Academic literature on the topic 'Tea garden management'
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Journal articles on the topic "Tea garden management"
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Wang, Chunyi, Mingyue Zhao, Yinlong Xu, Yuncheng Zhao, and Xiao Zhang. "Ecosystem Service Synergies Promote Ecological Tea Gardens: A Case Study in Fuzhou, China." Remote Sensing 15, no. 2 (January 16, 2023): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15020540.
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Exploring the trade-off/synergy among ecosystem services (ESs) of agroecosystems could provide effective support for improving agricultural resilience for sustainable development. The construction of ecological tea gardens is emerging, aims to achieve a win-win situation for the tea industry and ecological environment protection. However, the effect of ES trade-offs/synergies on tea production is still not clear. In this study, we selected Fuzhou city, China, as a case study and explored the relationship among tea production and ESs in 2010 and 2020. Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) and Intelligent Urban Ecosystem Management System (IUEMS) models were used to assess the ecosystem (dis)services, which were tea production, water yield, soil retention, net primary productivity (NPP), climate regulation, soil erosion and carbon emissions. Then, the sum of trade-off/synergy coefficients of ESs (Cts) were defined to reveal the trade-off/synergy in tea gardens and areas except tea gardens (ETG areas). K-means clustering was used to assess the spatiotemporal change of traditional tea garden and ecological tea garden, reflecting the effect of ecological tea garden construction. The results showed that: (1) the high-value areas of tea production were mainly distributed in Lianjiang County, with yields up to 3.6 t/ha, and the low-value areas in Yongtai County, with yields from 0.1–1.0 t/ha. Other ESs showed spatial heterogeneity. (2) The trade-offs in ETG areas intensified from 2010 to 2020, with Cts decreasing from −0.28 to −0.73, and the synergy in tea garden was at risk of decline, with Cts decreasing from 4.46 to 1.02. (3) From 2010 to 2020, 96.72% of traditional tea gardens (Area I) were transformed into ecological tea gardens (Areas IV and V). (4) Further, we classified the tea garden into five zones based on tea yield, with Zone I as the low tea yield areas and Zone V as the highest. From Zone I to Zone V, the Cts increased from 2.6 to 7.5 in 2010, and from 1.9 to 6.5 in 2020, respectively. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the construction of ecological tea gardens in Fuzhou and provide a reference for subsequent studies on the ESs of tea gardens and governance of ecological tea gardens.
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Das, Uday, and Rafiqul Islam. "LIVELIHOOD REALISM: A REVIEW ON CLOSED TEA GARDENS OF DOOARS, WEST BENGAL." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 9, no. 2 (February 23, 2021): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i2.2021.3355.
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The paper is an attempt to understanding the ongoing livelihood realities in closed/ abandoned tea garden of Bengal-Dooars (Jalpaiguri and Alipurduar). The region produced large scale good qualities tea in more than 150 organised tea estates. Tea industry of North Bengal has been trashily affected by global economic quandary and local constraints. Many tea estates failed to manage the shock; the management closed many gardens. The garden closure and work shutdown have been produced a livelihood disaster. A school drop-out, child trafficking, Child labour mobility, rally of hunger and starvation death and extreme poverty is the ongoing livelihood phenomena in labour colonies of closed tea gardens. The present paper has discussed the particulars (housing, drinking water, medical facilities, education, liabilities etc.) of five closed gardens by using the data from TG Survey Final Report, Labour Commissionerate, Govt. of West Bengal and Tea Board of India.
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Wohl, Sharon. "The Turkish Tea Garden." Space and Culture 20, no. 1 (August 1, 2016): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1206331216646058.
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This article examines the history, use, and significance of the Turkish Tea Garden or Cay Bahcesi, positing that these gardens offer unique democratic spaces for public discourse set within the polis. The article unpacks the historical, cultural, and symbolic features of these gardens, and the role these shared spaces play in Turkey’s multivalent civic environment. It employs Ray Oldenburg’s notion of “third space” to consider how these gardens provide inclusive settings for a culturally diverse citizenry. Furthermore, the article considers how these spaces act as repositories of shared memory, mediating conflict that appears in other societal spheres. The gardens are presented as uniquely “sacred” third spaces, distinct from the “profane” third spaces characterized by Oldenburg.
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Liu, Shaqian, Rui Yang, and Chunlan Hou. "Effect of Enzyme Activity Changes on Decomposition Characteristics of Leaf Litter Mixed Decomposition of Configurated Tree Species in Ecological Tea Garden." Agriculture 13, no. 2 (February 8, 2023): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13020394.
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In the management of eco-tea gardens, the recycling of weathered leaves of the configured tree species plays an important role in the nutrients of the tea garden ecosystem. The in situ decomposition method was used to analyze the decomposition rate, elemental release, and enzymatic activity of different combinations of leaf litter in tea garden soil. The results showed that mixed decomposition accelerates the decomposition turnover period of Jiu’an ecological tea garden. The higher release rate of the litter improved the nutrient effectiveness in the ecological tea garden. The trends of CAT (catalase), AP (acid phosphatase), and PPO (polyphenol oxidase) activities were similar during the decomposition of different mixed leaf litters, while all other enzyme activities showed some differences. There were also some differences in the relationship between the enzyme activity and decomposition rate of leaf litter and the nutrient release rate related to the substrate mass content during the decomposition of leaf litter. Overall, the changes in the nutrient content of the leaf litter during decomposition promoted an increase in enzyme activity, which in turn promoted the release of leaf litter elements, shortened the turnover period of leaf litter decomposition, and accelerated the recycling of elements in the ecological tea garden.
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Chen, Guoqi, Bin Zhang, Qiong Wu, Linhong Jin, Zhuo Chen, and Xiaofeng Tan. "Group characteristics of tea growers relative to weed management: a case study in southwestern China." Weed Technology 33, no. 6 (August 22, 2019): 847–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2019.67.
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AbstractFarmer training is important to improve weed management practices in tea cultivation. To explore the group characteristics of tea growers, we interviewed 354 growers in Guizhou Province, China. Sixty-one percent of the respondents planted tea for companies or cooperative groups, and 56% managed tea gardens larger than 10 ha. Self-employed tea growers tended to be older and smallholders, and to apply herbicides and conduct weed control less frequently (P < 0.05). Approximately 87% of the respondents conducted weed control two to four times yr−1, 83% spent between $200 and $2,000 ha−1 yr−1 for weed control, and 42% thought weed control costs would decrease by 5 years from this study. Twenty-eight species were mentioned by the respondents as being the most serious. According to canonical correspondence analysis, latitude, altitude, being self-employed or a member of a cooperative, having training experience in tea-garden weed management, and frequency and cost of weed control in tea gardens had significant (P < 0.05) influence on the composition of most troublesome weed species listed by respondents. Among the respondents, 60% had had farmer’s training on weed management in tea gardens. Of these, a significant number (P < 0.05) tended to think weed control costs would decrease, and a nonsignificant number (P > 0.05) tended to conduct weed control more frequently and have lower weed management costs in their tea gardens.
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Paul, Tripti, and Sandeep Mondal. "A strategic analysis of tea leaves supply chain before manufacturing – a case in Assam." Benchmarking: An International Journal 26, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 246–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-01-2018-0007.
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PurposeThere exists insufficient literature on classification and taxonomy of tea leaves supply chain (TLSC), so the purpose of this paper is to study the existing TLSCs and classify them accordingly. Apart from this, the paper also focuses on identification of key decisions issues in the supply chains (SC) and developing a TLSC decision framework for the state of Assam in India.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on a two-year detailed study on TLSC in Assam which encompasses 22 Tea Estates, 41 Small Tea Gardens (STGs) and a Research Institute (Tocklai Tea Research Institute). Secondary data were collected from relevant websites of various government organizations of India, company’s websites, annual reports, official statements from the companies, tea market reports, annual reports of the Indian Tea Association, the Tea Board of India, Tea Research Institute and published reports, etc.FindingsThe “point of origin” of TLSC is a tea garden, “point of consumption” is considered as a tea factory and green tea leaves (GTLs) forms the basic raw material. This SC includes mainly three players: Tea leaves growers, manufacturers of made tea and tea leaves agents. This study identifies the three types of TLSCs existing in Assam: TLSC1, TLSC2 and TLSC3. Among them, only TLSC1 is both responsive as well as an efficient chain, while the rest are only responsive chains. Later two SCs can be made efficient with the proposed TLSC4.Research limitations/implicationsThere is an insufficient literature on classification and taxonomy of TLSC, therefore the study (considerably the classification and taxonomy of TLSC) was developed from the primary data which were collected from the 22 Tea Estates and 41 STGs of four districts of Assam, because of limited time (two years). The study should have involved more tea estates and small tea gardens for better classification and taxonomy.Practical implicationsThe proposed model suggests that small tea growers may create a co-operative whereby smaller tea gardens (STGs) (members of the co-operative) unite to act as a single large garden, set up their own co-operative factory and recruit permanent tea plucking laborers. This up-gradation of TLSC2 and TLSC3 to TLSC4 may enable a group of STGs to work in a manner similar to a Tea Estate.Originality/valueTo the best of authors’ knowledge this is one of the first studies to classify the TLSC in Assam.
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Rahaman, Md Saidur, Syed Muhammod Ali Reza, Md Mizanur Rahman, and Md Solaiman Chowdhury. "A deplorable community in Bangladesh: tea garden workers." Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 15, no. 4 (February 15, 2021): 548–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-10-2020-0176.
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Purpose Throughout history, tea garden workers are treated as slaves of employers and live an inhuman life in modern society. This paper aims to provide an account of the deplorable community (workers) of the tea garden in Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach The authors used a mixed-method research approach to conduct this study. In the first stage, using a semi-structured questionnaire, Focus group discussions (FGDs) were done by forming two groups from two districts to get a clear picture of the tea garden workers’ living standards in Bangladesh. Based on the findings of the FGD, the researchers prepared a structured questionnaire containing the basic elements of their quality of work life. In this stage, the authors collected the information from 200 tea workers about their quality of work life. Findings The major finding showed that the overall country’s economy is booming because of tea workers’ contributions, but their economic conditions gradually become impoverished. The workers’ are living with colossal poverty and vulnerability. Besides, the workers are supposed to get fundamental rights, including food, clothing, shelter, education and health, but the higher authorities were found indifferent to take the necessary initiative to implement these rights. Research limitations/implications The data was collected only from the tea garden workers. This study excluded any other parties (trade union leaders, panchayats, garden managers and owners). Thus, it is suggested that the researchers should conduct a similar study covering the opinion, including all the parties. Practical implications Both the workers and the higher authorities of the tea garden might benefit from this study’s findings. Workers will be more aware of their basic rights. The authorities can also prepare some effective policies to improve the overall quality of life of the tea workers. Originality/value To the best knowledge of the authors, this is the first study on tea garden workers’ inhuman life in Bangladesh in the entire emerald insight publishers.
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Fu, Haiping, Huan Li, Peng Yin, Huiling Mei, Jianjie Li, Pinqian Zhou, Yuanjiang Wang, et al. "Integrated Application of Rapeseed Cake and Green Manure Enhances Soil Nutrients and Microbial Communities in Tea Garden Soil." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 9, 2021): 2967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052967.
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(1) Aims: This study was aimed to investigate the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizer application on the soil nutrients and microbiota in tea garden soil. (2) Method: Illumina Hiseq sequencing technique was conducted to analyze the microbial diversity and density in different fertilizer-applied tea garden soil. (3) Results: The results showed that Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the predominant bacterial species observed in the tea garden soil. Besides, the relative abundance of Basidiomycota, Ascomycota and Zygomycota fungal species were higher in the tea garden soil. Correlation analysis revealed that Acidibacter and Acidothermus were significantly correlated with chemical properties (such as total organic carbon (TOC), total phosphorus (TP) and available phosphorus (AP) contents) of the tea garden soil. Furthermore, all these microbes were abundant in medium rapeseed cake (MRSC) + green manure (GM) treated tea garden soil. (4) Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, we conclude that the application of MRSC + GM could be a preferred fertilizer to increase the soil nutrients (TOC, TP and AP content) and microbial population in the tea garden soil.
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Shrestha, Gita, and Resham B. Thapa. "Tea pests and pesticide problems and integrated management." Journal of Agriculture and Environment 16 (June 1, 2015): 188–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v16i0.19852.
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Tea is one of the most popular beverage and main cash crops of Nepal with a very high export potential. Its plantation has expanded over 19000 ha with production of nearly 21 million kg per annum providing employment opportunity to 12000 farmers and many traders in Nepal. This plant suffers from more than 300 recognized pests, of which 25-30 insect pests occur regularly in poorly managed tea garden and some of them are major ones causing significant crop loss. Their recognition of field occurrence and incidence helps in devising management options to reduce crop loss. Therefore, a study was conducted to monitor insect pests, ascertain their nature of incidence and time of occurrence in tea garden in terai (Bhadrapur), foot-hill (Barne) and mid- hill (Kanyam) of eastern Nepal. Information was gathered by interacting with local tea gardeners, close observation in the field, collection of species and their identification in the laboratory, which showed that both terai and foot-hills with warmer climate harbored higher number of species than mid-hills. Their integrated management is essential for sustainable tea production.
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Jamil, Akhtar, Bulent Bayram, Turgay Kucuk, and Dursun Zafer Seker. "Spectral features based tea garden extraction from digital orthophoto maps." Proceedings of the ICA 1 (May 16, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-1-57-2018.
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The advancements in the photogrammetry and remote sensing technologies has made it possible to extract useful tangible information from data which plays a pivotal role in various application such as management and monitoring of forests and agricultural lands etc. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of spectral signatures for extraction of tea gardens from 1&thinsp;:&thinsp;5000 scaled digital orthophoto maps obtained from Rize city in Turkey. First, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was derived from the input images to suppress the non-vegetation areas. NDVI values less than zero were discarded and the output images was normalized in the range 0&ndash;255. Individual pixels were then mapped into meaningful objects using global region growing technique. The resulting image was filtered and smoothed to reduce the impact of noise. Furthermore, geometrical constraints were applied to remove small objects (less than 500 pixels) followed by morphological opening operator to enhance the results. These objects served as building blocks for further image analysis. Finally, for the classification stage, a range of spectral values were empirically calculated for each band and applied on candidate objects to extract tea gardens. For accuracy assessment, we employed an area based similarity metric by overlapping obtained tea garden boundaries with the manually digitized tea garden boundaries created by experts of photogrammetry. The overall accuracy of the proposed method scored 89&thinsp;% for tea gardens from 10 sample orthophoto maps. We concluded that exploiting the spectral signatures using object based analysis is an effective technique for extraction of dominant tree species from digital orthophoto maps.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tea garden management"
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Ghosh, Indrajit. "USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNIQUES FOR TEA GARDEN MANAGEMENT." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/16.
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Baudry, Sandrine. "Cultiver son jardin, s'inscrire dans la ville : Approche anthropologique des community gardens de New York City." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00962486.
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Dans les années 1970, alors que la Ville de New York faisait face à une grave crise économique et sociale, des citadins ont entrepris d'investir le tissu urbain en transformant des terrains vagues en jardins collectifs. Après avoir accueilli favorablement ces initiatives grassroot qui palliaient des carences en espaces verts et articipaient à la vie des quartiers, la municipalité a cherché à les éliminer dans les années 1990, lorsque la relance économique les a fait apparaître comme un usage peu rentable du territoire. Usant de tactiques fortement médiatiques et théâtrales, les jardiniers ont réussi à protéger provisoirement une grande partie des community gardens, mais leur sort demeure aujourd'hui incertain. L'étude de l'histoire de ces jardins inscrits dans une tradition politique d'intervention par la base, ainsi que l'analyse ethnographique de quatre de ces espaces, permettent de développer un point de vue à plusieurs échelles sur un mouvement né d'initiatives ultra-locales, mais dont seule la mise en réseau à l'échelle de la métropole permet de justifier l'existence à long terme. La question se pose aujourd'hui de la manière dont ces pratiques citoyennes peuvent être intégrées à l'aménagement urbain dans la perspective des politiques de ville durable, tout en ne perdant rien de leur richesse et de leur diversité.
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Tsai, Cheng-Yu, and 蔡承祐. "An Intelligent Tea Garden Management Platform Based on Image Recognition." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/z3bg28.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
資訊管理系所
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According to the data of improvement field in the tea industry, the cooperblight is a disease frequently occurring in the tea garden. It is necessary to find out and dispose of this disease in time in order to avoid its spread. Therefore, in order to reduce the spread of tea tree disease and save manpower as well as achieve the wisdom management of tea garden, this study used the image recognition technology to establish the " An Intelligent Tea Garden Management Platform Based on Image Recognition ", mainly including three modules as follows: (1) the recognition module of cooperblight – using the intelligent mobile phone to shoot 100 images for each normal tea tree and one attacked by cooperblight, and adopting the technologies of Lab+HSV+Filtering phytogenetic contour detection technology to identify; the correct rate of image recognition for tea tree with cooperblight was 91%, the correct rate of image reduction recognition for with cooperblight was 85%, the correct rate of image recognition for normal tea trees was 100%, and the correct rate of image reduction recognition for normal tea trees was 99%; (2) recognition module of tea garden growth missing plant area – using the unmanned aerial vehicle to shoot normal trees and sparse area in the tea garden with the images of 579 and 650, respectively, so as to identify the tea garden growth missing plant area; the results showed that the correct recognition rate of the original images for tea garden growth missing plant area was 97%, the correct recognition rate of image reduction recognition was 92%, the correct recognition rate of the normal growth images was 95%, the correct recognition rate of image reduction recognition was 95%; (3) the resume module of tea tree growth – recording the data such as imaged and fertilization before and after harvest so as to establish the tea tree growth resume by imaging and take them as the analysis basis of the tea tree growth conditions by the tea grower, which can improve the production and quality of tea, and enhance the consumer's confidence in the safety and quality of tea.
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Li, Ching-Na, and 李京娜. "A Study on Elements to Successful Management and Promotional Activities of Leisure Tea Garden ---- Take the Example of Hwa-Lian and Tai-Tung Area." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38303773399674118407.
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碩士國立彰化師範大學
商業教育學系在職進修專班
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A Study on Key Elements to Successful Management and Promotional Activities of Leisure Tea Garden ─Take the Example of Hwa-Lian And Tai-Tung Area ABSTRACT Owing to the implementation of 5-working-day scheme, the public in Taiwan begins to have more free time to enjoy. Besides, Taiwanese people have gradually recognized the importance of leisure activities due to the increase of national GNP, and the change of social value and life style. Moreover, the government has actively planned and rearranged the management of the national tourist attractions in Hwa-Lian and capital to the management of leisure tea gardens in an expectation to attract people and to lengthen their stay in the gardens. Therefore, people’s preference of travel destinations has slowly shifted to Hwa-Lian and Tai-Tung area. In light of this, this study attempted to adopt the perspective of tea garden owners. By acquiring important messages from business owners’ abundant experiences and investigating related literatures on tea gardens, the researcher could understand the management characteristics, competitions, management strategies and management efficiency of leisure tea gardens. Moreover, from first-hand in-depth interviews with tea garden owners, the researcher outlined and further investigated the key elements to successful management of leisure tea gardens in Hwa-Lian and Tain-Tung area. Consequently, the researcher could discover the problems and present a set of suggestions on managing leisure tea gardens to the gardens owners. I. General Analysis on Leisure Tea Gardens This study adopted Multiple Regression Analysis to analyze the influence of 14 key elements to successful management over four management efficiencies. It revealed that: 1. In the case of annual turnover, there are eight elements demonstrating outstanding influence. Presented in order of importance: Promotional activity, Byproducts from tea-processing, Award winning in competition, Tea types, Number of employees, Preferential measures, Capital, Supplementary service. 2. In the case of return of investment, there are eight elements demonstrating outstanding influence. Listed from the most important element: Time of establishment, Promotional activity, Capital, Customer characteristic. 3. In the case of yearly growth, there are four elements demonstrating influence. 4. In the case of profit rate, there are seven elements. Listed from the most important element: Promotional activity, Capital, Time of establishment, Number of employee, Parking space, Supplementary service, and Preferential measures. 5. In the case of general analysis on management efficiency, if the leisure tea garden owners intend to enhance management efficiency, they should prioritize Promotional activity, then focus on Capital, Time of establishment and Supplementary service. II. Leisure Tea Garden Depends on Multiple Promotional Activity III. Suggestions 1.Suggestions to tea garden owners: i. To build up a tea garden which contains qualities of humanity, leisure and ecology. ii. To develop multiple tea-processing techniques in order to upgrade the additional value of byproducts. iii. To improve the key elements of successful management. iv. To actively participate in every promotional activity hosted by tourism related agencies. v. To promote image business circle in order to attract tourists. 2. Suggestions to related government units: i. Accommodation: Revision of related laws to loosen up restrictions on privately run accommodations. ii. Road expansion: The flyover roads in Tai-Tung and Lu-Yeh are in urgent need of expansion. iii. Infrastructure such as tea educational halls, observation platforms, and public toilets. iv. Encouraging strategic alliance centered on local farming associations, such as production and marketing course for tea farmers, tea related product flow centers, e-commerce, and trips. Key Word：Leisure Tea Garden、Elements to Successful ManagementActivities、Management Efficiencies、Promotional Activity
Books on the topic "Tea garden management"
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Ghosh, Tushar Kanti. Tea gardens of West Bengal: A critical study of land management. Delhi: B.R. Pub., 1987.
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Bill, Bryson. At Home: A Short History of Private Life. London: Doubleday, 2010.
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Bill, Bryson. At home: A short history of private life. 4th ed. London: Black Swan, 2016.
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Bill, Bryson. At Home. London: Transworld, 2010.
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Bill, Bryson. At home: A short history of private life. New York: Random House, 2010.
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Bill, Bryson. At Home: A Short History of Private Life. New York, USA: Doubleday, 2010.
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Bill, Bryson. At home: A short history of private life. New York: Doubleday, 2010.
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Bill, Bryson. At Home: A short history of private life. New York: Doubleday, 2010.
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Bill, Bryson. At home: A short history of private life. New York: Doubleday, 2010.
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Bill, Bryson. At Home: A Short History of Private Life. New York: Anchor Books, 2011.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Tea garden management"
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Ruan, J., and R. Härdter. "Productivity and quality response of tea to balanced nutrient management — Examples from China tea gardens." In Plant Nutrition, 324–25. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47624-x_156.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Tea garden management"
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Supartono, Wahyu, Annisa Dwi Astari, and Satria Bhirawa Anoraga. "Green Activities as Tools for Improving Family Quality of Life Through Family Welfare Movement (PKK) at Klitren Village, Yogyakarta." In 3rd International Conference on Community Engagement and Education for Sustainable Development. AIJR Publisher, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.151.52.
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Education for environment-friendly activities attempts to change environmental-based habits. Based on the previous research, it was advised that education, dissemination, and discussion in informal settings with the women members of Pemberdayaan Kesejahteraan Keluarga (PKK) or the Family Welfare Movement would bring positive impacts. However, it still needs time for the full implementation. This ESD program was designed for women as agents of change in Klitren Village, who take part as the agent of change in family empowerment and managing the environment. Universitas Gadjah Mada team and the local government (Klitren municipal government) mutually contributed to their education and supervision. The training also involved a field trip to GAMAINDIGO natural dye manufacturer and garden, where the women would learn to use natural dye in batik clothes and natural color in foods. 83% of the women involved reported that they already have greater attention to sanitation, personal hygiene, and household waste management. Only 59% said they practiced reducing electricity consumption and chose energy-saved electronic devices. They tried to keep their house and environment clean using the Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle (3R) concept idea, yet only 44% attempted to make a list of goods. Based on the findings, some programs were conducted in this village to create a more vibrant society in managing their clean, comfortable, and healthy environment, such as through training for establishing Kampung Sayur (a village that produces vegetables sustainably), assistance in building artificial ponds to cultivate catfish that was suitable with the narrow area, and through competition among sub-villages on Healthy Environment contest. These activities are hoped to influence adjacent sub-villages to practice sustainable initiatives. Universities and local governments are trying to draw a future concept called Klitren in 2040 based on sustainability activities.
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El Sedeq, Ahmed Zarroug, Neal Hughes, Tore Oian, Piotr Byrski, Jean-Michel Denichou, Daniel Ndubuisi Nketah, and Mohamed Saher Dahroug. "Vertical to Horizontal - Ultra Deep Azimuthal Resistivity Tool UDAR Service Helping to Maximize Production." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31195-ms.
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Abstract Dvalin field, discovered in 2010-2012. The location of this field is in the Norwegian Sea, as shown in (Figure 1). Dvalin field is an HPHT gas field in Middle Jurassic sandstone in the Garn and Ile Formations – the former being homogeneous with better reservoir properties, during the later heterogenous with low quality. (DVALIN, 2020) The well 6507/7-Z-2 H objective is to produce hydrocarbons from the Jurassic reservoir section of the Dvalin field safely and cost-effectively. The well was planned to be drilled near vertical in the reservoir section and TD'ed at a maximum depth corresponding to the Garn Formation base. After the productivity results from Z-3-H well came in at the low end of expectations, it was evaluated and decided to change the well profile of the Z-2-H well from vertical reservoir penetration to a horizontal profile; to have two penetrations with a minimum of 150m MD separation in the upper high permeable streak and then drop to penetrate lower high permeable streak. This decision was conducted only three days before starting the 17.5-inch section on the subject well. One Team culture was the key to achieving this significant change successfully. The decision to change the well-profile was conducted after a thorough engineering evaluation, including offset well analysis, which was very limited as the closest horizontal well was more than 40 km away. As the well was not planned as a horizontal well, departure between the surface location and Target Easting & Northing was minimal. Therefore, a high turn and deeper inclination build were required, which added some complexity to the well design. One of the additional primary risks related to this change of trajectory design is deploying a more complex BHA design in the reservoir section with a full suite of LWD technologies run in an HT environment. In the planning phase, special consideration was needed to accurately simulate the expected circulating temperature and have proper procedures in place for temperature management and control. Being the first horizontal well in the field, thus detailed planning was key for successful execution. Ultra-Deep Azimuthal Resistivity Tool (UDAR) Reservoir-Mapping capability was considered to help optimize the landing and navigate within the reservoir section. A feasibility study was conducted, and a 2-receiver Ultra Deep Azimuthal Resistivity Tool BHA configuration was selected and deployed. During the execution, the Ultra Deep Azimuthal Resistivity Tool real-time inversion mapped the reservoir geometry, revealing resistive layers within the Garn formation, thereby facilitating optimal placement of the well to achieve the set objectives. The well execution was largely considered flawless, with the real-time Ultra Deep Azimuthal Resistivity Tool data and corresponding interpretations facilitating decisions.