Journal articles: 'TCNZ'

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Wolfram, Benedikt, Çağla Baş, Christian Kleeberg, and Martin Bröring. "Interaction of manganese corroles with TCNQ and related acceptor molecules." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 24, no. 05n07 (May 2020): 705–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424619501359.

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Manganese corroles with the Mn atom in the oxidation states +III and +IV have been probed as donor moieties for supramolecular stacked donor–acceptor complexes with the typical acceptor units TCNQ (tetracyanoquinone), TCNP (tetracyanopyrazine), and TCNB (tetracyanobenzene). Four new compounds formed as single crystals from different co-crystallization attempts. In those cases where a Mn(III) corrole was used as the donor component, hydrolyzed and/or oxygenated compounds [(cor)Mn(TCNQ*)] and [(cor*)Mn(TCNP*)] were obtained as the exclusive products. With chloridomanganese(IV) corroles, sandwich-like 2:1 complexes [(cor)MnCl][Formula: see text][TCNQ] and [(cor)MnCl][Formula: see text][TCNB] form, with both components left intact. Crystallographic analyses reveal partial or complete charge transfer to unusual axial ligands and thus prove the high reactivity of Mn(III) corroles in the first two cases. For the sandwich arrangements, almost-unaltered geometric parameters of the Mn(IV) corroles are observed, pointing to negligible structural consequences for metal corroles when engaged in stacking interactions.

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Maity, Amarendra N., Brigitte Schwederski, Biprajit Sarkar, Stanislav Záliš, Jan Fiedler, Sanjib Kar, Goutam K. Lahiri, et al. "Tetranuclear Complexes of [Fe(CO)2(C5H5)]+with TCNX Ligands (TCNX = TCNE, TCNQ, TCNB): Intramolecular Electron Transfer Alternatives in Compounds (μ4-TCNX)[MLn]4." Inorganic Chemistry 46, no. 18 (September 2007): 7312–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic062253k.

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Waldhör, Eberhard, Wolfgang Kaim, Max Lawson, and Jeanne Jordanov. "Paramagnetism of Tetranuclear Complexes between TCNX Ligands (TCNE, TCNQ, TCNB) and Four Pentaammineruthenium or Dicarbonyl(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)manganese Fragments." Inorganic Chemistry 36, no. 15 (July 1997): 3248–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic960998s.

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Gurney, Jason K., James Stanley, Katherine McGlynn, Lorenzo Richiardi, Caroline Shaw, Richard Edwards, Tony R. Merriman, et al. "Testicular Cancer in New Zealand (TCNZ) study: protocol for a national case–control study." BMJ Open 8, no. 8 (August 2018): e025212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025212.

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Testicular cancer (TC) is by far the most common cancer to affect young men; however, the exposures that cause this disease are still poorly understood. Our own research has shown that Māori men have the highest rates of this disease in New Zealand—a puzzling observation, since internationally TC is most commonly a disease of men of European ancestry. These trends provide us with a unique opportunity: to learn more about the currently unknown exposures that cause TC, and to explain why Māori have the highest rates of this disease in New Zealand. Using epidemiology and genetics, our experienced research team will conduct a nationwide study which aims to answer these internationally important questions.Aim of studyThe overall aim of the current national case–control study is to identify the key exposures in the development of TC in New Zealand, and explore which factors might explain the difference in the incidence of TC between Māori and non-Māori.Methods and analysisOutside of our own investigations into cryptorchidism, we still do not know which exposures are driving the significant incidence disparity between ethnic groups in NZ. The aim of the proposed research is to use a population-based case–control study to identify the key exposures in the development of TC in New Zealand. We will recruit 410 TC cases and 410 controls, and collect (1) environmental exposure data, via interview and (2) genetic information, via genome-wide genotyping.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for this study was sought and received from the New Zealand Ministry of Health’s Health and Disability Ethics Committee (reference # 17/NTA/248). Following a careful data interpretation process, we will disseminate the findings of this study to a wide and varied audience ranging from general academia, community groups and clinical settings, as well as to the participants themselves.

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Berger, Sascha, Heiko Hartmann, Matthias Wanner, Jan Fiedler, and Wolfgang Kaim. "Tetranuclear complexes {(μ4-TCNX)[Cu(Me3TACN)]4}(BF4)4 with TCNX=TCNE, TCNQ or TCNB (1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene) and Me3TACN=1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane." Inorganica Chimica Acta 314, no. 1-2 (March 2001): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-1693(00)00368-6.

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Xu Hong-Bin and Wang Yuan-Xu. "First-principles study of low-compressibility of transition-metal Tc and its nitrides TcN,TcN2,TcN3 and TcN4." Acta Physica Sinica 58, no. 8 (2009): 5645. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.58.5645.

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Hartmann, Heiko, Wolfgang Kaim, Matthias Wanner, Axel Klein, Stéphanie Frantz, Carole Duboc-Toia, Jan Fiedler, and Stanislav Záliš. "Proof of Innocence for the Quintessential Noninnocent Ligand TCNQ in Its Tetranuclear Complex with Four [fac-Re(CO)3(bpy)]+Groups: Unusually Different Reactivity of the TCNX Ligands (TCNX = TCNE, TCNQ, TCNB)‖." Inorganic Chemistry 42, no. 22 (November 2003): 7018–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic034232l.

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Krishna, Marothu Vamsi, and Dannana Gowri Sankar. "Utility of σ and π-Acceptors for the Spectrophotometric Determination of Gemifloxacin Mesylate in Pharmaceutical Formulations." E-Journal of Chemistry 5, no. 3 (2008): 493–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/801545.

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In this study, four simple, fast, accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of gemifloxacin mesylate in pharmaceutical formulations. The methods are based on the charge transfer complexation reaction of the drug as n-electron donor with sigma (σ)-acceptor iodine, and thepi(π)-acceptors 2, 3-dichloro-5, 6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ)-7,7,8,8-tetra cyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and tetracyanoethylene (TCNE). The obtained charge transfer complexes were measured at 290nm for iodine (in 1, 2-dichloro ethane), at 470, 840 and 420 nm for DDQ, TCNQ and TCNE (in acetonitrile), respectively. Optimization of different experimental conditions is described. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range of 6-30, 2-10, 2.5-12.5 and 1-5 μg mL−1for iodine, DDQ, TCNQ and TCNE methods, respectively. The proposed methods were applied successfully to the determination of GFX in pharmaceutical formulations with good accuracy and precision.

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Srinivasa Rao, Pedada, Avinash L. Puyad, Sidhanath V. Bhosale, and Sheshanath V. Bhosale. "Triphenylamine-Merocyanine-Based D1-A1-π-A2/A3-D2 Chromophore System: Synthesis, Optoelectronic, and Theoretical Studies." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 7 (April 1, 2019): 1621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20071621.

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donor–acceptorDonor–acceptor–π–acceptor–donor (D1-A1-π-A2/A3-D2)-type small molecules, such TPA-MC-2 and TPA-MC-3, were designed and synthesized starting from donor-substituted alkynes (TPA-MC-1) via [2 + 2] cycloaddition−retroelectrocyclization reaction with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) units, respectively. TPA-MC-2 and TPA-MC-3 chromophores differ on the A2/A3 acceptor subunit, which is 1,1,4,4-tetracyanobutadiene (TCBD) and a dicyanoquinodicyanomethane (DCQDCM), respectively. Both the derivative bearing same donors D1 (triphenylamine) and D2 (trimethylindolinm) and also same A1 (monocyano) as an acceptor, tetracyano with an aryl rings as the π-bridging moiety. The incorporation of TCNE and TCNQ as strong electron withdrawing units led to strong intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) interactions, resulting in lower LUMO energy levels. Comparative UV–Vis absorption, fluorescence emission, and electrochemical and computational studies were performed to understand the effects of the TCNE and TCNQ subunits incorporated on TPA-MC-2 and TPA-MC-3, respectively.

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Yun, Sungryul, Seongcheol Mun, Seung Koo Park, Inwook Hwang, and Meejeong Choi. "A Thermo–Mechanically Robust Compliant Electrode Based on Surface Modification of Twisted and Coiled Nylon–6 Fiber for Artificial Muscle with Highly Durable Contractile Stroke." Polymers 14, no. 17 (August 31, 2022): 3601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14173601.

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In this paper, we propose a novel and facile methodology to chemically construct a thin and highly compliant metallic electrode onto a twisted and coiled nylon–6 fiber (TCN) with a three–dimensional structure via surface modification of the TCN eliciting gold–sulfur (Au–S) interaction for enabling durable electro–thermally–induced actuation performance of a TCN actuator (TCNA). The surface of the TCN exposed to UV/Ozone plasma was modified to (3–mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (MPTMS) molecules with thiol groups through a hydrolysis–condensation reaction. Thanks to the surface modification inducing strong interaction between gold and sulfur as a formation of covalent bonds, the Au electrode on the MPTMS–TCN exhibited excellent mechanical robustness against adhesion test, simultaneously could allow overall surface of the TCN to be evenly heated without any significant physical damages during repetitive electro–thermal heating tests. Unlike the TCNAs with physically coated metallic electrode, the TCNA with the Au electrode established on the MPTMS–TCN could produce a large and repeatable contractile strain over 12% as lifting a load of 100 g even during 2000 cyclic actuations. Demonstration of the durable electrode for the TCNA can lead to technical advances in artificial muscles for human–assistive devices as well as soft robots those requires long–term stability in operation.

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Abdul Raheem, Abbasriyaludeen, Chitra Kumar, Ramasamy Shanmugam, P. Murugan, and Chandrasekar Praveen. "Molecular engineering of twisted dipolar chromophores for efficiency boosted BHJ solar cells." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 9, no. 13 (2021): 4562–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tc00708d.

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12

Shen, Yang, Zhihao Yuan, Zhen Cui, Deming Ma, Pei Yuan, Kunqi Yang, Yanbo Dong, Fangping Wang, and Enling Li. "The Electronic Properties of g−ZnO Modulated by Organic Molecules Adsorption." Crystals 12, no. 7 (June 21, 2022): 882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12070882.

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Molecular doping is an excellent instrument to modify the electronic properties of two−dimensional materials. In our work, the structure and electronic properties of the adsorption systems of g−ZnO adsorbed by organic molecules (including Tetracyanoethylene (TCNE), Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), and Tetrahydrofulvalene (TTF)) were investigated computationally using Density Functional Theory (DFT). The results showed that the TCNE and TCNQ, as electron receptors, doped the LUMO energy level above the valence band maximum (VBM) of the g−ZnO band structure, demonstrating effective p−type doping. The n−type doping of g−ZnO was obtained that the TTF molecules, as electron donors, doped the HOMO energy level below the conduction band minimum (CBM) of the band structure for g−ZnO. In addition, the TCNE, TCNQ, and TTF breathed additional holes or electrons into the monolayer g−ZnO, creating surface dipole moments between the g−ZnO and organic molecules, which caused work function to be adjustable, ranging from 3.871 eV to 5.260 eV. Our results prove that organic molecular doping was instrumental in improving the performance of g−ZnO−based nano−electronic devices, providing theoretical support for the fabrication of p−doping or n−doping nano−semiconductor components. The tunable range of field emission capability of g−ZnO−based electronic devices was also extended.

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Kauf, Thomas, Vitor Rosa, Christophe Fliedel, Roberto Pattacini, Naina Deibel, Teresa Avilés, Biprajit Sarkar, and Pierre Braunstein. "Reactivity of TCNE and TCNQ derivatives of quinonoid zwitterions with Cu(i)." Dalton Transactions 44, no. 12 (2015): 5441–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4dt03956d.

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Colter, Allan K., A. Gregg Parsons, and Karen Foohey. "Hydride transfer reactions. A kinetic study of oxidation of 10-methyl-9-phenylacridan by some π acceptors and a one-electron oxidant." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 8 (August 1, 1985): 2237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v85-368.

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The kinetics of oxidation of 10-methyl-9-phenylacridan (1(H)) and 9-deuterio-10-methyl-9-phenylacridan (1(D)) to 10-methyl-9-phenylacridinium ion (3) by eight oxidants have been investigated. The oxidants included the π-acceptors 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ), 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), p-bromanil (BA), p-chloranil (CA), tetracyanoethylene (TCNE), 2,3-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DCBQ) and 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) in acetonitrile (AN), BQ in 50:50 (v/v) AN-water, and the one-electron oxidant tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)cobalt(III), [Formula: see text] in AN. The seven π acceptors cover a 109-fold range of reactivity from BQ to DDQ and the deuterium kinetic isotope effect varies from 11.9 (BQ in AN) to 5.8 (DDQ). For π acceptors (BQ, TCNQ, CA, TCNE, and DCBQ) previously investigated with 10-methylacridan (NMA), 1(H) is less reactive than NMA by factors ranging from 9.1 (BQ) to 1.7 × 102 (TCNE). The isotope effects and relative reactivities for the π acceptor oxidations are most simply explained by a one-step hydride transfer mechanism.

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Andrusenko, Iryna, Joseph Hitchen, Enrico Mugnaioli, Jason Potticary, Simon R. Hall, and Mauro Gemmi. "Two New Organic Co-Crystals Based on Acetamidophenol Molecules." Symmetry 14, no. 3 (February 22, 2022): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14030431.

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Herein we present two new organic co-crystals obtained through a simple solution growth process based on an acetamidophenol molecule, either paracetamol or metacetamol, and on 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ). These co-crystals are part of a family of potential organic charge transfer complexes, where the acetamidophenol molecule behaves as an electron donor and TCNQ behaves as an electron acceptor. Due to the sub-micron size of the crystalline domains, 3D electron diffraction was employed for the structure characterization of both systems. Paracetamol-TCNQ structure was solved by standard direct methods, while the analysis of metacetamol-TCNQ was complicated by the low resolution of the available diffraction data and by the low symmetry of the system. The structure determination of metacetamol-TCNQ was eventually achieved after merging two data sets and combining direct methods with simulated annealing. Our study reveals that both paracetamol-TCNQ and metacetamol-TCNQ systems crystallize in a 1:1 stoichiometry, assembling in a mixed-stack configuration and adopting a non-centrosymmetric P1 symmetry. It appears that paracetamol and metacetamol do not form a strong structural scaffold based on hydrogen bonding, as previously observed for orthocetamol-TCNQ and orthocetamol-TCNB (1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene) co-crystals.

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BELABBAS, M., M. FELLAH, N. H. ALLAL, N. BENHAMOUDA, I. AMI, and M. R. OUDIH. "INFLUENCE OF THE ISOVECTOR PAIRING EFFECT ON NUCLEAR STATISTICAL QUANTITIES IN N ≈ Z EVEN–EVEN SYSTEMS." International Journal of Modern Physics E 19, no. 10 (October 2010): 1973–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301310016454.

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The influence of the isovector neutron–proton (np) pairing effect on nuclear statistical quantities is studied in N ≈ Z even–even systems. Expressions of the energy, the entropy, and the heat capacity are established using a recently proposed temperature-dependent isovector pairing gap equations. They generalize the conventional finite temperature BCS (FTBCS) ones. The model is first numerically tested using the schematic one-level model. As a second step, realistic cases are considered using the single-particle energies of a deformed Woods–Saxon mean-field. It is shown that: (i) the gap parameter Δnp(T) behaves like Δtt(T), t = n, p, in the conventional FTBCS model and the critical temperature value Tcnp is such as Tcnp<Tcp<Tcn; (ii) the behavior of Δtt(T), t = n, p in the present model is different from that of the FTBCS one. This fact leads to a systematic discrepancy between the predictions of both models in the Tcnp<T<Tcn region for all studied statistical quantities; and (iii) in the 0≤T≤Tcnp region, the np pairing effect on the energy is a lowering of about 1%, on average, for all considered nuclei. Dealing with the entropy and the heat capacity, the np pairing effect appears only if the Tcnp value is sufficiently important.

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Moscherosch, Michael, and Wolfgang Kaim. "A first robust complex of tetradentate TCNQ. Evidence for two weakly coupled diruthenium(II,III) subsystems in symmetrical tetranuclear complexes {(μ4-TCNX)[Ru(NH3)5]4}8+ (TCNX=TCNE, TCNQ)." Inorganica Chimica Acta 206, no. 2 (April 1993): 229–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-1693(00)82872-8.

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Wehbe-Alamah, Hiba, Marilyn McFarland, Margaret Andrews, and Samantha Lograsso. "An Ethnohistory of the Transcultural Nursing Scholars and Their Contributions to the Field." Journal of Transcultural Nursing 32, no. 1 (December 9, 2019): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043659619892671.

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Introduction: The Transcultural Nursing Society (TCNS) recognizes transcultural nursing (TCN) scholars for creative leadership and advancing education, practice, research, and administration. The purpose of this study was to discover the historical context of scholars’ professional growth and development and their contributions to and future vision for transcultural nursing. Method: Leininger’s Ethnonursing Research Method was used to develop an ethnohistorical qualitative approach that included a semistructured, open-ended interview guide and data analysis plan. Data were analyzed using NVivo software and Leininger’s Phases of Ethnonursing Data Analysis Enabler for Qualitative Data. Results: Analysis resulted in the discovery of five themes and 15 patterns related to the sources of scholars’ interest in TCN; professional development strategies; contributions to TCN theory development, education, research, practice, service, and consultation; the responsibilities of being a TCN scholar; and their future vision for TCN. Discussion: These findings could inspire and guide TCN scholars as they pursue the study and practice of TCN.

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Yu, Diankun, Isabella G. Febbo, Matthieu J. Maroteaux, Hanyun Wang, Yingnan Song, Xiao Han, Cheng Sun, et al. "The Transcription Factor Shox2 Shapes Neuron Firing Properties and Suppresses Seizures by Regulation of Key Ion Channels in Thalamocortical Neurons." Cerebral Cortex 31, no. 7 (March 2, 2021): 3194–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaa414.

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Abstract Thalamocortical neurons (TCNs) play a critical role in the maintenance of thalamocortical oscillations, dysregulation of which can result in certain types of seizures. Precise control over firing rates of TCNs is foundational to these oscillations, yet the transcriptional mechanisms that constrain these firing rates remain elusive. We hypothesized that Shox2 is a transcriptional regulator of ion channels important for TCN function and that loss of Shox2 alters firing frequency and activity, ultimately perturbing thalamocortical oscillations into an epilepsy-prone state. In this study, we used RNA sequencing and quantitative PCR of control and Shox2 knockout mice to determine Shox2-affected genes and revealed a network of ion channel genes important for neuronal firing properties. Protein regulation was confirmed by Western blotting, and electrophysiological recordings showed that Shox2 KO impacted the firing properties of a subpopulation of TCNs. Computational modeling showed that disruption of these conductances in a manner similar to Shox2’s effects modulated frequency of oscillations and could convert sleep spindles to near spike and wave activity, which are a hallmark for absence epilepsy. Finally, Shox2 KO mice were more susceptible to pilocarpine-induced seizures. Overall, these results reveal Shox2 as a transcription factor important for TCN function in adult mouse thalamus.

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Záliš, Stanislav, Biprajit Sarkar, Carole Duboc, and Wolfgang Kaim. "Evidence for the dimer-of-(mixed-valent dimers) configuration in tetranuclear {(μ4-TCNX)[Ru(NH3)5]4}8+, TCNX = TCNE and TCNQ, from DFT calculations." Monatshefte für Chemie - Chemical Monthly 140, no. 7 (March 18, 2009): 765–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00706-009-0129-3.

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Ando, N., Y. Izawa, and Y. Shinoda. "Relative contributions of thalamic reticular nucleus neurons and intrinsic interneurons to inhibition of thalamic neurons projecting to the motor cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 73, no. 6 (June 1, 1995): 2470–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.73.6.2470.

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1. Intracellular responses to stimulation of the cerebral cortex (Cx) and cerebellum were analyzed in thalamocortical neurons (TCNs) in the ventroanterior-ventrolateral (VA-VL) complex of the thalamus and neurons in the thalamic reticular nuclei (RNs) of anesthetized cats, and the contribution of reticular nucleus neurons (RNNs) and thalamic interneurons (TINs) to cerebral and cerebellar inhibition of TCNs was determined. 2. Single TCNs projecting to area 4 or 6 received convergent monosynaptic excitatory and disynaptic inhibitory inputs from both the dentate nucleus (DN) and the interpositus nucleus (IN). These TCNs also received monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and disynaptic inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) from the pericruciate cortex (areas 4 and 6). Each TCN received the strongest excitatory and inhibitory inputs from the cortical area to which that TCN projected, and weaker inhibitory inputs from adjacent cortical areas. 3. RNNs were identified morphologically by intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Stimulation of the brachium conjunctivum (BC) evoked disynaptic EPSPs with a long decay phase in RNNs in the anterior ventrolateral part of the RN. Single RNNs received convergent disynaptic excitatory inputs from both the DNA and the IN. Stimulation of the Cx produced monosynaptic long-lasting EPSPs with two different latencies in these RNNs: early EPSPs with latencies of 0.9-2.1 ms and late EPSPs with latencies of 1.8-3.5 ms. Collision experiments with BC- and Cx-evoked EPSPs in RNNs indicated that BC-evoked disynaptic EPSPs and Cx-evoked early EPSPs were produced by axon collaterals of TCNs to RNNs. The latencies of the Cx-evoked late EPSPs in RNNs were almost identical to those of Cx-evoked monosynaptic EPSPs in TCNs, indicating that corticothalamic neurons (CTNs) exert monosynaptic excitatory effects on RNNs and TCNs. 4. Stimulation of the Cx produced IPSPs in TCNs with short latencies of 1.8-2.7 ms and longer latencies of > or = 2.8 ms. The Cx-evoked early IPSPs with latencies of 1.8-2.7 ms were mediated by RNNs. The origin of Cx-evoked late IPSPs with latencies of > or = 2.8 ms in TCNs was twofold, Cx-induced early IPSPs in TCNs were facilitated by conditioning cortical stimulation that induced late IPSPs in the TCNs. The same conditioning cortical stimulation also facilitated BC-evoked disynaptic IPSPs. The time course of this facilitatation indicated that CTNs produce long-lasting excitation in TINs. These results indicated that Cx-evoked IPSPs with latencies of > 2.7 ms were mediated at least in part by RNNs and inhibitory TINs in the VA-VL complex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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Zakrzewski, V. G., O. Dolgounitcheva, and J. V. Ortiz. "Electron binding energies of TCNQ and TCNE." Journal of Chemical Physics 105, no. 14 (October 8, 1996): 5872–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.472428.

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García Munguía, Chefo Alberto, Agustín Ruíz Flores, Rufino López Ordaz, Alberto Margarito García Munguía, and Luis Arturo Ibarra Juárez. "Comportamiento productivo y reproductivo al parto y al destete en cerdas de siete líneas genéticas." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias 5, no. 2 (June 8, 2014): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v5i2.3661.

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El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar los efectos de línea genética (LG), número de parto (NP) y sala de parto (S) en el tamaño de la camada nacida viva (TCNV), el número de lechones nacidos muertos por camada (LNM), el tamaño de la camada al nacimiento (TCN) y al destete (TCD), los pesos de la camada al nacimiento (PCN) y al destete (PCD), el consumo diario de alimento de la cerda (CDA) y las pérdidas de peso (PPL) y grasa dorsal (PGD) de la cerda en la lactancia. Además de los efectos fijos LG, NP y S, el modelo incluyó las covariables TCN para PCN y TCD para PCD. Se encontraron diferencias (P<0.0026) entre LG para TCN, TCNV, LNM y CDA. El NP sólo fue significativo (P<0.0001) para CDA, S sólo lo fue (P<0.0380) para LNM. Las cerdas de tres o más partos tuvieron mayor CDA (4.5 ± 0.2 kg) que las de primero o segundo partos (3.4 ± 0.2 kg). Se requiere reforzar la atención al parto y durante la lactanciapara reducir la muerte de lechones al parto y en la lactancia; así como evitar que la cerda pierda demasiado peso y grasa dorsal con el fin de reducir el deterioro del comportamiento productivo y reproductivo postdestete.

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Lacombe, Valentin, Guy Lenaers, and Geoffrey Urbanski. "Diagnostic and Therapeutic Perspectives Associated to Cobalamin-Dependent Metabolism and Transcobalamins’ Synthesis in Solid Cancers." Nutrients 14, no. 10 (May 14, 2022): 2058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14102058.

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Cobalamin or vitamin B12 (B12) is a cofactor for methionine synthase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, two enzymes implicated in key pathways for cell proliferation: methylation, purine synthesis, succinylation and ATP production. Ensuring these functions in cancer cells therefore requires important cobalamin needs and its uptake through the transcobalamin II receptor (TCII-R). Thus, both the TCII-R and the cobalamin-dependent metabolic pathways constitute promising therapeutic targets to inhibit cancer development. However, the link between cobalamin and solid cancers is not limited to cellular metabolism, as it also involves the circulating transcobalamins I and II (TCI or haptocorrin and TCII) carrier proteins, encoded by TCN1 and TCN2, respectively. In this respect, elevations of B12, TCI and TCII concentrations in plasma are associated with cancer onset and relapse, and with the presence of metastases and worse prognosis. In addition, TCN1 and TCN2 overexpressions are associated with chemoresistance and a proliferative phenotype, respectively. Here we review the involvement of cobalamin and transcobalamins in cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and as potential therapeutic targets. We further detail the relationship between cobalamin-dependent metabolic pathways in cancer cells and the transcobalamins’ abundancies in plasma and tumors, to ultimately hypothesize screening and therapeutic strategies linking these aspects.

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Tsinganos, Panagiotis, Bart Jansen, Jan Cornelis, and Athanassios Skodras. "Real-Time Analysis of Hand Gesture Recognition with Temporal Convolutional Networks." Sensors 22, no. 5 (February 22, 2022): 1694. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22051694.

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In recent years, the successful application of Deep Learning methods to classification problems has had a huge impact in many domains. (1) Background: In biomedical engineering, the problem of gesture recognition based on electromyography is often addressed as an image classification problem using Convolutional Neural Networks. Recently, a specific class of these models called Temporal Convolutional Networks (TCNs) has been successfully applied to this task. (2) Methods: In this paper, we approach electromyography-based hand gesture recognition as a sequence classification problem using TCNs. Specifically, we investigate the real-time behavior of our previous TCN model by performing a simulation experiment on a recorded sEMG dataset. (3) Results: The proposed network trained with data augmentation yields a small improvement in accuracy compared to our existing model. However, the classification accuracy is decreased in the real-time evaluation, showing that the proposed TCN architecture is not suitable for such applications. (4) Conclusions: The real-time analysis helps in understanding the limitations of the model and exploring new ways to improve its performance.

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Barmeyer, Christoph, Volker Stein, and Jenny Marie Eberhardt. "Third-country nationals as intercultural boundary spanners in multinational corporations." Multinational Business Review 28, no. 4 (August 24, 2020): 521–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbr-04-2019-0027.

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the central roles, functions and competences of third-country nationals (TCNs) in intercultural boundary spanning in multinational corporations (MNCs): Why are TCNs particularly important for reducing complexity at the overlapping functional, geographic and external boundaries of MNCs with their related interferences and which role do they play as boundary spanners in cross-boundary collaboration? Design/methodology/approach After introducing the theoretical background on boundary spanning and TCNs, the methodology applied in this paper is a theory-driven, qualitative approach based on 13 in-depth semi-structured interviews with TNCs conducted in 10 MNCs. Findings The authors aggregate TCNs’ activities into four roles: disembedded cosmopolitan, intermediary, third party and team-related boundary spanner. They show that TCNs tend to understand the complex intercultural context between headquarters and subsidiaries, balance power asymmetries, use their in-between neutrality to create trust, and act in an interculturally highly competent way by using a great variety of intercultural and linguistic skills. The TCNs’ meta-competence permits a higher level, intellectual and abstract perspective, enabling TCNs to consider structures, objects and interactions from an affective distance. Research limitations/implications The differences between TCNs and “regular” expatriates or other interface managers are examined and methodological limitations as well as research implications are critically discussed. MNCs can intentionally assign TCNs with their related competence profiles when expecting boundary-spanning tasks. Originality/value This paper is one of the few published that undergirds the TCN concept with empirical data and illustrates the suitability of specific role-takers such as TCNs for some complex challenges in international and intercultural management settings.

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Akcar, Naki, Susan Ivy-Ochs, and Christian Schlüchter. "Application of in-situ produced terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides to archaeology: A schematic review." E&G Quaternary Science Journal 57, no. 1/2 (August 1, 2008): 226–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3285/eg.57.1-2.9.

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Abstract. The wide applicability of in-situ produced Terrestrial Cosmogenic Nuclides (TCNs) to geological problems and experiences in development and testing gained over the past decade is encouraging for its application to archaeological questions, where there is a distinct need for an additional independent dating tool beyond the limits of radiocarbon (~ 40 ka). Just as TCNs are applicable to a broader time period with considerable precision in archaeology, so also are they applicable to all lithologies. Application of TCNs to archaeological problems is relatively simple: either surface exposure dating (using cosmogenic nuclide production) or burial dating (using decay of radioactive cosmogenic nuclides) can be applied. For a successful application, close collaboration between archaeologists and TCN experts is required. The total exposure from 100 a to 5 Ma of a given surface of archaeological origin can be determined by surface exposure dating. The range of burial dating is from ~0.1 to 5 Ma. TCNs have been successfully applied to many archaeological problems during the last decade and both surface exposure dating and burial dating show high potential in the solving of archaeological problems.

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de Lange, Tesseltje. "Third-Country National Students and Trainees in the EU: Caught between Learning and Work." International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 31, Issue 4 (December 1, 2015): 453–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2015025.

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Foreign students and trainees are welcomed by the EU for study purposes. Member States must ensure that during their studies third-country national (TCN) students can legally work for at least ten hours a week, whereas trainees may not. This article deals with these often overlooked TCN students and trainees as migrant workers. It presents an extensive analysis of EU labour migration Directives on the level of protection of TCN students and trainees in comparison to illegally staying TCNs, with a case-study based on Dutch employer sanctions case law. The aim of the article is to map this reclassification of students and trainees as workers. One conclusion is that legally staying migrants may be more vulnerable and receive less protection under EU law than irregular migrant workers.

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Nakano, Motohiro, and Michio Sorai. "Calorimetric studies on [DMeFc][TCNE] and [DMeFc][TCNQ]." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 233, no. 1 (September 1993): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10587259308054958.

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Briddick, Catherine. "COMBATTING OR ENABLING DOMESTIC VIOLENCE? EVALUATING THE RESIDENCE RIGHTS OF MIGRANT VICTIMS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN EUROPE." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 69, no. 4 (August 20, 2020): 1013–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589320000317.

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AbstractThe treatment of third-country nationals (TCNs) under EU law falls far short of the EU's commitments to eliminate gender inequality and to ‘combat all kinds of domestic violence’. Not only does Article 13(2)(c) of the EU Citizens’ Directive, as interpreted by the CJEU in Secretary of State for the Home Department v NA, fail to ‘safeguard’ the rights of TCNs, it may also enable domestic violence. When presented with an opportunity to remedy its disadvantageous treatment of TCNs by fully ratifying the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combatting Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence (the Istanbul Convention), the Council of the EU chose instead to pursue a selective and partial ratification which leaves TCN victims without recourse to the very provisions designed to assist them. The European Parliament stated that it ‘regrets’ this approach, recommending instead ‘a broad EU accession … without any limitations’. This article's analysis of the EU Citizens’ Directive and Istanbul Convention supports this recommendation.

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Parmar, Hitesh, R. K. Shah, and A. T. Oza. "Infrared Spectra of Electronically Doped Polythiophene." Advanced Materials Research 1141 (August 2016): 222–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1141.222.

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Polythiophene was prepared by oxidation of thiophene. It was electronically doped with organic acceptors such as TCNE, TCNQ, DDQ, Chloranil and kI-I2. The FTIR spectra revealed only little change of intermolecular band gap of about 0.21ev of polythiophene .However, polythiophene (pure) obtained from chemical company revealed degenerate semiconducting property. The electronic doping with the organic acceptors and kI-I2 revealed optical properties in small polaron model in the FTIR range. Thus both non-degenerate and degenerate polythiophenes were studied with 60% doping of organic acceptors.

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Miao, Zongcheng, Yaqin Chu, Lei Wang, Wenqing Zhu, and Dong Wang. "Nonlinear Optical and Ion Sensor Properties of Novel Molecules Conjugated by Click Chemistry." Polymers 14, no. 8 (April 8, 2022): 1516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14081516.

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The molecular structure, luminescence behavior, and electronic energy level of an organic optoelectronic materials are important parameters for its synthesis. The electro-optical properties can be changed by modifying the structure of the molecule to make the electronic energy level adjustable. In this article, a series of organic conjugated micro-molecules are successfully synthesized by linking small compound units. This metal-free [2 + 2] click chemistry process generates donor–acceptor chromophore substances with high yield, high solubility, and adjustable energy levels, which can be widely used for sensors and nonlinear optics in different fields. A-TCNE, A-TCNQ, and A-F4-TCNQ molecules are characterized comprehensively via UV-Vis-NIR spectra, 1H NMR spectra, infrared spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The unique nonlinear optical phenomena and powerful intra-molecular charge–transfer interactions of these new materials give them fascinating potential for application as optoelectronic materials.

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Cheng, Yu, Bo Wang, Bo Yang, and Robby T. Tan. "Graph and Temporal Convolutional Networks for 3D Multi-person Pose Estimation in Monocular Videos." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 2 (May 18, 2021): 1157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i2.16202.

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Despite the recent progress, 3D multi-person pose estimation from monocular videos is still challenging due to the commonly encountered problem of missing information caused by occlusion, partially out-of-frame target persons, and inaccurate person detection. To tackle this problem, we propose a novel framework integrating graph convolutional networks (GCNs) and temporal convolutional networks (TCNs) to robustly estimate camera-centric multi-person 3D poses that does not require camera parameters. In particular, we introduce a human-joint GCN, which unlike the existing GCN, is based on a directed graph that employs the 2D pose estimator's confidence scores to improve the pose estimation results. We also introduce a human-bone GCN, which models the bone connections and provides more information beyond human joints. The two GCNs work together to estimate the spatial frame-wise 3D poses and can make use of both visible joint and bone information in the target frame to estimate the occluded or missing human-part information. To further refine the 3D pose estimation, we use our temporal convolutional networks (TCNs) to enforce the temporal and human-dynamics constraints. We use a joint-TCN to estimate person-centric 3D poses across frames, and propose a velocity-TCN to estimate the speed of 3D joints to ensure the consistency of the 3D pose estimation in consecutive frames. Finally, to estimate the 3D human poses for multiple persons, we propose a root-TCN that estimates camera-centric 3D poses without requiring camera parameters. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Anh, Le Hoang, Gwang Hyun Yu, Dang Thanh Vu, Jin Sul Kim, Jung Il Lee, Jun Churl Yoon, and Jin Young Kim. "Stride-TCN for Energy Consumption Forecasting and Its Optimization." Applied Sciences 12, no. 19 (September 20, 2022): 9422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12199422.

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Forecasting, commonly used in econometrics, meteorology, or energy consumption prediction, is the field of study that deals with time series data to predict future trends. Former studies have revealed that both traditional statistical models and recent deep learning-based approaches have achieved good performance in forecasting. In particular, temporal convolutional networks (TCNs) have proved their effectiveness in several time series benchmarks. However, presented TCN models are too heavy to deploy on resource-constrained systems, such as edge devices. As a resolution, this study proposes a stride–dilation mechanism for TCN that favors a lightweight model yet still achieves on-pair accuracy with the heavy counterparts. We also present the Chonnam National University (CNU) Electric Power Consumption dataset, the dataset of energy consumption measured at CNU by smart meters every hour. The experimental results indicate that our best model reduces the mean squared error by 32.7%, whereas the model size is only 1.6% compared to the baseline TCN.

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Nie, Lei, Shiyi Xu, Lvfan Zhang, Yehan Yin, Zhengqiong Dong, and Xiangdong Zhou. "Remaining Useful Life Prediction of Aeroengines Based on Multi-Head Attention Mechanism." Machines 10, no. 7 (July 8, 2022): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10070552.

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Aeroengines are the core components of an aircraft; therefore, their health determines flight safety. Currently, owing to their complex structure and problems associated with their various detection parameters, predicting the remaining useful life (RUL) of aeroengines is very important to ensure their safety and reliability. In this paper, we propose a new hybrid method based on convolutional neural networks (CNN), timing convolutional neural networks (TCN), and the multi-head attention mechanism. Firstly, an CNN-TCN model is established for multi-dimensional features, in which two layers of the CNN extract features of multi-dimensional input data, and the TCN process the timing features. Subsequently, the outputs of multiple CNN-TCNs are weighted using the multi-head attention mechanism, and the results are stitched together. Next, we compare the root mean square error (RMSE) and scores of various RUL prediction methods to show the superiority of the proposed method. The results showed that compared with previous research results, the RMSE and Score of FD001 decreased by 10.87% and 42.57%, respectively, whereas those of FD003 decreased by 14.13% and 58.15%, respectively.

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Stößer, Reinhard, and Ronald Dehmlow. "Zur Reaktion von TCNE und TCNQ mit n-GaAs-Oberflächen." Zeitschrift für Chemie 21, no. 3 (August 31, 2010): 107–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zfch.19810210312.

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Khoo, S. B., John K. Foley, and Stanley Pons. "Electrolyte effects on the cyclic voltammetry of TCNQ and TCNE." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry 215, no. 1-2 (December 1986): 273–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(86)87021-8.

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Kaim, Wolfgang, and Michael Moscherosch. "The coordination chemistry of TCNE, TCNQ and related polynitrileπ acceptors." Coordination Chemistry Reviews 129, no. 1-2 (January 1994): 157–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-8545(94)85020-8.

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Han, Zhenhua, Yu Li, Kai Guo, Gang Li, Wen Zheng, and Hongfu Liu. "A Seismic Phase Recognition Algorithm Based on Time Convolution Networks." Applied Sciences 12, no. 19 (September 23, 2022): 9547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12199547.

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Over recent years, frequent earthquakes have caused huge losses in human life and property. Rapid and automatic earthquake detection plays an important role in earthquake warning systems and earthquake operation mechanism research. Temporal convolution networks (TCNs) are frameworks that use expansion convolution and expansion, which have large and temporal receptive fields and can adapt to time series data. Given the excellent performance of temporal convolution networks using time series data, this paper proposes a deep learning framework based on the temporal convolution network model, which can be used to detect and obtain the accurate start times of seismic phases. In addition, a convolutional neural network (CNN) was added to the temporal convolution network model to automatically extract the deep features of seismic waves and the expansion convolution of each level was added to optimize its structure, which not only reduced the experimental parameters but also produced high-precision seismic phase detection results. Finally, the model was compared to the TCN, CNN-LSTM, SELD-TCN and the traditional AR-AIC methods. Our experimental results showed that the S-TCN method demonstrated great advantages in the accuracy and performance of seismic phase detection.

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Halton, Brian, and Jarrod M. Ward. "Studies in the Cycloproparene Series. The Formation of Charge-Transfer Complexes from 1-Aryl- and 1-Diarylmethylidene-1H-cyclopropa[b]naphthalenes." Australian Journal of Chemistry 58, no. 2 (2005): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch04233.

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The only charge-transfer (CT) complex formed from (p-dimethylaminophenyl)methylidene-1H-cyclopropa[b]naphthalene 7a is with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) 1 in acetonitrile. The methoxy-, thiomethyl-, and unsubstituted-phenyl analogues 7b–7d complex only with 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyano-1,4-benzoquinodimethane (TCNQF4) 2, and then only in dichloromethane; TCNQ 3, TCNE 4, and the o-CA 5 and p-CA 6 are without effect on any of 7a–7j. In contrast, the bis(dimethylaminophenyl)methylidene homologue 9a complexes with each of 1–5 but is the only diaryl derivative to do so. The polar parent, 1H-cyclopropa[b]naphthalene, does not form a CT complex with any of the acceptors employed.

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Bruce, Michael I. "Some Organometallic Chemistry of Tetracyanoethene: CN-displacement and Cycloaddition Reactions with Alkynyl - Transition Metal Complexes and Related Chemistry." Australian Journal of Chemistry 64, no. 1 (2011): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch10307.

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The highly electron-deficient cyanocarbons tetracyanoethene (tcne) and, to a lesser extent, tetracyanoquinodimethane (tcnq), display a fascinating chemistry with transition metal substrates. In particular, the [2 + 2]-cycloadditions of the cyanocarbons with alkynyl- or poly-ynyl–metal complexes have been extensively studied by the author’s group. These reactions proceed via polar adducts to give σ-cyclobutenyl complexes, which then undergo facile ring-opening (retro-electrocyclic) reactions to form the corresponding butadienyl derivatives. In some cases, further reactions can occur by displacement of weakly bound ligands from the metal centre. The subsequent chemistry of these derivatives has been only cursorily investigated, while related studies of organic analogues have produced molecules with interesting electronic and optical properties.

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Demirhan, Hulya, Mustafa Arslan, Mustafa Zengin, and Mustafa Kucukislamoglu. "Investigation of Charge Transfer Complexes Formed between Mirtazapine and Someπ-Acceptors." Journal of Spectroscopy 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/875953.

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Charge transfer complexes (CTC) of mirtazapine with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE), 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ), and tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) have been studied spectrophotometrically in dichloromethane at room temperature. The stoichiometries of the complexes were found to be 1 : 1 ratio by the Job Method between mirtazapine and the acceptors. The equilibrium constants and thermodynamic parameters of the complexes were determined by the Benesi-Hildebrand and Van't Hoff equations. Mirtazapine in pure and dosage form was applied in this study. The results indicate that the formation constants for the complexes depend on the nature of electron acceptors and donor. And also the spectral studies of the complexes were determined by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy.

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Al Zoubi, Mazhar Salim. "Genetic Bases of VitaminB12 Deficiency: Impact of MTHFR, TCN-II and GIF Polymorphisms on Vitamin B12 Level." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BIOLOGY AND BIOMEDICINE 19 (January 4, 2022): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23208.2022.19.2.

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Vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with serious health problems such as neurological disorders. In Jordan, few studies have evaluated the level of vitamin B21 in the Jordanian population with different prevalence. Genetic predisposition, lifestyle, environment, socioeconomic status, and geographic have been linked to vitamin B12 deficiency. Polymorphisms in the GIF, MTHFR, and Transcobalamins, have been proposed to be associated with the level of vitamin B12. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the impact of certain polymorphisms in MTHFR, TCN-II and GIF genes on the level of vitamin B12 in the Jordanian population. Polymorphic sites of the MTHFR (c.677 C>T, rs1801133 and c.1286A>C, rs1801131), TCN2-776C>G (Arg259Pro) (rs1801198) and GIF-68 A>G (Q5R) genes were analyzed by RFLP and DNA sequencing in a group of vitamin B12 deficient individuals (n = 100). The control group included 100 matching individuals with a normal level of vitamin B12 (>200 ng/mL). Our results showed a significant association between the homologous variant of the TCN2 gene (G776G) and MTHFR c.677C>T genes and vitamin B12 deficiency. On the other hand, The MTHFR c.1286A>C variant and GIF variants did not show significant association with vitamin B12 deficiency. This study expounds the association of TCN2 and MTHFR polymorphisms with cobalamin levels in a Jordanian population and highlights the necessity of further studies to elucidate the molecular basis and impact of TCN2, GIF, and MTHFR gene polymorphisms on vitamin B12 deficiency and associated disorders.

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Lara-Benítez, Pedro, Manuel Carranza-García, José M. Luna-Romera, and José C. Riquelme. "Temporal Convolutional Networks Applied to Energy-Related Time Series Forecasting." Applied Sciences 10, no. 7 (March 28, 2020): 2322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10072322.

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Modern energy systems collect high volumes of data that can provide valuable information about energy consumption. Electric companies can now use historical data to make informed decisions on energy production by forecasting the expected demand. Many deep learning models have been proposed to deal with these types of time series forecasting problems. Deep neural networks, such as recurrent or convolutional, can automatically capture complex patterns in time series data and provide accurate predictions. In particular, Temporal Convolutional Networks (TCN) are a specialised architecture that has advantages over recurrent networks for forecasting tasks. TCNs are able to extract long-term patterns using dilated causal convolutions and residual blocks, and can also be more efficient in terms of computation time. In this work, we propose a TCN-based deep learning model to improve the predictive performance in energy demand forecasting. Two energy-related time series with data from Spain have been studied: the national electric demand and the power demand at charging stations for electric vehicles. An extensive experimental study has been conducted, involving more than 1900 models with different architectures and parametrisations. The TCN proposal outperforms the forecasting accuracy of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) recurrent networks, which are considered the state-of-the-art in the field.

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Groß, Renate, and Wolfgang Kaim. "Vierkernige gemischtvalente Mangankomplexe mit reduziertem TCNE oder TCNQ als η4-Brückenliganden." Angewandte Chemie 99, no. 3 (March 1987): 257–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19870990322.

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Colter, Allan K., Charles C. Lai, A. Gregg Parsons, N. Bruce Ramsey, and Gunzi Saito. "Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of N,N′-dimethyl-9,9′-biacridanyl by some π acceptors and a one-electron oxidant." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 2 (February 1, 1985): 445–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v85-073.

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Oxidation of N,N′-dimethyl-9,9′-biacridanyl (DD) has been investigated as a model for single electron transfer (SET)-initiated oxidation of NADH coenzyme models such as N-methylacridan (DH). Oxidants investigated cover a 1010-fold range of reactivity in acetonitrile and include the π acceptors 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ), 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (DCIBQ), p-chloranil (CA), 2,3-dicyanobenzoquinone (DCBQ), 2,3-dicyano-1,4-naphthoquinone (DCNQ), 2,3-dicyano-5-nitro-1,4-naphthoquinone (DCNNQ), 9-dicyanomethylene-2,4,7-trinitrofluorene (DCMTNF), 9-dicyanomethylene-2,4,5,7-tetranitrofluorene (DCMTENF), 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), and tetracyanoethylene (TCNE), and the one-electron oxidant tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)cobalt(III), [Formula: see text] The oxidation product is, in every case, N-methylacridinium ion (D+). A mechanism involving a rate-determining electron transfer with simultaneous fragmentation to D+ and N-methyl-9-acridanyl radical (D•) is proposed. This mechanism is supported by the observed dependence of the rate on oxidant reduction potential, by spin-trapping experiments, by kinetic isotope effects in oxidation of 9,9′-dideuterio-DD, and by substituent effects in oxidation of 2,2′- and 3,3′-dimethoxy-DD. The rate of oxidation of DD relative to that of DH is 3.4 × 102 with [Formula: see text] and with the π acceptors varies from ea. 0.3 (BQ) to 8.1 × 104 (DCMTENF). The results rule out a SET-initiated mechanism for oxidation of DH by all of the oxidants studied except TCNQ and DCMTENF.

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Winter, H., M. Kelemen, E. Dormann, R. Gompper, R. Janner, S. Kothrade, and B. Wagner. "Characterisation of New Organic Ligand-Based Magnets: [MNTTP] [TCNE] and [MNTTP][TCNQ]." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 273, no. 1 (November 1995): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10587259508031847.

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Usov, Pavel M., Henry Jiang, Hubert Chevreau, Vanessa K. Peterson, Chanel F. Leong, and Deanna M. D’Alessandro. "Guest–Host Complexes of TCNQ and TCNE with Cu3(1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate)2." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 121, no. 47 (November 15, 2017): 26330–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b07807.

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Sauer, Joachim, Jürgen Bendig, and Manfred Siegmund. "Charge-transfer-Anregungsenergien von TCNE- und TCNQ-Komplexen und Ionisierungspotentiale substituierter Anthracene." Zeitschrift für Chemie 17, no. 8 (September 1, 2010): 308–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zfch.19770170822.

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Maley, Steven M., Crystal Esau, and Robert C. Mawhinney. "The electron affinities of TCNE and TCNQ: the effect of silicon substitution." Structural Chemistry 30, no. 1 (October 16, 2018): 289–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11224-018-1186-1.

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Journal articles on the topic 'TCNZ'

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