Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Team contest'
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Kashner, Daniel. "Cognitive Ability in a Team-Play Beauty Contest Game: An Experiment Proposal." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397827427.
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Posnock, Samuel Joseph. "Dynamic person, context, and event determinants of individual motivation in teams." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53847.
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Teams have become increasingly popular in organizations (Devine, Clayton, Philips, Dunford, & Melner, 1999), and the issue of process loss in teams presents a persistent challenge to teamwork and team effectiveness (Karau & Williams, 1993). The present study addresses a basic issue in process loss; namely, team member motivation to contribute personal resources toward individual and team-level goals. This study identified three sources of motivation in teams: Task demands, team attributes, and member traits. Individual motivation increased with task difficulty, increased as deadlines approached, and declined overall with time on task. Team efficacy was positively associated with episodic increases in motivation over time, while cohesion was unrelated to motivation. Trait motivation was positively related, and psychological collectivism negatively related to individual motivation. This relationship persisted over the lifespan of the team. The results of this study have implications for understanding the unique and joint role of individual and contextual influences on team member motivation over time and experience.
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Chapman-Blair, Sharon. "Talking about teams within a team building context: a discourse analytic study." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002456.
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This research initiative responds to some of the issues raised by theoretical challenges leveled at Industrial Psychology (postmodernism), and practical challenges in the workplace (the use of teams) by investigating notions of what a team is via the postmodern methodology of discourse analysis. The research explores “team talk” – repertoires of speech employed by individuals to construct particular versions of “the team” for specific effects, of importance given emphasis placed on shared understanding, expectations and goals in a “team”. A Rhodes University Industrial Psychology Honours class required to work as a team (having participated in a team building exercise), as well as their lecturers who facilitated the team building process were interviewed to obtain “talk” to analyse. This uncovered a multiplicity of meaning, namely four ways of speaking about (constructing) the team. These repertoires are explored in terms of how they are constructed, how they differ across context and speakers, how they interrelate and what they function to achieve. The educational team repertoire constructs academic hierarchy, justifies individualism, positions members as experts and maintains distance from interpersonal processes. The machine repertoire divides work and interpersonal issues, regulates productivity and constructs team roles (defining individual activity and “team fit”), but is inflexible to change. The family repertoire voices emotive aspects to maintain cohesion via conformity, leaderlessness, group identity and shared achievement, but cannot accommodate conflict or workpersonal boundaries. The psychologised team repertoire constructs the team primarily as a therapeutic entity legitimately creating individual identities (and expertise) and facilitating personal growth, but this flounders when support in the “team” fails. Given that each repertoire has a different emphasis (reflective learning versus work processes versus building relationships versus personal growth), there are slippages / clashes between repertoires. This postmodern look at “the team” thus assists in recognizing and problematising these multiple meanings and identifying practical implications.
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Stevens, Bridgette Bond Almond. "The development of pedagogical content knowledge of a mathematics teaching intern the role of collaboration, curriculum, and classroom context /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4163.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (November 14, 2006) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Hague, Jeremy. "New forms of organising : context, action and transitional processes." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247015.
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Williams, Helen M. "Team gender diversity : the effects of gender, type of team and organisational context." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339939.
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Huang, Lingbo. "An empirical investigation of individual and team contests." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/31377/.
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This thesis presents an empirical investigation of individual and team contests using both lab experiments and field data. The thesis is comprised of five chap- ters. Chapter 1 introduces the overarching theme of this thesis and the common methodological tool, which is a novel real effort task used in the lab experiments. Chapter 2 discusses this real effort task in more detail and shows its usefulness in studying behavioural responses to incentives by presenting a series of experiments, including individual production with piece-rate incentives, team production, gift exchange, and tournament, using the task. All of the results are closely in line with theoretical predictions and, where applicable, the stylised facts from experiments using purely induced values. Chapter 3 experimentally examines the role of interpersonal comparisons in an individual contest. The experiment follows Gill and Prowse (2012) and is designed to investigate the source of disappointment aversion, that is, whether it is purely an asocial concept, akin to loss aversion, or fuelled by interpersonal comparisons. The new evidence however rejects predictions of the disappointment aversion model, both when interpersonal comparisons are possible and when they are not. Chapter 4 empirically examines strategic behaviour of contestants in a dynamic “best-of-three” team contest. I find evidence of “strategic neutrality” in both field data from high-stakes professional squash team tournaments and lab data from an experiment: the outcomes of previous battles do not affect the current battle. The lab data however reveal that the neutrality prediction does not perfectly hold at the level of individual efforts. Chapter 5 concludes the thesis by summarising all findings in previous chapters, discussing the limitations, and pointing to directions for future research.
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Allard, Jon. "Performing politics in the clinical team : context and subtext." Thesis, Exeter and Plymouth Peninsula Medical School, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.590664.
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Healthcare and politics are intimately bound and are expressed at three levels. The macro level concerns policy, where politics and ideology shape multiple, sometimes serial, and often conflicting, health care 'reforms'. The meso level concerns translation of such policy at the level of institutional operation such as the workings of a hospital, and may involve 'management style'. Finally, policy and management decisions will interact with the day-to-day practices of clinicians and support workers at the micro level. Micropolitics involve translation of policy and management decisions into daily working practices, involving the complex interaction of evidence-based care, local traditions, patients' idiosyncratic needs, and the skill and capability mix of multiprofessional clinical teams working with a variety of hi- and lo-tech artefacts. Following the advice of Actor-Network-Theory's (ANT) methodology - to conduct an ethnography by 'digging where you stand' - this thesis looks deeply into a small slice of micropolitical teamwork activity in the UK National Health Service (NHS) for better appreciation and understanding. Two case study contexts - an Emergency Department (EO) and a Mental Health (M H) ward - were studied in depth over an extended period th rough postmodern observation and video ethnography, supplemented by interviews. Data were analysed to reveal patterns of micropolitical activity - ways in which power acted locally to shape clin ical activities. Major forms of sovereign power ('power over') or key 'texts' in the NHS - dictated at the macro level of policy, and translated at the meso level of hospital management - include what have become 'mantras', such as 'patient-centredness'. However, at the micro level, such texts were seen to be disrupted by a variety of 'subtexts' of activity. Subtexts in both contexts included (i) 'patient throughput' (and throughput pressure); (i i) 'patients and their relatives as key decision makers'; (ii i) 'risk and patient safety'; and (iv) 'clinical uncertainty'. Such emergent 'subtexts' of activity explicitly shape micropolitical teamwork practices and behaviours, often reshaping , and even subverting , stated macropolitical imperatives or policy texts such as 'patient-centred ness' . Power was seen to be productive, as forms of resistance to sovereign (reproductive) power. Such 'capillary power' characterized the playing out of subtexts across systems of work to shape identi ties in flu id team settings. Drawing particularly on Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) as a conceptual framework, th is thesis challenges lingering sociological models of 'medical dominance' and doctor-nurse power differences, to promote a more complex picture of daily micropolitical teamwork life in two clinical settings in which politics are 'performed'.
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Maublanc, François. "Competition, Interdisciplinarity and Teams in Science." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0354/document.
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La taille moyenne des équipes de recherche n’a cessé d’augmenter depuis plusieurs décennies pour l’ensemble des disciplines et quel que soit le pays considéré. Par exemple, l’étude d’Adams (2004) sur les articles publiés par au moins une université américaine entre 1981 et 1999 montre que le nombre d’auteurs moyen par publication a été constamment croissant passant de 2,8 à plus de 4,2. Les chercheurs ont tenté d’apporter des explications à cette observation. La complexité de plus en plus importante de la science a été une des premières idées développées : en effet, on a assisté à une augmentation du stock de connaissances et de nouveaux domaines de recherche, notamment multidisciplinaires, sont apparus. Mais cette hausse de la taille moyenne des équipes pourrait avoir d’autres origines : une concurrence plus forte entre les scientifiques les conduirait à se regrouper pour échapper à la compétition. Ce débat s’est peu à peu porté sur les causes, les avantages, les inconvénients et les conséquences de la collaboration scientifique. Les chercheurs ont essayé d’évaluer l’impact de cette dernière sur plusieurs variables comme leur productivité, la qualité de leurs articles ou encore leur nombre de publications, avec des résultats souvent différents d’une étude à l’autre. Dans cette thèse, deux questions majeures seront abordées : comment se forment les équipes de recherche et comment fonctionnent-elles ? Pour y répondre, nous formulerons tout d’abord une modélisation microéconomique sous la forme d’un jeu en deux étapes visant à expliquer les conséquences de la coopération sur la production scientifique et la constitution des groupes de recherche. Nous essaierons ensuite de déterminer de manière empirique les différents facteurs expliquant la formation des équipes en exploitant une base de données de l’OST portant sur l’ensemble des articles de toutes les institutions académiques mondiales depuis plusieurs décennies. Nous analyserons également les publications des universités de Bordeaux pour tenter de comprendre à tous les niveaux la formation et le fonctionnement des équipes notamment à l’échelle de chaque chercheur et de chaque laboratoireThis thesis aims at understanding the increasing complexity of research projects as one of the possible explanations for the fall in researchers’ productivity observed over decades. We conceptualize a research project as an idea and a team of researchers. Each idea is associated to a given knowledge production function that we suppose of the CES-form. Production factors are sub-team efforts, each one in a distinct field of expertise. We theoretically show that, at equilibrium, team outcome depends negatively on a synthetic index which characterizes its knowledge production function that we call disciplinary complexity of the research project. Though this index and its components are typically not observable in the data, we show that it is tied to the Hill index of factor contributions to the output, a standard interdisciplinary measurement in our application. This offers an opportunity to test empirically the increasing disciplinary complexity over time of research as an explanation of its decreasing productivity. We confirm those predictions on an original dataset of nearly four hundred thousand research projects over the period 1999-2013
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Costa, Ana-Cristina, and N. R. Anderson. "Team Trust." Willey-Blackwell, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17883.
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NoThis chapter seeks to clarify the definition of trust and its conceptualization specifically at the team or workgroup level, as well as discussing the similarities and differences between interpersonal and team level trust. Research on interpersonal trust has shown that individual perceptions of others trustworthiness and their willingness to engage in trusting behavior when interacting with them are largely history‐dependent processes. Thus, trust between two or more interdependent individuals develops as a function of their cumulative interaction. The chapter describes a multilevel framework with individual, team and organizational level determinants and outcomes of team trust. It aims to clarify core variables and processes underlying team trust and to develop a better understanding of how these phenomena operate in a system involving the individual team members, the team self and the organizational contexts in which the team operates. The chapter concludes by reviewing and proposing a number of directions for future research and future‐oriented methodological recommendations.
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Costa, Ana-Cristina, and Neil Anderson. "Team Trust." Willey-Blackwell, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17883.
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NoThis chapter seeks to clarify the definition of trust and its conceptualization specifically at the team or workgroup level, as well as discussing the similarities and differences between interpersonal and team level trust. Research on interpersonal trust has shown that individual perceptions of others trustworthiness and their willingness to engage in trusting behavior when interacting with them are largely history‐dependent processes. Thus, trust between two or more interdependent individuals develops as a function of their cumulative interaction. The chapter describes a multilevel framework with individual, team and organizational level determinants and outcomes of team trust. It aims to clarify core variables and processes underlying team trust and to develop a better understanding of how these phenomena operate in a system involving the individual team members, the team self and the organizational contexts in which the team operates. The chapter concludes by reviewing and proposing a number of directions for future research and future‐oriented methodological recommendations.
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Bunch, Jacinda Lea. "Rapid response systems : evaluation of program context, mechanism, and outcome factors." Diss., University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1558.
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Prevention of in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) is critical to reducing morbidity and mortality as both the rates of return to pre-hospital functional status and overall survival after IHCAs are low. Early identification of patients at risk and prompt clinical intervention are vital patient safety strategies to reduce IHCA. One widespread strategy is the Rapid Response System (RRS), which incorporates early risk identification, expert consultation, and key clinical interventions to bedside nurses caring for patients in clinical deterioration. However, evidence of RRS effectiveness has been equivocal in the patient safety literature.
This study utilized a holistic Realistic Evaluation (RE) framework to identify important clinical environment (context) and system triggers (mechanisms) to refine our understanding of an RRS to improve local patient emoutcomesem and develop a foundation for building the next level of evidence within RE research. The specific aims of the study are to describe a RRS through context, mechanism, and outcome variables; explore differences in RRS outcomes between medical and surgical settings, and identify relationships between RRS context and mechanism variables for patient outcomes.
Study RRS data was collected retrospectively from a 397-bed community hospital in the Midwest; including all adult inpatient RRS events from May 2006 (2 weeks post-RRS implementation) through November 2013. RRS events were analyzed through descriptive, comparative, and proportional odds (ordinal) logistic regression analyses.
The study found the majority of adult inpatient RRS events occurred in medical settings and most were activated by staff nurses. Significant differences were noted between RRS events in medical and surgical settings; including patient status changes in the preceding 12 hours, event trigger patterns, and immediate clinical outcomes. Finally, proportional odds logistic regression revealed significant relationships between context and mechanism factors with changes in the risk of increased clinical severity immediately following at RRS event. RE was utilized to structure a preliminary study to explore the complex variables and relationships surrounding RRSs and patient outcomes. Further exploration of settings, changes in clinical status, staffing and resource access, and the ways nurses use RRSs is necessary to promote the early identification of vulnerable patients and strengthen hospital patient safety strategies.
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Taylor-Jackson, Estella. "A secondary cooperative team teaching developmental model content validation study." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1986. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/1803.
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Sane, Juha. "Maxillofacial and dental injuries in contact team sports." Helsinki : Käpylä Print Oy, 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/19274356.html.
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Händel, Ludwig. "Microservices in the context of a fast-growing company." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-281701.
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During the last decade, there has been a progressive shift towards a more modularized and distributive way of developing software to faster react to the changing environment, with the use of Microservices. This has forced companies to adjust their software organization in order to utilize the full capabilities of microservices. However, this process is no easy task. The way teams are formed, their size, communication methods, and the level of freedom they have to innovate can highly impact the code produced. Furthermore, there is, however, during the time of this research, still very limited qualitative research on how the companies work with autonomy and how this affects the transferring of knowledge within the company. Therefore, the purpose of this study was from an industrial perspective to investigate how fast-growing companies work with microservices on an organizational level and how team autonomy affects knowledge sharing within the organization. In order to achieve this purpose a multi-case study was conducted across 9 different companies. The result shows that companies are trying to achieve as much team autonomy as possible by forming self-manage cross-functional teams. However, autonomy needs to be balanced with the challenges that arise from growing fast. This can force the company to move to a functional team. In order to compensate for this lack of natural communication as well as improve knowledge sharing, in general, the participating companies had implemented several activities. The weekly session was one type of activity that was frequently used among companies.Under det senaste decenniet har det skett ett progressiv skift mot ett mer modulariserat och distribuerande sätt att utveckla mjukvara för att snabbare reagera på den förändrade miljön med hjälp av Microservices. Detta har tvingat företag att anpassa sin mjukvaruorganisation för att utnyttja de fulla kapaciteten för mikroservicen. Men denna process är ingen enkel uppgift. Hur team bildas, deras storlek, kommunikationsmetoder och den frihet teamen har kan starkt påverka koden de producerar. Dessutom finns det, under tiden för detta arbete, fortfarande mycket begränsad kvalitativ forskning om hur företagen arbetar med självständiga team och hur detta påverkar kunskapsöverföring inom företaget. Därför var syftet med denna studie från ett industriellt perspektiv att undersöka hur snabbväxande företag arbetar med mikroservices på organisatorisk nivå och hur självständiga team påverkar kunskapsdelning inom organisationen. För att uppnå detta syfte genomfördes en fler-fallstudie med nio olika företag. Resultatet visar att företag försöker uppnå så självständiga team som möjligt genom att bilda självstyrande tvärfunktionella team. Självständigeten måste dock balanseras med de utmaningar som uppstår av att växa snabbt. Detta kan tvinga företaget att flytta till ett funktionellt team. För att kompensera för denna brist på naturlig kommunikation och förbättra kunskapsdelningen hade de deltagande företagen i allmänhet genomfört flera aktiviteter. Veckosessionen var en typ av aktivitet som ofta användes bland företagen.
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Piek, Hannelise. "Effect of Rooibos preparation on the total polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of herbal tea and its consumer characteristics." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2476.
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Thesis (MTech (Consumer Science: Food and Nutrition))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.Background: The different types and forms of rooibos and the ways in which it is prepared and flavoured for consumption influences its total polyphenol content and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and hence depends on its consumer practices. Design: Phase 1 of the study entailed the selection and preparation of different rooibos types and forms; rooibos brewed for different times; and with different household and commercially added flavourings to determine the total polyphenol content, TAC, flavonol and flavanol content; and subsequent identification of the optimal cup of rooibos based on the first two biochemical parameters. For Phase 2 a questionnaire was used to obtain information on the profile of the adult rooibos herbal tea consumer, as well as of those consuming the optimal cup of rooibos. Results: The following prepared rooibos samples delivered the higher biochemical parameter content: green / unfermented (type representative); green / unfermented leaves and powdered extract (form representatives); that brewed for 10 minutes or longer; and those with added honey. The optimal cup of rooibos was identified as the one brewed for 10 minutes or longer. The older respondents and those with a lower level of education consumed a higher daily amount of rooibos (p < 0.05) and those who brewed rooibos in a teapot consumed the optimal cup (p < 0.05). However, very few respondents consumed the advised number of cups per day (< 1%) and the identified optimal cup (15.9%). Conclusions: Rooibos consumers in this study did not consume it in sufficient amounts and did not brew it for long enough to fully gain from its attributed health benefits.
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Nutt, Katherine Marie. "Clinical psychologists' narratives of relatedness within a multi-disciplinary team context." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/17186.
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The focus of this study was to explore how Clinical Psychologists narrate their experience of relatedness within a multi-disciplinary team. Mental health services in the UK are facing increased financial pressure and a necessity for all professionals to justify their role. In this context value often appears to be placed on the cheapest way of providing individual, independent care for clients rather than on the relational value of job satisfaction, joint working and therapeutic relationships. The aim of this study was to explore the experience of Clinical Psychologists and through this contribute to thinking around collaborative and interdisciplinary working. This study was guided by eight individual semi-structured interviews which were conducted with Clinical Psychologists who work in Multi-Disciplinary working age adult Community Mental Health Teams and explored using Narrative Analysis. The participants consisted of seven females and one male who had been qualified between three and fifteen years and were working at various pay bands between 7 and 8c. Four relational narratives were found. These were connections to the self of the psychologist, connections to clients, connections with colleagues and connections with the system. The first relational aspect was how the Clinical Psychologists in this study storied their ability to remain connected to their own humanity and their personal values within the context of their Multi-Disciplinary Teams. The second level involved the stories about relationships and connections with clients, particularly thinking about the perceived impact and consequences of the other relational levels for the clients and their safety. The third relational aspect was the stories that Clinical Psychologists told about their sense of relatedness to their colleagues within their teams and the importance of having time available for this. Finally, the fourth level, which was evident within all the other relationships, was of the impact of the wider system and context. These stories emerged from the analysis process with the understanding that the interviews were co-constructed and represented multiple voices. This study confirmed that despite a history of both research and legislation highlighting the benefits and values of inter-professional working and compassion the reality remains elusive. To achieve these aims there needs to be a shift in focus from short-term planning evaluating efficiency in relation only to perceived financial value, to thinking more widely and long-term about relational value. There is a need for investment and recognition of the aspects of team working that are less easy to quantify financially. Further research could explore the experience of other professional groups within CMHTs, and other MDTs, and of clients. This would give a voice to individuals who did not have an explicit voice in this research.
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Tresidder, Anna Foucek. "The Institutional Context that Supports Team-Based Care for Older Adults." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1517.
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The aging population in the U.S. is dramatically increasing; it is predicted that not only will individuals live longer but also that they will live with multiple chronic diseases that could require high levels of medical and social resources. While the aging population increases, the number of health care providers choosing to specialize in caring for the elderly is decreasing just as dramatically. Teams are believed to be a possible response to more efficiently use the providers available, take advantage of alternative provider types, and integrate a range of health and social services to meet patient needs more effectively. Interdisciplinary teams are the best practice in the care of older adults, who require both medical and social services. However, maintaining functional collaborative teams has been an ever-present challenge to health and social care organizations. Research has found that institutional support is critical for teams to benefit patients and organizations alike.
This study examined the role of institutional context in supporting interdisciplinary teams (IDT) in the care of older adults through interviews of the management and staff of the Program for All-Inclusive Care of the Elderly (PACE) in six states. PACE organizations must commit to an interdisciplinary model of care consisting of 11 different disciplines from across the professional spectrum. The research question posed for this study was: What elements of institutional context support the use of interdisciplinary teams in the care of older adults? Due to the standardized team structure used, PACE was selected as the model to see how institutions at macro and micro levels support the work done by PACE teams and possibly highlight where support is still lacking. A case study approach drawing upon qualitative methods was used to examine policy-regulative, cultural-cognitive, normative, relational, and procedural elements of institutional context and the extent to which they support collaborative teamwork. Thirty-two interviews were conducted with administrators and team members from seven PACE programs across the country. For these PACE programs, five elements and 14 categories of support were identified by the interviewees. Policy and regulatory elements constrain and systematize behavior. PACE IDT experience these constraints and systems through regulatory body practices, resource allocation, and quality measurement. Cultural-cognitive elements mediate between an IDT's external environmrder to make sense of what is happening. PACE IDTs create meaning through their interactions with their external environments through interdependence, demographic characteristics, and organizational structure. Normative findings constrain behavior and confer the rights and duties of IDT members, which arise from organizational mission and values, leadership, and professient and the response of the IDT in oonal boundaries. Relational elements emphasize relationships among IDT members and team interaction with the organization's environment. Social constructs within the team affect role definition and communication, which support IDT practice. Procedural support standardizes practices to maintain highly functional teams. In order to support IDT practice, PACE organizations highlighted recruitment and retention, time and space, and training and education as the primary ways to support IDTs. These categories illustrate the complexity of supporting teams and actualizing teamwork in practice. These findings suggest that PACE is succeeding in supporting the IDT model and provides lessons for other organizations that wish to do the same.
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Marini, Brent A. "A content analysis of Chicago Cubs and White Sox local news coverage during the 2004 and 2008 major league baseball seasons." Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2009. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/708.
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Axelsson, Anton. "Context : The abstract term for the concrete." Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för visuell information och interaktion, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-292806.
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This thesis deals with the term 'context' and the aim has been to reason about the term in order to see whether it is possible to reach a satisfactory understanding of the concept. But the thesis is also a journey into human reasoning and conveys a certain view of human cognition. It aims to synthesise results of studies within psychology, cognitive science, anthropology, and human-computer interaction. My understanding is that context is not something we are a part of, but rather something we create mentally in relation a specific goal. Determination of something ambiguous thus comes from top-down processes related to a goal. I believe context has been wrongly interpreted in HCI as that which a user is situated in and which a product is being used in. I suggest instead a separation between the user environment and the user context.
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Assudani, Rashmi H. "Creating knowledge in a geographically dispersed context : process and moderating variables." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85878.
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Increasingly, knowledge-based tasks such as new product development and market research are being conducted by geographically dispersed teams. Early evidence from knowledge-based view of the firm and geographically dispersed work literatures suggests that at least four kinds of knowledge gaps---transactive memory system, mutual knowledge, categorization and situated knowledge---exist because of the (dispersed) structure of the knowledge management context . Dispersed members therefore cannot take for granted that they have a common context, making dispersed collaboration problematic.The dissertation - a qualitative, theory-generating exercise - seeks to address the question, 'how do dispersed teams collaborate to create useful knowledge?' Specifically, the research question examines the integral elements of the knowledge creation process, the negotiation of knowledge gaps for co-creating a common context, and the association between the negotiation of these gaps with the efficiency of the knowledge creation process, effectiveness of new knowledge created, and cohesion in the team. This research has been conducted in two phases - an exploratory ethnographic study followed by a replication study.
Analysis of the data instead directed my attention to the critical role of moderating variables such as degree of familiarity among dispersed team members, degree of redundancy of knowledge structures among them and the nature of task on the perceived presence or absence of gaps. These findings clarify the literature by differentiating between the structure and the properties of the knowledge management context and therefore develop a more comprehensive model of these moderating variables that have the potential to affect the dispersed knowledge creation process. Specifically, the findings demonstrate that degree of redundancy is positively associated with the efficiency of the knowledge creation process. These studies also suggest that dispersed collaboration may be less different from collocated collaboration than previously thought. Finally, these studies contribute to the dispersed work literature by suggesting that all kinds of dispersed work are not alike and face-to-face meetings may not be necessary for all types of dispersed work.
These findings are used to develop a theory of dispersed knowledge work and have implications for determining whether and in what contexts geographic distance matters for conducting knowledge work. One implication is that perceptions of distance may be at least as important as the objective aspects of distance. Another implication is that whether geographic distance matters will actually depend upon the competitive strategy of the firm.
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Krepker, Nathalia. "Gestão pedagógica no contexto de uma escola pública na periferia de Juiz de Fora: desafios e possibilidades." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2018. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/6959.
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A presente dissertação analisa a gestão pedagógica, através da atuação da equipe gestora, em uma escola pública na periferia de Juiz Fora que apresenta resultados positivos no Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica (IDEB). A pesquisa parte da premissa de que a gestão escolar, sobretudo na dimensão pedagógica, é um dos elementos capazes de favorecer o êxito escolar a despeito da origem social dos alunos. O estudo em questão tem como referencial teórico as contribuições de Fernando Abrucio, José Francisco Soares, Pam Sammons, entre outros autores, filiados à matriz de análise e interpretação da escola denominada de “escolas eficazes”. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, baseada no estudo de caso, com a utilização dos seguintes instrumentos metodológicos: observação não participante, questionário e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os resultados mostram que a liderança pedagógica exercida pela coordenadora, o acompanhamento do trabalho docente e o Laboratório de Aprendizagem podem ser considerados os principais aspectos que contribuíram para o sucesso da gestão pedagógica na escola investigada. Contudo, as reuniões pedagógicas burocratizadas e a falta de estratégias coletivas que possam minimizar os impactos negativos do contexto na aprendizagem dos alunos são alguns dos desafios a serem enfrentados pelo grupo gestor. Nesta perspectiva, considerando a relevância do tema, a pesquisa buscou contribuir para o fortalecimento do debate sobre a centralidade da dimensão pedagógica na gestão escolar e auxiliar os gestores a refletirem sobre como suas ações podem colaborar na melhoria dos processos educativos, num contexto social adverso.
The present dissertation analyzes the pedagogical management, through the performance of the management team, in a public school in the outskirts of Juiz Fora that presents positive results in the Basic Education Development Index (IDEB). The research is based on the premise that school management, especially in the pedagogical dimension, is one of the elements capable of promoting school success despite the social origin of the students. The study in question has had as theoretical reference the contributions of Fernando Abrucio, José Francisco Soares, Pam Sammons, among other authors, affiliated to the matrix of analysis and interpretation of the school called "effective schools". This is a qualitative research, based on the case study, using the following methodological tools: non-participant observation, questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. The results have shown that the pedagogical leadership exercised by the coordinator, the monitoring of the teaching work and the Learning Laboratory can be considered the main aspects that contributed to the success of the pedagogical management in the investigated school. However, bureaucratic pedagogical meetings and the lack of collective strategies that can minimize the negative impacts of the context on the student learning are some of the challenges to be faced by the management group. In this perspective, considering the relevance of the topic, the research has sought to contribute to the strengthening of the debate on the centrality of the pedagogical dimension in school management and to help managers reflect on how their actions can contribute to the improvement of educational processes in an adverse social context.
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Narayan, Anupama. "Role of assigned team goals in the relationship between individual difference factors and self-set goals in a pre-team context." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1231536269.
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Rosborough, Julie. "Team leadership and supervision : leadership roles in the context of changing work organisations." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266931.
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Hurst, Michael W. "Content analysis of transformational leadership competencies for virtual teams." Thesis, University of Phoenix, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3708853.
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The quantitative content analysis compared virtual team leadership styles as described in peer-reviewed journal literature from 2005 to 2010 through the lens of two online education textbooks, Transformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead (Avolio & Yammarino, 2002) and The Transformational Leader: The Key to Global Competitiveness (Tichy & DeVanna, 1990), which outline transformational leadership competencies. Bean’s (2008) observation regarding the lack of alignment between textbooks and literature are explored. Based upon two alternative hypothesis the content of the two textbooks and the literature showed significant differences, thus agreeing with Bean (2008). Research on virtual learning and virtual teamwork in the past century focused on acceptance and normalization. Online team meetings are an important aspect of industry and education; more than 13 million workers are involved in virtual project teams (Arnold, 2008). According to various literature authors, virtual team leadership might be a natural extension of the transformational leadership model. The four concepts, flexibility, interdependent, responsiveness, and identification are essential skills for effective virtual team leadership and noted in the textbooks on transformational leadership. The study used Catpac II™ software to code textbooks and peer-reviewed journal literature for comparison of textbooks to literature. Implications for training and practice are discussed. Transformational leadership competencies are outlined using the Five Factor model (Antonakis & House, 2002).
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Calitz, Magdalena Gertruide. "Guidelines for the training content of teacher support teams." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51783.
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Thesis (MEd)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Teacher support teams were established in South Africa as part of the strategy for handling the changing educational environment. These teams, without proper skills training, were established in various parts of South Africa. In the early phases of the research process, the need for the training of these newly established teams arose. Team members needed skills to execute the tasks expected of a Teacher Support Team effectively. There was no guide of which skills were in the greatest need of training, nor any guidelines concerning the most effective methods of training. The purpose of the present research is thus to compile a set of guidelines for the content of a skills training manual. A small section will be devoted to preferred methods of training. It must be emphasized that this research only provides guidelines for the compilation of such a training manual. The emphasis on guidelines is the result of different school, social and physical contexts, which influenced the needs of the Teacher Support Teams. As each team's needs concerning training content and method will differ according to their circumstances, so will their training manual. It is therefore not feasible to compile a set, skills training manual to suit everyone. Broad guidelines will thus be given in order for each team to compile their own training manual to suit their own training needs. The co-ordinator of the newly established Teacher Support Team may facilitate the compilation of such a training manual. A list of possible skills to increase the effectivity of the team was compiled from the available literature study. A detailed discussion of the respective skills has been done in the literature study. This discussion may be used for the compilation of action steps in the training of the skills. From the literature, a short discussion of the most effective training methods has also been done. Training methods, not the content of the skills to be trained, is the focus of this study. This is the reason for the very simplistic discussion oftraining methods. The research group consists of six different groups of Teacher Support Teams. The first group, a large group of 50 schools, did not react positively to the questionnaires sent to them. The second group consisted of spontaneously formed Support Teams while the third, fourth, and fifth groups were Teacher Support Teams, which were facilitated by a co-ordinator. The sixth group was a school management team of supportive nature. Skills in need of training and preferred training methods formed the focus of this current study. A list of needs to be trained was compared to the list of needs derived from the literature study. The skills which overlapped in the literature study and the research process, were indicated in the discussion of results. Most of the skills found in the literature study were also present in the needs analysis of the research group. Data from the literature study and from four of the five groups, which responded in the data collection process, preferred practical training methods to theoretical methods. In the empirical study the different groups forming the research group also preferred small group training to mass training. Training and implementation of Teacher Support Teams should be done on a personalized and individualized base, as the context and needs of each school or community differ. In conclusion it should be again stressed that this study only provides broad guidelines for the compilation of a training manual. This is not a training manual to be used without any adaptations. It only provides the rational of skills to be trained and some ideas on the possible skills to be trained, the content of this training and preferred training methods.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Onderwyser Ondersteunings Spanne is in Suid Afrika bekendgestel as deel van 'n strategie om die veranderende onderwys siseem te hanteer. Hierdie spanne is in verskeie dele van Suid Afrika geïmplimenteer, sonder enige vaardigheidsopleiding. 'n Behoefte aan die opleiding van hierdie spanne het reeds vroeg in die navorsingsproses geblyk. Spanlede het vaardighede benodig om hul taak effektief te verrig. Daar is geen riglyne oor watter vaardighede benodig word, die inhoud daarvan en die wyse waarvolgens opleiding moet geskied, beskikbaar nie. Die doel van die huidige navorsing is dus die samestelling van 'n stel riglyne vir die inhoud van 'n vaardighede opleidings handleiding. Daar salook 'n klein gedeelte afgestaan word aan metodes van opleiding. Dit moet beklemtoon word dat hierdie navorsing slegs riglyne verskaf vir die samestelling van 'n opleidingshandleiding. Die klem op slegs riglyne is die gevolg van die invloed wat verskillende kontekste en sosiale- en fisiese omgewings op die aard en behoeftes van die Onderwyser Ondersteunings Span het. Elke span se verskillende opleidings behoeftes lei tot 'n verskil in hulopleidings handleiding. Dit is daarom nie aangewese om 'n vaste handleiding vir almal se gebruik saam te stel nie. Breë riglyne word dus daar gestel sodat elke Onderwyser Ondersteunings Span sy eie handleiding kan saamstel. Die saamstelling van so 'n handleiding kan deur die koordineerder van die span gefasiliteer word. 'n Lys van moontlike vaardighede om in 'n handleiding te vervat, is saamgestel uit die literatuur. Elke vaardigheid is in detail bespreek. Hierdie besprekings kan gebruik word in die samestelling van aksiestappe in vaardigheids opleiding. Uit die literatuur is a kort bespreking van die mees gevraagde opleidingsmetodes ook saamgestel. Opleidings metodes is egter nie die fokus van hierdie studie nie. Dit is die rede vir die baie simplistiese bespreking van opleidingsmetodes. Die navorsmgsgroep bestaan uit ses verskillende groepe Onderwyser Ondersteunings Spanne. Die eerste groep het bestaan uit 50 skole wat nie positief op die vraelyste gereageer het nie. Die tweede groep is spontaan gevormde Ondersteunings Spanne. Die derde, vierde, en vyfde groepe is Onderwyser Ondersteunings Spanne wat deur 'n fasiliteerder gekoordineer word. Die sesde groep is 'n skool bestuurspan met 'n ondersteunende karakter. Die noodsaak van vaardigheidsopleiding en die vaardighede wat opgelei moet word is die fokus van die huidige studie. 'n Lys van behoeftes vir opleiding is vergelyk met behoeftes uit die literatuur studie. Die vaardighede wat tussen die literatuurstudie en die navorsingsproses oorvleuel, is aangedui in die uiteensetting van die bevindinge. Die meeste van die vaardighede uit die literatuurstudie oorvleuel met dié uit empiriese navorsmg. Inligting uit die literatuurstudie en die navorsingsproses het gewys op die voorkeur van praktiese opleidingsmetodes bo teoretiese opleiding. Die navorsingsproses het ook 'n voorkeur vir kleingroep opleiding bo massa opleiding aangedui. Opleiding en implementering van Onderwyser Ondersteunings Spanne moet op 'n persoonlike en geïndividualiseerde basis geskied aangesien skole en sosiale kontekste verskil. Ter afsluiting moet dit weer eens beklemtoon word dat hierdie slegs breë riglyne is vir die samestelling van 'n opleidingshandleiding. Hierdie is dus nie per sy 'n opleidingshandleiding wat sonder enige aanpassings gebruik kan word nie. Dit verskaf slegs die rasionaal van vaardighede wat opgelei moet word. Dit verskaf ook idees aangaande die vaardighede wat opgelei moet word, die inhoud van hierdie opleiding en die gewildste opleidingsmetodes.
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Allen, Megan. "Twitter usage by professional sports teams: A content analysis." Scholarly Commons, 2015. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/199.
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Twitter has become a foremost public relations tool due to its capacity to facilitate two-way communication; however research suggests few organizations are using it effectively to engage in conversation with their customers (Rybalko & Seltzer, 2010; Briones, Kuch, Liu, & Jin, 2011; Lovejoy, Waters, & Saxon, 2012; Waters & Jamal, 2011). Using Grunig and Hunt's (1984) models of public relations and uses and gratifications theory (Katz, Blumler, & Gurevitch, 1974) as the guiding framework, this study examines how teams in the National Hockey League (NHL) communicate with fans on Twitter. The study used a content analysis and coded 815 team tweets into one of five content themes based on the fan gratification being met. Findings revealed that teams are most likely to meet fans' information needs and use models of press agentry and public information, despite the opportunity for conversation and relationship building Twitter provides. The results indicate there is a lack of two-way conversation being facilitated by NHL teams to build relationships with fans. The results of this study will inform sports teams, as well as other organizations, on current and future communication strategies on social media.
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Wilson, Shana M. "The Relationship between Superstitious Behaviors of Sports Fans, Team Identification, Team Location, and Game Outcome." TopSCHOLAR®, 2011. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1056.
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The present study examined how a fan's desire to participate in superstitious behaviors depends on team identification, team location, and game outcome. The study is a 2 (team identification: high vs. low) x 2 (game outcome: close game vs. blowout) x 2 (location of team: local vs. distant) between subjects factorial design. Participants for the current study included 234 students, recruited from undergraduate psychology classes at Western Kentucky University. Participants completed the Sport Spectator Identification Scale, read a randomly assigned vignette differing in team location and game outcome, and filled out the Superstition Questionnaire to measure their desire to complete superstitious behaviors based on the vignette. They also filled out the Desirability of Control Scale, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales to account for the possible covariates of desirability of control and anxiety level. An analysis of the covariates showed that there were no significant correlations between desirability of control or anxiety level and the desire to complete superstitious behaviors. Results indicated that highly identified fans reported wanting to perform more superstitious behaviors than low identified fans. However, no main effect was found for game outcome or team location, and there were no interactions. This finding reiterated the importance of team identification and its effects on the fan. The study also brought new variables to the table, game type and team type, that could be used in future research.
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Stewart, Robert Carl. "Team Member Selection Strategies." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4178.
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Business teams have been losing millions of dollars every year in cost and schedule over-runs from incomplete or failed projects. The purpose of this single case study was to explore the strategies that business managers use to determine team fit when selecting employees for assignment to cross-functional project teams. The participants for this study were 3 senior management personnel and a 6-member employee focus group, all from midsized, nonprofit organizations located within 200 miles of the tri-state region of Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia. The conceptual framework for this study was Werbel and Gilliland's theory of person-group fit, McCrae's and John's 5-factor model of personality, and Tuckman's theory of personality and group behaviors. Data collection was a triangulation of data from 3 sources: 3 semistructured interviews, a 6-member focus group, and a review of organizational documents. A manual thematic data analysis following the basic principles of Yin's 5-step data analysis process was first used to analyze the data, followed by a second analysis using a qualitative data analysis application. Three primary themes emerged from the data: the use of personality traits, the use of skills or job experience, and the importance of diversity were all evident as factors relating to team member selection strategies. A 4th emergent theme was leadership. The leadership theme was important in creating a positive team environment during the team implementation stage. One of the primary implications of social change could be a reduction in social biases and prejudices. As business managers and other employees learn to accept diversity among team members, they may carry these new social attitudes further into their personal lives.
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Stables, Gloria Jean. "Effects of one method of intensive nutrition counseling on short term and long term sodium ingestion." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45195.
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A nutrition counseling method incorporating an intensive individualized low sodium diet instruction, a multidisciplinary team (physician, nurse, registered dietitian) effort, and immediate feedback on the level of sodium excreted in two 24-hour urine collections, with no nutrition follow-up counseling was carried out in 10 relatively young hypertensive subjects. Sodium intake was assessed via two 24-hour urine collections at baseline, during instruction phase, and at a 15 month follow-up phase.
The findings of this study showed a significant reduction in sodium excretion during the nutrition counseling phase. The 24-hour urinary sodium excretion was reduced from a mean baseline excretion of 151 mEq to a mean excretion of 28 mEq during the intensive counseling phase. During the follow-up phase with no nutrition counseling the subject’s mean sodium excretion levels rose significantly to 127 mEq per 24 hours, however not to baseline levels. An overall reduction was noted from the mean baseline sodium excretion level of 151 mEq per 24 hours to the mean follow-up phase sodium excretion level of 127 mEq per 24 hours, but this reduction was not statistically significant.Master of Science
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Amelung, Christopher J. "A context-aware notification framework for developers of computer supported collaborative environments." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4127.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (May 23, 2006) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Jay, Oliver Edward. "Short-term fingertip contact with cold materials." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2002. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/33785.
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Typically, industry workers are exposed to, and may touch, either accidentally or intentionally, many surfaces of different materials (e g machine parts, walls etc.) For environments containing hot surfaces, standards are available to determine the temperature limits for these surfaces in order to minimise safety risks (skin bums, EN 563 1994). However, no such standard is available for cold surfaces and for those working in such a cold environment, accidental skin contact exposure and the resultant skin cooling could pose a health and safety risk in terms of discomfort, pain, numbness and skin damage Data was collected for the derivation of a cold surfaces safety standard (European Union project SMT4-CT97-2149), providing a relation between material type, surface temperature and risk of pain and frostbite for the index fingertip of the non-dominant hand, the overall aim being to use the data to develop a predictive model of fingertip contact cooling allowing the prediction for various materials, temperatures and body thermal states within and outside the actual tested ranges.
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Sariri-Khayatzadeh, Reyhaneh. "Tear protein interaction with hydrogel contact lenses." Thesis, Aston University, 1995. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/9747/.
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The design and synthesis of biomaterials covers a growing number of biomedical applications. The use of biomaterials in biological environment is associated with a number of problems, the most important of which is biocompatabUity. If the implanted biomaterial is not compatible with the environment, it will be rejected by the biological site. This may be manifested in many ways depending on the environment in which it is used. Adsorption of proteins takes place almost instantaneously when a biomaterial comes into contact with most biological fluids. The eye is a unique body site for the study of protein interactions with biomaterials, because of its ease of access and deceptive complexity of the tears. The use of contact lenses for either vision correction and cosmetic reasons or as a route for the controlled drug delivery, has significantly increased in recent years. It is relatively easy to introduce a contact lens Into the tear fluid and remove after a few minutes without surgery or trauma to the patient. A range of analytical techniques were used and developed to measure the proteins absorbed to some existing commercial contact lens materials and also to novel hydrogels synthesised within the research group. Analysis of the identity and quantity of proteins absorbed to biomaterials revealed the importance of many factors on the absorption process. The effect of biomaterial structure, protein nature in terms of size. shape and charge and pH of the environment on the absorption process were examined in order to determine the relative up-take of tear proteins. This study showed that both lysozyme and lactoferrin penetrate the lens matrix of ionic materials. Measurement of the mobility and activity of the protein deposited into the surface and within the matrix of ionic lens materials demonstrated that the mobility is pH dependent and, within the experimental errors, the biological activity of lysozyme remained unchanged after adsorption and desorption. The study on the effect of different monomers copolymerised with hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) on the protein up-take showed that monomers producing a positive charge on the copolymer can reduce the spoilation with lysozyme. The studies were extended to real cases in order to compare the patient dependent factors. The in-vivo studies showed that the spoilation is patient dependent as well as other factors. Studies on the extrinsic factors such as dye used in colour lenses showed that the addition of colourant affects protein absorption and, in one case, its effect is beneficial to the wearer as it reduces the quantity of the protein absorbed.
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Peach, Helena C. "The tear film and contact lens wear." Thesis, Aston University, 2003. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/9651/.
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Contact lenses have become a popular method of vision correction for millions of people globally. As with all devices designed for use within the body, interactions occur between the implanted material and the surrounding biological fluid. A common complaint of lens wearers is that they often experience symptoms of dry eye whilst wearing lenses. This sensation is often heightened towards the end of the day. Through the course of this study, various analytical techniques have been utilised including one dimensional electrophoresis and Western Blotting to study the protein profiles of tear samples. By studying the tears of non-contact lens wearers, it was possible to analyse what could be considered normal, healthy, individuals. A clinical study was also undertaken which followed a population of individuals from the neophyte stage to one whereby they were accustomed lens wearers. Tears were monitored at regular intervals throughout the course of this study and worn contact lenses were also analysed for proteins that had been deposited both on and within the lens. Contact lenses disrupt the tear film in a physical manner by their very presence. They are also thought to cause the normal protein profile to deviate from what would be considered normal. The tear film deposits proteins and lipids onto and within the lens. The lens may therefore be depriving the tear film of certain necessary components. The ultimate aim of this thesis was to discover how, and to what extent, lenses affected tear proteins and if there were any proteins in the tear fluid that had the potential to be used as biochemical markers. Should this be achievable it may be possible to identify those individuals who were more likely to become intolerant lens wearers. This study followed the changes taking place to the tear film as an effect of wearing contact lenses. Twenty-eight patients wore two different types of silicone hydrogel lenses in both a daily wear and a continuous wear regime. The tear protein profiles of the lens-wearers were compared with a control group of non-lens wearing individuals. The considerable amount of data that was generated enabled the clearly observable changes to the four main tear proteins to be monitored.
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Demery, Varin Melissa. "Modeling the Predictors of Nurses’ Research Use in Canadian Long-Term Care Homes." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38073.
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Factors affecting the use of research evidence by nurses in long-term care (LTC) settings are largely unknown. In this thesis nurses referred to registered nurses (RNs) and licensed practical nurses (LPNs). A secondary analysis of data (n=756 nurses) from the Translating Research in Elder Care program was performed to construct Generalized Estimating Equation models of the predictors of nurses' self-reported instrumental, conceptual and persuasive research use. Positive attitudes towards research and better access to structural and electronic resources predicted all three kinds of research use. Additional statistically significant predictors suggest that individual variables play a more prominent role than contextual variables in predicting conceptual and persuasive use of research evidence, while instrumental research use is predicted equally by individual and organizational variables.
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Choudrie, Jyoti. "Investigating reengineering teams in the context of business process change." Thesis, Brunel University, 2000. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5145.
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This research is concerned with investigating reengineering teams in the context of business process change, or more widely known, business process reengineering (BPR). Business Process Change, on the one hand, is still considered as being an approach that is required in recent times. Reengineering teams (teams that are involved with the planning, analysis and design of the approach) on the other hand, have been viewed to be essential for the development and implementation of BPR. Bearing these points in mind, it was discovered that although the reengineering teams area warrants attention, there has been little attention paid to it. In the reengineering area, specifically, this research aims to address two main issues: first, the role of reengineering teams in business process change and second, the human and organisational aspects that surround the teams. For this, the research applied several steps and they are described in the following paragraphs. To discover the role of the reengineering teams in the context of business process change, it was initially assumed that the foundations of the BPR lie in organisational change. Using this assumption, it became simpler and clearer to determine the exact role of teams. With regards to the human and organisational aspects, a strategy unique to the topic was adopted. At the outset, some human and organisational aspects that are more commonly found in the organisational behaviour and psychology areas were revealed and research with regards to these particular aspects was described. Whilst that was the theoretical side of the research, the research then had to determine whether the deductions formed from the theoretical side were evident in practice. For the empirical results, the research used a combination of approaches in order to obtain the desired results. A qualitative approach that has its foundations in Interpretivism was the methodology used in the research. The ontology assumed then that subjective meanings could be assumed to reconstruct reality. Evidence from practice was obtained using initially, two pilot studies. Further, a multiple case study strategy and the research techniques of mainly, interviews and referring to archival documents were utilised. Once the data was analysed, a theory that could be used for future research in the reengineering teams area was developed. This was arrived at using a combination of certain grounded theory techniques, particularly, the forming of categories and coding. The findings suggested that reengineering teams are imperative for BPR and that some of the selected human and organisational aspects are evident in the newly formed theory.
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Takane, Mpeli Alice. "Context dependence of Physics students' responses to the term "radiation"." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13299.
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Includes bibliographical references.For the public to be able to participate meaningfully in debates regarding issues that are related to science and technology it is important that they are properly informed and that their sources of information are reliable. One source of such information are university science students and it is therefore interesting to find out what their views are regarding various scientific concepts. For example such an area of interest is that of using nuclear power for electricity generation, in particular the dangers associated with radiation. A reasonably correct view of radiation would be seen as an important part of having a meaningful debate. The present study aims to find out the views that a group of university students who are studying physics hold about radiation, in particular their immediate response to being asked to clarify what the term radiation means. However, the notion that students simply have conceptions that are unitary and static has been challenged by several Physics Education Researchers. Instead a view summarised as “knowledge in pieces” has been proposed in which it is suggested that much smaller units of ideas are brought together dynamically depending on the situation at hand and that context plays an important role in how students respond to questions. Thus, the thesis explores to what extent context plays a role in their responses by preceding the question with four different scenarios which are suggested as the contexts in which the question is being asked. In summary, the guiding questions for the present work are: (1) What do students understand by the term radiation and (2) To what extent do student response patterns depend on “textual priming”. The thesis is divided into two parts (1) a pilot study in which the methodology is established and (2) a follow up study (main study) in which the effect of textual priming on the responses is explored.
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Hale, Patricia. "Manager Training: Professional Development Content for New and Newly Promoted Managers." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1461322913.
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Al, Wahaibi Mahmood Ali Khalfan. "Investigating three aspects of corporate finance within the context of GCC markets." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/14479.
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This thesis investigates three aspects of corporate finance, namely the determinants of firm’s long term investment represented by the net capital expenditures, the determinants of firm’s short term investment represented by working capital requirements and the capital budgeting practices - all within the context of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) markets. Despite the importance of these interrelated topics to decision makers and despite the great emphasis given to teach them in universities, few researchers investigated the determinants of both long and short term investments and out of those, most focused on developed markets. Moreover, almost all the existing studies investigated these determinants at the firm level with little evidence about macroeconomic factors. Besides, none have provided a comprehensive investigation of capital budgeting practices from a single market whether developed or emerging. Hence, this thesis completed three independent investigations. The first and second investigation presented in chapters three and four respectively, explores three categories of factors that are found in the existing literature, or predicted by this thesis to be associated with firm’s long and short term investments. These first two investigations utilize a pooled OLS regression for a panel data set covering the period from 2000 to 2014. Furthermore, the third investigation presented in chapter five explores a wide set of capital budgeting practices from a single frontier market within the GCC. Precisely, the investigation covers the development, the selection and the post completion stage of capital budgeting. It also, explores factors that are found in the existing literature or predicted by this thesis to influence the use of such practices. This investigation utilizes a survey questionnaire containing 23 questions to gather the required data. Finally, this thesis makes various contributions to the corporate finance literature. Specifically, chapter three and four extend the existing literature on the determinants of firm’s long and short term investments by examining it in the context of new emerging markets namely the GCC markets. Beside, revealing the positive effect of macroeconomic factors on firm’s investments. Chapter five extends the existing literature on capital budgeting practices by investigating three stages of these practices from the Omani market. Additionally, it provides new evidence related to the significant relation between capital budgeting practices and new firms characteristics.
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Doan, Minh-Phuoc. "Work team building and planning problem : Models and experiments in the service-to-business context." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI060.
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Les sociétés de services aux entreprises constituent des équipes de travail avec leurs agents et organisent leur planning pour satisfaire les demandes clients. De multiples contraintes doivent être respectées, et plusieurs critères de performance économique et sociale doivent être atteints. Une méthode d'aide à la décision multicritère devient ainsi indispensable, particulièrement dans un contexte de demande variable. Une caractérisation du problème générique sous forme de diagramme de classes, contenant toutes les caractéristiques des clients, demandes, agents, itinéraires, et véhicules, nous permet d’identifier des variantes du problème dans le contexte de service aux entreprises comme dans celui de service à la personne. Nous avons investigué deux variantes s'inspirant d’un problème réel d’une entreprise brésilienne de service aux entreprises, dans des contextes de demandes stable et variable. Par une revue de la littérature, nous identifions des leviers organisationnels potentiels pour accroître la flexibilité des agents, et des approches de modélisation et de résolution appropriées. Nous utilisons la programmation linéaire à variables mixtes. Dans le contexte de demande stable, nous cherchons le compromis entre coûts et temps de trajet domicile-travail des agents dans une approche à deux niveaux : une planification hebdomadaire cyclique pour les nouveaux clients assurant la stabilité d'affectation sur un long terme et, à une fréquence donnée, une re-planification pour tous les clients actifs permettant une optimisation globale. Lorsque les demandes sont variables, nous optimisons les coûts de déplacement, l’équité de la charge de travail entre agents, et leur préférence pour les périodes de travail. La planification étant créée pour un horizon court sans répétitivité, l’ajout de zones tampons entre des horizons consécutifs permet de relâcher leur dépendance ; dans cette variante, des leviers organisationnels, tels que des contrats de travail flexibles et la polyvalence des agents, sont également considérésSubcontracting companies organize their agents into work teams and create their work plans to fulfill clients’ demands. Multiple constraints have to be met, and several economic and social performance criteria have to be attained. Making a decision, satisfying all these conditions, becomes increasingly difficult, especially in a context of variable demand. A generic problem characterization in the form of a class diagram, containing all the characteristics of the clients, the demands, the agents, the travel routes, and the vehicles, allows us to identify a large number of variants of the problem in the service-to-business as well as service-to-individual contexts. Each variant corresponds to a combination of decision-making problems, demand variability, agents’ flexibility, and economic and social performance indicators. We study more deeply two variants, inspired by a real problem found in a Brazilian company in the service-to-business sector, with stable and variable demands. Through a literature review, we identify several potential organizational levers to increase the flexibility of agents, and appropriate modeling and resolution approaches. We use the multi-objective mixed integer linear programming method for the two variants. In the context of stable demand, we consider a compromise between the company’s travel costs and agents’ work trip duration in a two-level approach: cyclic weekly planning for new customers ensuring assignment stability for a long term and, at a given frequency, re-planning for all active clients, allowing global optimization. When the demand is variable, we consider the reconciliation between the travel costs, the workload balance between agents, and their preference satisfaction for work periods. As planning is made for each short horizon and without repetitiveness, the dependence of agents’ activities between consecutive horizons can be relaxed by adding buffer zones between them; in this variant, organizational levers, such as flexible work contracts and multi-skilled agents, are considered
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Alves, Josmary Karoline Demko. "Density in affective and instrumental ties: analyzing the contingencies of tie content on team performance." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/17824.
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Estruturas sociais influenciam a efetividade dos grupos. O propósito deste estudo é explorar os efeitos contingenciais dessa relação por meio da investigação da densidade em diferentes redes na performance das equipes. Hipotetizou-se, primeiramente, o efeito oposto para densidade instrumental e afetiva em performance das equipes; posteriormente, argumenta-se que interdependência das tarefas e a orientação de distância de poder agem como moderadores. Para testar as hipóteses, foram utilizadas informações de questionários coletados de 27 Unidades de Pronto Atendimento (UPA) e 106 grupos. O resultado encontrado suporta o efeito positivo de densidade instrumental e o impacto negativo da densidade afetiva. Além disso, provou-se que a interdependência de tarefas atenua ambas as relações diretas. Ao final, são discutidas as implicações destes resultados para pesquisa em densidade das redes e performance das equipes.
Social structures influence team effectiveness. The purpose of this study is to explore the contingencies effects of this relationship by investigating density in distinct network contents on team performance. We first hypothesized opposite direct effects for instrumental and affective density on team performance; then we further argue that task interdependence and power distance orientation act as moderators. To test our hypotheses we use survey data from 27 Emergency and Care Units and 106 teams. The results support the positive effect of instrumental density and the negative impact of affective density. Moreover, task interdependence was found to attenuate both main relationships. We discuss the implications of these findings for research on network density and team performance.
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Gokmen, Ahu. "Transactional and transformational leadership as an element of organizational context for team behavior and effectiveness." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1626.
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Glessner, Michael. "Effects of Long-Term Nitrogen Additions on Rapid Nitrate Immobilization in Forest Soils." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2005. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/GlessnerM2005.pdf.
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McClure, Kate Alexandra. "Tear Film Dynamics Associated with Contact Lens Wear." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1523579680091666.
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Shelley, James. "Investigating the Fluoride Content in Black and Green Tea." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1998.
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The tea plant, Camellia sinensis, is a fluoride (F) accumulator. Upon brewing, tea releases large amounts of F. Excessive amounts of F can cause dental fluorosis (DF) and skeletal fluorosis (SF). This study aims to determine the F levels in 4 brands of green tea and 4 brands of black tea. F was measured using an ion selective electrode (ISE) in 3 analyses: i) standard tea infusion, ii) infusion over time with spectrophotometric determination, and iii) microwave digestion. By considering the existing literature and the results of this study, the health risk associated with consuming these 8 brands of tea is evaluated.
In accordance with the literature, black tea infusions have significantly higher F than green tea infusions (p < 0.01). As the brew with the significantly highest F concentration (4.07 mg L-1 ), Tetley was chosen to demonstrate the relationship between infusion time and F concentration. As expected, both F concentration and absorbance increase with infusion time. The microwave digestion results are less conclusive. There is no significant difference between the dry mass of F (mg kg-1 ) in green and black tea. Across all samples, approximately 10-31% of the total F is released after 2 minutes of infusion.
These results suggest that chronic tea consumption could cause DF and SF. A cup of Tetley tea contains 0.81 mg of F. Only 7.4 or 2.2 cups of Tetley tea would need to be consumed by an adult or child, respectively, to exceed the daily upper limit at which symptoms of SF can arise. Considering the multiple other dietary fluoride sources and the increased susceptibility of children, F in tea should be more closely monitored.
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Guillon, Jean-Pierre Charles François. "Tear film structure of the contact lens wearer." Thesis, City University London, 1987. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/7955/.
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New techniques are proven in this thesis which allow the visual examination of the tear film on the cornea and on different types of contact lenses. The techniques are as follows: 1. A high magnification technique of photography using the biomicroscope and crossed polarised light, allows the measurement of tear film layer thicknesses and on the surface of rigid contact lenses and 'in vivo receding contact angle'. 2. A low magnification technique of photography allows the recording and the analysis of the superficial layers of the tear film over a wide area of the eye and contact lens surface. 3. A clinical instrument has been designed for the routine clinical observation of the tear film. It permits the visual measurement of the tear film break-up time (BUT) without the use of fluorescein. 4. A unique technique of in-vivo photography of the mucous coverage of the corneal epithelial surface and contact lens surfaces is presented. Such techniques improve the understanding of surface wettability problems. As a result of this work the appearance of the normal lipid layer of the pre-ocular tear film has been classified into seven grades within a thickness range of 0.02μm to 0.58μm. As we well as the normal, two examples of abnormal lipid layers are described. The manner by which Meibomian gland secretion occurs and performs its role in the tear film is illustrated and analysed. Forced gland secretion by pressure induced localised lipid thickness increase. Eyelid closure was seen to compress the lipid film and instillation of saline broke up the lipid film. It can be seen that the pre-soft lens tear film usually possesses a thin superficial lipid layer and an aqueous phase of limited dimensions. On the other hand the pre-PMMA rigid contact lens tear film rarely possesses a visible superficial lipid layer and its aqueous layer measured 1.5μm on average. The addition of the 'wetting' solution acts on the thickness of the aqueous phase which increases to 2.5μm and supports a minimal lipid layer. The use of contact lens materials of better wettability permits the formation of films of increased thickness (up to 5.5μm) with a visible superficial lipid layer which was seen to stabilise the film and retard its drying. The main differences in mucous coverage are described as follows. At the level of the basal layer of the tear film the mucous coverage takes a continuous undulated form on the corneal epithelium but a discontinuous sporadic distribution on soft lenses decreasing to sporadic occurrence on rigid lenses. Finally, because of the acquisition of the quantitative results, new infra-structures of the pre-lens tear film for soft and rigid lenses are proposed.
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Hughes, Adam Lefever. "Assai| Historical Contexts of a Contested Musical Term." Thesis, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10264065.
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This study seeks to establish the feasibility of assai as a moderating term in more cases than is typically assumed. Since evidence of concurrent competing definitions for the term assai exists from the mid- to late-18th century, understanding and putting into practice a composer’s indications according to his own understanding of the term becomes murky where the word assai is concerned during and beyond the time when the two definitions exist concurrently. Through investigation of musical scores, examining such features as ornamentation, the relative brilliance of the work, tonality, meter, and structure, the characteristics of a piece of music that are crucial to navigating the multivalent qualities of the word assai are identified and tested against the actual musical content of examples from works of J. S. Bach, Domenico Scarlatti, W. F. Bach, J. C. F. Bach, Johann Friedrich Agricola, C. P. E. Bach, W. A. Mozart, F. J. Haydn, Ludwig van Beethoven, Frédéric Chopin, and Franz Liszt.
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Arthur, Hanson. "Bioactivity and microbial content of Lippia multiflora leaves, a herbal tea from Ghana." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2232.
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Thesis (Msc Food Sc (Food Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The consumption of herbal teas is an increasing phenomenon among tea consumers globally. However, herbal teas that are not pre-treated to reduce their microbial load are a health risk to consumers, in spite of their potential health-promoting properties. The aim of this study was to develop a steam pasteurisation treatment to reduce the microbial load on Lippia multiflora Moldenke (Verbanaceae) tea leaves, a herbal tea from Ghana, identify the bacteria present, and to evaluate the effect of the steam treatment on the bioactive constituent of the leaves. An HPLC method was developed and optimised for the identification and quantification of verbascoside, the major antioxidant compound of L. multiflora herbal infusion. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to confirm the presence of the compound in the infusion. Ascorbic acid was used as a stabilising agent during the quantification process to prevent the degradation of verbascoside. The hot water infusion of L. multiflora was compared to those of Aspalathus linearis (rooibos) and Cyclopia spp. (honeybush) on the basis of their soluble solids and total polyphenol contents, as well as on their antioxidant activities. In addition to verbascoside, another compound with the same parent and fragment ions as verbascoside was present in the infusion. A 100 ml infusion of L. multiflora had significantly (P < 0.05) higher soluble solids and total polyphenol contents, and antioxidant activities than those of rooibos and honeybush. The rooibos infusion showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher soluble solids and total polyphenol contents as well as antioxidant activities than honeybush. On the basis of soluble solids, rooibos showed a significantly (P < 0.05) higher total polyphenol content and a lower ferric-reducing activity than L. multiflora. Both teas, however, did not differ significantly with respect to the DPPH antioxidant activity. The effect of steam pasteurisation on the microbial load of L. multiflora herbal tea leaves was evaluated. Five samples of the tea were steam pasteurised at 99.8°C for 2.5 min and five samples were unpasteurised. Microbial enumeration was conducted in duplicate on potato dextrose agar (PDA), plate count agar (PCA), violet red bile agar (VRBA), yeast peptone dextrose agar (YPDA), and de Man Rogosa Sharpe agar (MRS). Morphologically distinct colonies were isolated, sub-cultured and their Gram reaction recorded. These bacteria were identified to the species level using 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence data. Most of the bacteria identified belonged to the genus Bacillus. One species each from the genera Pantoea and Kocuria were also identified, but only the Bacillus species survived the steam treatment. Coliform bacteria detected prior to pasteurisation were not detected after steam treatment. Steam pasteurisation reduced the microbial load from 104 to 102 cfu.g-1. The effects of the steam pasteurisation on the soluble solid, total polyphenol, and the active compound contents of L. multiflora, as well as the antioxidant activities were studied. Pasteurisation did not significantly (P > 0.05) change the soluble solids, total polyphenol and active compound contents, or the antioxidant activity. Steam pasteurisation is potentially an effective method to treat L. multiflora herbal teas prior to consumption. However, the steam treatment should complement good agricultural and hygienic practices rather than replace them as some bacteria can survive this treatment. The identification and quantification of verbascoside in L. multiflora infusion, as well as the relatively higher antioxidant contents compared to rooibos and honeybush should provide the basis for future studies on the therapeutic application of this herbal tea. Also, verbascoside could potentially form the basis for future quality control of L. multiflora.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Daar is 'n wêreldwye toename in die verbruik van kruietee. Kruietee wat egter nie vooraf-behandelings ontvang om die mikrobiese lading te verlaag nie kan, ten spyte van moontlike gesondheidsvoordele, ook 'n potensiële gesondheidsrisiko vir verbruikers inhou. Die doel van hierdie studie was om 'n stoompasteurisasie-behandeling te ontwikkel wat die mikrobiese lading op Lippia multiflora teeblare, 'n kruietee van Ghana, te verlaag. Verder is die teenwoordige bakterieë geïdentifiseer en die effek van 'n stoombehandeling op die bio-aktiewe komponente in die teeblare is ook geëvalueer. 'n Hoë-druk vloeistof-chromatografie metode is ontwikkel en ge-optimiseer vir die identifikasie en kwantifisering van verbaskosied, 'n hoof antioksidant komponent in L. multiflora kruie aftreksels. Vloeistof chromatografie, gekoppel aan in-lyn massa spektroskopie is ook gebruik om die teenwoordigheid van die komponent in die aftreksel te bevestig. Tydens die kwantifiseringsproses is askorbiensuur as 'n stabiliseringsagent gebruik om die degradasie van verbaskosied te voorkom. Die warm water aftreksel van L. multiflora is vergelyk met die van Aspalathus linearis (rooibos) en Cyclopia spp. (heuningbos) in terme van hul opgeloste vastestof- en totale polifenol inhoude, asook hul antioksidant aktiwiteite. 'n Ander komponent buiten verbaskosied, maar met dieselfde ouer en fragment ione, was ook in die aftreksel teenwoordig. 'n 100 ml L. multiflora aftreksel het beduidend (P < 0.05) meer opgeloste vastestowwe, totale polifenole en antioksidant aktiwiteit getoon as rooibos en heuningbos. Rooibos het weer beduidend (P < 0.05) meer opgeloste vastestowwe, totale polifenole, en antioksidant aktiwiteit as heuningbos. In terme van opgeloste vastestowwe het rooibos 'n beduidende (P < 0.05) hoër totale polifenol inhoud en laer ferriet-reduserende aktiwiteit as L. multiflora. Beide tee het egter nie beduidend verskil ten opsigte van hul antioksidant aktiwiteit nie. Die effek van stoompasteurisasie op die mikrobiese lading van L. multiflora kruieteeblare is geëvalueer. Vyf teemonsters is gestoompasteuriseer by 99.8°C vir 2.5 min en 5 verdere monsters is nie gepasteuriseer nie. Mikrobe-tellings is in Mikrobe-tellings is in v duplikaat op potato dextrose agar (PDA), plate count agar (PCA), violet red bile agar (VRBA), yeast peptone dextrose agar (YPDA), en de Man Rogosa Sharpe agar (MRS) gedoen. Morfologies onderskeibare kolonies is geïsoleer, her-gekweek en hul Gram status genotuleer. Hierdie bakterieë is daarna tot op spesie-vlak geïdentifiseer deur 16S ribosomale DNS (rDNS) volgorde bepalings. Die meerderheid van die geïdentifiseerde bakterieë behoort tot die genus Bacillus en een spesie elk van die genera Pantoea en Kocuria is ook geïdentifiseer. Slegs Bacillus spesies het egter die stoompasteurisasie behandeling oorleef. Kolivorme bakterieë wat voor pasteurisasie waargeneem is was afwesig na die stoom behandeling. Stoompasteurisasie het ook die mikrobiese lading van 104 na 102 kve.g-1 verminder. Die effek van stoompasteurisasie op die opgeloste vastestowwe, totale polifenole en die aktiewe-komponent inhoud van L. multiflora, asook die antioksidant aktiwiteit is bestudeer. Pasteurisasie het die opgeloste vastestowwe, totale polifenole, aktiewe komponente en die antioksidant aktiwiteit nie-beduidend (P > 0.05) verander. Stoompasteurisasie kan potensieël 'n effektiewe metode wees vir die behandeling van L. multiflora kruietee voor verbruik. Die stoombehandeling moet egter saam met goeie landbou- en higiëniese praktyke gebruik word eerder as om dit te vervang aangesien sommige bakterieë hierdie stoombehandeling kan oorleef. Die identifikasie en kwantifisering van verbaskosied in L. multiflora aftreksels, asook die hoër antioksidant inhoud vergeleke met rooibos en heuningbos verskaf moontlikhede vir verder navorsing in die terapeutiese aanwending van hierdie kruietee. Verbaskosied kan ook moontlik die basis vorm vir toekomstige kwaliteitskontrole van L. multiflora.
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Nakayama, Masataka. "The problems of serial order in language:Clustering, context discrimination, temporal distance, and edges." Kyoto University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/200480.
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Bracey, Jane. "In context : experiences of the long term diagnosed with HIV/AIDS." Thesis, University of East London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.532546.
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