t-Student and Mann– Whitney tests. Results: B. subtilis reduced the biofilm formation of C. albicans in 1 log when cultured in the same environment (p<0.0001). In addition, it significantly reduced the yeast -hypha transition affecting the morphology of C. albicans. Among all of the analyzed genes, the ALS3 and HWP1 genes were the most affected, achieving 111.1- and 333.3- fold decreases in the C. albicans biofilms associated with B. subtilis, respectively. Conclusion: B. subtilis reduced the biofilm formation and filamentation of C. albicans by negatively regulating the ALS3, HWP1, BCR1, EFG1 and TEC1 genes that are essential for the production of biofilm and hyphae.KeywordsBacillus subtilis; Candida albicans; Biofilm; Filamentation; Gene expression.

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Doak, Thomas G., David J. Witherspoon, Carolyn L. Jahn, and Glenn Herrick. "Selection on the Genes of Euplotes crassus Tec1 and Tec2 Transposons: Evolutionary Appearance of a Programmed Frameshift in a Tec2 Gene Encoding a Tyrosine Family Site-Specific Recombinase." Eukaryotic Cell 2, no. 1 (February 2003): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.2.1.95-102.2003.

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ABSTRACT The Tec1 and Tec2 transposons of the ciliate Euplotes crassus carry a gene for a tyrosine-type site-specific recombinase. The expression of the Tec2 gene apparently uses a programmed +1 frameshift. To test this hypothesis, we first examined whether this gene has evolved under purifying selection in Tec1 and Tec2. Each element carries three genes, and each has evolved under purifying selection for the function of its encoded protein, as evidenced by a dearth of nonsynonymous changes. This distortion of divergence is apparent in codons both 5′ and 3′ of the frameshift site. Thus, Tec2 transposons have diverged from each other while using a programmed +1 frameshift to produce recombinase, the function of which is under purifying selection. What might this function be? Tyrosine-type site-specific recombinases are extremely rare in eukaryotes, and Tec elements are the first known eukaryotic type II transposons to encode a site-specific recombinase. Tec elements also encode a widespread transposase. The Tec recombinase might function in transposition, resolve products of transposition (bacterial replicative transposons use recombinase or resolvase to separate joined replicons), or provide a function that benefits the ciliate host. Transposons in ciliated protozoa are removed from the macronucleus, and it has been proposed that the transposons provide this “excisase” activity.

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Pope, Patricia A., and Peter M. Pryciak. "Functional overlap among distinct G1/S inhibitory pathways allows robust G1 arrest by yeast mating pheromones." Molecular Biology of the Cell 24, no. 23 (December 2013): 3675–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e13-07-0373.

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In budding yeast, mating pheromones arrest the cell cycle in G1 phase via a pheromone-activated Cdk-inhibitor (CKI) protein, Far1. Alternate pathways must also exist, however, because deleting the cyclin CLN2 restores pheromone arrest to far1∆ cells. Here we probe whether these alternate pathways require the G1/S transcriptional repressors Whi5 and Stb1 or the CKI protein Sic1, whose metazoan analogues (Rb or p27) antagonize cell cycle entry. Removing Whi5 and Stb1 allows partial escape from G1 arrest in far1∆ cln2∆ cells, along with partial derepression of G1/S genes, which implies a repressor-independent route for inhibiting G1/S transcription. This route likely involves pheromone-induced degradation of Tec1, a transcriptional activator of the cyclin CLN1, because Tec1 stabilization also causes partial G1 escape in far1∆ cln2∆ cells, and this is additive with Whi5/Stb1 removal. Deleting SIC1 alone strongly disrupts Far1-independent G1 arrest, revealing that inhibition of B-type cyclin-Cdk activity can empower weak arrest pathways. Of interest, although far1∆ cln2∆ sic1∆ cells escaped G1 arrest, they lost viability during pheromone exposure, indicating that G1 exit is deleterious if the arrest signal remains active. Overall our findings illustrate how multiple distinct G1/S-braking mechanisms help to prevent premature cell cycle commitment and ensure a robust signal-induced G1 arrest.

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Lo, Wan-Sheng, and Anne M. Dranginis. "The Cell Surface Flocculin Flo11 Is Required for Pseudohyphae Formation and Invasion bySaccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular Biology of the Cell 9, no. 1 (January 1998): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.9.1.161.

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Diploid yeast develop pseudohyphae in response to nitrogen starvation, while haploid yeast produce invasive filaments which penetrate the agar in rich medium. We have identified a gene,FLO11, that encodes a cell wall protein which is critically required for both invasion and pseudohyphae formation in response to nitrogen starvation. FLO11 encodes a cell surface flocculin with a structure similar to the class of yeast serine/threonine-rich GPI-anchored cell wall proteins. Cells of theSaccharomyces cerevisiae strain Σ1278b with deletions of FLO11 do not form pseudohyphae as diploids nor invade agar as haploids. In rich media, FLO11 is regulated by mating type; it is expressed in haploid cells but not in diploids. Upon transfer to nitrogen starvation media, however, FLO11transcripts accumulate in diploid cells, but not in haploids. Overexpression of FLO11 in diploid cells, which are otherwise not invasive, enables them to invade agar. Thus, the mating type repression of FLO11 in diploids grown in rich media suffices to explain the inability of these cells to invade. The promoter of FLO11 contains a consensus binding sequence for Ste12p and Tec1p, proteins known to cooperatively activate transcription of Ty1 elements and theTEC1 gene during development of pseudohyphae. Yeast with a deletion of STE12 does not expressFLO11 transcripts, indicating that STE12is required for FLO11 expression. These ste12-deletion strains also do not invade agar. However, the ability to invade can be restored by overexpressing FLO11. Activation ofFLO11 may thus be the primary means by which Ste12p and Tec1p cause invasive growth.

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Yamazato, Yuzo, Atsushi Shiozaki, Toshiyuki Kosuga, Katsutoshi Shoda, Tomohiro Arita, Hirotaka Konishi, Ryo Morimura, et al. "PS02.155: THE ROLE OF AQUAPORIN 1 IN ESOPHAGEAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA." Diseases of the Esophagus 31, Supplement_1 (September 1, 2018): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/dote/doy089.ps02.155.

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Abstract Background Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) is a membrane protein whose main function is to transfer water via cellular membranes. Recent studies have described important roles for AQP1 in epithelial carcinogenesis and tumor behavior. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the role of AQP1 in the regulation of genes involved in tumor progression and the clinicopathological significance of its expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods Immunohistochemistry for the AQP1 protein was performed to investigate the expression of AQP1 in primary tumor tissues of 50 human ESCC samples underwent curative esophagectomy. Samples were categorized into two groups according to the expression of AQP1 in each of cytoplasm and nuclear membrane, and relationships with the clinicopathological features and prognosis of ESCC patients were investigated. Next, the location of AQP1 protein in TE5, TE15, and KYSE70 cells was investigated using immunofluorescence analysis. In addition, apoptosis assay was performed in these ESCC cells and the gene expression profiles of AQP1-depleted TE5 cells was analyzed using microarray and bioinformatic studies. Results In an immunohistochemical analysis, AQP1 was primarily located in the cytoplasm and/or the nuclear membrane of carcinoma cells. The 5-year survival rate of patients with the ‘cytoplasm dominant’ expression of AQP1 (46.8%) was significantly lower than other patients (77.6%). A multivariate analysis of the 5-year overall survival rate showed that the pT categories and cytoplasm dominance groups of AQP1 were independent prognostic factors (P = 0.042 and 0.036, respectively). Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that AQP1 protein mainly existed in the cytoplasm in TE5 and TE15 cells. On the other hand, the expression of AQP1 in KYSE170 cells was confirmed on the nuclear membrane. The depletion of AQP1 using siRNA induced apoptosis in TE5 and TE15 cells. The results of microarray analysis revealed that Death receptor signaling pathway-related genes were changed in AQP1-depleted TE5 cells. Conclusion The results of the present study suggested that the cytoplasm dominant expression of AQP1 is related to a poor prognosis in patients with ESCC, and that it regulates tumor progression by affecting Death receptor signaling pathway. These results provide insights into the role of AQP1 as a biomarker for ESCC. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

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Singgih, Hariyadi, Subiyantoro Subiyantoro, and Siswoko Siswoko. "KAJIAN IMPLEMENTASI PIRANTI THERMOELECTRIC (PELTIER) SEBAGAI SISTEM PENGATUR SUHU THERMOS PENYIMPAN SPERMATOZOA." JURNAL ELTEK 16, no. 1 (August 21, 2018): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/eltek.v16i1.88.

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One alternative application of technology in the field of animal reproduction is by artificial insemination technology (IB). Artificial Insemination Process (IB) is a technique for inserting spermatozoa or semen which has been melted and processed first into the female genital tract. To obtain good quality cement, cow sperm preservation by dilution and followed by cooling to 5 ° C (chilling process). The chilling process with cement storage using 5 ° C will keep the cement life of 7 to 10 days. For this fulfillment, the Thermos box prototype is designed as a spermatozoa storage device to ensure good cement quality. The research method is design of prototype tool using Thermoelectric TEC (peltier) type device TEC1-12706T200. And use the LM35 temperature sensor device to detect the temperature in the box. Thermos. This study examines the efficiency of time required by the system when it reaches 5.0 ° C. and influential parameters in accelerating the temperature performance of 5.0 ° C. The readable temperature of the LM35 sensor will be displayed on a 16x2 LCD monitor. Data processing system using Arduino Microcontroller. Measurement result and performance assessment of Thermoelectric TEC (peltier) device type TEC1-12706T200 when it reaches maximum working temperature 5,5 º C within 8 hours. has an error of 2.5%. which depends on the size of the power supply (Current) electricity.

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Kumar, Kameshwar, Pankaj Sharma, S. C. Katyal, and Nagesh Thakur. "Optical parameters of ternary Te15(Se100−xBix)85thin films deposited by thermal evaporation." Physica Scripta 84, no. 4 (September 20, 2011): 045703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/84/04/045703.

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Ruan, Jian, Xiao-Jin He, Wei-Dong Du, Gang Chen, Yuan Zhou, Song Xu, Xian-Bo Zuo, Li-Bin Fang, Yun-Xia Cao, and Xue-Jun Zhang. "Genetic Variants in TEX15 Gene Conferred Susceptibility to Spermatogenic Failure in the Chinese Han Population." Reproductive Sciences 19, no. 11 (May 11, 2012): 1190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1933719112446076.

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Strickland, Faith M., Joseph T. Gleason, and Jan Cerny. "Serologic and molecular characterization of the T15 idiotype—I. Topologic mapping of idiotopes on tepc15." Molecular Immunology 24, no. 6 (June 1987): 631–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0161-5890(87)90044-7.

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Scotti, Claudia, and Ermanno Gherardi. "Structural Basis of Affinity Maturation of the TEPC15/Vκ45.1 Anti-2-phenyl-5-oxazolone Antibodies." Journal of Molecular Biology 359, no. 5 (June 2006): 1161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2006.04.036.

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Brückner, Stefan, Sandra Kern, Raphael Birke, Irene Saugar, Helle D. Ulrich, and Hans-Ulrich Mösch. "The TEA Transcription Factor Tec1 Links TOR and MAPK Pathways to Coordinate Yeast Development." Genetics 189, no. 2 (August 11, 2011): 479–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.111.133629.

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Br�ckner, Stefan, Tim K�hler, Gerhard H. Braus, Barbara Heise, Melanie Bolte, and Hans-Ulrich M�sch. "Differential regulation of Tec1 by Fus3 and Kss1 confers signaling specificity in yeast development." Current Genetics 46, no. 6 (November 19, 2004): 331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00294-004-0545-1.

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Journal articles on the topic 'TEC15'

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