Journal articles: 'Tea loopers'

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Majumder, A. Basu, S. K. Pathak, and T. K. Hath. "EVALUATION OF SOME BIO-RATIONAL INSECTICIDES AGAINST THE LOOPER COMPLEX, HYPOSIDRA SPP. IN TEA PLANTATIONS OF DOOARS, WEST BENGAL." Journal of Biopesticides 5, no. 1 (June 1, 2011): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.5.1.91-95.

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ABSTRACT The efficacy of some bio-rational insecticides against tea looper complex, Hyposidra spp. was evaluated at two different locations of Dooars tea plantations, West Bengal. The results indicated that all the insecticides were effective in reducing the looper population to a significant level. However, in comparison to other insecticides, neem based insecticides could not give the desired level of control. Among the different treatments, diflubenzuron 25 WP @ 700g/ha caused maximum reduction of loopers over control in both the sprayings at both the locations [Location I: 66.91% and 65.54% reduction of loopers at 7 days after 1st and 2nd spraying respectively) and Location II: 68% and 50.85% reduction of loopers at 7 days after 1st and 2nd spraying respectively)] and appeared to be the best treatment against loopers. Bt-k @ 1000 mL/ha was the next best treatment for suppressing looper population at 7 days after 1st spraying (64.44% and 67.81% reduction of loopers at Location I and II respectively) which was at par with recommended insecticide deltamethrin 2.8 EC @ 200 mL/ha (65.14% and 62.16% reduction of loopers at Location I and II respectively). However, in 2nd spraying, its efficacy was declined. Both the doses of Neem based insecticides recorded 31-49% reduction of loopers after 1st spraying but this was reduced only to 9-17% after 2nd spraying, Thus, in consideration of the performance of the insecticides, diflubenzuron @700 g/ha and Bt-k @ 1000 mL/ha could be included in the IPM package of looper.

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Das, Soma, Ananda Mukhopadhyay, and Somnath Roy. "MORPHOLOGICAL DIVERSITY, DEVELOPMENTAL TRAITS AND SEASONAL OCCURRENCE OF LOOPER PESTS (LEPIDOPTERA : GEOMETRIDAE) OF TEA CROP." Journal of Biopesticides 03, no. 01 (June 1, 2010): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.3.1.16-19.

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ABSTRACT Caterpillars of three major geometrid species such as, Hyposidra talaca, H. infixaria and Buzura suppressaria frequently attack tea plantations of sub-Himalayan plains of Terai and the Dooars region. The feeding activity of these pests often leads to heavy defoliation of tea bushes almost throughout the year. A clear understanding of the morphological diversity of these sympatric species is necessary at all life stages in order to contemplate their management strategies. Field observations indicated that amongst the loopers there is a dominance of H. talaca and H. infixaria at different seasons compared to the third species, B. suppressaria. Although a clear morphological difference of the adult moths of three concerned species was evident along with their distinct morphometry and weights, the larval instars of the congeners of Hyposidra were difficult to distinguish. However, a significant difference was observed in their development periods, which were 55 days for H. talaca and 48 days for H. infixaria. A clear distinction of the concerned species based on morphometrics and weight of pupa was also evident. In recent past, loopers have assumed the status of severe pest of tea in the sub- Himalayan plains mainly due to invasion of the two species of Hyposidra that have joined B. suppressaria in sharing the tea leaves as their ideal host. The newer pest species of Hyposidra otherwise known to occur on forest and fruit plants have of late turned to be a major defoliator of tea.

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Koirala, Pramod, and Ananda Shova Tamrakar. "Common Pests and Pesticides used in High Value Crops: A Case Study on Some Selected Districts of Nepal." Journal of Food Science and Technology Nepal 7 (June 15, 2014): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v7i0.10608.

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This study was carried out in eight districts of Nepal to explore the pests, pesticides and other agro-chemicals used in high value crops viz. tea, coffee, honey and vegetables (tomato and brinjal). The study carried out districts for tea were Jhapa and Illam, whereas for vegetables Bara and Kavre. Similarly, honey was studied in Chitwan and Nawalparasi, whereas coffee in Gulmi and Lalitpur. The results revealed that different type of pests were found to be problematic in high value crops production. Loopers were the major pests in tea, borers in coffee, fruit fly in vegetables and mites in beekeeping. Different pesticides and some other agro-chemicals have been found to be used for pest management. Additionally, pesticide residues analysis for selected pesticides was carried out using GC-MS technique. The result of analysis showed that non of pesticides was found at the detection level of 0.7 parts per million. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v7i0.10608 J. Food Sci. Technol. Nepal, Vol. 7 (64-69), 2012

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Prasad, Anjali Km, Somnath Roy, Suzanne Neave, Ankur Jyoti Sarma, Pranjal Jyoti Phukan, Azizur Rahman, Narayanannair Muraleedharan, and Ananda Mukhopadhyay. "Sticky bands as effective tools to manage looper pests (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in tea crops." Entomologia Generalis 39, no. 3-4 (December 23, 2019): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2019/0735.

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5

Antony, Binu, Palatty Allesh Sinu, and Sudripta Das. "New record of nucleopolyhedroviruses in tea looper caterpillars in India." Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 108, no. 1 (September 2011): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2011.06.007.

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6

Hazarika, Bidisha, Gautam Kr Saikia, Joyshree Konwar, and Kollol Pratim Baruah. "Non-chemical Tea Pest Management Practices Adopted by Small Tea Growers of Dibrugarh & Tinsukia District of Assam, India." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 20 (September 27, 2023): 556–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i203839.

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The main objective of the present study was to meticulously document the non-chemical approaches to tea pest management employed by small tea growers in the Dibrugarh and Tinsukia districts of Assam. In response to the constraints imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, the research team resorted to telephonic interviews, utilizing a well-structured questionnaire to gather information from these tea growers. Through this method, the study successfully captured and documented the specific practices, materials, techniques, and methods utilized by these growers in their ongoing battle against tea pests. The study brought to light a diverse array of non-chemical methods that have been embraced by tea growers in this region. These practices, deeply rooted in traditional knowledge, demonstrated their remarkable effectiveness in pest management. What makes these findings particularly significant is the potential they hold for future scientific investigations. These traditional techniques, when subjected to rigorous validation and refinement, could find broader application in large-scale tea pest management initiatives, offering a more sustainable and eco-friendlier alternative to conventional chemical methods. A noteworthy aspect of these non-chemical practices is the sourcing of ingredients. These materials were found to be locally available and abundant, derived from both plant and animal origins. This accessibility not only ensures the practicality of these methods but also highlights their compatibility with the local ecosystem. Importantly, these traditional practices were identified as crucial tools in combating infestations by various pests, including the red spider mite (Oligonychus coffeae), tea mosquito bug (Helopeltis theivora), and looper caterpillar (Buzura suppresseria). In conclusion, this study focused on the valuable task of gathering insights into the non-chemical pest management methods practiced by small tea growers in the Dibrugarh and Tinsukia districts of Assam. Despite the adversities posed by the pandemic, the telephonic interviews proved to be a robust means of collecting invaluable information about these practices. The study not only underscored the efficacy of these traditional methods but also emphasized their potential for further scientific exploration and subsequent integration into broader tea pest management strategies. This presents a promising and environmentally friendly path forward for the tea industry in this region and beyond.

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7

Paul, SK, M. Ahmed, MSA Mamun, and MJ Alam. "Diversity of insect, mite and nematode species in tea ecosystem of Bangladesh." Journal of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Management 3, no. 1 (May 22, 2018): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcbm.v3i1.36758.

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The study was undertaken on insect, mite and nematode species diversity in Bangladesh Tea Research Institute (BTRI) main farm, Baraoora and Phulcherra tea estates in Sreemangal, Bangladesh from the period of 2014 to 2015. The study was done through direct field observations, sweeping net, food trap, sticky trap, light trap and Baermann Funnel method. A total of 71 insect, mite and nematode species was recorded belonging to 45 families under 14 orders. Among these, 25.35% species were foliar insects and mites, 26.76% soil insects and nematodes, 21.13% beneficial insects and 26.76% butterflies. All the foliar and soil insects, mites and nematodes were found as recognized pests of tea. The highest number of individuals among foliar pest was the red spider mite (Oligonychus coffeae) and the lowest number was the coffee red borer (Zeuzera coffeae). Of the soil pests, 77.47% species were termites, 14.33% nematodes, 4.86% field cricket, 2.63% mole cricket and 0.72% cockchafer grub. Regarding the soil pests, live wood termite (Microtermes obesi) was the highest and dagger nematode (Xiphinema sp.) was the lowest in number. One species of foliar insect, looper caterpillar (Hyposidra infixaria) and three species of nematodes, viz. reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus sp.), ring nematode (Criconemoides sp.) and dagger nematode (Xiphinema sp.) were recorded for the first time as tea pest in Bangladesh. In case of beneficial insects, 81.49% species were predators, 16.73% parasitoids and 1.78% parasites. Lady bird beetle (Micraspis discolor) was the highest in number and anthocorids (Anthocoris sp.) were the lowest. Nineteen species of butterflies were found. Of the observed butterflies, lemon emigrant (Catopsilia pomona) was the highest and large oakblue (Arhopala amantes) was the lowest in number. According to pest status, tea mosquito bug, red spider mite, thrips, looper caterpillar, live wood termites, root knot nematode and root lesion nematode were major, and the rest of those were occasionally regarded as minor pest. The population of most of the pest species was higher in peak cropping season (April-November), whereas the lowest population was recorded in off season (December-February). According to diversity indices, the diversity of foliar pest was higher than the other groups and the foliar pest was more evenly distributed in comparison to soil, beneficial insects and butterflies.J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2017, 3(1): 31-44

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8

Chen, Shi-Chun, Xiao-Qing Wang, Jin-Jun Wang, Xiang Hu, and Ping Peng. "The complete mitochondrial genome of a tea pest looper, Buzura suppressaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)." Mitochondrial DNA Part A 27, no. 5 (February 11, 2015): 3153–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19401736.2015.1007310.

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9

Kostov, Ivan, Didina Serban, and Dinh-Long Vu. "Boundary TBA, trees and loops." Nuclear Physics B 949 (December 2019): 114817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2019.114817.

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10

Ma, Xiu-Cui, Jin-Yan Shang, Zhang-Nv Yang, Yan-Yuan Bao, Qiang Xiao, and Chuan-Xi Zhang. "Genome sequence and organization of a nucleopolyhedrovirus that infects the tea looper caterpillar, Ectropis obliqua." Virology 360, no. 1 (March 2007): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2006.10.024.

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11

Das, Rupjyoti, Gautam Handique, Somnath Roy, and Rashmi Rekha Saikia. "On biological parameters of tea looper Biston (Buzura) suppressaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) as influenced by host plants." Indian Journal of Entomology 80, no. 3 (2018): 1060. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8172.2018.00174.8.

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12

Prasad, Anjali Km, and Ananda Mukhopadhyay. "First Attempt of Complete Rearing of Tea Looper, Biston (=Buzura) suppressaria, on Artificial and Natural Diet." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences 86, no. 4 (May 22, 2015): 897–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40011-015-0532-y.

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13

Ohtani, Kazuya, Witjaksono, Takehiko Fukumoto, Fumiaki Mochizuki, Masanobu Yamamoto, and Tetsu Ando. "Mating disruption of the Japanese giant looper in tea gardens permeated with synthetic pheromone and related compounds." Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 100, no. 2 (July 2001): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1570-7458.2001.00865.x.

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14

Li, Qian, Xiaoxi Wang, Xuexin Chen, and Baoyu Han. "Complete mitochondrial genome of the tea looper caterpillar, Ectropis obliqua (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) with a phylogenetic analysis of Geometridae." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 114 (July 2018): 491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.038.

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15

Kishimoto, Akihiro. "Dealing with Infinite Loops, Underestimation, and Overestimation of Depth-First Proof-Number Search." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 24, no. 1 (July 3, 2010): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v24i1.7534.

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Depth-first proof-number search (df-pn) is powerful AND/OR tree search to solve positions in games. However, df-pn has a notorious problem of infinite loops when applied to domains with repetitions. Df-pn(r) cures it by ignoring proof and disproof numbers that may lead to infinite loops. This paper points out that df-pn(r) has a serious issue of underestimating proof and disproof numbers, while it also suffers from the overestimation problem occurring in directed acyclic graph. It then presents two practical solutions to these problems. While bypassing infinite loops, the threshold controlling algorithm (TCA) solves the underestimation problem by increasing the thresholds of df-pn. The source node detection algorithm (SNDA) detects the cause of overestimation and modifies the computation of proof and disproof numbers. Both TCA and SNDA are implemented on top of df-pn to solve tsume-shogi (checkmating problem in Japanese chess). Results show that df-pn with TCA and SNDA is far superior to df-pn(r). Our tsume-shogi solver is able to solve several difficult positions previously unsolved by any other solvers.

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Lu, Jie, Yuanyang Hu, Liu Hu, Shan Zong, Dawei Cai, Junping Wang, Haiyang Yu, and Jiamin Zhang. "Ectropis obliqua picorna-like virus IRES-driven internal initiation of translation in cell systems derived from different origins." Journal of General Virology 88, no. 10 (October 1, 2007): 2834–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.83201-0.

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Ectropis obliqua picorna-like virus (EoPV) is an insect RNA virus that causes a lethal granulosis infection of larvae of the tea looper (Ectropis obliqua). An internal ribosome entry site (IRES) mediates translation initiation of EoPV RNA. Here, bicistronic constructs were used to examine the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of EoPV for IRES activity. The capacities of the EoPV 5′ UTR IRES and another insect virus IRES, the cricket paralysis virus intergenic region IRES, to mediate internal translation initiation in a variety of translation systems were also compared. The results demonstrated that the EoPV IRES functioned efficiently not only in mammalian cell-derived systems, but also in an insect cell-derived translation system. However, it functioned inefficiently in a plant cell-derived translation system. This study reveals the host preferences of the EoPV IRES and important differences in IRES function between the EoPV IRES and other characterized picorna-like insect viral IRESs.

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Chen, Liang, Zachary Carico, Han-Yu Shih, and Michael Krangel. "A CTCF-dependent regulatory element in the mouse TCRα/δ locus shapes the TCRα/δ repertoire (HEM2P.233)." Journal of Immunology 194, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2015): 51.3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.51.3.

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Abstract The diversity of antigen receptors on T and B lymphocytes is generated by the assembly of variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) gene segments. At the TCRα/δ locus, Vδ-Dδ-Jδ rearrangement occurs in CD4−CD8− double-negative (DN) thymocytes, whereas Vα and Jα are joined in CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) thymocytes. We previously showed that CTCF is an important regulator of chromatin conformation and Vα-Jα recombination in DP thymocytes. Here we show that INT1-2, a pair of CTCF-binding elements (CBEs), plays an important role in shaping the TCRδ repertoire in DN thymocytes. INT1-2-/- mice have a restricted TCRδ repertoire with Vδ4 being strongly predominant. Chromatin conformation capture assays showed that INT1-2-deletion disrupts a stable loop between INT2 and TEA CBEs and promotes the formation of new interactions between TEA and CBEs that are upstream of INT1-2. This alteration of chromatin loops disrupts a locus conformation designed to grant diverse Vδ segments an opportunity to pair with Dδ and Jδ segments. Additional analysis of INT1-2-/- DP thymocytes revealed a restricted TCRα repertoire, which we believe occurs as a consequence of the restricted TCRδ repertoire.

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Das, Soma, and Ananda Mukhopadhyay. "Host-based life cycle traits and detoxification enzymes of major looper pests (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) of tea from Darjeeling Terai, India." Phytoparasitica 42, no. 2 (November 24, 2013): 275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12600-013-0358-1.

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19

Antony, Binu. "Detection of nucleopolyhedroviruses in the eggs and caterpillars of tea looper caterpillarHyposidra infixaria(Walk.) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) as evidence of transovarial transmission." Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection 47, no. 12 (October 16, 2013): 1426–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2013.845469.

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Virgilio, Antonella, Veronica Esposito, Annalisa Pecoraro, Annapina Russo, Valentina Vellecco, Antonietta Pepe, Mariarosaria Bucci, Giulia Russo, and Aldo Galeone. "Structural properties and anticoagulant/cytotoxic activities of heterochiral enantiomeric thrombin binding aptamer (TBA) derivatives." Nucleic Acids Research 48, no. 22 (December 3, 2020): 12556–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa1109.

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Abstract The thrombin binding aptamer (TBA) possesses promising antiproliferative properties. However, its development as an anticancer agent is drastically impaired by its concomitant anticoagulant activity. Therefore, suitable chemical modifications in the TBA sequence would be required in order to preserve its antiproliferative over anticoagulant activity. In this paper, we report structural investigations, based on circular dichroism (CD) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and biological evaluation of four pairs of enantiomeric heterochiral TBA analogues. The four TBA derivatives of the d-series are composed by d-residues except for one l-thymidine in the small TT loops, while their four enantiomers are composed by l-residues except for one d-thymidine in the same TT loop region. Apart from the left-handedness for the l-series TBA derivatives, CD and NMR measurements have shown that all TBA analogues are able to adopt the antiparallel, monomolecular, ‘chair-like’ G-quadruplex structure characteristic of the natural D-TBA. However, although all eight TBA derivatives are endowed with remarkable cytotoxic activities against colon and lung cancer cell lines, only TBA derivatives of the l-series show no anticoagulant activity and are considerably resistant in biological environments.

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Tu Hoang, J. Holleman, Phuong LeMinh, J. Schmitz, T. Mchedlidze, T. Arguirov, and M. Kittler. "Influence of Dislocation Loops on the Near-Infrared Light Emission From Silicon Diodes." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 54, no. 8 (August 2007): 1860–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ted.2007.901072.

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22

Abdollahi-Kalkhoran, Arezoo, Shahriar Lotfi, and Habib Izadkhah. "TEA-SEA: Tiling and scheduling of non-uniform two-level perfectly nested loops using an evolutionary approach." Expert Systems with Applications 191 (April 2022): 116152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2021.116152.

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23

Shah, Shahil, Przemyslaw Koralewicz, Vahan Gevorgian, and Leila Parsa. "Small-Signal Modeling and Design of Phase-Locked Loops Using Harmonic Signal-Flow Graphs." IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 35, no. 2 (June 2020): 600–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tec.2019.2954112.

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Guo, Lixian, and Dan Zhao. "Effects of temperature difference and operating pressures on heat-driven acoustic characteristics and nonlinear behaviors in a looped tube traveling wave thermoacoustic engine." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, no. 4_supplement (October 1, 2023): A286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0023544.

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In this work, the output heat-driven acoustic characteristics and dynamic thermal-fluid flow fields in a looped-tube traveling-wave thermoacoustic engine (TWTAE) are numerically investigated. Emphasis is placed on optimizing acoustic power output from the TWTAE by varying its operating pressure and temperature difference across the regenerator. For this, a time domain full-scale 3-D traveling-wave TAE model is developed, and then validated by comparing with those results obtained from the experimental data available in the literature. The present results indicate that the acoustic pressure oscillations and the acoustic power are increased with increased operating pressure of the working gas. Furthermore, nonlinear acoustics and flow dynamics in the heat-driven acoustic and flow fields of the TWTAE such as vortex generation around the regenerator and Gedeon streaming are observed. Considering the comprehensive acoustic characteristics, the optimal heat-driven acoustic power output, and thermo-acoustics energy conversion efficiency are achieved, as the working air pressure is set to 0.4 MPa. Increasing the temperature difference across the regenerator can further improve the acoustic power output from the TWTAE. In summary, the present 3-D model can be used as a design tool for predicting and optimizing looped tube traveling-wave TAE performances with detailed thermos-fluid dynamics and acoustics characteristics.

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Sarkar, Suman, Azariah Babu, Kaushik Chakraborty, and Bhabesh Deka. "BIOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORY OF COTESIA RUFICRUS (HYMENOPTERA:BRACONIDAE) A POTENTIAL PARASITOID OF HYPOSIDRA TALAC (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE) LARVAE, A MAJOR TEA PEST." Journal of Biopesticides 13, no. 01 (June 1, 2020): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.13.1.79-84.

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ABSTRACT The black inch looper, Hyposidra talaca is considered as a major pest in tea in northern part of West Bengal and North East India. Among the natural enemy reported, Cotesia ruficrus is considered as one of the most gregarious endo-parasitoid wasps. In order to assess the potential of this natural enemy, a study on the biological parameters of C. ruficrus was evaluated on the different developmental stages (second, third and fourth instars) of the host larvae, H. talaca. The results indicated that, the mean duration of larval development was 12.0 ± 0.32, 11.0 ± 0.45 and 9.2±0.37 days in second, third and fourth instar host larvae respectively. The pupal period of C. ruficrus was found to be significantly different among the different larval stages of H. talaca. The successful parasitism of C. ruficrus and the number of cocoon formation of the parasitic wasp was reliant on the stage, body size and the physiological conditions of host larvae that it parasitizes. A maximum of 65.2±1.85 cocoons were formed when the fourth instar host larvae parasitized, followed by 27.2±3.04 in the third instar and 4.6±0.68 in the second instar host larvae. The number of females and males hatched out from each clutch was compared to the different host stages. .

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Wolff, Jonas O., Julia Lovtsova, Elena Gorb, Zhendong Dai, Aihong Ji, Zhihui Zhao, Nan Jiang, and Stanislav N. Gorb. "Strength of silk attachment to Ilex chinensis leaves in the tea bagworm Eumeta minuscula (Lepidoptera, Psychidae)." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 14, no. 128 (March 2017): 20170007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2017.0007.

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Silks play an important role in the life of various arthropods. A highly neglected prerequisite to make versatile use of silks is sufficient attachment to substrates. Although there have been some studies on the structure and mechanics of silk anchorages of spiders, for insects only anecdotal reports on attachment-associated spinning behaviour exist. Here, we experimentally studied the silk attachment of the pupae and last instar caterpillars of the tea bagworm Eumeta minuscula (Butler 1881) (Lepidoptera, Psychidae) to the leaves of its host plant Ilex chinensis . We found that the bagworms spin attachment discs, which share some structural features with those of spiders, like a plaque consisting of numerous overlaid, looped glue-coated silk fibres and the medially attaching suspension thread. Although the glue, which coats the fibres, cannot spread and adhere very well to the leaf surface, high pull-off forces were measured, yielding a mean safety factor (force divided by the animal weight) of 385.6. Presumably, the bagworms achieve this by removal of the leaf epidermis prior to silk attachment, which exposes the underlying tissue that represents a much better bonding site. This ensures a reliable attachment during the immobile, vulnerable pupal stage. This is the first study on the biomechanics and structure of silk attachments to substrates in insects.

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Tibboel, D., C. Vermey-Keers, P. Klück, J. L. J. Gaillard, J. Koppenberg, and J. C. Molenaar. "The natural history of gastroschisis during fetal life: Development of the fibrous coating on the bowel loops." Teratology 33, no. 3 (June 1986): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tera.1420330303.

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Kotkowiak, Weronika, Zofia Jahnz-Wechmann, and Anna Pasternak. "A Comprehensive Analysis of the Thrombin Binding Aptamer Containing Functionalized Pyrrolo-2’-deoxycytidines." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 12 (December 18, 2021): 1326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14121326.

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Aptamers constitute an answer for the growing need for targeted therapy development. One of the most well-known representatives of this group of compounds is thrombin binding aptamers (TBA) targeted towards thrombin. The TBA inhibitory activity is determined by its spatial arrangement, which consists of two G-tetrads linked by two shorter TT loops and one longer TGT loop and folds into a unimolecular, antiparallel G-quadruplex structure. Interesting properties of the aptamer can be further improved via the introduction of a number of chemical modifications. Herein, a comprehensive analysis of the influence of pyrrolo-2’-deoxycytidine (Py-dC) and its derivatives on TBA physicochemical and biological properties has been presented. The studies have shown that the presence of modified residues at the T7 position of the TGT loop has only minor effects on TBA thermodynamic stability without affecting its folding topology. All analyzed oligomers exhibit anticoagulant properties, but only aptamer modified with a decyl derivative of Py-dC was able to inhibit thrombin activity more efficiently than unmodified, parental compounds. Importantly, the same compound also possessed the potential to effectively restrain HeLa cell line growth.

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Benigno, Daniela, Antonella Virgilio, Ivana Bello, Sara La Manna, Valentina Vellecco, Mariarosaria Bucci, Daniela Marasco, Elisabetta Panza, Veronica Esposito, and Aldo Galeone. "Properties and Potential Antiproliferative Activity of Thrombin-Binding Aptamer (TBA) Derivatives with One or Two Additional G-Tetrads." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 23 (November 29, 2022): 14921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314921.

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In this paper, we study the biological properties of two TBA analogs containing one and two extra G-tetrads, namely TBAG3 and TBAG4, respectively, and two further derivatives in which one of the small loops at the bottom (TBAG41S) or the large loop at the top (TBAG4GS) of the TBAG4 structure has been completely modified by replacing all loop residues with abasic site mimics. The therapeutical development of the TBA was hindered by its low thermodynamic and nuclease stability, while its potential as an anticancer/antiproliferative molecule is also affected by the anticoagulant activity, being a side effect in this case. In order to obtain suitable TBA analogs and to explore the involvement of specific aptamer regions in biological activity, the antiproliferative capability against DU 145 and MDAMB 231 cancer cell lines (MTT), the anticoagulant properties (PT), the biological degradability (nuclease stability assay) and nucleolin (NCL) binding ability (SPR) of the above described TBA derivatives have been tested. Interestingly, none of the TBA analogs exhibits an anticoagulant activity, while all of them show antiproliferative properties to the same extent. Furthermore, TBAG4 displays extraordinary nuclease stability and promising antiproliferative properties against breast cancer cells binding NCL efficiently. These results expand the range of G4-structures targeting NCL and the possibility of developing novel anticancer and antiviral drugs.

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Dowson, G. R. M., I. Dimitriou, R. E. Owen, D. G. Reed, R. W. K. Allen, and P. Styring. "Kinetic and economic analysis of reactive capture of dilute carbon dioxide with Grignard reagents." Faraday Discussions 183 (2015): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5fd00049a.

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Carbon Dioxide Utilisation (CDU) processes face significant challenges, especially in the energetic cost of carbon capture from flue gas and the uphill energy gradient for CO₂reduction. Both of these stumbling blocks can be addressed by using alkaline earth metal compounds, such as Grignard reagents, as sacrificial capture agents. We have investigated the performance of these reagents in their ability to both capture and activate CO₂directly from dried flue gas (essentially avoiding the costly capture process entirely) at room temperature and ambient pressures with high yield and selectivity. Naturally, to make the process sustainable, these reagents must then be recycled and regenerated. This would potentially be carried out using existing industrial processes and renewable electricity. This offers the possibility of creating a closed loop system whereby alcohols and certain hydrocarbons may be carboxylated with CO₂and renewable electricity to create higher-value products containing captured carbon. A preliminary Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA) of an example looped process has been carried out to identify the electrical and raw material supply demands and hence determine production costs. These have compared broadly favourably with existing market values.

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Arakawa, Kazuto, and Hirotaro Mori. "In-Situ TEM Observation of the One-Dimensional Diffusion of Nanometer-Sized Prismatic Dislocation Loops." Materia Japan 48, no. 1 (2009): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia.48.11.

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Seelam Prabhakar, Preethi, Richard A. Manderville, and Stacey D. Wetmore. "Impact of the Position of the Chemically Modified 5-Furyl-2′-Deoxyuridine Nucleoside on the Thrombin DNA Aptamer–Protein Complex: Structural Insights into Aptamer Response from MD Simulations." Molecules 24, no. 16 (August 10, 2019): 2908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24162908.

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Aptamers are functional nucleic acids that bind to a range of targets (small molecules, proteins or cells) with a high affinity and specificity. Chemically-modified aptamers are of interest because the incorporation of novel nucleobase components can enhance aptamer binding to target proteins, while fluorescent base analogues permit the design of functional aptasensors that signal target binding. However, since optimally modified nucleoside designs have yet to be identified, information about how to fine tune aptamer stability and target binding affinity is required. The present work uses molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate modifications to the prototypical thrombin-binding aptamer (TBA), which is a 15-mer DNA sequence that folds into a G-quadruplex structure connected by two TT loops and one TGT loop. Specifically, we modeled a previously synthesized thymine (T) analog, namely 5-furyl-2′-deoxyuridine (5FurU), into each of the six aptamer locations occupied by a thymine base in the TT or TGT loops of unbound and thrombin bound TBA. This modification and aptamer combination were chosen as a proof-of-principle because previous experimental studies have shown that TBA displays emissive sensitivity to target binding based on the local environment polarity at different 5FurU modification sites. Our simulations reveal that the chemically-modified base imparts noticeable structural changes to the aptamer without affecting the global conformation. Depending on the modification site, 5FurU performance is altered due to changes in the local environment, including the modification site structural dynamics, degree of solvent exposure, stacking with neighboring bases, and interactions with thrombin. Most importantly, these changes directly correlate with the experimentally-observed differences in the stability, binding affinity and emissive response of the modified aptamers. Therefore, the computational protocols implemented in the present work can be used in subsequent studies in a predictive way to aid the fine tuning of aptamer target recognition for use as biosensors (aptasensors) and/or therapeutics.

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Philipps, Anthony F., Pamela J. Kling, James G. Grille, and Bohuslav Dvořák. "Intestinal Transport of Insulin‐Like Growth Factor‐I (IGF‐I) in the Suckling Rat." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 35, no. 4 (October 2002): 539–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.2002.tb07882.x.

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ABSTRACTObjectivesInsulin‐Like Growth Factor‐1 is a potent growth‐promoting peptide that is present in mammalian milk. Previous studies have suggested that milk‐borne IGF‐1 may be absorbed intact from the gastrointestinal tract of the suckling but the mechanism responsible for such transport is not well documented. The present study was designed to investigate in an in vivo suckling rat model whether or not intestinal absorption of IGF‐1 is a saturable phenomenon.MethodsSuckling rats (10–12 days postnatal age) were studied under anesthesia. A jejunal loop from each rat pup was isolated and injected intraluminally with 1–2 × 105 cpm of rh125I‐IGF‐I. Injections were performed in paired littermates either with or without a preceding injection of unlabeled IGF‐I of 20, 500, or 1000 ng/ml concentration. After flushing, the loops and livers were homogenized and counted in a gamma counter. In addition, homogenates of jejunum and liver were precipitated with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and the precipitates also counted. In selected instances (jejunum), acid gel chromatography of homogenates was also performed.ResultsRetention of radioactivity was observed in all jejunal specimens, but the pre‐incubation of jejunal loops with unlabeled IGF‐1 was associated with a biphasic response, i.e. at low dose (20 ng/ml) pre‐incubation limited retention of radioactivity, but at a high dose (1000 ng/ml), retention was enhanced (P < 0.05). Linear regression analysis confirmed this inverse relationship. Liver radioactivity followed a similar pattern. Between 40 and 49% of the radioactivity in jejunal and liver homogenates was TCA precipitable. Chromatography of jejunal homogenates showed that approximately 40% of cpm migrated in a position identical with that of intact IGF‐1.ConclusionsThe intestinal uptake of IGF‐1 in the suckling is nonsaturable, confirming previous in vitro studies and suggesting that a nonreceptor‐dependent method of transepithelial transport is important in this process.

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Salas, Lucas A., Ze Zhang, Laurent Perreard, Fred W. Kolling, Jason R. Pettus, and Brock C. Christensen. "Abstract B006: Dissecting metabolic alterations of clear cell renal cell carcinomas one cell at a time." Cancer Research 83, no. 16_Supplement (August 15, 2023): B006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.kidney23-b006.

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Abstract Pseudohypoxia-related metabolic alterations are known to exist in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Here we characterized single-cell metabolic pathways with the 10Xmultiome assay comparing metabolic and compositional shifts in tumor vs. normal-adjacent samples. We analyzed 57 tumor and 6 normal-adjacent samples from the Dartmouth Renal Tumors Biobank collected between 1994-2009. Samples were enzymatically disassociated and stored at -80 C until 10X multiome processing. RNA counts were extracted using Seurat, cell types were deconvolved using Azimuth, and 85 KEGG metabolic pathways were interrogated using scMetabolism scores. Linear mixed-effects models compared the metabolic scores in 10 cell lineages (juxtaglomerular apparatus, glomeruli, proximal tubule system, nephron loop, distal tubules, collecting ducts, lymphoid, myeloid, endothelia, and other stroma cells) between tumor and normal adjacent adjusting for sex, patient age, stage and grade as fixed-effects and donor, and year of collection, as random-effects. P-values were calculated using Satterthwaite's method. The mean age at diagnosis was 61.7 yrs (SD: 12.5), and 67% were stages I/II. 79,804 tumor and 5,967 normal-adjacent cells were analyzed. 34,318 cells were nephron epithelia (juxtaglomerular, glomeruli, renal tubules), 5,947 were collecting ducts, 18,959 were immune, 13,445 were endothelial, and 13,112 were other stromal cells. Out of 85 KEGG metabolic pathways, nine were prioritized based on the kidney cancer literature; glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, TCA cycle, fatty acid biosynthesis, glutamine/glutamate, arachidonic acids, phenylalanine metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, and glutathione. When comparing vs. the corresponding normal adjacent cell type, in tumor cells: 1) glutamine/glutamate expression increased in lymphoid, endothelial, and stromal cells; 2) fatty acid biosynthesis increased in myeloid and reduced in lymphoid, collecting ducts-like, and nephron loop-like cells, 3) glutathione and glycolysis increased in glomeruli-like and nephron loops-like, 4) glycolysis increased in collecting ducts-like and endothelial, 5) oxidative phosphorylation and TCA cycle genes decreased in distal tubules-like, collecting ducts-like, and endothelia, 6) arachidonic acid metabolism increased in nephron loops-like and glomeruli-like, and 7) phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis decreased in nephron loops-like, distal tubules-like, and collecting ducts-like cells. Cell-specific metabolic shifts were observed between tumor and normal adjacent samples that cannot be explained only by sample heterogeneity or cell lineages. Oxidative phosphorylation and TCA cycle modifications were observed in tumor endothelia and cells resembling distal tubules and collecting ducts. Similarly, glutamate and fatty acid alterations were focused on tumor microenvironment immune cells. Further dissecting these findings will provide additional therapeutic avenues for newer targets, such as glutaminase inhibitors and combinations with current therapies. Citation Format: Lucas A. Salas, Ze Zhang, Laurent Perreard, Fred W. Kolling, Jason R. Pettus, Brock C. Christensen. Dissecting metabolic alterations of clear cell renal cell carcinomas one cell at a time [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Kidney Cancer Research; 2023 Jun 24-27; Austin, Texas. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(16 Suppl):Abstract nr B006.

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Sánchez, T., José Luis Sánchez Llamazares, B. Hernando, J. D. Santos, M. L. Sánchez, M. J. Perez, Joan Josep Suñol, Reiko Sato Turtelli, and Roland Grössinger. "Annealing Effect on Martensitic Transformation and Magneto-Structural Properties of Ni-Mn-In Melt Spun Ribbons." Materials Science Forum 635 (December 2009): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.635.81.

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We report the effect of a short-time vacuum annealing (1073 K during 10 minutes) on structural phase transition temperatures and magneto-structural properties of as-quenched ribbons of the Heusler alloy Ni50.6Mn34.5In14.9. This alloy crystallizes in a single phase cubic B2-type austenite with a Curie point of TCA=284 K that with the lowering in temperature transforms into a martensite with TCM185 K. The direct and reverse martensitic phase transition temperatures were MS=257 K, Mf = 221 K, AS = 239 K, and Af = 266 K. After annealing austenite shows the highly ordered L21-type structure while the average chemical composition as well as the structural and magnetic transition temperatures were shifted to Ni50.2Mn34.3In15.5 and MS = 253 K, Mf = 238 K, AS = 257 K, Af = 265 K, ΔT = 13 K, TCA = 299 K and TCM207 K. In the annealed samples the magnetization changes associated to the magnetic and structural transitions are more abrupt and magnetization isotherms in both the austenitic and martensitic existence region show higher initial magnetic susceptibility and faster approach to saturation. Field-cooled hysteresis loops at 10 K were shifted along the negative H-axis for both samples, but a significant anomaly was evident on the left side of the hysteresis loop for as-quenched ribbons.

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Liu, Yankun, Meichen Zhu, Wenjie Wang, Xuemei Li, Na Bai, Meihua Xie, and Jinkui Yang. "AoMae1 Regulates Hyphal Fusion, Lipid Droplet Accumulation, Conidiation, and Trap Formation in Arthrobotrys oligospora." Journal of Fungi 9, no. 4 (April 21, 2023): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9040496.

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Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) is a key enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and is essential for energy balance, growth, and tolerance to cold and salt stresses in plants. However, the role of MDH in filamentous fungi is still largely unknown. In this study, we characterized an ortholog of MDH (AoMae1) in a representative nematode-trapping (NT) fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora via gene disruption, phenotypic analysis, and nontargeted metabolomics. We found that the loss of Aomae1 led to a weakening of MDH activity and ATP content, a remarkable decrease in conidia yield, and a considerable increase in the number of traps and mycelial loops. In addition, the absence of Aomae1 also caused an obvious reduction in the number of septa and nuclei. In particular, AoMae1 regulates hyphal fusion under low nutrient conditions but not in nutrient-rich conditions, and the volumes and sizes of the lipid droplets dynamically changed during trap formation and nematode predation. AoMae1 is also involved in the regulation of secondary metabolites such as arthrobotrisins. These results suggest that Aomae1 has an important role in hyphal fusion, sporulation, energy production, trap formation, and pathogenicity in A. oligospora. Our results enhance the understanding of the crucial role that enzymes involved in the TCA cycle play in the growth, development, and pathogenicity of NT fungi.

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Yang, Lei, Mengxue Xu, and Yunan He. "Unraveling Convolution Neural Networks: A Topological Exploration of Kernel Evolution." Applied Sciences 14, no. 5 (March 6, 2024): 2197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14052197.

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Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have become essential in deep learning applications, especially in computer vision, yet their complex internal mechanisms pose significant challenges to interpretability, crucial for ethical applications. Addressing this, our paper explores CNNs by examining their topological changes throughout the learning process, specifically employing persistent homology, a core method within Topological Data Analysis (TDA), to observe the dynamic evolution of their structure. This approach allows us to identify consistent patterns in the topological features of CNN kernels, particularly through shifts in Betti curves, which is a key concept in TDA. Our analysis of these Betti curves, initially focusing on the zeroth and first Betti numbers (respectively referred to as Betti-0 and Betti-1, which denote the number of connected components and loops), reveals insights into the learning dynamics of CNNs and potentially indicates the effectiveness of the learning process. We also discover notable differences in topological structures when CNNs are trained on grayscale versus color datasets, indicating the need for more extensive parameter space adjustments in color image processing. This study not only enhances the understanding of the intricate workings of CNNs but also contributes to bridging the gap between their complex operations and practical, interpretable applications.

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Scott, R. B., and D. T. Tan. "Neural modulation of canine duodenal bile acid delivery in the interdigestive and postprandial periods." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 264, no. 2 (February 1, 1993): G357—G366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1993.264.2.g357.

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The neural modulation of gallbladder filling-emptying and duodenal delivery of canine hepatic biliary output was studied in conscious dogs using transient cold blockade or transection of the cervical vagosympathetic nerves previously isolated in skin loops on either side of the neck. Gallbladder filling-emptying was defined as the algebraic difference between a steady-state rate of hepatic secretion [established by a continuous intravenous infusion of [14C]taurocholic acid (TCA)] and the duodenal rate of delivery of [14C]TCA (measured by duodenal marker perfusion). Duodenal motility was recorded manometrically. Experiments in the fasted and fed state were performed under control conditions, during cold blockade, and after transection of the cervical vagosympathetic nerves. Under control conditions: 1) during fasting, the majority of hepatic [14C]TCA output was stored in the gallbladder during the first half of the migrating myoelectric complex (MMC). An increased rate of duodenal delivery and partial gallbladder emptying occurred before phase III of the MMC. 2) Feeding induced an immediate increase in duodenal bile acid delivery and gallbladder emptying. After cold blockade or transection: 1) partial gallbladder emptying before phase III of the MMC was abolished. 2) The immediate postprandial increase in duodenal bile acid delivery and gallbladder emptying was abolished even when the animal received a continuous duodenal infusion of the duodenal aspirate of another fed animal (to control for the effect of impaired gastric emptying after cold blockade). In addition, cold blockade significantly reduced the effect of an exogenous infusion of cholecystokinin octapeptide on gallbladder emptying. These results suggest that neurons in the canine cervical vagosympathetic nerves play a major role in the regulation of rhythmic partial emptying of the gallbladder in the interdigestive period, coordinate a cephalic phase of postprandial gallbladder emptying, and are important in mediating the effects of cholecystokinin on the gallbladder during the gastric and enteric phases of postprandial gallbladder emptying.

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Shi, X. L., Y. Q. Fu, A. Y. Abdullahi, M. W. Wang, F. Yang, X. G. Yu, W. D. Pan, et al. "The mitochondrial genome ofAncylostoma tubaeformefrom cats in China." Journal of Helminthology 92, no. 1 (February 20, 2017): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x17000116.

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AbstractAncylostoma tubaeformemay infect canids, felids and humans, and pose a potential risk to public health. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques were used to amplify the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence ofA. tubaeformefrom cats and to analyse its sequence characteristics after molecular identification based on the internal transcribed spacer ITS1+ sequence. The results show that the complete mt genome sequence (GenBank accession number KY070315) ofA. tubaeformefrom cats was 13,730 bp in length, including 12 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, two non-coding regions and an AT-rich region. The nucleotide content of A and T was 77.93%, biased toward A and T. Twelve protein-coding genes used ATT, TTG and GTG as initiation codons, and TAA, TAG, TA and T as termination codons. The length of the 22 tRNA genes ranged from 52 to 62 bp, their predicted secondary structures were D loops and V loops. The lengths of the two rRNAs were 958 and 697 bp. Phylogenetic analyses showed thatA. tubaeformefrom cats was in the lineage ofAncylostoma, having a close phylogenetic relationship withA. caninum. This study reports for the first time the mt genome ofA. tubaeformefrom cats in China, which could enhance the mt genome database of Ancylostomatidae nematodes, and it offers the scientific basis for further studies in the genetic diversity of hookworms among different hosts.

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Phung, K. H., J. A. Romero, and T. Roche. "Bayesian inference and calibration of magnetic diagnostics." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 113553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0101846.

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The magnetic diagnostics across TAE Technologies’ compact toroid fusion device include 28 internal and 45 external flux loops that measure poloidal flux and axial field strength, 64 three-axis (radial, toroidal, and axial) Mirnov probes, and 22 internal and external, axial-only Mirnov probes. Imperfect construction, installation, and physical constraints required a Bayesian approach for the calibration process to best account for errors in signals. These errors included flux loops not fitted to a perfect circle due to spatial constraints, Mirnov probes not perfectly aligned against their respective axes, and flux pickup that occurred within the insert (feedthrough) of the Mirnov probes. Our model-based calibration is derived from magnetostatic theory and the circuitry of the sensors. These models predicted outputs that were compared against experimental data. Using a simple least-squares optimization, we were able to predict flux loop data within 1% of relative error. For the Mirnov probes, we utilized Bayesian inference to determine three rotation angles and three amplifier gains. The results of this work not only gave our diagnostic measurements physical meaning, but also act as a safeguard to spot when instruments have malfunctioned, or when there is an error in database maintenance. This paper will go into the details of our calibration procedure, our Bayesian modeling, and the accuracy of our results compared to experimental data.

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London, Justin, Birgitta Burger, Marc Thompson, Molly Hildreth, Johanna Wilson, Nick Schally, and Petri Toiviainen. "Motown, Disco, and Drumming." Music Perception 37, no. 1 (September 1, 2019): 26–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2019.37.1.26.

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In a study of tempo perception, London, Burger, Thompson, and Toiviainen (2016) presented participants with digitally ‘‘tempo-shifted’’ R&B songs (i.e., sped up or slowed down without otherwise altering their pitch or timbre). They found that while participants’ relative tempo judgments of original versus altered versions were correct, they no longer corresponded to the beat rate of each stimulus. Here we report on three experiments that further probe the relation(s) between beat rate, tempo-shifting, beat salience, melodic structure, and perceived tempo. Experiment 1 is a replication of London et al. (2016) using the original stimuli. Experiment 2 replaces the Motown stimuli with disco music, which has higher beat salience. Experiment 3 uses looped drum patterns, eliminating pitch and other cues from the stimuli and maximizing beat salience. The effect of London et al. (2016) was replicated in Experiment 1, present to a lesser degree in Experiment 2, and absent in Experiment 3. Experiments 2 and 3 also found that participants were able to make tempo judgments in accordance with BPM rates for stimuli that were not tempo-shifted. The roles of beat salience, melodic structure, and memory for tempo are discussed, and the TAE as an example of perceptual sharpening is considered.

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Geiß, Carsten, Elvira Salas, Jose Guevara-Coto, Anne Régnier-Vigouroux, and Rodrigo A. Mora-Rodríguez. "Multistability in Macrophage Activation Pathways and Metabolic Implications." Cells 11, no. 3 (January 25, 2022): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11030404.

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Macrophages are innate immune cells with a dynamic range of reversible activation states including the classical pro-inflammatory (M1) and alternative anti-inflammatory (M2) states. Deciphering how macrophages regulate their transition from one state to the other is key for a deeper understanding of inflammatory diseases and relevant therapies. Common regulatory motifs reported for macrophage transitions, such as positive or double-negative feedback loops, exhibit a switchlike behavior, suggesting the bistability of the system. In this review, we explore the evidence for multistability (including bistability) in macrophage activation pathways at four molecular levels. First, a decision-making module in signal transduction includes mutual inhibitory interactions between M1 (STAT1, NF-KB/p50-p65) and M2 (STAT3, NF-KB/p50-p50) signaling pathways. Second, a switchlike behavior at the gene expression level includes complex network motifs of transcription factors and miRNAs. Third, these changes impact metabolic gene expression, leading to switches in energy production, NADPH and ROS production, TCA cycle functionality, biosynthesis, and nitrogen metabolism. Fourth, metabolic changes are monitored by metabolic sensors coupled to AMPK and mTOR activity to provide stability by maintaining signals promoting M1 or M2 activation. In conclusion, we identify bistability hubs as promising therapeutic targets for reverting or blocking macrophage transitions through modulation of the metabolic environment.

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Padavattan, Sivaraman, Sneha Jos, Hemanga Gogoi, and Bagautdin Bagautdinov. "Crystal structure of enoyl-CoA hydratase from Thermus thermophilus HB8." Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology Communications 77, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053230x21004593.

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Fatty-acid degradation is an oxidative process that involves four enzymatic steps and is referred to as the β-oxidation pathway. During this process, long-chain acyl-CoAs are broken down into acetyl-CoA, which enters the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, resulting in the production of energy in the form of ATP. Enoyl-CoA hydratase (ECH) catalyzes the second step of the β-oxidation pathway by the syn addition of water to the double bond between C2 and C3 of a 2-trans-enoyl-CoA, resulting in the formation of a 3-hydroxyacyl CoA. Here, the crystal structure of ECH from Thermus thermophilus HB8 (TtECH) is reported at 2.85 Å resolution. TtECH forms a hexamer as a dimer of trimers, and wide clefts are uniquely formed between the two trimers. Although the overall structure of TtECH is similar to that of a hexameric ECH from Rattus norvegicus (RnECH), there is a significant shift in the positions of the helices and loops around the active-site region, which includes the replacement of a longer α3 helix with a shorter α-helix and 310-helix in RnECH. Additionally, one of the catalytic residues of RnECH, Glu144 (numbering based on the RnECH enzyme), is replaced by a glycine in TtECH, while the other catalytic residue Glu164, as well as Ala98 and Gly141 that stabilize the enolate intermediate, is conserved. Their putative ligand-binding sites and active-site residue compositions are dissimilar.

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Castro, Jennifer, Matthew H. Daniels, Chuang Lu, David Brennan, Deepali Gotur, Young-Tae Lee, Kevin Knockenhauer, et al. "Abstract 1136: Targeting DHX9 inhibition as a novel therapeutic modality in microsatellite instable colorectal cancer." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (April 4, 2023): 1136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-1136.

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Abstract DHX9 is a multifunctional DEAH-box ATP-independent RNA helicase which has been reported to play important roles in replication, transcription, translation, RNA splicing and RNA processing which contribute to DHX9’s role in maintenance of genomic stability. Functionally, DHX9’s role involves binding to as well as unwinding and/or resolving double-stranded and single-stranded DNA/RNA, DNA/RNA hybrids (R-loops), circular RNA and DNA/RNA G quadraplexes. Overexpression of DHX9 is evident in multiple cancer types, including colorectal cancer (CRC) and lung cancer. In addition, microsatellite instable (MSI) tumors exhibiting defective mismatch repair (dMMR) show a strong dependence on DHX9, making this helicase an attractive target for oncology drug discovery. Here we describe data supporting targeting DHX9 in MSI CRC as a novel therapeutic, and the first identification of potent and selective in vitro and in vivo small molecule inhibitors of DHX9. We demonstrate that DHX9 inhibition in MSI CRC, delivered either through siRNA knockdown or compound treatment, leads to an increase in RNA/DNA secondary structures such as R-loops and circRNA (i.e. circBRIP1) inducing replication stress. Cell lines that are dMMR (i.e. MSI) are unable to resolve this replication stress, resulting in prevention of DNA replication in S phase and later onset of apoptosis. We were able to confirm this selective dependency in a panel of 20 CRC cell lines; anti-proliferative effects mediated by DHX9 inhibition were dependent on cell line dMMR status in a 10-day proliferation assay. Furthermore, compound 1, an orally bioavailable DHX9 inhibitor was used to investigate in vivo efficacy in MSI CRC (LS411N) and MSS CRC (SW480) xenograft models. Compound 1 was well tolerated across the 28-day treatment period with robust and durable tumor regression (TGI = 105 %) observed in the LS411N tumor xenograft model only. In addition, following cessation of treatment, minimal tumor regrowth was observed in a 28-day post treatment window. Tumor and plasma concentrations of compound 1 and changes in pharmacodynamic markers of DHX9 inhibition, such as circBRIP1 mRNA, were measured and resulting PK and PD data were highly correlated. Together, these preclinical data validate DHX9 as a tractable new target with potential utility as a novel treatment for patients with MSI CRC. Citation Format: Jennifer Castro, Matthew H. Daniels, Chuang Lu, David Brennan, Deepali Gotur, Young-Tae Lee, Kevin Knockenhauer, April Case, Jie Wu, Shane M. Buker, Julie Liu, Brian A. Sparling, E. Allen Sickmier, Stephen J. Blakemore, P. Ann Boriack-Sjodin, Kenneth W. Duncan, Scott Ribich, Robert A. Copeland. Targeting DHX9 inhibition as a novel therapeutic modality in microsatellite instable colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 1136.

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Romanovsky, Andrej A., Christopher T. Simons, and Vladimir A. Kulchitsky. "“Biphasic” fevers often consist of more than two phases." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 275, no. 1 (July 1, 1998): R323—R331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1998.275.1.r323.

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This paper disproves the common belief that all doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that are commonly referred to as biphasic fever inducing (≥2 μg/kg) cause truly biphasic responses. A catheter was implanted into the right jugular vein of several strains of adult male rats, and the animals were habituated to the experimental conditions. At an ambient temperature of 30.0°C, loosely restrained animals were injected with a 10 μg/kg dose of LPS (various preparations), and their colonic (Tc) and tail skin temperatures were monitored (from ≥1 h before to ≥7 h after the injection). The results are presented as time graphs and phase-plane plots; in the latter case the rate of change of Tc is plotted against Tc. In experiment 1 the intravenous injection of LPS (from Escherichia coli 0111:B4, phenol extract) into the rats (Bkl:Wistar) induced a triphasic febrile response, as is obvious from time graphs of Tc (3 peaks), time graphs of effector activity (3 waves of tail skin vasoconstriction), and phase-plane plots (3 complete loops); the injection of saline (control) induced no Tc changes. We analyzed whether the triphasic pattern was due to some peculiarities of the experimental design, i.e., the pyrogen preparation used ( experiment 2) or the rat strain tested ( experiment 3) or whether this pattern reflects a more general law. In experiment 2 we used the same (phenol) preparation of different LPS (from Shigella flexneri 1A and Salmonella typhosa) and a different preparation (TCA extract) of the same LPS ( E. coli). Regardless of the LPS used, rats of the Bkl:Wistar strain responded to the 10 μg/kg dose with the triphasic fever. In experiment 3, rats of other strains [Bkl:Sprague-Dawley and Sim:(LE)fBR(Black-hooded)] were tested. Again, all animals responded to the 10 μg/kg dose of E. coli LPS (phenol extract) with the triphasic fever. Because all fevers caused by four different LPS preparations in three rat strains were triphasic, the triphasic pattern is likely to constitute an intrinsic characteristic of the febrile response.

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Copeland, Robert A., Jennifer Castro, Matthew H. Daniels, Deepali Gotur, Young-Tae Lee, Shihua Yao, David Brennan, et al. "Abstract SY11-02: Small molecule inhibitors of RNA modifying enzymes as precision cancer therapeutics." Cancer Research 84, no. 7_Supplement (April 5, 2024): SY11–02—SY11–02. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-sy11-02.

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Abstract Over 100 modifications to RNA are known to occur in human cells, where they influence many aspects of RNA biology, including protein and nucleic acid interactions. Our survey of human RNA-modifying enzymes with selectively essential phenotypes in specific cancers, suggests that these cancer-essential enzymes fall into four mechanistic categories: group transfer enzymes; base editors; nucleases; and helicases. Our team has discovered nanomolar or picomolar inhibitors of cancer-essential enzymes within each of these four categories. DHX9, a novel cancer target, is a multifunctional DEAH-box RNA helicase which can unwind regions of double-stranded DNA and RNA helices but has a greater propensity for secondary structures such as DNA/RNA hybrids (R-loops), circular RNA and DNA/RNA G-quadruplexes. DHX9 interacts with and regulate a large variety of proteins, including key proteins in DNA damage repair pathways such as BRCA1, ATR, Ku86, and WRN. We previously demonstrated that DHX9 inhibition is selectively efficacious in microsatellite high (MSI-H)/defective mismatch repair (dMMR) tumor models, in vitro and in vivo. Further profiling of DHX9 inhibitors across a broad panel of cancer cell lines reveals that tumor cells with Loss-of-Function (LOF) mutations in the DNA damage repair genes BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 (as defined by somatic mutations including single-nucleotide variants and/or copy number loss), are also selectively responsive to DHX9 inhibitor treatment. Selective dependence on DHX9 was observed in both ovarian and breast cancer cell lines that exhibit BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 LOF. DHX9 inhibition leads to increased RNA/DNA secondary structures such as R-loops and G-quadruplexes, resulting in subsequent DNA damage and increased replication stress. Cell lines that exhibit BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 LOF appear unable to resolve this replication stress and showed S-G2 phase cell cycle arrest prior to onset of apoptosis. An orally bioavailable DHX9 inhibitor was dosed in vivo to assess DHX9 dependency within multiple human xenografts representing triple negative breast cancer and high-grade serous ovarian cancer with BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 LOF. In all models, DHX9 inhibition was well tolerated for a period of up to 28 days, with robust and significant tumor growth inhibition - including tumor regression - observed in multiple BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 LOF models; in contrast, minimal tumor growth inhibition was observed in BRCA1 and BRCA2 wild type models. These results portend DHX9 inhibition as a novel treatment modality for patients with BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 LOF across multiple tumor types, including breast and ovarian cancer. Citation Format: Robert A. Copeland, Jennifer Castro, Matthew H. Daniels, Deepali Gotur, Young-Tae Lee, Shihua Yao, David Brennan, Brian T. Johnston, Monique Laidlaw, Sunaina Pai, Jie Wu, Rishabh Bansal, Anugraha Raman, Shane M. Buker, Julie Liu, E. Allen Sickmier, Kevin Knockenhauer, Chuang Lu, Stephen J. Blakemore, Serena J. Silver, P. Ann Boriack-Sjodin, Kenneth W. Duncan, Jason A. Sager. Small molecule inhibitors of RNA modifying enzymes as precision cancer therapeutics [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 2 (Late-Breaking, Clinical Trial, and Invited Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(7_Suppl):Abstract nr SY11-02.

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Gife, Victor, Katie Fooks, Jules Berthelemy, Alejandro Schcolnik-Cabrera, Gabriela Galicia-Vazquez, Zaynab Nouhi, Raquel Aloyz, et al. "mRNA Translation Inhibition Targets Bioenergetic Homeostasis in AML Cells in Vitro and In Vivo and Synergizes with Cytarabine and Venetoclax." Blood 142, Supplement 1 (November 28, 2023): 5742. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-186142.

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Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematological cancer resulting from uncontrolled proliferation of differentiation-blocked myeloid cells. Seventy percent of AML patients are currently not cured with available treatments, highlighting the need of novel therapeutic strategies. Recently, inhibition of BCL-2 with venetoclax in combination with hypomethylating agents has emerged as an attractive strategy for high-risk AML cases. Another promising target in AML is the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) (Oki et al, Nature Comm, 2021). However, clinical inhibition of mTORC1 is limited by its reactivation through compensatory and regulatory feedback loops. To curtail these drawbacks, we adopted a strategy of inhibiting an important effector of the mTORC1 signaling pathway controlling mRNA translation - the eukaryotic initiation factor 4A (eIF4A), subunit of the translation initiation complex eIF4F. Recent evidence suggests that translational programs mediated by the mTORC1/4E-BP/eIF4F axis can support resistance to therapy in various cancer models driven by oncogenic kinases, in part by allowing cellular metabolic plasticity (Hulea L et al, Cell Metab. 2018). In fact, metabolism, and specifically mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, has emerged as a central dependency of AML cells, sustaining resistance to therapy and recurrence. Using the MOLM-14 human AML cell line to model therapy-resistant disease, we previously demonstrated the anti-leukemic effect of a potent and specific eIF4A inhibitor (eIF4Ai), CR-1-31-B, both in vitro and in vivo (Fooks et al, J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022). eIF4Ai affected cellular metabolism, by reducing mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the rate of ATP synthesis from mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis. Concomitantly, eIF4Ai decreased intracellular levels of specific metabolic intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) and glucose metabolism, while enhancing mitochondrial ROS. Furthermore, eIF4i enhanced apoptotic priming while reducing the expression levels of the antiapoptotic factors BCL2, BCL-XL and MCL1. Importantly, CR-1-31-B acted synergistically in vitro in combination with cytarabine or venetoclax. Recently, we have expanded our characterization of the eIF4Ai/venetoclax combination in MOML-14 cells, and showed that venetoclax potentiates the CR-1-31-B-induced inhibition of cellular respiration, glycolysis and ATP production (Seahorse). The combination provokes a robust apoptotic response with different temporal dynamics to single treatment, as measured using the Incucyte platform. In vivo, we have validated the strong anti-leukemic response induced by CR-1-31-B in a MOLM-14 transplantation model, after only 7 days of treatment, and showed that venetoclax slightly potentiates this effect. In addition, eIF4A inhibition reduces the levels of several metabolic proteins (GLS1, IDH1), which supports our previous observations of decreased levels of TCA cycle metabolites. We have confirmed the metabolic and pro-apoptotic effect of eIF4Ai in a second cellular model of AML, U937. Consistent with previous results, in U937 cells CR-1-31-B induces apoptosis at low nM concentrations, reduces cellular bioenergetics, ATP production, as well as levels of pro-proliferative (cyclin D3, CDK4) and anti-apoptotic (BCL-2, MCL-1) proteins. Our collective studies highlight (i) the importance of the crosstalk between mRNA translation and metabolic regulation and (ii) that direct inhibition of translation represents an appealing therapeutic strategy for clinical cases of therapy resistance that are dependent on the mTORC1/eIF4F axis. This is of interest as several translation inhibitors are currently tested in phase 1/2 clinical trials in solid malignancies. # co-corresponding authors

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Castro, Jennifer, Matthew H. Daniels, David Brennan, Brian T. Johnston, Rishabh Bansal, Monique Laidlaw, Chuang Lu, et al. "Abstract C087: DHX9 inhibition as a novel therapeutic modality in microsatellite instable colorectal cancer." Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 22, no. 12_Supplement (December 1, 2023): C087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.targ-23-c087.

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Abstract Background: DHX9 is a DEAH-box RNA helicase which has been reported to play important roles in replication, transcription, translation and RNA splicing/processing, all of which contribute to DHX9’s role in the maintenance of genomic stability. Functionally, DHX9 unwinds and/or resolves regions of double-stranded DNA and RNA helices but has a greater propensity for secondary structures such as DNA/RNA hybrids (R-loops), circular RNA (circRNA) and DNA/RNA G-quadraplexes. Overexpression of DHX9 is evident in multiple cancer types, including colorectal cancer (CRC) and lung cancer. In particular, microsatellite instable (MSI) tumors exhibiting defective mismatch repair (dMMR) show a strong dependence on DHX9, making this helicase an attractive target for oncology drug discovery. Here, we will demonstrate validation of DHX9 as a novel target for CRC-MSI, and the identification of potent and selective in vitro and in vivo small molecule inhibitors of DHX9. Materials and Methods: DHX9 targeted siRNA or DHX9 small molecule inhibitors were used to assess anti-proliferative activity in multiple different CRC-MSI and CRC-MSS cell lines through either CellTiter-Glo proliferation or colony formation assays. Downstream biological consequences of DHX9 knockdown or inhibition in vitro were determined using immuno-fluorescent imaging, western blot, flow cytometry to measure RNA/DNA secondary structure, cell cycle changes, apoptosis, and qPCR to measure circBRIP1 induction. CRC-MSI and CRC-MSS tumor xenografts were treated with DHX9 inhibitor ATX968 BID orally for 21-28 days. Tumor and plasma samples were collected for pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) (circBRIP1) measurement. Results: We demonstrate that DHX9 inhibition in CRC-MSI leads to an increase in RNA/DNA secondary structures such as R-loops, G-quadruplexes and Alu mediated circRNA such as circBRIP1, leads to subsequent DNA damage and increased replication stress. Cell lines that exhibit defective DNA repair pathways such as dMMR are unable to resolve this replication stress and demonstrate S-G2 phase cell cycle arrest prior to onset of apoptosis. We confirmed this selective dependency in a panel of cancer cell lines, where anti-proliferative effects mediated by DHX9 inhibition were associated with dMMR status. Furthermore, DHX9 tool compound ATX968 was well tolerated in vivo across a 28-day treatment period with robust and durable tumor regression observed in the MSI CRC tumor xenograft model. Following cessation of treatment, minimal tumor regrowth was observed in a 28-day post treatment window. Tumor and plasma concentrations of ATX968 and changes in PD markers of DHX9 inhibition were measured and resulting PK, PD and efficacy data were highly correlated. Conclusions: Together, these preclinical data validate DHX9 as a tractable new target with potential utility as a novel treatment for patients with CRC-MSI. Conflict of Interests: All authors are current or former employees and shareholders of Accent Therapeutics, Inc. Citation Format: Jennifer Castro, Matthew H Daniels, David Brennan, Brian T Johnston, Rishabh Bansal, Monique Laidlaw, Chuang Lu, Deepali Gotur, Young-Tae Lee, Kevin Knockenhauer, April Case, Jie Wu, Anugraha Raman, Jae Eun Cheong, Julie Liu, Shane M Buker, E. Allen Sickmier, Stephen J Blakemore, P. Ann Boriack-Sjodin, Kenneth W Duncan, Serena J Silver, Scott Ribich, Robert A Copeland. DHX9 inhibition as a novel therapeutic modality in microsatellite instable colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC Virtual International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2023 Oct 11-15; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2023;22(12 Suppl):Abstract nr C087.

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Khalid, Marzuki, Rubiyah Yusof, Shamsuddin Amin, and Junzo Watada. "Special Issue on Modeling and Simulation." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 16, no. 4 (June 20, 2012): 487–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2012.p0487.

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Modeling and simulation play pivotal roles in engineering design. Tools for modeling and simulation have led to both faster design, higher viability and lower design cost. This special issue presents 10 papers on modeling and simulation in a variety of applications. The first paper, by Sayed Mohammad Reza Loghmanian et al., is entitled gNonlinear Dynamic System Identification Using Volterra Series: Multi-Objective Optimization Approach.h This paper deals with system identification of the nonlinear dynamic system based on an optimized Volterra model structure. The developed model fulfilled two criteria, or objectives, namely, good predictive accuracy and optimum model structure. Genetic algorithms are applied to search for significant Volterra kernels among all possible candidate model combinations. The second paper, by Masao Ogino et al., is entitled gA Large-Scale Magnetostatic Analysis Using an Iterative Domain Decomposition Method Based on the Minimal Residual Method.h Large-scale 3D nonlinear magnetostatic analysis using the domain decomposition method (DDM) improves convergence based on the conjugate residual (CR) method. Compared to the conjugate gradient method, the CR method and minimal residual method both improve the convergence rate and show stable convergence behavior in solving an interface problem. Computation time is largely reduced for this large-scale problem, which has about 10 million degrees of freedom. The third paper, by Yoshiyuki Yamashita, is on gSemi-Qualitative Trend Analysis for the Monitoring of Process Control Loops,h and deals with a qualitative approach, rather than an analytical approach, in monitoring process plants. Using this method enabled us to diagnose a control valve problem in a process control loop. Several applications are also discussed. The fourth paper, by Hiroshi Dan and Hiroshi Kanayama, is entitled gFinite Element Analysis of Tsunami by Viscous Shallow-Water Equations.h With the number of tsunamis and earthquakes occurring worldwide today, such simulation is important in many fields. Viscous shallow-water equations are derived from three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations under hydrostatic assumptions. This approach is used to simulate a tsunami in Hakata Bay. The fifth paper, by Junzo Watada et al., is entitled gAn Affective Approach to Developing Marketing Strategies of Mineral Water.h This research concerns the development of a marketing strategy for mineral water based on taste features obtained by chemically and physically analyzing the taste components of mineral water. Two-dimensional analysis of self-organizing map (SOM) was used to classify the evaluation of taste data. Data characteristics are recognized in the taste of mineral water by correlation analysis. A combination of principal component analysis and SOM classifies the taste of mineral water. Marketing strategies are also concluded after evaluation. The sixth paper, by Yoshitsugu Aoki et al., is entitled gNew Approach for Antisense Oligonucleotide-Mediated Exon Skipping in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.h It reviews highlights of the challenges in antisense oligonucleotide-based therapeutics for treating and Intelligent Informatics DMD, focusing on exon 51-skipping. The seventh paper, entitled gBuilding a Type-2 Fuzzy Qualitative Regression Model,h is by Yicheng Wei and Junzo Watada. From a theoretical fuzzy-set point of view, uncertainty exists in the membership function value of a type-1 fuzzy set, greatly impacting on the fuzziness of the external criterion of the qualitative objective. This paper models qualitative change in the external criterionfs fuzziness by applying the type-2 fuzzy set. Here, qualitative values are assumed to be fuzzy degrees of membership in qualitative categories, and qualitative change in the objective external criterion is given as the fuzziness of output. The eighth paper, entitled gPSO-Particle Filter-Based Biometric Measurement for Human Tracking,h is by Zhenyuan Xu and Junzo Watada. It discusses an interesting application based on particle swarm optimization (PSO). Its objective is to build a mathematical model and a method for human tracking that can be used for biometric surveillance. This human tracking marks the size of human beings and objects in a picture to that if the picture is placed in a framework of axes, height and other biometric lengths can be calculated. The ninth paper, by Josu? Roberto Lozano et al. is on g360 Degree Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty in Mexican Population.h This research uses statistical analysis of Repeated Measures One-Sample T Test, Paired-Samples T Test + Pearson Correlation Coefficient Test, and the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test in order to evaluate the efficiency of Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty procedure (SLT procedure). The authors showed in the paper that the treatment with SLT applied to Mexican patients with OAG reduces IOP and the patientfs need for topical medical therapy, which can lead to a better control of the disease and compliance to treatment. The tenth paper, by Shinichiro Terasaki and Shinfya Nagasawa, is on gThe Relationship Between Brand Integrity and Business Continuity ? A Case Study of Japanese Long-Standing Company, Shioyoshiken ?.h The Shioyoshiken brand of Japanese sweets is well appreciated by individual customers who emphasise the value of customized sweets, particularly for Japanese tea parties and weddings. This case study explores Shioyoshiken gRashisa,h or gidentity,h to identify the secret of its long-standing brand strength.

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Apter, Brian, Brian Apter, C. D. Arnold, Cathy Atkinson, Jacqueline Batchelor, Matt Beeke, Katie Callicott, et al. "DECP Annual CPD Conference Individual PresentationsChanging brains: Do computerised training programmes designed to improve working memory work?Changing minds and attitudes: How and why psychologists need to be highly visible, ‘out there’ and using the media and politicians to get their point across – theory, practice and a case study: ‘How to provoke a national debate about ADHD and DSM-V’.NEET risks, rewards and realitiesEducational psychologists (EPs) as providers of therapeutic intervention: Findings from UK-wide researchTherapeutic story writing group trainingCritical incidents – exploring theory, policy and practice: A doctoral research studyAn investigation of the factors involved when educational psychologists supervise other professionalsChildhood Acquired Brain Injury: The experiences of children and the experiences of their parents, teachers and educational psychologists and implications for professional practice.Support groups for siblings of children with autism spectrum disorders: Perspectives of siblings and group leadersKeeping our values in changing times: Identifying and addressing ethical challengesExploring the educational psychologist’s role in Children’s CentresSENCo Circles: Keeping in the loopTerms of engagement not ‘hard to reach’ parents.Teachers’ resilience and well-being: A role for educational psychologyChanging times: Working ethically as psychologists in private practiceGlasgow’s nurturing approach: From nurture groups to the nurturing school (via quality indicators!)Bright Minds, Bright Moods: A CBT-based approach to the development of resilience and emotional well being in schoolsAn evaluation of a Parent Drop-in Project: The effectiveness of offering brief consultation sessionsFostering Inclusion through Circles and Strengths: Creative psychology in practiceWhat factors impact service use among families labelled as ‘hard to reach,’ and how can these be used to support early intervention?An investigation into the use of a solution-focused intervention to organisational changeDelivering and evaluating a group intervention with former child soldiers and other war-affected children: A randomised control trialEngaging with ethical and moral dilemmas in the new market placePsychological consultation: Supporting change in mind for parents and teachersReading without stories: Does it make sense?Instructional psychology and teaching reading: Nice to know or need to know?Just what is so special about pupils in SEBD special schools?The HPP Model for Mental Health (Holistic Politico-Psychological Model).Specialist training materials: Delivering a contract for the TDA in partnership with The Schools Network (SSAT)Applying theory and research to the practice of Educational Psychology." DECP Debate 1, no. 143 (June 2012): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsdeb.2012.1.143.15.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Tea loopers'

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