Relevant bibliographies by topics / Taxonomic stady

Academic literature on the topic 'Taxonomic stady'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Taxonomic stady"

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Petrović, Andjeljko. "Sizing the Knowledge Gap in Taxonomy: The Last Dozen Years of Aphidiinae Research." Insects 13, no. 2 (February 5, 2022): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13020170.

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Taxonomic impediment is one of the main roadblocks to managing the current biodiversity crisis. Insect taxonomy is the biggest contributor to the taxonomic impediment, both in terms of the knowledge gap and the lack of experts. With this study, we tried to size the knowledge gap by analyzing taxonomical studies on the subfamily Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) conducted from 2010 to 2021. All available taxonomic knowledge gathered in this period is critically summarized: newly described species, detection of alien species, published identification keys, etc. All findings are discussed relative to the current state of general taxonomy. Future prospects for taxonomy are also discussed.
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Mol, Solange Maria, and Daniel Abud Seabra Matos. "Uma análise sobre a Taxonomia SOLO: aplicações na avaliação educacional." Estudos em Avaliação Educacional 30, no. 75 (January 31, 2020): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.18222/eae.v30i75.6593.

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<p>Os objetivos desta pesquisa são apresentar a Taxonomia SOLO como instrumento metodológico na avaliação educacional e realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre o uso dessa na avaliação educacional no Brasil. A SOLO é uma taxonomia cognitiva composta por cinco níveis que crescem em complexidade: 1) pré-estrutural; 2) uniestrutural; 3) multiestrutural; 4) relacional; e 5) abstrato estendido. Esses níveis são subdivididos em duas categorias de aprendizagem: superficial e profunda. A SOLO apresenta muitas aplicações: avaliação de sala de aula, avaliação externa, formação de professores, elaboração de questões, entre outras. O número reduzido de pesquisas encontradas confirma o pouco uso dessa taxonomia no cenário brasileiro. Assim a contribuição do nosso trabalho é apresentar a SOLO e seus usos.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave:</strong> Taxonomia SOLO, Desenvolvimento Cognitivo, Avaliação da Educação</p><p> </p><p><strong>Un análisis sobre la Taxonomía SOLO: aplicaciones en la evaluación educacional</strong></p><p>Los objetivos de este estudio son presentar la Taxonomía SOLO como un instrumento metodológico en la evaluación educacional y realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre su utilización en la evaluación educativa en Brasil. SOLO es una taxonomía cognitiva compuesta de cinco niveles cuya complejidad aumenta: 1) preestructural; 2) uniestructural; 3) multiestructural; 4) relacional; y 5) abstracto extendido. Tales niveles se subdividen en dos categorías de aprendizaje: superficial y profunda. SOLO presenta muchas aplicaciones: evaluación del aula, evaluación externa, formación de profesores, elaboración de preguntas, entre otras. El reducido número de investigaciones encontradas confirma el poco uso de dicha taxonomía en el escenario brasileño. Por ello, la contribución de nuestro trabajo es presentar SOLO y sus usos.</p><p><strong>Palabras clave:</strong> Taxonomía Solo, Desarrollo Cognitivo, Evaluación de la Educación</p><p> </p><p><strong>An analysis of SOLO Taxonomy: applications in educational evaluation</strong></p><p>This study aimed to present the SOLO Taxonomy as a methodological tool in educational assessment and to conduct a review of the literature about its use in educational assessment in Brazil. SOLO is a taxonomy comprised of five hierarchical levels of cognitive complexity:1) prestructural; 2) unistructural; 3) multistructural; 4) relational; and 5) extended abstract. These levels are divided into two categories of learning: surface and deep. The SOLO presents many applications: classroom assessment, large scale assessment, teacher training, item formulation, among others. The reduced number of studies confirms the little use of this taxonomy in Brazil. Thus, our study contribution is to present SOLO and its uses.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Solo Taxonomy, Cognitive Development, Evaluation of the Education</p>
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Kazachenko, Oleksandr V., Olesia K. Vasyliaka, Larysa V. Chornozub, and Olha M. Musychenko. "Taxonomy of compulsory and incentive legal consequences (legal measures) of committing illegal acts." Cuestiones Políticas 38, Especial II (December 8, 2020): 151–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.382e.11.

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The article is prepared for the purpose of publishing the results of scientific research obtained in the process of applying the taxonomic methodology for systematization of measures of legal influence. The methodology used the approaches of philosophical and legal theorization, a dog and systemic functional. One way of conclusion is proposed for the first time to use the taxonomies of legal measures. The study highlighted three aspects of legal measures: relational, predicate and functional. The relational manifestation of taxonomy allowed to identify the substrate of the external form of legal influence, which is the measure. It has been established that the form and method of legal influence is the dominant element of each legal measure. The predicative dimension of taxonomy allowed to form a taxonomic system of information in which the following taxonomic categories and taxa are distinguished: type - social events; subtype - legal measures; class - public and private legal measures; gender - separation of legal measures according to their sectoral affiliation; subgenre: the allocation of incentives and coercive measures; supervision - legal measures in their various forms and other measures that have no signs of legal liability.
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Sancho-Chavarria, Lilliana, Fabian Beck, and Erick Mata-Montero. "An expert study on hierarchy comparison methods applied to biological taxonomies curation." PeerJ Computer Science 6 (June 29, 2020): e277. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.277.

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Comparison of hierarchies aims at identifying differences and similarities between two or more hierarchical structures. In the biological taxonomy domain, comparison is indispensable for the reconciliation of alternative versions of a taxonomic classification. Biological taxonomies are knowledge structures that may include large amounts of nodes (taxa), which are typically maintained manually. We present the results of a user study with taxonomy experts that evaluates four well-known methods for the comparison of two hierarchies, namely, edge drawing, matrix representation, animation and agglomeration. Each of these methods is evaluated with respect to seven typical biological taxonomy curation tasks. To this end, we designed an interactive software environment through which expert taxonomists performed exercises representative of the considered tasks. We evaluated participants’ effectiveness and level of satisfaction from both quantitative and qualitative perspectives. Overall quantitative results evidence that participants were less effective with agglomeration whereas they were more satisfied with edge drawing. Qualitative findings reveal a greater preference among participants for the edge drawing method. In addition, from the qualitative analysis, we obtained insights that contribute to explain the differences between the methods and provide directions for future research.
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Santos, Daniella Soares dos, Simone Roque Mazoni, and Emília Campos de Carvalho. "Emprego da taxonomia da nanda no Brasil: revisão integrativa." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 3, no. 1 (December 30, 2008): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/reuol.286-1620-2-rv.0301200922.

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ABSTRACTObjectives: to identify and to classify the studies developed in Brazil that had used in the practical assistential the Taxonomy of the NANDA. Method: integrative review of the literature, carried through in the databases LILACS and MEDLINE, using itself the word-key Taxonomy and NANDA, being selected studies with summary, published in Brazil and that presented the practical application of the taxonomy. Results: of the 46 selected studies, 80.4% had been developed in the clinical area and excessively in the surgical area. It had predominance of prospectives studies in the hospital scene; the used theoretical referencial more had been of Horta and Orem. The studies had presented the descriptive delineations and study of case, having been classified as evidence level 4. Conclusion: the evidences point with respect to the use of the Taxonomy of the NANDA as bases for the development of the nursing assistance considering the universality of the language used in the practical area, the individuality of the necessities presented for the customers in the diverse scenes, the aiding of the education of the customer/family, to the results reached with specific interventions. Describers: taxonomy; nursing; diagnosis.RESUMOObjetivos: identificar e classificar os estudos desenvolvidos no Brasil que empregaram na prática assistencial a Taxonomia da NANDA. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada nas bases de dados LILACS e MEDLINE, utilizando-se as palavras-chave Taxonomia e NANDA, sendo selecionados estudos com resumo, publicados no Brasil e que apresentassem a aplicação prática da taxonomia. Resultados: dos 46 estudos selecionados, 80,4% foram desenvolvidos na área clínica e os demais na área cirúrgica. Houve predomínio de estudos prospectivos no cenário hospitalar; os referenciais teóricos mais empregados foram os de Horta e Orem. Os estudos apresentaram os delineamentos descritivos e estudo de caso, sendo classificados como nível 4 de evidência. Conclusão: as evidências apontam para a utilização da Taxonomia da NANDA como sustentáculo para o desenvolvimento da assistência de enfermagem considerando a universalidade da linguagem utilizada na prática, a individualidade das necessidades apresentadas pelos clientes nos diversos cenários, o favorecimento da educação do cliente/família, a resultados atingidos com intervenções específicas. Descritores: taxonomia; enfermagem; diagnóstico.RESUMENObjetivos: identificar y clasificar los estudios se convirtieron en el Brasil que había utilizado en el assistencial práctico la taxonomía del NANDA. Método: revisión de Integrativa de la literatura, llevada a través en las LILAS de las bases de datos y el MEDLINE, usándose la taxonomía y el NANDA de la palabra-llave, siendo estudios seleccionados con el resumen, publicado en el Brasil y ése presentaron el uso práctico de la taxonomía. Resultados: de los 46 seleccionó los estudios, 80.4% tenidos convertido en el área clínica y excesivamente en el área quirúrgica. Tenía predominio de los estudios de los prospectivos en la escena del hospital; los referenciais teóricos usados habían estado más de Horta y de Oren. Los estudios habían presentado las delineaciones y el estudio descriptivos del caso, siendo clasificado como nivel 4 de la evidencia. Resultados: las evidencias señalan con respecto al uso de la taxonomía del NANDA como sustentáculo para el desarrollo de la ayuda del oficio de enfermera que considera la universalidad de la lengua usada en la práctica, la individualidad de las necesidades presentadas para los clientes en las escenas diversas, el ayudar de la educación del cliente/de la familia, los resultados alcanzados con intervenciones específicas. Describers: taxonomia; enfermería; diagnosis.
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Luc, Michel, Marcelo E. Doucet, Renaud Fortuner, Pablo Castillo, Wilfrieda Decraemer, and Paola Lax. "Usefulness of morphological data for the study of nematode biodiversity." Nematology 12, no. 4 (2010): 495–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/138855410x508697.

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Abstract Public interest in biodiversity has never been so high, but the necessary inventory of existing species is hindered by the scarcity of taxonomists able to characterise and describe new species (α-taxonomy). This situation is particularly worrisome in nematology where only a small fraction of the estimated 105 to 108 existing species has been described and where experienced taxonomists are fast disappearing while the few that are still active find it increasingly difficult to publish morphological descriptions and to get financial support for biodiversity studies. The present disregard for α-taxonomy is said to originate from the excessive reliance by funding agencies and academic authorities on the Impact Factors attributed to scientific journals by ISI (Institute for Scientific Information). Molecular studies gave back some support and prestige to taxonomy, but that approach suffers from some limitations and it cannot be used alone for reaching taxonomic conclusions. In addition, any described DNA sequence should always be linked to a named species whose morphology has been correctly described by a trained taxonomist. The authors call for a renewed interest in α-taxonomy. Electronic publication according to the Code of Zoological Nomenclature would be one solution, but journals and authors seem reluctant to accept it. A variant would be to publish on paper only the diagnosis of the new species. The complete descriptions could be deposited in an Internet database but the setting-up of such a database would be a costly enterprise that would require several years of work by a team composed of morphological and molecular taxonomists and computer scientists.
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Sánchez-Hernández, Javier. "Taxonomy-based differences in feeding guilds of fish." Current Zoology 66, no. 1 (April 2, 2019): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cz/zoz015.

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Abstract It has been taken for granted that feeding guilds and behavior in animals are linked to the taxonomic relatedness of species, but empirical evidence supporting such relationship is virtually missing. To examine the importance of taxonomy on trophic ecology, I here present the first well-resolved dietary taxonomy analysis based on feeding guilds (predation, herbivory, and filtering) among families and genera within the fish order Perciformes. Taxonomic relatedness in feeding did not vary with ecosystem dimension (marine vs. freshwater). Although predation dominates among Perciformes fishes, this study shows that in most cases taxonomic units (family or genus) are composed by species with several feeding guilds. Related species are more similar in feeding compared with species that are taxonomically more distant, demonstrating that there is a greater variation of feeding guilds within families than genera. Thus, there is no consistency in feeding guilds between family- and genus-level taxonomy. This study provides empirical support for the notion that genera are more informative than families, underlining that family-level taxonomy should be avoided to infer feeding habits of fish species at finer taxonomic resolution. Thus, the choice of taxonomic resolution (family or genus level) in ecological studies is key to avoid information loss and misleading results. I conclude that high-rank taxonomic units (i.e., above the generic level) are not appropriate to test research hypotheses about the feeding of fish.
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JIAO, BO-HAN, LI-LI LU, CHEN CHEN, MENG WEI, JIA-HAO SHEN, YUAN YUAN, YU-FEI WANG, and TIAN-GANG GAO. "Evaluating the taxonomy of macrofossils used in macroevolution: a case study of Artemisia (Asteraceae)." Phytotaxa 572, no. 1 (November 8, 2022): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.8.

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Fossils recorded information of the past phenotype and geographic distribution directly. Incorporating fossils information into phylogenies of living taxa would deepen our understanding of their macroevolution. Accurate taxonomy of these fossils is the first step before employing them. However, the taxonomy of some fossils has not been evaluated carefully. Here we take Artemisia as an example. We investigated the morphology of all the available Artemisia macrofossils based on the latest phylogeny and evaluated their taxonomic identities by comparing them with extant representative species. Our result showed that the taxonomic identities of these macrofossils are doubted. They would better not be treated as members of Artemisia for subsequent phylogenetic or biogeographic studies. This study improves our knowledge of the morphology of Artemisia, highlights the importance of careful morphological comparisons between fossils and living taxa, and reveals that attention should be given to the uncertainty of the fossil taxonomy.
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De Raad, Boele, Dick P. H. Barelds, Marieke E. Timmerman, Kim De Roover, Boris Mlačić, and A. Timothy Church. "Towards A Pan–Cultural Personality Structure: Input from 11 Psycholexical Studies." European Journal of Personality 28, no. 5 (September 2014): 497–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.1953.

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The purpose of the present study is to find the common kernel of different trait taxonomic studies and find out how the individual structures relate to this common kernel. Trait terms from 11 psycholexically based taxonomies were all translated into English. On the basis of the commonalities in English, the 11 matrices were merged into a joint matrix with 7104 subjects and 1993 trait terms. Untranslatable terms produced large areas with missing data. To arrive at the kernel structure of the joint matrix, a simultaneous component analysis was applied. In addition, the kernel structures were compared with the individual taxonomy trait structures, obtained via principal component analysis. The findings provide evidence of a structure consisting of three components to stand out as the core of the taxonomies included in this study; those components were named dynamism, affiliation, and order. Moreover, the relations between these three kernel components and those of a six–component solution (completing the six–factor model) are provided. Copyright © 2014 European Association of Personality Psychology
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Hoffman, Joel Christopher, Christy Meredith, Erik Pilgrim, Anett Trebitz, Chelsea Hatzenbuhler, John Russell Kelly, Gregory Peterson, Julie Lietz, Sara Okum, and John Martinson. "Comparison of larval fish detections using morphology-based taxonomy versus high-throughput sequencing for invasive species early detection." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 78, no. 6 (June 2021): 752–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2020-0224.

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When first introduced, invasive species typically evade detection; DNA barcoding coupled with high-throughput sequencing (HTS) may be more sensitive and accurate than morphology-based taxonomy and thereby improve invasive (or rare) species detection. We quantified the relative error of species detection between morphology-based and HTS-based taxonomic identification of ichthyoplankton collections from the Port of Duluth, Minnesota, an aquatic non-native species introduction “hot-spot” in the Laurentian Great Lakes. We found HTS-based taxonomy identified 28 species and morphology-based taxonomy identified 30 species, of which 27 were common to both. Among samples, 76% of family-level taxonomic assignments agreed; however, only 42% of species assignments agreed. Most errors were attributed to morphology-based taxonomy, whereas HTS-based taxonomy error was low. For this study system, for most non-native fishes, the detection probability by randomized survey for larvae was similar to that by a survey that is optimized for non-native species early detection of juveniles and adults. We conclude that classifying taxonomic errors by comparing HTS results against morphology-based taxonomy is an important step toward incorporating HTS-based taxonomy into biodiversity surveys.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Taxonomic stady"

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Linder, Tyler R. "Rotational Study of Ambiguous Taxonomic Type Asteroids." Thesis, The University of North Dakota, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10616215.

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Researchers have been categorizing asteroids by color for decades in an attempt to better understand asteroid composition and potential links to the meteorite population. However, only recently through large data collection surveys like the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) has the asteroid population as a whole been studied. This research will look at a subset of asteroids with the highest reflectivity differences as reported by Carvano et al. (2010) in order to answer the question: Can visible wavelength ambiguous taxonomic asteroid types be an indicator of a non-homogeneous surface?

This research studied asteroid 2453 (Wabash) in great detailed with visible spectrophotometry and near-infrared spectra. The results show that although a minor non-homogeneous surface was identified the non-homogenous surface is the not the primary source of the SDSS detected taxonomic variation.

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Roop, Roy Martin. "A taxonomic study of the genus Campylobacter." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71253.

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One hundred and eighteen (118) Campylobacter strains were studied by DNA homology experiments and characterized phenotypically. These strains formed eleven (11) distinct DNA homology groups (species) corresponding to C. fetus, C. "hyointestinalis", C. jejuni, C. coli, C. laridis, C. nitrofigilis, C. sputorum, C. mucosalis, C. concisus, and two unnamed groups currently referred to as the aerotolerant campylobacters and the "catalase-negative or weak" (CNW) strains. For practical reasons, we propose retaining the subspecies fetus and venerealis designations for C. fetus. In addition, we propose that the subspecies sputorum and bubulus designations for C. sputorum be dropped and replaced with biovars sputorum, bubulus and fecalis, the latter biovar including the catalase-positive strains formerly known as C. “fecalis". Biotyping schemes are also presented for C. jejuni and C. coli. Growth at 25 and 42°C, sensitivity to nalidixic acid and cephalothin, growth in semisolid medium containing 1% glycine, 1% oxgall or 3.5% NaCl, growth in a semisolid minimal medium (MM), anaerobic growth in 0.1% trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), H₂S production in Sulfide-Indole-Motility (SIM) medium, or on triple sugar iron (TSI) agar slants, hippurate hydrolysis, aerobic growth on agar plates, a requirement for H₂ or formate for microaerophilic growth or H₂ or formate and fumarate for anaerobic growth, alkaline phosphatase activity, and deoxyribonuclease (DNase) activity proved to be the most useful phenotypic characteristics for identifying these strains at the species, subspecies and biovar levels.
Ph. D.
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Rossel, Gerda. "Taxonomic-linguistic study of plantain in Africa /." Leiden : Research school CNWS, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41136068g.

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Sitjà, Poch Cèlia. "The bathyal connections between the Mediterranean Sea and the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean: An assessment using deep-water sponges as a case study." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672200.

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The general outline of this thesis was to assess the potential of the Mediterranean water masses to transport deep-sea fauna towards the Atlantic Ocean. By examining the effects that the bathyal water mases moving from the Eastern Mediterranean basin towards the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean may have on the relationships of the deep-water sponge fauna, a case study is provided. Prior to using the sponge fauna as a deep-water biogeographic tool, new collections of deep-sea sponges needed to be conducted in order to increase the faunal resolution at the two most important transitional areas across the bathyal trajectory from the Eastern Mediterranean to the Atlantic, the Strait of Gibraltar and the Strait of Sicily, which remained poorly studied. In this context, the specific objectives of this thesis were as it follows: 1. To complete the previous limited knowledge on the deep-water sponge fauna at key transition areas along the trajectory of the bathyal water mases. 1.1. To provide the missing qualitative and quantitative knowledge of the bathyal sponge fauna at the most Eastern-Atlantic side of the Strait of Gibraltar, focusing on a mud volcano system at the Gulf of Cádiz that spans the entire range of bathyal depths. 1.2. To underpin the qualitative knowledge of the deep-water sponge fauna at the most Western-Mediterranean side of the Strait of Gibraltar, focusing on the deep shelf and upper slope of the Alboran Island. 1.3. To underpin the qualitative knowledge of the deep-water sponge fauna at the Eastern-Mediterranean side of the Strait of Sicily, focusing on the deep shelf and slope of the Maltese Islands. 1.4. To put into practice basic genetic techniques to aid in the identification of species that remain unresolvable through the classical phenetic approach, providing an example case for a more integrative sponge taxonomy. 2. To assess the effects of local environmental variables on the qualitative and quantitative distribution of abundances of the sponges across a complete bathymetric bathyal range, focussing on the mud volcanoes of the Gulf of Cádiz as a case study. 3. To examine the affinities of the deep-water sponge fauna across the trajectory of the bathyal water masses running from the Eastern Mediterranean to the Northeastern Atlantic.
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Chikuni, Augustine Charles. "A taxonomic study of Brachystegia benth. (Caesalpinioideae-leguminosae)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297896.

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Giraldo, López Dixie Alejandra. "Taxonomic study of clinical and environmental isolates of arthroconidial, acremonium-like and ochroconis-like fungi." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/292251.

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En aquets tesis es vol enfocar en l'estudi dels géneres fúngics Acremonium, Arthrographis, Arthropsis, Ochroconis, Sarocladium, Scytalidium i Verruconis. Alguns d'ells són ocasionalment aïllats de mostres clíbiques, encara què, l'espectre real de les seves espècies en l'area clínica es poc coneguda, sumant-li la seva difícil identificació i complexa taxonomia. Es van estudiar un total de 248 aïllats, 131 obtingust de mostres clíniques o de sòls i 117 corresponents a soques tipus o de referència de col.leccions internacionals de cultius. La caracterizació fenotípica dels aïllats es va realitzar a traves de l'observació de les seves característiques macroscópiques i microscópiques. La identificació molecular, mitjacant la seqüenciació de les regions ribosomals ITS i LSU. Per obtenir una millor resolució filogenética entre algunes espècies, es van seqüenciar regions parcials d'altres gens (actina, tubulina, factor de elongació, RNA polimerasa i quitina sintasa). L'activitat in vitro d'alguns antifúngics va a ser evaluata front a espècies de Arthrographis, Arthropsis, Ochroconis i Scytalidium. Apart de les espècies comunment conegudes com a patògens oportunistes A. kalrae i V. gallopava, altres espècies no conegudas previament a partir de mostres clíniques vàren ser identificades (Arthropsis hispanica, Sarocladium terricola, Scytalidium cuboideum i Ochroconis cordanae). Incluint les noves espècies descrites aquí: Acremonium dimorphosporum, A. moniliforme, Arthrographis chlamydospora, A.
pseudostrictum i S. subulatum. Adicionalment, quatre géneres nous, Acremoniopsis, Brunneomyces, Cervusimilis i Collarina i 16 nous taxons, Acremoniopsis suttonii, Acremonium asperulatum, A. citrinum, A: parvum, A: pilosum, A. variecolor, Brunneomyces brunnescens, B. hominis, B. europaeus, Cervusimilis alba, Collarina aurantiaca, Ochroconis icarus, Sarocladium gamsii, S. implicatum, S. summerbellii i S. terricola, vàren ser descrits de mostres de diferents origens. En general, les proves de sensibilitat antifúngica mostrar que la terbinafina va ser la droga més activa davant les espècies avaluades, excepte per S. cuboideum, on el posaconazol va a mostrar la millor activitat En esta tesis nos enfocamos en el estudio de los géneros fúngicos Acremonium, Arthrographis, Arthropsis, Ochroconis, Sarocladium, Scytalidium y Verruconis. Algunos de ellos son ocasionalmente aislados de muestras clínicas, sin embargo, el espectro real de sus especies en el área clínica es poco conocido, sumado a su difícil identificación y compleja taxonomía. Se estudiaron un total de 248 aislados, 131 obtenidos de muestras clínicas o de suelos y 117 correspondientes a cepas tipo o de referencia de colecciones internacionales de cultivos. La caracterización fenotípica de los aislados se realizó a través de la observación de sus características macroscópicas y microscópicas, y la identificación molecular, mediante la secuencación de las regiones ribosomales ITS y LSU. Para obtener una mejor resolución filogenética entre algunas especies, se secuenciaron regiones parciales de otros genes (actina, tubulina, factor de elongación, RNA polimerasa II y quitina sintasa). La actividad in vitro de varios antifúngicos fue evaluada frente a especies de Arthrographis, Arthropsis, Ochroconis y Scytalidium. Aparte de las especies comunmente reportadas como patógenos oportunistas, Arthrographis kalrae y Verruconis gallopava, otras especies no reportadas previamente a partir de muestras clínicas fueron identificadas (Arthropsis hispanica, Sarocladium terricola, Scytalidium cuboideum y Ochroconis cordanae), incluyendo las nuevas especies descritas aquí:
Ochroconis olivacea, O. ramosa, Sarocladium bifurcatum, S. hominis, S. pseudostrictum y S. subulatum. Adicionalmente, cuatro géneros nuevos, Acremoniopsis, Brunneomyces, Cervusimilis y Collarina, y 16 nuevos taxones, Acremoniopsis suttonii, Acremonium asperulatum, A. citrinum, A. parvum, A. pilosum, A: variecolor, Brunneomyces brunnescens, B. hominis, B. europaeus, Cervusimilis alba, Collarina aurantiaca, Ochroconis icarus, Sarocladium gamsii, S. implicatum, S. sumerbellii y S. terricola, fueron descritos de muestras de diversos orígenes. En general, las pruebas de sensibilidad antifúngica revelaron que la terbinafina fué la droga más activa frente a las especies evaluadas, excepto para S. cuboideum, donde el posaconazol mostró la mejor actividad. In this thesis, we have studied the fungal genera Acremonium, Arthrographis, Arthropsis, Ochroconis, Sarocladium, Scytalidium and Verruconis. Some of them are occasionally recovered from clinical specimens, but the real spectrum of their species in the clinical setting is poorly known. Furthermore, the scarce morphological differentiation of their species make difficult their identification and taxonomy. A total of 248 isolates were studied. 131 obtained from clinical or soil samples and 117 corresponding to type or reference strains from international culture collections. Phenotypical characterization was performed by the observation of their macroscopic and microscopic features in artificial media. Molecular identification was assessed by sequencing of two ribosomal regions (ITS and partial LSU). To obtain deeper phylogenetic resolution of some species, fragments of different loci were also used (actin, tubulin, translation elongation factor, RNA polymerase II and chitin syntase). The in vitro activity of several antifungal drugs was evaluated against Arthrographis, Arthropsis, Ochroconis and Scytalidium species. Apart from the commonly reported opportunistic species Arthrographis kalrae and Verruconis gallopava, other species never associated before to clinical specimens were identified (Arthropsis hispanica, Sarocladium terricola, Scytalidium cuboideum, Ochroconis
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Dawson, Christine A. "Taxonomy and identification of the genus Vibrio." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/35331.

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A probability matrix for computer-assisted identification of vibrios has been constructed, based on the API20E system. Data were gathered from 173 strains representing 31 taxa of vibrios and related organisms, from a variety of sources. The matrix was tested internally by four statistical programs. Program OVERMAT and program MOSTTYP tested the separation and homogeneity of the taxa. Most of the taxa were satisfactory but a few were less so; reasons for this are discussed. Program CHARSEP and program DIACHAR tested the separation and diagnostic values, respectively, of the 50 characters used and from the results a shorter diagnostic test set was drawn up. The overall test error rate was 4.5%. The matrix was assessed externally by its performance in the identification of vibrio-like strains isolated from freshwater. The overall success rate for identification was 84%, using a Willcox score of ?0.99. The data generated for 172 of the reference strains and 243 wild strains were subjected to numerical taxonomic analysis. The main purpose of these analyses was to verify the quality of the identification scheme. Nevertheless the results produced were in good agreement with those of more detailed taxonomic studies. The taxonomic position of some named and some unnamed groups of Vibrio and Aeromonas was clarified, and taxa showing poor distinction were highlighted. An ecological survey was carried out to determine the distribution and seasonal occurrence of vibrios in various freshwater sites in the U.K. The results showed that species of vibrio both pathogenic and non-pathogenic for man, are widely distributed in rivers and canals. Some of the species considered to be indigenous to the waters. The role of these organisms in the freshwater environment remains to be determined.
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JURÁŇ, Josef. "Floristic-taxonomic study of the Euglenophytes." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-393316.

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Yang, Ya-Zu, and 楊雅如. "Taxonomic study of Morus in Taiwan." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95738902318523399950.

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碩士
國立中興大學
生命科學院碩士在職專班
94
The indigenous and naturalized plants of Morus in Taiwan would be identified as the two species: M. alba and M. australis. They often grow in the open fields of lowlands and up to the mountains of median elevation. There are 10 taxa to be introduced and cultivated in Taiwan, i.e., M. alba var. macrophylla, var. pendula, var. pyramidalis, var. venosa; M. bombycis cv. ‘Aurantus’ ; M. mongolica var. diabolica; M. Multicaulis; M. nigra, M. nigra cv. ‘Longiflora’ ; M. rubra. These plants are highly morphologically variable and result in many species complexes distributing widely. Therefore, they are somewhat difficult to identify. Each taxonomist had suggested the different systematic treatments of the Morus plants in Taiwan. In order to understand the mechanism of speciation and the interrelationship among species, we employ the RAPD method to study those plants of 25 populations collected from Taiwan. The RAPD dendrogram reveals the genetic similarity coefficients of them being between 0.38-0.89. Most evolutionary variations mainly appear among the individuals of those plants, and they show different genetic combinations; the different environments of their sites affect their internal genetic genes and derive into the various gene flows. According to the studies of our collecting materials, we could find the hybrids reproduced from the parental species of M. alba and M. australis or M. australis and M. multicaulis. Their occurrence could be supported by the data of their morphological characteristics and RAPD analysis. The economical values and medicinal resources of those plants would also be studied. All results could be used for the sustainable utilization of Morus plant resources in Taiwan.
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Chen, Chi Yung, and 陳志勇. "Taxonomic Study of the Taiwan Neritidae." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64654620671345717284.

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碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
生物研究所
91
In this report, Neritids of Taiwan are classified into 5 genera base on their operculum, radulae, shell characters and sequence analysis of 16S rDNA. Observing the characters of operculum, Septaria was grouped into one taxon. Then examining the radulae, Clithon, Nerita, Neritina amd Smaragdia are separated into four different taxon. But radulae is not unobvious to be separated Clithon and Neritina, this study uses the 16S rDNA sequence analysis to help the classification of Neritina and Clithon. The final step, identifying the traits of the shell, this report classifies the Neritidae into 5 genera and 42 species. 1. Genus Clithon: 6 species. 2. Genus Nerita: 20 species. (2 Spp. New record) 3. Genus Neritina: 9 species. (2 Spp. New record) 4. Genus Septaria: 4 species. (1 Spp. New record) 5. Genus Smaragdia: 2 species. (1 Spp. New record) New records : Nerita helicinoides tristis (Pilsbry, 1901)、Nerita rumphii Rècluz, 1841、Neritina crepiduralia (Lamarck, 1818)、Neritina waigiensis (Lesson, 1831)、Septaria cumingiana (Rècluz, 1843) and Smaragdia paulucciana Gassies, 1870。
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Books on the topic "Taxonomic stady"

1

C, Srivastava S., ed. Indian hornworts: A taxonomic study. Berlin: J. Cramer, 1991.

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Srivastava, Abha. Indian geocalycaceae (hepaticae): A taxonomic study. Dehra Dun: Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, 2002.

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Pillai, R. S. Gymnophiona (Amphibia) of India: A taxonomic study. 2nd ed. Kolkata: Zoological Survey of India, 2005.

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Pillai, R. S. Gymnophiona (Amphibia) of India: A taxonomic study. Calcutta: Zoological Survey of India, 1999.

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Rossel, Gerda. Taxonomic-linguistic study of plantain in Africa. Leiden, the Netherlands: Research School CNWS, School of Asian, African and Amerindian Studies, 1998.

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Kitayama, Taiju. A Taxonomic study of the japanese Sphacelaria (Sphacelariales, Phaeophyceae). Tokyo: National Science Museum, 1994.

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Campos, Martha Rocha. Freshwater crabs from Colombia: A taxonomic and distributional study. Bogotá, D.C., Colombia: Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, 2005.

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Hiromitsu, Hagiwara. The taxonomic study of Japanese dictyostelid cellular slime molds. Tokyo: National Science Museum, 1989.

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Khynriam, Dimos. Taxonomic study on nemacheiline loaches of North East India. Kolkata: Zoological Survey of India, 2014.

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Taxonomic charts of theology and biblical studies. Grand Rapids, Mich: Zondervan, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Taxonomic stady"

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Rees, Paul A. "Taxonomy and biodiversity." In Key questions in ecology: a study and revision guide, 31–46. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247572.0031.

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Kishore, Priyanka, Neelam Mangwani, Hirak R. Dash, and Surajit Das. "Taxonomic Study of Antibiotic-Producing Marine Actinobacteria." In Marine Microbiology, 45–58. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527665259.ch04.

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Thaenkham, Urusa, Kittipong Chaisiri, and Abigail Hui En Chan. "Parasitic Helminth Sample Preparation for Taxonomic Study." In Molecular Systematics of Parasitic Helminths, 225–42. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1786-8_9.

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Sara, M. "A Study on the Genus Tethya A (Porifera Demospongiae) and New Perspectives in Sponge Systematics." In Taxonomy of Porifera, 205–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70892-3_10.

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Rees, Paul A. "Principles of classification and taxonomy." In Key questions in biodiversity: a study and revision guide, 1–16. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248630.0001.

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Abstract This chapter contains questions on the classification and taxonomy of living things and its history along with questions on some important historical figures and their publications. The questions are divided into three levels, i.e. foundation, intermediate, and advanced. Knowledge of basic facts are dealt with at the foundation level while the intermediate level and advanced levels contain questions involving more obscure facts and concepts.
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Javornický, Pavel. "Taxonomic notes on some freshwater planktonic Cryptophyceae based on light microscopy." In Phytoplankton and Equilibrium Concept: The Ecology of Steady-State Assemblages, 271–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2666-5_21.

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Segers, Hendrik. "An analysis of taxonomic studies on Rotifera: a case study." In Rotifera VIII: A Comparative Approach, 9–14. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4782-8_2.

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Yuzhou, Du, and He Junhua. "Progress on Taxonomic Study of the Family Perlidae from China." In Trends in Research in Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera, 369–75. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1257-8_43.

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Rees, Paul A. "Answers." In Key questions in biodiversity: a study and revision guide, 173–206. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248630.0011.

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Dhang, Partho, Philip Koehler, Roberto Pereira, and Daniel D. Dye, II. "Bed bugs." In Key questions in urban pest management: a study and revision guide, 31–38. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800620179.0004.

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Conference papers on the topic "Taxonomic stady"

1

Prokopyev, A. S., O. D. Chernova, and T. N. Kataeva. "Taxonomic analysis of the collection of rare plants Siberian Botanical Garden of TSU." In Botanical Gardens as Centers for Study and Conservation of Phyto-Diversity. TSU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-956-3-2020-48.

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Mitrenina, E. Yu, and A. S. Erst. "A cytogenetic approach to the study of Ranunculaceae." In Problems of studying the vegetation cover of Siberia. TSU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-927-3-2020-24.

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Plant chromosomes investigation has an about 140 years-old history. A cytogenetic approach keeps being relevant to the systematics and phylogeny problem solving, although the molecular genetic methods are widely used. The comparative karyotype analysis as a part of the integrative taxonomic approach is used successfully along with morphological, molecular genetic, phytochemical, and other methods to study plants of different taxonomic groups, including fam. Ranunculaceae Juss.
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Shaowei Wang, D. Lo, and Xingxiao Jiang. "Understanding Widespread Changes: A Taxonomic Study." In 2013 17th European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering (CSMR 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csmr.2013.11.

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Komeda, Yoto. "Taxonomic study of Japanese Teleasini (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae)." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.112531.

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Zaychikova, Ekaterina V. "Biostratigraphy of the upper jurassic of the Verkh-Tarskaya drilling area (South of Western Siberia in foraminifera)." In Недропользование. Горное дело. Направления и технологии поиска, разведки и разработки месторождений полезных ископаемых. Экономика. Геоэкология. Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт нефтегазовой геологии и геофизики им. А.А. Трофимука Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18303/b978-5-4262-0102-6-2020-009.

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The study of the taxonomic composition of foraminifera in the wells of the Verkh-Tarskaya drilling area formed the basis of this study. This made it possible to clarify the content of the complexes and trace the zones and layers with foraminifera. The biostratigraphic characteristics of the middle oxfordian-lower volgian sediments are also presented in the work, and changes in the taxonomic composition and structure of foraminifera complexes from wells in the Verkh-Tarsky district.
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Hamada, Fatma A., Ahmed El-Banhawy, Faten Y. Ellmouni, Widad Al-Juhani, Rabab R. Makharita, and Iman H. Nour. "Comparative Taxonomic Study of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile (Zygophyllaceae)." In IECPS 2021. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecps2021-12060.

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Hirowatari, Toshiya. "A taxonomic study of the genusAnatrachyntisMeyrick (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae) in Japan." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.113125.

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Lyakhovchenko, N. S., V. Yu Senchenkov, D. A. Myagkov, D. A. Pribylov, A. A. Chepurina, I. A. Nikishin, A. A. Avakova, et al. "Determination of the taxonomic affiliation of the native isolate of the pigment-forming bacterium, separated from the Vezelka river of the city of Belgorod." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.157.

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The paper presents the results of a study of an aboriginal isolate of a pigment-forming bacterium isolated from the Vezelka River in the city of Belgorod, which makes it possible to determine its taxonomic affiliation.
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Silva, Joany, Carolina Zabini, and Luiz Weinschütz. "Taxonomic study of brachiopods (Lingulidae) from Lontras Shale, Paraná Basin, Brazil." In Congresso de Iniciação Científica UNICAMP. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/revpibic2720193032.

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Villaseca Robertson, Andrea. "RAIMONDICERA RAIMONDII (GABB, 1877) AND RAIMONDICERAS PLUCKERI (LISSON, 1904): TAXONOMIC STUDY." In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-355204.

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Reports on the topic "Taxonomic stady"

1

Kunert, Charles. A taxonomic study of the marine algae of Netarts Bay, Oregon. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.969.

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Murphy, Kevin R. Predictor-Based Taxonomy of Navy Ratings: A Preliminary Study. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada193695.

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Coots, Richard. A taxonomic study of two nominal subspecies of pikas (Ochotona princeps) in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1117.

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Бєлик, Юлія Вільєвна, Василь Миколайович Савосько, and Юрій Вікторович Лихолат. Taxonomic Composition and Synanthropic Characteristic of Woody Plant Community on Petrovsky Waste Rock Dumps (Kryvorizhzhya). КДПУ, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3640.

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The study of taxonomic composition and ecological characteristics of wood species on devastated lands as a theoretical basis for the phytomelioration of environment remains relevant nowadays. It was discovered 32 species, 25 genera and 15 families in the course of the analysis of woody plant community from devastated lands of Petrovsky waste rock dumps. Among them, allochthonous species (59.38%) have an advantage over autochthonous (40.63%) according to the quantitative indicators. It was established, hemiapophytes predominate among apophytesspecies andneophytes predominate among anthropophytesaccording to the time of entry, according to the method of invasion ergasiophytes, according to the degree of adaptation ergasiophytes and agriophytes. The results of our analysis indicate that the investigated woody plant communitycorresponds to the conditions of localization.
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Eshed, Yuval, and Sarah Hake. Exploring General and Specific Regulators of Phase Transitions for Crop Improvement. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7699851.bard.

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The transition of plants from a juvenile to adult growth phase entails a wide range of changes in growth habit, physiological competence and composition. Strikingly, most of these changes are coordinated by the expression of a single regulator, micro RNA 156 (miR156) that coordinately regulates a family of SBP genes containing a miR156 recognition site in the coding region or in their 3’ UTR. In the framework of this research, we have taken a broad taxonomic approach to examine the role of miR156 and other genetic regulators in phase change transition and its implication to plant development and crop improvement. We set to: Determine the common and unique factors that are altered upon juvenile to adult phase transition. Determine the functions of select miR156 target genes in tomato and maize, and identify those targets that mediate phase transition. Characterize the role of miR172 and its targets in tomato phase change. Determine the relationships between the various molecular circuits directing phase change. Determine the effects of regulated manipulation of phase change genes on plant architecture and if applicable, productivity. In the course of the study, a new technology for gene expression was introduced – next generation sequencing (NGS). Hence some of the original experiments that were planned with other platforms of RNA profiling, primarily Affymetrix arrays, were substituted with the new technology. Yet, not all were fully completed. Moreover, once the initial stage was completed, each group chose to focus its efforts on specific components of the phase change program. The Israeli group focused on the roles of the DELAYED SYMPODIAL TERMINATION and FALSIFLORA factors in tomato age dependent programs whereas the US group characterized in detail the role of miR156 (also termed Cg) in other grasses and in maize, its interplay with the many genes encoding miR172.
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Murphy, Joe J., Michael A. Duprey, Robert F. Chew, Paul P. Biemer, Kathleen Mullan Harris, and Carolyn Tucker Halpern. Interactive Visualization to Facilitate Monitoring Longitudinal Survey Data and Paradata. RTI Press, May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2019.op.0061.1905.

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Surveys often require monitoring during data collection to ensure progress in meeting goals or to evaluate the interim results of an embedded experiment. Under complex designs, the amount of data available to monitor may be overwhelming and the production of reports and charts can be costly and time consuming. This is especially true in the case of longitudinal surveys, where data may originate from multiple waves. Other such complex scenarios include adaptive and responsive designs, which were developed to act on the results of such monitoring to implement prespecified options or alternatives in protocols. This paper discusses the development of an interactive web-based data visualization tool, the Adaptive Total Design (ATD) Dashboard, which we designed to provide a wide array of survey staff with the information needed to monitor data collection daily. The dashboard was built using the R programming language and Shiny framework and provides users with a wide range of functionality to quickly assess trends. We present the structure of the data used to populate the dashboard, its design, and the process for hosting it on the web. Furthermore, we provide guidance on graphic design, data taxonomy, and software decisions that can help guide others in the process of developing their own data collection monitoring systems. To illustrate the benefits of the dashboard, we present examples from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). We also discuss features of the dashboard to be developed for future waves of Add Health.
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Israel, Alvaro, and John Merrill. Production of Seed Stocks for Sustainable Tank Cultivation of the Red Edible Seaweed Porphyra. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7696527.bard.

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Porphyra species (commonly known as ‘nori’ or ‘purple laver’) are edible red seaweeds rich in proteins, vitamins and other highly valued biogenic compounds. For years Porphyra has been cultured using seeded nets extended in the open sea, and its biomass consumed primarily in the Far East. While demands for international markets have increased steadily at an average of 20% per year, supplies are on the verge and not expected to meet future demands. Alternatively, land-based cultivation of seaweed has become attractive in the mariculture industry since (1) important growth parameters can be controlled, (2) is environmentally friendly and (3) perfectly matches with integrated aquaculture leading to sustainable, high quality products. During the last few years a tank cultivation technology for Porphyra has been developed at the Israeli institution. This technology is based on indoor production of asexual spores and their subsequent growth to 1-2 mm seedlings. The seedlings are then transferred to outdoor tanks and ponds when seawater temperatures drop to 20 °C, or below, and days become shorter during winter time. However, the current technology efficiently serves only about 100 m2 of ponds during one growth season. In order to produce seedlings in sufficient amounts, it is critical to address both technical and biological aspects of seedling production, securing optimal up-scale to commercial-size cultivation farms. We hypothesize that massive production of spores is related to thalli origin, thalli age and sporulation triggers, and that seedling survival and their subsequent growth potential is determined by the seawater quality and overall indoor growth conditions imposed. A series of bio-reactors were constructed and tested in which spore release and spore growth were separately studied. The main assessment criteria for optimal viability of the seedlings will be by determining their electron transport rate using PAM fluorometry and by subsequent growth and biomass yields in outdoor ponds. Altogether the project showed (1), controlled sporulation is possible in big outdoor/growth chamber settings provided initial stock material (small frozen seedlings) is at hand, (2), contamination problems can be almost completely avoided if stock material is properly handled (clean as possible and partially dehydrated prior to freezing), (3), spore release can significantly be enhance using high nutrient levels during thawing for P. yezoensis and P. haitanensis, but not for P. rosengurttii, (4), PAM fluorometry is an efficient tool to estimate growth capacity in both seedlings and juvenile thalli. The BARD funding also served to explore other aspects of Porphyra biology and cultivation. For example, the taxonomical status of Porphyra strains used in this study was defined (see appendix), and the potential use of this seaweed in bioremediation was well substantiated. In addition, BARD funding supported a number of opportunities and activities in the Israeli lab, direct or indirectly related to the initial objectives of the project such as: additional molecular work in other seaweeds, description of at least 2 new species for the Israeli Mediterranean, and continuous support for the writing of a book on Global Change and applied aspects of seaweeds. The technology for Porphyra cultivation in land-based ponds is readily available. This study corroborated previous know-how of Porphyra growth in tanks and ponds, and yet offers important improvements regarding seedling production and their handling for successful cultivation. This study supported various other activities opening additional important issues in the biology/cultivation/use of Porphyra and other seaweeds.
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8

Wells, Aaron, Tracy Christopherson, Gerald Frost, Matthew Macander, Susan Ives, Robert McNown, and Erin Johnson. Ecological land survey and soils inventory for Katmai National Park and Preserve, 2016–2017. National Park Service, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287466.

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This study was conducted to inventory, classify, and map soils and vegetation within the ecosystems of Katmai National Park and Preserve (KATM) using an ecological land survey (ELS) approach. The ecosystem classes identified in the ELS effort were mapped across the park, using an archive of Geo-graphic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) datasets pertaining to land cover, topography, surficial geology, and glacial history. The description and mapping of the landform-vegetation-soil relationships identified in the ELS work provides tools to support the design and implementation of future field- and RS-based studies, facilitates further analysis and contextualization of existing data, and will help inform natural resource management decisions. We collected information on the geomorphic, topographic, hydrologic, pedologic, and vegetation characteristics of ecosystems using a dataset of 724 field plots, of which 407 were sampled by ABR, Inc.—Environmental Research and Services (ABR) staff in 2016–2017, and 317 were from existing, ancillary datasets. ABR field plots were located along transects that were selected using a gradient-direct sampling scheme (Austin and Heligers 1989) to collect data for the range of ecological conditions present within KATM, and to provide the data needed to interpret ecosystem and soils development. The field plot dataset encompassed all of the major environmental gradients and landscape histories present in KATM. Individual state-factors (e.g., soil pH, slope aspect) and other ecosystem components (e.g., geomorphic unit, vegetation species composition and structure) were measured or categorized using standard classification systems developed for Alaska. We described and analyzed the hierarchical relationships among the ecosystem components to classify 92 Plot Ecotypes (local-scale ecosystems) that best partitioned the variation in soils, vegetation, and disturbance properties observed at the field plots. From the 92 Plot Ecotypes, we developed classifications of Map Ecotypes and Disturbance Landscapes that could be mapped across the park. Additionally, using an existing surficial geology map for KATM, we developed a map of Generalized Soil Texture by aggregating similar surficial geology classes into a reduced set of classes representing the predominant soil textures in each. We then intersected the Ecotype map with the General-ized Soil Texture Map in a GIS and aggregated combinations of Map Ecotypes with similar soils to derive and map Soil Landscapes and Soil Great Groups. The classification of Great Groups captures information on the soil as a whole, as opposed to the subgroup classification which focuses on the properties of specific horizons (Soil Survey Staff 1999). Of the 724 plots included in the Ecotype analysis, sufficient soils data for classifying soil subgroups was available for 467 plots. Soils from 8 orders of soil taxonomy were encountered during the field sampling: Alfisols (<1% of the mapped area), Andisols (3%), Entisols (45%), Gelisols (<1%), Histosols (12%), Inceptisols (22%), Mollisols (<1%), and Spodosols (16%). Within these 8 Soil Orders, field plots corresponded to a total of 74 Soil Subgroups, the most common of which were Typic Cryaquents, Typic Cryorthents, Histic Cryaquepts, Vitrandic Cryorthents, and Typic Cryofluvents.
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9

Minz, Dror, Stefan J. Green, Noa Sela, Yitzhak Hadar, Janet Jansson, and Steven Lindow. Soil and rhizosphere microbiome response to treated waste water irrigation. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598153.bard.

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Research objectives : Identify genetic potential and community structure of soil and rhizosphere microbial community structure as affected by treated wastewater (TWW) irrigation. This objective was achieved through the examination soil and rhizosphere microbial communities of plants irrigated with fresh water (FW) and TWW. Genomic DNA extracted from soil and rhizosphere samples (Minz laboratory) was processed for DNA-based shotgun metagenome sequencing (Green laboratory). High-throughput bioinformatics was performed to compare both taxonomic and functional gene (and pathway) differences between sample types (treatment and location). Identify metabolic pathways induced or repressed by TWW irrigation. To accomplish this objective, shotgun metatranscriptome (RNA-based) sequencing was performed. Expressed genes and pathways were compared to identify significantly differentially expressed features between rhizosphere communities of plants irrigated with FW and TWW. Identify microbial gene functions and pathways affected by TWW irrigation*. To accomplish this objective, we will perform a metaproteome comparison between rhizosphere communities of plants irrigated with FW and TWW and selected soil microbial activities. Integration and evaluation of microbial community function in relation to its structure and genetic potential, and to infer the in situ physiology and function of microbial communities in soil and rhizospere under FW and TWW irrigation regimes. This objective is ongoing due to the need for extensive bioinformatics analysis. As a result of the capabilities of the new PI, we have also been characterizing the transcriptome of the plant roots as affected by the TWW irrigation and comparing the function of the plants to that of the microbiome. *This original objective was not achieved in the course of this study due to technical issues, especially the need to replace the American PIs during the project. However, the fact we were able to analyze more than one plant system as a result of the abilities of the new American PI strengthened the power of the conclusions derived from studies for the 1ˢᵗ and 2ⁿᵈ objectives. Background: As the world population grows, more urban waste is discharged to the environment, and fresh water sources are being polluted. Developing and industrial countries are increasing the use of wastewater and treated wastewater (TWW) for agriculture practice, thus turning the waste product into a valuable resource. Wastewater supplies a year- round reliable source of nutrient-rich water. Despite continuing enhancements in TWW quality, TWW irrigation can still result in unexplained and undesirable effects on crops. In part, these undesirable effects may be attributed to, among other factors, to the effects of TWW on the plant microbiome. Previous studies, including our own, have presented the TWW effect on soil microbial activity and community composition. To the best of our knowledge, however, no comprehensive study yet has been conducted on the microbial population associated BARD Report - Project 4662 Page 2 of 16 BARD Report - Project 4662 Page 3 of 16 with plant roots irrigated with TWW – a critical information gap. In this work, we characterize the effect of TWW irrigation on root-associated microbial community structure and function by using the most innovative tools available in analyzing bacterial community- a combination of microbial marker gene amplicon sequencing, microbial shotunmetagenomics (DNA-based total community and gene content characterization), microbial metatranscriptomics (RNA-based total community and gene content characterization), and plant host transcriptome response. At the core of this research, a mesocosm experiment was conducted to study and characterize the effect of TWW irrigation on tomato and lettuce plants. A focus of this study was on the plant roots, their associated microbial communities, and on the functional activities of plant root-associated microbial communities. We have found that TWW irrigation changes both the soil and root microbial community composition, and that the shift in the plant root microbiome associated with different irrigation was as significant as the changes caused by the plant host or soil type. The change in microbial community structure was accompanied by changes in the microbial community-wide functional potential (i.e., gene content of the entire microbial community, as determined through shotgun metagenome sequencing). The relative abundance of many genes was significantly different in TWW irrigated root microbiome relative to FW-irrigated root microbial communities. For example, the relative abundance of genes encoding for transporters increased in TWW-irrigated roots increased relative to FW-irrigated roots. Similarly, the relative abundance of genes linked to potassium efflux, respiratory systems and nitrogen metabolism were elevated in TWW irrigated roots when compared to FW-irrigated roots. The increased relative abundance of denitrifying genes in TWW systems relative FW systems, suggests that TWW-irrigated roots are more anaerobic compare to FW irrigated root. These gene functional data are consistent with geochemical measurements made from these systems. Specifically, the TWW irrigated soils had higher pH, total organic compound (TOC), sodium, potassium and electric conductivity values in comparison to FW soils. Thus, the root microbiome genetic functional potential can be correlated with pH, TOC and EC values and these factors must take part in the shaping the root microbiome. The expressed functions, as found by the metatranscriptome analysis, revealed many genes that increase in TWW-irrigated plant root microbial population relative to those in the FW-irrigated plants. The most substantial (and significant) were sodium-proton antiporters and Na(+)-translocatingNADH-quinoneoxidoreductase (NQR). The latter protein uses the cell respiratory machinery to harness redox force and convert the energy for efflux of sodium. As the roots and their microbiomes are exposed to the same environmental conditions, it was previously hypothesized that understanding the soil and rhizospheremicrobiome response will shed light on natural processes in these niches. This study demonstrate how newly available tools can better define complex processes and their downstream consequences, such as irrigation with water from different qualities, and to identify primary cues sensed by the plant host irrigated with TWW. From an agricultural perspective, many common practices are complicated processes with many ‘moving parts’, and are hard to characterize and predict. Multiple edaphic and microbial factors are involved, and these can react to many environmental cues. These complex systems are in turn affected by plant growth and exudation, and associated features such as irrigation, fertilization and use of pesticides. However, the combination of shotgun metagenomics, microbial shotgun metatranscriptomics, plant transcriptomics, and physical measurement of soil characteristics provides a mechanism for integrating data from highly complex agricultural systems to eventually provide for plant physiological response prediction and monitoring. BARD Report
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10

Weinberg, Zwi G., Adegbola Adesogan, Itzhak Mizrahi, Shlomo Sela, Kwnag Jeong, and Diwakar Vyas. effect of selected lactic acid bacteria on the microbial composition and on the survival of pathogens in the rumen in context with their probiotic effects on ruminants. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598162.bard.

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This research project was performed in context of the apparent probiotic effect of selected lactic acid bacteria (LAB) silage inoculants on the performance of ruminants (improved feed intake, faster live-weight gain, higher milk yields and improved feed efficiency). The overall objective was to find out how LAB affect ruminant performance. The project included several “chapters” as follows: 1. The effect of LAB silage inoculants on the survival of detrimental bacteria in rumen fluid, in vitro study (Weinberg et al., The Volcani Center). An in vitro model was developed to study the interaction between selected LAB and an E. coli strain tagged with green fluorescence protein (GFP) in buffered RF. Results indicated that both LAB inoculants and E. coli survived in the RF for several days; both LAB inoculants and LAB-treated silages did not affect survival of E. coli in rumen fluid in vitro. The effect of feeding baled wheat silages treated with or without three selected LAB silage inoculants on the performance of high-lactating cows (Weinberg et al., The Volcani Center). Treatments included control (no additive), Lacobacillusbuchneri40788 (LB), Lactobacillus plantarumMTD1 40027 (LP) and Pediococcuspentosaceus30168 (PP), each applied at 10⁶ cfu/g FM. The silages were included in the TMR of 32 high milking Holstein cows in a controlled feeding experiment. All baled silages were of good quality. The LB silage had the numerically highest acetic acid and were the most stable upon aerobic exposure. The cows fed the LB silages had the highest daily milk yields, percent milk fat and protein. The microbiome of baled wheat silages and changes during ensiling of wheat and corn (Sela et al., The Volcani Center). Bacterial community of the baled silages was dominated mainly of two genera in total, dominated by Lactobacillus and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_12 with 300 other genera at very low abundance. Fungal community was composed mainly of two genera in total, dominated by Candida and Monascuswith 20 other genera at very low abundance. In addition, changes in the microbiome during ensiling of wheat and corn with and without addition of L. plantarumMTD1 was studied in mini-silos. Overall 236 bacterial genera were identified in the fresh corn but after 3 months Lactobacillus outnumbered all other species by acquiring 95% of relative abundance. The wheat silage samples are still under analysis. The effect of applying LAB inoculants at ensiling on survival of E. coli O157:H7 in alfalfa and corn silages(Adesogan et al., University of Florida). E. coli (10⁵ cfu/g) was applied to fresh alfalfa and corn at ensiling with or without L. plantarumor L. buchneri. The pathogen was added again after about 3 moths at the beginning of an aerobic exposure period. The inoculants resulted in faster decrease in pH as compared with the control (no additives) or E. coli alone and therefore, the pathogen was eliminated faster from these silages. After aerobic exposure the pathogen was not detected in the LAB treated silages, whereas it was still present in the E. coli alone samples. 5. The effect of feeding corn silage treated with or without L. buchnerion shedding of E. coli O157:H7 by dairy cows (Adesogan et al., UFL). BARD Report - Project 4704 Page 2 of 12 Five hundred cows from the dairy herd of the University of Florida were screened for E. coli shedding, out of which 14 low and 13 high shedders were selected. These cows were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) which was inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 for 21 days. The TMR included corn silage treated with or without L. buchneri. The inoculated silages were more stable upon aerobic exposure than the control silages; the silage inoculant had no significant effect on any milk or cow blood parameters. However, the silage inoculant tended to reduce shedding of E. coli regardless of high or low shedders (p = 0.06). 6. The effect of feeding baled wheat silages treated with or without three selected LAB silage inoculants on the rumen microbiome (Mizrahi et al., BGU). Rumen fluid was sampled throughout the feeding experiment in which inoculated wheat silages were included in the rations. Microbial DNA was subsequently purified from each sample and the 16S rRNA was sequenced, thus obtaining an overview of the microbiome and its dynamic changes for each experimental treatment. We observed an increase in OTU richness in the group which received the baled silage inoculated with Lactobacillus Plantarum(LP). In contrast the group fed Lactobacillus buchneri(LB) inoculated silage resulted in a significant decrease in richness. Lower OTU richness was recently associated in lactating cows with higher performance (Ben Shabatet al., 2016). No significant clustering could be observed between the different inoculation treatments and the control in non metric multi-dimentional scaling, suggesting that the effect of the treatments is not the result of an overall modulation of the microbiome composition but possibly the result of more discrete interactions. Significant phylum level changes in composition also indicates that no broad changes in taxa identity and composition occurred under any treatment A more discrete modulation could be observed in the fold change of several taxonomic groups (genus level analysis), unique to each treatment, before and after the treatment. Of particular interest is the LB treated group, in which several taxa significantly decreased in abundance. BARD Report - Project 4704 Page 3 of 12
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