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Journal articles on the topic 'Tea garden workers'

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Published: 18 May 2024

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1

Zaman, Md Ohidur, and Tareq Mahamud Abir. "The Process of Social Exclusion of Tea Garden Workers: A Study on Sylhet City Corporation, Bangladesh." Asian Journal of Humanity, Art and Literature 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ajhal.v5i2.340.

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Previous literature suggests that tea garden workers of Bangladesh are excluded from social, political and economic aspects. Therefore, this research work aimed to exploring the process of social exclusion of tea garden worker. All the tea gardens within Sylhet City Corporation have been selected as the study area and empirical data has been collected from selected respondents by Survey and In-depth interview methods. The field data show that tea garden workers are excluded in main three ways. They are deprived from social and political rights and have a very small control on their material world. Such deprivations made them incapable and create a cycle of poverty which leads them to social exclusion. Moreover, tea garden owners and managers play a peculiar role to exploit them from their basic socio-political and economic rights. In such a way, tea garden workers become excluded from the main stream people and living inhuman life.
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2

Kairi, Tamal Kanti, and Sanghamitra Dey. "Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal symptoms among tea garden workers in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 12, no. 5 (May 2022): e061305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061305.

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ObjectivesOccupational health is still in the developmental stage in Bangladesh. There is a lack of focus on agricultural workers. Statistics on musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS) of any occupational group can assist in developing intervention and ergonomics-based prevention. This study aimed to assess work-related MSS among tea garden workers.SettingThis cross-sectional study was done in one tea garden in Moulvibazar district which has the highest number of gardens in Bangladesh.Design and participants346 tea garden workers were interviewed using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire Extended Version 2. Workers 18–60 years of age and of both sexes were interviewed individually.Outcome measuresPrevalence of MSS among the tea garden workers, MSS in different body regions and MSS related informations. Sociodemographic and work-related factor associated with MSS.ResultsAmong the tea garden workers, 276 were female and 70 were male. The study showed 80.9% had symptoms in the past 12 months while 80.1% and 76.6% had in the past 4 weeks and on the day of the interview, respectively. Symptoms were most commonly reported at the shoulder (78.2%) followed by upper back (56.1%) and lower back (32.5%). Workers engaged with plucking operation were found to be significantly associated with symptoms compared with non-pluckers (p<0.05). Female workers were more likely to display symptoms in the neck (p<0.05) than male workers. Increased work hours were significantly associated with symptoms in the lower back (p<0.05). Overtime was responsible for symptoms in the elbow and hip/buttock (p<0.05). Statistics from relevant studies in India, Malaysia and Thailand were compared with the results of this study.ConclusionsThe prevalence of MSS among tea garden workers was found to be very high, and ergonomic interventions like reduction of weight load, job rotation and small breaks can reduce these symptoms.
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Spires, Bob, Lissamma Joseph, and Jeremy Tost. "The Stickiness of Tea Garden Workers’ Situation in Assam, India." Social Change 52, no. 4 (December 2022): 541–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00490857221110638.

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Tea garden workers in Assam, India continue to face precarious living and working conditions which have led to recent protests by workers’ unions and student organisations in Assam. This study examines a survey of over 3,000 tea garden worker respondents in three locations across Assam to understand the material realities of these workers and their families. The authors employ a concept that they term ‘stickiness’, drawing on the work of James C. Scott (1976) and Anna Tsing (2005), to describe the theorised interplay between the living and working conditions of plantation life and the vulnerability of the workers. Empirical findings are organised and presented using descriptive statistics around problem areas that provide a broad understanding of the living and working conditions of tea garden workers in Assam. The study also identified a rise in trafficking amongst tea garden families. This study concludes with recommendations from the researchers and partner organisations, as well as intentions for future inquiry.
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Khalkho, Rekha, and Souvik Ghosh. "Crafting a Gender Disparity Index to Unveiling the Tea Garden Workers’ Gender Dynamics." Indian Journal of Extension Education 59, no. 4 (2023): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/ijee.2023.59429.

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Gender dynamics significantly impact tea garden workers’ performance. A Gender Disparity Index (GDI) was developed for assessing gender differences within the tea plantation sector during 2022-23. The construction of GDI commenced with item analysis, employing the Likert’s Technique. A total of seven dimensions were included following the Harvard analytical and Moser frameworks of gender analysis. Based on the relevancy, t statistics, and content validity, five dimensions were kept in the index, namely, activity profile, influencing factors for differential roles, gender role identification, gender need assessment, and decision-making behaviour of tea garden workers. A universe of 92 items under five dimensions was prepared, and the relevancy of each item was judged by 56 experts; subsequently, 72 items were screened on which the responses of 60 workers of non sampled tea gardens were obtained and finally 68 items were selected under five dimensions of the index followed by testing of their content validity and reliability of the index. This GDI may be used as an effective instrument to unravel gender disparities in tea gardens and other similar plantations’ estate.
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Mandal, Diptojyoti, Sharmistha Bhattacherjee, Asit Kumar Biswas, and Sampriti Samanta. "Determinants of malnutrition among the tea garden workers of Darjeeling district in 2021: an ordinal regression analysis." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 10, no. 6 (May 31, 2023): 2132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20231692.

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Background: Due to increasing lifestyle changes and poverty, double burden of malnutrition is becoming more and more severe, especially in the underserved areas like tea gardens. Food security is also a major issue not only in underdeveloped countries but also in developing countries like India. The study aims to estimate the prevalence of malnutrition among the tea garden workers and to find out the associated factors with malnutrition among the tea garden workers of Darjeeling district. Methods: 200 people were selected from 10 tea gardens of Darjeeling district by cluster sampling method. They were interviewed using a structured questionnaire to find out the associated factors with malnutrition. Weight and height was measured using standard measuring tools and then BMI was calculated. To find out the determinants of nutritional status, an ordinal regression analysis was done with the help of SPSS software. Results: The prevalence of under nutrition and obesity was 25% and 20.5% respectively. The ordinal regression model showed that the odds of higher BMI was found with increasing age, male gender, being a permanent garden employee and higher educational status. Household food insecurity increased the odds of undernutrition, as individuals from food secure households had significantly higher odds of getting higher BMI. Conclusions: Nutritional status is closely associated with socio-economic and demographical variables and household food security. To ensure the health and nutrition of the tea garden workers, a more comprehensive strategy to addressing socio-demographic issues and household food security is required.
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Rahaman, Md Saidur, Syed Muhammod Ali Reza, Md Mizanur Rahman, and Md Solaiman Chowdhury. "A deplorable community in Bangladesh: tea garden workers." Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 15, no. 4 (February 15, 2021): 548–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-10-2020-0176.

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Purpose Throughout history, tea garden workers are treated as slaves of employers and live an inhuman life in modern society. This paper aims to provide an account of the deplorable community (workers) of the tea garden in Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach The authors used a mixed-method research approach to conduct this study. In the first stage, using a semi-structured questionnaire, Focus group discussions (FGDs) were done by forming two groups from two districts to get a clear picture of the tea garden workers’ living standards in Bangladesh. Based on the findings of the FGD, the researchers prepared a structured questionnaire containing the basic elements of their quality of work life. In this stage, the authors collected the information from 200 tea workers about their quality of work life. Findings The major finding showed that the overall country’s economy is booming because of tea workers’ contributions, but their economic conditions gradually become impoverished. The workers’ are living with colossal poverty and vulnerability. Besides, the workers are supposed to get fundamental rights, including food, clothing, shelter, education and health, but the higher authorities were found indifferent to take the necessary initiative to implement these rights. Research limitations/implications The data was collected only from the tea garden workers. This study excluded any other parties (trade union leaders, panchayats, garden managers and owners). Thus, it is suggested that the researchers should conduct a similar study covering the opinion, including all the parties. Practical implications Both the workers and the higher authorities of the tea garden might benefit from this study’s findings. Workers will be more aware of their basic rights. The authorities can also prepare some effective policies to improve the overall quality of life of the tea workers. Originality/value To the best knowledge of the authors, this is the first study on tea garden workers’ inhuman life in Bangladesh in the entire emerald insight publishers.
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Nowshin, Iffat, Mahmuda Ahmed, and Shahria Sattar. "Depression and Associated Factors Among Tea Garden Workers of Selected Tea Garden in Sylhet." Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine 39, no. 2 (April 25, 2021): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jopsom.v39i2.53161.

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Background: Tea garden workers play a crucial role to the economy of the country. Majority of the tea garden worker are females and suffer from various health problems including depression. The study was conducted to assess the extent of depression among the tea garden workers and their associated factors. Methods: This descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted among 192 respondents in a selected tea garden name Jaflong tea garden in Goainghat, Sylhet. An interview was conducted face to face with the respondents for data collection with a semi-structured questionnaire. To assess the depression, the respondents were at first screened by General Health Questionnaire 12 and then who scored more than 2 were clinically assessed by Diagnostic and statistical manual fourth edition(DSM-4). After then Hamilton Rating scale for depression (HRDS) was used to measure the severity of depression among the diagnosed depressed cases. The study was conducted at Jaflong tea garden in Goainghat, Sylhet. The study period extended from September 2015 to February 2016. Results: The results show about two third of the respondents were distributed in the age group 30-40 years. Out of the total 192 respondents 72 were male (37%) and 120 were female (63%).About four-fifth (80%) of the respondents were illiterate compared to only 20% respondents who had primary level education and all the respondents were inhabitant of slum. The monthly family income of the respondents was from 900 taka to 2500 taka. Among the total 192 respondents, 78 (40.7%) had a working experience of 16-21 years followed by 62 (32.3%) had 10-15 years and 52 (27%) had 4-9 years. Almost 80% of the respondents (n=152) worked for 8 hours. The proportion of depression among the particular tea garden workers were 21%. Altogether 40 respondents (out of 192) were found as patient of depression and the prevalence rate is more in ever married women of less than or equal to 35 years old and whose experience is 16-21 years and have to work more than or equal to 8 hours. Conclusion: Workers with a potential to suffer from depression may be a crucial economic problem for employers. So from the present study, it is highlighted that mental illness is a significant public health problem in particular occupational sector that need to be addressed to the concerned people. JOPSOM 2020; 39(2): 14-19
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8

Akhter, Shamima, Kutub U. Mollick, and Mohammad H. Uddin. "Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus in a Tea Garden of Bangladesh." Euroasian Journal of Hepato-Gastroenterology 7, no. 1 (2017): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1227.

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ABSTRACT Introduction The overall health status of workers of tea garden of Bangladesh is below the national standard. Also, almost nothing has been reported about status of hepatitis virus infection among these population and there is also a lack of consensus. Materials and methods Several health-related facts, especially those of liver diseases, were collected from 130 workers of tea garden via questionnaire. Sera were also collected from these subjects to assess positivity of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV). Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype was also done using genotype-specific primers in HBsAg-positive sera. Results Out of 130 tea garden workers, 5 were positive for HBsAg; however, none was reactive to anti-HCV. Genotyping of HBV deoxyribonucleic acid of 4 sera samples revealed that 2 belonged to genotype A, 1 to genotype C, and 1 to genotype D. Various risk factors were documented in HBV-infected subjects by analyzing the questionnaire. Conclusion Hepatitis B virus in considerable high percentage is prevalent among workers of tea garden in Bangladesh, and immediate vaccination against HBV should be employed. Also, health education system should be accentuated in specific population like tea garden workers. How to cite this article Al Mahtab M, Akhter S, Mollick KU, Uddin MH, Khan SI, Akbar SMF. Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus in a Tea Garden of Bangladesh. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2017;7(1):107-110.
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Chakraborty, Sumanta, Sharmistha Bhattacherjee, Abhijit Mukherjee, and Samir Dasgupta. "Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and their association with ergonomic physical risk factors among women working in tea gardens of Darjeeling district of West Bengal, India." International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 11, no. 1 (April 3, 2021): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v11i1.35179.

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Introduction: Work related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) is common among tea-plucking folks and may be attributed to the long duration of work in same posture, the load they carry while plucking and transporting the leaves to the nearest depot, improper job rotations and the difficult hilly terrains. Objective: To determine the prevalence and pattern of musculoskeletal disorders among tea garden workers and to ascertain the risk factors for the same. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 210 female tea garden workers employed in tea gardens of Darjeeling district using 30 cluster sampling design. Data on musculoskeletal morbidities were collected using Standard Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and ergonomic risk was assessed by Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) worksheet. Results: Proportion of musculoskeletal disorders in past 12 months was 92.4% and in past 7 days was 71.4%. Upper extremities were the most commonly affected body part. Higher altitude, age, BMI, more duration in present job, history of work related injuries and increased REBA risk assessment score were found to be significantly associated with musculoskeletal disorders. Conclusion: Musculoskeletal morbidities among female tea garden workers of Darjeeling were found to be considerably high. Ergonomic mechanised assistance in tea plucking can reduce this proportion of MSD and thus may go a long way in reducing sickness absenteeism and increasing productivity. Financial support and sponsorship - Nil. Conflicts of interest - There are no conflicts of interest.
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10

Jalil, Md Abdul, and Mohammad Ali Oakkas. "The Experiences of Disadvantages and Discrimination Among the Tea Garden Workers in Bangladesh: An Overview." Asian Social Work Journal 3, no. 5 (December 24, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/aswj.v3i5.64.

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This paper aims to understand the experiences of disadvantages and discrimination among tea garden workers in Bangladesh. Based on the interviews of 75 tea garden workers, the paper identified few domains where they experience disadvantage and discrimination. The paper recommended government intervention and NGO and INGO initiatives to ensure educational opportunities for their children, provide healthcare facilities and increase wages for the garden workers. The paper has implications for the international community to ensure equitable society and social justice for the vulnerable and minority groups all over the world.
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11

Nath, Suman K., Asankur S. Das, Sutapa Datta, and Wankupar Wankhar. "Malnutrition and Anemia: A Health Burden among Tea Garden Workers in West Tripura District, Tripura, India." Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences 9, no. 1 (January 15, 2022): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2022.9.1.40.

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Introduction: The tea garden workers are an underestimated group of our society and are considered to be the most nutritionally vulnerable community. This study was undertaken to study the nutritional status of the male and female tea garden workers of West Tripura district, Tripura, India. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 409 tea garden workers including both sexes (males: 197; females: 212) of age group 18–60 years were selected. A questionnaire for on-ground data collection was administered along with the assessment of dietary intake and dietary quality, anthropometric data measurements, physiological measurements, hematological and biochemical estimation. Results: Most of the workers were vegetarian, and about two-thirds of the participants consumed two meals per day. None of the subjects was in the habit of taking packed lunch in routine, and maximum respondents (males: 84.26%; female: 83.96%) were in the habit of keeping fast. Skipping meals was also common in a vast number of the participants (males: 83.24%; females: 84.90%). A maximum number of participants complained of anorexia, headache, breathlessness on exertion, lethargic feeling, pale conjunctiva, pale skin, and flat nails. A very high prevalence of anemia (males: 94.91%; females: 99.04%) was observed among the workers. The present study also revealed dietary inadequacies, particularly regarding protein, energy, calcium, and all micronutrients (iron, β-carotene, folic acid) except vitamin C. A positive significant (P < 0.05) correlation was observed between hemoglobin and various daily dietary intakes of blood-forming nutrients. Conclusion: The present study reveals the prevalence of anemia among tea garden workers, especially female workers. Nutritional insufficiency might be one of the important factors in this process. This study suggests that a comprehensive public health policy should be developed so that the tea garden workers’ health and nutritional needs can be addressed.
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Rahman, Md Mizanur. "Effect of Rainfall Pattern on the Tea Production in Bangladesh: An Analysis of Socio-economic Perspectives." Journal of Agroforestry and Environment 15, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.55706/jae1507.

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In Bangladesh, tea is a cash crop that significantly benefits both our economy and food security. Hence, the study aimed to assess the present pattern of tea production and the impacts of rainfall patterns on tea yield and made tea quality. The empirical data was collected from ten tea gardens covering three tea-producing administrative divisions and six districts of Bangladesh. The cost of production and profit-loss were examined to link with rainfall distribution. Likewise, the daily income of permanent workers, the job market of the contractual workers, and the workers' associated welfare were critically analyzed to understand the social impact. The results showed that the Rangpur division faces incremental dryness; in contrast, the Sylhet division exhibited a steady pattern with a high frequency of continuous heavy rainfall. The rainfall pattern of the Chottogram division was highly unpredictable and oscillated. Long spell drought and heavy showers followed by flash floods affect tea yield. According to respondents' perception, the rainfall pattern showed changing behaviours that are not favourable for tea production. The emergence of new pests and deterioration of soil characteristics were reported. Bangladesh enjoyed the most pleasant weather for tea production in 2019. The cost of production increases with the adverse weather, which increases the loss for the growers. Profit loss of growers is a determinant of the welfare of the workers impacting their livelihoods. The organic tea garden is not affected by climatic events. Consequently, the socio-economic conditions of the organic garden are safeguarded. Hence, the study recommends following organic farming to cope with climate change. Differently, it was reported that the intermediaries' hegemony in the market chain is more problematic than climate change. Policy initiatives are warranted to correct the market and to establish gardeners' and consumers' rights.
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Roy, Priyanka, Annalisa Grandi, and Enrico Pira. "On demonetization short term effects: Psychosocial risks in tea garden workers." Work 69, no. 1 (May 26, 2021): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-213475.

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BACKGROUND: In November 2016, the government of India declared 86%of the total money in circulation as demonetized. This policy was brought into effect overnight, and it had great macro socioeconomic impact not only on the economy of the country but on the common people, especially the socioeconomically challenged. While several researchers have focused on, and continue to investigate, the effects of demonetization on the economy, its impact on the psychosocial health of workers has not yet been studied. OBJECTIVE: To provide an exploratory investigation of the psychosocial consequences of demonetization on the workers in Indian tea gardens. METHODS: A qualitative research approach was employed. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with seven key informants (clinicians and executives/managers), and 36 tea garden workers were involved in six focus groups. Collected data were analyzed using the Template Analysis technique. RESULTS: From the data analysis, five main themes emerged concerning the psychosocial factors involved in demonetization effects: socioeconomic changes, organizational consequences, workplace interpersonal relationships, work-family interface, and psychophysical symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study highlighted the significant impact that demonetization had on tea gardens at both the organizational and individual levels.
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Basu, Uttiya, and Kaushik Banerjee. "Scope of Collective Bargaining Process in the Small Tea Garden – A Study with Special Reference to Jalpaiguri District of West Bengal." Asia Pacific Journal of Management and Technology 02, no. 04 (2022): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.46977/apjmt.2022v02i04.003.

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The Tea Board of India (TBI) has defined a Small Tea Growers (STGs) as an entity having tea plantation areas of up to 10.12 hectares (or 25 acres) without any processing facility since the early 1990s. The mode of production in tea plantations has undergone a major structural shift from a centralized estate sector system to the emerging small tea growers (STG) bought leaf factory (BLF) system, which broadly represents a flexible and decentralized production system. The labour relations in tea gardens are well defined in the organized sector and covered under the Plantation Labour Act 1951. However, the small tea growers (STG) and Bought-Leaf Factories (BLF) specializing solely in tea manufacturing do not have the distinct industrial identity categorized under the unorganized sector in the tea plantation industry. STGs are no longer a small or marginalized group, as they produce more than half of India's green-leaf output while depriving organized-sector workers of the benefits they should get. The moment has come for small tea garden owners to think about their employees' occupational safety, health, and working circumstances. Given the substantial changes in tea plantation methods, the authors sought to determine the scope of collective bargaining for workers in tiny tea gardens in West Bengal's Jalpaiguri region.
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Ahmed, Ashfaque, and Shamima Yasmin. "Cardiovascular risk factors of tea garden workers from a district of West Bengal, India." Majmaah Journal of Health Sciences 12, no. 2 (2024): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/mjhs.2024.02.012.

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Background and Aims: Cardiovascular risk factors in tea gardens have been seldom studied. The risk factors for these marginalized population needs attention for public health interventions. The current research aimed to assess the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among tea garden workers in the Alipurduar district of West Bengal, India. Methods: An observational, descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 463 tea garden workers working in a district of West Bengal, India to assess risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Proforma was filled along with clinical examination and evaluation of records. Diseases classified as per ICD- 10. Statistical analysis was done with Microsoft excel 10. Results: Most of the study participants were from marginalized society (81.2% tribals). 76% were female. More than 50% (55.9%) were illiterate. 67.2% were from lower income group. As per ICD-10 classification, 24.2% have some non-communicable disease. Risk factors like addiction was quite prevalent (67.2% for tobacco and 57.1 % for Alcohol). Conclusions: Risk factors for cardiovascular disease are quite prevalent among the marginalized population, which needs high priority for intervention.
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Medhi, G. K., N. C. Hazarika, and J. Mahanta. "Nutritional status of adolescents among tea garden workers." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 74, no. 4 (April 2007): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12098-007-0057-3.

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Asif, Mohd, Bishnu Ram Das, and Anuja Baruah. "Prevalence of diarrhoea and child care practices among under-five children in tea gardens of Jorhat district, Assam." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 8 (July 26, 2019): 3477. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20193475.

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Background: Globally diarrhoea remains the second leading cause of mortality among children of below five years age. Objective was to find out the prevalence of diarrhoea and child care practices associated with diarrhoea in under five children of tea garden workers of Jorhat district, Assam.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among the under five children of selected tea gardens of Jorhat district of Assam, India from July 2017 to June 2018.Results: Prevalence of diarrhoea among the study participants in last 2 weeks was found to be 26.4%. Out of 315 study participants, 24.1% belonged to the age group of 12-24 months, 55.2% were males. Exclusive breast feeding was recorded in 95.9% of the children. Prevalence of diarrhoea was less among exclusively breast fed children 25.5% as compared to not exclusively breastfed 46.1%. Health advice during diarrhea was sought by 97.8% of the respondents. Available records showed almost all of the children 99.3% got vaccinated with measles vaccine and contrary to this majority 64.4% study participants had not received Rota virus vaccination.Conclusions: Diarrhoea is still a significant public health problem among fewer than five children of tea garden workers with low Rota virus vaccine coverage. Our study findings recommends for the awareness building among the tea garden dwellers in regard to hand hygiene, timely initiation of complementary feeding, importance of vaccinating children with Rota virus vaccine as a part of containment programme.
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Jumi, Toko, Sayanika Borah, Anadi Ranjan Saikia, Monsumi Borah, and Bhaskar Saikia. "Exploring Women Tea Plantation Workers' Interest in Varied Income-Generating Activities and Decision Making Pattern in Jorhat District of Assam." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 41, no. 8 (June 1, 2023): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i81981.

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The present study was carried out in Jorhat district of Assam. Four (4) tea gardens under public corporation from Jorhat sub-division were selected using purposive sampling method. A total of 100 women tea plantation workers were selected for the present study. It was found that majority of the household decisions were taken jointly by their husbands followed by independent decision. It was further found that respondents spent the majority of time (7.94 hours) in working at tea garden. The majority (51.00%) of the respondents were mostly interested in poultry farming followed by goat rearing (14.00%).
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Jahan, Rifat, Md Monjurul Habib Choudhury, ASM Mashrurul Haque, Md Oliur Rahman Chowdhury, Shah Ferdous Chowdhury, and Progya Laboni Tina. "Contraceptive Methods Used by the Selective Rural Tea Garden Workers of Sylhet." Medicine Today 34, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v34i1.58683.

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Introduction: This study was focused on contraceptive methods used by the selective Tea garden workers of Sylhet. The aim was to explore the used of the contraceptive methods and factors influencing the use of the contraceptive methods along with socio-demographic profile of the tea garden workers. Materials and Methods: It was descriptive type of cross-sectional study carried out in some selective tea garden of Sylhet from July-December, 2020. 150 respondents were selected by purposive type of non-probability sampling method. Data were collected by a pretested mixed type questionnaire. Results: The study revealed that 90 (60%) of workers belonged to of 20-29 years age group. The mean age was 33.87 ± 8.97. Most of the respondents 104 (69.3%) were female, 117 (78%) were followers of Hinduism, 109 (72.7%) were illiterate, 136 (90.7%) were from the nuclear family and 129 (86%) were belonged to lower class. Majority of the workers 136 (90.7%) were using contraceptive methods, among them 78 (57%) were using injectable contraceptive but no one use permanent methods. Most of them used contraceptive methods for prevent unwanted pregnancy and reduced family expenditure that was 46 and 40 (34% and 29%). The survey assessed the positive association between use of contraceptive methods and sex, religion (p<0.05). Conclusion: Due to covid situation, the present study was conducted among only 150 respondents. Large scale survey is necessary to find out the exact pattern of contraceptive methods use throughout the tea garden workers. Medicine Today 2022 Vol.34(1): 79-82
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Chowdhury, MAI, GMJ Hasan, and MA Karim. "A Study on Existing WATSAN Condition of Two Tea Gardens in." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 4, no. 2 (March 17, 2012): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v4i2.10125.

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In Bangladesh, the area around Sylhet is a traditional tea growing zone. Sylhet is not only plays an important role in the socio-economic development of Bangladesh but also important for ecological balance of the country. However, the water supply and sanitation (WATSAN) condition of tea garden area especially for workers is not environmentally sound. Moreover, there is not enough number of tube wells to get water for drinking purposes and even no provision of municipal water supply. The income of tea garden workers is poor around BDT 3000-4000 per month; 80% people were illiterate, 58% people were getting improper (shared among many workers) latrine facility. The drinking water was observed free from faecal coliform and arsenic contamination but the concentration of iron was high. This study reveals that both the tea garden people are deprived from proper latrine facility, water supply system, waste management and housing facilities. Sustainability of water supply and sanitation system must be considered for achieving good health for all and keep the environment healthy for smooth economic development.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v4i2.10125 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 4(2): 13-18, 2011
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Sah, R. B., U. Shah, and N. Jha. "Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Protozoan Infections among the Tea Estates Workers of Ilam District, Nepal." Journal of Health Science Research 1, no. 1 (June 24, 2016): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jhsr/2016/v1/i1/4492.

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<strong>Introduction</strong>: Intestinal protozoan infections continue to remain a global public health challenge, particularly in developing countries. Since diagnosis of these parasites is difficult, prevalence data on intestinal protozoa is scarce. <strong>Objectives</strong>: To measure the prevalence of intestinal Protozoan Infections and to identify risk factors associated with Protozoan Infections among the tea garden workers in Ilam district of Nepal. <strong>Materials and Methods</strong>: A Community based cross-sectional study was conducted among tea garden workers in Ilam district of Nepal. Out of 4 tea estates in Ilam District, 2 tea estates (Ilam Municipality and Kanyam) were selected randomly. Out of total 150 tea workers (30 in Ilam Municipality and 120 in Kanyam), 98 workers participated in the study. Semi-structured questionnaire was used and routine examination of stool was done. Collected data was entered in Microsoft excel and analysed. <strong>Results</strong>: Prevalence of protozoan infections among the Tea Estates workers of Ilam District was 22.4%. <em>Giardia lamblia</em> was seen higher (12.2%) than <em>Entamoeba histolytica</em> (10.2%). Regarding ethnicity, the protozoan infection was seen higher among Dalit (40%) than Janajati (18.8%) and Brahmin/Chhetri (11.1%) (P&lt;0.05). The protozoan infections was seen lower who use of soap and water after defecation (6.2%) than those using only water (60%) (P&lt;0.001). The protozoan infections was also seen lower who wear sandals or shoes (17.3%) than those did not wear (47.1%) (P&lt;0.05). The protozoan infection was seen higher among those having the habit of nail biting and thumbs sucking. <strong>Conclusions</strong>: There is relatively high prevalence of intestinal protozoan infection among the Tea garden workers in Ilam District of Nepal. This obviously suggests that there is possible poor personal hygiene, sanitation, and behavior oriented risk factors which predispose the workers to these parasites.
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Dutta, Hemonta K., and Pradip Deori. "Anterior encephaloceles in children of Assamese tea workers." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 5, no. 1 (January 2010): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2009.8.peds0912.

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Object Anterior encephaloceles are rare congenital malformations. Most of the cases in the literature are reported from Southeast Asia. In India it is seen more frequently among manual laborers in the tea gardens of Assam. A brief background of the patients, clinical presentation, operative treatment, and outcome are discussed, with a review of the relevant literature. The causes and pathogenesis of anterior encephaloceles are discussed. The authors‘ surgical approach to repair of the defect, postoperative complications, and results are described. Methods Twenty-eight patients (mean age 38 months, range 1 month–12 years) with anterior encephaloceles who presented between 1998 and 2007 are included in the study. Patients were assessed for physical and psychological growth and development; any associated anomalies were noted. A detailed history of the patient‘s family, including the prenatal history, was obtained. Lesions were classified with the help of neuroimaging studies (skull x-ray, CT, ultrasonography, and MR imaging studies) and confirmed at surgery. Results Sixteen patients had nasofrontal, 9 had nasoethmoidal, and 3 had nasoorbital encephaloceles, and 12 patients had associated hydrocephalus. The modes of presentation were nasofrontal swelling, watering from the eyes, CSF leakage, fever, and vomiting. Parents of all the patients were ethnic tea garden workers. The average parental age at the time of marriage was 24 years for men and 18 years for women. Consanguinity was present in 6 patients. Alcohol consumption and tobacco chewing were a common practice in both parents. A total of 42 surgical procedures were done in 16 patients, one of whom died of postoperative meningitis. The mean follow-up duration was 38 months (1–92 months). Conclusions Anterior encephaloceles are rare in Western countries and other states in India, but this defect is more commonly seen among the ethnic tea garden workers in Assam. Transcranial repair is the treatment of choice. Unlike encephaloceles in other locations, anterior encephaloceles have a better clinical outcome after surgery.
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Ghosh, Chandra, Rajib Biswas, and A. P. Das. "Ethnic uses of some pteridophytic weeds of tea gardens in Darjeeling and Terai." NBU Journal of Plant Sciences 2, no. 1 (2008): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.55734/nbujps.2008.v02i01.008.

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Pteridophytes occupy a recognisable position in the flora of Terai and the hills of Darjiling. They are also well represented as weed in the Tea Gardens of this area. Recent survey recorded the occurrence of 86 species of pteridophytes from nine such gardens covering both Terai and Darjiling Hills. Of these, 25 species (30%), covering 21 genera and 20 families, are used by the Tea Garden workers in different manner like (i) 10 species as food, (ii) 02 species for fermenting traditional liquor, (iii) 01 species as fodder and (iv) 22 species as medicine for human diseases. In addition, some of these plants are used for basketry, playing carom, ceremonial decoration, ornamentals etc.
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Islam, Arifa, Rowshan Ara, Ummul Khair Alam, Irin Hossain, and Saleha Jahan. "Utilization of Pregnancy Related Care Among Female Tea Garden Workers." Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine 38, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jopsom.v38i2.47863.

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Introduction: Utilization of pregnancy related care have crucial role in the improvement of reproductive health. Though Bangladesh has taking efforts by introducing various women-oriented development programs to limit the maternal mortality and morbidity, these services are poorly available to the deprived group. They are still struggling with their low utilization of pregnancy care. Objective: The study is aimed to find out the state of utilization of pregnancy related care among female tea garden workers. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out from January to December 2017 among 326 purposively selected female workers residing in tea gardens of Sylhet having a baby of 42 days to one year. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used for face to face interview to document the information about their antennal care, intranatal care and postnatal care utilization. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The utilization of antenatal care was 52%, institutional delivery was 12.3%, had skilled attendant at birth 18.1% and received postnatal care 16.6% among the study population. Respondents antenatal care seeking was associated with their age (ρ=0.003), religion (ρ=0.000), literacy level of self (ρ=0.000) and husband (ρ=0.002) and their monthly family income (ρ=0.014). Place of last delivery of respondents was associated with their age (ρ=0.001). Literacy level of respondents (ρ=0.023) and that of their husbands (ρ=0.019) and their monthly family income ((ρ=0.015) was also associated with respondent’s birth attendant in their last delivery. In this study respondents postnatal care seeking is associated with their husband’s literacy level (ρ=0.010) but not associated with their age group (ρ=0.420), religion (ρ=0.067), their own educational status (ρ=0.370), and monthly family income (ρ=0.361). The main barrier that hold back from utilization of these services was lack of knowledge and ignorance followed by poverty. Conclusion: This study reveals low utilization of pregnancy related care among the tea garden workers. Effective steps should be taken to encourage the proper utilization of pregnancy related care in this community. JOPSOM 2019; 38(2): 38-45
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Noviana, Githa, Fani Ardiani, Purwadi Purwadi, Santa Monica, and Idum Satia Santi. "ANALYSIS OF TEA HARVESTING MECHANIZATION (CAMELLIA SINENSIS) ON THE INCOME OF PICKING WORKERS IN WONOSOBO TEA PLANTATIONS, CENTRAL JAVA." Journal of Agriculture 1, no. 03 (January 12, 2023): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.47709/joa.v1i03.1971.

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Indonesia is one of the largest tea producing countries where dry tea production is exported to various countries. The tea industry absorbs a lot of labor both from the area around the tea garden and from outside the garden area. Tea pickers are workers who really need their existence, considering the quality and quantity of tea depends on how they work. The wages of tea pickers are very low due to the small amount of picking weight produced because the picking system is still done manually. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of manual picking mechanization and using scissors on the wages earned by pickers. Sampling was done randomly and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the picking system and the wages of the pickers. The use of picking scissors can increase wages by 40.18%. The increase in pickers' income is expected to be able to motivate pickers to work optimally to increase the welfare of Wonosobo tea pickers.
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Bhowmick, Anjan, Mohammad Nurunnabi, Laboni Adhikary, Md Shamsur Rahman, Tanmoy Saha, and Kazi Jahangir Hossain. "Periodontal Status and Gingival Conditions of the Tea Workers." Eastern Medical College Journal 8, no. 1 (October 21, 2022): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/emcj.v8i1.66723.

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Background: Periodontitis and gingivitis are prevalent chronic inflammatory diseases. The examination of the periodontal and gingival conditions is complex and requires a proficient dental healthcare provider to detect the patient’s definite problems. Methodology: The study was designed as a cross-sectional study to assess the periodontal status and gingival conditions of the 372 tea workers in the purposively selected Premnagar tea garden located in Moulvibazar district, Sylhet 3200, Bangladesh. ‘Community Periodontal Index’ (CPI) was used to measure the periodontal status. Results: Most of the workers (38.2%) were from the age group ≥37 years and illiterates (62.1%). More than two-fourths (57.8%) had detected calculus during probing, one-fourth (25.3%) had a shallow pocket and only 11.6% had healthy periodontal status. The prevalence of poor periodontal status was 88.4%. Among the dental cleaning aids such as toothbrush users, 15.6% had healthy periodontal status, whereas the smokeless tobacco non-users (22.6%) and pan-supari non-chewers (75.0%) had healthy periodontal conditions. The level of periodontal status factors was statistically significant with age, educational qualification, and monthly household income (p<0.05) of the workers. Conclusion: The study warrants poor periodontal health status among the tea workers. It is essential to do the periodical assessment of the periodontal condition, risk factors analysis, and management complications by establishing dental health corners in tea garden health settings. Eastern Med Coll J. Jan 2023; 8 (1) 19-23
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Kujur, Prerna, Syed H. Mazhar, and Jahanara Jahanara. "Socio-Economic Condition and Constraints faced by Tea Garden Women Workers in Chhattisgarh." International Journal of Advances in Agricultural Science and Technology 8, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.47856/ijaast.2021.v08i9.002.

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The present study was conducted in Jashpur district of Chhattisgarh to find out the socio-economic condition of women tea growers, to find out the constraints faced by them and seek suggestions to improve better working conditions. A total of 120 respondents were selected randomly for the present study. The data was collected through a pre-structured interview schedule and later appropriate statistical analysis was done to find out meaningful result. The result showed that the women tea growers found that there was improper sanitation facility inside the tea garden. They suggested that improved sanitation facility and social mobility could help them to improve better working environment.
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Auntu, Sumaya Khan. "Exploring Globalization on the Perspective of Female Tea Garden Workers of Bangladesh." European Journal of Business and Management Research 6, no. 2 (April 16, 2021): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2021.6.2.830.

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The conflict between flat and spiky world is a source of ongoing discourse. There is an abundance of literature explaining how the flat world mocks itself with the spikiness throughout. There is a lack in constructing trust-based relationships, connecting capabilities and amplifying innovation and learning across the spikes. The paper will focus on exploring the real status of the world whether it is flat or spiky on the context of female tea worker of Bangladesh along with analyzing the natural and social scenario of environment and job field of female tea worker in which they are suppressed and their level of consciousness about their rights and privileges. The paper will follow the research question-How do the arguments of flat and spiky worlds fit when tested from the perspective of female tea garden worker of Bangladesh? Furthermore, the paper uses qualitative research method to build arguments beyond the gaps that existing literature provides.
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Iqbal, Mohd Shamim, Amanda C. Palmer, Jillian Waid, S. M. Mustafizur Rahman, Md M. Islam Bulbul, and Tahmeed Ahmed. "Nutritional Status Among School-Age Children of Bangladeshi Tea Garden Workers." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 41, no. 4 (October 21, 2020): 424–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0379572120965299.

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Background: While considerable progress has been made in reducing undernutrition in Bangladesh, regional disparities are known to exist, and certain population subgroups may lag behind. Objective: To characterize nutritional status among school-age children in a historically marginalized population of Bangladesh. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional assessment of children attending 14 nongovernmental organization-operated schools serving the tea estate population in Kulaura Upazila, Sylhet Division. We randomly selected 168 children from a population of 418 whose parents attended school-organized Parent–Teacher Association meetings. Parents provided consent and data on household food consumption in the past week, foods consumed by children in the past 24 hours, and household food insecurity. We drew venous blood from assenting children for the analysis of hemoglobin and plasma retinol, C-reactive protein, and α1-acid glycoprotein. Children were classified as stunted, underweight, or thin based on comparisons with the World Health Organization standards for height-for-age, weight-for-age, or body mass index-for-age, respectively. Results: Food insecurity was highly prevalent, with ∼85% of households affected. Roughly half of children had low dietary diversity. Prevalence estimates for stunting, underweight, and thinness were 32%, 50%, and 49%, respectively. Approximately 60% of children had a hemoglobin concentration <11 g/dL. The mean (±SD) plasma retinol concentration was 0.79 μmol/L (±0.23 μmol/L), with 34% deficient using a 0.70 μmol/L cutoff. Conclusions: A heightened focus on tracking progress in underserved populations and appropriately targeted programming will be critical as Bangladesh seeks to accelerate progress toward global development goals for nutrition.
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Subba, Rathika. "Voices of the Marginal: Comparative Analysis of Mahasweta Devi’s “Draupadi” and Asit Rai’s Yantrana." New Literaria 04, no. 01 (2023): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.48189/nl.2023.v04i1.010.

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Postcolonialism has ushered in creating possibilities to locate the voices of the marginalized. In this light Mahasweta Devi is one of the prolific writers who has championed the cause of the suppressed and the marginalized sections of the society. Her works seek to rewrite and represent their history and reality as they are the ones who actually contribute towards history writing. “Draupadi” (1981) is about individual courage, determination and resilience. The protagonist of the story cuts across class, caste and gender barriers and protests against the brutality of state-sponsored violence, atrocity and inhumanity. She breaks the shackles of confinement of patriarchy and state-aided cruelty as it specifically decides the punishment for her because she is an ‘insurgent’, ‘culprit’ and above all a woman. Similar echoes are found in a Nepali novel Yantrana (1980) by Asit Rai. It brings out the plight and torture of Chandrabahadur, a tea garden worker, who dares to speak against the inhuman system of the ‘maliks’ who have usurped all the power to keep the workers subordinated. It is about his fight against the inhuman treatment and management in the tea garden. The plantation system in the tea garden on the other hand has the indirect support of the government to crush any voice of dissent and discord. Both in Mahasweta Devi’s “Draupadi” and Asit Rai’s Yantrana the marginalized voices spring out of the intended and extended exclusion and suppression.
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Kamruzzaman, Md, Mohammad Ashraful Islam, Sohel Rana, and Muhaiminur Rashid. "Survival Strategies of Female Workers: A Study in a Tea Garden of Bangladesh." Universal Journal of Agricultural Research 3, no. 5 (September 2015): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/ujar.2015.030502.

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32

Kumar, S. N., S. Raisuddin, B. Bastia, R. Deval, S. Anjum, D. Borgohain, and A. K. Jain. "Placental oxidative stress and DNA damage in tea garden workers exposed to pesticides." Toxicology Letters 258 (September 2016): S207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1753.

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Hossain, Md Kamrul, Kanis Fatama Ferdushi, and Hafiz T. A. Khan. "Self-Assessed Health Status among Ethnic Elderly of Tea Garden Workers in Bangladesh." Ageing International 44, no. 4 (August 13, 2019): 385–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12126-019-09354-w.

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34

Rasaily, Rinju. "Sitting Ducks Post-COVID? Work Organisation and Compounded Health Risks for Darjeeling Tea Workers." Social Change 53, no. 4 (November 30, 2023): 550–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00490857231203359.

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This article argues that burgeoning economic uncertainty, competitiveness of commodity production after COVID-19 and labour reforms may facilitate the industry to reorganise work arrangements through labour flexibilisation and mechanisation, accentuate health precarity, and nefariously push the disenfranchised Darjeeling tea labour further into oblivion. Workers’ access to basic healthcare services for illnesses and diseases such as fevers, diarrhoea, dysentery, anaemia, and hypertension pivots on the fragile lines of power and ethno-gender that are deeply embedded in plantation societies. Subsequently, social distancing as a preventive everyday measure during the pandemic appears to have reinforced both class and caste divide among these communities. The tangible absence of a robust health infrastructure in the Darjeeling hills exposes the undeniable shift in the responsibility of healthcare by the tea garden management on workers’ households and the samaj, as a social collective in managing illness and care.
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Borkakoty, Bidyananda. "Attitude of Tea Garden Workers towards Higher Education of their Children: An Analytical Study in Golaghat District of Assam." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 13, no. 2 (February 5, 2024): 464–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr24205085432.

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36

Kamruzzaman, Md, Shahnaj Parveen, and Animesh Das. "Livelihood Improvement of Tea Garden Workers: A Scenario of Marginalized Women Group in Bangladesh." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 7, no. 1 (January 10, 2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2015/18690.

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37

Islam, Md Nazrul, and Md Al-Amin. "Life behind leaves: capability, poverty and social vulnerability of tea garden workers in Bangladesh." Labor History 60, no. 5 (June 2, 2019): 571–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0023656x.2019.1623868.

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38

Dastidar, Abhijit, Smriti Pathak Dutta, and Hiranya Saikia. "BLOOD PRESSURE PROFILE OF SCHOOL CHILDREN OF TEA GARDEN WORKERS IN AND AROUND DIBRUGARH TOWN." Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 3, no. 93 (November 21, 2016): 5125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2016/1072.

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39

Dutta, Susmita, and Min Bahadur. "Comet assay genotoxicity evaluation of occupationally exposed tea-garden workers in northern West Bengal, India." Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 844 (August 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2019.06.005.

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40

Kumar, Shashi Nandar, Sheikh Raisuddin, Kh Jitenkumar Singh, Banajit Bastia, Deepa Borgohain, Long Teron, Santanu Kumar Sharma, and Arun Kumar Jain. "Association of maternal determinants with low birth weight babies in tea garden workers of Assam." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research 46, no. 5 (March 15, 2020): 715–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jog.14239.

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41

Rahman, Md Mirajur. "Wages Diversity and Negligence: A Comparative Study of Tea Garden Workers in Sylhet Region, Bangladesh." Open Journal of Economics and Commerce 3, no. 1 (2020): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22259/2638-549x.0301004.

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Sinha, Nirmalya, Shamima Yasmin, Manabendra Sau, Manas Patra, and Baijayanti Baur. "Poverty, undernutrition and morbidity: The untold story of tea-garden workers of Alipurduar district, West Bengal." Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 11, no. 6 (2022): 2526. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1322_21.

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43

V, Dhananjayan, Ravichandran B, Panjakumar K, Kalaiselvi K, Kausic Rajasekar, Mala A, Avinash G, Shridhar K, Manju A, and Rajesh Wilson. "Assessment of genotoxicity and cholinesterase activity among women workers occupationally exposed to pesticides in tea garden." Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 841 (May 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2019.03.002.

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44

Medhi, G. K., and J. Mahanta. "Impact of Education and Income on Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) Among Adult Tea Garden Workers of Assam." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 12 (December 2008): e343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.914.

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45

Francis, Delfin Lovelina. "Abstract 65: Oral Health Inequalities Among Tobacco Users in the Tea Plantation Workers, Nilgiri Hills, Tamilnadu, India." Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 32, no. 6_Supplement (June 1, 2023): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.asgcr23-abstract-65.

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Abstract Purpose: Tea is an important agro-industry of India, which contributes immensely to the countries economy. Poor socio-economic conditions, ignorance due to illiteracy, over-crowded and unhygienic living conditions in the residential colonies make tea garden population vulnerable. Hence this study was contemplated with an aim to assess the oral health status, tobacco use and cancer awareness among tea plantation workers, Nilgiri Hills, Tamil Nadu, India. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to assess the prevalence of head and neck cancers among tobacco use and cancer awareness among tea plantation workers, Nilgiri Hills. Data was collected using a pretested Questionnaire, which included Demographic data, tobacco habits, its frequency and form. Oral examination for potentially malignant and cancerous lesions was done by the examiner. The data collected was analysed using SPSS version 21. Results: Results showed that among 900 study population, 57% had no formal education, 64.5% had indigenous brushing habits. Of those who had the habit of smoking, 26% smoked beedi, 10.9% smoked cigarette, 65% chewed raw tobacco, 18% chewed Hans and 28% had a combination of smoking and smokeless tobacco usage. 52% of oral mucosal and potentially malignant lesions, 6% oral cancers were observed. Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in the study population was due to tobacco usage and lack of awareness regarding the deleterious effects of the products used. Conclusion: The dangers from smoking and chewing tobacco are well documented within the literature but the public’s lack of knowledge of the risks is a concern. Health professionals are encouraged to ensure that the public is made aware of these risks, especially those within high-risk groups. Citation Format: Delfin Lovelina Francis. Oral Health Inequalities Among Tobacco Users in the Tea Plantation Workers, Nilgiri Hills, Tamilnadu, India [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Closing the Research-to-Implementation Gap; 2023 Apr 4-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 65.
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Chattopadhyay, Subhra, Sandip Mukherjee, Alak K. Syamal, Devashish Sen, and Chandan Mitra. "Working postures of tea pluckers and its interrelationship with their plucking efficiency." Occupational Ergonomics 6, no. 3-4 (February 28, 2007): 143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/oer-2006-63-403.

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The purpose of this study was to examine posture-comfort-performance interrelationships in plucking-based task in a tea garden. Results of coefficient of correlation between the stature bush height ratio (SBHr) and total yield (TY) (permanent: r=0.80, temporary: r=0.81), and SBHr and body part discomfort frequency and severity (BPDFS) (permanent: r=−0.78, temporary: r=−0.77) clearly indicated that performance (TY) was correlated both with the SBHr and BPDFS. Similar correlation studies between duration (TT) and BPDFS revealed that BPDFS increased with progression of time. Analysis of joint angle changes (trunk angle 92%, shoulder angle 63% and neck angle 87%) further suggests that both BPDFS and overall postural shifts (in terms of changes in joint angles) increased with the progression of time (time on task – TT). Body part discomfort (BPD) rank order of different body parts of pluckers (upper body part discomfort scores – permanent: 2.00–6.00, temporary: 1.88–5.88; lower body part discomfort scores – permanent: 2.13–2.88, temporary: 1.88–2.75) further revealed that upper body parts were mostly involved in discomfort development. These results suggest that an overall postural shift may be a good indicator of perceived musculoskeletal discomfort in a tea leaf plucking task where a constrained posture is required. Results of independent test series suggest that there was a good agreement between the predicted and observed values of the different variables (89.6–96.3%). The predictive value of the regression equations may be utilized for estimating values of different interacting variables, and thus, the importance of these regression equations in the supervision of workers engaged in tea plucking is evident. It is therefore proposed that to improve performance, these observations can conveniently be utilized while plucking sectors are allotted to pluckers in a tea garden.
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Dutta, Susmita, and Min Bahadur. "Cytogenetic analysis of micronuclei and cell death parameters in epithelial cells of pesticide exposed tea garden workers." Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods 26, no. 8 (October 12, 2016): 627–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15376516.2016.1230917.

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Nasim Ansari, Md, and Jamaluddeen . "Impact of Wage Digitization on the Savings and Financial Inclusion of Tea Garden Workers of West Bengal (India)." Arthshastra Indian Journal of Economics & Research 12, no. 4 (December 31, 2023): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17010/aijer/2023/v12i4/173305.

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Chatterjee, Somsirsa, Ankur Ganguly, and Saugat Bhattacharya. "Characterization of HRV by Poincare Plot Analysis among the Female Tea Garden Workers of Northern Hilly Regions of West Bengal." International Journal of Healthcare Information Systems and Informatics 5, no. 2 (April 2010): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jhisi.2010040106.

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Recent research on Heart Rate Variability (HRV) has proven that Poincare Plot is a powerful tool to mark Short Term and Long Term Heart Rate Variability. This study focuses a comprehensive characterization of HRV among the Tea Garden Workers of the Northern Hilly Regions of West Bengal. The characterization, as available from the data sets, projects the average values of SD1 characteristics, that is, Short Term HRV in females as 58.265ms and SD2 as 149.474. The SDRR shows a mean value of 87.298 with a standard deviation of 119.669 and the S Characterization as 16505.99 ms and Standard deviation of 45882.31 ms. The SDRR shows a mean value of 87.298 with a standard deviation of 119.669 and the S Characterization as 16505.99 ms and Standard deviation of 45882.31 ms. ApEn Characterization showed mean value of 0.961 and standard deviation of 0.274.
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Hazarika, N. C., D. Biswas, K. Narain, R. K. Phukan, H. C. Kalita, and J. Mahanta. "Differences in Blood Pressure Level and Hypertension in Three Ethnic Groups of Northeastern India." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 12, no. 2 (July 2000): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/101053950001200204.

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A cross sectional study on hypertension was done on 294 subjects aged 30 years and above. 150 households were selected randomly representing 50 households from each locality inhabited exclusively by the rural Mizos, indigenous rural Assamese and the tea-garden workers respectively, in the northeastern region of India. Blood pressure was measured by sphygmo-manorneter in sitting posture. Anthro-pometric measurements were taken using standard procedure for measuring height, weight, waist and hip girth. Information on age, sex, ethnicity, literacy, alcohol intake, smoking pattern, physical activity, occupation, amount of salt consumption was collected using a standard and pre-tested questionnaire. Significant differences were observed in both the systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels among the three different ethnic groups selected for this study ( p<0.0001). Multiple regression analyses indicated that in Mizos, age, waist circumference and alcohol intake were independently associated with increase in systolic blood pressure whereas smoking was found to be negatively associated with systolic blood pressure ( R2=0.391, p<0.001). Factors, which were the best predictors of diastolic blood pressure, were age and body mass index [(kg/m2) ( R2=0.227, p<0.001)]. In the rural Assamese population, the best predictors of systolic blood pressure were age and waist circumference ( R2=0.263, p=0.018). For the diastolic blood pressure, age, alcohol intake and body mass index were important correlates ( R2 = 0.131, p<0.001). In the tea garden community, important predictors of systolic blood pressure were age, gender and marital status ( R2=0.187, p<0.001). On the other hand, age and alcohol intake were best predictors for diastolic blood pressure ( R2=0.09, p<0.001). Asia Pac J Public Health 2000,-12(2): 71-78
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