Academic literature on the topic 'Team Work Context Scale'
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Journal articles on the topic "Team Work Context Scale"
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Driskell, James E., Eduardo Salas, and Sandra Hughes. "Collective Orientation and Team Performance: Development of an Individual Differences Measure." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 52, no. 2 (April 2010): 316–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720809359522.
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Objective: We examine the construct of collective orientation, develop a measure to assess individual differences in collective orientation, and examine the extent to which the collective orientation of team members predicts performance on a variety of team tasks. Background: Scholars increasingly emphasize the importance of teamwork in collaborative work environments, and evidence indicates that a lack of teamwork is a prominent factor in many real-world accidents. Although it is clear that some persons are more team oriented than others are, there are few instruments available to assess individual differences in collective orientation in a team context. Method: We develop a scale to measure collective orientation in teams, gather evidence on reliability and construct validity, and examine the extent to which collective orientation predicts team performance. Results: Results indicate that the Collective Orientation Scale is reliable, correlates with cognate measures, and predicts performance on a variety of team tasks. Conclusion: We discuss the role of collective orientation in teams and the application of this scale to assess and diagnose teamwork deficiencies in work groups. Application: This research should contribute to a further understanding of factors that influence collaboration and coordination in teams.
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Endriulaitienė, Auksė, and Lina Cirtautienė. "TEAM EFFECTIVENESS IN SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT: THE ROLE OF PERSONALITY AND WORK FACTORS." Business: Theory and Practice 22, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/btp.2021.12824.
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Globalization and dynamic economic conditions have exponentially increased the use of virtual work in organizations. Effectiveness in software development teams, therefore, is now a relevant issue in business, psychology or other fields. Despite the uniqueness of software development teams and their work conditions, their effectiveness has not been sufficiently researched to clearly determine how it relates to personality traits, work challenges and the virtualization level. To expand the understanding of the mechanisms that influence team effectiveness in software development, an ecological framework is selected. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between personality traits, work factors and team effectiveness within the context of software development teams. Methodology: The exploratory study was conducted in international software development companies operating in Lithuania. Forty-five software development teams (N = 142) filled in the Team task performance scale, Hexaco-PI-R questionnaire and rated perceived work challenges and team virtualization level. The statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS. This survey is an initial stage of a larger project. Findings: Personality traits Conscientiousness and Extraversion relate to team effectiveness. In software development teams the most prevalent work challenges were time zone differences, lack of information when working on a project, and lack of a clear purpose. Lack of information and poor foreign language skills negatively affect team effectiveness. A higher virtualization level is associated with more frequent work challenges (culture and foreign language challenges, time zone differences) and team performance.
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Sousa, Eliana, Chiou-Fen Lin, Filomena Gaspar, and Pedro Lucas. "Translation and Validation of the Indicators of Quality Nursing Work Environments in the Portuguese Cultural Context." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (September 28, 2022): 12313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912313.
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The Indicators of Quality Nursing Work Environment scale (IQN-WE) with 65 items, developed by Chiou-Fen Lin, Meei-Shiow Lu, and Hsiu-Ying Huang in 2016, aimed to create a set of quality indicators of the nursing work environment. The translation and validation for the Portuguese cultural context of the IQN-WE scale was performed in this study. Objectives: culturally and linguistically adapt the IQN-WE scale, originating from the Portuguese version, and evaluate its psychometric characteristics. Methods: it is a descriptive, cross-sectional, observational and quantitative study. The IQN-WE scale was validated in a sample of 542 nurses belonging to a hospital center in Portugal. The study obtained a response of 21.69%, of whom 78.0% were women and 22% men. The mean age of the sample was 39 years and a standard deviation of 8.1 years. All nurses who work have a bachelor’s degree, and 13.5% have a master’s degree. Results: the study obtained an instrument with a total explained variance of 52.67% and KMO = 0.843. It found a strong-to-moderate linear correlation matrix between the dimensions. The pre-test and the team of experts ensured the content validity. The determination of internal consistency guaranteed reliability, with 0.95. Confirmatory factor analysis validated the construct. The factorial model presented a goodness of fit index, with five factors. Conclusion: the study achieved an instrument with 50 items in five dimensions: Team Support and Professional Development; Team Organization and Management; Safe Nursing Work Environment; Information Systems and Risk Control; Salary and Welfare. The IQN-WE-PT scale proved to be an appropriate instrument to be applied in health organizations in Portugal.
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Eismann, Hendrik, Thomas Palmaers, Vera Hagemann, and Markus Flentje. "Training of airway management for anesthesia teams – Measurement of transfer into daily work routine by questionnaire." Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development 8 (January 2021): 238212052110633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23821205211063363.
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Theory Problems in airway management are rare in anesthesia but when they occur, they have serious consequences for the patient. For this reason, training is recommended for professionals involved in anesthetic care. Here we investigated, if a newly developed technical/ non-technical hybrid airway training would be relevant for daily practice in a tertiary referral hospital. Hypotheses We hypothesized that: (a) both parts of the validated questionnaires meet the quality criteria for the application in anesthesia teams, (b) even though the team regularly deals with airway management, airway management training is relevant to all professions and (c) contents of the developed training can be integrated into the behaviour of the teams. Method In this observational study, 104 professionals took part in a one-day technical/non-technical hybrid airway training programme. Participants received a questionnaire six months after training, based on selected scales of the validated tools; “Training Evaluation Inventory” and “Transfer Climate Questionnaire”. RESULTS The scales of “perceived usefulness”, “task cues” and “positive reinforcement” showed good internal consistency and all were rated higher than 3.9 on a 5-point Likert scale (1=complete rejection; 5=fullest approval). The scale “negative reinforcement and punishment” showed satisfactory internal consistency for physicians (rated 2.75 ± 0.8). By removing an item in each case, the scales “attitude towards training” (rated 4.93 ± 0.2) and “extinction” (rated 3.02 ± 0.8) showed satisfactory internal consistency for nurses and anesthetic technicians. “Social Cues” did not meet qualitative criteria. There was no difference in the assessment by the professional groups. CONCLUSIONS The presented training course was perceived as useful by both professional groups equally, which supported the interprofessional concept. The content was positively reinforced in practice six months after training and is relevant for professionals who are regularly confronted with the topic “airway management”. Scales which meet qualitative criteria for only one profession and the scale “social cues” should be reconsidered in the context of an interprofessional team.
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Šramková, Marianna, Jana Janičková, and Katarína Zimermanová. "Innovative Approaches to the Formation of a Social Atmosphere in the Context of Work Team Management." Regional Formation and Development Studies 37, no. 2 (July 18, 2022): 206–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v37i2.2435.
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The article deals with innovative approaches to shaping the social atmosphere in work teams in selected children’s and family centres which are also directly influenced by the manager’s personality, leadership styles, and by the application of managerial functions. The aim of the paper is to present survey results about the social atmosphere in work teams in selected children’s and family centres, and to make recommendations for the effective formation of work teams with stakeholders’ benefits. The survey’s institutional objects are children’s and family centres, and the survey’s personnel subjects are employees in individual work teams. The processes of the analysis and evaluation of the selected social facility’s social atmosphere in the work team were chosen as the survey’s subject. The methodology came from a practical survey, by applying the ‘Kollárik social atmosphere scale’, using a guided interview and the analysis of internal documents. It used mainly methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, deduction, application and mathematical recalculation. The sources of information were primary survey results from the selected social facility. The research results were achieved in accordance with the aim of the contribution. The level of social atmosphere and teamwork is excellent.
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Fleury, Marie-Josée, Guy Grenier, Jean-Marie Bamvita, Marie-Pierre Markon, and François Chiocchio. "Variables associated with perceived work role performance among mental healthcare professionals: The importance of team dynamics." European Journal for Person Centered Healthcare 6, no. 3 (September 28, 2018): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/ejpch.v6i3.1519.
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Rationale, aims, and objectives: Team effectiveness is associated not only with team design, but also with team dynamics such as work role performance. This study aimed to: (1) identify variables associated with perceived work role performance in a sample of 315 mental health professionals and (2) assess the contributions of team members and team characteristics; organizational and territorial context; team emergent states and team processes.Method: Mental health professionals from 4 health service networks in Quebec, Canada, completed a self-administered questionnaire consisting of standardized scales. Based on a conceptual framework adapted from the Input-Mediator-Output-Input (IMOI) model, independent variables were organized according to: (1) characteristics of team members and their teams, (2) organizational and territorial context, (3) team emergent states and (4) team processes. Their respective contributions to perceived work role performance were tested using a hierarchical regression analysis.Results: Perceived work role performance was associated with younger age (characteristics of team members and their team), familiarity between co-workers (Team emergent states) and belief in interprofessional collaboration, knowledge-sharing, team interdependence and team support (Team processes). Most variation in work role performance was explained by Team emergent states, followed by Team processes.Conclusion: This study tested a large number of variables associated with perceived work role performance in mental healthcare based on a comprehensive and innovative, theory-driven framework. The inclusion of mental health professionals from several types of teams representing mental health networks in different geographical areas added value to the study. The results confirm the need for managers to optimize team emergent states and team processes in order to improve work role performance. Initiatives such as training in teamwork and clinical guidelines are recommended.
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Albrecht, Simon, Andrew Marty, and Nicholas J. Brandon-Jones. "Measuring Values at Work: Extending Existing Frameworks to the Context of Work." Journal of Career Assessment 28, no. 4 (February 10, 2020): 531–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069072720901604.
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Personal values have been shown to be associated with a range of important psychological experiences, attitudes, and behaviors. Researchers and practitioners have, however, called for additional models and measures of employee values, specific to the context of work. Drawing from Schwartz’s extensively studied model of personal values, this study aimed to develop a scale that researchers and practitioners can use to measure individual work values. Data from 2,968 participants who were currently working or had previous work experience were analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. An 11-factor model, aligning closely with Schwartz’s original personal values framework, yielded good fit. Furthermore, the 11 newly developed work values correlated significantly with Schwartz’s generalized values, and multidimensional scaling broadly supported a configuration consistent with that previously proposed for general values. Overall, the research makes a contribution by extending Schwartz’s extensively validated personal values framework to the context of work. The results support the psychometrics of a new measure of work values that will enable valid and reliable assessment of the important influence that work values can have on individual, team, and organizational outcomes. Practical implications, research limitations, and proposed future research directions are discussed.
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Filipov, Dmytro. "New Team Roles Typology for Organizational Context." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series “Psychology”, no. 1 (13) (2021): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/bsp.2021.1(13).10.
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A new diagnostic tool has been proposed for use in modern corporations to support a wide range of problems related to the interaction of company staff in solving work tasks. This new development combines the strengths of tools already used in this field, namely, DISC and MBTI. The tool contains a description of 4 factors and 16 types based on these factors, as well as a questionnaire on 33 questions, which identifies the respondent's affiliation to the type based on the assessment of the result for each of the 4 scales. For the types, practical principles for the transition from the type to its place in the corporate organizational structure have been proposed, as well as the types are associated with commonly known archetypes for their intuitive understanding. An example of an organizational structure consisting of the proposed types has been provided, but at the same time it reflects the typical organizational structure of an economical corporation. An empirical study of the reliability for new questionnaire in a sample of more than 2,300 respondents from the Internet search engines users has been conducted. Sufficient levels (> 0.7) of Cronbach's alpha and MacDonald's omega are shown in exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis for each of the factors. The factors independence is shown as well. The proposed scales are also compared with the scales of methods for assessing emotional intelligence and creativity. Thus, the proposed typology is designed to solve a wide range of organizational tasks from building a new organization to optimizing the use of staff in existing project teams, and the work of recruitment and staff development departments.
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Day, Frederick Carl, and Mark Edward Burbach. "An Exploration of the Moderating Effect of Work Motivation on the Relationship between Utilization of Virtual Team Effectiveness Attributes and Work Satisfaction: A Mixed Methods Study." Creighton Journal of Interdisciplinary Leadership 1, no. 2 (November 16, 2015): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17062/cjil.v1i2.25.
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<p>A unique challenge for organizations is in leading diverse, dispersed teams whose members are motivated to work independently, but are willing to collaborate. The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of how nuanced variations in motivational patterns influences the relationship between work satisfaction and virtual team effectiveness. A sequential, mixed methods design was used to analyze and explain the moderating effects of motivational orientation on this relationship. In the first, quantitative phase, participating virtual team members completed an online survey with items comprising the five motivation source scales from the Motivation Sources Inventory, work satisfaction, and eleven variables measuring utilization of virtual team effectiveness attributes from the Virtual Teams Survey. Seven hypotheses were tested, with support found for three of the hypotheses. Work satisfaction and utilization of the virtual team effectiveness attributes were found to be positively correlated. Support was also found for hypotheses that the relationship between work satisfaction and utilization of the virtual team effectiveness attributes will be stronger for virtual team members (VTMs) with low self-concept external and / or moderate or high goal internalization patterns. In the second, qualitative phase, follow-up interviews were conducted to support and provide rationale for the quantitative results. Qualitative analysis of interviews revealed three major themes focused on concerns regarding team leadership, organizational support, and technology. Viewed in context with the quantitative results, the themes suggest that work satisfaction may be improved for most VTMs, regardless of motivation pattern, by str igning rewards with goals, and enhancing the technology used for team communication.</p><div> </div>
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Paz, Luísa Magalhães Coelho Ávila, and Catarina Cecília Odelius. "Managerial competencies scale in a public management context: development and validation evidences." Organizações & Sociedade 28, no. 97 (June 2021): 370–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1984-92302021v28n9706en.
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Abstract The purpose of the study was to develop and present validation evidences for a managerial competence mastery scale in the context of public management. The development of the initial instrument for data collection was based on literature analysis, and on theoretical and semantic validation made by judges, in addition to a pre-test. The questionnaire was electronically answered by 447 professionals—managers and non-managers—that belong to different public companies that works at the state level, engaged in technical assistance and rural extension. The results of exploratory factorial analysis presented signs of validity and reliability, indicating thirty competency items that were grouped into three factors: contribution for strategy, public service rendering and team management. As conclusion, the evidence indicates the validity of the scale to measure the managerial competence mastery, contributing to the evolution of managerial studies and increasing the reliability thereof. Additionally, the identified competencies reinforce the role of the managers in the alignment and management of organizational strategy, they indicate the existence of common characteristics of managers that work in different organizations and also demonstrate the adequacy of this instrument to the public sector reality. Finally, the use of the scale is suggested in other research contexts in order to confirm its structure and generalization potential.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Team Work Context Scale"
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Rosborough, Julie. "Team leadership and supervision : leadership roles in the context of changing work organisations." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266931.
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Doan, Minh-Phuoc. "Work team building and planning problem : Models and experiments in the service-to-business context." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI060.
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Les sociétés de services aux entreprises constituent des équipes de travail avec leurs agents et organisent leur planning pour satisfaire les demandes clients. De multiples contraintes doivent être respectées, et plusieurs critères de performance économique et sociale doivent être atteints. Une méthode d'aide à la décision multicritère devient ainsi indispensable, particulièrement dans un contexte de demande variable. Une caractérisation du problème générique sous forme de diagramme de classes, contenant toutes les caractéristiques des clients, demandes, agents, itinéraires, et véhicules, nous permet d’identifier des variantes du problème dans le contexte de service aux entreprises comme dans celui de service à la personne. Nous avons investigué deux variantes s'inspirant d’un problème réel d’une entreprise brésilienne de service aux entreprises, dans des contextes de demandes stable et variable. Par une revue de la littérature, nous identifions des leviers organisationnels potentiels pour accroître la flexibilité des agents, et des approches de modélisation et de résolution appropriées. Nous utilisons la programmation linéaire à variables mixtes. Dans le contexte de demande stable, nous cherchons le compromis entre coûts et temps de trajet domicile-travail des agents dans une approche à deux niveaux : une planification hebdomadaire cyclique pour les nouveaux clients assurant la stabilité d'affectation sur un long terme et, à une fréquence donnée, une re-planification pour tous les clients actifs permettant une optimisation globale. Lorsque les demandes sont variables, nous optimisons les coûts de déplacement, l’équité de la charge de travail entre agents, et leur préférence pour les périodes de travail. La planification étant créée pour un horizon court sans répétitivité, l’ajout de zones tampons entre des horizons consécutifs permet de relâcher leur dépendance ; dans cette variante, des leviers organisationnels, tels que des contrats de travail flexibles et la polyvalence des agents, sont également considérésSubcontracting companies organize their agents into work teams and create their work plans to fulfill clients’ demands. Multiple constraints have to be met, and several economic and social performance criteria have to be attained. Making a decision, satisfying all these conditions, becomes increasingly difficult, especially in a context of variable demand. A generic problem characterization in the form of a class diagram, containing all the characteristics of the clients, the demands, the agents, the travel routes, and the vehicles, allows us to identify a large number of variants of the problem in the service-to-business as well as service-to-individual contexts. Each variant corresponds to a combination of decision-making problems, demand variability, agents’ flexibility, and economic and social performance indicators. We study more deeply two variants, inspired by a real problem found in a Brazilian company in the service-to-business sector, with stable and variable demands. Through a literature review, we identify several potential organizational levers to increase the flexibility of agents, and appropriate modeling and resolution approaches. We use the multi-objective mixed integer linear programming method for the two variants. In the context of stable demand, we consider a compromise between the company’s travel costs and agents’ work trip duration in a two-level approach: cyclic weekly planning for new customers ensuring assignment stability for a long term and, at a given frequency, re-planning for all active clients, allowing global optimization. When the demand is variable, we consider the reconciliation between the travel costs, the workload balance between agents, and their preference satisfaction for work periods. As planning is made for each short horizon and without repetitiveness, the dependence of agents’ activities between consecutive horizons can be relaxed by adding buffer zones between them; in this variant, organizational levers, such as flexible work contracts and multi-skilled agents, are considered
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Chu, Chris Wai L. "Development and validation of a multidimensional scale of work-family enrichment in a Chinese context." Thesis, Aston University, 2010. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/18568/.
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Koekemoer, Frieda Eileen. "Work-nonwork interference in the South African context / Frieda Eileen Koekemoer." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4283.
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One key focus in the 21st century is adjusting work and personal life in order for individuals
to find a rhythm to help them combine work with other responsibilities and aspirations in
their personal lives. Over the past few decades it has become evident that work and personal
life are interrelated domains and that employed individuals experience interaction between
these domains. Although the amount and extent of work-family research studies in South
Africa have progressed considerably over the past decade, it is not clear how the experiences
of the interference between work and nonwork roles compare to the experiences of
employees in other countries. There is also no South Africa instrument that measures the
interference between work and different nonwork roles in both directions (work-to-nonwork
and nonwork-to-work). This could pose potential problems for organisations and future workfamily
studies in South Africa.
The objectives of this research were 1) to gain insight into the interaction between work and
personal life in the South African context and how South African employees experience this
interaction; 2) to develop a new work-nonwork interference instrument that is suitable for the
South African context and that addresses measurement and theoretical issues relating to
previous work-family instruments; and 3) to test the psychometric properties of the newly
developed work-nonwork interference instrument.
The empirical study consisted of three phases. During the first phase, exploratory interviews
(i.e. 92 interviews) were conducted in order to gather information regarding the interaction
that individuals experience between their work and their personal lives. Thereafter, a new
instrument that measures work-nonwork interference was developed and tested with a pilot
study (n = 245) in order to overcome some of the measurement limitations relating to
previous work-family instruments. During the final phase, the psychometric properties of the newly developed work-nonwork interference instrument were tested (Le. construct validity,
discriminant validity, convergent validity and external validity; n = 366).
Results from the exploratory phase indicated that South African employees experience
various forms of interaction between their work and other dimensions in their personal life
(e.g. domestic, leisure, exercise, studies, community, extended family and
religion/spirituality). In addition, South African employees experience various stressors in
their work environment that contribute to this interaction (i.e. general stressors such as
pressure, overload, workload, stressful working arrangements, and strenuous relationships at
work, and more occupation-specific stressors such as stressful nature of the job and not being
valued in an unsupportive work environment). Additional supportive aspects present in their
work environment included supportive work arrangements, supportive relationships at work
and occupation satisfaction. Results also indicated consequences specifically related to all the
forms of interaction (e.g. time-based consequences, build-up and spillover of emotions, and
energy depletion) and consequences that are more related to a specific form of interaction
(e.g. mental preoccupation, strain on relationships, managing responsibilities, limiting of
work opportunities, energy generation, learned skills). From the exploratory study, very
similar findings were obtained and some unique contributions were made to existing workfamily
literature. The antecedents mentioned are in line with international literature (physical
workload, time pressures, physical stressors, shift work and recipient contact) and the
consequences are very similar to categorised consequences reported in international research
(i.e. physical, psychological, behavioural, attitudinal, organisational consequences or work,
nonwork and health-related consequences).
During the second phase a new work-nonwork interference (W-NWI) instrument was
developed which differentiates among interference between work and various specific roles
in an individuals' personal life (i.e. work-parent interference, parent-work interference, workspouse
interference, spouse-work interference, work-religion/spirituality interference,
religion/spirituality-work interference, work-domestic interference, domestic-work
interference). During the evaluation study various problematic items were eliminated using
the Rasch measurement model. The fmal phase included the validation study where the
psychometric properties of the new instrument were investigated. The results provided
evidence for constrUct, discriminant and convergent validity, reliability and significant
relations with external variables. Tills study provides evidence for the psychometric properties of the new instrument, which
researchers and managers can use to investigate the specmc interference between work and
different nonwork roles in employees' private lives.
Recommendations for future research were made.Thesis (Ph.D. (Industrial Psychology)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.
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Sakalli, Beste. "An investigation on the role of team work to improve current entrepreneurship module used in vocational and technical high schools based on a constructivist approach within the North Cyprus context." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2012. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/11503/.
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The objective of this study is to conduct an investigation in order to develop a new entrepreneurship module for vocational and technical high schools in North Cyprus. Based on a review of the relevant literature on entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship education, curriculum development and the experiences and the views of the target audiences, this action research study examines how to improve the current entrepreneurship module in order to develop a good framework for vocational and technical high schools in North Cyprus. The research paradigm of my research is interpretive. Action research has been used as a research approach because of its distinctive characteristics of combining theory and practice, giving the opportunity to work collaboratively with the partners of the project and improving education by positively changing it. Data has been collected through semi-structured interviews, questionnaires and documents. I have also used a diary and recorded my experiences and the actions throughout the process which enabled me to be more reflective. The data analysis includes both qualitative and quantitative methods; content analysis was used for the semistructured interviews and a statistical program was used to assess the data collected from the questionnaires. In addition I have carefully analysed documents. In my research process, semi-structured interviews demonstrated that there is a lack in the current module of issues of relating to ‘North Cyprus and Entrepreneurship’, feasibility studies, information about an entrepreneur, presentation of the role and the importance of entrepreneurship, CV writing techniques, professional development and know yourself. Inviting entrepreneurs to the classroom and organizing visits to work places has also been suggested. EU practices are also presented to be used as activities. The results of the questionnaires showed that the module should incorporate more information about the three skills of an entrepreneur; the ability to telescope, future orientation, opportunity and goal oriented. With these results, the relevant documents have been reviewed in order to provide the necessary information and knowledge. In the end, the results have been combined, so that by adding sections about those issues identified and leaving out ones which do not correspond to the analysis of data, I have redesigned the current entrepreneurship module. I have used a module-writing guide in order to use the right structure while re-designing the module, as suggested by an expert from the Ministry of Education, Sports and Youth. A curriculum development expert suggested that a philosophical base should be considered while re-designing the module. The new module has been used at vocational and technical high schools for one semester by the teachers who took part in the project and those who have chosen the subject of entrepreneurship for that semester. Therefore, in total, eleven teachers were interviewed at the end of the semester, and I have made the last changes to the module based on the analysis of these interviews. Recommendations are also presented in the project which focus on areas for further study and the actions that could be taken to increase the awareness of entrepreneurship and maintain the sustainability of improvement in entrepreneurship education in vocational and technical high schools in North Cyprus. The research concludes with a reflection addressing the objectives of the study, a contribution of the project to the knowledge base and suggestions for future research in this area. The project consists of two documents as evidence of its achievement: the new (revised) module.
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Anderzon, Samuel, and Filip Davidsson. "Agile Practices in Production Development : Investigation of how agile practices may be applied in a production development context and what the expected effects are." Thesis, Jönköping University, JTH, Produktionsutveckling, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53736.
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Globalization has continuously brought an increased competition among companies, which entails a need for faster and more frequent deliveries of new products. Traditional project management methods, such as stage-gate and waterfall, are commonly used in production development projects and builds on a sequential approach. These methods have proven to have some disadvantages in flexibility, long lead times and it often creates communication barriers between the actors at each stage. The software industry has already encountered these obstacles and responded by introducing agile project management. Which improves the adaptability and allow changes to be made, due to new requirements from stakeholders or customers, throughout the entire development process. However, it remains unknown how agile models can improve production development. The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate how agile models can be applied to production development and what the effects are. The authors have performed a case study at eight different companies within the automotive industry. The purpose of it has been to gain a deeper understanding about the case companies current production development processes and review how familiar the organizations are with the concept of agile project management. The extraction of the empirical data was conducted by questionnaires, interviews, and document reviews. An analyzation was done by comparing the empirical findings with the theoretical background out of eleven different categories that relates to project management (e.g., project goals, process, customer integration etc.). The analyzation concluded that the case company exclusively conducts their production development project by using a sequential approach. The analyzation and the eleven categories where, together with the theoretical background about agile project management, later used to create the result by brainstorming different practices to become more agile. The results are presented out of three different scenarios, depending how agile the companies would like to be. For instance, are two process models suggested, one that is completely agile and one that is a hybrid of an agile and a stage-gate. Furthermore, are the implementation of self-organized teams, holistic approach towards internal and external partners, and reduced demand for documentation some of the practices that are suggested. Additionally, are three considerable aspects for the implementation presented. The expected outcome and effects of applying these practices are discussed in the final chapter. Some of these outcomes are a company culture that will attract and retain talented personnel, where shared responsibilities and authorities triggers the employees to an increased commitment and sense of ownership towards their projects. Furthermore, are the companies expected to experience a more flexible and responsive approach towards conducting production development projects with a high focus on customer requirements and creating customer value.
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Silva, Ana Patrícia Batista. "Riscos e danos relacionados ao contexto do trabalho da equipe de enfermagem de unidades neonatais." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8897.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
To analyze the work context and occupational damage, from the perspective of nursing staff professionals, in an Intensive Care Unit and Neonatal Intermediate Unit. METHODS: Cross-sectional, observational study with quantitative-qualitative approach performed at a large public health institution in the state of Goiás. The sample consisted of 44 workers from the neonatal units nursing team. Data collection was performed in the months of July and September of 2017 through observation and interview. For the data analysis, descriptive and analytical statistics were used using Student's t test and ANOVA for associations and Pearson's test for correlations, with a significance level of 5% (p ≤ 0,05). RESULTS: As for the professional profile, eight (18,2%) were nurses, 27 (61,4%) technicians and nine (20,4%) nursing assistants, female (100%), and mean age of 41,7 (± 9,7) years. The work context, from the perspective of the workers, was considered critical. For the organization of work, the items "excessive work rate" and "strong collection by results" presented higher averages (4,2±1,0), classified as severe. Concerning the working conditions, the highest averages corresponded to the "uncomfortable physical environment" (4,0±1,3), "a lot of noise in the environment" (4,1±1,1) and "inadequate physical space" (3,4±1,4). In the socio-professional relations, the highest averages involved "non-existent autonomy" (3,5±1,3) and "disputes among professionals" (3,5±1,1). A significant statistical difference was found between the two units for work organization factors (p=0,048), working conditions (p=0,046) and socio-professional relationships (p=0,0001). Regarding the occupational damage, the critical evaluation prevailed, with the psychological one having the highest mean (3,9±2,0) in the Intensive Care Unit. Already In the Neonatal Intermediate Unit, greater mean was identified for physical damage (2,6±1,4). There was a significant statistical difference between the Intensive and Intermediate Unit Care for the psychological (p=0,0002) and social (p=0,0009) damages. There was an association between the "work organization" domain and wage income variables (p=0,044) and hourly unit load (p=0,009); for "working conditions", the variables employment bond (p=0,016) and wage income (p=0,0001) were statistically significant. As well as for "physical damages" and the variables performed domestic activity (p=0,009), time acting on the unit (p=0,04) and wage income (p=0,02); for "psychological damages" and "social damages", there was an association with the variables working hours (p=0,02) and work shift (p=0,04/0,005). It was found a moderate and significant correlation between: physical damage and work organization (r=0,5721, p=0,0001), psychological damage and working conditions (r=0,5614, p=0,0001), psychological damage and socio-professional relations (r=0,6687, p=0,0001) and high and significant correlation between social and psychological damage (r=0,9072, p=0,0001). CONCLUSION: The work context of the neonatal units presents unfavorable elements and in inadequacy with the health and safety regulations of the worker, predisposing them to physical, psychic and social damage.
OBJETIVO: Analisar o contexto de trabalho e os danos ocupacionais, na perspectiva dos profissionais da equipe de enfermagem, em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva e Intermediaria Neonatal. METODOLOGIA: Estudo observacional, de corte transversal, com abordagem quantiqualitativa, realizado em uma instituição pública de saúde de grande porte do estado de Goiás. A amostra foi constituída por 44 trabalhadores da equipe de enfermagem de unidades neonatais. A coleta de dados foi realizada nos meses de julho e setembro de 2017 por meio de observação e entrevista. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se estatística descritiva e analítica por meio dos testes t “student” e ANOVA para associações e o teste de Pearson para as correlações, com nível de significância de 5% (p ≤ 0,05). RESULTADOS: Quanto ao perfil profissional, oito (18,2%) eram enfermeiros, 27 (61,4%) técnicos e nove (20,4%) auxiliares de enfermagem, do sexo feminino (100%), e com média de idade de 41,7 (±9,7) anos. O contexto de trabalho, na perspectiva dos trabalhadores, foi considerado crítico. Para o fator organização do trabalho, os itens “ritmo de trabalho excessivo” e “forte cobrança por resultados” apresentaram maiores médias (4,2±1,0), classificados como grave. Referente às condições de trabalho, as maiores médias corresponderam aos itens “ambiente físico desconfortável” (4,0±1,3), “muito barulho no ambiente” (4,1±1,1) e “espaço físico inadequado” (3,4±1,4). Nas relações sócio profissionais, as maiores médias envolveram “autonomia inexistente” (3,5±1,3) e as “disputas entre os profissionais” (3,5±1,1). Identificou-se diferença estatística significante entre as duas unidades para os fatores organização do trabalho (p=0,048), condições de trabalho (p=0,046) e relações sócio profissionais (p=0,0001). Em relação ao dano ocupacional prevaleceu a avaliação crítica, sendo o psicológico o com maior média (3,9±2,0) na UTIN. Já na UCIN, identificou-se maior média para o dano físico (2,6±1,4). Verificou-se diferença estatística significativa entre a UTIN e UCIN para os danos psicológico (p=0,0002) e social (p=0,0009). Houve associação entre o domínio “organização do trabalho” e as variáveis renda salarial (p=0,044) e carga horaria na unidade (p=0,009); para “condições de trabalho”, as variáveis vínculo empregatício (p=0,016) e renda salarial (p=0,0001) foram estatisticamente significativas. Como também para “danos físicos” e as variáveis realiza atividade doméstica (p=0,009), tempo que atua na unidade (p=0,04) e renda salarial (p=0,02); para os “danos psicológicos” e “danos sociais” houve associação com as variáveis carga horaria de trabalho (p=0,02) e turno de trabalho (p=0,04/0,005). Constatou-se correlação moderada e significativa entre: dano físico e organização de trabalho (r=0,5721; p=0,0001), dano psicológico e condições de trabalho (r=0,5614; p=0,0001), dano psicológico e relações sócio profissionais (r=0,6687; p=0,0001) e correlação alta e significativa entre dano social e psicológico (r=0,9072; p=0,0001). CONCLUSÃO: O contexto laboral das unidades neonatais apresenta elementos desfavoráveis e em inadequabilidade com as normativas da saúde e segurança do trabalhador, predispondo-os ao dano físico, psíquico e social.
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Tremblay, Isabelle. "Quelle est l’influence de l’identification à l’équipe dans les équipes interdisciplinaires? : étude des types d’identification, des processus d’équipe et de la performance." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19055.
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La diversité dans les équipes pose plusieurs enjeux, notamment en ce qui concerne la performance d’équipe. Les études jusqu’à présent ont rapporté un lien parfois positif, parfois négatif ou inexistant entre la présence de diversité et la performance de l’équipe. Puisque les équipes interdisciplinaires sont de plus en plus sollicitées par les organisations pour faciliter la résolution de problèmes de plus en plus complexes, il semble important de bien comprendre comment la diversité affecte la performance d’équipe. L’une des avenues encore peu explorée s’attarde à la perception de la diversité plutôt qu’à la diversité objective, par l’entremise de l’étude de l’identification à l’équipe. En effet, une identification à l’équipe forte permettrait d’atténuer la perception de diversité et aurait un impact positif sur la performance. Cependant, très peu d’études se sont intéressées à ce phénomène et aucune, à notre connaissance, n’a évalué l’impact de l’identification à l’équipe sur les processus d’équipe ou n’a évalué l’impact de différents types d’identification simultanément sur la performance d’équipe. Faute d’écrits sur la question, la compréhension du phénomène d’identification dans les équipes s’avère partielle. Par ailleurs, la définition et la mesure de l’identification à l’équipe sont affligées de plusieurs problèmes psychométriques, ce qui engendre beaucoup de confusion dans les écrits scientifiques portant sur l’identification à l’équipe.
Devant ce constat, la présente thèse vise à approfondir la compréhension du phénomène d’identification à l’équipe sur la performance d’équipes interdisciplinaires et d’en clarifier la conceptualisation et la mesure. Dans cette optique, trois études, regroupées en deux articles, ont été menées auprès de deux échantillons indépendants.
Ancré dans les écrits scientifiques portant sur l’identification à l’organisation (p.ex. Ashforth, & Mael, 1989; Christ, van Dick, Wagner & Stellmatcher, 2003; Edward, 2005; Tajfel, 1978), le premier article a pour visées de proposer une conceptualisation claire et intégrée de l’identification dans un contexte organisationnel, puis de développer et valider une mesure de l’identification à l’équipe. Deux études ont été réalisées pour évaluer les propriétés psychométriques de cette mesure. Des analyses factorielles exploratoires et confirmatoires, de même que des analyses de fidélité et de validité confirment les propriétés psychométriques préliminaires de l’échelle. Les implications pour la pratique et la recherche sont abordées en détail.
La diversité est considérée comme l’un des obstacles à la performance d’équipe au sein d’équipes interdisciplinaires. C’est pourquoi le second article évalue ce phénomène en considérant l’impact de différents types d’identification (c.-à-d. l’identification à l’équipe et l’identification à la profession) sur la performance d’équipe. À la lumière du modèle d’Ilgen et collaborateurs (2005), les types d’identification et leur influence respective sur la performance d’équipe par l’entremise de processus d’équipe (c.-à-d. les conflits et la collaboration) ont été évalués. Cette étude est la première à considérer les interactions entre les types d’identification sur la performance d’équipe au sein d’équipes interdisciplinaires. Deux cent soixante-huit employés canadiens du système de la santé ont répondu à différents questionnaires autorapportés. Des analyses de processus conditionnels de médiations modérées (Hayes, 2013) démontrent que l’identification à l’équipe influence la performance d’équipe par l’entremise du processus de collaboration, alors que l’identification à la profession et les conflits n’auraient pas d’impact. Cette étude met en lumière l’impact de deux types d’identification en évaluant leurs impacts simultanément, en plus de suivre les recommandations de Mathieu et collaborateurs (2008) et d’évaluer simultanément l’impact de plus d’un type de processus d’équipe (c.-à-d. processus de transition, d’action et interpersonnel). Les implications pratiques qui découlent de cette étude incluent la formation d’équipe, (Salas et al., 2008), les activités de consolidation d’équipe (Klein et al. 2009) pour améliorer la collaboration, en plus de la rehausser l’attractivité de l’appartenance à l’équipe (Dutton et al., 1994) et de favoriser un style de leadership transformationnel (Hirst, et al., 2009) pour engendrer une plus grande identification à l’équipe. Une discussion générale précise la portée des résultats présentés dans le cadre des deux articles.Diversity poses many challenges within teams, especially in regard to team performance. So far, some studies have shown a positive, negative and ever non-significant link between diversity and team performance. Since organizations are relying more often on interdisciplinary teams to help them solve the increasingly complex problems they face, it appears important to understand how diversity affects team performance. One fresh way to look at the problem is by looking at perceived diversity instead of objective diversity through the lenses of team identification. Indeed, strong team identification would attenuate perceived of diversity and would positively impact team performance. However, very few studies have investigated this phenomenon and, to our knowledge, none have looked at the impact of team identification influence on team processes nor looked at the impact of different types of identification on team performance. Due to a gap in the literature, the influence of identification within teams is not well understood. Moreover, the definition and measure of team identification has, so far, been plagued with numerous psychometric problems. This generates even more confusion surrounding the literature on team identification. Therefore, this thesis aims to investigate the impact of team identification on team performance within interdisciplinary teams and to clarify its definition and measurement. In order to do so, three studies were conducted using two independent samples and are presented in two articles. Taking root in organizational identification literature (e.g. Ashforth, & Mael, 1989; Christ, van Dick, Wagner & Stellmatcher, 2003; Edward, 2005; Tajfel, 1978), the first article proposes a clearer and integrated definition of identification in an organisational context. Following the clear conceptualization of team identification, a new scale was developed and validated. Two studies were conducted to assess its psychometric proprieties. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis, plus reliability and validity analysis provide support for the scale’s reliability and validity. Practice and research implication are discussed in greater depth. Diversity is often considered an obstacle to team performance in interdisciplinary teams. Therefore, the second article addresses this issue by looking at the impact of types of identification (e.g. team and profession identification) on team performance. Drawing on Ilgen and collaborators’ (2005) model, the influence of these types of identification on team performance through their influence on team processes (e.g. conflict and collaboration) was evaluated. This study is the first to consider the interaction of different types of identification on team performance within interdisciplinary teams. Two hundred and sixty-eight Canadian healthcare employees answered five self-assessed questionnaires. Conditional process analyses (Hayes, 2013) show that team identification impacts team performance through its influence on collaboration, while neither identification to one’s profession nor conflicts impacts this relation. This study highlights the impact of different types of identification by considering their simultaneous effect. Moreover, in line with Mathieu et al.’s (2008) suggestion, different types of team processes were simultaneously evaluated (e.g. transition, action and interpersonal process). Practical implications that arise from this research includes team training (Salas et al., 2008), or team building activities (Klein et al. 2009) to improve collaboration, and heightened attractiveness of team membership (Dutton et al., 1994) or favoring transformational leadership (Hirst, et al., 2009) to foster greater team identification. A general discussion addresses the implications of the results presented in these two articles.
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Silva, Joana Filipa Alexandrino da. "Team Autonomy and Team Effectiveness in an organizational context: the mediating role of Supportive Behaviors." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/81471.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia do Trabalho, das Organizações e dos Recursos Humanos apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da EducaçãoFramework: Mais do que nunca, grande parte do trabalho nas organizações é realizado em equipas. Algumas equipas são muito bem sucedidas, enquanto outras são confrontadas com constante fracasso. Existem muitos fatores que podem contribuir para o sucesso de uma equipa. Estudar quais as variáveis que se relacionam com a eficácia das equipas é relevante e fornece um corpo de conhecimento científico importante que contribui para uma melhor compreensão dos grupos em organizações com implicações no nível da pesquisa e da intervenção.Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar o papel mediador dos comportamentos de suporte dos membros da equipa na relação entre a autonomia das equipas e a eficácia das equipas, com base no modelo de eficácia Input-Mediator-Outcome-Input [IMOI]. Seguindo uma abordagem multidimensional da eficácia, os seguintes critérios serão utilizados: desempenho da equipa, viabilidade da equipa, qualidade da experiência do grupo e melhoria de processos da equipa.Metodologia: Esta pesquisa é não-experimental, transversal e adota uma análise ao nível grupal. A amostra é composta por 535 participantes de 90 equipas, incluindo 90 líderes de equipas e 445 membros de equipas de 40 organizações portuguesas de diferentes setores. Para a análise dos dados utilizou-se a análise de regressão, nomeadamente, o produto do método de coeficientes, proposto por MacKinnon, Lockwood, Hoffman, West e Sheets (2002).Resultados: Encontrou-se uma relação positiva e significativa entre autonomia das equipas e comportamentos de suporte que, por sua vez, está positivamente relacionada com os quatro critérios da eficácia da equipas. O modelo de mediação proposto, mostra o efeito indireto da autonomia das equipas na eficácia da mesma, através do papel desempenhado pelos comportamentos de suporte.Conclusão: Destacando a relação entre a autonomia e a eficácia por meio do papel mediador dos comportamentos de suporte, esta pesquisa contribui para enriquecer nosso conhecimento sobre os antecedentes da eficácia das equipas. Assim, esta pesquisa também contribui para a importância de incentivar as organizações a incorporar a autonomia no desenho das equipas como uma estratégia para melhorar os comportamentos de suporte e a eficácia das equipas.
Framework: More than ever, much of the work in organizations is accomplished in teams. Some teams are very successful, while others are confronted with a series of failures. There are many factors that can contribute to the success of a team. Studying which variables relate to team effectiveness is relevant and provides a framework of important scientific knowledge that contributes to a better understanding of groups in organizations with implications at the research and intervention level. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the mediator role of team members’ supportive behaviors in the relationship between team autonomy and team effectiveness, based on the Input-Mediator-Outcome-Input [IMOI] effectiveness model. Following a multidimensional approach of team effectiveness, the following criteria will be used: team performance, team viability, quality of group experience and team process improvement. Methodology: This research is non-experimental, cross-sectional and adopts a group level analysis. The sample is composed by 535 participants from 90 teams, including 90 team leaders and 445 team members of 40 Portuguese organizations from different sectors. To analyze the data regression analysis was used, namely the product of coefficients method, proposed by MacKinnon, Lockwood, Hoffman, West and Sheets (2002).Results: A positive and significant relationship between team autonomy and supportive behaviors which, in turn, is positively related to the four criteria of team effectiveness was found. The mediation model proposed, showing the indirect effect of team autonomy on team effectiveness through the role played by supportive behaviors was supported.Conclusion: Highlighting the relationship between team autonomy and team effectiveness through the mediating role of supportive behaviors, this research contributes to enrich our knowledge on the antecedents of team effectiveness. Accordingly, this research also contributes to encourage organizations to incorporating autonomy into teams’ design as a strategy to enhance supportive behaviors and team effectiveness.
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Buckley, Sheryl Beverley. "Computer-supported collaborative learning in a technikon context." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4048.
Full textBooks on the topic "Team Work Context Scale"
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Cooperative learning in context: An educational innovation in everyday classrooms. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999.
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Palmisano, Michael J. Taking inquiry to scale: An alternative to traditional approaches to education reform. Urbana, Illinois: National Council of Teachers of English, 2013.
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Kelly, Des. Making national vocational qualifications work for social care: Can there be a context-sensitive approach to national vocational qualifications? : a report of a study to investigate the potential role of first line managers as assessors of staff competencies within an NVQ framework, and to examine their training needs. London: National Institute for Social Work, 1990.
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Bagdasaryan, Vardan. Leadership. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1086964.
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The study of the course "Leadership" is associated with an increasing demand for the formation and disclosure of human leadership potentials. The presented textbook allows you to carry out this work in a targeted way. It summarizes and systematizes the world experience in the development of the theory and practice of leadership, discusses the classification of types of leaders, issues of practical use in leadership scenarios of personal qualities of a person, and offers a methodology for developing team strategies and team building. The distinctive features of the proposed program are its adaptability to the socio-cultural context of Russian society and its strong connection with the task of training the future generation of leaders in the interests of the Russian state. Each of the sections of the textbook is accompanied by practical tasks, the solution of which develops the skills of self-knowledge of a person in the perspective of developing leadership potentials and understanding the variability of leadership strategies. It is focused primarily on the preparation of bachelors studying in pedagogical areas of training, but it can also serve as a basic source for training in the course "Leadership" within the framework of a bachelor's degree in the humanities and the direction of social sciences.
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Baldacchino, G. Global Tourism and Informal LAbour Relations: The Small Scale Syndrome at Work (Employment and Work Relations in Context). Routledge, 2006.
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Joshi, Aparna, and Hyuntak Roh. Understanding How Context Shapes Team Diversity Outcomes. Edited by Quinetta M. Roberson. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199736355.013.0012.
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The study of diversity context offers many opportunities and also represents many challenges. In this chapter we present a research agenda that exploits some opportunities and attempts to overcome the challenges in conducting contextualized diversity research. We offer a tripartite definition of diversity context comprising its structural, relational, and normative components, and discuss a theoretical framework for identifying the effect of context on categorization and elaboration-based processes within work teams. We conclude by suggesting directions for future research that we hope will be a road map for future research in this area.
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Dvinyatina, Tatiana M. I.A. Bunin and his time: Context of Life — History of Work. Edited by Sergey N. Morozov. A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/ab-978-5-9208-0675-8.
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The collection is based on the materials of two anniversary international scientific conferences dedicated to the 150th anniversary of the birth of Ivan Bunin and held at IMLI RAS and IRLI RAS. The collection also holds publications of new archival materials, as well as translations of foreign articles about Ivan Bunin. Some illustrations from the collection have never been pubished before. The present collection is the next stage a large-scale preparation for starting the edition of the academic Complete collection of the writer’s works.
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Reiter-Palmon, Roni, and Mackenzie Harms. Team Creativity and Innovation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190222093.003.0001.
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For the past two decades, creativity and innovation have been viewed by researchers as critical to organizational success and survival. Understanding the factors that facilitate or inhibit creativity and innovation at the individual level has been the focus of much of the research in the area. In recent years, research in organizational psychology and management has focused on understanding creativity and innovation in teams. However, while earlier work on teams and creativity focused on the team as a context variable, and individual creativity as the outcome, more recent research emphasizes creativity as the outcome. This chapter provides an overview of the state of research and practice as it relates to team creativity and innovation in organizations.
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Stroeher, Vicki P., and Justin Vickers, eds. Benjamin Britten in Context. Cambridge University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108634878.
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Benjamin Britten, pianist, conductor, educator, composer of a wide range of music from large-scale operas and choral works to string quartets and songs, is acknowledged as a pivotal figure in mid-twentieth-century Britain. This volume explores the contexts for his multi-faceted career and his engagement with his contemporaries in music, art, literature, and film, British musical institutions, royal and governmental entities, and the church, as well as his ground-breaking projects, philosophical and ideological tenets. The book is thematically structured in five parts: Britten's relationships with Peter Pears, his close friends, mentors, and colleagues; musical life in Britain; his interactions with previous and contemporary generations of composers; his professional work with choreographers, librettists, stage designers, and directors; and his socio-cultural, religious, and political environment. The chapters shed light on the many opportunities and challenges of post-war British musical life that shaped Britten's creative output.
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Daly, Tamara J., and Ruth Lowndes. Feminist Political Economy and Flexible Team Interviewing. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190862268.003.0005.
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This chapter explores how we approached and conducted creative team interviewing during this multiyear ethnographic study of long-term care homes. We discuss interviewing from the theoretical standpoint of feminist political economy and feminist and interpretive interviewing. We outline our creative team interviewing method, as well as identify examples of what worked well and the relational, spatial, and temporal challenges we addressed. The chapter’s final section offers critical reflections on our contributions to creative team interviewing. Specifically, an explicitly feminist orientation in our research enabled us to use interviewing to pay attention to the everyday realities of the work and care in long-term care settings. Feminist political economy enabled us to see and hear experiences from nursing homes in context and in relation to others who live, work, and visit.
Book chapters on the topic "Team Work Context Scale"
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Ulfsnes, Rasmus, Viktoria Stray, Nils Brede Moe, and Darja Šmite. "Innovation in Large-Scale Agile - Benefits and Challenges of Hackathons When Hacking from Home." In Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming – Workshops, 23–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88583-0_3.
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AbstractHackathons are events in which diverse teams work together to explore and develop solutions, software, or even ideas. Hackathons have been recognized not only as public events for hacking but also as a corporate mechanism for innovation. Hackathons are a way for established large-scale agile organizations to achieve increased employee wellbeing as well as being a curator for innovation and developing new products. The sudden transition to the work-from-home mode caused by the COVID-19 pandemic first put many corporate events requiring collocation, such as hackathons, temporarily on hold and then motivated companies to find ways to hold these events virtually. In this paper, we report our findings from investigating hackathons in the context of a large agile company by first exploring the general benefits and challenges of hackathons and then trying to understand how they were affected by the virtual setup. We conducted nine interviews, surveyed 23 employees, and analyzed a hackathon demo. We found that hackathons provide both individual and organizational benefits of innovation, personal interests, and acquiring new skills and competencies. However, several challenges such as added stress due to stopping the regular work, employees fearing not having enough contribution to deliver, and potential mismatch between individual and organizational goals were also found. With respect to the virtual setup, we found that virtual hackathons are not diminishing the innovation benefits. However, some negative effects surfaced on the social and networking side.
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Chen, Yuan-Jyue, and Georg Seelig. "Scaling Up DNA Computing with Array-Based Synthesis and High-Throughput Sequencing." In Natural Computing Series, 281–93. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9891-1_16.
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AbstractIt was 40 years ago today, when Ned taught DNA to play [32]. When Ned Seeman began laying the theoretical foundations of what is now DNA nanotechnology, he likely did not imagine the entire diversity and scale of molecular structures, machines, and computing devices that would be enabled by his work. While there are many reasons for the success of the field, not least the creativity shown by Ned and the community he helped build, such progress would not have been possible without breakthroughs in DNA synthesis and molecular analysis technology. Here, we argue that the technologies that will enable the next generation of DNA nanotechnology have already arrived but that we have not yet fully taken advantage of them. Specifically, we believe that it will become possible, in the near future, to dramatically scale up DNA nanotechnology through the use of array-synthesized DNA and high-throughput DNA sequencing. In this article, we provide an example of how DNA logic gates and circuits can be produced through enzymatic processing of array-synthesized DNA and can be read out by sequencing in a massively parallel format. We experimentally demonstrate processing and readout of 380 molecular gates in a single reaction. We further speculate that in the longer term, very large-scale DNA computing will find applications in the context of molecular diagnostics and, in particular, DNA data storage.
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Poth, Alexander, Mario Kottke, and Andreas Riel. "Evaluation of Agile Team Work Quality." In Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming – Workshops, 101–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58858-8_11.
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Abstract The maturity of organizations is measured with process assessment models like the ISO/IEC 33001. The product quality is aligned with internal and external product quality charactersitics based on models like the ISO/IEC 25010. With the shift from the Tailorism-driven process orientation to a more people centric organization, the two dimensions process and product quality have to be extened by the people or team quality dimension. The presented approach offers aspects for agile Team Work Quality (aTWQ), as well as related measurement indicators. The approach is evaluated in the large enterprise context of the Volkswagen AG. The indicators of aTWQ have been integrated and established in the agile tool box for a sustainable agile transition of the company.
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Somoray, Klaire, Cameron Newton, Ioni Lewis, and Darren Wishart. "Development of Proactive Safety Behaviour Scale Within the Work Driving Context." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 470–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94589-7_46.
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Jean-Francois, Emmanuel, and Sabine Schmidt-Lauff. "Facilitating comparative group work in adult education." In International and Comparative Studies in Adult and Continuing Education, 51–65. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-155-6.04.
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The purpose of this chapter is to describe and reflect on scholarly-based practices that can help facilitate comparative group work within the international and transnational[1] context of adult education. The first section of this chapter situates comparative group work within the larger context of comparative adult education, followed by a focus on how to facilitate a group of diverse learners with different societal and cultural experiences. The chapter emphasiszes an outcome-based approach, describing how to set up incremental learning outcomes to enable comparative group work to be successful; a team-based approach, elaborating on coaching strategies to facilitate comparative work group; and a strength-based approach about adult learner-centered strategies for engagement, empowerment, mentoring, collaboration, fun, and accountability when facilitating comparative group work.
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Gren, Lucas. "Understanding Work Practices of Autonomous Agile Teams: A Social-psychological Review." In Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming – Workshops, 227–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58858-8_23.
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Abstract The purpose of this paper is to suggest additional aspects of social psychology that could help when making sense of autonomous agile teams. To make use of well-tested theories in social psychology and instead see how they replicated and differ in the autonomous agile team context would avoid reinventing the wheel. This was done, as an initial step, through looking at some very common agile practices and relate them to existing findings in social-psychological research. The two theories found that I argue could be more applied to the software engineering context are social identity theory and group socialization theory. The results show that literature provides social-psychological reasons for the popularity of some agile practices, but that scientific studies are needed to gather empirical evidence on these under-researched topics. Understanding deeper psychological theories could provide a better understanding of the psychological processes when building autonomous agile team, which could then lead to better predictability and intervention in relation to human factors.
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Poth, Alexander, Mario Kottke, and Andreas Riel. "Agile Team Work Quality in the Context of Agile Transformations – A Case Study in Large-Scaling Environments." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 232–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56441-4_17.
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Krishna, Jai. "Introduction and Paleogeographic Context, Previous Work, High-Resolution Scale, Magnetochronologic Perspective, Radiometric Scenario, Igneous Activities, Anoxic Events and Eustatic Fluctuations." In The Indian Mesozoic Chronicle, 1–26. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2477-1_1.
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Navarrete Gil, Cynthia, Manjula Ramaiah, Andrea Mantsios, Clare Barrington, and Deanna Kerrigan. "Best Practices and Challenges to Sex Worker Community Empowerment and Mobilisation Strategies to Promote Health and Human Rights." In Sex Work, Health, and Human Rights, 189–206. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64171-9_11.
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AbstractSex workers face a number of health and human rights challenges including heightened risk for HIV infection and suboptimal care and treatment outcomes, institutional and interpersonal violence, labour rights violations, and financial insecurity. In response, sex worker-led groups have been formed and sustained across geographic settings to address these challenges and other needs. Over the last several decades, a growing body of literature has shown that community empowerment approaches among sex workers are associated with significant reductions in HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Yet legal and policy environments, as well as funding constraints, have often limited the reach, along with the impact and sustainability, of such approaches.In this chapter, we first review the literature on community empowerment and mobilisation strategies as a means to collectively address HIV, violence, and other health and human rights issues among sex workers. We then utilise two case studies, developed by the sex worker-led groups APROASE in Mexico and Ashodaya Samithi in India, to illustrate and contextualise community empowerment processes and challenges, including barriers to scale-up. By integrating the global literature with context-specific case studies, we distil lessons learned and recommendations related to community empowerment approaches among sex workers.
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Looks, Hanna, Jannik Fangmann, Jörg Thomaschewski, María-José Escalona, and Eva-Maria Schön. "Towards a Standardized Questionnaire for Measuring Agility at Team Level." In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 71–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78098-2_5.
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AbstractContext: Twenty years after the publication of the agile manifesto, agility is becoming more and more popular in different contexts. Agile values are changing the way people work together and influence people’s mindset as well as the culture of organizations. Many organizations have understood that continuous improvement is based on measurement.Objective: The objective of this paper is to present how agility can be measured at the team level. For this reason, we will introduce our questionnaire for measuring agility, which is based on the agile values of the manifesto.Method: We developed a questionnaire comprising 36 items that measure the current state of a team’s agility in six dimensions (communicative, change-affine, iterative, self-organized, product-driven and improvement-oriented). This questionnaire has been evaluated with respect to several expert reviews and in a case study.Results: The questionnaire provides a method for measuring the current state of agility, which takes the individual context of the team into account. Furthermore, our research shows, that this technique enables the user to uncover dysfunctionalities in a team.Conclusion: Practitioners and organizations can use our questionnaire to optimize collaboration within their teams in terms of agility. In particular, the value delivery of an organization can be increased by optimizing collaboration at the team level. The development of this questionnaire is a continuous learning process with the aim to develop a standardized questionnaire for measuring agility.
Conference papers on the topic "Team Work Context Scale"
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Berg, Samantha, Catherine Neubauer, Shan Lakhmani, Andrea Krausman, Sean Fitzhugh, and Daniel Forster. "Psychometric Properties of Team Resilience and Team Complementarity as Human-Autonomy Team Cohesion Factors." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003762.
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Adopting autonomous systems into human teams will likely affect the development of critical team states like cohesion. Thus, there is a need to understand how critical states emerge and change within human-autonomy teams and how they can be measured. To address these shortcomings, we developed a novel self-report scale to assess cohesion in human-autonomy teams. We created an initial pool of 134 items from the human team literature, selected to indicate the following dimensions: function-based task cohesion, structural cohesion (Griffith, 1988), interpersonal cohesion (Carron et al., 1985), and two novel subdimensions: perceived team complementarity (Piasentin & Chapman, 2007), and team resilience (Cato et al., 2018). Following assessment by eleven subject matter experts (SMEs), 82 items, were tested for content validity (Neubauer et al., 2021). We then administered items (or the scale) to participants during an online validation study. Although it is believed that all five subdimensions are useful for understanding cohesion in human autonomy teams, further analysis was warranted to evaluate the two new subdimensions. Therefore, the current paper focuses on the psychometric properties of team resilience and team complementarity.The online validation study was conducted at the U.S. Military Academy (USMA) at West Point using Qualtrics survey software. Data were collected from 294 USMA Cadets who ranged in age from 18 to 28 years (M= 19.97, SD= 1.49). We asked participants to imagine they were part of a human agent team that was instructed to work together. They viewed video vignettes illustrating these scenarios. These video clips featured high and low cohesive teams consisting of human and robot team members performing various collaborative tasks. Following the clip, participants rated their perceived level of the team’s cohesion using one or more subdimensions from our newly developed human-autonomy team cohesion scale. Participants also filled out a version of the Group Environment Questionnaire GEQ (Carless and DePaola, 2000).To evaluate our items and their corresponding subfactors, we defined several criteria for inclusion in subsequent research: internal consistency (i.e., whether different items measure the same underlying factor), invariance (i.e., whether items retain their meaning across contexts), sensitivity to depictions of high and low cohesion scenarios, and being both distinct from, and correlated with, the task and social cohesion subfactors from the GEQ-10. In our analyses of team complementarity, we found four items that met our inclusion criteria. In our analyses of team resilience, we first separated items into several subfactors: Team Learning Orientation, Shared Language, Team Functioning, and Perceived Efficacy (Berg et al., 2021; Morgan et al., 2013). Of the subfactors, only the Perceived Efficacy subfactor had good measurement properties. The Shared Language subfactor had good internal consistency and met criteria for partial scalar invariance, so it may contain helpful items in future measures. The results of these analyses highlight Team Complementarity as a salient subdimension for cohesion and suggest consideration for incorporating Perceived Efficacy into future Team Cohesion measurements.
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Zheliazkova, Irina, and Adriana Borodzhieva. "COLLABORATIVE AUTHORING AND MEASURING THE AUTHOR'S TEAM ASSESSMENT IN AN E-LECTURING ENVIRONMENT - A CASE STUDY." In eLSE 2013. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-13-114.
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The traditional course materials (lectures, tests, exercises, instructions, and so on) in higher education are often result of the teaching team's work. At this stage of the field of the web-based teaching systems and in comparison with the collaborative learning the literature found mainly in INTERNET (Bauwens & Hourcade, 1997; Flanagan, 2001; Corwin, 2004) is little but with an increasing trend of interest. With this connection the collaborative authoring and measurement of the author's team assessment also presents a research issue from both theoretical and practical points of view. With this aim in parallel of the previous study another natural experiment has been carried out at Ruse University with the same participants. The experimental results are presented and discussed in this paper structured as follows: 1) A detail description of the experiment?s organization, in which the author of the lecture notes in "Intelligent Teaching Systems" was playing the instructor's role, and the participant students ? the author's role; 2) The structure and content of the word document with lecture notes given to the students; 3) Short instructions for their uploading by means of the authoring tool of the e-lecturing subsystem by each student; 4) Raw data including time and collected in an Excel table for this first stage; 5) Raw data including time and collected in an Excel table for the next teams working stage; 6) Proposed analytical model for the author's team assessment and its graphical interpretation; 7) Verification of the model computing the correlation with the six-points scale mark, given by the instructor, and 8) Benefits of embedding the proposed model in the authoring tool for e-lecturing.
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Saukkonen, Juha. "Educating entrepreneurial engineers. To be context-aware or generic?" In SEFI 50th Annual conference of The European Society for Engineering Education. Barcelona: Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788412322262.1104.
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Entrepreneurship education (EE) is high on the agenda of governments and universities globally. With the new forms of entrepreneurship, there has been a surge of specific training programs and materials, e.g. ones dedicated to social entrepreneurship as well as for science & technology-based entrepreneurship. Parallel to this division of EE into subsegments, tools and methods such as the Business Model Canvas (BMC), Lean Start-Up and Customer Development methods, or Disciplined Entrepreneurship by MIT have spread to be used by EE practitioners globally. With the increasing globalization, virtualization, and mobility of learners, EE courses have learners differing in 1) their cultural context that reflects in their values and beliefs, 2) their educational and professional background, and 3) in the area - market and industry - where they aim to start their business. E.g., the process of entrepreneurship is likely to differ in dynamics when going into medical technology vs. mobile gaming, yet some aspects may be mutual to both businesses. Thus, EE education is facing a dilemma: How unified and non-context specific should the approach of the educator be to deliver EE in scale and keep the EE program manageable vs. how much to focus on the individuals or teams and their specific context. The paper draws its conclusions based on the quantitative survey done among 60 entrepreneurship educators globally in February-March 2022. The global respondent pool consisted of educators diverse in the context they come from, institutions and faculties they work at, and the type of entrepreneurs they have trained. The data analysis is based on descriptive statistics based on the assessments done by the respondents on 4- or 5-step Likert scales on perceived current EE practices and the perceived importance of different factors in successfully context-aware EE. The core taxonomy used to elaborate on context is the PESTEL-analysis of the environment, consisting of Political, Economical, Social, Technological, Ecological and Legal factors. The results indicate that the economical-technological consideration is weighted in today´s EE generally speaking, whereas the truly context-aware EE would balance that leaning to economical and technological matters with more factors, especially the one of social context. Another takeaway to participants is a set of proposed EE designs that deal with the contradicting forces.
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Yu, Yang, Weijun Chen, and Jing Yang. "Team formation in business process context." In 2017 IEEE 21st International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cscwd.2017.8066673.
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Rodriguez, Arturo, V. M. Krushnarao Kotteda, Luis F. Rodriguez, Vinod Kumar, Arturo Schiaffino, and Zackery R. Nieto. "Machine Learning Approach to Predict the Flow Rate for an Immiscible Two-Phase Flow at Pore Scale for Enhanced Oil Recovery Application." In ASME 2018 5th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2018-83050.
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Due to global demand for energy, there is a need to maximize oil extraction from wet reservoir sedimentary formations, which implies the efficient extraction of oil at the pore scale. The approach involves pressurizing water into the wetting oil pore of the rock for displacing and extracting the oil. The two-phase flow is complicated because of the behavior of the fluid flow at the pore scale, and capillary quantities such as surface tension, viscosities, pressure drop, radius of the medium, and contact angle become important. In the present work, we use machine learning algorithms in TensorFlow to predict the volumetric flow rate for a given pressure drop, surface tension, viscosity and geometry of the pores. The TensorFlow software library was developed by the Google Brain team and is one of the most powerful tools for developing machine learning workflows. Machine learning models can be trained on data and then these models are used to make predictions. In this paper, the predicted values for a two-phase flow of various pore sizes and liquids are validated against the numerical and experimental results in the literature.
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Gu, Quan, Shengqing Huang, Zhang Jie, Yue Cui, and Ying Zhang. "Understanding the User experience of battery electric vehicles: a perspective based on big data text mining Techniques." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001706.
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Battery electric vehicle (BEV) is the core innovation of low-carbon travel transformation, but there are still few evaluation studies on user experience. To more accurately understand the relatively real user experience of BEV, this paper uses text mining and natural language processing based on the big data text of BEV user experience and proposes a method for collecting, drawing, and analyzing these user experiences. In this way, the user experience of the real scene can be restored to a certain extent. The content includes are following. Firstly, obtain user comments on the typical BEV Model 3 on the online review website through crawler software, and use natural language processing technology to pre-process the data. Secondly, based on the constructed stop word database, the texts in the text stop words are eliminated. Then, the number of common occurrences between two adjacent words is counted, and a co-occurrence matrix is generated. Finally, word frequency statistics, improved TFIDF keyword extraction is performed; and keyword word cloud, centrality analysis, multi-scale keyword analysis are visualized. Compared with the traditional research focusing on individual user experience, this research explores the possibility of a research method of user experience evaluation in the context of big data. This will provide a certain theoretical reference for the research of the user experience evaluation system, and help the product user experience team of related BEV to get closer to the truth to understand the user's experience scenarios, behaviors, and real feelings.
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Knight, Tristan, Axel Rousse, Clémence Allietta, and Benjamin Bérat. "TOLOSAT project: Gravimetry and communication." In Symposium on Space Educational Activities (SSAE). Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184405.009.
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The use of Constellations for weather science, security and disaster monitoring is a major challenge for space application services. Satellite to satellite communication using existing constellations has not been extensively explored yet. It can improve the communication times for small-satellite missions which have limited access to ground stations. Thus, a mission to demonstrate the feasibility of this link is required. Another element of interest in space application is Earth Observation, especially in the context of Climate Change. Gravimetry allows an understanding of mass transport in the Earth System through the remote sensing of the time variation of the Earth gravity field. CubeSats are low-cost small-scale and hence lower risk solutions to Earth Observation missions. University CubeSats have shown their success in demonstration and scientific missions, and have a great potential in providing students with practice and application on real space systems. In this context, the student associations ASTRE and SUPAERO CubeSat Club have joined in a CubeSat program called TOLOSAT, with the hope of demonstrating such technologies. Gathering 70 students from Toulouse, the team was split into subsystems in accordance with the concurrent engineering principles. The work performed followed recommendations from experts from the French National Centre for Space Studies (CNES) and the industry. The TOLOSAT payloads have to test and demonstrate new means of measuring gravity and addressing communication issues. Firstly, for the gravimetry mission, our approach relies solely on GNSS to compute the gravity field, avoiding expensive gravimeters. For the communication mission: the Iridium constellation will be used as an intermediate between the CubeSat and the ground station. Off-the-shelf components such as patch antennas are planned to prove their efficiency in orbit. This would improve the coverage and the communication window. The preliminary design was completed. TOLOSAT was designed as a 3-unit nanosatellite, on a 97.4° inclined, 500km high orbit. Margins were also ensured to allow a third payload to be defined in the future, that will be used for finance and partnerships. Detailed designs are still required, but the educational purposes have been fulfilled, in terms of discovery of the development of space missions as well as in the teamwork culture. The team is now moving on to a new phase, dedicated to a more detailed conception with an on-going focus on the introduction to students to technical - but not only - fields of knowledge applied to space systems
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Слабинский, В. Ю., Н. С. Пивнёв, and Н. М. Воищева. "EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF SHORT-TERM POSITIVE DYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE IN THE CONTEXT OF PREVENTION OF SOCIAL ORPHANHOOD (PILOT RESEARCH)." In Антология российской психотерапии и психологии. Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54775/ppl.2023.57.87.001.
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Актуальность. В настоящее время в России до 40 % случаев ограничения или лишения родительских прав связано с фактором алкогольной зависимости. Мало программ, работающих с данной группой родителей. Зачастую наличие алкогольной зависимости у родителя, закрывает перед семьей двери к получению помощи и поддержки. С 2011 года в Тверской области работает БФ «Константа». За 11 лет помощь оказана 3560 семьям, в которых проживало 8684 ребёнка. В 2018 году БФ «Константа» выиграл президентский грант для реализации проекта «Ребенок в семье». Цель проекта – сохранение целостности семьи и превенция социального сиротства. Для достижения этой цели оказывалась социальная (продукты, одежда, вещи первой необходимости), психологическая (индивидуальная и семейная психотерапия) и медицинская помощь (психиатрическое и наркологическое лечение). За 2021 год в программу было взято 107 семей, имеющих проблемы с употреблением алкоголя, в которых воспитывалось 215 детей. После наркологический диагностики участники программы добровольно выбирали вариант психотерапии алкогольной зависимости: комплексный (эмоционально стрессовая терапия и краткосрочная позитивная динамическая психотерапия) или моно (эмоционально стрессовая психотерапия). Из 48 человек прошедших лечение от алкогольной зависимости были сформированы две группы: Группа 1 (n=17). Средний возраст 36,06±7,05 года. Краткосрочная позитивная динамическая психотерапия и эмоционально стрессовая терапия. Группа 2 (n=31). Средний возраст 36,60±7,50 года. Эмоционально стрессовая терапия. Методики. Госпитальная шкала тревоги и депрессии, БАК-конфликт, Тест Дембо-Рубинштейн. Результаты и выводы. На входе в программу Группа 1 и Группа 2 имели схожие показатели по всем шкалам. Достоверное различие на уровне значимости р=0,049 по критерию Манна-Уитни выявлено только по шкале «Мы» (в Группе 1 больше, чем в Группе 2), описывающей отношение к семье. После психотерапии были полученные различия по двум шкалам «Толерантность» и «Ты», на наш взгляд, важные в плане прогноза отсроченных по времени результатов лечения. Толерантность – это способность уступать и поступаться своими выгодами ради результатов и желаний значимых людей. А высокий результат по шкале «Ты», как говорилось выше, объясняется созависимыми отношениями. Таким образом, снижение показателей по данным шкалам в Группе 1 говорит о повышении самостоятельности пациентов, так как они становятся более склонным добиваться собственных целей и принимать решения, не основанные на желании угодить партнёру, несущему в созависимой системе деструктивное влияние. Если говорить, что именно в структуре данной психотерапии позволяет давать такие результаты, то, прежде всего, нужно отметить способность «инструмента» (протокол краткосрочной позитивной динамической психотерапии) переводить терапию из индивидуальной формы в форму семейной психотерапии. Данная опция позволяет прорабатывать критичность мышления, меняя ракурс разбора одних и тех же событий, устранять аффективные реакции, работая с чувством вины или стыда, а также вырабатывать ответственность, позволяя задуматься о желаемом будущем семьи. Relevance. Currently in Russia, up to 40% of cases of restriction or deprivation of parental rights are associated with the factor of alcohol dependence. There are few programs that work with this group of parents. Often, the presence of alcohol dependence in a parent closes the door for the family to receive help and support. Since 2011, the Constanta Charitable Foundation has been operating in the Tver Region. For 11 years, assistance was provided to 3,560 families with 8,684 children. In 2018, the Constanta Charitable Foundation won a presidential grant for the implementation of the Child in the Family project. The goal of the project is to preserve the integrity of the family and prevent social orphanhood. To achieve this goal, social (food, clothing, essentials), psychological (individual and family psychotherapy) and medical care (psychiatric and drug treatment) were provided. In 2021, 107 families with problems with alcohol consumption were taken into the program, in which 215 children were brought up. After narcological diagnosis, program participants made free choice the option of alcohol addiction psychotherapy: complex (emotionally stressful therapy and short-term positive dynamic psychotherapy) or mono (emotionally stressful psychotherapy). Of the 48 people who underwent treatment for alcohol dependence, two groups were formed: Group 1 (n=17). Mean age 36.06±7.05 years. Short-term positive dynamic psychotherapy and emotional stress therapy. Group 2 (n=31). The average age is 36.60±7.50 years. Emotionally stress therapy. Methods. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, LHC conflict, Dembo-Rubinstein test. Results and conclusions. At the entrance to the program, Group 1 and Group 2 had similar scores on all scales. A significant difference at a significance level of p=0.049 according to the Mann-Whitney test was found only on the “We” scale (more in Group 1 than in Group 2), which describes the attitude towards the family. After psychotherapy, there were obtained differences on two scales “Tolerance” and “You”, in our opinion, are important in terms of predicting delayed treatment results. Tolerance is the ability to give in and give up your benefits for the sake of the results and desires of significant people. And the high result on the “You” scale, as mentioned above, is explained by co-dependent relationships. Thus, the decrease in indicators according to these scales in Group 1 indicates an increase in the independence of patients, as they become more inclined to achieve their own goals and make decisions that are not based on the desire to please a partner who has a destructive influence in the codependent system. If we say that it is in the structure of this psychotherapy that it is possible to give such results, then, first of all, it is necessary to note the ability of the “tool” (protocol of short-term positive dynamic psychotherapy) to transfer therapy from an individual form to the form of family psychotherapy. This option allows you to work out critical thinking by changing the perspective of analyzing the same events, eliminate affective reactions by working with feelings of guilt or shame, and also develop responsibility, allowing you to think about the desired future of the family.
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Pescatore, C., and A. Va´ri. "The Stepwise Approach to Decision Making for Long-Term Radioactive Waste Management: Activities of the OECD/NEA Forum on Stakeholder Confidence." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4959.
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The context of long-term radioactive waste management is being shaped by changes in modern society. Values such as health, environmental protection and safety are increasingly important in our society, demanding new forms of risk governance in dealing with hazardous activities. These changes necessitate, in turn, new forms of dialogue and decision-making processes that include a large number of stakeholders. The development and implementation of radioactive waste management schemes take place over a long time scale, on the order of decades. In this complex context, a “decision” no longer means opting, in one go and for all time, for a complete package solution. Instead, a decision is one step in an overall, cautious process of examining and making choices that preserve the safety and well-being of the present generation and the coming ones while not needlessly depriving the latter of their right of choice. Consideration is thus increasingly being given to concepts such as “stepwise decision making” and “adaptive staging” in which the public, and especially the most affected local public, are meaningfully involved in the planning process. This paper is based on the work of the Forum on Stakeholder Confidence. It reviews the current developments regarding the stepwise approach with the aim to pinpoint where it stands, to highlight its societal dimensions, to analyse its roots in social sciences, and to identify guiding principles and issues in implementation.
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Ku¨nne, Guido, Christian Klewer, and Johannes Janicka. "Hybrid RANS/LES Simulation of a Lean Premixed Swirl Burner Based on a Turbulent Flame Speed Closure." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59443.
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In this work, simulations of a strongly swirled premixed flame at atmospheric pressure were carried out using classical RANS-methods as well as different hybrid RANS/LES approaches. In the context of RANS, a large number of simulations using the k-ε-model were performed to study the impact of sensitivities related to boundary conditions and model parameters. For the transient simulations, the hybrid methods, DES (Detached Eddy Simulation) and SAS (Scale Adaptive Simulation) as implemented in ANSYS-CFX, were employed. These methods were used to avoid the prohibitive computational cost of LES in boundary layers but to resolve the detached eddies to capture the flame turbulence interaction. Combustion modeling in CFX is based on a transport equation for the progress variable combined with a turbulent flame speed closure to treat the chemical source term. In addition, isothermal LES was performed in advance to identify the coherent structures, such as precessing vortex cores, which were observed experimentally.
Reports on the topic "Team Work Context Scale"
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Gunay, Selim, Fan Hu, Khalid Mosalam, Arpit Nema, Jose Restrepo, Adam Zsarnoczay, and Jack Baker. Blind Prediction of Shaking Table Tests of a New Bridge Bent Design. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/svks9397.
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Considering the importance of the transportation network and bridge structures, the associated seismic design philosophy is shifting from the basic collapse prevention objective to maintaining functionality on the community scale in the aftermath of moderate to strong earthquakes (i.e., resiliency). In addition to performance, the associated construction philosophy is also being modernized, with the utilization of accelerated bridge construction (ABC) techniques to reduce impacts of construction work on traffic, society, economy, and on-site safety during construction. Recent years have seen several developments towards the design of low-damage bridges and ABC. According to the results of conducted tests, these systems have significant potential to achieve the intended community resiliency objectives. Taking advantage of such potential in the standard design and analysis processes requires proper modeling that adequately characterizes the behavior and response of these bridge systems. To evaluate the current practices and abilities of the structural engineering community to model this type of resiliency-oriented bridges, the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) organized a blind prediction contest of a two-column bridge bent consisting of columns with enhanced response characteristics achieved by a well-balanced contribution of self-centering, rocking, and energy dissipation. The parameters of this blind prediction competition are described in this report, and the predictions submitted by different teams are analyzed. In general, forces are predicted better than displacements. The post-tension bar forces and residual displacements are predicted with the best and least accuracy, respectively. Some of the predicted quantities are observed to have coefficient of variation (COV) values larger than 50%; however, in general, the scatter in the predictions amongst different teams is not significantly large. Applied ground motions (GM) in shaking table tests consisted of a series of naturally recorded earthquake acceleration signals, where GM1 is found to be the largest contributor to the displacement error for most of the teams, and GM7 is the largest contributor to the force (hence, the acceleration) error. The large contribution of GM1 to the displacement error is due to the elastic response in GM1 and the errors stemming from the incorrect estimation of the period and damping ratio. The contribution of GM7 to the force error is due to the errors in the estimation of the base-shear capacity. Several teams were able to predict forces and accelerations with only moderate bias. Displacements, however, were systematically underestimated by almost every team. This suggests that there is a general problem either in the assumptions made or the models used to simulate the response of this type of bridge bent with enhanced response characteristics. Predictions of the best-performing teams were consistently and substantially better than average in all response quantities. The engineering community would benefit from learning details of the approach of the best teams and the factors that caused the models of other teams to fail to produce similarly good results. Blind prediction contests provide: (1) very useful information regarding areas where current numerical models might be improved; and (2) quantitative data regarding the uncertainty of analytical models for use in performance-based earthquake engineering evaluations. Such blind prediction contests should be encouraged for other experimental research activities and are planned to be conducted annually by PEER.
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Baliki, Ghassan, Dorothee Weiffen, Melodie Al Daccache, Aysegül Kayaoglu, Lara Sujud, Hadi Jaafar, Hala Ghattas, and Tilman Brück. Seeds for recovery: The long-term impacts of a complex agricultural intervention on welfare, behaviour and stability in Syria (SEEDS). Centre for Excellence and Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL), April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51744/crpp7.
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There is scarce evidence on whether and how assistance in humanitarian emergencies and conflict settings impacts household well-being and behaviour. Conducting rigorous impact evaluations in such settings poses multiple challenges in design and data collection. In SEEDS, we evaluate the impact of a complex large-scale multi-arm agricultural intervention on productivity, food security, and resilience in the context of an on-going humanitarian crisis in Syria. Specifically, we identify the causal impacts of agricultural asset transfers over various time horizons (the short-, medium-, and long-run), and across different conditions and subgroups (gender and conflict intensity) at the household-level. We evaluate the effectiveness of irrigation rehabilitation separately at the community-level. We use and combine various data sources, including a unique survey panel dataset collected over a period of four years from multiple governorates in Syria, satellite remote-sensing data, and publicly available violent conflict incidence and weather data. Our findings from using cutting-edge machine and deep learning approaches together with innovative balancing and analytical methods can be summarised as follows: For average treatment effects at the household-level, we find that the provision of agricultural asset support leads to significant improvements in food security in the short- and long-term, three years after the intervention. The positive and significant effect on food security is driven mainly by the increased consumption of healthy food items such as vegetables. In the long-run, livestock support reduces the use of harmful coping strategies households employ to deal with food shortages. Interestingly, we find that households who received vegetable kits are not just less likely to sell their productive assets in the long-term but also are less likely to marry off their young daughters or send their children to work. Overall, we find that both agricultural and livestock asset support is key to improving households’ resilience in the long-term. The irrigation rehabilitation interventions at the community-level positively affected agricultural productivity compared to the pre-intervention and pre-conflict periods. However, these effects were only significantly pronounced in the spring season. As for the heterogeneity analysis, we find that female-headed households benefit remarkably more in terms of food security in the medium-term compared to male-headed families. Moreover, households residing in areas that are moderately affected by violent conflict show stronger food security improvements compared to households from peaceful or conflict-intense settings. Overall, we draw three overarching lessons from our findings in SEEDS: First, agricultural support in protracted conflict settings effectively improves the long-term welfare and resilience of vulnerable households. In fact, the presence of an ongoing humanitarian operation acts as a social safety net if circumstances deteriorate suddenly. Second, not all interventions are equally effective, and not all households equally benefit, underscoring the need to design and implement inclusive context-specific interventions with detailed targeting. Third, methodologically, using multiple remote data sources and machine learning methods help overcome challenges in conducting rigorous impact evaluations in hard-to-reach humanitarian emergency settings.
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Hunter, Fraser, and Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age. Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v Landscapes and regions: Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change? Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial. Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth. Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs. Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully. Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people. The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world
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Robledo, Ana, and Amber Gove. What Works in Early Reading Materials. RTI Press, February 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.op.0058.1902.
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Access to books is key to learning to read and sustaining a love of reading. Yet many low- and middle-income countries struggle to provide their students with reading materials of sufficient quality and quantity. Since 2008, RTI International has provided technical assistance in early reading assessment and instruction to ministries of education in dozens of low- and middle-income countries. The central objective of many of these programs has been to improve learning outcomes—in particular, reading—for students in the early grades of primary school. Under these programs, RTI has partnered with ministry staff to produce and distribute evidence-based instructional materials at a regional or national scale, in quantities that increase the likelihood that children will have ample opportunities to practice reading skills, and at a cost that can be sustained in the long term by the education system. In this paper, we seek to capture the practices RTI has developed and refined over the last decade, particularly in response to the challenges inherent in contexts with high linguistic diversity and low operational capacity for producing and distributing instructional materials. These practices constitute our approach to developing and producing instructional materials for early grade literacy. We also touch upon effective planning for printing and distribution procurement, but we do not consider the printing and distribution processes in depth in this paper. We expect this volume will be useful for donors, policymakers, and practitioners interested in improving access to cost-effective, high-quality teaching and learning materials for the early grades.
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Siebenaler, Shane. PR-015-093709-R01 Evaluation of External Leak Detection Systems - Laboratory Work. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), May 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010445.
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A previous PRCI project (PR-015-084510, 2009) identified distributed temperature sensing (DTS) and acoustic emissions as potentially viable technologies for the detection of small leaks in liquid pipelines. Much of the assessment that led to this conclusion was based upon manufacturer-generated literature. However, there is a lack of existing, publicly-available test data on these technologies as they relate to detecting small leaks in liquid pipelines. Such data are needed by pipeline operators in order to determine the value in supplementing their existing leak detection systems with one of these technologies. The long-term goal of the PRCI team providing oversight to this work is to conduct full-scale field testing of these technologies. However, it is first important to determine the parameters that affect performance in order to design the large-scale testing and to identify conditions for which the technologies are not suitable. A project encompassing analysis and laboratory testing of DTS systems and modeling of acoustic emissions systems was conducted. Includes some analysis of different liquids including crude oil, propane, gasoline, and carbon dioxide.
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Willis, Craig, Will Hughes, and Sergiusz Bober. ECMI Minorities Blog. National and Linguistic Minorities in the Context of Professional Football across Europe: Five Examples from Non-kin State Situations. European Centre for Minority Issues, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53779/bvkl7633.
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Football clubs are often analysed by scholars as ‘imagined communities’, for no fan of any team will ever meet, or even be aware of most of their fellow supporters on an individual level. They are also simultaneously one of the most tribal phenomena of the twenty-first century, comparable to religion in terms of the complexity of rituals, their rhythm and overall organizational intricacies, yet equally inseparable from economics and politics. Whilst, superficially, the events of sporting fixtures carry little political significance, for many of Europe’s national and linguistic minorities football fandom takes on an extra dimension of identity – on an individual and collective scale, acting as a defining differentiation from the majority society. This blogpost analyses five clubs from non-kin state settings, with the intention to assess how different aspects of minority identities affect their fan bases, communication policies and other practices.
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Williams, Janine, Maria Hameed Khan, Robyn Mayes, Trish Obst, and Benjamin Lowe. Getting on at Work: Progression and Promotion of Women with Disability in the Victorian Public Service. Queensland University of Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.241144.
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Overview of the Project Gender inclusivity and equal employment opportunities are key priorities for the Victorian Government. The Gender Equality Act 2020 (the Act) commenced in March 2021 and laid the foundation to improve workplace gender equality in the Victorian public sector. The legislation requires Victorian public sector entities to explicitly address intersecting forms of inequality and disadvantage. The research project aimed to centre the voices of women with disability to provide evidence-based insights into the enablers, barriers and inclusive practices shaping their career progression and promotion in the Victorian Public Service. The research team reviewed scholarly literature, analysed data extracts from the People Matter Survey (2021) and interviewed 49 women with disability from across the Victorian Public Service. Summary of Key Findings People Matter Survey Data 2021 Analysis of the People Matter Survey 2021 data extracts identified statistically significant insights. People who identified as having a disability analysed by gender identity indicated that: ● women and people who identified as non-binary and ‘other’ reported having a disability more often than men. ● women were more likely to use one or more flexible work arrangements. ● more requests for workplace adjustments were made by women, non-binary or ‘other’ gender identities and disability was often identified as a reason for requesting workplace adjustments. ● women and men reported low perceptions of workplace culture related to disability. This was significantly lower for respondents who identified as non-binary, ‘other’ or who preferred not to state their gender. Research Interviews with Women with Disability Interviews with women with disability identified three career patterns. Firstly, broadly inclusive, and positive career experiences. Secondly, broadly non-inclusive career experiences which led participants to feel unsure they had a future career in the VPS. Thirdly, most participants experienced a range of inclusive and non-inclusive career experiences which varied depending on the VPS employer or team in which they were employed. Overall, participants highlighted a desire for: ● the VPS to move forward with more consistency in how it enables the careers of women with disability across all roles and levels of seniority. ● the VPS to move away from putting women with disability in the ‘too hard basket’ towards developing a culture where disability inclusion is characterised by relationships and interactions that reflect ‘respect’ and ‘trust’. Eight themes draw together insights from the interviews with women with disability and identify experiences of the VPS workplace that can enable or create barriers to career progression: ● Sharing Disability Information ● Requesting Workplace Adjustments ● Disability Advocacy ● Team Relations ● Impact of Managers and Supervisors ● Mentorship ● Disability Leadership ● Policy Context and Application To build on the enabling aspects of women with disabilities experiences and remove barriers, the VPS should focus on fostering VPS workplaces where respect and trust are embedded throughout the broader culture. There may be value in identifying one or a small group of VPS employers to lead on developing the inclusive practices identified by participants. The inclusive practices identified by participants were drawn together into three key areas: VPS Managers and Supervisors; Psychological Safety; and VPS Policies and Practices. Respecting the agency of women with disability, their capability and capacity to navigate their career contexts, the report suggests three key areas women with disability may want to focus their energy and sources of support: seeking out mentoring opportunities, considering how they can advocate for their inclusion requirements, and exploring opportunities to share their career experiences with other women with disability.
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Watkins, Chris B., Susan Lurie, Amnon Lers, and Patricia L. Conklin. Involvement of Antioxidant Enzymes and Genes in the Resistance Mechanism to Postharvest Superficial Scald Development. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7586539.bard.
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The objective of this research project was to evaluate the involvement of antioxidant enzymes and genes in the resistance mechanism to postharvest superficial scald development using two primary systems: 1. Resistant and susceptible progenies of an apple cross between a scald resistant crab apple, ‘White Angel’ and a scald susceptible cultivar, ‘Rome Beauty’; 2. Heat-treatment of ‘Granny Smith’, which is known to reduce scald development in this cultivar. In 2002 we asked for, and received (October 14), permission to revise our initial objectives. The US side decided to expand their results to include further work using commercial cultivars. Also, both sides wanted to include an emphasis on the interaction between these antioxidant enzymes and the á-farnesene pathway, with the cooperation of a third party, Dr. Bruce Whitaker, USDA-ARS, Beltsville. Background: Superficial scald is a physiological storage disorder that causes damage to the skin of apple and pear fruit. It is currently controlled by use of an antioxidant, diphenylamine (DPA), applied postharvest by drenching or dips, but concern exists about such chemical usage especially as it also involves application of fungicides. As a result, there has been increased emphasis on understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in disorder development. Our approach was to focus on the oxidative processes that occur during scald development, and specifically on using the two model systems described above to determine if the levels of specific antioxidants and/or antioxidant enzyme activities correlated with the presence/absence of scald. It was hoped that information about the role of antioxidant-defense mechanisms would lead to identification of candidate genes for future transgenic manipulation. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: Collectively, our results highlight the complexity of superficial scald developmental processes. Studies involving comparisons of antioxidant enzyme activities in different crab apple selection, commercial cultivars, and in response to postharvest heat and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatments, show no simple direct relationships with antioxidant contents and susceptibility of fruit to scald development. However, a correlative relationship was found between POX activity or isoenzyme number and scald resistance in most of the studies. This relationship, if confirmed, could be exploited in breeding for scald resistance. In addition, our investigations with key genes in the á-farnesenebiosynthetic pathway, together with antioxidant processes, are being followed up by analysis of exposed and shaded sides of fruit of cultivars that show different degrees of scald control by 1-MCP. These data may further reveal productive areas for future research that will lead to long term control of the disorder. However, given the complexity of scald development, the greatest research need is the production of transgenic fruit with down-regulated genes involved in á- farnesene biosynthesis in order to test the currently popular hypothesis for scald development.
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Thunø, Mette, and Jan Ifversen. Global Leadership Teams and Cultural Diversity: Exploring how perceptions of culture influence the dynamics of global teams. Aarhus University, October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/aul.273.
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In the 21st century, business engagements are becoming increasingly global, and global teams are now an established form of organising work in multinational organisations. As a result, managing cultural diver-sity within a global team has become an essential part of ensuring motivation, creativity, innovation and efficiency in today’s business world.Global teams are typically composed of a diversity of experiences, frames of references, competencies, information and, not least, cultural backgrounds. As such, they hold a unique potential for delivering high performance in terms of innovative and creative approaches to global management tasks; however, in-stead of focusing on the potentials of cultural diversity, practitioners and studies of global teams tend to approach cultural diversity as a barrier to team success. This study explores some of the barriers that cultural diversity poses but also discusses its potential to leverage high performance in a global context.Our study highlights the importance of how team leaders and team members perceive ‘culture’ as both a concept and a social practice. We take issue with a notion of culture as a relatively fixed and homogeneous set of values, norms and attitudes shared by people of national communities; it is such a notion of culture that tends to underlie understandings that highlight the irreconcilability of cultural differences.Applying a more dynamic and context-dependent approach to culture as a meaning system that people negotiate and use to interpret the world, this study explores how global leadership teams can best reap the benefits of cultural diversity in relation to specific challenging areas of intercultural team work, such as leadership style, decision making, relationship building, strategy process, and communication styles. Based on a close textual interpretation of 31 semi-structured interviews with members of global leader-ship teams in eight Danish-owned global companies, our study identified different discourses and per-ceptions of culture and cultural diversity. For leaders of the global leadership teams (Danish/European) and other European team members, three understandings of cultural diversity in their global teams were prominent:1)Cultural diversity was not an issue2)Cultural diversity was acknowledged as mainly a liability. Diversities were expressed through adifference in national cultures and could typically be subsumed under a relatively fixed numberof invariable and distinct characteristics.3)Cultural diversity was an asset and expressions of culture had to be observed in the situationand could not simply be derived from prior understandings of cultural differences.A clear result of our study was that those leaders of global teams who drew on discourses of the Asian ‘Other’ adherred to the first two understandings of cultural diversity and preferred leadership styles that were either patriarchal or self-defined as ‘Scandinavian’. Whereas those leaders who drew on discourses of culture as dynamic and negotiated social practices adhered to the third understanding of cultural di-versity and preferred a differentiated and analytical approach to leading their teams.We also focused on the perceptions of team members with a background in the country in which the global teams were co-located. These ‘local’ team members expressed a nuanced and multifaceted perspective on their own cultural background, the national culture of the company, and their own position within the team, which enabled them to easily navigate between essentialist perceptions of culture while maintain-ing a critical stance on the existing cultural hegemonies. They recognised the value of their local knowledge and language proficiency, but, for those local members in teams with a negative or essentialist view of cultural diversity, it was difficult to obtain recognition of their cultural styles and specific, non-local competences. 3Our study suggeststhat the way global team members perceive culture, based on dominant societal dis-courses of culture, significantly affects the understandings of roles and positions in global leadership teams. We found that discourses on culture were used to explain differences and similarities between team members, which profoundly affected the social practicesand dynamics of the global team. We con-clude that only global teams with team leaders who are highly aware of the multiple perspectives at play in different contexts within the team hold the capacity to be alert to cultural diversity and to demonstrate agility in leveraging differences and similarities into inclusive and dynamic team practices.
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Tran, My-Thu, and Bo Yang. Using Thermal Remote Sensing to Quantify Impact of Traffic on Urban Heat Islands during COVID. Mineta Transportation Institute, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2023.2207.
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A three-month lockdown in the U.S. at the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020 greatly reduced the traffic volume in many cities, especially large metropolitan areas such as the San Francisco Bay Area. This research explores the impact of transportation on climate change by using remote sensing technology and statistical analysis during the COVID-19 lockdown. Using thermal satellite data, this research measures the intensity of the urban heat island, the main driver for climate change during the urbanization process. The research team acquired morning and afternoon MODIS data in the same periods in 2019 before the pandemic and 2020 during the pandemic. MODIS imagery provides a wall-to-wall land surface temperature map to precisely measure the dynamics of the urban heat effect. In situ meteorological data were also acquired to build an urban surface energy budget and construct statistical models between solar radiation and the intensity of heat dynamics. The team implemented this urban heat budget in six counties in Northern California. This research quantifies the impact of lockdown policies on heat intensity in urban areas and human mobility in the context of COVID-19 and future pandemics. The quantitative results obtained in this study provide critical information for analyses of climate change impact on an urban scale.