Journal articles on the topic 'Tea trade Sri Lanka Management'
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Biyanwila, Janaka. "Union Strategies in the Sri Lankan Tea Plantations: Rediscovering the Movement Dimension." Economic and Labour Relations Review 14, no. 1 (June 2003): 64–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103530460301400106.
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With the launch of export-oriented industrialisation policies in 1977, trade unions in Sri Lanka entered a new set of challenges. The state promotion of labour market deregulation and privatisation has directly undermined union strategies based on bureaucratic modes of organising worker solidarity. Nevertheless, among the gamut of union strategies are tendencies characterising what is described as social movement unionism (SMU). The SMU approach focuses on strategies of independent unions combining participatory democracy internally with structured alliances externally. This paper looks at the case of a union in the tea plantations and its potential towards developing a SMU strategic orientation. In particular, the discussion focuses on the deepening of democratic tendencies within the unions which may be capable of reinforcing the movement dimension of unions.
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Rathnayake, Chinthani, Bill Malcolm, Garry Griffith, and Alex Sinnette. "Trade Consequences of the Farm Production Regulation: The Glyphosate Ban in the Sri Lankan Tea Industry." Industria: Jurnal Teknologi dan Manajemen Agroindustri 11, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.industria.2022.011.02.1.
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Abstract Tea manufacturing is an important industry for the Sri Lankan economy because it generates foreign income, which adds to gross domestic product of the country and creates employment opportunities. Tea has been exported to several countries from Sri Lanka for over a century, and Sri Lanka remains a leading tea exporter to date. Recently, the Sri Lankan government issues a policy which disadvantages the tea industry in the country. The government banned the use of glyphosate in the agricultural sector from 2015 to 2018 which directly or indirectly affects the tea industry. The policy brought a consequence where the farmers used illegal substances and other weedicides to control the weed. These consequences placed the Sri Lankan tea industry at risk since their final product is contains high amount of residual weedicide which exceeds the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL). In this paper, we use The Equilibrium Displacement Model to study the economic impact of rejections of tea consignments by Japan due to the excess use of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) in 2018. The demand of Sri Lankan bulk black tea by Japan has declined by 6.5% between 2017 and 2018. The estimated of the Sri Lankan tea industry from reduced demand for bulk black tea was Rs339 million. Keywords: tea industry, glyphosate ban, Sri Lanka Abstrak Teh adalah industri penting bagi perekonomian Sri Lanka karena menghasilkan devisa yang menambah produksi domestik bruto dan menciptakan lapangan kerja. Teh telah diekspor dari Sri Lanka selama lebih dari satu abad ke berbagai negara dan Sri Lanka tetap menjadi eksportir utama. Kebijakan pemerintah baru-baru ini yang memengaruhi sektor pertanian tidak menguntungkan bagi industri teh. Pelarangan penggunaan glifosat dari tahun 2015 hingga 2018 merupakan salah satu kebijakan yang berdampak signifikan terhadap industri teh, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Konsekuensi penggunaan formulasi pengendali gulma ilegal dan herbisida alternatif menempatkan industri teh pada keadaan yang beresiko melalui konsekuensi tidak disengaja dari kehilangan akses ke pasar ekspor teh karena insiden mengenai kelebihan Batas Maksimum Residu. Dalam tulisan ini, dampak ekonomi dari penolakan pengiriman teh dari Jepang karena penggunaan 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) yang berlebihan pada tahun 2018 diselidiki dengan menggunakan Equilibrium Displacement Model pada industri teh. Permintaan ekspor Jepang untuk teh hitam curah turun 6,5% antara 2017 dan 2018. Perkiraan kerugian surplus ekonomi industri teh Sri Lanka dari penurunan permintaan teh hitam curah adalah Rs339 juta. Kata kunci: industri teh, larangan penggunaan glifosat, Sri Lanka
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Jolliffe, Lee, and Mohamed S. M. Aslam. "Tea heritage tourism: evidence from Sri Lanka." Journal of Heritage Tourism 4, no. 4 (November 2009): 331–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17438730903186607.
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Nursodik, Hendi, Siswanto Santoso, and Suryani Nurfadillah. "Competitiveness and Determining Factors of Indonesian Tea Export Volume in the World Market." HABITAT 32, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.habitat.2021.032.3.18.
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Indonesia is one of the world's tea exporters, but the decline in the volume and value of its exports to date continues to occur. This study aims to 1) analyze the production trend and export volume of Indonesian tea. 2) analyze Indonesian tea competitiveness in the International market compared to other exporter countries (China, India, Kenya, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam). 3) analyze the determining factors of Indonesia's tea export volume to 7 major destination countries (Malaysia, Russia, Pakistan, USA, Germany, Poland, and Australia). The analysis methods used are simple linear regression, Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Trade Specialization Ratio (TSR), and data panel regression. The results showed that the production and volume of Indonesian tea export will decrease every year. Indonesian tea has a very strong comparative competitiveness, but still below India, Kenya, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam. Indonesia tends to be an exporter of tea to the international market at the stage of export expansion. Factors determining the volume of Indonesian export are Indonesian tea production, the population of importer countries, real GDP per capita of importer countries, level of trade openness of importer countries, and importer countries' inflation rate.
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Gamage, Anuruddha, and Widana Pathiranage Richard Wickramaratne. "Quality of Life and Quality of Work Life as Determinants of Employee Productivity: Self-reports of Tea Harvesters in Sri Lanka." EMAJ: Emerging Markets Journal 11, no. 1 (September 8, 2021): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/emaj.2021.217.
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Tea industry plays a prominent and strategic role in Sri Lanka due to its significant impact on national output, employment and socio-economic status. Therefore, the overall worker productivity in tea industry plays an integral role in terms of national income and foreign exchange earnings. Today, the tea industry in Sri Lanka has been facing the burning issue of declining worker productivity which is the lowest among the tea producing countries in the world. In order to increase the level of worker productivity, simply applying conventional Human Resource Management (HRM) practices is not adequate and a sustainable HRM model is a vital requirement as a strategy for dealing with this crisis and sustains the tea industry in the competitive global marketplace. This research was aimed at proposing human care practices (HCPs) and knowledge management practices (KMPs) as sustainable Human Resource Management Practices (SHRMPs) for enhancing the worker productivity through quality of work-life (QWLs) and quality of life (QLs). The study is specifically focusing on the tea industry, since tea is the key contributor for overall performances of the plantation industry. Un-structured and one-on-one interviews were used as the qualitative research technique for this study. 100 randomly selected tea harvesters who are working in well performing tea estates in Sri Lanka reported a list of HCPs and KMPs that enhance QWL and QL, which in return enhance the worker productivity. The responses of tea harvesters were grouped into pre-defined structure according to comparative importance and then were validated with the findings of previous research studies. The findings were well supported by the premises of psychological contract and social exchange theories. The study also provides some implications for policy decisions and future research directions on identified HCPs and KMPs as sustainable HR practices, which has a direct relationship on the worker productivity.
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Jayasuriya, KMG Gehan, Abdul Wahid Mohamed Azam, Muneeb M. Musthafa, and Faiz MMT Marikar. "Illegal Transnational Trading of Biodiversity and Wildlife Materials from Sri Lanka and the Countermeasures." Global Trade and Customs Journal 11, Issue 7/8 (July 1, 2016): 332–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2016045.
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Trafficking of biodiversity materials is a major threat to the earth’s ecological balance and Sri Lanka is no exception. This article describes the protocol under the Convention on Biodiversity in the context of illicit trade in biodiversity and wildlife materials trade products across Sri Lanka during the period of 1992–2009. It highlights the methods that can be effective to counter-attack and prevent illegal transnational trading and discusses how the region can approach a coordinated implementation of those key provisions. Details of the current illegal biodiversity during the above period are highlighted and the great effort made by Sri Lankan Customs in protecting the country’s conservation of biodiversity and combatting the weak points of illegal transactions is pointed out clearly with remedies.
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Ryu, Eun-sung. "A Study on the Improvement of Korean Tea Distribution Structure through Sri Lanka Tea Auction System." Association for International Tea Culture 57 (September 30, 2022): 59–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21483/qwoaud.57..202209.59.
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This study analyzed Korean tea distribution structure and Sri Lankan tea auction system, which is the main sales method, to find a way to build a tea auction center suitable for domestic reality. For the analysis, the literature on the current status and problems of the Korean tea distribution market, the advantages of the Sri Lankan auction system, and the role of the broker as the subject of the auction were reviewed. As a result of the analysis, the distribution structure of Korean tea is an integrated management method that growers manufacture and sell directly, and consumer prices are determined by producers, not market principles. The price of tea formed in this way was generally high compared to the quality, and it caused the consumer's disregard, which became an obstacle to the expansion of tea consumption. In particular, the fact that no standardization of made tea specifications and sensory evaluation made the tea valuation results ambiguous. As a solution to these problems, legislation for the installation of domestic tea auction center, standardization of Korean made tea and sensory evaluation, and a plan for fostering auctioneers who can play the role of auction brokers were presented.
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Layomi Jayasinghe, Sadeeka, Lalit Kumar, and Janaki Sandamali. "Assessment of Potential Land Suitability for Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) in Sri Lanka Using a GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Approach." Agriculture 9, no. 7 (July 8, 2019): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9070148.
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The potential land suitability assessment for tea is a crucial step in determining the environmental limits of sustainable tea production. The aim of this study was to assess land suitability to determine suitable agricultural land for tea crops in Sri Lanka. Climatic, topographical and soil factors assumed to influence land use were assembled and the weights of their respective contributions to land suitability for tea were assessed using the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) and the Decision-Making Trail and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) model. Subsequently, all the factors were integrated to generate the potential land suitability map. The results showed that the largest part of the land in Sri Lanka was occupied by low suitability class (42.1%) and 28.5% registered an unsuitable land cover. Furthermore, 12.4% was moderately suitable, 13.9% was highly suitable and 2.5% was very highly suitable for tea cultivation. The highest proportion of “very highly suitable” areas were recorded in the Nuwara Eliya District, which accounted for 29.50% of the highest category. The model validation results showed that 92.46% of the combined “highly suitable” and “very highly suitable” modelled classes are actual current tea-growing areas, showing the overall robustness of this model and the weightings applied. This result is significant in that it provides effective approaches to enhance land-use efficiency and better management of tea production.
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Singh, Surendar, and Ram Singh. "Do Rules of Origin Extend Disproportionate Trade Gains Under SAFTA: A Case Study of Bicycle and Textile Industries." Global Trade and Customs Journal 16, Issue 2 (January 1, 2021): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2021007.
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Rules of Origin (RoO) have become an important area of policy attention in international trade negotiations due to their far-reaching trade and investment implications to member countries. The main function of RoO in free trade agreements (FTAs) is to set conditions so that goods produced within FTAs comply with the essential origin criterion to claim the benefits of preferential market access and to prevent the entry of goods from non- FTA partners. The rising cases of disproportionate trade benefits have compelled countries to review their RoO provisions under different trade agreements. Additionally, the disproportionate benefit of RoO under the South Asia Free Trade (SAFTA) has received considerable interest in the recent years. This article examines how RoO under the SAFTA is extending unwarranted trade benefit to Bangladesh and Sri Lanka in bicycle and textile and clothing industries. Findings backed by data analysis demonstrate that the entry of Chinese imports into the Indian market via Bangladesh and Sri Lanka is adversely affecting the domestic bicycle and garment industries. Options available to revamp RoO under the SAFTA are limited. This article concludes that reforming value addition criterion and including a ‘sourcing restrictions’ clause may prove effective to prevent the unjustifiable benefits of RoO. RoO, regional value chains, trade policy, free trade agreements, trade agreements, SAFTA
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Helanjanani, Shammuganathan. "Health Affliction and Medical Service of Tea Plantation Women Workers in Sri Lanka: An Anthropological Study Based on Alton Estate-2021." International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research 3, no. 1 (January 12, 2022): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.03.01.05.
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This research Studies “Health affliction and medical service of tea plantation women workers in Sri Lanka: An anthropological study based on Alton – 2021” This study focused on women workers in the tea plantation. This study problem highlights general health conditions of the women workers. The plantation management provides not quality of the medical specialties for the tea estate. Thereby most of the women workers are facing challenges to get proper medical services. Women workers more contributed for the economic sector in the Sri Lanka. Therefore the government should protect them. According to this study use primary and secondary data collection method, in short time; to selected sample size 12 from tea estate of Alton in Horana plantation. Women workers and health issues research relating women workers are suffering from fever, cough, cold, stomach pain, weakness, eye pain, headache, skin diseases, chest pain, asthma, breathing trouble, Hand pain , leg pain and Pregnancy. This study argues why they cannot get in correct way of the government medical service in the tea plantation. According to this issues, what are the problem are overcome. And provide good medical service and treatment for women worker in the tea plantation. Manage the situation to develop the hill country community. This is the way to research in this area. As well as I suggested some of the idea and commons in this problem. 12 samples were selected from a simple resource among the people belonging to 660 families living in study area and numerical and characteristic data on the conditions of the study area were read. This study concern research place situation to choice to use qualitative research method and used sample random sampling method to observed and read to get many idea and knowledge relevant the research problem to done this research. This research mainly focused what are different between nation and plantation medical service system. This research should be given the important for hill country community people. They are structurally different for other Sri Lankan community people. They are not receiving Sri Lanka welfare schemes in equally. According to this study provides a critical analysis and suggestions.
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Chandrarathne, S. G. U. S., J. M. D. P. Jayasundara, M. S. S. Perera, and T. L. Navaratne. "Trade Elasticities and the Marshall Lerner Condition: Evidence from Sri Lanka." Sri Lanka Journal of Advanced Social Studies 10, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljass.v10i2.7152.
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Weiss, John, and K. Jayanthakumaran. "Trade Reform and Manufacturing Performance: Evidence from Sri Lanka, 1978-89." Development Policy Review 13, no. 1 (March 1995): 65–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7679.1995.tb00081.x.
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Wijetunga, Chandana Shrinath, and Jong Sang Sung. "Valuing the Cultural Landscapes Past and Present: Tea Plantations in Sri Lanka." Landscape Research 40, no. 6 (July 16, 2015): 668–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2015.1057803.
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Prakash, T. G. Supun Lahiru, W. A. A. D. Upul Indrajith, A. M. C. P. Aththanayaka, Suranjan Karunarathna, Madhava Botejue, Vincent Nijman, and Sujan Henkanaththegedara. "Illegal capture and internal trade of wild Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in Sri Lanka." Nature Conservation 42 (November 3, 2020): 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.42.57283.
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The illegal wildlife trade is considered one of the major threats to global biodiversity. Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) have been highly valued by various cultures for use in religious and spiritual contexts, as a draft animal, and more recently, as a tourist attraction. Thus, the demand for captive elephants is high. Wild Asian elephants are taken from the wild, often illegally, to maintain these captive populations due to the unviability of captive breeding programs. For the first time, we documented the extent to which wild elephants are being illegally captured and traded in Sri Lanka between January 2008 and December 2018. We collected data from case records maintained by the Sri Lanka court system where the suspects of illegal elephant trade were prosecuted in addition to information gathered by archives and interviews with various stakeholders. We documented 55 cases where elephants were illegally traded. This is probably an underestimate due to the mortality rate of elephants during capture operations, and challenges in collecting data on this highly organized illicit trade. Nearly equal numbers of male and female elephants were traded and more than 50% of them were juveniles, aged ≤5 years. Significantly more elephants were found to be seized in 2014–2015 than in the other time periods combined. We found evidence of the illegal capture of wild elephants from wildlife protected areas and state forests. More importantly, we identified evidence of corruption of wildlife officers, involvement of politicians and other high-ranking personnel in the illegal wildlife trade, and lack of active enforcement of wildlife law as major challenges to overcome if the illegal capture and domestic trade of wild elephants in Sri Lanka are to be halted. Based on our study, we make a series of recommendations that should result in implementing policy to reduce the trafficking of Asian elephants in Sri Lanka and improve the conservation management of the species.
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Qiao, Yuhui, Niels Halberg, Saminathan Vaheesan, and Steffanie Scott. "Assessing the social and economic benefits of organic and fair trade tea production for small-scale farmers in Asia: a comparative case study of China and Sri Lanka." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 31, no. 3 (June 8, 2015): 246–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170515000162.
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AbstractOrganic agriculture has the potential to provide improved livelihood opportunities, increased income and social benefits for resource-poor small-scale farmers. It has thus become a popular strategy for economic development and poverty reduction in many areas of the global south. However, there has been limited empirical research regarding the actual benefits of certified organic production, particularly when organic is combined with fair trade certification, and for small-scale farmers who are not engaged in coffee or banana production. Further research is needed to demonstrate experiences of farmers under diverse socioeconomic conditions, organizational contexts and degrees of market access. To address these gaps, two surveys of certified organic and fair trade tea producers in China and Sri Lanka were undertaken to investigate the contributions of organic crops to the household economy. In both cases, organic production required lower investment in terms of external inputs but a higher input of farmers’ labor. The price premium received by farmers for the organic tea compensated for the extra labor input and lower yield, resulting in a net profit. However, given the relatively small plots of tea gardens of each household, organic production could not fully provide for the households’ livelihood. Non-farm income dominated the total income of the households across the study cases, despite the earnings from organic farming. In both sites, market-oriented organic tea projects have created more options for paid work locally, which benefits women of reproductive age. Social benefits of organic farming were also reported. Pursuing fair trade certification on top of organic production facilitated farmer organizing, training and community development. Organic agriculture and fair trade certification offer important prospects to improve the livelihoods of small-scale farmers in other, less favored areas of Asia. These forms of certified production could provide economic and social benefits in instances where farm income is the main source of household income.
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Galagoda, R. K. B., K. G. M. C. P. B. Gajanayake, and A. C. S. Silva. "Planning ecotourism in up-country tea estates in Sri Lanka: Testing a ‘Tourism Potential Index’." Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development 3, no. 1 (April 2006): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14790530600727581.
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Melagoda, D. G., and Steve Rowlinson. "The institutional framework of construction safety management: A case study of Sri Lanka." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1101, no. 4 (November 1, 2022): 042038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1101/4/042038.
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Abstract The Sri Lankan construction sector continued to boom in the last decade reporting a 6.78 per cent growth in GDP in 2019. Nonetheless, construction accident statistics recorded 40 fatal and 59 non-fatal accidents in 2019. There is a serious lack of safety management in construction companies in Sri Lanka. The reason is largely attributable to the lack of an institutional mechanism to ensure accountability, planning, prioritising, reviewing, learning, and training for continuous improvement of safety. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the system of laws, regulations, and procedures, and stakeholders with their roles and norms that shape construction safety. The study explored how national level and industry level institutions are linked to construction safety management systems in Sri Lanka through document review and interviews with personnel from the Department of Labour, Construction Industry Development Authority, construction companies, professional bodies, and academic institutes. The Factories Ordinance, No. 45 of 1942 is the main legislation applied to construction safety enacted in the colonial period, thus, no improvements are made to industry -specific requirements and technological advancements. Neither, the Construction Industry Development Authority has any standards, guidelines, or codes of practices to conform to safety. Major construction companies align with international standards (ISO 9000, 14000; OHSAS 18000) to win major construction projects. It indirectly affects maintaining a safe work environment. Therefore, Sri Lanka needs to focus on an industry-level institutional mechanism to improve the safety management system. Further, support from educational and training institutes, trade associations, and professional bodies is necessary to push forward the importance of safety.
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Banerjee, Subhanil, Prithvish Bose, and Imran Nadeem Siddiqui. "Digital Dynamics and International Trade." International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management 13, no. 1 (January 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijabim.297849.
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The digital duo of the Internet and Mobile brought a sea change in production mode, economic, and market structure along with trade. A world where there are no time and space-bound eased business and commerce by extending the time of operation and eliminating the geographical boundary that led to a boost in worldwide trade. Here, the impressive performance of the South and Southeast Asia regarding e-commerce earns a special mention. At this context the present article considers 18 countries (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam) belonging to South and South-East Asia along with China for six years (2009-2014) and opts for a panel data analysis to determine the impact of digitalization on International Trade. The findings point to the fact that digitalization has a positive and statistically significant impact on trade volume.
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Perry, Patsy, Steve Wood, and John Fernie. "Corporate Social Responsibility in Garment Sourcing Networks: Factory Management Perspectives on Ethical Trade in Sri Lanka." Journal of Business Ethics 130, no. 3 (July 3, 2014): 737–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2252-2.
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HMDN, Somathilake, and Pathirawasam C. "The Effect of Financial Management Practices on Performance of SMEs in Sri Lanka." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 8, no. 05 (May 21, 2020): 1789–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v8i05.em05.
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Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in every developing country contributing to the growth of the economy in many ways. The aim of this study is to identify the effect of financial management practices on performance of SMEs in Sri Lanka: Special Reference to North Central Province (NCP). Working capital management practices, Investment appraisal practices, Capital structure management practices, financial reporting & analysis practices and Accounting information system practices were identified as independent variables and Performance of SMEs was identified as the dependent variable of this study. All SMEs (nearly 2000 SMEs) operating in NCP during the year 2019 was identified as the population of this study. Out of that, 322 SMEs were selected as the sample based on disproportionate stratified random sampling method and final sample was 245 manufacturing, service and trade SMEs operating in NCP. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire distributed among SMEs functioning in NCP. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics like Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze data using the SPSS package. Results of the study revealed that there is a positive effect of financial management practices on performance of SMEs. Among financial management practices, working capital management practices and capital structure management practices have a significant positive effect on SMEs performance.
Keywords: Capital structure, Financial Management, Performance, Small and Medium Enterprises, Sri Lanka, Working capital.
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Gamage, Anuruddha, and Widana Pathiranage Richard Wickramaratne. "Sustainable Human Resource Management (HRM) Practices for Boosting the Worker Productivity in Tea Plantations in Sri Lanka: Validation of a New HRM Model." EMAJ: Emerging Markets Journal 12, no. 1 (August 17, 2022): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/emaj.2022.253.
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The purpose of this research was to identify Sustainable Human Resource Management Practices (SHRMPs) which enhance worker productivity and to validate a Human Resource Management (HRM) model, derived by the authors in previous qualitative studies. The study surveyed 850 randomly selected employees from sixty tea estates in Sri Lanka. Data analyzed with Structural Equation Modeling derived a sustainable HRM model which includes knowledge management and human care practices as the determinants of worker productivity, while Quality of life and Work-life practices mediated the relationship. As a unique finding, knowledge sustainability (KS) identified as a new construct impacted positively on worker productivity. Theoretical and policy implications are also discussed.
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Vidanagama, J., and E. Lokupitiya. "Energy usage and greenhouse gas emissions associated with tea and rubber manufacturing processes in Sri Lanka." Environmental Development 26 (June 2018): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2018.03.006.
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Caspersz, Donella. "Asian Working Women and Agency: Their Voices." Economic and Labour Relations Review 14, no. 1 (June 2003): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103530460301400105.
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The aim of this paper is to discuss the challenges of organising women workers in Asia, and to discuss how trade unions can facilitate their more effective participation in these movements. The paper is primarily informed by research undertaken with Southern Initiative on Globalization and Trade Union Rights (SIGTUR). Formed in Perth, Western Australia in 1991 and made up of delegates from India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Thailand, Malaysia, South Korea, the Philippines, Hong Kong, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand and Brazil, the aim of SIGTUR is to promote collaborative activity by independent trade unions in the ‘South’ or rather countries within the Asia-Pacific. The paper highlights the effects of neo-liberalism on workers and develop appropriate international responses.
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Kusuminda, Tharaka, Amani Mannakkara, Rajika Gamage, Bruce D. Patterson, and Wipula B. Yapa. "Roosting ecology of insectivorous bats in a tropical agricultural landscape." Mammalia 86, no. 2 (November 29, 2021): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2021-0056.
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Abstract Bats spend more than half of their life in roosts, where key life events transpire. Therefore the availability and selection of roosts are important to bats everywhere, and may limit their ability to exploit every habitat, including agricultural landscapes such as paddy fields, orchards and tea plantations. This study aimed to investigate the day roosts used by insectivorous bat species in tea plantations of Sri Lanka. We surveyed 18 tea plantations where we recorded a total of 44 roosts involving five families and nine species of bats (Hipposideros galeritus, Hipposideros lankadiva, Hipposideros speoris, Rhinolophus beddomei, Rhinolophus rouxii, Megaderma spasma, Pipistrellus ceylonicus, Pipistrellus coromandra and Miniopterus cf. fuliginosus). Most (26) of the recorded roosts were geomorphic, (11) were anthropogenic, and (7) were in vegetation. H. lankadiva and M. cf. fuliginosus are the only species known to roost exclusively in geomorphic roosts; all others were opportunistic. Although protecting bat roosts is crucial for their conservation, it is challenging in view of existing tea management practices. Therefore, natural roosts should be maintained and protected. The introduction of artificial roosts might increase the number of bats able to forage over tea plantations and maximize their consumption of agricultural pests, thereby increasing tea production.
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Pethiyagoda Jr, Rohan S., and Kelum Manamendra-Arachchi. "Endangered anurans in a novel forest in the highlands of Sri Lanka." Wildlife Research 39, no. 7 (2012): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr12079.
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Context Lands without agricultural or urban use embedded within agricultural and urban regions now account for ~35% of Earth’s terrestrial extent. Although created by human disturbances, these ‘novel ecosystems’, usually poor in native flora and often dominated by alien species, do not require human intervention for their maintenance. Given their large and increasing area, however, their ability to support native – and especially threatened – faunas warrants investigation. With 20 species already extinct and 47 of its 91 extant species assessed as Endangered or Critically Endangered, Sri Lanka’s amphibian fauna is in trouble. The 18 anurans (12 of these Endangered) occurring above 1500 m in the island’s central mountains are at particular risk from drastic declines in the extent and quality of habitat. Habitat restoration, however, is retarded by successional vegetation being arrested at least in the decadal time-frame by alien invasive species, creating a ‘novel ecosystem’. Aim To investigate whether such an ecosystem is able to support native anurans with a species richness and abundance comparable to that of neighbouring tropical montane cloud forest. Methods We surveyed 110 transects (each 20 m × 2 m) across three neighbouring locations covering three microhabitat-types, and recorded 552 specimens. One-way analyses of variance and post hoc, pair-wise Tukey’s tests were performed to test for differences in species richness and abundance among the three microhabitat types. Key result Of the 15 anuran species occurring in the neighbouring primary forest, 12 (eight of them Endangered) had established populations in the novel ecosystem (a former tea plantation), with abundances comparable to (or in some cases exceeding) those in primary forest. Conclusion Even young secondary forest dominated by alien plant species, in which native vegetation is almost wholly absent, can provide adequate habitat for most threatened highland anurans in Sri Lanka. Implications (1) Even if florally poor and dominated by alien species, novel ecosystems may present potential conservation opportunities for previously threatened faunas. (2) Threatened anurans exclusively dependent on primary forest and unable to utilise secondary-growth forest should receive greater conservation attention and be prioritised for in situ conservation measures. (3) Given their large and increasing extent globally, novel ecosystems should be considered as part of the area of occupancy of species able to complete their life cycles in them when assessed for conservation purposes, rather than being arbitrarily discarded as ‘degraded’.
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Wimalasinghe, Rochelle, and Tharusha N. Gooneratne. "Control practices in a traditional industry in Sri Lanka: an institutional logics perspective." Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management 16, no. 1 (April 15, 2019): 93–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qram-07-2017-0071.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the co-existence of multiple logics, resulting complexities and their implications on control practices within a traditional industry (southern cinnamon) in Sri Lanka. Design/methodology/approach The paper is premised upon the qualitative methodology and case study approach, while the theoretical backing is provided by the institutional logics perspective. Findings The findings reveal that controls are exercised in the southern cinnamon industry to manage competing facets stemming from the co-existence of multiple logics, such as family logic, commercial logic and state logic. Amid the recurring complexity caused by competing logics, the industry remains in a state of control through mediators, such as the exporter trade union (the Spice Council), which although predominantly guided by commercial logic, acts in easing-off tensions between competing logics, while serving the interest of multiple actors. Controls in southern cinnamon nevertheless take a peculiar form, giving way to the continuation of traditional rudimentary practices, which essentially represent the interests of ground level actors. Originality/value Moving beyond corporate settings, which are the typical focus of mainstream studies, this paper adds to the existing body of knowledge on control practices in traditional industries, where informal and localized controls prevail. Theoretically, it expands the use of the institutional logics perspective, recognizing multiple logics, tensions and complexities in management control research. In doing so, the authors probe into informal control mechanisms in traditional industries to understand the controls and complexities in practice. Practically, the paper portrays beliefs, issues and incidents in the field (of the southern cinnamon industry in Sri Lanka), which explains why the field operates as it does, thereby offering insights to actors in the field, ranging from practitioners to policymakers.
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Tahir, Muhammad, Mario Ruiz Estrada, Imran Khan, and Muhammad Asim Afridi. "The role of trade openness for industrial sector development: panel data evidence from SAARC region." Journal of Asia Business Studies 10, no. 1 (January 4, 2016): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jabs-01-2015-0007.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to focus on South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) member economies to examine the impact of trade openness on the industrial sector development. Design/methodology/approach – Panel data econometric techniques are used to the data for the period 1980-2013 for the selected six countries, namely, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Findings – It is found that trade openness has positively and significantly influenced the industrial sector of the sampled countries. Other determinants such as education and investment have also played a key role in helping the selected developing countries to develop their industrial sectors. Practical implications – The study suggests the policy-makers of the SAARC member countries to liberalize international trade substantially to enhance the contributions of industrial sector toward gross domestic product (GDP) and to achieve the dreamed goal of sustainable long-run growth for the region. Originality/value – An explicit relationship between trade openness and industrial sector of the SAARC member economies is yet to be examined.
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Rajmohan, Manuelpillai R., and Winai Wongsurawat. "Performance-Driven Public Sector Rewards - A Resident Evil?" Asian Social Science 15, no. 8 (July 23, 2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v15n8p25.
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Achieving administration changes and utilizing current change management methods demand striking a harmony between representative fulfillment and operational execution. In this scenario in an institution such as Sri Lanka Customs, it is discovered that a motivator called ‘rewards’ takes the center stage between operational execution and representative fulfillment. This contextual analysis dissects different components of this unique 150-year-old, 50/50, ‘pay half the catch’ rewards scheme that has not yet been made known to the outside modern world. The research methodology includes a case study of a major institution that contributes 51% of the government revenue in Sri Lanka. It carries out the investigation through a survey and interview. The data showed complex results, demonstrating a dichotomy between the Customs (public) officers and the stakeholders in international trade. Both the interior perspective of the employees and the exterior perspective of the partners are reviewed in this exploratory contextual investigation to formulate a basis for discussion of change management in the public sector. This may be the first time such in-depth analyses have been undertaken from inside the organization. More than 180 customs administrations in the world face a similar situation and dilemma, and it is believed that the findings and analysis in this live illustration may be immensely useful for rethinking or reformulating their change management strategies.
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Dhanapala, Kiran, and Priyantha Wijayatunga. "Economic and environmental impact of micro-hydro- and biomass-based electricity generation in the Sri Lanka tea plantation sector." Energy for Sustainable Development 6, no. 1 (March 2002): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0973-0826(08)60298-7.
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Nachane, D. M., and M. Shahidul Islam. "Post‐crisis South Asia: monetary management and macro‐prudential regulation." South Asian Journal of Global Business Research 1, no. 2 (August 17, 2012): 189–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20454451211252732.
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PurposeThe global crisis, originating in the US financial sector, affected the Asian region primarily through three channels – declining trade volumes, exchange rate pressure and asset deflation. The purpose of this paper is to focus on how the crisis impacted the four major economies of South Asia, viz. Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka and how, by a combination of swift actions on the monetary, fiscal and exchange rate fronts, the worst consequences of the crisis were averted.Design/methodology/approachThe regulatory and supervisory systems in these four economies are then benchmarked against certain desirable norms, which have emerged out of post‐crisis international deliberations.FindingsIt is felt that the South Asian regulatory systems perform fairly well vis‐à‐vis these norms.Practical implicationsThe paper also touches upon the major highlights of the crisis impact, policy responses and post‐crisis recovery in the Southeast Asian region.Originality/valueThe several similarities and the few contrasts between the two regions on these aspects are also presented.
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Kai, Zhou, Laila Arjuman Ara, Mohammad Masudur Rahman, and Qiner Jiang. "Assessing the Economic Impact of the Proposed Indian Ocean Rim-Association for Regional Cooperation (IOR-ARC) Preferential Trade Agreement." Global Trade and Customs Journal 9, Issue 10 (October 1, 2014): 478–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2014058.
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A draft text on IOR-ARC Preferential Trade Agreement was negotiated in the Trade Expert Group and latest revision was completed in August 2010. However, before finalizing the Agreement, the parties decided that a feasibility study was required to examine the possible benefits of the proposed PTA. The main objective of this study is to do just this, investigate the economic impact of the preferential agreement. The commutable general equilibrium (CGE) simulations show that if the four high income countries i.e., Australia, Singapore, UAE, and Oman eliminate all tariffs and at the same time middle income countries like Malaysia, Mauritius, Iran, South Africa, Thailand, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and India successively cut tariffs by 75% and LDCs cut tariffs by 50% respectively, then all IOR-ARC countries except Madagascar could gain welfare significantly. The largest welfare could be gained by India which is around USD 10.8 billion followed by Australia around USD 5.8 billion. Thailand, UAE, Indonesia, Singapore, etc. may also gain under the PTAs. At the same time, exports may increase significantly for all IOR-ARC countries except Madagascar.
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Kassel, N. C., S. Kamalakkannan, and A. K. Kulatunga. "Environmental and social sustainability of the tea industry in the wake of global market challenges: a case study in Sri Lanka." International Journal of Sustainable Manufacturing 4, no. 2/3/4 (2020): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsm.2020.10028814.
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Kamalakkannan, S., A. K. Kulatunga, and N. C. Kassel. "Environmental and social sustainability of the tea industry in the wake of global market challenges: a case study in Sri Lanka." International Journal of Sustainable Manufacturing 4, no. 2/3/4 (2020): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsm.2020.107129.
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Guruge, Keerthi S., Sachi Taniyasu, Nobuyoshi Yamashita, Sumedha Wijeratna, Keerthi M. Mohotti, Harsha R. Seneviratne, Kurunthachalam Kannan, Noriko Yamanaka, and Shigeru Miyazaki. "Perfluorinated organic compounds in human blood serum and seminal plasma: a study of urban and rural tea worker populations in Sri Lanka." Journal of Environmental Monitoring 7, no. 4 (2005): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b412532k.
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Gamage, A. T., and W. P. R. Wickramaratne. "Do Human Care and Knowledge Management Practices Really Matter in Determining Worker Productivity? Perceptions of Supervisory Level Employees in Tea Plantation Sector in Sri Lanka." Kelaniya Journal of Human Resource Management 15, no. 1 (June 25, 2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/kjhrm.v15i1.71.
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Attanayake, K. J. "(P1-5) How Does Land use Pattern could Effect to Mitigate the Risk Flash Floods” a Success Story on a Model Project Implementing at the Upper Catchments Area of Badullu River in Sri Lanka." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11003372.
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The watersheds are the home for our key natural resources and have been one of the basic elements in land use management systems throughout the hydraulic civilization of our country. “Badulla River” is one of the main watersheds in Sri Lanka extend about 1400sq.km consisting five sub catchments high steep lands. It mainly represents tea estates and agricultural lands with a weak land use pattern due to poor maintenance and unsuitable human involvements. This has contributed to reduce the rain water infiltration in to the soil increasing a huge amount of runoff water drainage. Situation has resulted frequent floods even in a small precipitation causing widespread damages to community. Hence, an initial project was started on surface water management, soil conservation and livelihoods development to control the frequent floods highlighting the urgent actions for an optimal land use management with support of field experts. Improved surface water drainage and soil conservation are the main options that might lead to mitigate the flash floods. Efforts were sharpened by integrating GIS Mapping for such initiation to enhance the effectiveness of the design. Results achieved could address many issues in relation to flood protection, habitat management, water protection and water quality management. Food risk generally related to the specific characters in a particular catchments and this model project proved that such issues can effectively be addressed through a joint program properly designed.
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Jayawardena, Dhammika. "Other’s place or othering space." Gender in Management: An International Journal 35, no. 5 (March 16, 2020): 405–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gm-07-2019-0124.
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Purpose This paper aims to understand the dialectical relationship between place-making and identity formation of factory women in a free trade zone (FTZ) in the Global South. Design/methodology/approach Inspired by Judith Butler’s notions of performative acts and performativity, the paper uses poststructuralist discourse analysis to analyze data – oral and written texts – generated through a fieldwork study conducted in an FTZ in Sri Lanka. Findings Performative acts and the performativity of the occupants in the FTZ demarcate the boundary of the zone and articulate the identities of its occupants. Furthermore, the study shows that, in this process, such performativity and performative acts function as a form of “glue” to amalgamate the places of the zone space as kalape, a complex socio-geographical landscape in flux. Research limitations/implications This study provides a new insight into the relationships between discursive-performative acts, place-making and identity formation of (factory) women in the neoliberalized (zone) space(s) of the Global South. Originality/value By articulating the FTZ as a (neoliberalized) space in a perpetual present, the study provides new insight into the relationships between performative acts, place-making and identity formation (of factory women) in the zone space.
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Munir, Kashif, and Ayesha Ameer. "Effect of economic growth, trade openness, urbanization, and technology on environment of Asian emerging economies." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 29, no. 6 (September 10, 2018): 1123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-05-2018-0087.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the long-run as well as short-run effect of economic growth, trade openness, urbanization and technology on environmental degradation (sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions) in Asian emerging economies. Design/methodology/approach The study utilizes the augmented STIRPAT model and uses the panel cointegration and causality test to analyze the long-run and short-run relationships. Due to the unavailability of data for all Asian emerging economies, the study focuses on 11 countries, i.e. Bangladesh, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka and Thailand, and uses balance panel from 1980 to 2014 at annual frequency. Findings Results showed that the inverted U-shape hypothesis of the environmental Kuznets curve holds between economic growth and SO2 emissions. While technology and trade openness increases SO2 emissions, urbanization reduces SO2 emissions in Asian emerging economies in the long run. Unidirectional causality flows from urbanization to SO2 emissions and from SO2 emissions to economic growth in the short run. Practical implications Research and development centers and programs are required at the government and private levels to control pollution through new technologies as well as to encourage the use of disposed-off waste as a source of energy which results in lower dependency on fossil fuels and leads to reduce emissions. Originality/value This study contributes to the existing literature by analyzing the effects of urbanization, economic growth, technology and trade openness on environmental pollution (measured by SO2 emissions) in Asian emerging economies. This study provides the essential evidence, information and better understanding to key stakeholders of environment. The findings of this study are useful for individuals, corporate bodies, environmentalist, researchers and government agencies at large.
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Adikaram, Arosha S. "Giving Knowledge Workers a Voice through Joint Consultative Councils." South Asian Journal of Human Resources Management 3, no. 2 (July 24, 2016): 154–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2322093716642884.
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This case study aims to outline and explore the implementation of a Joint Consultative Council (JCC) and the related outcomes, challenges and issues faced by an information technology (IT) company in Sri Lanka. Implementation of JCC in the company as a form of employee voice was a result of a planned intervention of the new Human Resources (HR) team of the company, with the intentions of increasing employee involvement, commitment, employee relations and most importantly, communication. At the initial sessions of the council ‘tea, towels and toilets’ issues were mainly discussed and an apparent gulf between the management and the employee representatives was apparent. While the council has given some form of voice to employees, it was clearly a ‘voice without muscle’, devoid of any significant joint decision making. After recouping the process to enhance joint decision-making and communication, the proceeding JCC regained the trust and enthusiasm of employees and management. There is a possibility of continuation and subsequent institutionalization of the JCC in the company. However, the process needs more time to establish itself effectively in the company with increased trust between parties. This case study provides practical insights into the creation of a JCC as a form of Non-union Employee Representation (NER) for knowledge workers, addressing a lacuna in knowledge on the practical implementation of JCC, as well as the practice of JCCs among different categories of workers such as knowledge workers. Insights drawn from the case can be used as learning points in creating successful JCCs in organizations.
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Ullah, Assad, Muhammad Anees, Zahid Ali, and Muhammad Ayub Khan. "Economic Freedom and Private Capital Inflows in Selected South Asian Economies: A Dynamic Panel Data Evidence." South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases 7, no. 1 (March 22, 2018): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277977918757365.
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Greater inflows of private capital are regarded to be very beneficial for the economic development. This study explores the relationship between economic freedom and private capital inflows in selected South Asian economies. The study comprises of six South Asian countries (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Maldives). Data from 2002 to 2011 have been utilized, and the model is estimated by employing the system generalized method of moments (GMM) approach. Empirical results reveal a significant positive relationship between economic freedom and private capital inflows. The study transpired that economic freedom is potent determinant of private capital inflows. The results further established that growth in market size and official development assistance has significant positive association with private capital inflows, whereas exchange rate exhibits significant negative relationship with the inflows of private capital, thereby confirming the existing literature. Moreover, the relationship among inflation, natural resources and private capital inflows came out to be inconclusive. To lure more inflows of private capital towards the region, management authorities need to ensure high degree of economic freedom. Creation of investment-friendly climate, corruption-free environment, tax breaks in selective sectors, removing trade barriers, equity market liberalization and consistency in the government policies is advisable in this regard.
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Xue, Lian, Mohammad Haseeb, Haider Mahmood, Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb, and Muntasir Murshed. "Renewable Energy Use and Ecological Footprints Mitigation: Evidence from Selected South Asian Economies." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 3, 2021): 1613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041613.
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Fossil fuel-dependency has induced a trade-off between economic growth and environmental degradation across the developing nations in particular. Against this backdrop, this study aims to evaluate the impacts of renewable energy use on the ecological footprints in the context of four South Asian fossil fuel-dependent nations: Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. The econometric analysis involves the use of recently developed methods that account for cross-sectional dependency, slope heterogeneity, and structural break issues in the data. The results reveal that renewable energy consumption reduces the ecological footprints while nonrenewable energy use boosts the ecological footprints. The results also confirm the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve and pollution haven hypotheses for the panel of the South Asian nations. Besides, foreign direct investment inflows are found to degrade the environment while higher institutional quality improves it. Furthermore, unidirectional causalities are run from overall energy use, economic growth, and institutional quality to ecological footprints. At the same time, bidirectional associations between foreign direct investment inflows and ecological footprints are also ascertained. The overall findings highlight the pertinence of reducing fossil fuel-dependency, enhancing economic growth, restricting dirty foreign direct investment inflows, and improving institutional quality to ensure environmental sustainability across South Asia.
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Arivazhagan, R. M., S. Utham Kumar Jamadhagni, and Syed Umarhathab. "Maritime Transnational Crime: An Analysis of Coastal Tamil Nadu." YMER Digital 21, no. 04 (April 30, 2022): 610–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.04/61.
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Maritime Transnational Crimes are common in port cities, mostly covering crimes such as smuggling goods; illegal wildlife trade (IWT) in shipment of both flora and fauna species like pangolin meat and red sanders; smuggling of endangered marine species like sea cucumber, turtles, seahorse, shark fins, etc.; smuggling explosives in vessels and containers, illegal activities like trafficking- humans (International Maritime Broder Line- IMBL violations cases), drugs, arms and ammunitions, piracy (robbery), illegal logistics services (migrant smuggling) are also, rampant. Tamil Nadu is the second largest coastal state in peninsular India, with 13 coastal districts covering 1076 kms which shares international maritime border with South and Southeast Asian countries like Sri Lanka and Maldives. The state and central government of India in order to secure the maritime border and to prevent these crimes have engaged law enforcement agencies such as Forest Department, Wildlife Crime Control Bureau (WCCB), Directorate of Intelligence (DRI), Customs Officials (CO), Coastal Security Group (CSG) - Marine Police, Indian Coast Guard (ICG) and Indian Navy. Simultaneously, the coastal communities are ushered and play a vital role in preventing Maritime Transnational Crimes in the international maritime boundaries and sea shores. Though, these attempts are effective still the transnational maritime crimes are increasing day by day in the coastal Tamil Nadu. This paper attempts to highlight the Maritime Transnational Crimes and smuggling activities in coastal Tamil Nadu and the role of coastal community in coastal security. This paper is an empirical study of descriptive nature with qualitative approach
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Christensen, Steen, Raquibul Amin, and Ghulam Qadir Shah. "Regional Collaboration Among Countries in the Indian Ocean for Better Coastal and Ocean Governance." Polaris – Journal of Maritime Research 1, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.53963/pjmr.2019.003.1.
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The Mangroves for the Future initiative (MFF) has operated since 2006 as a strategic regional and partnership-led programmeworking in response to the continued degradation of coastal ecosystems, which threatens the livelihoods and security of coastal communities and makes them more vulnerable to impacts from climate change. MFF follows the principle that healthy coastal ecosystems (principally mangroves, coral reefs and sea grass beds) can contribute significantly to human well-being and the resilience of man and nature to climate change. In its initial phase to 2010, MFF supported India, Indonesia, Maldives, Seychelles, Sri Lanka and Thailand to deliver a targeted response to the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004. Since then, country membership has expanded to include Bangladesh, Cambodia, Myanmar, Pakistan and Viet Nam and the initiative has grown towards a wider response to the current and emerging challenges for coastal management in the Indian Ocean and South China Sea regions. MFF is also engaged with Malaysia on an outreach basis; and with the Philippines as a dialogue country. Co-chaired by International Union for Conservation of nature (IUCN) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and with ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity (ACB), Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO), United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), and Wetland International (WI) as institutional partners, MFF provides a unique platform for representatives from governments, civil society and private sectors to meet, discuss and take actions together at both regional and national scales. At the regional level, MFF is governed by a Regional Steering Committee that provides strategic leadership for policy change and advocacy and also serves as a forum for country to country information exchange and discussions on emerging issues of regional importance. Within each MFF member country, a National Coordination body has oversight on the programme implementation as guided by its National Strategy and Action Plan and delivery of the small, medium and regional grant facilities1. Through its inclusive partnership approach, MFF has significantly strengthened the collaboration between the key stakeholders from governments, civil society, and private sectors addressing national and regional coastal zone management issues. In particular, the MFF initiative has supported national and local governments in developing and implementing participatory and sustainable resource management strategies, and, through awareness and capacity building activities, empowered coastal communities to participate in the decision making processes relating to the management of the natural resources on which they depend for their livelihoods. The present paper elaborates successful examples of regional collaboration initiated through MFF that have contributed to better coastal governance in India Ocean region. The examples include the transboundary cooperation between Pakistan and Iran in Gawatar Bay, between India and Sri Lanka for in the Gulf of Mannar, and between Guangxi and Quang Ninh Provinces in China and Viet Nam. The paper also highlights the importance of the Sustainable Development Goals, especially the Goal 14 and concepts like Blue Economy for sustainable ocean and coastal management in the light of the rapid development in maritime trade, race for exploration of the ocean bed for mineral resources, unsustainable exploitation of fish resources, and increasing pollution load to ocean waters from rapidly developing coastal urban growth in the Indian Ocean region.
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Wad, Peter. "Solidarity Action in Global Labor Networks. Four Cases of Workplace Organizing at Foreign Affiliates in the Global South." Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.19154/njwls.v4i1.3548.
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Globalization transforms workforces of transnational corporation from predominantly home countrydominated workforces into foreign-dominated, multinational workforces. Thus, the national grounding of trade unions as the key form of labor organizing is challenged by new multinational compositions and cross-border relocations of corporate employment affecting working conditions of employees and trade unions in local places. We assume that economic globalization is characterized by expanding global corporate network of vertically and horizontally integrated (equity-based) and disintegrated (nonequity-based) value chains. We also assume that globalization can both impede and enable labor empowerment. Based on these premises the key question is, how can labor leverage effective power against management in global corporate networks? This question is split into two subquestions: a) How can labor theoretically reorganize from national unions and industrial relations institutions into global labor networks that allow prolabor improvement in global workplaces? b) How and why has labor in a globalized economy secured the core International Labor Organization (ILO) international labor right to organize companies and conduct collective bargaining? The Global Labor Network perspective is adopted as an analytical framework. Empirically, a comparative case methodology is applied comprising four more or less successful industrial disputes where labor achieved the right to organize and undertake collective bargaining. The disputes took place in affiliated factories of foreign transnational corporations located in Malaysia, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Turkey. The conclusion is that the combination of global labor capabilities and global labor strategizing must generate strategic labor power that adequately matches the weaknesses of the counterpart’s global corporate network in order to achieve prolabor outcomes. The most efficient solidarity action was leveraged by a cross-border alliance of workplace collectives, national industrial unions, and a global union federation using global framework agreements (GFAs) with key customers of the employer. The least efficient campaign relied primarily on domestic developing country state institutions supported by a foreign labor nongovernmental organization (NGO).
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Mishra, Sibanjan, and Ranjan Dasgupta. "Cross-impact of leverage and firm performance: developed vs frontier bank-based economies." Managerial Finance 45, no. 8 (August 12, 2019): 982–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-09-2018-0435.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the cross-impact of leverage and performance for firms operating in the developed and frontier bank-based economies. Design/methodology/approach This study uses annual panel data for a sample of 400 firms over a period of 27 years from 1990 to 2016. The sample sample firms consist of developed, Germany, France and Japan, and frontier including Argentina and Sri Lanka bank-based economies firms. The authors employ a simultaneous equation modeling consisting of two equations estimated using the two-stage least squares procedure to examine the cross-relationships between leverage and performance after controlling for other firm-level variables like size, growth and liquidity. Findings The empirical results are presented in two sets. First, in the case of firms in the developed bank-based sample, the authors find a negative debt-to-performance relationship and a negative performance-to-debt relationship. This inconsistent negative debt–performance relationship implies that firms operating in these economies use debt beyond a threshold limit, which, in turn, increases agency issues between the managers and debt-holders, thereby influencing firm performance adversely. Second, for frontier economies firms, the authors find a positive debt-to-performance relationship in line with the “trade-off theory.” Furthermore, the authors find a negative performance-to-debt relationship for both sub-samples in line with the “pecking-order theory.” Originality/value The study is distinct from earlier empirical studies and contributes largely to the existing literature. First, it emphasizes whether financial leverage influences firm performance in bank-based economies as firms operating in such systems are exposed directly to the strict regulatory environment. Second, it investigates whether any reverse relationship emanating from firm performance to capital structure holds for firms of these countries. This issue, to the best of author knowledge, is unanswered in previous research, more specifically for developed and frontier bank-based economies. Moreover, the results are relevant, as firm managers, analysts and policymakers must consider the importance of such cross-debt-performance relationships, while determining the optimal capital structure, in the bank-based economies.
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Gunawan, Gusta, Dwita Sutjiningsih, Herr Soeryantono, and Soelistiyoweni Widjanarko. "Soil Erosion Prediction Using GIS and Remote Sensing on Manjunto Watershed Bengkulu, Indonesia." JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS 18, no. 2 (June 10, 2013): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.v18i2.141-148.
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The study aims to assess the rate of erosion that occurred in Manjunto Watershed and financial loss using Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing. Model used to determine the erosion is E30 models. The basis for the development of this model is to integrate with the slope of the slope between NDVI. The value of NDVI obtained from satellite imagery. Slope factor obtained through the DEM processing. To determine the amount of economic losses caused by erosion used the shadow prices. The amount of nutrients lost converted to fertilizer price. The results showed that the eroded catchment area has increased significantly. The rate of average annual erosion in the watershed Manjunto in 2000 amounted to 3 Mg ha-1 yr-1. The average erosion rate in the watershed Manjunto annual increase to 27 Mg ha-1 yr-1 in the year 2009. Economic losses due to erosion in 2009 was Rp200,000,- for one hectare. Total losses due to erosion for the total watershed area is Rp15,918,213,133, -. The main factor causing the high rate of erosion is high rainfall, slope and how to grow crops that do not pay attention to the rules of conservation.Keywords: Soil erosion, digital elevation model, GIS, remote sensing, valuation erosion[How to Cite: Gunawan G, D Sutjiningsih, H Soeryantono and S Widjanarko. 2013.Soil Erosion Prediction Using GIS and Remote Sensing on Manjunto Watershed Bengkulu-Indonesia. J Trop Soils 18 (2): 141-148. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.141][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.141]REFERENCESAksoy E, G Ozsoy and MS Dirim. 2009. Soil mapping approach in GIS using Landsat satellite imagery and DEM data. Afr J Agric Res 4: 1295-1302.Ananda J and G Herath. 2003. Soil erosion in developing countries: a socio-economic appraisal. J Environ Manage 68: 343-353.Ananda J, G Herath and A Chisholm. 2001. Determination of yield and Erosion Damage Functions Using Subjectivly Elicited Data: application to Smallholder Tea in Sri Lanka. Aust J Agric Resour Ec 45: 275-289.Ande OT, Y Alaga and GA Oluwatosin. 2009. Soil erosion prediction using MMF model on highly dissected hilly terrain of Ekiti environs in southwestern Nigeria. Int J Phys Sci 4: 053-057.Arnold JG, BA Engel and R Srinivasan. 1998. A continuous time grid cell watershed model. Proc. of application of Advanced Technology for management of Natural Resources.Arsyad S. 2010. Konservasi Tanah dan Air. IPB Press. Bogor-Indonesia (in Indonesian).Asdak C.1995. Hydrology and Watershed Management. Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta.Barlin RD and ID Moore. 1994. Role of buffer strips in management of waterway pollution: a review. Environ Manage 18: 543-58.Brough PA.1986. Principle of Geographical Information Systems For Land Resources Assessment. Oxford University Press, 194p.Clark B and J Wallace. 2003. Global connections: Canadian and world issues. Toronto, Canada: Pearson Education Canada, Inc.Cochrane T A and DC Flanagan. 1999. 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Tiwari, Sunil, Patita Paban Mohanty, Imali N. Fernando, Ibrahim Cifci, and Mahendra Babu Kuruva. "Bridging tea with tourism: empirical evidence from India and Sri Lanka." Tourism Review, December 30, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tr-06-2022-0280.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the specific tea tourism (TT) determinants. This paper uses the Porter’s Diamond model to critically examine how India and Sri Lanka gained a competitive advantage in the international market. Design/methodology/approach A cross-country study was conducted in which TT destinations in both India and Sri Lanka were considered for study. TT stakeholder perspectives were assessed through the Porter Diamond model, whereas data collection was based on a structured questionnaire that adopted the conceptual model (refer to the questionnaire as annex 1). Findings This study revealed that each determinant of Porter’s Diamond model (i.e. Factor Conditions – FC, Demand Conditions – DC, Related and Supporting Industry – RSI, Firm Strategy, Structure and Rivalry – SSR, Government – GO and Situational Force – SF) is playing a significant role in TT and India has an edge on Sri Lanka as a TT destination over each determinant of Porter Diamond model. Research limitations/implications This study restricts its scope to the present TT stakeholders of India and Sri Lanka, comprising 6 latent variables and 31 indicators, offering opportunities for future research to tourists and local residents in TT using the same model variables, and indicators. Practical implications This study highlights the emerging TT destinations in India and Sri Lanka by sensitizing the competitiveness and comparativeness using Porter’s Diamond model through the partial least squares structural equation modeling. Originality/value This study reflects a unique way of exploring emerging TT destinations through Porter’s Diamond model, signifying the competitive advantage.
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Gamage, A. T., and W. P. R. Wickramaratne. "Quality of Life and Quality of Work Life as Determinants of Employee Productivity: Self-reports of Tea Harvesters in Sri Lanka." Proceedings of International Conference on Business Management 17 (September 27, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.31357/icbm.v17.5217.
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Tea industry plays a prominent and strategic role in Sri Lanka due to its significant impact on national output, employment and socio-economic status. Therefore, the overall worker productivity in tea industry plays an integral role in terms of national income and foreign exchange earnings. Today, the tea industry in Sri Lanka has been facing the burning issue of declining worker productivity which is the lowest among the tea producing countries in the world. In order to increase the level of worker productivity, simply applying conventional Human Resource Management (HRM) practices are not adequate and a sustainable HRM model is a vital requirement as a strategy for dealing with this crisis and sustains the tea industry in the competitive global marketplace. This research was aimed at proposing human care practices (HCPs) and knowledge management practices (KMPs) as sustainable Human Resource Management Practices (SHRMPs) for enhancing the worker productivity through quality of work-life (QWLs) and quality of life (QLs). The study is specifically focusing on the tea industry, since tea is the key contributor for overall performances of the plantation industry. Un-structured, one-on-one interviews used as the qualitative research technique for this study and 100 randomly selected tea harvesters who are working in well performing tea estates in Sri Lanka reported a list of HCPs and KMPs that enhance QWL and QL and in turn that enhance the worker productivity. The responses of tea harvesters were grouped into pre-defined structure according to comparative importance and validated with the findings of previous research studies. The findings were well supported by the premises of psychological contract and social exchange theories. The study also provides some implications for policy decisions and future research directions on identified HCPs and KMPs as sustainable HR practices which has direct relationship on the worker productivity.
Keywords: Sustainable human care practices, Knowledge management practices, Quality of life, Quality of work life, Productivity
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Hanle, Juliana, Balangoda M. P. Singhakumara, and Mark S. Ashton. "Complex Small-Holder Agriculture in Rainforest Buffer Zone, Sri Lanka, Supports Endemic Birds." Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 9 (February 19, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.608434.
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The Sinharaja rainforest in southwestern Sri Lanka is a protected forest in a largely agriculture-dominated landscape. In keeping with global UNESCO global biosphere reserves planning, the Sinharaja is surrounded by a buffer zone of regenerating forest and villages with small tea plots and multi-strata tree gardens (homegardens). Globally, however, conservation planning lacks standards on buffer zone management. We ask what relationships exist between village land use and bird assemblages, which are effective ecosystem indicators. Birds have been little studied across land use and vegetation structure in actively managed, large, protected forest buffer zones. To that end, we ran spatially- and temporally-replicated bird point counts across tree gardens, forest fragments, and tea plots within a Sinharaja village. Tree gardens held a greater abundance of birds across habitat association, conservation concern, diet, and endemic species than forest fragments or tea plots. Forest fragments and tree gardens hosted statistically similar numbers of birds in some subsets, but their species assemblages differed. In tea plots, greater shade tree species richness correlated with greater bird abundance and species richness. Our results support the argument for programs to support complex small-scale tree-based agroforestry embedded in buffer zone regenerating forest.
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Atupola, Upekha, Paola Vola, Nuwan Gunarathne, Elisa Truant, and Lorenzo Gelmini. "Corporate biodiversity management and organisational change mechanisms: The case of a tea producer in Sri Lanka." Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, October 4, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/csr.2388.
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