Academic literature on the topic 'TDCS/TMS'
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Journal articles on the topic "TDCS/TMS"
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Hummel, F., and L. G. Cohen. "W15.1 TMS and tDCS." Clinical Neurophysiology 122 (June 2011): S49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1388-2457(11)60165-x.
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Begemann, Marieke J., Bodyl A. Brand, Branislava Ćurčić-Blake, André Aleman, and Iris E. Sommer. "Efficacy of non-invasive brain stimulation on cognitive functioning in brain disorders: a meta-analysis." Psychological Medicine 50, no. 15 (October 19, 2020): 2465–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291720003670.
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AbstractBackgroundCognition is commonly affected in brain disorders. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) may have procognitive effects, with high tolerability. This meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in improving cognition, in schizophrenia, depression, dementia, Parkinson's disease, stroke, traumatic brain injury, and multiple sclerosis.MethodsA PRISMA systematic search was conducted for randomized controlled trials. Hedges' g was used to quantify effect sizes (ES) for changes in cognition after TMS/tDCS v. sham. As different cognitive functions may have unequal susceptibility to TMS/tDCS, we separately evaluated the effects on: attention/vigilance, working memory, executive functioning, processing speed, verbal fluency, verbal learning, and social cognition.ResultsWe included 82 studies (n = 2784). For working memory, both TMS (ES = 0.17, p = 0.015) and tDCS (ES = 0.17, p = 0.021) showed small but significant effects. Age positively moderated the effect of TMS. TDCS was superior to sham for attention/vigilance (ES = 0.20, p = 0.020). These significant effects did not differ across the type of brain disorder. Results were not significant for the other five cognitive domains.ConclusionsOur results revealed that both TMS and tDCS elicit a small trans-diagnostic effect on working memory, tDCS also improved attention/vigilance across diagnoses. Effects on the other domains were not significant. Observed ES were small, yet even slight cognitive improvements may facilitate daily functioning. While NIBS can be a well-tolerated treatment, its effects appear domain specific and should be applied only for realistic indications (i.e. to induce a small improvement in working memory or attention).
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Nissim, Nicole R., Paul J. Moberg, and Roy H. Hamilton. "Efficacy of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation (tDCS or TMS) Paired with Language Therapy in the Treatment of Primary Progressive Aphasia: An Exploratory Meta-Analysis." Brain Sciences 10, no. 9 (August 28, 2020): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10090597.
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Noninvasive brain stimulation techniques, such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), paired with behavioral language therapy, have demonstrated the capacity to enhance language abilities in primary progressive aphasia (PPA), a debilitating degenerative neurological syndrome that leads to declines in communication abilities. The aim of this meta-analysis is to systematically evaluate the efficacy of tDCS and TMS in improving language outcomes in PPA, explore the magnitude of effects between stimulation modalities, and examine potential moderators that may influence treatment effects. Standard mean differences for change in performance from baseline to post-stimulation on language-related tasks were evaluated. Six tDCS studies and two repetitive TMS studies met inclusion criteria and provided 22 effects in the analysis. Random effect models revealed a significant, heterogeneous, and moderate effect size for tDCS and TMS in the enhancement of language outcomes. Findings demonstrate that naming ability significantly improves due to brain stimulation, an effect found to be largely driven by tDCS. Future randomized controlled trials are needed to determine long-term effectiveness of noninvasive brain stimulation techniques on language abilities, further delineate the efficacy of tDCS and TMS, and identify optimal parameters to enable the greatest gains for persons with PPA.
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Dell’Osso, Bernardo, and A. Carlo Altamura. "Transcranial Brain Stimulation Techniques For Major Depression: Should We Extend TMS Lessons to tDCS?" Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health 10, no. 1 (October 3, 2014): 92–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1745017901410010092.
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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are non-invasive brain stimulation techniques that, by means of magnetic fields and low intensity electrical current, respectively, aim to interefere with and modulate cortical excitability, at the level of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, in patients with major depression and poor response to standard antidepressants. While the clinical efficacy of TMS in major depression has been extensively investigated over the last 10 years, tDCS has attracted research interest only in the last years, with fewer randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in the field. Nevertheless, in spite of the different rationale and mechanism of action of the two techniques, tDCS recent acquisitions, in relation to the treatment of major depression, seem to parallel those previously obtained with TMS, in terms of treatment duration to achieve optimal benefit and patient's history of drug-resistance. After briefly introducing the two techniques, the article examines possible common pathways of clinical use for TMS and tDCS, emerging from recent RCTs and likely orienting future investigation with non invasive brain stimulation for the treatment of major depression.
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McCambridge, Alana B., James W. Stinear, and Winston D. Byblow. "A dissociation between propriospinal facilitation and inhibition after bilateral transcranial direct current stimulation." Journal of Neurophysiology 111, no. 11 (June 1, 2014): 2187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00879.2013.
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Propriospinal premotoneurons (PN) are essential for accurate control of the upper limb. They receive bilateral input from premotor (PM) and primary motor (M1) cortices. In humans, excitability of PNs can be estimated from motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) by pairing a descending volley using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to summate with an ascending volley from peripheral nerve stimulation at the C3–C4 level of the spinal cord. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) alters excitability of cortical and subcortical areas. A recent study demonstrated that cathodal tDCS can suppress facilitatory (FAC) and inhibitory (INH) components of PN excitability, presumably via effects on corticoreticulospinal neurons (Bradnam LV, Stinear CM, Lewis GN, Byblow WD. J Neurophysiol 103: 2382–2389, 2010). The present study investigated the effects of bilateral tDCS with healthy subjects. The cathode was placed over left dorsal PM or M1 and the anode over right M1 in separate sessions (PM-M1, M1-M1, or Sham). TMS of right M1 elicited MEPs in left biceps brachii across a range of TMS intensities chosen to examine PN-mediated FAC and INH. Conditioning was applied using median nerve stimulation with an interstimulus interval that coincided with TMS and peripheral volleys summating at the C3–C4 level. All participants showed FAC at TMS intensities near active motor threshold and INH at slightly higher intensities. After tDCS, FAC was reduced for M1-M1 compared with Sham but not after PM-M1 stimulation. Contrary to an earlier study with cathodal tDCS, INH was unchanged across all sessions. The difference between these and earlier findings may relate to dual- vs. single-hemisphere M1 stimulation. M1-M1 tDCS may be a useful adjuvant to techniques that aim to reduce upper limb impairment after stroke.
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Bradnam, Lynley V., Cathy M. Stinear, and Winston D. Byblow. "Cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation suppresses ipsilateral projections to presumed propriospinal neurons of the proximal upper limb." Journal of Neurophysiology 105, no. 5 (May 2011): 2582–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01084.2010.
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This study investigated whether cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (c-tDCS) of left primary motor cortex (M1) modulates excitability of ipsilateral propriospinal premotoneurons (PNs) in healthy humans. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the right motor cortex was used to obtain motor evoked potentials (MEPs) from the left biceps brachii (BB) while participants maintained contraction of the left BB. To examine presumed PN excitability, left BB MEPs were compared with those conditioned by median nerve stimulation (MNS) at the left elbow. Interstimulus intervals between TMS and MNS were set to produce summation at the C3–C4 level of the spinal cord. MNS facilitated BB MEPs elicited at TMS intensities near active motor threshold but inhibited BB MEPs at slightly higher intensities, indicative of putative PN modulation. c-tDCS suppressed the facilitatory and inhibitory effects of MNS. Sham tDCS did not alter either component. There was no effect of c-tDCS and sham tDCS on nonconditioned left BB MEPs or on the ipsilateral silent period of left BB. Right first dorsal interosseous MEPs were suppressed by c-tDCS. These results indicate that M1 c-tDCS can be used to modulate excitability of ipsilateral projections to presumed PNs controlling the proximal arm muscle BB. This technique may hold promise for promoting motor recovery of proximal upper limb function after stroke.
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Bradnam, Lynley V., Cathy M. Stinear, Gwyn N. Lewis, and Winston D. Byblow. "Task-Dependent Modulation of Inputs to Proximal Upper Limb Following Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of Primary Motor Cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 103, no. 5 (May 2010): 2382–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01046.2009.
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Cathodal transcranial DC stimulation (c-tDCS) suppresses excitability of primary motor cortex (M1) controlling contralateral hand muscles. This study assessed whether c-tDCS would have similar effects on ipsi- and contralateral M1 projections to a proximal upper limb muscle. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of left M1 was used to elicit motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in the left and right infraspinatus (INF) muscle immediately before and after c-tDCS of left M1, and at 20 and 40 min, post-c-tDCS. TMS was delivered as participants preactivated each INF in isolation (left, right) or both INF together (bilateral). After c-tDCS, ipsilateral MEPs in left INF and contralateral MEPs in right INF were suppressed in the left task but not in the bilateral or right tasks, indicative of task-dependent modulation. Ipsilateral silent period duration in the left INF was reduced after c-tDCS, indicative of altered transcallosal inhibition. These findings may have implications for the use of tDCS as an adjunct to therapy for the proximal upper limb after stroke.
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Kidgell, Dawson J., Robin M. Daly, Kayleigh Young, Jarrod Lum, Gregory Tooley, Shapour Jaberzadeh, Maryam Zoghi, and Alan J. Pearce. "Different Current Intensities of Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Do Not Differentially Modulate Motor Cortex Plasticity." Neural Plasticity 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/603502.
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Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive technique that modulates the excitability of neurons within the motor cortex (M1). Although the aftereffects of anodal tDCS on modulating cortical excitability have been described, there is limited data describing the outcomes of different tDCS intensities on intracortical circuits. To further elucidate the mechanisms underlying the aftereffects of M1 excitability following anodal tDCS, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to examine the effect of different intensities on cortical excitability and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI). Using a randomized, counterbalanced, crossover design, with a one-week wash-out period, 14 participants (6 females and 8 males, 22–45 years) were exposed to 10 minutes of anodal tDCS at 0.8, 1.0, and 1.2 mA. TMS was used to measure M1 excitability and SICI of the contralateral wrist extensor muscle at baseline, immediately after and 15 and 30 minutes following cessation of anodal tDCS. Cortical excitability increased, whilst SICI was reduced at all time points following anodal tDCS. Interestingly, there were no differences between the three intensities of anodal tDCS on modulating cortical excitability or SICI. These results suggest that the aftereffect of anodal tDCS on facilitating cortical excitability is due to the modulation of synaptic mechanisms associated with long-term potentiation and is not influenced by different tDCS intensities.
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Dai, Wenjun, Yao Geng, Hao Liu, Chuan Guo, Wenxiang Chen, Jinhui Ma, Jinjin Chen, Yanbing Jia, Ying Shen, and Tong Wang. "Preconditioning with Cathodal High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Sensitizes the Primary Motor Cortex to Subsequent Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation." Neural Plasticity 2021 (October 21, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8966584.
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Noninvasive brain stimulation techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can induce long-term potentiation-like facilitation, but whether the combination of TMS and tDCS has additive effects is unclear. To address this issue, in this randomized crossover study, we investigated the effect of preconditioning with cathodal high-definition (HD) tDCS on intermittent theta burst stimulation- (iTBS-) induced plasticity in the left motor cortex. A total of 24 healthy volunteers received preconditioning with cathodal HD-tDCS or sham intervention prior to iTBS in a random order with a washout period of 1 week. The amplitude of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) was measured at baseline and at several time points (5, 10, 15, and 30 min) after iTBS to determine the effects of the intervention on cortical plasticity. Preconditioning with cathodal HD-tDCS followed by iTBS showed a greater increase in MEP amplitude than sham cathodal HD-tDCS preconditioning and iTBS at each time postintervention point, with longer-lasting after-effects on cortical excitability. These results demonstrate that preintervention with cathodal HD-tDCS primes the motor cortex for long-term potentiation induced by iTBS and is a potential strategy for improving the clinical outcome to guide therapeutic decisions.
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Bergmann, Til Ole, Sergiu Groppa, Markus Seeger, Matthias Mölle, Lisa Marshall, and Hartwig Roman Siebner. "Acute Changes in Motor Cortical Excitability During Slow Oscillatory and Constant Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation." Journal of Neurophysiology 102, no. 4 (October 2009): 2303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00437.2009.
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Transcranial oscillatory current stimulation has recently emerged as a noninvasive technique that can interact with ongoing endogenous rhythms of the human brain. Yet, there is still little knowledge on how time-varied exogenous currents acutely modulate cortical excitability. In ten healthy individuals we used on-line single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to search for systematic shifts in corticospinal excitability during anodal sleeplike 0.8-Hz slow oscillatory transcranial direct current stimulation (so-tDCS). In separate sessions, we repeatedly applied 30-s trials (two blocks at 20 min) of either anodal so-tDCS or constant tDCS (c-tDCS) to the primary motor hand area during quiet wakefulness. Simultaneously and time-locked to different phase angles of the slow oscillation, motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) as an index of corticospinal excitability were obtained in the contralateral hand muscles 10, 20, and 30 s after the onset of tDCS. MEPs were also measured off-line before, between, and after both stimulation blocks to detect any lasting excitability shifts. Both tDCS modes increased MEP amplitudes during stimulation with an attenuation of the facilitatory effect toward the end of a 30-s tDCS trial. No phase-locking of corticospinal excitability to the exogenous oscillation was observed during so-tDCS. Off-line TMS revealed that both c-tDCS and so-tDCS resulted in a lasting excitability increase. The individual magnitude of MEP facilitation during the first tDCS trials predicted the lasting MEP facilitation found after tDCS. We conclude that sleep slow oscillation-like excitability changes cannot be actively imposed on the awake cortex with so-tDCS, but phase-independent on-line as well as off-line facilitation can reliably be induced.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "TDCS/TMS"
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Morotti, Sara. "Tecniche di stimolazione transcranica: TMS e tDCS a confronto." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/11538/.
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Nel corso degli ultimi decenni si è assistito a un aumento di malattie e disturbi che colpiscono il sistema nervoso,specialmente il cervello. Si è dunque resa necessaria la ricerca e l'analisi di tecniche di stimolazione transcranica a fini sperimentali, clinici e di diagnosi. Tra queste spiccano per la loro versatilità la TMS e la tDCS, le quali hanno già trovato e possono ancora trovare la loro applicazione in numerosi ambiti anche molto differenti tra loro, tra cui quello motorio, verbale, della memoria o per disturbi neurodegenerativi. L'analisi approfondita delle loro applicazioni può non solo portare a meglio comprendere i limiti che le due tecniche hanno al giorno d'oggi e quindi portare a un miglioramento delle stesse, ma anche ad una comprensione più accurata del funzionamento del sistema nervoso, tutt'ora ancora alquanto oscuro nella sua complessità. Infine, confrontando le due tecniche si può meglio definire anche quali possano essere gli ambiti in cui l'una e l'altra sono più vantaggiose o possano dare contributi più incisivi.
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Biondi, Francesca. "tDCS e TMS confronto tra metodologie di stimolazione transcranica." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17346/.
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Lo scopo di questo elaborato di tesi è di effettuare un confronto tra due diverse tecniche di stimolazione transcranica non invasiva, la stimolazione magnetica transcranica (TMS) e la stimolazione transcranica a correnti dirette (tDCS).
Prima di entrare nel dettaglio delle due tecnologie verranno illustrati gli elementi di base del sistema nervoso centrale, quali la generazione e la propagazione degli impulsi nervosi, al fine di comprendere come le stimolazioni andranno ad intervenire sugli stessi, e la suddivisione delle varie aree cerebrali al fine di comprendere di cosa si occupano e dove sono le aree di indagine di queste metodologie.
Per entrambe le tecniche di stimolazione verranno raccontati gli sviluppi storici che hanno portato al loro utilizzo e i principi fisici su cui si basano i loro funzionamenti. Di seguito verranno illustrate le diverse strumentazioni tecnologiche, per poi analizzare diversi ambiti applicativi in cui esse sono coinvolte e i limiti che ogni tecnologia presenta.
Per concludere verranno analizzate analogie e differenze sui diversi piani delle due metodiche.
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SCHIAVI, SUSANNA. "Investigating the neural network underlying aesthetic experience." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/158175.
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Le ricerche presentate in questa tesi si inseriscono all’interno di un’area piuttosto recente delle neuroscienze cognitive, la neuroestetica, un’area scientifica che si prefigge come obiettivo l’indagine delle basi neurali dell’esperienza estetica.
Gli studi che presenterò si concentrano su un particolare aspetto dell'esperienza estetica, l'apprezzamento della bellezza; attraverso gli esperimenti condotti si è dunque tentato di ampliare le conoscenze riguardo ai correlati neurali della percezione della bellezza con metodi comportamentali e con le tecniche di neurostimolazione, tra cui la stimolazione transcranica a corrente continua (tDCS) e la stimolazione magnetica transcranica (TMS). Queste tecniche, non invasive, consentono di stabilire relazioni causali tra aree specifiche del cervello e i processi sottesi (per una panoramica vedi Nitsche et al, 2008; Vincent Walsh & Cowey., 2000), ampliando le nostre conoscenze con informazioni complementari a quelle che si possono trarre dagli studi di neuroimmagini, che sono invece di tipo correlazionale.
Un primo studio, utilizzando un paradigma comportamentale chiamato “divided visual field” (campo visivo diviso), è stato utilizzato per indagare le asimmetrie emisferiche negli uomini e nelle donne, intenti a esprimere la propria preferenza nei confronti di opere d’arte astratte e figurative (Studio 1). I risultati di questo primo esperimento hanno mostrato che i dipinti rappresentativi sono piaciuti di più quando presentati nell’emicampo visivo destro, mentre l’apprezzamento per i dipinti astratti non è stato influenzato dall’emicampo visivo di presentazione.
Nello Studio 2 è stata stimolata l'area corticale V5, nota per essere implicata nella percezione del movimento, durante la visione di una serie di dipinti. L’inibizione di quest’area ha diminuito in maniera significativa il movimento percepito sia nelle immagini astratte che in quelle figurative, riducendo inoltre in misura notevole l’apprezzamento delle opere d’arte astratte, ma non di quelle rappresentative.
Il terzo studio ha dimostrato che TMS applicata al solco temporale superiore (STS), ma non alla corteccia somatosensoriale (SC), è in grado di modulare il giudizio riguardante l’espressività percepita nei ritratti, mentre non ha alcun effetto sull’apprezzamento.
Nel quarto studio è stato mostrato che aumentando l'eccitabilità corticale nel sistema di reward tramite tDCS, e in particolare nella corteccia prefrontale ventromediale (vmPFC), è possibile indurre un leggero aumento dell’apprezzamento estetico dei dipinti.
Infine, i risultati del quinto studio, condotto sulla corteccia prefrontale dorsomediale (dmPFC), suggeriscono che quest’area contribuisce a mediare il collegamento tra la valutazione morale e quella estetica.
Nel loro insieme questi risultati aiutano a chiarire il ruolo causale di differenti regioni del cervello, che non solo sono alla base della percezione della bellezza, ma che potrebbero gettare luce anche sulla relazione tra la valutazione del bello e quella di altre qualità non prettamente estetiche, come il buono o il giusto, che pertengono all’area del giudizio morale.The experimental work presented in this dissertation is part of a relatively young field of research in cognitive neuroscience, neuroaesthetics. The main aim of this field is to investigate the neural underpinnings of the aesthetic experience. The studies I describe in this thesis focus on a particular aspect of the aesthetic experience, namely beauty appreciation. In particular, the experiments conducted aimed to investigate the neural correlates of beauty perception using behavioral methods as well as neurostimulation techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques allow to establish causal relationships between specific brain areas and the underlying processes (for an overview see: Nitsche et al., 2008; Vincent Walsh & Cowey, 2000), adding to neuroimaging evidence. A first study, using a divided visual field paradigm, investigated hemispheric asymmetries in men and women’s preference for abstract and representational artworks (Study 1). Findings of this first experiment showed that both male and female participants liked representational paintings more when presented in the right visual field, and that liking for abstract paintings was unaffected by presentation hemifield. In Study 2, TMS applied over motion sensitive cortical area V5 while viewing a series of paintings was found to significantly decrease the perceived sense of motion, and also to significantly reduce liking of abstract (but not representational) paintings. A third study showed that TMS over the superior temporal sulcus, but not the somatosensory cortex (SC) disrupted expressivity judgment in portraits, without affecting though beauty judgments. Study 4 showed that enhancing excitability via tDCS in the reward system, and in particular in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), resulted into a slight increase in aesthetic appreciation of paintings. Finally, findings of Study 5 suggest that the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex causally contributes to mediate the link between moral and aesthetic valuation. Taken together the present results help to clarify the causal role of different brain regions underlying beauty perception and shed light on the intersection between moral and aesthetic evaluation.
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VAROLI, ERICA. "TMS-EEG: a promising tool to study the cathodal tDCS effects on cortical excitability." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/280669.
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La Stimolazione transcranica a Corrente Diretta continua (tDCS) è una tecnica di neurostimolazione non invasiva in grado di generare alterazioni dell’eccitabilità neuronale dipendenti dalla plasticità. Negli ultimi anni si sta assistendo a un crescente interesse nell’utilizzo di questa tecnica, sia in settings clinici che sperimentali. In particolare, la possibilità di indurre effetti a lungo termine rende la tDCS interessante nel trattamento di deficit cognitivi associati a disturbi sia neuropsicologici che psichiatrici. Nonostante la sua crescente diffusione, si sa ancora poco riguardo i meccanismi neurofisiologici alla base del suo funzionamento, soprattutto per quanto riguarda gli effetti su regioni cerebrali che sottostanno a funzioni cognitive di ordine superiore. Una conoscenza più approfondita dei meccanismi alla base della tDCS potrebbe quindi essere cruciale per riuscire a definire e migliorare i protocolli di stimolazione sia clinici che di ricerca. A questo scopo, uno studio sistematico degli effetti corticali della tDCS appare ancora più necessario. In questo progetto abbiamo quindi esplorato gli effetti di plasticità corticale indotti dalla stimolazione catodica in soggetti sani, sia a riposo che durante l’esecuzione di un compito, utilizzando il sistema integrato di Stimolazione Magnetica Transcranica ed Elettroencefalografia (TMS-EEG). Il TMS-EEG è una tecnica molto efficace in quando permette di misurare direttamente la modulazione dell’eccitabilità corticale su tutta la corteccia. In questa tesi sono riportati tre studi. Nel primo, partendo dai risultati sulla tDCS anodica già precedentemente pubblicati, sono stati esplorati gli effetti della tDCS catodica sulla Corteccia Parietale Posteriore (PPC) destra a riposo. Nel secondo studio, abbiamo indagato gli effetti comportamentali indotti dalla tDCS catodica sulla PPC destra, durante l’esecuzione di due compiti: uno di memoria di lavoro visuospaziale e uno di orientamento dell’attenzione visuospaziale. Nel terso studio, infine, abbiamo utilizzato nuovamente il TMS-EEG per tracciare gli effetti neurofisiologici della tDCS catodica sulla PPC di destra mentre i partecipanti erano impegnati nell’esecuzione dei compiti individuati nello studio precedente. I risultati per la tDCS catodica a riposo non hanno mostrato effetti di modulazione dell’eccitabilità corticale, sia a livello dei sensori che a livello delle sorgenti, sia a livello locale che globale. I risultati precedentemente ottenuti con la tDCS anodica, hanno invece mostrato un aumento diffuso dell’eccitabilità corticale lungo un network bilaterale frontoparietale, che rispecchia le connessioni strutturali tra le aree d’interesse. Durante l’esecuzione di un compito, invece, la stimolazione catodica, così come quella anodica, ha mostrato una modulazione nell’eccitabilità corticale solo in quelle aree che sono coinvolte nell’esecuzione del compito. In conclusione, in questo lavoro di tesi emergono diversi interessanti risultati. Innanzitutto, questi dati mostrano un effetto non lineare della tDCS sull’eccitabilità corticale a riposo, che non possono essere completamente spiegati dal semplice dualismo anodico-eccitatorio catodico-inibitorio. Un altro risultato rilevante è dato dal ruolo cruciale giocato dai differenti stati ti attivazione corticale (a riposo Vs attivo). Questi risultati sembrano mostrare che il livello di attivazione corticale di base contribuisca a modulare gli effetti della stimolazione, in accordo con l’ipotesi “attività-selettività”. Lo stato di attivazione di base deve quindi essere preso in considerazione, in particolare se si vogliono osservare degli effetti di neuromodulazione con tDCS catodica. In generale, tutte queste osservazioni contribuiscono a costruire quel corpus di conoscenze necessario soprattutto per la definizione dei parametri tDCS sia per esperimenti di neuroscienze cognitive che per protocolli riabilitativi.Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulatory technique able to induce plasticity-related alterations in neuronal excitability. There is a growing interest in the use of tDCS in both experimental and clinical settings; in particular, the chance to induce long-term effects fostered the used of the technique to treat cognitive impairments associated with different neuropsychological and psychiatric disorders. Although tDCS is increasingly used, presently little is still known about its neurophysiological underpinnings, particularly concerning the activity on the brain regions that underlie high cognitive brain functions. In these cases, optimal tDCS stimulation parameters also have yet to be clearly defined. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms underpinning this technique would be crucial to achieving a better refinement of stimulation protocols for clinical and research purposes. For this reason, a systematic and comprehensive study of its cortical effects acquires a critical relevance. In the last years, there has been indeed a keen interest in understanding the working mechanisms of this technique. To address this issue, in this project we explored the cortical plasticity modulation induced by cathodal stimulation on healthy subjects while resting or during task execution, using an integrated system of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Electroencephalography (TMS-EEG), which allows to directly measure cortical excitability modulation all over the cortex and effective connectivity. In the first study, starting from the previous results with anodal tDCS, the effects of cathodal stimulation over the right Posterior Parietal Cortex (PPC) were explored during resting state. The contralateral homologue brain area, namely the left posterior parietal cortex (PPC), was targeted with TMS before, during, and after cathodal stimulation. In the second study, we explored the behavioural effects induced by the application of cathodal tDCS over right PPC during the execution of two tasks, one of visuospatial working memory and a second tapping visual attention reorienting, which are known to involve this brain area. The aim was to find tasks sensitive to the effect of cathodal tDCS over the right PCC, to be used in the third study. A disruption of the performance was found for the Posner Cueing Task. In the third study, we employed again TMS-EEG to track the neurophysiological effects of cathodal tDCS on right PPC at an active state, i.e. while the participants were performing the task tested on the second study. The results at resting state for cathodal tDCS, both at sensors and cortical sources levels, converge in showing no differences during and after tDCS compared to pre-stimulation sessions, both at a global and local level. The previous results with anodal tDCS, instead, reported a widespread rise of cortical excitability along with a bilateral frontoparietal network, following structural connections. On the other hand, at an active state, cathodal, as well as anodal, tDCS induced modulation of cortical excitability only in the task-relevant brain regions. Several significant findings emerged from this empirical work. First of all, these data highlight a non-linear impact of anodal and cathodal stimulation on cortical excitability at rest that is not depicted by the simplistic view of anodal-excitatory and cathodal-inhibitory effects. Another relevant point is the crucial role played by the different cortical states (resting vs active). These results seem to point out that the level of cortical state can contribute to modulate the tDCS effects, in line with “activity-selectivity” hypothesis. The level of cortical state needs to be taken into account, especially to observe neuromodulatory effects also with cathodal tDCS. All these findings hold relevant implications for tDCS setup in both cognitive neuroscience experiments and rehabilitation protocols.
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Cavinato, Marianna. "Verso la comprensione dello stato vegetativo e di minima coscienza." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423022.
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The limited evidence and inconsistency of purposeful behaviors in patients in a minimally conscious state (MCS) asks for objective electrophysiological marker of the level of consciousness. Here, a comparison between event-related potentials (ERPs) was investigated using different level of stimulus complexity. ERPs were recorded in seventeen patients, 6 of which in vegetative state (VS), 11 in MCS, and 10 controls. Three oddball paradigms with different level of complexity were applied: sine tones, the subject’s own name versus sine tones and other first names. Latencies and amplitudes of N1 and P3 waves were compared. Cortical responses were found in all MCS patients, and in 6 of 11 patients in VS. Healthy controls and MCS patients showed a progressive increase of P3 latency in relation to the level of stimulus complexity. No modulation of P3 latency was observed in the vegetative patients. These results suggest that the modulation of P3 latency related to stimulus complexity may represent an objective index of higher-order processing integration that predicts the recovery of consciousness from VS to MCS when clinical manifestations are inconsistent.
A second step was encouraged by the work of Schiff et al. (2007) reporting a MCS patient who responded to deep brain stimulation (DBS). We explored six patients that participated in an ABA design alternating between repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and peripheral nerve stimulation. After peripheral stimulation, patients did not exhibit clinical, behavioral, or electroencephalographic (EEG) changes. The frequency of specific and meaningful behaviors increased after rTMS in a patient, along with the absolute and relative power of the EEG δ, β, and α bands.
Afterwards, a more consistent sample has been enrolled to reproduce the first encouraging results. Thirty MCS/VS patients participated to a randomized controlled trial consisting of transcranial stimulations with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and rTMS. Patients in MCS showed an increase of long range fronto-parietal connectivity indicating a complex information processing and a decrease of fluctuation of arousal . VS patients did not. These results suggest that rTMS may improve long range connections between remote cortical areas and promote, at some level, recovery of awareness and arousal in MCS patients.Le limitate evidenze e la fluttuazione dei comportamenti intenzionali neiin pazienti in stato di minima coscienza (SMC) richiedono la ricerca di un indice marcatore elettrofisiologico obiettivo del livello di coscienza. Nel presente studio, è stato mostrato un confronto tra potenziali evento-correlati (ERP) utilizzando diversi livelli di complessità di stimolo. Gli ERP sono stati registrati in diciassette pazienti, di cui sei in stato vegetativo (SV), 11 in SMC, e 10 controlli sani. I partecipanti sono stati sottoposti a tre paradigmi di diverso grado di complessità: toni puri, il nome proprio del soggetto verso toni puri, e verso altri nomi. Sono state riscontrate risposte corticali in tutti i pazienti in SMC, ed in 6 degli 11 pazienti in SV. I controlli sani ed i pazienti in SMC hanno mostrato un progressivo aumento della latenza dell’onda P300 in relazione al livello di complessità dello stimolo. Nessuna modulazione di latenza è stata osservata nei pazienti in SV. Questi risultati suggeriscono che la modulazione di latenza della P300 relativa a complessità dello stimolo può rappresentare un indice obiettivo dell’integrazione tra aree di elaborazione di ordine superiore, presupposto necessario per il recupero della coscienza. Un secondo passo è stato incoraggiato dal lavoro di Schiff e coll. (2007) che riportarono il miglioramento clinico di un paziente in SMC dopo stimolazione cerebrale profonda (DBS). Abbiamo studiato sei pazienti sottoponendoli ad uno studio di tipo ABA con alternanza tra stimolazione magnetica transcranica ripetitiva (rTMS) e stimolazione dei nervi periferici. Dopo stimolazione periferica, i pazienti non ha evidenziato variazioni dei quadric clinico, comportamentale o elettroencefalografico (EEG). Tuttavia, dopo la rTMS, un paziente manifestò un aumento della frequenza di specifici comportamenti coscienti, associato ad un incremento della potenza assoluta e relativa delle bande EEG alfa, beta e delta. Successivamente, è stato arruolato un campione più consistente di pazienti per riprodurre i primi incoraggianti risultati. Trenta pazienti in SV/SMC hanno partecipato ad uno studio controllato randomizzato che comportava l’utilizzo di stimoli transcranici con stimolazione transcranica a corrente continua (tDCS) e rTMS. I pazienti in SMC hanno mostrato un aumento di connettività fronto-parietale, che indica una complessa elaborazione delle informazioni sensoriali, ed una diminuzione della fluttuazione dell’arousal. Il quadro dei pazienti in SV rimase invariato. Questi risultati suggeriscono che la rTMS può migliorare le connessioni a lungo raggio tra remote aree corticali e promuovere, in qualche modo, il recupero di coscienza nei pazienti in SMC.
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Yanamadala, Janakinadh. "Development of Human Body CAD Models and Related Mesh Processing Algorithms with Applications in Bioelectromagnetics." Digital WPI, 2016. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/231.
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Simulation of the electromagnetic response of the human body relies heavily upon efficient computational CAD models or phantoms. The Visible Human Project (VHP)-Female v. 3.1 - a new platform-independent full-body electromagnetic computational model is revealed. This is a part of a significant international initiative to develop powerful computational models representing the human body. This model’s unique feature is full compatibility both with MATLAB and specialized FEM computational software packages such as ANSYS HFSS/Maxwell 3D and CST MWS. Various mesh processing algorithms such as automatic intersection resolver, Boolean operation on meshes, etc. used for the development of the Visible Human Project (VHP)-Female are presented. The VHP - Female CAD Model is applied to two specific low frequency applications: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS). TMS and tDCS are increasingly used as diagnostic and therapeutic tools for numerous neuropsychiatric disorders. The development of a CAD model based on an existing voxel model of a Japanese pregnant woman is also presented. TMS for treatment of depression is an appealing alternative to drugs which are teratogenic for pregnant women. This CAD model was used to study fetal wellbeing during induced peak currents by TMS in two possible scenarios: (i) pregnant woman as a patient; and (ii) pregnant woman as an operator. An insight into future work and potential areas of research such as a deformable phantom, implants, and RF applications will be presented.
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Concerto, Carmen. "Modulation of neuroplasticity in humans after acute intake of antidepressant, anxiolytic and adaptogenic herbs." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/4154.
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Herbal medicine represents one of the most frequently used complementary and alternative approaches for the treatment of psychiatric conditions such as depression, anxiety and sleep disturbance. Among the most used herbal medicines, Hypericum perforatum (HYP) extract, Valeriana officinalis extract (VE) and Rhodiola rosea extract (RRE) are the oldest and most thoroughly researched phytotherapeutic medications. Despite their widespread use, the mechanisms of action and the role of the different compounds of these herbal products are still a matter of debate and warrant the need to develop new approaches to investigate their effects in humans. Noninvasive brain stimulation protocols, such as Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) can be used to elucidate the mechanisms of action of psychoactive substances at the cortical level in humans. TMS can be used to test the affect of acute drug intake at the system level in the cerebral cortex in humans. Pharmaco-TMS offers a broad array of measures of cortical excitability and offers the possibility to probe the activity of different forms of inhibitory and excitatory networks. Furthermore, tDCS is a safe noninvasive brain stimulation technique that, combined with TMS, has been shown to induce cortical plastic changes in humans that resemble Long-term potentiation and depression (LTP and LTD)-like plasticity. The studies presented in this thesis explored the neurophysiological effect of the acute intake of herbal products commonly used to treat psychiatric conditions. Study 1 explored the effect of HYP extract acute dose intake on cortical excitability and plasticity. The results indicated that HYP acute intake affected cortical plasticity induced by cathodal tDCS by modulating LTD-like plasticity in a similar manner of conventional antidepressants. Study 2 investigated the effects of a single dose intake of VE on cortical excitability. It was found that VE intake modulated intracortical facilitatory circuits explored by TMS. Study 3 studied the effect of a single oral dose of RRE intake on cortical excitability and plasticity. Results showed that RRE acute intake prevented cathodal tDCS-induced LTD and increased (non-significantly) LTP-like plasticity. The translational studies described in the thesis add to the understanding of how the herbal products used in psychiatry can affect brain circuitries in humans.
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SOUZA, CARNEIRO MAIRA IZZADORA. "NEUROMODULATION OF MOTOR LEARNING IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS AND PATIENTS WITH NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/241229.
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Le tecniche di stimolazione cerebrale non invasiva, come la stimolazione transcranica a correnti elettriche continue (tDCS) e la stimolazione transcranica magnetica ripetitiva (rTMS), sono strumenti ampiamente utilizzati per migliorare l’apprendimento motorio in individui sani. Le recenti ricerche neuro-scientifiche sono ora indirizzate ad una comprensione meccanicistica delle tecniche di NIBS, rispetto alla loro azione modulatoria sui diversi processi di apprendimento motorio (ad esempio l’apprendimento on-line, il mantenimento e la generalizzazione delle abilità apprese). Tale conoscenza ha anche l’obiettivo di ottimizzare i protocolli di stimolazione. Il potenziamento dell’apprendimento motorio indotto dalla tDCS ha anche guidato lo studio della sua potenziale applicazione terapeutica nell’ambito della riabilitazione dei disturbi motori nelle malattie neurologiche. Il presente elaborato ha le seguenti finalità: (i) estendere la letteratura attuale relativa all’efficacia clinica della tDCS e rTMS come interventi adiuvanti per aumentare la risposta del sistema motorio ai training comportamentali; (ii) esplorare il ruolo di diverse aree corticali nell’apprendimento motorio, che potrebbero configurarsi come sedi di stimolazione alternativa alla corteccia motoria primaria (i.e., corteccia premotoria e parietale posteriore) per facilitare l’apprendimento motorio in soggetti sani e (iii) esplorare il potenziale della tDCS per il trattamento dei disturbi motori nei bambini con paralisi cerebrale infantile (PCI). Nello specifico, nell’elaborato sono presentati quattro studi (una meta-analisi e tre indagini empiriche). I risultati dello Studio 1 mostrano che le evidenze sinora disponibili circa l’efficacia della tDCS e della rTMS come tecniche di potenziamento della riabilitazione motoria nei pazienti adulti colpiti da ictus non siano ampiamente predittive. Lo Studio 2 dimostra che, oltre alla corteccia motoria primaria che costituisce il tipico target della tDCS per la modulazione dell’apprendimento motorio, anche la stimolazione della corteccia premotoria può essere efficace, dal momento che migliora selettivamente la generalizzazione dell’apprendimento motorio ad abilità non addestrate in soggetti sani. Gli ultimi due studi dimostrano invece che nei bambini affetti da PCI l’apprendimento motorio può essere compromesso rispetto ai pari con sviluppo tipico e che i deficit di apprendimento motorio nella PCI dipendano dal tipo di riorganizzazione corticospinale che si instaura in seguito ad una lesione cerebrale (Studio 3). Nei partecipanti con PCI, l’esposizione ad una singola seduta di tDCS non sembra in grado di migliorare i deficit di apprendimento (Studio 4). Tali risultati suggeriscono che nella popolazione pediatrica in oggetto servono protocolli tDCS più intensivi e prolungati per il miglioramento dei deficit motori.Non-invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS) techniques, such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), have been increasingly used as tools for improving motor learning in healthy individuals. Efforts of the current neuroscientific field are now directed to the mechanistic understanding of NIBS tools with respect to their modulatory effects on different motor learning processes, among which the on-line learning (improvements occurring during practice), the retention and generalization of the learned skills. This investigation is also relevant for optimizing stimulation protocols. The enhancement effects of tDCS on motor learning have also guided the investigation of its therapeutic potential for the rehabilitation of motor disorders in neurological diseases. The present thesis aims at: (i) enriching current evidence regarding the clinical effectiveness of tDCS and rTMS as adjuvant interventions to augment the response of the motor system to behavioral trainings; (ii) exploring the role of alternative routes (via premotor and posterior parietal cortices), beyond the primary motor cortex, for improving motor learning in healthy humans and (iii) uncovering the potential of tDCS for the treatment of upper-limb motor disorders in children with cerebral palsy (CP), which represents one of the most recent field of investigation in NIBS clinical literature. Within this framework, I have performed four studies (a meta-analysis, and three empirical investigations). Results from Study 1 indicate that the quality of available evidence for the use of tDCS and TMS as add-on interventions to boost motor training effects in adult stroke patients is still low, although some indications for the most effective stimulation protocols for either rTMS and tDCS are emerging. Study 2 shows that, beyond the primary motor cortex, the typical tDCS target for facilitating motor learning, premotor cortex stimulation has also a merit, since it can selectively improve the generalization of motor learning to untrained skills, at least in healthy individuals. The last two studies show that in children with CP, motor learning abilities may be impaired, as compared to those of age-matched typically-developing children; motor learning deficits in CP depends on the type of corticospinal reorganization that follows a brain injury (Study 3). In this pediatric population, tDCS seems unable to enhance motor learning of the affected hand, at least when the stimulation is delivered in a single session (Study 4), suggesting that more intensive and prolonged stimulation protocols are required for improving the chronic motor dysfunctions featuring CP.
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Filipova, Nina [Verfasser], and Alkomiet [Akademischer Betreuer] Hasan. "Humanphysiologische Korrelate für plastische Modulation verschiedener kortikaler Areale : eine experimentelle klinisch-neurophysiologische Studie mittels TMS, EEG und tDCS / Nina Filipova ; Betreuer: Alkomiet Hasan." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/115987963X/34.
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Astolfi, Anna. "Terapie strumentali per il trattamento e il recupero del paziente post-ictus." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13888/.
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L'ictus è una patologia ad insorgenza acuta ed è tra le prime cause di morte e disabilità nei paesi industrializzati determinando costi non indifferenti in termini di spesa sanitaria e mancata produttività dei pazienti al lavoro. Pertanto si mostra necessario comprendere come poter intervenire per limitare i deficit insorti e restituire al paziente una vita il più normale possibile. Le principali disabilità includono: emiparesi degli arti superiori o inferiori, deficit di forza, di sensibilità, spasticità, afasia, disfagia e disturbi delle emozioni. In questo lavoro di Tesi si analizzano possibili approcci riabilitativi del paziente post-ictus, focalizzando l’attenzione sulle applicazioni strumentali che intervengono per innalzare e consolidare i risultati ottenuti attraverso metodi tradizionali. Si osserva che il danno neurologico può essere limitato attraverso la plasticità cerebrale e che si può intervenire nel favorire questa capacità del cervello umano sia agendo sugli effettori motori compromessi sia in maniera diretta sul tessuto cerebrale del paziente. Alla prima categoria appartengono approcci che definiamo come bottom-up ed includono tecniche di elettrostimolazione (nervosa o della muscolatura), la fES (elettrostimolazione funzionale) e le terapie basate su robot. Le seconda categoria, definita top-down, comprende fondamentalmente le tecniche di stimolazione cerebrale non invasive nelle forme di tDCS (stimolazione transcranica in corrente continua) e TMS (stimolazione magnetica transcranica). Ciascun approccio è stato trattato dal punto di vista dei parametri fisici richiesti per ottenere stimolazioni ottimali, effetti fisiologici sul sistema nervoso e campi applicativi in cui hanno mostrato l’efficacia maggiore.
Books on the topic "TDCS/TMS"
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International Symposium on Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (2nd 2003 Göttingen, Germany). Transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation: Proceedings of the 2nd International Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Symposium, Göttingen, Germany, 11-14 June 2003. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2003.
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Rotenberg, Alexander, Alvaro Pascual-Leone, and Alan D. Legatt. Transcranial Electrical and Magnetic Stimulation. Edited by Donald L. Schomer and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0028.
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Noninvasive magnetic and electrical stimulation of cerebral cortex is an evolving field. The most widely used variant, transcranial electrical stimulation (TES), is routinely used for intraoperative monitoring. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are emerging as clinical and experimental tools. TMS has gained wide acceptance in extraoperative functional cortical mapping. TES and TMS rely on pulsatile stimulation with electrical current intensities sufficient to trigger action potentials within the stimulated cortical volume. tDCS, in contrast, is based on neuromodulatory effects of very-low-amplitude direct current conducted through the scalp. tDCS and TMS, particularly when applied in repetitive trains, can modulate cortical excitability for prolonged periods and thus are either in active clinical use or in advanced stages of clinical trials for common neurological and psychiatric disorders such as major depression and epilepsy. This chapter summarizes physiologic principles of transcranial stimulation and clinical applications of these techniques.
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Hallett, Mark, and Alfredo Berardelli. Movement Disorders. Edited by Charles M. Epstein, Eric M. Wassermann, and Ulf Ziemann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568926.013.0044.
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This article focuses on the potential therapeutic uses of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in movement disorders. The brain can be stimulated with low levels of direct electrical current, called direct current polarization (tDCS). High-frequency repetitive TMS might increase brain excitability and be used for therapy in Parkinson's disease. Single sessions with TMS, however, have not proven to be very effective. Treatment with tDCS has been performed in some open studies with some success, but these results need confirmation. Physiological findings in dystonia reveal a decrease in intracortical inhibition. There have been a few studies of patients with Tourette's syndrome with mixed results. To date, clinical results with TMS in movement disorders have been mixed, and more work will be needed to clarify the potential clinical role of TMS.
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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation, Proceedings of the 2nd International Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Symposium. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1567-424x(09)x7005-4.
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Brunoni, Andre Russowsky, Bernardo de Sampaio Pereira Júnior, and Izio Klein. Neuromodulatory approaches for bipolar disorder: current evidences and future perspectives. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198748625.003.0028.
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Bipolar disorder is a prevalent condition, with few therapeutic options and a high degree of refractoriness. This justifies the development of novel non-pharmacological treatment strategies, such as the non-invasive techniques of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), as well as the invasive techniques of deep brain stimulation (DBS) and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). In this chapter, we provide a summary of the development of the techniques as well as the studies carried out with patients with bipolar disorder. Although many promising results regarding the efficacy of theses techniques were described, the total number of studies is still low, highlighting the need of further studies in larger samples as to provide a definite picture regarding the use of clinical neuromodulation in bipolar disorder.
Book chapters on the topic "TDCS/TMS"
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Dell’Osso, Bernardo, and Giorgio Di Lorenzo. "NIBS 2020: How TMS and tDCS Acquisitions Have Set New Standards in Clinical Neuroscience." In Non Invasive Brain Stimulation in Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 1–3. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43356-7_1.
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Rego, Gabriel, Lucas Murrins Marques, Marília Lira da Silveira Coêlho, and Paulo Sérgio Boggio. "Modulating the Social and Affective Brain with Transcranial Stimulation Techniques." In Social and Affective Neuroscience of Everyday Human Interaction, 255–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08651-9_15.
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AbstractTranscranial brain stimulation (TBS) is a term that denotes different noninvasive techniques which aim to modulate brain cortical activity through an external source, usually an electric or magnetic one. Currently, there are several techniques categorized as TBS. However, two are more used for scientific research, the transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and the transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), which stimulate brain areas with a high-intensity magnetic field or a weak electric current on the scalp, respectively. They represent an enormous contribution to behavioral, cognitive, and social neuroscience since they reveal how delimited brain cortical areas contribute to some behavior or cognition. They have also been proposed as a feasible tool in the clinical setting since they can modulate abnormal cognition or behavior due to brain activity modulation. This chapter will present the standard methods of transcranial stimulation, their contributions to social and affective neuroscience through a few main topics, and the studies that adopted those techniques, also summing their findings.
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Matsuda, Tadamitsu, Atsushi Manji, Kazu Amimoto, Akira Inaba, and Yoshiaki Wada. "Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (TMS/tDCS) and Rehabilitation for Stroke and Parkinson’s." In Neurological Physical Therapy. InTech, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/67908.
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Paulus, W. "Chapter 26 Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)." In Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation, Proceedings of the 2nd International Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Symposium, 249–54. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1567-424x(09)70229-6.
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Ziemann, Ulf. "Chapter 23 Pharmacology of TMS." In Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation, Proceedings of the 2nd International Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Symposium, 226–31. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1567-424x(09)70226-0.
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Liepert, Joachim. "Chapter 37 TMS in stroke." In Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation, Proceedings of the 2nd International Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Symposium, 368–80. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1567-424x(09)70240-5.
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Awiszus, Friedemann. "Chapter 2 TMS and threshold hunting." In Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation, Proceedings of the 2nd International Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Symposium, 13–23. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1567-424x(09)70205-3.
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Théoret, Hugo, Masahito Kobayashi, Antoni Valero-Cabré, and Alvaro Pascual-Leone. "Chapter 21 Exploring paradoxical functional facilitation with TMS." In Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation, Proceedings of the 2nd International Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Symposium, 211–19. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1567-424x(09)70224-7.
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Siebner, Hartwig Roman, Martin Peller, and Lucy Lee. "Chapter 7 Applications of combined TMS-PET studies in clinical and basic research." In Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation, Proceedings of the 2nd International Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Symposium, 63–72. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1567-424x(09)70210-7.
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Bäumer, T., J. C. Rothwell, and A. Münchau. "Chapter 14 Functional connectivity of the human premotor and motor cortex explored with TMS." In Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation, Proceedings of the 2nd International Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Symposium, 160–69. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1567-424x(09)70217-x.
Full textConference papers on the topic "TDCS/TMS"
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Loreti, Eduardo Henrique, Giovanna Fernandes dos Reis, Alisson Alexandre da Silva, and Marcelo Gonçalves da Silva. "Is non-invasive neuromodulation effective in the treatment of gestational depression? A systematic review with bibliometric analysis." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.332.
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Background: The gestational period is a period of high prevalence of mental disorders, including depression, requiring effective therapeutic measures. Objectives: systematize the effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) in the treatment of depression during pregnancy. Design and setting: Systematic review with bibliometric. Methods: Articles were searched in the databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. Randomized clinical trials, case-control studies and case series, published between 2011 and 2020, that used tDCS and TMS to treat depression in pregnant patients were included. Studies that used transcranial electrostimulation associated with another technique (except the pharmacological one) were excluded. The quality of studies was evaluated independently by the reviewers according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews for Interventions for assessing bias. Software R was used to perform bibliometrics. Results: Seven studies were included, totaling 102 participants. The stimulated area was the dorsalateral prefrontal cortex (CPFDL). Two studies used tDCS with an intensity of 2 mA and application for 20 minutes and 30 minutes. Five studies used TMS, of which 2 used a frequency of 1 Hz, 2 used 25 Hz and 1 used 10 Hz. The University of Pennsylvania sets up the research center with the most affiliated articles, 8 in total. The author with the greatest impact was Kin, D.R. (index h: 6, index g: 7, index m: 0.462, total of publications 7, beginning: 2009). Conclusions: tDCS and TMS proved to be effective for the treatment of symptoms of depression during pregnancy. Systematic Review Registration: The review was registered in PROSPERO with protocol: CRD42021235355.
Reports on the topic "TDCS/TMS"
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Nunes, Isadora, Katia Sá, Mônica Rios, Yossi Zana, and Abrahão Baptista. Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in the Management of COVID-19: Protocol for a Systematic Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.12.0033.
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Review question / Objective: What is the efficacy or effectiveness of NIBS techniques, specifically repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS), percutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (paVNS), and neck vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS), in the control of outcomes associated with COVID-19 in the acute or post-COVID persistent syndrome? Eligibility criteria: Included clinical studies assessed participants with acute or persistent post-COVID-19 syndrome submitted to NIBS interventions, namely transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), theta burst (cTBS or iTBS). Studies that used peripheral and spinal cord stimulation techniques were also included. Those included vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), such as transcutaneous auricular (taVNS), percutaneous auricular (paVNS), transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) trans-spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) and other peripheral electrical stimulation (PES) techniques. Scientific communication, protocol studies, reviews and non-English papers were excluded.
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Irwin, Courtney L., Patrícia S. Coelho, Bruno Kluwe-Schiavon, Anabela Silva-Fernandes, Óscar F. Gonçalves, Jorge Leite, and Sandra Carvalho. Treatment-related changes of molecular biomarkers in major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.10.0105.
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Review question / Objective: The aim of this review is two-fold: first, we sought to identify candidate biomarkers that could provide information on whether an individual with MDD would respond positively to common non-pharmacological treatments, and secondly, to conduct a meta-analysis to determine whether one form of common non-pharmacological treatment (namely CBT, tDCS and TMS) would produce better results over another in regards to its influence on biomarker levels. Information sources: The information sources used were: three online databases (PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO) to identify English-language human randomised controlled trials unrestricted by year of publication.
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LI, Zhendong, Hangjian Qiu, xiaoqian Wang, chengcheng Zhang, and Yuejuan Zhang. Comparative Efficacy of 5 non-pharmaceutical Therapies For Adults With Post-stroke Cognitive Impairment: Protocol For A Bayesian Network Analysis Based on 55 Randomized Controlled Trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0036.
Full textAbstract:
Review question / Objective: This study will provide evidence-based references for the efficacy of 5 different non-pharmaceutical therapies in the treatment of post-stroke cognitive impairment(PSCI). 1. Types of studies. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation(TMS), Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation(tDCS), Acupuncture, Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy(VR) and Computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation(CA) for PSCI will be recruited. Additionally, Studies should be available in full papers as well as peer reviewed and the original data should be clear and adequate. 2. Types of participants. All adults with a recent or previous history of ischaemic or hemorrhagic stroke and diagnosed according to clearly defined or internationally recognized diagnostic criteria, regardless of nationality, race, sex, age, or educational background. 3.Types of interventions and controls. The control group takes non-acupuncture treatment, including conventional rehabilitation or in combination with symptomatic support therapy. The experimental group should be treated with acupuncture on basis of the control group. 4.The interventions of the experimental groups were Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation(TMS), Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation(tDCS), Acupuncture, Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy(VR) or Computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation(CA), and the interventions of the control group takes routine rehabilitation and cognition training or other therapies mentioned above that were different from the intervention group. 5.Types of outcomes. The primary outcomes are measured with The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and/or The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), which have been widely used to evaluate the cognitive abilities. The secondary outcome indicator was the Barthel Index (BI) to assess independence in activities of daily living (ADLs).