Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tea trade Sri Lanka History

Academic literature on the topic 'Tea trade Sri Lanka History'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Tea trade Sri Lanka History"

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Rathnayake, Chinthani, Bill Malcolm, Garry Griffith, and Alex Sinnette. "Trade Consequences of the Farm Production Regulation: The Glyphosate Ban in the Sri Lankan Tea Industry." Industria: Jurnal Teknologi dan Manajemen Agroindustri 11, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.industria.2022.011.02.1.

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Abstract Tea manufacturing is an important industry for the Sri Lankan economy because it generates foreign income, which adds to gross domestic product of the country and creates employment opportunities. Tea has been exported to several countries from Sri Lanka for over a century, and Sri Lanka remains a leading tea exporter to date. Recently, the Sri Lankan government issues a policy which disadvantages the tea industry in the country. The government banned the use of glyphosate in the agricultural sector from 2015 to 2018 which directly or indirectly affects the tea industry. The policy brought a consequence where the farmers used illegal substances and other weedicides to control the weed. These consequences placed the Sri Lankan tea industry at risk since their final product is contains high amount of residual weedicide which exceeds the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL). In this paper, we use The Equilibrium Displacement Model to study the economic impact of rejections of tea consignments by Japan due to the excess use of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) in 2018. The demand of Sri Lankan bulk black tea by Japan has declined by 6.5% between 2017 and 2018. The estimated of the Sri Lankan tea industry from reduced demand for bulk black tea was Rs339 million. Keywords: tea industry, glyphosate ban, Sri Lanka Abstrak Teh adalah industri penting bagi perekonomian Sri Lanka karena menghasilkan devisa yang menambah produksi domestik bruto dan menciptakan lapangan kerja. Teh telah diekspor dari Sri Lanka selama lebih dari satu abad ke berbagai negara dan Sri Lanka tetap menjadi eksportir utama. Kebijakan pemerintah baru-baru ini yang memengaruhi sektor pertanian tidak menguntungkan bagi industri teh. Pelarangan penggunaan glifosat dari tahun 2015 hingga 2018 merupakan salah satu kebijakan yang berdampak signifikan terhadap industri teh, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Konsekuensi penggunaan formulasi pengendali gulma ilegal dan herbisida alternatif menempatkan industri teh pada keadaan yang beresiko melalui konsekuensi tidak disengaja dari kehilangan akses ke pasar ekspor teh karena insiden mengenai kelebihan Batas Maksimum Residu. Dalam tulisan ini, dampak ekonomi dari penolakan pengiriman teh dari Jepang karena penggunaan 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) yang berlebihan pada tahun 2018 diselidiki dengan menggunakan Equilibrium Displacement Model pada industri teh. Permintaan ekspor Jepang untuk teh hitam curah turun 6,5% antara 2017 dan 2018. Perkiraan kerugian surplus ekonomi industri teh Sri Lanka dari penurunan permintaan teh hitam curah adalah Rs339 juta. Kata kunci: industri teh, larangan penggunaan glifosat, Sri Lanka
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Jolliffe, Lee, and Mohamed S. M. Aslam. "Tea heritage tourism: evidence from Sri Lanka." Journal of Heritage Tourism 4, no. 4 (November 2009): 331–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17438730903186607.

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Nursodik, Hendi, Siswanto Santoso, and Suryani Nurfadillah. "Competitiveness and Determining Factors of Indonesian Tea Export Volume in the World Market." HABITAT 32, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.habitat.2021.032.3.18.

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Indonesia is one of the world's tea exporters, but the decline in the volume and value of its exports to date continues to occur. This study aims to 1) analyze the production trend and export volume of Indonesian tea. 2) analyze Indonesian tea competitiveness in the International market compared to other exporter countries (China, India, Kenya, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam). 3) analyze the determining factors of Indonesia's tea export volume to 7 major destination countries (Malaysia, Russia, Pakistan, USA, Germany, Poland, and Australia). The analysis methods used are simple linear regression, Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Trade Specialization Ratio (TSR), and data panel regression. The results showed that the production and volume of Indonesian tea export will decrease every year. Indonesian tea has a very strong comparative competitiveness, but still below India, Kenya, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam. Indonesia tends to be an exporter of tea to the international market at the stage of export expansion. Factors determining the volume of Indonesian export are Indonesian tea production, the population of importer countries, real GDP per capita of importer countries, level of trade openness of importer countries, and importer countries' inflation rate.
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M. Nazeeruddin and M.Jafarullah Baig. "Sri Lanka’s Economic crisis- An Eye Opener." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 7, no. 4 (April 15, 2022): 01–02. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2022.v07.i04.001.

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The Island country, Sri Lanka exports largely textiles, garments, rubber, tea, and coconut products and imports consumer goods, especially crude oil, coal and other petroleum products. For the first time in the history of Sri Lanka the worst economic crisis has been witnessed. The present government is grossly responsible for this kind of economic mess in Sri Lanka. People from all walks of life in Sri Lanka are struggling for want of sufficient money, fuel and food. This kind of misgovernance results in cascading effect which paralyses all the crucial and vital sectors of the economy.
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Daniel, E. Valentine. "Tea Talk: Violent Measures in the Discursive Practices of Sri Lanka's Estate Tamils." Comparative Studies in Society and History 35, no. 3 (July 1993): 568–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500018594.

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At the most manifest level, this paper is about agricultural and agronomic terminology as found in the discourse of Tamil-speaking workers on Sri Lanka's tea plantations or tea estates, as they are called there. My use of the terms agricultural and agronomic in this context is admittedly idiosyncratic. In the tea estates of Sri Lanka, two kinds of agricultural (in the unmarked sense) terminology are in use, one belonging to managerial agriculture and the other to folk agriculture. But by and large, the tea estate is the regime of managerial agriculture. Whereas in village India, folk agriculture prevails. I call the class of terms belonging to managerial agriculture, agronomic terminology, and reserve the term “agricultural terminology” for the domain of folk agriculture. By analyzing four communicative events that I observed and recorded on tea estates in Sri Lanka, I attempt to show how these two terminological worlds interact. The nature of that interaction is such that the dominant terminology of agronomy may be seen to be deconstructed by the subdominant terminology of village agriculture.
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Biyanwila, Janaka. "Union Strategies in the Sri Lankan Tea Plantations: Rediscovering the Movement Dimension." Economic and Labour Relations Review 14, no. 1 (June 2003): 64–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103530460301400106.

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With the launch of export-oriented industrialisation policies in 1977, trade unions in Sri Lanka entered a new set of challenges. The state promotion of labour market deregulation and privatisation has directly undermined union strategies based on bureaucratic modes of organising worker solidarity. Nevertheless, among the gamut of union strategies are tendencies characterising what is described as social movement unionism (SMU). The SMU approach focuses on strategies of independent unions combining participatory democracy internally with structured alliances externally. This paper looks at the case of a union in the tea plantations and its potential towards developing a SMU strategic orientation. In particular, the discussion focuses on the deepening of democratic tendencies within the unions which may be capable of reinforcing the movement dimension of unions.
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Siriwardana, Mahinda. "Looking beyond SAARC: some trade liberalisation options for Sri Lanka." Asian Studies Review 25, no. 4 (December 2001): 453–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10357820108713321.

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Verma, Renu, and Jaidev Dubey. "What Does Gravity Model Reveal About SAFTA?" Journal of Global Economy 6, no. 3 (September 30, 2010): 185–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v6i3.60.

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During last decade, the stalemate in multilateral trade negotiations under the framework of World Trade Organization (WTO) regime has provided impetus to the signing of regional trade agreements world over .South Asia is not an exception to this trend and has been involved in setting up its own bilateral and Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs). Most commonly cited cooperation agreements are Agreement on Trade and Commerce between India and Bhutan(1972), India-Nepal Bilateral Trade and Transit Treaties(1991), India–Sri Lanka Bilateral Free Trade Area(1998) Bangkok Agreement (1975), Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand Economic Cooperation (BIMST-EC-2004) and the Indian Ocean Rim Association of Regional Cooperation (IOR-ARC-1997). One of the most significant steps towards regional economic cooperation in the history of South Asian countries, was taken with signing of The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) formed in 1985 with the objective of exploiting “accelerated economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region” for the welfare of the peoples of South Asia. And then seven South Asian countries—Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka—initiated a framework for region-wide integration under the South Asian Preferential Trade Agreement (SAPTA) in 1995. In order to further cement the regional economic relations and overcome some impediments of SAPTA, the South Asia Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) was signed in early 2004, which came into force on 1st July 2006. The SAFTA is a parallel initiative to the multilateral trade liberalization commitments of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) member countries. SAFTA aims to reduce tariffs for intraregional trade among the seven SAARC member countries. It has been agreed that for the South Asian countries, Pakistan and India will eliminate all tariffs by 2012, Sri Lanka by 2013 and Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives and Nepal by 2015. The current paper is an attempt in assessing the potential trade in the region with latest dataset with Gravity model approach.
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Qiao, Yuhui, Niels Halberg, Saminathan Vaheesan, and Steffanie Scott. "Assessing the social and economic benefits of organic and fair trade tea production for small-scale farmers in Asia: a comparative case study of China and Sri Lanka." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 31, no. 3 (June 8, 2015): 246–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170515000162.

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AbstractOrganic agriculture has the potential to provide improved livelihood opportunities, increased income and social benefits for resource-poor small-scale farmers. It has thus become a popular strategy for economic development and poverty reduction in many areas of the global south. However, there has been limited empirical research regarding the actual benefits of certified organic production, particularly when organic is combined with fair trade certification, and for small-scale farmers who are not engaged in coffee or banana production. Further research is needed to demonstrate experiences of farmers under diverse socioeconomic conditions, organizational contexts and degrees of market access. To address these gaps, two surveys of certified organic and fair trade tea producers in China and Sri Lanka were undertaken to investigate the contributions of organic crops to the household economy. In both cases, organic production required lower investment in terms of external inputs but a higher input of farmers’ labor. The price premium received by farmers for the organic tea compensated for the extra labor input and lower yield, resulting in a net profit. However, given the relatively small plots of tea gardens of each household, organic production could not fully provide for the households’ livelihood. Non-farm income dominated the total income of the households across the study cases, despite the earnings from organic farming. In both sites, market-oriented organic tea projects have created more options for paid work locally, which benefits women of reproductive age. Social benefits of organic farming were also reported. Pursuing fair trade certification on top of organic production facilitated farmer organizing, training and community development. Organic agriculture and fair trade certification offer important prospects to improve the livelihoods of small-scale farmers in other, less favored areas of Asia. These forms of certified production could provide economic and social benefits in instances where farm income is the main source of household income.
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de Silva Jayasuriya, Shihan. "Recruiting Africans to the British Regiments in Ceylon: Spillover Effects of Abolition in the Atlantic." African and Asian Studies 10, no. 1 (2011): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156921011x558592.

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Abstract This paper focuses on the displacement of Africans, spurred by the tradition of recruiting soldiers to serve in both Asian and European armies. It considers the pressure to recruit Africans to the British regiments in Ceylon (called Sri Lanka since 1971) as documented in historical records in the National Archives and how this process was affected by Abolition in the Atlantic. It highlights the spillover effects, of abolishing the transatlantic slave trade, into other oceans.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tea trade Sri Lanka History"

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Jayasuriya, Rohan Terrence, and rohan jayasuriya@dpi nsw gov au. "Technological Change And Scarcity Of Soil In The Tea Sector Of Sri Lanka." La Trobe University. School of Business, 1998. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au./thesis/public/adt-LTU20070420.122921.

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This study analyses the technological change in the aggregate tea sector of Sri Lanka, by contributing to an understanding of total factor productivity change with assessment of the extent and nature of such changes from 1960/61 to 1994/95. The total factor productivity measures are then used to define a conceptually sound measure of the production cost of land degradation, providing insight into the scarcity of soil in the tea sector. Total factor productivity in the tea sector, increased at an estimated annual rate of 1.82 percent during the study period. This resulted from an estimated annual rate of increase of 0.01 percent in total output and a considerably larger rate of 1.81 percent annual decrease in total input. Thus, the reason for total factor productivity growth was largely due to cost savings associated with decreased use of inputs rather than increased output. Land and capital inputs showed significant negative growth trends, confirming a lack of long-term investment in the tea sector. As expected, all the partial factor productivities showed increases over the study period due to lower use of those individual inputs; the most significant changes occurring in the partial productivities of land and capital inputs. The terms of trade and the returns to costs ratio, exhibited an annual rate of decrease of around 3.7 percent and 1.9 percent, respectively. The producer terms of trade growth rate of -3.7 percent, has been brought about by an estimated annual rate of increase in prices received of 10.6 percent compared with an increase of 14.3 percent in prices paid. The Sri Lankan tea industry, once pre-eminent in the world, has been going through intermittent crises for a long time due to problems related to low productivity and the high cost of production. The management of the nationalised plantations proved inadequate to meet the task of adjusting to the new challenges of raising productivity and remaining competitive. The contribution of the tea industry to the economy declined. Among other causes, stagnating crop productivity was found to be an important factor. Land degradation in the form of soil erosion, was found to be a serious problem for the entire tea sector. Careless and ecologically unbalanced agricultural practices, have over the years, led to varying degrees of degradation of the tea soils. However, these physical measures of land degradation do not necessarily reveal an economic or social problem. In the second part of the study, an attempt is made to quantify the impact that land degradation has on tea production. Based on the theoretical relationship of the impact of technological progress and land degradation on tea production, a regression model was fitted to deconstruct the total factor productivity variable. The objective of this approach is to find an economic value for land degradation by quantifying the extent of this impact on aggregate tea production in Sri Lanka. One of the key points to come out of this estimation exercise, is the difficulty of isolating the impact of individual factors on measured total factor productivity. On the basis of available data and the chosen model, it could be concluded that the impact of technological progress has outweighed the negative effect of land degradation in the tea sector, over the study period. Considering the fact that investment in tea research is mainly on developing varieties of vegetatively propagated clonal tea, and the associated very long gestation periods involved, a much larger lag length of the order of 25-35 years is recommended for the research investment variable, to enable calculation of the marginal internal rate of return to public investment in tea. Importantly, a larger set of data will become available over the next decade or so which will enable appropriate lags to be incorporated in future research on productivity in the tea industry.
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Holmes, Hannah Louise. "An analysis of the impact of fair trade : a case study of tea producers in the central province of Sri Lanka." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2015. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/579547/.

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This thesis investigates the impact of fair trade on tea producers in the Central Province of Sri Lanka. A comparison study is undertaken between fair and conventional trade farmers to investigate the monetary and non-monetary benefits of fair trade involvement. The study of 7 villages in the Central Province, incorporates 40 fair trade tea producers, who are members of a cooperative, and 40 conventional trade tea producers selling to a local buyer. Undertaken in July 2009, the research analyses quantitative and qualitative data gathered by means of questionnaires and interviews, to examine the different experiences of the two types of producers in terms of monetary and non-monetary benefits. Monetary benefits examined include factors such as improved income, income sufficiency, secondary income activities, pre-finance measures and excess money. Non-monetary benefits examined include education gains, household development and labour hours on tea production. The results are compared with other impact studies with similarities and differences analysed. The empirical results presented suggest that there are no significant differences in tea income between the two groups. However, fair trade producers work fewer hours in tea production and are more likely to report both an improved and excess income. Furthermore, the fair trade producers report improved spending on food and savings and have a more diversified crop. The results are due to the increased productivity, the provision of loans and saving schemes and the increased time available to work on secondary income generating activities either on or off the farm resulting in an overall improvement in living standards. This study contributes to the existing literature on whether and how fair trade is able to improve the well-being of small producers by offering new insights into the importance of cooperative management, working hours, productivity improvement, effective savings schemes and pre-finance arrangements. These findings are considered important to the success of the cooperative and hence to fair trade producers extracting the full benefits of fair trade and as such they are recommended as focus areas for fair trade. New data is included from tea producers in the Central Province of Sri Lanka, a new region for in-depth study and a new context, as the majority of existing studies focus on coffee and banana production.
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Friedheim, Thomas. "An industrial organization approach towards the world tea economy with special focus on auction theory and futures markets (Sri Lanka, India, Indonesia) /." Saarbrücken : Verlag für Entwicklungspolitik Saarbrücken, 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/36240851.html.

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Books on the topic "Tea trade Sri Lanka History"

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Humbel, Rainer. Tea area changes in Sri Lanka: Analysis of regional distribution, processes, mechanisms and correlating factors of changes in the area cultivated with tea since 1956. Zurich: Dept. of Geography, University of Zurich, 1991.

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Weerakoon, R. The evolution of labour law in Sri Lanka: Tea plantation to free trade zone. Colombo: Ceylon Federation of Labour, 1986.

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Bird, Geoffrey. One man's empire. Long Preston: Magna, 2009.

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Betz, Joachim. Teepolitik in Sri Lanka. Hamburg: Institut für Asienkunde, 1987.

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Shanmugaratnam, N. Privatisation of tea plantations: The challenge of reforming production relations in Sri Lanka, an institutional historical perspective. Colombo: Social Scientists' Association, 1997.

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Strathern, Alan, ed. Sri Lanka at the crossroads of history. London: UCL Press, 2017.

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Human environment and spatial relationships in agricultural production: The case study of Sri Lanka and other tea producing countries. New York: P. Lang, 1992.

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An industrial organization approach towards the world tea economy: With special focus on auction theory and future markets (Sri Lanka, India, Indonesia). Saarbrücken: Verlag für Entwicklungspolitik Saarbrücken, 1996.

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Meadows, Mark Stephen. Tea time with terrorists: A motorcycle journey into the heart of Sri Lanka's civil war. Berkeley, Calif: Soft Skull Press, 2010.

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Tea time with terrorists: A motorcycle journey into the heart of Sri Lanka's civil war. Berkeley, Calif: Soft Skull Press, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tea trade Sri Lanka History"

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Maitra Bajpai, Lopamudra. "Prime Days of Coffee Trade in British Colonial Ceylon and the Forgotten History of Kompannavidiya Railway Station 1." In India, Sri Lanka and the SAARC Region, 62–66. 1 Edition. | New York : Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.: Routledge India, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429320514-13.

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McCarthy, Angela, and T. M. Devine. "A Scottish effect?" In Tea and Empire. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526119056.003.0010.

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James Taylor, of his fellow countrymen, had the most impact on the history of Sri Lanka but he was by no means the only Scot to make his mark there. Indeed, a tradition emerged within the British community that Scots, especially those from the northeast Lowlands, had been the master builders par excellence of the coffee economy until its final collapse in the 1880s. The accolade was also repeated during the period of tea cultivation which has thus far been mainly overlooked by scholars in assessments of the Scottish contribution to Sri Lanka. We document here why and how Ceylon came to be seen as a ‘Scotch colony’ in the nineteenth century and how the modern nation of Sri Lanka continues to remember aspects of its previous Scottish influence.
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Beaujard, Philippe. "Gujarat and Long-Distance Trade in the Indian Ocean Region before the Sixteenth Century." In Transregional Trade and Traders, 68–99. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199490684.003.0004.

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Northwestern India, and particularly Gujarat, played a crucial role in the history of the ancient world by building connections with various Indian Ocean regions. These included the Persian Gulf, southern Arabia, the Red Sea, and the Horn of Africa on one side, and southern India, Sri Lanka, and Southeast Asia on the other. Gujarat benefited from its agricultural potential and acted as a hub for various areas. This explains both its own success and the constant efforts by regional powers to control it. This chapter attempts to demonstrate the ways in which Gujarat proved able to assert its power and gradually become a major actor in exchanges in and around the Indian Ocean: exchanges that have connections to religious networks and places.
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Nattrass, Nicoli, and Jeremy Seekings. "Trajectories of Development and the Global Clothing Industry." In Inclusive Dualism, 54–79. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198841463.003.0004.

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Chapter 4 provides a history and analysis of development trajectories in the global clothing industry. Trade liberalization (specifically the end of import quotas from January 2005) and the rise of global value chains have changed the nature of the global economy since Lewis’s time. We use UNIDO data on remuneration, output, and employment to identify post-2004 national development trajectories showing that upgrading trajectories can be pro-labour (a rising wage share of value-added) or pro-capital (a rising profit share). Pro-labour trajectories can deliver rising average wages and employment (e.g. India and China) or higher average wages for fewer workers (e.g. Sri Lanka). Pro-capital trajectories can also deliver higher average wages and employment growth (e.g. Vietnam) or rising wages for fewer workers (e.g. South Africa). Downgrading trajectories are typically associated with falling average wages but can be associated with rising average wages (as in Turkey). The desirability of a particular development trajectory depends on the economic context, especially labour market conditions.
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