Journal articles: 'Taxonomic treatments'

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Hupperts, Stefan F., Christopher R. Webster, Robert E. Froese, Erik A. Lilleskov, Amy M. Marcarelli, and Yvette L. Dickinson. "Increasing ground-layer plant taxonomic diversity masks declining phylogenetic diversity along a silvicultural disturbance gradient." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 50, no. 12 (December 2020): 1259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2020-0055.

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Most plant diversity in temperate deciduous forests is found in the ground layer, but nearly all studies comparing plant community assembly using taxonomic, trait, and phylogenetic diversity indices are limited to woody plants. To examine the relationship between short-term ground-layer plant community assembly and disturbance severity, we leveraged a silvicultural experiment that applied a combination of harvest and site preparation treatments in a northern hardwood forest in Michigan, USA. We predicted that after two growing seasons, plant communities would be less sensitive to harvest treatments when compared with site preparation treatments that disturb the rhizosphere and modify rooting substrate. We also predicted that an increase in taxonomic diversity would accompany a decline in trait diversity and phylogenetic diversity. Instead, plant species composition responded similarly to harvest treatment and site preparation treatment. However, our measure of disturbance severity was positively correlated with both trait diversity and taxonomic diversity but negatively correlated with phylogenetic diversity, indicating that increasingly diverse traits and taxonomies along this disturbance severity gradient were comprised of more phylogenetically simple plant communities. Informed management decisions should therefore consider the underlying value of each diversity measure, as taxonomic diversity alone may not be the best metric for assessing plant community assembly.

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Pal, Himani, and Manabendra Dutta Choudhury. "Cyperaceae: A Review of its Taxonomic Treatments." Pleione 11, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.26679/pleione.11.2.2017.195-207.

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Whittemore, Alan T. "A simple method for computerizing taxonomic treatments." TAXON 45, no. 3 (August 1996): 503–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1224142.

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Serrano, Miguel, Lyuboslava Dimitrova, and Santiago Ortiz. "Nomenclature and Typification of the Jasione L. (Campanulaceae) Groups from the Eastern Mediterranean Basin." Plants 13, no. 1 (December 22, 2023): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13010050.

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In this research, all the published names of Jasione (Campanulaceae) in the species, subspecies, and variety ranks for populations from the Balkan and Anatolian peninsulas are reviewed, including names of taxa allied to these groups in surrounding areas. These two areas are among the main centers of diversity of the genus, albeit no recent revisions to address the regional taxonomical complexity of the genus have been published for the Balkans and Anatolia. In this work, the taxonomic status and typification of twenty-six published names are discussed, including the plethora of names within the Jasione heldreichii, J. supina, and J. orbiculata taxonomic complexes. In total, eleven lectotypes and one neotype are designated for names from the aforementioned regions, plus one from southern Italy. This nomenclatural clarification establishes a reference for ongoing and future taxonomic and evolutionary studies of Jasione in the Mediterranean basin. In a genus prone to micro-endemism and cryptospeciation, a number of the historically described forms, despite being disregarded by current taxonomic treatments, may, therefore, deserve further attention.

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GUIDOTI, MARCUS, FELIPE LORENZ SIMÕES, TATIANA PETERSEN RUSCHEL, VALDENAR DA ROSA GONÇALVES, CAROLINA SOKOLOWICZ, and DONAT AGOSTI. "Using taxonomic treatments to assess an author’s career: the impactful Jocélia Grazia." Zootaxa 4958, no. 1 (April 14, 2021): 12–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4958.1.4.

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Here we present a descriptive analysis of the bibliographic production of the world-renowned heteropterist Dr. Jocélia Grazia and comments on her taxonomic reach based on extracted taxonomic treatments. We analyzed a total of 219 published documents, including scientific papers, scientific notes, and book chapters. Additionally, we applied the Plazi workflow to extract taxonomic treatments, images, tables, treatment citations and materials citations, and references from 75 different documents in accordance with the FAIR (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reuse) principles and made them available on the Biodiversity Literature Repository (BLR), hosted on Zenodo, and on TreatmentBank. We found that Dr. Grazia published 200 new names, including species (183) and genera (17), and 1,444 taxonomic treatments in total. From these, 104 and 581, respectively, were extracted after applying the Plazi Workflow. A total of 544 figures, 50 tables, 2,242 references, 2,107 materials citations, and 1,101 treatment citations were also extracted. In order to make her publications properly citable and accessible, we assigned DOIs (Digital Object Identifiers) for all publications that lacked this persistent identifier, including those that were not processed (88 in total), therefore enhancing the open-access share of her publications.

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WANG, LISONG, HONGRUI ZHANG, MARK F. WATSON, and SANDRA KNAPP. "On the identity of Sium frigidum (Apiaceae)." Phytotaxa 288, no. 3 (December 16, 2016): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.288.3.7.

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Taxonomic identity of Sium frigidum remains confusing; the taxon has been treated as belonging to four different genera including Apium, Sium, Chamaesium and Sinocarum. After field investigation, detailed examination of herbarium specimens, and analyses of molecular data, the results show that S. frigidum represent plants only known from southwest China, and conspecific with Apium ventricosum. Therefore, a new combination name, Sium ventricosum, is proposed with full taxonomic treatments. Taxonomic confusing related with this species is also discussed.

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YANG, YE-KUN, QIONG ZHANG, JIN-LIN MA, and SHI-XIONG YANG. "Taxonomic treatments of Pyrenaria jonquieriana (Theaceae) and related taxa." Phytotaxa 525, no. 3 (November 19, 2021): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.525.3.6.

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On the basis of field investigation and herbarium specimen examination, Tutcheria multisepala, Pyrenaria poilaneana, Parapyrenaria indochinensis and Camellia luuana are treated to the synonymy of Pyrenaria jonquieriana. In addition, lectotypes are designated for the names Pyrenaria jonquieriana and Pyrenaria poilaneana.

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Peterson, A. Townsend, and Adolfo G. Navarro-Sigüenza. "Consistency of Taxonomic Treatments: A Response to Remsen (2005)." Auk 123, no. 3 (2006): 885. http://dx.doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[885:cottar]2.0.co;2.

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Peterson, A. Townsend, and Adolfo G. Navarro-Sigüenza. "Consistency of Taxonomic Treatments: A Response to Remsen (2005)." Auk 123, no. 3 (July 1, 2006): 885–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/123.3.885.

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YANG, DONGMEI, JIAMEI WANG, RUI GUO, HONGJUAN ZHU, CHANGWANG MA, JING YU, YA LIU, YOUGEN WU, and HUI SHANG. "New taxonomic treatments in the Pteris fauriei group (Pteridaceae)." Phytotaxa 647, no. 3 (May 14, 2024): 223–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.647.3.2.

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The dividing lines between species in the Pteris fauriei group (Pteridaceae) are questionable and the systematic positions of some species in this group remain unclear. To help comprehensively understand the phylogenetic relationships and resolve the taxonomic problems in this group a phylogenetic tree was reconstructed based on five chloroplast DNA regions (atpA, matK, rbcL, rps4-trnS & trnL-trnF) from 22 Pteris taxa. Additionally, their spore morphology and type materials were studied. Based on the molecular and morphology evidence, we made treatments as follow: P. oshimensis Hieron. var. paraemeiensis Ching ex Ching et S.H. Wu was raised as a species from a variety of P. oshimensis Hieron; P. fauriei Hieron. var. chinensis Ching et S.H. Wu was treated as a synonym of P. austrotaiwanensis Y.S. Chao, rather than a synonym of P. latipinna Y.S. Chao & W.L. Chiou; and P. omeiensis Ching was restored to species status from a synonym of P. oshimensis Hieron.

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LO, YIK-FUI PHILIP. "A new subspecies of Delias agostina Hewitson (Lepidoptera: Pieridae: Pierinae) from Hainan Island." Zootaxa 4532, no. 4 (December 20, 2018): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4532.4.6.

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The taxonomic status of the population of Delias agostina on Hainan Island is clarified and previous taxonomic treatments are reviewed. The insular population is found distinctive from continental races and is described herein as, Delias agostina sushii ssp. nov., a new subspecies endemic to Hainan Island. Notes on immature stages of the new taxon are also provided.

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Nan, Li, and Fu Li-kuo. "Notes on Gymnosperms I. Taxonomic Treatments of Some Chinese Conifers." Novon 7, no. 3 (1997): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3391941.

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WANG, Yin-Zheng, Ru-Bing MAO, Yan LIU, Jia-Mei LI, Yang DONG, Zhen-Yu LI, and James F. SMITH. "Phylogenetic reconstruction of Chirita and allies (Gesneriaceae) with taxonomic treatments." Journal of Systematics and Evolution 49, no. 1 (January 2011): 50–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-6831.2010.00113.x.

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Wu, Lankun, Philip Dixon, Basil Nikolau, George Kraus, Mark Widrlechner, and Eve Wurtele. "Metabolic Profiling ofEchinaceaGenotypes and a Test of Alternative Taxonomic Treatments." Planta Medica 75, no. 02 (December 19, 2008): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1112199.

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15

Tippery, N. P., K. C. Pawinski, and A. J. Jeninga. "Taxonomic evaluation of Nymphoides ( Menyanthaceae) in eastern Asia." Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants 66, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 249–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.03.08.

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According to recent taxonomic treatments, up to 13 Nymphoides species exist in eastern Asia, with some species purported to be narrowly endemic. However, these treatments have largely covered rather limited geographic areas, whereas the genus can be found worldwide. Inorder to evaluate the global distinctness of currently accepted Nymphoides species in eastern Asia, we quantitatively examined their distinguishing morphological characters using information from published treatments and data from herbarium specimens. Out of 13 evaluated species, nine were found to be morphologically distinct (N. aurantiaca, N. cambodiana, N. coreana, N. hastata, N. hydrophylla, N. indica, N. lungtanensis, N. parviflora, N. peltata), and the remaining species (N. coronata, N. cristata, N. siamensis, N. tonkinensis) lacked characters that clearly could distinguish them. We thus propose that the morphologically indistinct species should be considered synonymous with other Nymphoides species. Herein we establish N. parviflora comb. nov., to accommodate the species that was heretofore known by the invalid name N. parvifolia. Lectotypes are designated for Limnanthemum calycinum, L. coreanum, L. coronatum, L. hastatum, L. kleinianum, and L. tonkinense, and neotypes are designated for Menyanthes hydrophylla and M. nymphoides.

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ZHOU, JING, JIN WEI, and ZHENWEN LIU. "An expanded circumscription for the previously monotypic Pleurospermopsis (Apiaceae) based on nrDNA ITS sequences and morphological evidence." Phytotaxa 460, no. 2 (September 23, 2020): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.460.2.2.

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Under the framework phylogeny of Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae and through a carefully examination of herbarium specimens, a taxonomic revision for Pleurospermopsis (a genus originally accepted as monotypic to include P. sikkimensis as the only representative), is presented. Its circumscription is expanded to comprise Pleurospermum bicolor (Franch.) Norman ex Pan & Watson. Therefore, a new combination of Pleurospermopsis bicolor (Franch.) J. Zhou & J. Wei is proposed with full taxonomic treatments. An identification key is also provided for the genus.

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Torres-Montúfar, Alejandro, Hilda Flores-Olvera, and Helga Ochoterena. "A Taxonomic Treatment of Rogiera (Guettardeae, Rubiaceae)." Systematic Botany 46, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 186–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1600/036364421x16128061189413.

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Abstract—Rogiera (Guettardeae, Rubiaceae) is a Neotropical genus distributed from Mexico to northern South America that includes shrubs, treelets, or trees, which were previously treated in the taxonomically controversial and confused Rondeletia complex. Rogiera can be recognized among other Rubiaceae by the combination of multiflowered inflorescences, heterostylous flowers, quincuncial corolla aestivation, a hairy ring at the corolla mouth, and capsular fruits with loculicidal dehiscence. Despite the recent taxonomic circumscription of Rogiera there is not a comprehensive taxonomic treatment to it. Moreover, regional floristic treatments disagree on the species circumscriptions, with discrepancies in the number of species of Rogiera from 11 to 20. Based on molecular and morphological evidence studied on field and herbarium specimens, we present a taxonomic revision of Rogiera. We recognize ten species; Mexico is the center of diversity with nine species, four of them endemic. An identification key, descriptions, distribution maps, nomenclatural history, phenological data, and illustrations of all the species in the genus are provided for the first time. Several names required lecto- or epitypifications designated here.

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Austin, Jeremy J., Vincent Bretagnolle, and Eric Pasquet. "A Global Molecular Phylogeny of the Small Puffinus Shearwaters and Implications for Systematics of the Little-Audubon's Shearwater Complex." Auk 121, no. 3 (July 1, 2004): 847–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/121.3.847.

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Abstract A molecular phylogeny based on 917 base pairs (bp) of the mitochondrial (mt) DNA cytochrome-b gene was used to test and reassess the systematics and conflicting taxonomic treatments of the small, black-and-white Puffinus shearwaters, including the P. assimilis-lherminieri species complex. Three geographically discrete clades were identified in the North Atlantic, Southern (Australasia) and tropical Pacific and Indian oceans that contain most of the P. assimilis-lherminieri taxa. Together with four other lineages (P. puffinus, P. opisthomelas, P. mauretanicus-P. yelkouan, P. newelli-P. myrtae), they form an unresolved polytomy. Puffinus huttoni-P. gavia, P. nativitatis, and P. subalaris are basal to this. The phylogenetic positions of P. myrtae and P. subalaris are unexpected and warrant further investigation. None of the competing taxonomic treatments of the P. assimilis-lherminieri complex are supported. Instead, our phylogeny suggests that 14 taxa should be recognized, whereas five others (loyemilleri, colstoni, nicolae, polynesiae, and atrodorsalis) are phylogenetically undifferentiated from more widespread species (lherminieri, dichrous, and bailloni) and are probably not valid. Similarities in plumage and external morphological characters between unrelated species and differences between closely related species suggest that those traditional taxonomic characters are poor indicators of phylogenetic relatedness.

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Zhou, Xin-Mao, Liang Zhang, Ngan Thi Lu, Xin-Fen Gao, and Li-Bing Zhang. "Pteridryaceae: A new fern family of Polypodiineae (Polypodiales) including taxonomic treatments." Journal of Systematics and Evolution 56, no. 2 (March 2018): 148–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jse.12305.

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Machado, Dayanna do Nascimento, Ervandil Corrêa Costa, and Leandra Pedron. "Soil mesoarthropods in areas of coal mining under environmental recovery." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 52, no. 12 (December 2017): 1215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2017001200010.

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Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the soil mesofauna composition in non-mining and in mining areas under environmental recovery with native vegetation and forest planting, in a coalmine in Southern Brazil. Five treatments were evaluated: native vegetation in non-mining area; plantation of Acacia mearnsii in non-mining area; plantation of A. mearnsii in mining area; plantation of Eucalyptus dunnii in non-mining area; and plantation of E. dunnii in mining area. Four soil samples per treatment were collected monthly, during one year. The organisms were extracted using a Berlese funnel with 50-W incandescent light. A total of 23,911 organisms were collected from the soil mesofauna, which were identified and distributed into 13 taxonomic groups. The abundance of specimens was similar between treatments. The greatest diversity of taxonomic groups was found under A. mearnsii plantation, in the mining area, and under E. dunnii plantations in non-mining and mining areas, all with 13 groups. Eucalyptus dunnii and A. mearnsii help to mitigate the impact of coal mining on the diversity of the soil mesofauna taxonomic groups, since the composition of mesoarthropods is similar to that of areas that have not been directly affected by mining.

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Chao, Yi-Shan, Ho-Yih Liu, and Wen-Liang Chiou. "Taxonomic revision of the Pteris cadieri complex (Pteridaceae)." Phytotaxa 230, no. 2 (October 8, 2015): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.230.2.2.

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The Pteris cadieri complex is widely distributed in South and East Asia. Due to tremendous morphological variation within and between taxa, previous taxonomic treatments have been plagued with an element of uncertainty. In this study, the morphological characteristics, along with data from previous studies on reproductive modes, cytology, and genotypes, are integrated to clarify and delineate each taxon. Nine taxa are recognized in the Pteris cadieri complex: three original species (P. cadieri, P. hainanensis and P. grevilleana), one reinstated name (P. dimorpha, synonymized under P. cadieri), two new species (P. incurvata sp. nov. and P. perplexa sp. nov.), two new varieties (P. dimorpha var. prolongata var. nov., and P. dimorpha var. metagrevilleana var. nov.), and a forma (P. grevilleana f. ornata stat. nov.). The lectotypes of P. cadieri, P. dimorpha, P. grevilleana, and P. hainanensis are designated. Each taxon is described in detail. A key is provided to facilitate the identification of all taxa.

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TESTÉ, ERNESTO, JOSÉ ANGEL GARCÍA-BELTRÁN, ALEJANDRO PALMAROLA, THIERRY ROBERT, and ELDIS R. BÉCQUER. "Taxonomic update of Magnolia subsect. Talauma (Magnoliaceae) from Cuba." Phytotaxa 598, no. 2 (May 23, 2023): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.598.2.2.

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The taxonomy of Magnolia subsect. Talauma in Cuba has long been debated with many changes in the last few years. New evidence based on ecological, morphological and genetic data has indicated the occurrence of three taxa, with changes in the limits from the latest taxonomic treatment. In this sense, the taxonomy and nomenclature of Magnolia subsect. Talauma in Cuba is reviewed. Diagnoses of all taxa are presented with an identification key, nomenclatural information and distribution. Magnolia subsect. Talauma in Cuba comprises three endemic species: Magnolia orbiculata, M. minor and M. oblongifolia. Magnolia orbiculata is the only species that keeps the same limits as in the previous taxonomic treatments of the group, whereas it is not the same for the northeastern Cuban species.

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MARTÍNEZ-AZORÍN, MARIO, MANUEL B. CRESPO, MARÍA Á. ALONSO-VARGAS, ANTHONY P. DOLD, NEIL R. CROUCH, MARTIN PFOSSER, LADISLAV MUCINA, MICHAEL PINTER, and WOLFGANG WETSCHNIG. "New combinations in the tribe Urgineeae (Asparagaceae subfam. Scilloideae) with comments on contrasting taxonomic treatments." Phytotaxa 397, no. 4 (March 22, 2019): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.397.4.3.

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As part of a taxonomic revision of tribe Urgineeae, and informed by morphological and phylogenetic evidence obtained in the last decade, we present 17 new combinations in Austronea, Indurgia, Schizobasis, Tenicroa, Thuranthos, Urgineopsis, and Vera-duthiea. These are for taxa recently described in Drimia sensu latissimo or otherwise named during the past century. We include type information for all considered taxa and designate lectotypes for Drimia pauciflora, Urginea salmonea and U. sebirii. We discuss recent analytic and synthetic approaches to taxonomic arrangements for the Urgineeae and reinforce the support of an analytic treatment that recognises several genera characterised by distinct syndromes of morphological characters, biogeography and molecular evidence.

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Morim, Marli Pires, and Eimear M. Nic Lughadha. "Flora of Brazil Online: Can Brazil's botanists achieve their 2020 vision?" Rodriguésia 66, no. 4 (2015): 1115–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201566412.

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Abstract This paper seeks to provide an assessment of the prospects of delivering an online Flora of Brazil by 2020. Our approach is to evaluate the nature and extent of documentation of the Brazilian flora over the past 15 years before exploring whether existing botanical documentation and capacity is sufficient to support the production of a complete Flora over a five-year period. We address the following 'headline' questions: Has a high proportion of Brazilian species been described? Are collection densities sufficient to underpin a national Flora? Is there sufficient botanical expertise available to execute such a big project over a five-year period? Are there current taxonomic treatments that support the development of a national Flora? The results obtained show that the proportion of the flora estimated to have been described is high enough to be confident that those preparing Flora treatments will not be overwhelmed by the numbers of species new to science requiring description; the national average of 1.08 specimens per km2 is significant; relevant taxonomic treatments with a variety of different scopes and geographic scales are available; and, finally the botanical expertise available is demonstrated by the results presented in the List of Species of the Flora of Brasil.

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Cortés-Martín, Adrián, Carlos E. Iglesias-Aguirre, Amparo Meoro, María Victoria Selma, and Juan Carlos Espín. "There is No Distinctive Gut Microbiota Signature in the Metabolic Syndrome: Contribution of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Associated Medication." Microorganisms 8, no. 3 (March 15, 2020): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8030416.

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The gut microbiota (GM) has attracted attention as a new target to combat several diseases, including metabolic syndrome (MetS), a pathological condition with many factors (diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, etc.) that increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, the existence of a characteristic taxonomic signature associated with obesity-related metabolic dysfunctions is under debate. To investigate the contribution of the CVD risk factors and(or) their associated drug treatments in the composition and functionality of GM in MetS patients, we compared the GM of obese individuals (n = 69) vs. MetS patients (n = 50), as well as within patients, depending on their treatments. We also explored associations between medication, GM, clinical variables, endotoxemia, and short-chain fatty acids. Poly-drug treatments, conventional in MetS patients, prevented the accurate association between medication and GM profiles. Our results highlight the heterogeneity of taxonomic signatures in MetS patients, which mainly depend on the CVD risk factors. Hypertension and(or) its associated medication was the primary trait involved in the shaping of GM, with an overabundance of lipopolysaccharide-producing microbial groups from the Proteobacteria phylum. In the context of precision medicine, our results highlight that targeting GM to prevent and(or) treat MetS should consider MetS patients more individually, according to their CVD risk factors and associated medication.

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Khmelevtsova, Ludmila, Tatiana Azhogina, Shorena Karchava, Maria Klimova, Elena Polienko, Alla Litsevich, Elena Chernyshenko, Margarita Khammami, Ivan Sazykin, and Marina Sazykina. "Effect of Mineral Fertilizers and Pesticides Application on Bacterial Community and Antibiotic-Resistance Genes Distribution in Agricultural Soils." Agronomy 14, no. 5 (May 11, 2024): 1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14051021.

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Soils are a hotspot for the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance. The effects of agrochemical treatments on the bacterial community of agricultural soils and the content of antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) were studied. Treatments included the following: control, mineral fertilizers (NPKs), pesticides, and the combined treatment of soils under soya (Glycine max), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum). Bacterial community taxonomic composition was studied using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The content of 10 ARGs and 3 integron genes (intI1, intI2, intI3) was determined using quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed that the treatments had little effect on the taxonomic composition and diversity of the soil bacterial community. The most significant factors determining differences in the microbial community were sampling time and soil physico-chemical parameters. A significant role of the bacterial community in ARG distribution in soils was demonstrated. Representatives of the Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Sphingomonas, Arthrobacter genera, and the Nocardioidaceae and Micrococcaceae families were likely ARG hosts. The presence of integron genes of all three classes was detected, the most numerous being intI3. This work provides important information on the role of agricultural soils in ARG transfer, and the findings may be useful for sustainable and safe agricultural development.

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Li, Gary, and Peter W. Fritsch. "A taxonomic revision of taxa in Styrax series Cyrta (Styracaceae) with valvate corollas." Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 12, no. 2 (November 20, 2018): 579–641. http://dx.doi.org/10.17348/jbrit.v12.i2.962.

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Several taxonomic treatments of Styrax (Styracaceae) exist in regional floras of Asia, but the Asian species of the genus have not been comprehensively revised since 1907. A treatment of the Asian taxa of S. series Cyrta with imbricate floral aestivation was accomplished in 2003. To complete the taxonomic revision of S. series Cyrta, we conducted a taxonomic revision of the species of the series with valvate aestivation of the corolla lobes. Our revision comprises 11 species with a combined distribution from eastern India through southern China and Malesia, Melanesia, and Micronesia, although the group is absent from the Philippines. We resurrected S. bracteolatus, S. rubifolius, and S. warburgii as species to be recognized, and we corrected the misapplication of S. finlaysonianus, previously used for a species in S. series Benzoin. Styrax finlaysonianus and S. warburgii are segregated from the broader concept of S. agrestis recognized in prior treatments. The circumscriptions of the heretofore poorly delimited species S. confusus, S. faberi, and S. fortunei are clarified and their possible introgressants discussed. We observed unique combinations of characters in some problematic specimens whose taxonomic status remains unresolved because only single specimens with either flowers or fruits were available; at least some of these may represent undescribed species. Lectotypes are designated for Cyrta agrestis, S. argyi, S. bracteolatus, S. calvescens, S. casearifolius, S. confusus var. microphyllus, S. dasyanthus, S. dasyanthus var. cinerascens, S. faberi, S. finlaysonianus, S. formosanus, S. fortunei, S. fukienensis, S. henryi, S. henryi var. microcalyx, S. iopilinus, S. philadelphoides, S. rostratus, S. rubifolius, S. serrulatus var. agrestis, and S. virgatus. A neotype is designated for S. warburgii. Keys, descriptions, distribution maps, and conservation assessments are provided for all species. Styrax agrestis, S. bracteolatus, and S. rubifolius are rare endemics of conservation concern, with highly restricted distributions.

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Whitlock, Barbara A., Amanda M. Hale, Jane L. Indorf, and Carolyn F. Wilkins. "Polyphyly of Rulingia and Commersonia (Lasiopetaleae, Malvaceae s.l.)." Australian Systematic Botany 24, no. 5 (2011): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb09030.

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The primarily Australian genera Rulingia R.Br. and Commersonia J.R. & G.Forst., as currently circumscribed, are distinguished from each other by the number of antisepalous staminodes. Although most taxonomic treatments recognise Rulingia and Commersonia as separate genera, recent phylogenetic analyses and morphological observations have suggested that neither is monophyletic. In the present study, we test the monophyly of both genera with a phylogenetic analysis of 80 individuals of Rulingia and Commersonia, representing 46 species, using three chloroplast markers. Our analyses recovered the following two well supported clades: Clade 1 includes three species referable to Commersonia and 17 to Rulingia and Clade 2 includes 20 species referable to Commersonia and six to Rulingia. Type species of both Commersonia and Rulingia are in Clade 1, although Commersonia has priority. These results are used to identify lineages that will be formally recognised in accompanying taxonomic treatments. The extensive polyphyly of both Commersonia and Rulingia suggests that the staminode character previously used to separate these two genera is highly homoplastic. We discuss alternative androecial characters that may prove to be synapomorphies for Clades 1 and 2.

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Xue, Bine, Yanwen Chen, and Richard M. K. Saunders. "Phylogenetic relationships of 'Polyalthia' in Fiji." PhytoKeys 165 (October 28, 2020): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.165.57094.

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The genus Polyalthia (Annonaceae) has undergone dramatic taxonomic changes in recent years. Nine Polyalthia species have historically been recognized in Fiji, all of which have subsequently been transferred to three different genera, viz. Goniothalamus, Huberantha and Meiogyne. The transfer of six of these species has received strong molecular phylogenetic support, although the other three species, Polyalthia amoena, P. capillata and P. loriformis [all transferred to Huberantha], have never previously been sampled in a phylogenetic study. We address this shortfall by sampling available herbarium specimens of all three species and integrating the data in a molecular phylogenetic analysis. The resultant phylogeny provides strong support for the transfer of these species to Huberantha. The taxonomic realignment of all nine Fijian species formerly classified in Polyalthia is also clearly demonstrated and supported by the resultant phylogeny. The updated taxonomic treatments of the nine species, a key to the three genera and a key to the Fijian Huberantha species are provided.

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WANG, RUI-JIANG. "Taxonomic notes on the genus Hedyotis sensu lato (Rubiaceae) in China." Phytotaxa 414, no. 3 (August 12, 2019): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.414.3.1.

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The genus Hedyotis sensu lato was splitted into several genera on basis of morphological and molecular evidences. Under this generic delimitation, seven new taxonomic treatments, including six new synonyms and one new combination, are proposed for the Flora of China. The name Hedyotis tenelliflora that misapplied to Scleromitrion angustifolium is also corrected with morphological comparison.

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FENG, HUI-ZHE, KAI-KAI MENG, and LONG-YUAN WANG. "Taxonomic studies on the genus Reevesia (Malvaceae: Helicteroideae) I: the identities of R. thyrsoidea." Phytotaxa 547, no. 1 (May 17, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.547.1.1.

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In this study, Reevesia botingensis, R. formosana, R. lancifolia, R. lofouensis, R. longipetiolata, R. macrocarpa, R. parvifolia, R. pycnantha, and R. shangszeensis are recognized as R. thyrsoidea through consulting protologues and herbarium specimens. The present investigation provides complete taxonomic treatments, geographic distributions and ecological observations of R. thyrsoidea. And lectotypes of two names have been designated in this article.

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McKenzie, Paul M. "Sedges of Indiana and the Adjacent States. The Carex species. Vol. 2." Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 16, no. 2 (November 29, 2022): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.17348/jbrit.v16.i2.1272.

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The volume includes detailed treatments of species; excellent keys that include species that occur in adjacent states; incredible glossy photographs on habit and plant parts that are helpful in species identification (roots, culm leaves, sheaths, inflorescences, perigynia, achenes); references; coefficients of conservatism for each species; taxonomic changes since Deam’s (1940) early treatment of the genus; glossary; and an index.

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Li, Xiufen, Shiping Deng, William R. Raun, Yan Wang, and Ying Teng. "Bacterial Community in Soils Following Century-Long Application of Organic or Inorganic Fertilizers under Continuous Winter Wheat Cultivation." Agronomy 10, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 1497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101497.

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Fertilization is one of the most common agricultural practices to achieve high yield. Although microbes play a critical role in nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition, knowledge of the long-term responses of the soil bacterial community to organic and inorganic fertilizers is still limited. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of century-long organic (manure), inorganic (NPK), and no fertilization (control) treatments on soil bacterial community structure under continuous winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivation. Fertilization treatments altered the richness, diversity and composition of the soil bacterial community. Compared with the control, manure significantly increased the operational taxonomic units (OTUs), Chao 1 and Shannon indices, and taxonomic groups, while NPK significantly decreased these parameters. Fertilization treatments did not alter the types of dominant phyla but did significantly affect their relative abundances. Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria were the most dominant phyla in all treatments. Manure led to enrichment of most phyla, with a diazotrophic group, Cyanobacteria, being an exception; NPK reduced most phyla, but enriched Chloroflexi; control led to promotion of Cyanobacteria. Soil pH and NO3− were two dominant parameters influencing the bacterial community structure. Soil pH positively correlated with the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes but negatively correlated with those of Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi; NO3− negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Cyanobacteria, which was 14–52 times higher in control than the fertilized soils. Cyanobacteria, especially M. paludosus and L. appalachiana, could be the key players in maintaining wheat productivity in the century-long unfertilized control.

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Pender, Jocelyn, Joel L. Sachs, James Macklin, Hong Cui, Andru Vallance, Beatriz Lujan-Toro, Thomas Rodenhausen, Melanie Belisle-Leclerc, and Geoffrey Levin. "Bringing a Semantic MediaWiki Flora to Life." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (May 22, 2018): e25885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25885.

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The existing web representation of the Flora of North America (FNA) project needs improvement. Despite being electronically available, it has little more functionality than its printed counterpart. Over the past few years, our team has been working diligently to build a new more effective online presence for the FNA. The main objective is to capitalize on modern Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools built for biodiversity data (Explorer of Taxon Concepts or ETC; Cui et al. 2016), and present the FNA online in both machine and human readable formats. With machine-comprehensible data, the mobilization and usability of flora treatments is enhanced and capabilities for data linkage to a Biodiversity Knowledge Graph (Page 2016) are enabled. For example, usability of treatments increases when morphological statements are parsed into finely grained pieces of data using ETC, because these data can be easily traversed across taxonomic groups to reveal trends. Additionally, the development of new features in our online FNA is facilitated by FNA data parsing and processing in ETC, including a feature to enable users to explore all treatments and illustrations generated by an author of interest. The current status of the ongoing project to develop a Semantic MediaWiki (SMW) platform for the FNA is presented here. New features recently implemented are introduced, challenges in assembling the Semantic MediaWiki are discussed, and future opportunities, which include the integration of additional floras and data sources, are explored. Furthermore, implications of standardization of taxonomic treatments, which work such as this entails, will be discussed.

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Özüdoğru, Barış, Kurtuluş Özgişi, Burcu Tarıkahya-Hacıoğlu, Atilla Ocak, Klaus Mummenhoff, and Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz. "Phylogeny of the Genus Noccaea (Brassicaceae) and a Critical Review of its Generic Circumscription." Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 104, no. 3 (August 8, 2019): 339–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3417/2019347.

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Noccaea Moench is taxonomically one of the most problematic genera of the Brassicaceae. The radical revision of Thlaspi L. s.l. by Meyer in 1973 (Meyer, 1973) split it into 12 segregate genera, including Noccaea, but subsequent molecular studies suggested that this complex includes at least four unrelated genera (Thlaspi s. str., Mummenhoffia Esmailbegi & Al-Shehbaz, Noccidium F. K. Mey., and Noccaea). Although several taxonomic treatments have since been proposed to sort out the systematic problems of Noccaea, debates are still ongoing. Some authors have argued that all segregates of Thlaspi should be considered as independent but related genera, whereas others recognize them as synonyms of a large and polymorphic Noccaea. In this study, we present the first extensively sampled phylogenetic analysis of tribe Coluteocarpeae (Thlaspi segregates including Noccaea) using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) DNA sequences from 92 of the ca. 130 species (70%) in the tribe (39 studied here for the first time) and plastidic trnL-F regions from 73 species (42 studied here for the first time), representing the full range of morphological variation and geographical distribution. All main clades are discussed in detail, and the taxonomic status of all Thlaspi s.l. segregates is evaluated against recent taxonomic treatments. In particular, the tribal placement of Noccidium is changed to Coluteocarpeae, and the genus Pseudosempervivum (Boiss.) Grossh. is reduced to synonymy of Noccaea. The new name N. mummenhoffiana Özüdoğru & Al-Shehbaz and the new combinations N. aucheri (Boiss.) Özüdoğru & Al-Shehbaz and N. sempervivum (Boiss. & Balansa) Özüdoğru & Al-Shehbaz are proposed.

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FERREIRA, PAULO SERGIO FIUZA, and THOMAS J. HENRY. "Synopsis and keys to the tribes, genera, and species of Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of Minas Gerais, Brazil Part I: Bryocorinae." Zootaxa 2920, no. 1 (June 16, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2920.1.1.

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This paper begins a series of synoptic taxonomic treatments on the Miridae known from Minas Gerais, Brazil, by subfamily, beginning with the Bryocorinae. We provide diagnoses, host-plant information, distribution data, and illustrated keys to four tribes, 24 genera, and 56 species. For most species, illustrations of the adults, selected morphological characters, and male genitalia are provided to facilitate identification.

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Liu, Binbin, and Deyuan Hong. "A taxonomic revision of the Pourthiaea villosa complex (Rosaceae)." Phytotaxa 244, no. 3 (January 19, 2016): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.244.3.1.

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The taxonomy of the Pourthiaea villosa complex, distributed in E Asia, is extremely controversial. The lack of proper analysis and evaluation of the characters used previously may have caused these controversies among taxonomists. The present study is the first comprehensive taxonomic revision of this complex. We have conducted extensive field observations, population sampling, examination of a large number of specimens and subsequent statistical analysis. All morphological characters used in previous taxonomic treatments were analyzed one by one. They include length, breadth, basal angle, and apex of leaf blade, length of petiole, length of pedicel, number of flowers, and density of indumentum on leaves, petiole, pedicel, hypanthium, and branchlets. We found that these characters were extremely variable both within and between populations of this complex. Such variations are continuous or with no statistical support, and there is no correlation between the different characters. Therefore, the characters used in this complex are of little value for species delimitation. As a result of our study, only one species, P. villosa, is recognized, without subdivision. Fourteen names are reduced as new synonyms of P. villosa. In addition, P. villosa is designated as the type of Pourthiaea and 10 lectotypes are designated.

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Köhler, Frank, and Vince Kessner. "Mitochondrial and morphological differentiation in a previously unrecognized radiation of the land snail genus Parachloritis Ehrmann, 1912 on Timor (Pulmonata: Camaenidae)." Contributions to Zoology 83, no. 1 (January 20, 2014): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-08301001.

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The present work revises the taxonomy of one group of camaenid gastropods from Timor-Leste based on the study of a large number of recently collected ethanol preserved samples as well as historic museum material, including types. By employing comparative analyses of the variation in morphological features (shell, penial anatomy) and the differentiation in mitochondrial DNA sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (COI) and the 16S rDNA (16S), altogether nineteen species are recognized from Timor-Leste and adjacent areas in the Lesser Sunda and Moluccas, such as West-Timor, Adonara, Leti and Sermata Islands (Indonesia). Four of these species were described previously and have mostly been placed within the genus Chloritis Beck, 1837 in the few historic treatments available. Fifteen species found to be new are formally described. In contrast to the previous taxonomic treatment, placement in the genus Parachloritis Ehrmann, 1912 is proposed on grounds of comparative shell morphology. Molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that all examined species form a monophyletic group, which encompasses diverse shell forms. While most species have shells of the general chloritid type, which are of little taxonomic utility, highly distinct shell morphs (trochoid shells, dwarf forms) have originated within this radiation in independent lineages. Morphological change has occurred in some taxonomic lineages while the bulk of Parachloritis species has maintained an ancestral shell phenotype. This phenotypic stasis is attributed to stabilizing selection in species, which have maintained associations with ancestral habitats, while distinct shell forms have evolved as result of habitat shifts. Consequently, purely shellbased taxonomies are prone to errors due to misjudging the significance of shell characters. While some Parachloritis species uncovered here were found to be narrowly endemic, others had wide distributions that include more than one island. Narrow range endemism was predominantly found in dwarf species and in species that live in high altitudes.

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King, Rachael A., Erinn P. Fagan-Jeffries, Tessa M. Bradford, Danielle N. Stringer, Terrie L. Finston, Stuart A. Halse, Stefan M. Eberhard, et al. "Cryptic diversity down under: defining species in the subterranean amphipod genus." Invertebrate Systematics 36, no. 2 (February 18, 2022): 113–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is21041.

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Amphipod crustaceans comprise a significant and enigmatic component of Australian groundwater ecosystems, particularly in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. Many amphipod species in the Pilbara, including species in the genus Nedsia Barnard & Williams, 1995, are considered short range endemics, poorly or contentiously defined by taxonomic treatments based on morphology alone and have uncertain distributions as a consequence of this taxonomy. A modern systematic revision of Nedsia is presented here, utilising both molecular and morphological analyses alongside distributional data to delineate species. We describe 13 new species of Nedsia, confirm three existing species and synonymise eight previously described species. Nedsia species are confirmed to be functionally morphologically cryptic, with COI divergences at the 5–20% level. We present comparatively reduced taxonomic descriptions for these cryptic amphipod species in an effort to provide an accelerated pathway for future taxonomic work. The research provides the basis for future environmental impact assessments involving Nedsia species and ongoing monitoring of the groundwater communities these form part of in the resource-rich Pilbara region.

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ARTHAN, WATCHARA, TREVOR R. HODKINSON, NIANHE XIA, KHOON MENG WONG, WERAYA O-CHAKULL, ATCHARA TEERAWATANANON, and SARAWOOD SUNGKAEW. "Taxonomic revision of the genus Chimonocalamus (Arundinarieae, Bambusoideae, Poaceae) in Thailand." Phytotaxa 636, no. 4 (February 14, 2024): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.636.4.2.

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Chimonocalamus is a genus in the Arundinarieae (the tribe of temperate woody bamboos), distributed in the Eastern Himalayas, India, Myanmar, China, Thailand, and Vietnam. Distinguishing characters of the genus include pachymorph rhizomes, rings of root thorns at lower culm nodes, a branch complement of 3–5 subequal branches, paniculate inflorescences, and spikelets with 2 glumes and 3–6 florets. Taxonomic knowledge of Chimonocalamus in mainland Southeast Asia has grown as new species were reported from Thailand and Vietnam, adding to those previously documented mainly in China and India. Such a situation supports an increased understanding in the geographic distribution and diversity of the group. The objective of this paper is to update the Chimonocalamus account for Thailand and summarize taxonomic information pertinent to future studies. Here, our taxonomic revision of Chimonocalamus in Thailand includes three species, C. auriculatus, C. elegans and C. gallatlyi; the latter is a new record for Thailand. Nomenclatural treatments, morphological descriptions, a photographic illustration of C. gallatlyi, and a current distribution map of three species are presented.

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Villar, José Luis, María Ángeles Alonso, Manuel B. Crespo, and Mario Martínez-Azorín. "Nomenclatural Type Identification of Names in North African Tamarix (Tamaricaceae)." Plants 12, no. 23 (November 25, 2023): 3969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12233969.

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Tamarix is native to Eurasia plus the northern and southern territories of Africa, with some species being introduced into America and Oceania. They are usually found in arid, desertic, or subdesertic areas, often on saline or subsaline soils, in Mediterranean, temperate, or subtropical climates. The genus is renowned for its complex taxonomy, which is usually based on rather variable or unstable characters, which leads to contrasting taxonomic treatments. As part of the taxonomic revision of Tamarix undertaken by the authors, ten names (i.e., T. africana, T. bounopoea, T. brachystylis var. fluminensis, T. malenconiana, T. muluyana, T. tenuifolia, T. tingitana, T. trabutii, T. valdesquamigera, and T. weyleri) published from material collected in the southwestern parts of the Mediterranean basin are taxonomically and nomenclaturally discussed after analysing their original material. Eight intended holotypes are corrected here to lectotypes; one epitype is designated for T. africana to warrant current use of the name; and one isotype, 30 isolectotypes, and 11 syntypes are also identified for the studied names. Further, the taxonomic identity of all names and their eventual synonymic placement are accordingly discussed.

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Sylvester, Steven P., Robert J. Soreng, William J. Bravo-Pedraza, Lia E. Cuta-Alarcon, and Diego Giraldo-Cañas. "Poa (Poaceae) of Colombia: A Taxonomic Revision." Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 105, no. 2 (July 16, 2020): 232–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3417/2020503.

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The grass genus Poa L. is widespread throughout temperate areas of the Andes, being a common constituent in the highly diverse but threatened high-elevation páramo grasslands of northwest South America. Knowledge of Poa from these páramo areas is very limited, however, with no comprehensive taxonomic treatments available for Colombia, which contains the largest area of páramo in the Neotropics and its surrounding countries. We present a taxonomic revision of Poa for Colombia accepting 15 species, including two recent combinations of Poa previously circumscribed in Aphanelytrum (Hack.) Hack. We describe a new species, P. colombiana Soreng & Sylvester, and a new variety, P. subspicata (J. Presl) Kunth var. glabrata Soreng & Sylvester, for Colombia and Ecuador. Poa colombiana is similar to P. aequatoriensis Hack. but differs in having lemmas pubescent on the keel and marginal veins, lemma apices weakly acute, flag leaf sheath margins fused 20%–38% their length, and anthers generally larger, > 1.2 mm long. Poa subspicata var. glabrata differs from P. subspicata s. str. in having glabrous lemmas. We provide two new records for Colombia of P. huancavelicae Tovar, and P. mucuchachensis Luces. Two species, P. orthophylla Pilg. and P. reclinata (Swallen) Soreng & P. M. Peterson, are considered endemic to Colombia. Poa soderstromii Negritto & Anton is placed as a subspecies of P. orthophylla, and P. leioclada Hack. is synonymized under P. mulalensis Kunth. The names P. annua L. var. exilis Tomm. ex Freyn, P. humilis Ehrh. ex Hoffm., P. infirma Kunth, P. leioclada, P. orthophylla, P. pauciflora Roem. & Schult., P. pratensis L. subsp. irrigata (Lindm.) H. Lindb., P. puberula Steud., P. pubiflora Benth., P. subcaerulea Sm., P. subspicata, and P. trachyphylla Pilg. are lectotypified, P. mulalensis is neotypified, and P. trachyphylla is epitypified. Four species are exotic and introduced from Europe: P. annua, P. infirma, P. pratensis, and P. trivialis L. We provide a key, descriptions, illustrations, distribution and habitat information, vouchers, and notes for each species.

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Mifsud, Stephen. "Morphology of the invasive 'Carpobrotus' (Aizoaceae) in Europe: Malta as a case study." Mediterranean Botany 42 (March 8, 2021): e71195. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/mbot.71195.

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Since the late 19th century, different taxonomic views have been reported for Carpobrotus species occurring in the Maltese Islands, where the latest treatments imply two varieties of C. edulis and the doubtful occurrence of C. acinaciformis. Taxonomic inconsistencies are possibly derived from the poor understanding or misinterpretation of morphological characters. Moreover, the hybridogenous morphotypes resulting from horticultural advances make the determination of Carpobrotus even harder, especially with the application of outdated identification keys which do not take hybrids into account. The difficulty in determining Carpobrotus spp. has been expressed in several recent accounts within the Mediterranean region. A taxonomic investigation was carried out by applying eleven morphological characters adopted from recent monographs on 25 populations present in Malta. Three taxonomic units have been retrieved from the analyzed sample, where C. acinaciformis s.l. has been confirmed to represent all the purple-flowering populations and C. edulis s.s. for the yellow-flowering ones. Emphasis was given on the interpretation and understanding of distinctive morphological characters by employing a standardized method of assessment aided by images. This comparative morphological study resulted in a new characteristic in the leaves of C. edulis, by which it could be easily distinguished from C. acinaciformis in the vegetative state. A detailed discussion about the two different morphotypes of C. acinaciformis s.l. and dichotomous keys to distinguish Carpobrotus taxa are also provided.

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Wagner, Peter J., Martin Aberhan, Austin Hendy, and Wolfgang Kiessling. "The effects of taxonomic standardization on sampling-standardized estimates of historical diversity." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274, no. 1608 (November 14, 2006): 439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.3742.

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Occurrence-based databases such as the Palaeobiology database (PBDB) provide means of accommodating the heterogeneities of the fossil record when evaluating historical diversity patterns. Although palaeontologists have given ample attention to the effects of taxonomic practice on diversity patterns derived from synoptic databases (those using first and last appearances of taxa), workers have not examined the effects of taxonomic error on occurrence-based diversity studies. Here, we contrast diversity patterns and diversity dynamics between raw data and taxonomically vetted data in the PBDB to evaluate the effects of taxonomic errors. We examine three groups: Palaeozoic gastropods, Jurassic bivalves and Cenozoic bivalves. We contrast genus-level diversity patterns based on: (i) all occurrences assigned to a genus (i.e. both species records and records identifying only the genus), (ii) only occurrences for which a species is identified, and (iii) only occurrences for which a species is identified, but after vetting the genus to which the species is assigned. Extensive generic reassignments elevate origination and extinction rates within Palaeozoic gastropods and origination rates within Cenozoic bivalves. However, vetting increases generic richness markedly only for Cenozoic bivalves, and even then the increase is less than 10%. Moreover, the patterns of standing generic richness are highly similar under all three data treatments. Unless our results are unusual, taxonomic standardization can elevate diversity dynamics in some cases, but it will not greatly change inferred richness over time.

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BUCHELI, SIBYL RAE. "Annotated review and discussion of phylogenetically important characters for families and subfamilies of Gelechioidea (Insecta: Lepidoptera)." Zootaxa 2261, no. 1 (October 9, 2009): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2261.1.1.

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Gelechioidea is a large, diverse superfamily of microlepidoptera that is difficult to characterize due to its species richness. The main working taxonomic unit for Gelechioidea seems to be the subfamily level, although many researchers use the taxonomy of family and subfamily interchangeably. Some researchers believe the superfamily should be split into several superfamilies to better diagnose lineages. Only recently have there been attempts at comprehensive treatments that aim to address world fauna of the entire superfamily rather than focusing on a few local families. This work reviews the revisional history of Gelechioidea, focusing on major taxonomic publications. It also addresses character state delineation and terminology for many taxa in some cases establishing equivalence across authors for the first time. Finally, it reviews major trends in phylogenetics and classification of the megadiverse lineage Gelechioidea.

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MA, JINSHUANG, WEI CAO, QUANRU LIU, MING YU, and LIJUAN HAN. "A REVISION OF PHELLODENDRON (RUTACEAE)." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 63, no. 2-3 (July 2006): 131–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960428606000515.

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The genus Phellodendron (Rutaceae) is revised. This work is based on herbarium collections and field observations in eastern Asia. Two species are recognized: Phellodendron amurense Rupr. and Phellodendron chinense C.K.Schneid. All other specific and infraspecific names published in the genus are reduced to synonymy or excluded from the genus. Detailed morphology, character variability, an identification key, a distribution map, line drawings, and taxonomic treatments and lists of specimens examined are provided.

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Tatsika, Soultana, Katerina Karamanoli, Hera Karayanni, and Savvas Genitsaris. "Metagenomic Characterization of Bacterial Communities on Ready-to-Eat Vegetables and Effects of Household Washing on their Diversity and Composition." Pathogens 8, no. 1 (March 19, 2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8010037.

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Ready-to-eat (RTE) leafy salad vegetables are considered foods that can be consumed immediately at the point of sale without further treatment. The aim of the study was to investigate the bacterial community composition of RTE salads at the point of consumption and the changes in bacterial diversity and composition associated with different household washing treatments. The bacterial microbiomes of rocket and spinach leaves were examined by means of 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing. Overall, 886 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) were detected in the salads’ leaves. Proteobacteria was the most diverse high-level taxonomic group followed by Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. Although they were processed at the same production facilities, rocket showed different bacterial community composition than spinach salads, mainly attributed to the different contributions of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes to the total OTU number. The tested household decontamination treatments proved inefficient in changing the bacterial community composition in both RTE salads. Furthermore, storage duration of the salads at refrigeration temperatures affected the microbiome, by decreasing the bacterial richness and promoting the dominance of psychrotropic bacteria. Finally, both salads were found to be a reservoir of opportunistic human pathogens, while washing methods usually applied at home proved to be inefficient in their removal.

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Figary, Stephanie, Peter DeWitt, and Naomi Detenbeck. "pTITAN2: Permutation of treatment labels and Threshold Indicator Taxa ANalysis." F1000Research 11 (March 2, 2022): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.83714.1.

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Background: Taxa Indicator Threshold ANalysis (TITAN) was developed to identify thresholds along environmental gradients where rapid changes in taxa frequency and relative abundance are observed. TITAN determines separate change-points for increasing and decreasing taxa in aggregate, as well as change-points for individual taxa, with associated confidence intervals generated using bootstrapping. However, if TITAN is applied to different classes of observations, additional analyses besides using non-overlapping confidence intervals are needed to establish whether change-points differ between treatments or groups because non-overlapping confidence intervals can indicate significant differences but overlapping confidence intervals do not necessarily mean the null hypothesis cannot be rejected. Methods: To address this, we present a new R package, pTITAN2, which is an extension to the existing TITAN2 package. The pTITAN2 package was developed to enable comparisons of TITAN output between treatments by permutating the observed data between treatments and rerunning TITAN on the permuted data. Results: The pTITAN2 package includes two functions, occurrences and permute. The occurrences function selects the taxonomic codes to be used in a TITAN run while maintaining the most taxonomic details. The permute function is then used to create a list of permuted sets of taxa and environmental gradients. TITAN is then run again on the permuted data and p-value test can be calculated using the observed and permuted TITAN output to test for statistical differences between treatment effects. Conclusions: The package pTITAN2 is an extension of the existing TITAN2 package and enables users to perform the appropriate statistical tests and determine statistical differences without using overlapping confidence intervals.

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Thiede, Joachim. "Agave dealbata E.Morren ex K.Koch (Asparagaceae), the correct name for Agave dasylirioides Jacobi & C.D.Bouché (Nomenclature of Agave L. I)." Phytotaxa 163, no. 5 (March 31, 2014): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.163.5.5.

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The genus Agave Linné (1753: 323; Asparagaceae-Agavoideae) has played an important role for the indigenous civilizations of North America (“man-Agave symbiosis”) and is of considerable economical and horticultural importance (Gentry 1982). Many new Agave species were introduced between about 1860 and 1890 particularly from Mexico. Frequently, new taxa have a complicated nomenclatural history with often multiple introductions or descriptions by different, partly competing authors and in publications often difficult to access (e.g., Govaerts & Thiede 2013). This has led to a considerable number of incorrect author citations and/or places of publication in taxonomic treatments as well as databases such as IPNI (2013). In the framework of a second, updated edition of a taxonomic synopsis of Agave (Thiede, in prep.), at least some uncertain and controversial nomenclatural issues will need to be addressed, starting here with A. dealbata.

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Johnson, Clifford. "SPECIES IDENTIFICATION IN THE EASTERN CREMATOGASTER (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE)." Journal of Entomological Science 23, no. 4 (October 1, 1988): 314–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-23.4.314.

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New data and reviews of previous taxonomic treatments of eastern Crematogaster species confirm the synonymy of C. clara, in the Buren sense, with C. pilosa Emery, and C. punctulata Emery with C. lineolata (Say). Six eastern species are now recognized, C. ashmeadi Mayr, C. atkinsoni Wheeler, C. cerasi (Fitch), C. lineolata, C. pilosa and C. vermiculata Emery. Diagnostic characters, geographic distributions and habitats are discussed for each species, including an illustrated key to workers.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Taxonomic treatments'

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