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Journal articles on the topic 'TCA'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Harfouche, Tieme Breternitz, Ana Paula Dalla Corte, Marieli Ruza, and Alexandre Behling. "USO DE APLICATIVOS EM SMARTPHONE PARA MEDIÇÕES DE ÁRVORES." BIOFIX Scientific Journal 4, no. 1 (January 6, 2019): 07. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/biofix.v4i1.62532.

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Este trabalho visou verificar a precisão de aplicativos de smartphone para medir indiretamente a altura de árvores e a distância entre o operador e a árvore. Como testemunha para medir altura, adotou-se o Hipsômetro Vertex IV (T0a) e, para distância, a variável medida com trena (T0b). Foram selecionadas 30 árvores isoladas do Campus da Universidade Federal do Paraná em Curitiba - PR e 30 árvores pertencentes à um plantio de Eucalyptus sp. na Fazenda Experimental Canguiri em Pinhais – PR. Foram 7 tratamentos testados para altura: Smart Measure (T1a), sMeasure (T2a), Distance meter (T3a), Hypsometer (T4a), 3D-Prumo (T5a), Height and Distance (T6a) e Tree-H (T7a). Foram 8 tratamentos para medir distância: Smart Measure (T1b), sMeasure (T2b), Distance meter (T3b), Hypsometer (T4b), 3D-Prumo (T5b), Height and Distance (T6b), Easy Measure (T7b) e Smart Distance (T8b). Avaliou-se a precisão dos aplicativos com o teste t de Student pareado com 5% de significância em relação às testemunhas e cálculo dos erros. Para altura em árvores isoladas, o tratamento T2a apresentou diferença estatística a probabilidade de 5%. O tratamento T6a obteve menor erro (2,48 m). No plantio de Eucalyptus sp., os tratamentos T1a, T6a e T7a apresentaram diferenças significativas e T3a obteve menor erro (2,99 m). Para a medição de distância em árvores isoladas, os tratamentos T4b e T6b não apresentaram diferença e T4b apresentou menor erro (2,28 m). No plantio, todos apresentaram diferença estatística. A incorporação de aplicativos para smartphones é alternativa para uso em inventários florestais para alturas. Para distâncias, deve-se ter cautela.
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2

Arty, Indyah Sulistyo. "SYNTHESIZE AND CITOTOXICITY TEST OF SEVERAL COMPOUNDS OF MONO PARA-HIDROXY CHALCON." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 10, no. 1 (June 21, 2010): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21489.

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Five compounds of mono para-hidroxy chalcon were synthesized (TC1, TC2, TC3, TC4, and TC5) and tested their cytotoxicity against HeLa cell and Raji cell. The difference in substituent of TC1 (R4 =H), TC2 (R4 = OCH3), and TC3 (R4 = F), showed the difference of their citotoxicity against HeLa cell. The citotoxicity of TC1 (LC50 = 16.08 µg/mL) ≈ TC3 (LC50 = 13.37 µg/mL), but the substituent difference of TC2 (LC50 = 147.43 µg/mL), decreasing it citotoxicity 10 times. Like wise their citotoxicity against Raji cell of TC1 (LC50 = 36.44 µg/mL) ≈ TC3 (LC50 = 30.46 µg/mL), but the substituent difference of TC2 (LC50 = 468.94 µg/mL), decreasing it citotoxicity activity 15 times. Nevertheless the strength of citotoxicity TC4 (LC50 = 98.74 µg/mL) and TC5 (LC50 = 110.97 µg/mL) against Raji cell are stronger than the citotoxicity of two of them against HeLa cell (LC50 of TC4 = none, LC50 of TC5 = 576.53 µg/mL). Keywords: mono para-hidroxy chalcon, HeLa cell, Raji cell, citotoxicity activity
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3

Uruilal, Costanza, Abraham Talahaturuson, Wihelmina Rumahlewang, and Jogeneis Patty. "ISOLASI Trichoderma spp. DAN DAYA ANTAGONISMENYA TERHADAP SCLEROTIUM ROLFSII SACC. PENYEBAB PENYAKIT LAYU PADA TANAMAN CABAI (Capsicum anuum) SECARA IN-VITRO." JURNAL BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN 13, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/jbdp.2017.13.2.64.

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The objective of this study is to isolation and agonistic test ability of Trichoderma spp. againts Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. cause of wilting on pepper plants and has been conducted in Pathogenicity Laboratory Faculty of Agriculture Unpatti. The study use 5 treatment of isolate Trichoderma spp. (Tc3, Tc4, Tc5, Tc6 and Tc7) with 3 replications so that there are 15 experimental units. The results showed that the five isolates Trichoderma spp. has an antagonistic power to S. rolfsii with an average percentage of inhibition of S. rolfsii of 26,01%. Percentage of inhibition bolth of isolate ware not significantly different at 95% level test results between treatment. Average percentage inhibition of S. rolfsii by Trichoderma spp. each treatment was Tc6 = 27,31%, Tc3 = 26,63%, Tc5 = 26,05%, Tc7 = 25,69% and Tc4 = 24,37%. Keywords: antagonism, Trichoderma spp., Sclerotium rolfsii Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan mengisolasi dan menguji kemampuan antagonis Trichoderma spp. terhadap Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. penyebab layu pada tanaman cabai dan telah dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Patogenisitas Fakultas Pertanian Unpatti, dengan menggunakan 5 perlakuan isolat Trichoderma spp. (Tc3, Tc4, Tc5, Tc6 dan Tc7) dengan 3 ulangan sehingga terdapat 15 satuan percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelima isolat Trichoderma sp. mempunyai daya antagonis terhadap S. rolfsii dengan rata-rata persentase penghambatan S. rolfsii sebesar 26%. Hasil analisis varians pada taraf 95% menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan nyata antara perlakuan. Rata-rata persentase penghambatan S. rolfsii oleh Trichoderma spp. masing-masing perlakuan berturut-turut adalah Tc6 = 27,31%, Tc3 = 26,63%, Tc5 = 26,05%, Tc7 = 25,69% dan Tc4 = 24,37%, dengan rata-rata 26,01%. Kata kunci: antagonisme, Trichoderma spp., Sclerotium rolfsii
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4

Gibala, Martin J., Dave A. MacLean, Terry E. Graham, and Bengt Saltin. "Tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate pool size and estimated cycle flux in human muscle during exercise." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 275, no. 2 (August 1, 1998): E235—E242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1998.275.2.e235.

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We examined the relationship between tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediate (TCAI) pool size, TCA cycle flux (calculated from leg O2uptake), and pyruvate dehydrogenase activity (PDHa) in human skeletal muscle. Six males performed moderate leg extensor exercise for 10 min, followed immediately by intense exercise until exhaustion (3.8 ± 0.5 min). The sum of seven measured TCAI (ΣTCAI) increased ( P ≤ 0.05) from 1.39 ± 0.11 at rest to 2.88 ± 0.31 after 10 min and to 5.38 ± 0.31 mmol/kg dry wt at exhaustion. TCA cycle flux increased ∼70-fold during submaximal exercise and was ∼100-fold higher than rest at exhaustion. PDHa corresponded to 77 and 90% of TCA cycle flux during submaximal and maximal exercise, respectively. The present data demonstrate that a tremendous increase in TCA cycle flux can occur in skeletal muscle despite a relatively small change in TCAI pool size. It is suggested that the increase in ΣTCAI during exercise may primarily reflect an imbalance between the rate of pyruvate production and its rate of oxidation in the TCA cycle.
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5

Hohmann, Uwe, Winfried Busch, Katia Badaeva, Bernd Friebe, and Bikram S. Gill. "Molecular cytogenetic analysis of Agropyron chromatin specifying resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus in wheat." Genome 39, no. 2 (April 1, 1996): 336–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g96-044.

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Nine families of bread wheat (TC5, TC6, TC7, TC8, TC9, TC10, TC14, 5395-(243AA), and 5395) with resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus and containing putative translocations between wheat and a group 7 chromosome of Agropyron intermedium (L1 disomic addition line, 7Ai#1 chromosome) induced by homoeologous pairing or tissue culture were analyzed. C-banding, genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in combination with repetitive Agropyron-specific sequences and deletion mapping in wheat were used to determine the relative locations of the translocation breakpoints and the size of the transferred alien chromatin segments in hexaploid wheat–Agropyron translocation lines. All homoeologous compensating lines had complete 7Ai#1 or translocated 7Ai#1–7D chromosomes that substitute for chromosome 7D. Two complete 7Ai#1 (7D) substitution lines (5395-(243AA) and 5395), one T1BS–7Ai#1S∙7Ai#1L addition line (TC7), and two different translocation types, T7DS–7Ai#1S∙7Ai#1L (TC5, TC6, TC8, TC9, and TC10) and T7DS∙7DL–7Ai#1L (TC14), substituting for chromosome 7D were identified. The substitution line 5395-(243AA) had a reciprocal T1BS∙1BL–4BS/T1BL–4BS∙4BL translocation. TC14 has a 6G (6B) substitution. The RFLP data from deletion mapping studies in wheat using 37 group 7 clones provided 10 molecular tagged chromosome regions for homoeologous and syntenic group 7 wheat or Agropyron chromosomes. Together with GISH we identified three different sizes of the transferred Agropyron chromosome segments with approximate breakpoints at fraction length (FL) 0.33 in the short arm of chromosome T7DS–7Ai#1S∙7Ai#1L (TC5, TC6, TC8, TC9, and TC10) and another at FL 0.37 of the nonhomoeologous translocated chromosome T1BS–7Ai#1S∙7Ai#1L (TC7). One breakpoint was identified in the long arm of chromosome T7DS∙7DL–7Ai#1L (TC14) at FL 0.56. We detected some nonreciprocal translocations for the most proximal region of the chromosome arm of 7DL, which resulted in small duplications. Key words : C-banding, genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), physical mapping, translocation mapping, RFLP analysis.
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6

Constantin-Teodosiu, Dumitru, Elizabeth J. Simpson, and Paul L. Greenhaff. "The importance of pyruvate availability to PDC activation and anaplerosis in human skeletal muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 276, no. 3 (March 1, 1999): E472—E478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1999.276.3.e472.

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No studies have singularly investigated the relationship between pyruvate availability, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) activation, and anaplerosis in skeletal muscle. This is surprising given the functional importance attributed to these processes in normal and disease states. We investigated the effects of changing pyruvate availability with dichloroacetate (DCA), epinephrine, and pyruvate infusions on PDC activation and accumulation of acetyl groups and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates (TCAI) in human muscle. DCA increased resting PDC activity sixfold ( P < 0.05) but decreased the muscle TCAI pool (mmol/kg dry muscle) from 1.174 ± 0.042 to 0.747 ± 0.055 ( P < 0.05). This was probably a result of pyruvate being diverted to acetyl-CoA and acetylcarnitine after near-maximal activation of PDC by DCA. Conversely, neither epinephrine nor pyruvate activated PDC. However, both increased the TCAI pool (1.128 ± 0.076 to 1.614 ± 0.188, P < 0.05 and 1.098 ± 0.059 to 1.385 ± 0.114, P < 0.05, respectively) by providing a readily available pool of pyruvate for anaplerosis. These data support the hypothesis that TCAI pool expansion is principally a reflection of increased muscle pyruvate availability and, together with our previous work (J. A. Timmons, S. M. Poucher, D. Constantin-Teodosiu, V. Worrall, I. A. Macdonald, and P. L. Greenhaff. J. Clin. Invest. 97: 879–883, 1996), indicate that TCA cycle expansion may be of little functional significance to TCA cycle flux. It would appear therefore that the primary effect of DCA on oxidative ATP provision is to provide a readily available pool of acetyl groups to the TCA cycle at the onset of exercise rather than increasing TCA cycle flux by expanding the TCAI pool.
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7

Diamond, John M. "TCA Toxicity." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 32, no. 6 (November 1993): 1307–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199311000-00031.

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8

Dick, William F., and Jason B. Hack. "TCA overdose." Annals of Emergency Medicine 33, no. 6 (June 1999): 723–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0644(99)80017-1.

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9

Migdał-Mikuli, Anna, and Elżbieta Szostak. "Phase Polymorphism of [Mn(DMSO)6](ClO4)2 Studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 60, no. 4 (April 1, 2005): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2005-0413.

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Abstract Six solid phases of [Mn(DMSO)6](ClO4)2 have been detected by differential scanning calorimetry. The phase transitions were found between the following solid phases: stable KIc ↔ stable KIb at TC5 = 225 K, metastable KIII ↔ metastable KII at TC4 = 322 K, stable KIb ↔ stable KIa at TC3 = 365 K, metastable KII↔overcooled K0 at TC2 = 376 K and stable KIa→stable K0 at TC1 = 379 K. The title compound melts at Tm = 488 K.
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10

Li, Sheng-You, Ze-Kun Sun, Xue-Yi Zeng, Yue Zhang, Meng-Ling Wang, Sheng-Cao Hu, Jun-Rong Song, et al. "Potent Cytotoxicity of Novel L-Shaped Ortho-Quinone Analogs through Inducing Apoptosis." Molecules 24, no. 22 (November 15, 2019): 4138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24224138.

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Twenty-seven L-shaped ortho-quinone analogs were designed and synthesized using a one pot double-radical synthetic strategy followed by removing methyl at C-3 of the furan ring and introducing a diverse side chain at C-2 of the furan ring. The synthetic derivatives were investigated for their cytotoxicity activities against human leukemia cells K562, prostate cancer cells PC3, and melanoma cells WM9. Compounds TB1, TB3, TB4, TB6, TC1, TC3, TC5, TC9, TC11, TC12, TC14, TC15, TC16, and TC17 exhibited a better broad-spectrum cytotoxicity on three cancer cells. TB7 and TC7 selectively displayed potent inhibitory activities on leukemia cells K562 and prostate cancer cells PC3, respectively. Further studies indicated that TB3, TC1, TC3, TC7, and TC17 could significantly induce the apoptosis of PC3 cells. TC1 and TC17 significantly induced apoptosis of K562 cells. TC1, TC11, and TC14 induced significant apoptosis of WM9 cells. The structure-activity relationships evaluation showed that removing methyl at C-3 of the furan ring and introducing diverse side chains at C-2 of the furan ring is an effective strategy for improving the anticancer activity of L-shaped ortho-quinone analogs.
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11

Black, E. R. "Trichloroacetic Acid Ingestion: Self-Harm Attempt." Case Reports in Psychiatry 2017 (2017): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3701012.

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Objective. Trichloroacetic acid (TCAA), or trichloroethanoic acid, is a chemical analogue of acetic acid where three methyl group hydrogen atoms are replaced by chlorine. TCAAs are also abbreviated and referred to as TCAs, causing confusion with the psychiatric antidepressant drug class, especially among patients. TCAAs exist in dermatological treatments such as chemical peels or wart chemoablation medication. TCAA ingestion or overdose can cause gastric irritation symptoms including vomiting, diarrhea, or lassitude. This symptomatology is less severe than TCA overdose, where symptoms may include elevated body temperature, blurred vision, dilated pupils, sleepiness, confusion, seizures, rapid heart rate, and cardiac arrest. Owing to the vast difference in symptoms, the need for clinical intervention differs greatly. While overdose of either in a self-harm attempt can warrant psychiatric hospital admission, the risk of death in TCAA ingestion is far less. Case Report. A patient ingested TCAA in the form of a commercially available dermatological chemical peel as a self-harm attempt, thinking that it was a more injurious TCA. Conclusion. Awareness among physicians, particularly psychiatrists, regarding this relatively obscure chemical compound (TCAA) and its use by suicidal patients mistakenly believing it to be a substance that can be significantly more lethal (TCA), is imperative.
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12

Ajani, Emmanuel Kolawole, Olugbenga Orisasona, Oladeji Kazeem Kareem, Friday Elijah Osho, Aminat Omosalewa Adeyemo, Bamidele Oluwarotimi Omitoyin, and Abimbola Olumide Adekanmbi. "Growth Performance, Gut Ecology, Immunocompetence and Resistance of Oreochromis niloticus Juveniles Fed Dietary Curcumin longa." Croatian Journal of Fisheries 78, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cjf-2020-0014.

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AbstractThe growth, gut ecology and immunocompetence of Oreochromis niloticus and the resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila were investigated after been fed with diets containing dietary Curcumin longa for 12 weeks. Diets were formulated to contain 30% crude protein with diet TC1, TC2, TC3, TC4 and TC5 having 0% (control), 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1.0% turmeric powder, respectively. Diets were allotted to groups of O. niloticus (mean weight of 1.29± 0.15 g) and replicated thrice for 84 days. Results showed that the highest mean final weight (4.79±0.04 g) was obtained in TC3 and corresponded to the treatment with the highest feed intake. A significantly high (p<0.05) specific growth rate (SGR) was observed in TC3 (0.73±0.03 %day−1) while TC4 (0.57±0.02 %day−1) gave the lowest value. The highest microbial load in the gut was observed in TC1 groups and the least in TC4 groups. Red blood cell count, hemoglobin, packed cell volume did not show significant variation (p>0.05) across treatments. However, white blood cell (WBC) count was significantly higher in TC1 (control). There was an improved immunocompetence, as aspartate aminotransferase (AST) progressively reduces in fish fed supplements. Similarly, there was a better oxidative response in the treated groups with reduced hydrogen peroxidase, increased total protein and glutathione peroxidase. Mortality ranged from 25% in TC4 to 95% in TC1 after the challenge test with A. hydrophila. This study showed that C. longa inclusion at 0.5% is more beneficial when growth and health status of O. niloticus juveniles are considered.
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13

March, John S., Richard L. Moon, and Hugh Johnston. "Fluoxetine-TCA Interaction." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 29, no. 6 (November 1990): 985–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199011000-00033.

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14

Kulig, Kenneth W. "TCA cardiac toxicity." Annals of Emergency Medicine 16, no. 1 (January 1987): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0644(87)80344-x.

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15

CHIARELLO, STEPHEN E., BARRY I. RESNIK, and SORREL S. RESNIK. "The TCA Masque." Dermatologic Surgery 22, no. 8 (August 1996): 687–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4725.1996.tb00618.x.

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16

Kang, Changyu, Jaejeong Kim, Sanghyun Ju, Heeyeong Cho, Hyun Young Kim, In-Soo Yoon, Jin-Wook Yoo, and Yunjin Jung. "Colon-Targeted Trans-Cinnamic Acid Ameliorates Rat Colitis by Activating GPR109A." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15010041.

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We designed colon-targeted trans-cinnamic acid (tCA) and synthesized its conjugates with glutamic acid (tCA-GA) and aspartic acid (tCA-AA). We evaluated the anti-colitic activity of colon-targeted tCA using a dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced rat colitis model. The conjugates lowered the distribution coefficient and Caco-2 cell permeability of tCA and converted to tCA in the cecum, with higher rates and percentages with tCA-GA than with tCA-AA. Following oral gavage, tCA-GA delivered a higher amount of tCA to the cecum and exhibited better anti-colitic effects than tCA and sulfasalazine (SSZ), which is the current treatment for inflammatory bowel disease. In the cellular assay, tCA acted as a full agonist of GPR109A (EC50: 530 µM). The anti-colitic effects of tCA-GA were significantly compromised by the co-administration of the GPR109A antagonist, mepenzolate. Collectively, colon-targeted tCA potentiated the anti-colitic activity of tCA by effectively activating GPR109A in the inflamed colon, enabling tCA to elicit therapeutic superiority over SSZ.
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17

Zaleski, J., G. Bator, and R. Jakubas. "Dielectric Properties and Characterisation of the Superionic Phase of [C(NH2)3]2SbCl5*[C(NH2)3]Cl (GHCA)." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 50, no. 9 (September 1, 1995): 888–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1995-0916.

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GHCA undergoes four phase transitions at Tc1 = 402 K, Tc2 = 373 K, Tc3 = 162 K, and Tc4 = 146 K. Below Tc3 it possesses pyroelectric properties with the spontaneous polarization vector (Ps) in the ac plane and the maximum along the c axis equal to 8 μC/m2. Dielectric dispersion studies of GHCA show that the main dielectric dispersion connected probably with collective motions of chlorine ions is above 1GHz. For the phase transition at Tc2 to a superionic phase the thermal dilatation and electric conductivity were measured. The anomalies of the electric conductivity at Tc2 and Tc1 were observed with large values of σ(10-3 S/m) above Tc3. The guanidinium cations above Tc2, besides reorientational motions, undergo slow self diffusion.
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18

Tominaga, Takumi, Kan Kobayashi, Ryohei Ishii, Ryuichiro Ishitani, and Osamu Nureki. "Structure ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaemitochondrial Qri7 in complex with AMP." Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology Communications 70, no. 8 (July 23, 2014): 1009–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053230x14014046.

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N6-Threonylcarbamoyladenosine (t6A) is a modified tRNA base required for accuracy in translation. Qri7 is localized in yeast mitochondria and is involved in t6A biosynthesis. In t6A biosynthesis, threonylcarbamoyl-adenylate (TCA) is synthesized from threonine, bicarbonate and ATP, and the threonyl-carbamoyl group is transferred to adenine 37 of tRNA by Qri7. Qri7 alone is sufficient to catalyze the second step of the reaction, whereas the Qri7 homologues YgjD (in bacteria) and Kae1 (in archaea and eukaryotes) function as parts of multi-protein complexes. In this study, the crystal structure of Qri7 complexed with AMP (a part of TCA) has been determined at 2.94 Å resolution in a new crystal form. The manner of AMP recognition is similar, with some minor variations, among the Qri7/Kae1/YgjD family proteins. The previously reported dimer formation was also observed in this new crystal form. Furthermore, a comparison with the structure of TobZ, which catalyzes a similar reaction to t6A biosynthesis, revealed the presence of a flexible loop that may be involved in tRNA binding.
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19

van Ooij, Christiaan. "TCA signals a switch." Nature Reviews Microbiology 8, no. 9 (September 2010): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2434.

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20

Oesterheld, Jessica. "TCA CARDIOTOXICITY: THE LATEST." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 35, no. 6 (June 1996): 701–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199606000-00006.

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21

Meyer, Michele C., Henrietta L. Leonard, Albert J. Allen, Susan E. Swedo, Judith Rapoport, Daniel Richter, Susan D. Hamburger, and Eben Tucker. "TCA CARDIOTOXICITY: THE LATEST." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 35, no. 6 (June 1996): 702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199606000-00007.

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22

LETESSIER, S. "S037 The TCA Mask." Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 9 (September 1997): S13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-9959(97)88880-0.

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23

Fell, D. A. "Teaching the TCA cycle." Biochemical Education 14, no. 4 (October 1986): 173–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0307-4412(86)90208-6.

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24

Hollenstein, Ch, B. P. Duval, T. Dudok de Wit, B. Joye, H. J. Künzli, P. Oelhafen, R. Zehringer, R. Hauert, and E. M. Moser. "Cold boronisation in TCA." Journal of Nuclear Materials 176-177 (December 1990): 343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(90)90070-4.

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25

Heard, Kennon, Richard C. Dart, Gregory Bogdan, Gerald F. O'Malley, Keith K. Burkhart, J. Ward Donovan, and Suzanne B. Ward. "A Preliminary Study of Tricyclic Antidepressant (TCA) Ovine FAB for TCA Toxicity." Clinical Toxicology 44, no. 3 (January 2006): 275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15563650600584428.

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26

Rom, Curt R., and Renae E. Moran. "RELATIONSHIPS OF LEAF AREA AND TRUNK DIAMETER OF APPLE TREES AFFECTED BY ROOTSTOCK AN D CULTIVAR." HortScience 27, no. 11 (November 1992): 1169c—1169. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.11.1169c.

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Trunk cross-sectional area (TCA) has been used to estimate leaf area (LA) and yield efficiency but variation in LA and TCA relationships have been unexplored. LA and TCA of 10-yr-old 'Starkspur Supreme Delicious' on 9 rootstocks (STKs) were measured in 1989. LA and TCA of 2-yr-old trees of 3 cultivars (CVs) on 5 STKs were measured in 1991. Regression of LA and TCA was performed for each CV, STK and each CV/STK. On mature trees, LA varied significantly with STK. The number and LA of shoot leaves (LVS) and spur LVS varied with STK but the % of total was not significantly different (approx. 52% spur LVS). The relationships of LA and TCA were linear for mature (r2=.94) and young (r2=.44) trees. On young trees, TCA varied with CV, but LA did not. Both LA and TCA were significantly different among STKs. The linear relationships of LA and TCA had unique intercepts with each CV, STK and CV/STK combination but slopes were not significantly different. Leaf area of Jonagold' and 'Gala' tended to increase more with increasing TCA than 'Empire'.
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Latifzadeh, S. Z., M. Salimi, M. Naghnaeian, and V. Entezari. "Dose-dense (DD) two-weekly docetaxel/doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide (TAC) with G-CSF support compared to standard adjuvant TAC in breast cancer patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 11052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.11052.

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11052 Background: TAC confers a significant disease free and overall survival benefits vs. FAC for patients with node positive breast cancer and prophylactic use of G-CSF is a reasonable supportive therapy to minimize myelosuppresive complications of this regimen. DD scheduling has shown improved clinical outcomes in breast cancer therapy. This study is trying to compare toxicities and tolerability of DD TAC with G-CSF support with TAC every 3 wks supported with G-CSF. Methods: Thirty seven patients were enrolled during the period 1/04 to 1/06. Cohort A (N=25) received six cycles of TAC (75/50/500 mg/m2 every 3 wks) plus GCSF started on day 5 and Cohort B (N=12) received six cycles of TAC (75/50/500 mg/m2 every 2 wks) plus GCSF started on day 2. All patients had normal cardiac, renal and liver function. Toxicities were evaluated by clinical assessment, CBC and liver function tests. Results: The incidence of febrile neutropenia was 15.8% and 16.7% in cohort A and B respectively (RR =1.06, 95% CI = 0.20–5.42). Grade III/IV anemia was detected in 5.3% of cohort A patients and 8.0 % of cohort B patients (RR=1.58, 95% CI=0.10–22.99). Ten percent of cohort A patients developed stomatitis grade III/IV while none of cohort B patients had this toxicity (RR=1.06, 95% CI = 0.94–1.17). Hospitalization due to chemotherapy complications (mainly neutropenia) in cohort A and B were 5.3% and 8.3% (RR =1.58, 95%CI = 0.10–22.99). Conclusions: DD two weekly TCA was reported to be feasible in patients with stage II - III breast cancer (Margolis et al. JCO, 2005). This study shows that DD TCA plus G-CSF has comparable toxicity profile with standard TCA regimen with shorter treatment period.
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Sabogal-Vargas, Ana María, Juan Wilson-Krugg, Walter Rojas-Villacorta, Magaly De La Cruz-Noriega, Nelida Milly Otiniano, Segundo Rojas-Flores, and Karol Mendoza-Villanueva. "In Vitro Compatibility of Three Native Isolates of Trichoderma with the Insecticide Chlorpyrifos." Applied Sciences 13, no. 2 (January 6, 2023): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13020811.

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The compatibility between biocontrol agents and pesticides seems to be a sustainable control strategy in agriculture. Therefore, the in vitro compatibility of three native isolates of Trichoderma was evaluated in three concentrations of chlorpyrifos (960, 1200, and 1440 mg/L), by determining the effect on spore germination, mycelial growth, and the antagonistic capacity. The isolates correspond to Trichoderma asperellum TCA 3, Trichoderma asperellum TCA 21 and Trichoderma harzianum TCA 23. Both spore germination and mycelial growth were performed using the poisoned medium method, while the antagonistic capacity was evaluated against Botrytis sp. in a dual culture. The results showed that TCA 21 strain had a higher germination percentage (79.46, 59.79, and 37.43%) than the TCA 3 and TCA 23 strains, in the three concentrations of chlorpyrifos. Regarding the mycelial growth of the three native strains in chlorpyrifos are affected when concentration of chlorpyrifos increase (p < 0.05). Finally, the antagonistic capacity of the three strains was not affected by any concentration of chlorpyrifos, where strains TCA 21 and TCA 23 presented a degree of antagonism of one, while TCA 3 presented a degree of two, according to the scale used by Bell. In conclusion, T. asperellum TCA 21 was the one that presented the best in vitro compatibility with chlorpyrifos at concentrations of 960 and 1200 mg/L, compared to T. asperellum TCA 3 and TCA 23. These results are favorable for field application since these native strains can also have the ability to degrade the insecticide, representing a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to the environment.
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Wang, Benji, Yuqiang Gong, Binyu Ying, and Bihuan Cheng. "Association of Initial Serum Total Calcium Concentration with Mortality in Critical Illness." BioMed Research International 2018 (June 26, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7648506.

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Background. Several studies have suggested that serum ionized calcium (iCa) is associated with mortality in critical illness. However, evidence regarding the predictive significance of serum total calcium (tCa) in critical illness remains scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the association of tCa levels with mortality in critical illness. Methods. We employed the MIMIC-III v1.3 database. tCa was measured upon ICU admission and its relationship with mortality was determined using smooth curve fitting. The association between admission tCa levels and hospital mortality was determined using logistic regression. Results. Inclusion criteria were met by 44,886 critically ill patients. A U-shaped pattern was observed between tCa and hospital mortality. Similar trends were observed for hospital mortality when quintiles were used to group patients according to tCa. In multivariate analysis, adjusted for age and sex, the model indicated that admission tCa levels ⩽7.6mg/dl, 7.7-8.1mg/dl, and ⩾9.0mg/dl were associated with an increase in mortality when compared to the reference level (8.6-9.0mg/dl). However, adjusted for more clinical characteristics, tCa was not associated with hospital mortality. Conclusions. The relationship between tCa and hospital mortality followed a ‘‘U’’ shaped curve. tCa had certain prognostic value in critically ill patients, but it had no independent association with hospital mortality.
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Dianat, Saied, Mohammd-Reza Zarei, Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam, Neda Rashidi-Ranjbar, Reza Rahimian, and Mohammad R. Rasouli. "Tricyclic antidepressants intoxication in Tehran, Iran: Epidemiology and associated factors." Human & Experimental Toxicology 30, no. 4 (May 20, 2010): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327110371701.

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Background: Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) intoxication contributes a large number of drug toxicities with serious complications. There are a few studies about factors associated with TCA intoxication. This study therefore aimed to identify determinants of this type of intoxication. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at Loghman-Hakim Poison Hospital during a 6-month period. All poisoned patients aged >12 years presented to this hospital during the mentioned period were evaluated. Then, TCA-poisoned patients were compared with other drug intoxications as the control group to determine factors associated with TCA intoxications. Results: There were 9809 admissions, of which 1583 (16.1%) patients including 601 (38%) males were intoxicated with TCAs. Mean age of the subjects was 26.5 + 10 years. Most of the TCA intoxications (74.4%) were intentional (p = 0.01). Amitriptyline was the most frequent agent followed by Nortriptyline. There was no significant difference between TCA and non-TCA intoxications regarding the mortality (1.3% in TCA vs. 1.1% in others, p = 0.45). Logistic regression analysis revealed that sex, addiction status, and history of psychological problems have association with TCA intoxication. Conclusions: The results of this study are helpful in identifying individuals who are prone to TCA intoxication and may be useful in implementation of preventive strategies.
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Yaraghi, Ahmad, Nastaran Eizadi-Mood, Maryam Katani, Shadi Farsaei, Mahrang Hedaiaty, Seyyed Mohammad Mahdy Mirhosseini, Elham Beheshtian, and Ali Mohammad Sabzghabaee. "Arterial Blood Gas Analysis and the Outcome of Treatment in Tricyclic Antidepressants Poisoned Patients with Benzodiazepine Coingestion." Anesthesiology Research and Practice 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/232401.

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Background. Poisoning with tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) is still a major concern for emergency physicians and intensivists. Concomitant ingestion of other psychoactive drugs especially benzodiazepines with TCAs may make this clinical situation more complex. This study aimed to compare the arterial blood gas (ABG) values and the outcome of treatment in patients with coingestion of TCA and benzodiazepine (TCA + BZD) poisoning and TCA poisoning alone.Methods. In this cross-sectional study which was carried out in a tertiary care university hospital in Iran, clinical and paraclinical characteristics of one hundred forty TCA only or TCA + BZD poisoned patients (aged 18–40 years) were evaluated. ABG analysis was done on admission in both groups. Outcomes were considered as survival with or without complication (e.g., intubation) and the frequency of TCA poisoning complications.Results. Arterial pH was significantly lower in TCA + BZD poisoning group compared with TCA only poisoning group (7.34 ± 0.08 and 7.38 ± 0.08, resp.;P=0.02). However, other complications such as seizure, and the need for the endotracheal intubation were not significantly different. All patients in both groups survived.Conclusions. Concomitant TCA plus BZD poisoning may make the poisoned patients prone to a lower arterial pH level on hospital admission which may potentially increases the risk of cardiovascular complications in TCA poisoning.
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CESSNA, A. J., and J. H. HUNTER. "EFFECT OF TCA ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH 2,4-D ON WHEAT: CROP TOLERANCE AND TCA RESIDUES IN WHEAT." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 65, no. 4 (October 1, 1985): 1039–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps85-133.

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The tolerance of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to TCA (trichloroacetic acid) applied alone and tank-mixed with 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] was assessed in weed-free field plots for three seasons. Under weed-free conditions, the interaction of 2,4-D with TCA was not significant and thus the tolerance of wheat to TCA was not increased by the addition of 2,4-D. Plant height and kernel weight decreased with increasing rates of TCA. The number of culms headed increased with increasing rates of TCA; however, grain yield, as well as germination and plant dry weight were not affected by any TCA treatment. Residues of 2,4-D were not detected in the grain and straw at the limit of detection of the analytical method (0.05 ppm). In contrast, 1.0 and 0.79 ppm of TCA remained in the grain and straw, respectively, for the 1.12 kg/ha rate. Milling substantially reduced TCA residues originally in the treated grain, such that residues in the bran and flour were 0.25 and 0.11 ppm, respectively, for the 1.12 kg/ha rate. After baking the flour into bread, TCA residues were not detected at the limit of detection of the analytical method (0.05 ppm).Key words: TCA, 2,4-D, wheat, crop tolerance, residues
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Lustig, Ana, Ty’Keemi Manor, Yu-Tsueng Liu, Guixin Shi, and Nan-ping Weng. "Anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies conjugated with lipid microbubbles (MB-TAC) provide a superior expansion of human naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in long term culture." Journal of Immunology 204, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2020): 78.20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.78.20.

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Abstract Anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies are a method of choice for general and physiological activation of human primary T cells in vitro. Here we report a comparison of the growth, cell death, and cytokine production of anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies conjugated with lipid microbubbles (MB-TCA) and the standard Dynal beads (D-TCA). In 56-day cultures with three repeated stimulation cycles (14 days per stimulation), we found that MB-TCA induced a significantly better expansion (~20-fold increase) of naïve CD4 and CD8 T cells than did D-TCA. We found the main difference between MB-TCA and D-TCA was not the speed of activation-induced initial T cell proliferation but rather the survival of activated T cells. Furthermore, we found that MB-TCA activated T cells had a better telomere length maintenance and produced less TNFα and other cytokines than did D-TCA. Finally, blocking TNFα action via antibody against TNFRSF1A significantly improved expansion of T cells activated by D-TCA in vitro. Together, we demonstrated that MB-TCA offers a better expansion of primary human T cells in vitro and will be a useful method for long term culture of primary human T cells for both basic and clinical applications.
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Molina-Ruiz, Rosa M., Íñigo Alberdi-Páramo, María De Castro Oller, Noelia Gutiérrez Fernández, José Luis Carrasco Perera, and Marina Díaz-Marsá. "Personality in patients with eating disorders depending on the presence/absence of comorbidity with borderline personality disorder / Personalidad en pacientes con trastorno alimentario en función de la presencia/ausencia de comorbilidad con trastorno límite de la personalidad." Revista Mexicana de Trastornos Alimentarios/Mexican Journal of Eating Disorders 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fesi.20071523e.2019.1.494.

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Abstract Studies on comorbidity between eating disorders (ED) and personality disorders yield rates of 20-80%, a condition that makes difficult the diagnosis and complicates prognosis, especially regarding their comorbidity with borderline personality disorder (BPD). The objective of this study was to assess whether pathological personality alterations make it possible to distinguish not only between different types of ED, but also in terms of their comorbidity with BPD. Participants included 29 patients with ED, 10 with comorbid ED with BPD (EDc), 27 with BPD and 22 healthy controls, who completed the Millon Multiaxial Clinical Inventory (MCMI-II), and two other measures, one on impulsivity and other aimed at assess symptoms of bulimia nervosa (BN). The ED group was characterized by greater compulsivity, mainly in the subgroup with anorexia nervosa vs. BPD and EDc groups; however, these last two groups shared many features that show emotional instability, although less that the subgroup with BN. These findings support a continuum of severity in terms of compulsivity-impulsivity, with important etiopathogenic, diagnostic and psychotherapeutic implications.Resumen Los estudios sobre comorbilidad entre los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) y los trastornos de la personalidad reportan tasas del 20-80%, condición que dificulta el diagnóstico y ensombrece el pronóstico, especialmente respecto a su comorbilidad con el trastorno límite de la personalidad (TLP). El objetivo de este estudio fue valorar si las alteraciones patológicas de la personalidad permiten distinguir no solo entre distintos tipos de TCA, sino además en función de su comorbilidad con el TLP. Participaron 29 pacientes con TCA, 10 con TCA comórbido con TLP [TCAc], 27 con TLP y 22 controles sanas, quienes completaron el Inventario Clínico Multiaxial de Millon (MCMI-II) y otras dos medidas, una sobre impulsividad y otra dirigida a evaluar síntomas de bulimia nerviosa (BN). El grupo TCA se caracterizó por mayor compulsividad, principalmente en el caso del subgrupo con anorexia nerviosa vs. los grupos TLP y TCAc; no obstante, estos dos últimos compartieron un amplio número de rasgos indicativos de inestabilidad emocional, y también –aunque en menor medida− con el subgrupo con BN. Los hallazgos apoyan un continuum de gravedad en función de la compulsividad-impulsividad, con importantes implicaciones etiopatogénicas, diagnósticas y psicoterapéuticas.
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Xia, Tianwei, Runzi Gao, Guowei Zhou, Jinzhu Liu, Jinsheng Li, and Jirong Shen. "Trans-Cinnamaldehyde Inhibits IL-1β-Stimulated Inflammation in Chondrocytes by Suppressing NF-κB and p38-JNK Pathways and Exerts Chondrocyte Protective Effects in a Rat Model of Osteoarthritis." BioMed Research International 2019 (May 8, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4039472.

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Objective. Trans-cinnamaldehyde (TCA), a compound from Cinnamomum cassia Presl, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effect. However, its effect on cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis is unclear. This study is designed to examine the effects of TCA on cartilage in vitro and in vivo. Material and Methods. SW1353 cells and human primary chondrocytes were treated with varying concentrations of TCA (2-20 μg/ml) for 2 h followed by IL-1β stimulation. Cell viability was examined by the MTT assay. Expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13, ADAMTS-4, and ADAMTS-5 was examined by Western blot and RT-qPCR. Monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA was established in rats to assess the chondrocyte protective effects of intraperitoneal injection of TCA (50 mg/kg). Results. TCA at a concentration of 10 μg/ml had no significant effect on cell viability. MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13, ADAMTS-4, and ADAMTS-5 were decreased by TCA 2-10 μg/ml in a dose-dependent manner (all P<0.05). Pretreatment with TCA decreased the degradation of IκBα and increased the expression of p-IκBα, indicating that NF-κB inactivation was induced by TCA in IL-1β-stimulated SW1353 cells. Pretreatment with TCA decreased the levels of p-p38 and p-JNK, while the levels of p-ERK were not significantly affected. TCA 10 μg/ml significantly decreased expression levels of MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13, ADAMTS-4, and ADAMTS-5. In vivo results showed that TCA alleviated cartilage destruction and the OARSI scores. Conclusion. TCA possesses anti-inflammatory effect in vitro and exerts chondrocyte protective effects in vivo, in which NF-κB and p38-JNK were involved.
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Kourkoutas, D., Y. M. Buys, J. G. Flanagan, N. Karamaounas, G. Georgopoulos, E. Iliakis, M. M. Moschos, and G. E. Trope. "Clinical Significance of Optic Disc Progression by Topographic Change Analysis Maps in Glaucoma: An 8-Year Follow-Up Study." Journal of Ophthalmology 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/987389.

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Aim. To investigate the ability of Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT3) Topographic Change Analysis (TCA) map to predict the subsequent development of clinical change, in patients with glaucoma.Materials. 61 eyes of 61 patients, which, from a retrospective review were defined as stable on optic nerve head (ONH) stereophotographs and visual field (VF), were enrolled in a prospective study. Eyes were classified as TCA-stable or TCA-progressed based on the TCA map. All patients underwent HRT3, VF, and ONH stereophotography at 9–12 months intervals. Clinical glaucoma progression was determined by masked assessment of ONH stereophotographs and VF Guided Progression Analysis.Results. The median (IQR) total HRT follow-up period was 8.1 (7.3, 9.1) years, which included a median retrospective and prospective follow-up time of 3.9 (3.1, 5.0) and 4.0 (3.5, 4.7) years, respectively. In the TCA-stable eyes, VF and/or photographic progression occurred in 5/13 (38.4%) eyes compared to 11/48 (22.9%) of the TCA-progressed eyes. There was no statistically significant association between TCA progression and clinically relevant (photographic and/or VF) progression (hazard ratio, 1.18;P=0.762). The observed median time to clinical progression from enrollment was significantly shorter in the TCA-progressed group compared to the TCA-stable group (P=0.04).Conclusion. Our results indicate that the commercially available TCA progression criteria do not adequately predict subsequent photographic and/or VF progression.
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McCammon, Mark T., Charles B. Epstein, Beata Przybyla-Zawislak, Lee McAlister-Henn, and Ronald A. Butow. "Global Transcription Analysis of Krebs Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Mutants Reveals an Alternating Pattern of Gene Expression and Effects on Hypoxic and Oxidative Genes." Molecular Biology of the Cell 14, no. 3 (March 2003): 958–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e02-07-0422.

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To understand the many roles of the Krebs tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in cell function, we used DNA microarrays to examine gene expression in response to TCA cycle dysfunction. mRNA was analyzed from yeast strains harboring defects in each of 15 genes that encode subunits of the eight TCA cycle enzymes. The expression of >400 genes changed at least threefold in response to TCA cycle dysfunction. Many genes displayed a common response to TCA cycle dysfunction indicative of a shift away from oxidative metabolism. Another set of genes displayed a pairwise, alternating pattern of expression in response to contiguous TCA cycle enzyme defects: expression was elevated in aconitase and isocitrate dehydrogenase mutants, diminished in α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and succinyl-CoA ligase mutants, elevated again in succinate dehydrogenase and fumarase mutants, and diminished again in malate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase mutants. This pattern correlated with previously defined TCA cycle growth–enhancing mutations and suggested a novel metabolic signaling pathway monitoring TCA cycle function. Expression of hypoxic/anaerobic genes was elevated in α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase mutants, whereas expression of oxidative genes was diminished, consistent with a heme signaling defect caused by inadequate levels of the heme precursor, succinyl-CoA. These studies have revealed extensive responses to changes in TCA cycle function and have uncovered new and unexpected metabolic networks that are wired into the TCA cycle.
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38

Adams, Wesley B., Michael J. Rovito, and Mike Craycraft. "The Connection Between Testicular Cancer, Minority Males, and Planned Parenthood." American Journal of Men's Health 12, no. 5 (July 16, 2018): 1774–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988318786874.

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Testicular cancer (TCa) is the most prevalent neoplasm diagnosed in males aged 15–40 years. Lack of access to care is a key impediment to early-stage TCa diagnosis. Health equity concerns arise, however, as poor access largely manifests within underserved male populations, therefore, placing them at a higher risk to develop late-stage TCa. Planned Parenthood Federation of America (PPFA) offers a myriad of male reproductive/sexual health care options, including TCa screening and referral services. Therefore, expanding these amenities in traditionally underserved communities may address the concern of TCa screening opportunities. An ecological analysis was performed using data from the United States Cancer Statistics, American Community Survey, and PPFA databases to assess the impact of TCa upon minority males, identify associations between PPFA services and minority males, and provide future implications on the role PPFA may play in bridging health-care access gaps pertaining to TCa screenings. Results indicate that states with higher rates of poverty and uninsured individuals, as well as specifically Black/African American males, have lower TCa incidence and limited access to screening services. PPFA service presence and Black/African American, as well as uninsured, males had a negative association but revealed positive correlations with TCa incidence. Considering the emerging TCa outcome disparities among minority males, expanding PPFA men’s health services is crucial in providing affordable options to help identify testicular abnormalities that are early stage or carcinoma in situ. Many at-risk males have limited means to obtain TCa screening services. Expanding this discussion could provide a foundation for future advocacy.
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Altaha, Lama. "Evaluation of podophyllin and Trichloroacetic acid for the treatment of genital warts in Iraqi female patients." AL-Kindy College Medical Journal 18, no. 1 (May 5, 2022): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v18i1.276.

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Background: human paillomavirus infections (genital warts) are the most frequent sexually transmitted viral infections. a wide range of treatment options is available with different efficacy. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of podophyllin, trichloracetic acid (TCA) in the treatment of genital warts and side effects of them. Subjects and methods: a total of sixty patients with genital warts were randomly selected, 30 in each group, in the Department of Dermatology, medical city for a Duration of 11 months from January 2009 to December 2009 treated with 35 % podophyllin in the tincture of benzoin or 50% TCA) .Forty-eight patients were followed up for three months. Results: warts cleared in 63% and 70% of the patients after treatment with podophyllin and TCA respectively within 3 months. Soreness happened in 6 patients with podophyllin and in 9 patients with TCA. small ulcers happened in 1 patient by podophyllin and 2 patients with TCA. pain was in 5 patients treated by podophyllin and in 6 patients treated by TCA. erythema was noticed in 10 patients treated by podophyllin and in 11 patients treated by TCA. Conclusion: there was a higher clearance rate with TCA and earlier response. The occurrence of adverse reactions is little more with TCA
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40

Shen, Peng, Jie-Feng Xu, Yu-Zhi Gao, Sen-Lin Xia, Shao-Yun Liu, and Mao Zhang. "Establishment of a swine model of traumatic cardiac arrest induced by haemorrhage and ventricular fibrillation." Journal of International Medical Research 48, no. 6 (June 2020): 030006052093126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060520931260.

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Objective To establish and evaluate a swine model of traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA) induced by haemorrhage and ventricular fibrillation. Methods Thirteen male pigs were divided into a sham group ( n = 5) and TCA group ( n = 8). Animals in the sham-operated group underwent intubation and monitoring but not haemorrhage and resuscitation, while animals in the TCA group underwent 40% blood volume haemorrhage over 20 min followed by 5 min of ventricular fibrillation and 5 min of cardiopulmonary resuscitation with fluid resuscitation. Results Restoration of spontaneous circulation was achieved in seven of eight animals in the TCA group. After resuscitation, the heart rate was significantly increased while the mean arterial pressure and ejection fraction were significantly decreased in the TCA group. The TCA group had significant cardiac and neurological injuries post-resuscitation and had higher serum creatinine and blood lactic acid levels and lower PaO2 than the sham group. Animals in the TCA group also exhibited significantly higher apoptotic indices and caspase-3 protein levels in the heart, brain and kidney than the sham group. Conclusion Animals in this swine model of TCA exhibited high rates of successful resuscitation, significant vital organ injury and prolonged survival. The model is suitable for use in further TCA research.
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Antonini, Sonir R. R., Leandro M. Colli, Leticia Ferro, Livia Mermejo, and Margaret de Castro. "Tumores adrenocorticais na criança: da abordagem clínica à avaliação molecular." Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia 55, no. 8 (November 2011): 599–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-27302011000800014.

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Tumores do córtex adrenal (TCA) são mais frequentes em crianças, mas podem ocorrer em qualquer faixa etária. São classificados como funcionantes, não funcionantes (predominam no adulto), e mistos. O diagnóstico é baseado na avaliação clínica, hormonal e exames de imagem. Em crianças, o método de escolha para diferenciar entre benigno ou maligno é a classificação baseada no estadiamento do tumor. Alguns marcadores moleculares merecem destaque: além de mutações inativadoras no gene supressor tumoral TP53, há evidências de envolvimento do IGF2 em 90% de TAC malignos, e mutações no éxon 3 do gene CTNNB1 foram encontradas em 6% dos TAC pediátricos. Além disso, microRNAs podem atuar como reguladores negativos da expressão gênica e participar da tumorigênese adrenocortical. Métodos para análise da expressão gênica permitem identificar TCA com prognóstico bom ou ruim, e espera-se que esses estudos possam facilitar o desenvolvimento de drogas para tratar pacientes de acordo com as vias de sinalização específicas que estiverem alteradas.
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Liu, Liqiong, Ping Wang, Xingbin Wang, Junxia Gu, Xiaoqing Li, and Shiang Huang. "Trans-Cinnamaldehyde Induces Granulocytic Differentiation and Impairs Survival and Migration of Acute Myeloid Leukemic Cells." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 5035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.5035.5035.

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Abstract Trans-cinnamaldehyde (TCA), the major active component of oil isolated from the stem bark of Cinnamomum cassia traditionally used to treat dyspepsia, gastritis and inflammatory disease world widely, has been shown to inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis in a number of cancer cells. However, the functional roles TCA plays in hematopoietic system have not been fully investigated. In this study, we show the effects of TCA on acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cell line HL60 and primary bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC) as well as bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. We found that TCA affected HL60 cells in a time-and dose-dependent fashion. Low concentration of TCA (20 μM) arrested HL60 cells at G0/G1 phase at 72 h without significant apoptosis. Middle concentration of TCA (60 μM) accumulated HL60 cells at G2/M at 24 h with increased apoptosis when the treated time was prolonged. Both low and middle concentrations of TCA induced HL60 cells to differentiate toward mature granule cells characterized with up-regulation of CD11b on cells accompanied by decreased c-Myc protein and increased p27 protein. Consistently, the expression and cellular distribution of p16 and Cdc6 were also significantly changed in differentiated HL60 cells treated with TCA. On the other hand, high concentration of TCA (100 μM) rapidly inhibited NF-kappaB activity and induced apoptosis in HL60 cells. Importantly, TCA induced apoptosis of AML CD34+ cells and suppressed colony formation of AML BMMNC, while its cytotoxicity on normal BMMNC was minor. In addition, TCA synergized with AraC to kill AML BMMNC and AML CD34+ cells. Finally, TCA also decreased CXCR4 expression on HL60 cells, consistent with it ability to depress migration and invasion of HL60 cells induced by rhSDF-1α as well as the adhesion of HL60 cells to AML BMSC. Of note, TCA also impaired survival and SDF-1α secretion of AML BMSC, which may further suppress the interaction of HL60 with AML BMSC. Taken together, our data show that TCA is an effective agent for the treatment of hematopoietic malignancies, not only being the direct inducer of terminal differentiation and apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemic cells, but attenuating the protective effect of AML BMSC on leukemia cells via inhibiting SDF-CXCR4 axis, which highlights the potential of TCA to be a promising therapeutic agent for hematopoietic malignancies treatment.
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43

Trauchessec, J. M., and Frederic Pissot. "Weight-to-Weight Trichloroacetic Peel Solutions: Necessity of an Explicit Formulation for Trichloroacetic Acid Solutions." American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery 15, no. 1 (March 1998): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074880689801500108.

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Chemical peeling using trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is frequently used in the field of aesthetic dermatology. It is important to formulate the peeling solution properly. Standardization in the preparation of the TCA solutions is proposed with formulas that allow physicians to compare different protocols published in the medical literature. The different protocols used to prepare the TCA solutions are analyzed to determine which of the protocols are the best in practice, and conversions between these different protocols are then proposed. Variation is observed in the relative concentrations of TCA of the different solutions, and standardization is necessary to avoid mishap. The weight-to-weight TCA peel solution gives an idea about the exact mass of TCA applied on the skin, which should be a standard procedure.
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44

van Leeuwen, A., PI Schrier, MJ Giphart, IA Noordermeer, DJ Ruiter, P. Rubinstein, and JJ van Rood. "TCA: a polymorphic genetic marker in leukemias and melanoma cell lines." Blood 67, no. 4 (April 1, 1986): 1139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v67.4.1139.1139.

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Abstract TCA (T Cell system A) is a di-allelic system of HLA-like antigens encoded by genes located about 15 cM telomeric to HLA-A. In normal individuals, TCA antigens are only expressed on a subpopulation of T cells, the TG lymphocytes. We now report on the expression of TCA on leukemias and other malignancies. An increased proportion of cells carrying the TCA phenotype was encountered in testing peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with acute lymphoblastic T-cell leukemia (T- ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In contrast, patients with B-cell malignancies such as chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL) and hairy cell leukemia (HCL) or non-T/non-B common acute lymphoblastic leukemia (common ALL) had normal proportions of TCA-positive lymphocytes. Quantitatively different levels of TCA expression are found on some melanoma cell lines and others are TCA negative. These variations are independent of the expression of HLA Class I antigens by the same cells. The expression of TCA antigens by malignant nonlymphoid cells suggests that this system may code for differentiation markers, important in the biology of neoplastic transformation.
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45

van Leeuwen, A., PI Schrier, MJ Giphart, IA Noordermeer, DJ Ruiter, P. Rubinstein, and JJ van Rood. "TCA: a polymorphic genetic marker in leukemias and melanoma cell lines." Blood 67, no. 4 (April 1, 1986): 1139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v67.4.1139.bloodjournal6741139.

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TCA (T Cell system A) is a di-allelic system of HLA-like antigens encoded by genes located about 15 cM telomeric to HLA-A. In normal individuals, TCA antigens are only expressed on a subpopulation of T cells, the TG lymphocytes. We now report on the expression of TCA on leukemias and other malignancies. An increased proportion of cells carrying the TCA phenotype was encountered in testing peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with acute lymphoblastic T-cell leukemia (T- ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In contrast, patients with B-cell malignancies such as chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL) and hairy cell leukemia (HCL) or non-T/non-B common acute lymphoblastic leukemia (common ALL) had normal proportions of TCA-positive lymphocytes. Quantitatively different levels of TCA expression are found on some melanoma cell lines and others are TCA negative. These variations are independent of the expression of HLA Class I antigens by the same cells. The expression of TCA antigens by malignant nonlymphoid cells suggests that this system may code for differentiation markers, important in the biology of neoplastic transformation.
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46

Fu, Yan, Pin Yang, Yang Zhao, Liqing Zhang, Zhangang Zhang, Xianwen Dong, Zhongping Wu, Ying Xu, and Yongjun Chen. "trans-Cinnamaldehyde Inhibits Microglial Activation and Improves Neuronal Survival against Neuroinflammation in BV2 Microglial Cells with Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4730878.

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Background.Microglial activation contributes to neuroinflammation and neuronal damage in neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. It has been suggested that neurodegenerative disorders may be improved if neuroinflammation can be controlled.trans-cinnamaldehyde (TCA) isolated from the stem bark ofCinnamomum cassiapossesses potent anti-inflammatory capability; we thus tested whether TCA presents neuroprotective effects on improving neuronal survival by inhibiting neuroinflammatory responses in BV2 microglial cells.Results.To determine the molecular mechanism behind TCA-mediated neuroprotective effects, we assessed the effects of TCA on lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced proinflammatory responses in BV2 microglial cells. While LPS potently induced the production and expression upregulation of proinflammatory mediators, including NO, iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, and TNF-α, TCA pretreatment significantly inhibited LPS-induced production of NO and expression of iNOS, COX-2, and IL-1βand recovered the morphological changes in BV2 cells. TCA markedly attenuated microglial activation and neuroinflammation by blocking nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. With the aid of microglia and neuron coculture system, we showed that TCA greatly reduced LPS-elicited neuronal death and exerted neuroprotective effects.Conclusions.Our results suggest that TCA, a natural product, has the potential of being used as a therapeutic agent against neuroinflammation for ameliorating neurodegenerative disorders.
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47

Przybyla-Zawislak, Beata, Devi M. Gadde, Kurt Ducharme, and Mark T. McCammon. "Genetic and Biochemical Interactions Involving Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (TCA) Function Using a Collection of Mutants Defective in All TCA Cycle Genes." Genetics 152, no. 1 (May 1, 1999): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/152.1.153.

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Abstract The eight enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle are encoded by at least 15 different nuclear genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have constructed a set of yeast strains defective in these genes as part of a comprehensive analysis of the interactions among the TCA cycle proteins. The 15 major TCA cycle genes can be sorted into five phenotypic categories on the basis of their growth on nonfermentable carbon sources. We have previously reported a novel phenotype associated with mutants defective in the IDH2 gene encoding the Idh2p subunit of the NAD+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD-IDH). Null and nonsense idh2 mutants grow poorly on glycerol, but growth can be enhanced by extragenic mutations, termed glycerol suppressors, in the CIT1 gene encoding the TCA cycle citrate synthase and in other genes of oxidative metabolism. The TCA cycle mutant collection was utilized to search for other genes that can suppress idh2 mutants and to identify TCA cycle genes that display a similar suppressible growth phenotype on glycerol. Mutations in 7 TCA cycle genes were capable of functioning as suppressors for growth of idh2 mutants on glycerol. The only other TCA cycle gene to display the glycerol-suppressor-accumulation phenotype was IDH1, which encodes the companion Idh1p subunit of NAD-IDH. These results provide genetic evidence that NAD-IDH plays a unique role in TCA cycle function.
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48

Zhu, Yefei, Yan Q. Xiong, Marat R. Sadykov, Paul D. Fey, Mei G. Lei, Chia Y. Lee, Arnold S. Bayer, and Greg A. Somerville. "Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle-Dependent Attenuation of Staphylococcus aureus In Vivo Virulence by Selective Inhibition of Amino Acid Transport." Infection and Immunity 77, no. 10 (August 10, 2009): 4256–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00195-09.

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ABSTRACT Staphylococci are the leading causes of endovascular infections worldwide. Commonly, these infections involve the formation of biofilms on the surface of biomaterials. Biofilms are a complex aggregation of bacteria commonly encapsulated by an adhesive exopolysaccharide matrix. In staphylococci, this exopolysaccharide matrix is composed of polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA). PIA is synthesized when the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is repressed. The inverse correlation between PIA synthesis and TCA cycle activity led us to hypothesize that increasing TCA cycle activity would decrease PIA synthesis and biofilm formation and reduce virulence in a rabbit catheter-induced model of biofilm infection. TCA cycle activity can be induced by preventing staphylococci from exogenously acquiring a TCA cycle-derived amino acid necessary for growth. To determine if TCA cycle induction would decrease PIA synthesis in Staphylococcus aureus, the glutamine permease gene (glnP) was inactivated and TCA cycle activity, PIA accumulation, biofilm forming ability, and virulence in an experimental catheter-induced endovascular biofilm (endocarditis) model were determined. Inactivation of this major glutamine transporter increased TCA cycle activity, transiently decreased PIA synthesis, and significantly reduced in vivo virulence in the endocarditis model in terms of achievable bacterial densities in biofilm-associated cardiac vegetations, kidneys, and spleen. These data confirm the close linkage of TCA cycle activity and virulence factor production and establish that this metabolic linkage can be manipulated to alter infectious outcomes.
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49

Grostern, Ariel, and Elizabeth A. Edwards. "A 1,1,1-Trichloroethane-Degrading Anaerobic Mixed Microbial Culture Enhances Biotransformation of Mixtures of Chlorinated Ethenes and Ethanes." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 12 (October 20, 2006): 7849–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01269-06.

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ABSTRACT 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA) is a common groundwater pollutant as a result of improper disposal and accidental spills. It is often found as a cocontaminant with trichloroethene (TCE) and inhibits some TCE-degrading microorganisms. 1,1,1-TCA removal is therefore required for effective bioremediation of sites contaminated with mixed chlorinated organics. This study characterized MS, a 1,1,1-TCA-degrading, anaerobic, mixed microbial culture derived from a 1,1,1-TCA-contaminated site in the northeastern United States. MS reductively dechlorinated 1,1,1-TCA to 1,1-dichloroethane (1,1-DCA) and then to monochloroethane (CA) but not further. Cloning of bacterial 16S rRNA genes revealed among other organisms the presence of a Dehalobacter sp. and a Desulfovibrio sp., which are both phylogenetically related to known dehalorespiring strains. Monitoring of these populations with species-specific quantitative PCR during degradation of 1,1,1-TCA and 1,1-DCA showed that Dehalobacter proliferated during dechlorination. Dehalobacter growth was dechlorination dependent, whereas Desulfovibrio growth was dechlorination independent. Experiments were also performed to test whether MS could enhance TCE degradation in the presence of inhibiting levels of 1,1,1-TCA. Dechlorination of cis-dichloroethene (cDCE) and vinyl chloride (VC) in KB-1, a chloroethene-degrading culture used for bioaugmentation, was inhibited with 1,1,1-TCA present. When KB-1 and MS were coinoculated, degradation of cDCE and VC to ethene proceeded as soon as the 1,1,1-TCA was dechlorinated to 1,1-DCA by MS. This demonstrated the potential application of the MS and KB-1 cultures for cobioaugmentation of sites cocontaminated with 1,1,1-TCA and TCE.
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50

Venkataraman, Girish, Joo Y. Song, Alexandar Tzankov, Stephan Dirnhofer, Georg Heinze, Maria Kohl, Alexandra Traverse-Glehen, et al. "Aberrant T-cell antigen expression in classical Hodgkin lymphoma is associated with decreased event-free survival and overall survival." Blood 121, no. 10 (March 7, 2013): 1795–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2012-06-439455.

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