Journal articles on the topic 'Taxonomic domain GUIDE'
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1
John, Oliver P., Alois Angleitner, and Fritz Ostendorf. "The lexical approach to personality: A historical review of trait taxonomic research." European Journal of Personality 2, no. 3 (September 1988): 171–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2410020302.
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We review research aimed at the development of a compelling taxonomy of personality‐descriptive terms. We identify five issues central to the construction of personality taxonomies and discuss the advantages and limitations of the lexical approach. Our review of research stimulated by this approach begins with Allport and Odbert's trait names, retraces the procedures that led to Cattell's personality factors, and summarizes contemporary work in English and in Dutch. Taxonomers and lay people alike view stable traits as the most fundamental personality concepts. At the broadest level of abstraction, this domain is often represented by five dimensions related to Power (or Surgency), Love (Agreeableness), Work (Conscientiousness), Affect (Emotional Stability), and Intellect (Culture). However, given that their number and interpretation are still debated, these dimensions should not be considered final but as a heuristically useful framework. Indeed, if the fifth dimension represents Intellect, our review suggests that Culture, Values and even Autonomy‐Conformity might be additional dimensions. Some researchers, such as Goldberg and Wiggins, have constructed more narrow categories to permit a differentiated mapping of trait descriptors. Taxonomies of states, activities, and social roles and effects still need to be developed; a broad conception of personality might also include health, fitness, and physical attractiveness. A comprehensive taxonomy would provide a common framework for research guided by different theoretical orientations and could guide the selection of variables for research. Ultimately, the value of a taxonomy depends on its success in predicting important outcomes in people's lives.
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Grandizio, Louis C., James C. Huston, Stephanie S. Shim, Jove Graham, and Joel C. Klena. "Levels of Evidence for Hand Questions on the Orthopaedic In-Training Examination." HAND 11, no. 4 (July 7, 2016): 484–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558944715620793.
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Background: Although analyses of the Orthopaedic In-Training Examination (OITE) subspecialty content domains have been performed, few studies have analyzed the levels of evidence (LoEs) for journal articles used as references to create OITE questions. We present an analysis of reference characteristics and question taxonomy for the hand surgery content domain on the OITE. We aim to determine whether level of evidence (LoE) for hand surgery questions have increased over a 15-year period. Methods: All questions and references in the hand surgery content domain on the OITE from 1995-1997 and 2010-2012 were reviewed. The taxonomic classification was determined for each question. Publication characteristics were defined for each reference, and each primary journal article was assigned a LoE. Results: A total of 129 questions containing 222 references met inclusion criteria: 76 questions from 1995-1997 and 53 from 2010-2012. The Journal of Hand Surgery American and European Volumes, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery American and British Volumes, and the Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons were the most frequently cited journals overall. Recent examinations were more likely to have Buckwalter T3 complex clinical management questions. There was a statically significant increase in the LoE used to create hand questions on the 2010-2012 compared with the 1995-1997 OITE. Conclusions: Primary journal articles cited on the hand surgery content domain of the OITE frequently included recent publications from both general and subspecialty journals. More recent examination questions appear to test clinical management scenarios. LoE for hand questions has increased over a 15-year period. Our results can be used as a guide to help prepare orthopedic residents for the OITE.
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Mah, Nancy, Carolina Perez-Iratxeta, and Miguel A. Andrade-Navarro. "Outer membrane pore protein prediction in mycobacteria using genomic comparison." Microbiology 156, no. 8 (August 1, 2010): 2506–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.040089-0.
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Proteins responsible for outer membrane transport across the unique membrane structure of Mycobacterium spp. are attractive drug targets in the treatment of human diseases caused by the mycobacterial pathogens, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. leprae and M. ulcerans. In contrast with Escherichia coli, relatively few outer-membrane proteins (OMPs) have been identified in Mycobacterium spp., largely due to the difficulties in isolating mycobacterial membrane proteins and our incomplete understanding of secretion mechanisms and cell wall structure in these organisms. To further expand our knowledge of these elusive proteins in mycobacteria, we have improved upon our previous method of OMP prediction in mycobacteria by taking advantage of genomic data from seven mycobacteria species. Our improved algorithm suggests 4333 sequences as putative OMPs in seven species with varying degrees of confidence. The most virulent pathogenic mycobacterial species are slightly enriched in these selected sequences. We present examples of predicted OMPs involved in horizontal transfer and paralogy expansion. Analysis of local secondary structure content allowed identification of small domains predicted to perform as OMPs; some examples show their involvement in events of tandem duplication and domain rearrangements. We discuss the taxonomic distribution of these discovered families and architectures, often specific to mycobacteria or the wider taxonomic class of Actinobacteria. Our results suggest that OMP functionality in mycobacteria is richer than expected and provide a resource to guide future research of these understudied proteins.
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Wiggins, Jerry S., and Ross Broughton. "A geometric taxonomy of personality scales." European Journal of Personality 5, no. 5 (December 1991): 343–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2410050503.
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Previous taxonomies of personality traits have been lexical in nature and have been concerned primarily with the meaning of adjectives in personality description. The taxonomy presented in this article employed personality scales as the units to be classified and was guided by theoretical, rather than lexical, considerations. A priori distinctions among different domains of trait‐descriptive terms identified a distinctive domain of interpersonal traits within which a preliminary conceptually‐based taxonomy was developed. The Interpersonal Adjective Scales (IAS) were constructed to provide geometrically precise semantic markers of that domain in the form of a circumplex model organized around the orthogonal coordinates of dominance and nurturance. In the course of a decade of research, some 172 personality scales were classified with reference to the IAS by computational procedures described in detail. Advantages and limitations of the current geometric taxonomy of personality scales are discussed, and future research directions are indicated.
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Janssen, Antje, Jens Passlick, Davinia Rodríguez Cardona, and Michael H. Breitner. "Virtual Assistance in Any Context." Business & Information Systems Engineering 62, no. 3 (April 6, 2020): 211–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12599-020-00644-1.
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Abstract Several domain-specific assistants in the form of chatbots have conquered many commercial and private areas. However, there is still a limited level of systematic knowledge of the distinctive characteristics of design elements for chatbots to facilitate development, adoption, implementation, and further research. To close this gap, the paper outlines a taxonomy of design elements for chatbots with 17 dimensions organized into the perspectives intelligence, interaction and context. The conceptually grounded design elements of the taxonomy are used to analyze 103 chatbots from 23 different application domains. Through a clustering-based approach, five chatbot archetypes that currently exist for domain-specific chatbots are identified. The developed taxonomy provides a structure to differentiate and categorize domain-specific chatbots according to archetypal qualities that guide practitioners when taking design decisions. Moreover, the taxonomy serves academics as a foundation for conducting further research on chatbot design while integrating scientific and practical knowledge.
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Ponto, Hantje. "The Evaluation of Affective Domain Learning Outcome in Students’ Basic Learning of Electrical Circuit in Vocational Education School." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 1222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.8793.
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Bloom Taxonomy consists of three domains namely cognitive, affective and psychomotor. Successful learning activity on cognitive and psychomotor aspects needs to be supported by affective domain. This research aims evaluate affective domain in to basic Electric Circuit learning of students in Vocational Education School. This study employed survey research by observing students learning process in BEC subject. Research finding shows that students’ affective domain in BEC learning was categorized high. Recommendations for this research were: (1) in BEC learning, teacher needed to develop students’ affective domain, (2) headmaster as leadership instruction needs to guide teacher so that they will be able to develop students’ affective domain, and (3) headmaster must monitor teacher’s teaching activity.
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Amelia, Firqo, and Ahmad Yusuf Firdaus. "Speech Act of Requests Found in Different Rating Films." Academic Journal Perspective : Education, Language, and Literature 6, no. 2 (October 25, 2018): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.33603/perspective.v6i2.1196.
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This study aims to find the forms of strategies and functions of requests in English that are used in several films with different ratings. Another objective of this research is to find the relations between the uses of strategies and functions of requests in English. Film is a picture of everyday life and we can see the cultures of a society, one of which is the use of language. To view the request speech acts in English, then two films that use English as a communication tool with regard to the different ratings were selected. The selection of films with different ratings are intended to see differences in the use of language in movies watched by children and adolescents. Rating in the selected movie consists of G (general audiences) and PG (parental guide suggested). Rating G is a film that is for the public, which means that the film can be watched by all ages. Rating PG is a movie that can be watched by children under parental guidance. Having found the forms and strategies of request speech acts in different films with different ratings, the situations and conditions of the use and the functions of request strategies were identified. Forms of speech act strategies invoked were classified based on the theory advanced by Trosborg (1995), while to see the functions of request speech acts Tsui’s Theory (1994) was used. As for achieving the objectives of this study, the authors use several effective methods. In collecting the data, the techniques used were watching and listening to the films that have been selected. Then recorded phrases of request speech acts found in the films. Once collected, the data were analyzed by using analysis technique proposed by Spradley (1980), ie domain analysis, taxonomic, componential and cultural value. From the analysis, it was concluded that there was no difference in strategies and functions used in the two films. Both use four strategies, namely indirect request, the hearer-oriented condition, speaker-based condition, and direct request. In addition, they also illustrate the same five functions of request speech acts, request for action, request for permission, offer, invitation, and proposal. The most frequently used strategy and function are direct request and request for action respectively.
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Burnett-Wolle, PhD, Sarah. "Operationalizing the Health Protection/Health Promotion model using taxonomies." American Journal of Recreation Therapy 12, no. 2 (April 1, 2013): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajrt.2013.0042.
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The Leisure Ability model continues to be the pervasive framework used to guide the provision of recreation therapy, yet it is flawed in several respects. Several alternatives have been proposed as replacements, including the Health Protection/Health Promotion (HP/HP) model. However, the HP/HP model has not been widely adopted. One reason the HP/HP model has languished is uncertainty regarding how to promote clients’ growth. Although the model clearly states that clients have two primary needs (stability and actualization), it does not indicate how to address them. This article will suggest one method for operationalizing the HP/HP model, using taxonomies to clarify clients’ goals and objectives. Four examples, one taxonomy for each domain of health, will be presented and implications for program planning will be discussed. To facilitate the use of taxonomies in program planning, a short excerpt of a specific program design will be provided. Finally, although the HP/HP model does not expressly include leisure education and recreation participation, a method for reconciling these services will also be discussed. The overall intent is to make the HP/HP model a more accessible guide to program planning and, ultimately, to design more effective interventions.
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Taranovschi, Iuliana Laura, and Petru Dușa. "Using a Systematic Innovative Approach – Acting/Support Matrix to Develop a Product." Applied Mechanics and Materials 371 (August 2013): 872–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.371.872.
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This paper presents an example of using the innovative model developed by us in the context of self-managed team. The model has two matrices: Innovative Support Matrix and Innovative Acting Matrix. The Innovative Support Matrix is built on the selected nouns from the Bloom Taxonomy in the domains: Knowledge, Comprehension, Application, Analysis, Synthesis and Evaluation and may be assimilated as a guided tool in the documentation phase of the innovation process. The Innovative Acting Matrix is built in a similar manner as Innovative Support Matrix but by selecting the verbs from the same domains. The verbs from the Innovative Acting Matrix play the role of stimulants for the innovative team members. A template was developed to guide the team in using the innovative model.
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Dever, Richard B. "A Taxonomy of Community Living Skills." Exceptional Children 55, no. 5 (February 1989): 395–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001440298905500502.
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A survey of experts in mental retardation was conducted to assess the forthcoming Taxonomy of Community Living Skills, a guide for curriculum developers and administrators. Items in five domains (personal maintenance and development, homemaking and community life, vocational, leisure, and travel) were rated. Responses were generally favorable. Comments and suggestions made by the experts provided a basis for a revision of the taxonomy and its theoretical exposition.
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de Beer, Wayne A. "Original opinion: the use of Bloom’s Taxonomy to teach and assess the skill of the psychiatric formulation during vocational training." Australasian Psychiatry 25, no. 5 (August 31, 2017): 514–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856217726692.
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Objectives: This paper proposes the use of the cognitive domain of Bloom’s Taxonomy, an educational classification system, to guide the critical thinking required for the composition of the psychiatric formulation during the various stages of specialist training. Conclusions: Bloom’s Taxonomy offers a hierarchical, structured approach to clinical reasoning. Use of this method can assist supervisors and trainees to understand better the concepts of and offer a developmental approach to critical reasoning. Application of the Taxonomy, using cognitive ‘action words’ (verbs) within each of the levels, can promote increasing sophistication in the construction of the psychiatric formulation. Examples of how the Taxonomy can be adapted to design educational resources are suggested in the article.
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Stanley, Jeff, Ozgur Eris, and Monika Lohani. "A Conceptual Framework for Machine Self-Presentation and Trust." International Journal of Humanized Computing and Communication 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 20–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.35708/hcc1869-148366.
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Increasingly, researchers are creating machines with humanlike social behaviors to elicit desired human responses such as trust and engagement, but a systematic characterization and categorization of such behaviors and their demonstrated effects is missing. This paper proposes a taxonomy of machine behavior based on what has been experimented with and documented in the literature to date. We argue that self-presentation theory, a psychosocial model of human interaction, provides a principled framework to structure existing knowledge in this domain and guide future research and development. We leverage a foundational human self-presentation taxonomy (Jones and Pittman, 1982), which associates human verbal behaviors with strategies, to guide the literature review of human-machine interaction studies we present in this paper. In our review, we identified 36 studies that have examined human-machine interactions with behaviors corresponding to strategies from the taxonomy. We analyzed frequently and infrequently used strategies to identify patterns and gaps, which led to the adaptation of Jones and Pittman’s human self-presentation taxonomy to a machine self-presentation taxonomy. The adapted taxonomy identifies strategies and behaviors machines can employ when presenting themselves to humans in order to elicit desired human responses and attitudes. Drawing from models of human trust we discuss how to apply the taxonomy to affect perceived machine trustworthiness.
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Makina, Antonia. "Developing a framework for managing the quality use of podcasts in open distance and e- learning environments." Open Praxis 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/openpraxis.12.1.990.
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The integration of podcasts in an open distance e-learning environment can play a crucial role in reducing transactional distance through providing quality educational opportunities and access to information through any digital devise. However, technology does not improve teaching, unless if there is a well-conceived educational process taking place. The question therefore is how lecturers can be guided towards the quality use of podcasts in order to achieve most of the learning objectives. Therefore, this paper aims to design and develop a framework that manages the quality use of podcasts for teaching and learning in ODeL environments. Using literature review, a developmental qualitative research design was used to develop a framework. McGarr’s (2009) and the revised Bloom’s taxonomy (Anderson et al., 2001) were used as domain specific guiders in the development of the framework. Results provided a framework to guide academic developers, learning technologists and course designers interested in quality in online environments.
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Bringula, Rex Perez. "Taxonomy of Factors Influencing Non-Use of Online Shopping of Students." Modern Applied Science 10, no. 4 (February 2, 2016): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v10n4p119.
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Despite the rich literature on what influenced shoppers to buy online, there were people who were not still engaged in online shopping. This study attempted to determine the factors that influenced non-adoption of online shopping and to provide taxonomy of these factors. Guided by a semi-structured questionnaire, interviews with fifty-three (53) informants (i.e., students) revealed that the top three reasons for the non-use of online shopping were security and trust concerns, quality of the product, and the need to see or touch the product. It was shown that the reasons could be classified into three taxa – Company Domain, Personal Domain, and Technical Domain. Further, it was disclosed that the reasons for the use of online shopping were also the same reasons why others hesitated to use online shopping. Conclusions were drawn and recommendations were also offered.
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Orlando, Marco, Patrick C. F. Buchholz, Marina Lotti, and Jürgen Pleiss. "The GH19 Engineering Database: Sequence diversity, substrate scope, and evolution in glycoside hydrolase family 19." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (October 26, 2021): e0256817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256817.
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The glycoside hydrolase 19 (GH19) is a bifunctional family of chitinases and endolysins, which have been studied for the control of plant fungal pests, the recycle of chitin biomass, and the treatment of multi-drug resistant bacteria. The GH19 domain-containing sequences (22,461) were divided into a chitinase and an endolysin subfamily by analyzing sequence networks, guided by taxonomy and the substrate specificity of characterized enzymes. The chitinase subfamily was split into seventeen groups, thus extending the previous classification. The endolysin subfamily is more diverse and consists of thirty-four groups. Despite their sequence diversity, twenty-six residues are conserved in chitinases and endolysins, which can be distinguished by two specific sequence patterns at six and four positions, respectively. Their location outside the catalytic cleft suggests a possible mechanism for substrate specificity that goes beyond the direct interaction with the substrate. The evolution of the GH19 catalytic domain was investigated by large-scale phylogeny. The inferred evolutionary history and putative horizontal gene transfer events differ from previous works. While no clear patterns were detected in endolysins, chitinases varied in sequence length by up to four loop insertions, causing at least eight distinct presence/absence loop combinations. The annotated GH19 sequences and structures are accessible via the GH19 Engineering Database (GH19ED, https://gh19ed.biocatnet.de). The GH19ED has been developed to support the prediction of substrate specificity and the search for novel GH19 enzymes from neglected taxonomic groups or in regions of the sequence space where few sequences have been described yet.
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Terrón-Camero, Laura C., Fernando Gordillo-González, Eduardo Salas-Espejo, and Eduardo Andrés-León. "Comparison of Metagenomics and Metatranscriptomics Tools: A Guide to Making the Right Choice." Genes 13, no. 12 (December 3, 2022): 2280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13122280.
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The study of microorganisms is a field of great interest due to their environmental (e.g., soil contamination) and biomedical (e.g., parasitic diseases, autism) importance. The advent of revolutionary next-generation sequencing techniques, and their application to the hypervariable regions of the 16S, 18S or 23S ribosomal subunits, have allowed the research of a large variety of organisms more in-depth, including bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes and fungi. Additionally, together with the development of analysis software, the creation of specific databases (e.g., SILVA or RDP) has boosted the enormous growth of these studies. As the cost of sequencing per sample has continuously decreased, new protocols have also emerged, such as shotgun sequencing, which allows the profiling of all taxonomic domains in a sample. The sequencing of hypervariable regions and shotgun sequencing are technologies that enable the taxonomic classification of microorganisms from the DNA present in microbial communities. However, they are not capable of measuring what is actively expressed. Conversely, we advocate that metatranscriptomics is a “new” technology that makes the identification of the mRNAs of a microbial community possible, quantifying gene expression levels and active biological pathways. Furthermore, it can be also used to characterise symbiotic interactions between the host and its microbiome. In this manuscript, we examine the three technologies above, and discuss the implementation of different software and databases, which greatly impact the obtaining of reliable results. Finally, we have developed two easy-to-use pipelines leveraging Nextflow technology. These aim to provide everything required for an average user to perform a metagenomic analysis of marker genes with QIMME2 and a metatranscriptomic study using Kraken2/Bracken.
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Mawarni, Yuyun Evi. "ANALISIS ISI BUKU MATEMATIKA KURIKULUM 2013 SMP KELAS VIII SEMESTER 1 BERDASARKAN TAKSONOMI TIMSS." Jurnal VARIDIKA 31, no. 2 (February 13, 2020): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/varidika.v31i2.10214.
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The purpose of this research was to determine the composition of the material and practice questions in the mathematics curriculum guide 2013 junior class VIII Semester 1 in terms of content and cognitive domain taxonomy based on TIMSS. This study was a content analysis study (content analysis). The results showed that the analysis of the presentation of the material in terms of the proportion of each content domain, domain algebra occupied the highest proportion with a percentage of 50%, the domain geometry with 33.33% while the percentage of domain data and opportunities with a percentage of 16.67% and there are no material including in the domain of numbers. Judging from the cognitive dimensions, applying knowing domain is (68.42%) and knowing is (21.05%) while the reasoning domain has the 10.53% (the lowest). For analytical presentation of questions in terms of the proportion of each dimension of the content, the material has a percentage of 60.64% algebra, geometry material has persetase 32.13% while the material data and the opportunity have a percentage of 7.23%. From the cognitive dimension to training issues were gained 36 reached the level of cognitive domain knowing 16.98%, 114 reached the level of cognitive domain applying with 53.77% and 62 about already reached a level of cognitive reasoning domain with 29.25%
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Debreceny, Roger S., Akhilesh Chandra, John J. Cheh, Denise Guithues-Amrhein, Neal J. Hannon, Paul D. Hutchison, Diane Janvrin, et al. "Financial Reporting in XBRL on the SEC's EDGAR System: A Critique and Evaluation." Journal of Information Systems 19, no. 2 (September 1, 2005): 191–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jis.2005.19.2.191.
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This paper evaluates the implications of the proposed Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Rule (33-8496) which encourages companies to file reports in the eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) format. We examine the impact of the proposed rule in three domains: (1) the role of XBRL in financial reporting, (2) concerns with XBRL taxonomies, and (3) the impact of XBRL on the SEC's filing program. The paper adopts a descriptive approach to generate normative and prescriptive propositions with implications for research that will guide preparers, users, and regulators of XBRL-tagged information.
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Dias, Maurício Araújo, Giovanna Carreira Marinho, Rogério Galante Negri, Wallace Casaca, Ignácio Bravo Muñoz, and Danilo Medeiros Eler. "A Machine Learning Strategy Based on Kittler’s Taxonomy to Detect Anomalies and Recognize Contexts Applied to Monitor Water Bodies in Environments." Remote Sensing 14, no. 9 (May 6, 2022): 2222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14092222.
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Environmental monitoring, such as analyses of water bodies to detect anomalies, is recognized worldwide as a task necessary to reduce the impacts arising from pollution. However, the large number of data available to be analyzed in different contexts, such as in an image time series acquired by satellites, still pose challenges for the detection of anomalies, even when using computers. This study describes a machine learning strategy based on Kittler’s taxonomy to detect anomalies related to water pollution in an image time series. We propose this strategy to monitor environments, detecting unexpected conditions that may occur (i.e., detecting outliers), and identifying those outliers in accordance with Kittler’s taxonomy (i.e., detecting anomalies). According to our strategy, contextual and non-contextual image classifications were semi-automatically compared to find any divergence that indicates the presence of one type of anomaly defined by the taxonomy. In our strategy, models built to classify a single image were used to classify an image time series due to domain adaptation. The results 99.07%, 99.99%, 99.07%, and 99.53% were achieved by our strategy, respectively, for accuracy, precision, recall, and F-measure. These results suggest that our strategy allows computers to recognize contexts and enhances their capabilities to solve contextualized problems. Therefore, our strategy can be used to guide computational systems to make different decisions to solve a problem in response to each context. The proposed strategy is relevant for improving machine learning, as its use allows computers to have a more organized learning process. Our strategy is presented with respect to its applicability to help monitor environmental disasters. A minor limitation was found in the results caused by the use of domain adaptation. This type of limitation is fairly common when using domain adaptation, and therefore has no significance. Even so, future work should investigate other techniques for transfer learning.
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Schuckman, Stephanie, Lynn Babcock, Cristina Spinner, Opeolu Adeoye, Dina Gomaa, Timothy Pritts, Brett M. Kissela, Christopher J. Lindsell, and Jacqueline M. Knapke. "Acute care research competencies for clinical research professionals." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 4, no. 6 (April 13, 2020): 485–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2020.38.
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AbstractIntroduction:Acute care research (ACR) is uniquely challenged by the constraints of recruiting participants and conducting research procedures within minutes to hours of an unscheduled critical illness or injury. Existing competencies for clinical research professionals (CRPs) are gaining traction but may have gaps for the acute environment. We sought to expand existing CRP competencies to include the specialized skills needed for ACR settings.Methods:Qualitative data collected from job shadowing, clinical observations, and interviews were analyzed to assess the educational needs of the acute care clinical research workforce. We identified competencies necessary to succeed as an ACR-CRP, and then applied Bloom’s Taxonomy to develop characteristics into learning outcomes that frame both knowledge to be acquired and job performance metrics.Results:There were 28 special interest competencies for ACR-CRPs identified within the eight domains set by the Joint Task Force (JTF) of Clinical Trial Competency. While the eight domains were not prioritized by the JTF, in ACR an emphasis on Communication and Teamwork, Clinical Trials Operations, and Data Management and Informatics was observed. Within each domain, distinct proficiencies and unique personal characteristics essential for success were identified. The competencies suggest that a combination of competency-based training, behavioral-based hiring practices, and continuing professional development will be essential to ACR success.Conclusion:The competencies developed for ACR can serve as a training guide for CRPs to be prepared for the challenges of conducting research within this vulnerable population. Hiring, training, and supporting the development of this workforce are foundational to clinical research in this challenging setting.
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Hindrasti, Nur Eka Kusuma, Hamzah Yuliandie, and Trisna Amelia. "The Profile of Students’ Questions Based on Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy on Life Organizations System Topic." Bioeducation Journal 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/bioedu.v4i1.254.
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The aim of this study to determine student questions based on Revised Bloom's Taxonomy. This study was done by quantitative approach with descriptive research method. Research data were obtained through analysis of student questions sheets and interviews. Guide the student’s question were analysid sheet was used to record student questions while learning in class. Based on the results of the analysis it is known that 20% of students' questions at the cognitive domain level C1 (Remembering), 37% at the C2 level (Understanding), 20% at the C3 level (Applying), 11,5% at the C4 level (Analyzing), 11,5% at the C5 level (Evaluating), and 0% at the C6 level (Creating). While based on the dimension of knowledge, factual level questions were asked by 26% of students, conceptual level questions by 74%, and there was no question in procedural and metacognitive level.
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Ahmadian, L., R. Cornet, E. de Jonge, N. F. de Keizer, and F. Bakhshi-Raiez. "Construction of an Interface Terminology on SNOMED CT." Methods of Information in Medicine 49, no. 04 (2010): 349–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3414/me09-01-0057.
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Summary Objective: To provide a generic approach for developing a domain-specific interface terminology on SNOMED CT and to apply this approach to the domain of intensive care. Methods: The process of developing an interface terminology on SNOMED CT can be regarded as six sequential phases: domain analysis, mapping from the domain concepts to SNOMED CT concepts, creating the SNOMED CT subset guided by the mapping, extending the subset with non-covered concepts, constraining the subset by removing irrelevant content, and deploying the subset in a terminology server. Results: The APACHE IV classification, a standard in the intensive care with 445 diagnostic categories, served as the starting point for designing the interface terminology. The majority (89.2%) of the diagnostic categories from APACHE IV could be mapped to SNOMED CT concepts and for the remaining concepts a partial match was identified. The resulting initial set of mapped concepts consisted of 404 SNOMED CT concepts. This set could be extended to 83,125 concepts if all taxonomic children of these concepts were included. Also including all concepts that are referred to in the definition of other concepts lead to a subset of 233,782 concepts. An evaluation of the interface terminology should reveal what level of detail in the subset is suitable for the intensive care domain and whether parts need further constraining. In the final phase, the interface terminology is implemented in the intensive care in a locally developed terminology server to collect the reasons for intensive care admission. Conclusions: We provide a structure for the process of identifying a domain-specific interface terminology on SNOMED CT. We use this approach to design an interface terminology on SNOMED CT for the intensive care domain. This work is of value for other researchers who intend to build a domain-specific interface terminology on SNOMED CT.
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Fattah, Salmah, Abdullah Gani, Ismail Ahmedy, Mohd Yamani Idna Idris, and Ibrahim Abaker Targio Hashem. "A Survey on Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks: Requirements, Taxonomy, Recent Advances, and Open Research Challenges." Sensors 20, no. 18 (September 21, 2020): 5393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185393.
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The domain of underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) had received a lot of attention recently due to its significant advanced capabilities in the ocean surveillance, marine monitoring and application deployment for detecting underwater targets. However, the literature have not compiled the state-of-the-art along its direction to discover the recent advancements which were fuelled by the underwater sensor technologies. Hence, this paper offers the newest analysis on the available evidences by reviewing studies in the past five years on various aspects that support network activities and applications in UWSN environments. This work was motivated by the need for robust and flexible solutions that can satisfy the requirements for the rapid development of the underwater wireless sensor networks. This paper identifies the key requirements for achieving essential services as well as common platforms for UWSN. It also contributes a taxonomy of the critical elements in UWSNs by devising a classification on architectural elements, communications, routing protocol and standards, security, and applications of UWSNs. Finally, the major challenges that remain open are presented as a guide for future research directions.
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Atkins, Lou, and Susan Michie. "Designing interventions to change eating behaviours." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 74, no. 2 (May 2015): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665115000075.
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Understanding and changing eating behaviours are central to the work of Nutrition Society members working in both research and applied settings. The present paper describes a recently published resource to guide the design of interventions to change behaviour, The Behaviour Change Wheel: A Guide to Designing Interventions (BCW Guide). This is a practical guide to intervention design that brings together recently-developed theory-based tools in behavioural science into a coherent step-by-step design process. It is based on the BCW, a synthesis of nineteen frameworks of behaviour change found in the research literature. The BCW has at its core a model of behaviour known as ‘capability’, ‘opportunity’, ‘motivation’ and ‘behaviour’. The model recognises that behaviour is part of an interacting system involving all these components. The BCW identifies different intervention options that can be applied to changing each of the components and policies that can be adopted to deliver those intervention options. The book shows how the BCW links to theory-based frameworks to understand behaviour such as the Theoretical Domains Framework and the recently developed Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy v1 for specifying intervention content. In essence, it shows how to link what is understood about a given behaviour to types of intervention likely to be effective and then translate this into a locally relevant intervention. In addition, the present paper sets out some principles of intervention design.
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Waterhouse, Robert M., Anne-Françoise Adam-Blondon, Donat Agosti, Petr Baldrian, Bachir Balech, Erwan Corre, Robert P. Davey, et al. "Recommendations for connecting molecular sequence and biodiversity research infrastructures through ELIXIR." F1000Research 10 (August 1, 2022): 1238. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.73825.2.
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Threats to global biodiversity are increasingly recognised by scientists and the public as a critical challenge. Molecular sequencing technologies offer means to catalogue, explore, and monitor the richness and biogeography of life on Earth. However, exploiting their full potential requires tools that connect biodiversity infrastructures and resources. As a research infrastructure developing services and technical solutions that help integrate and coordinate life science resources across Europe, ELIXIR is a key player. To identify opportunities, highlight priorities, and aid strategic thinking, here we survey approaches by which molecular technologies help inform understanding of biodiversity. We detail example use cases to highlight how DNA sequencing is: resolving taxonomic issues; Increasing knowledge of marine biodiversity; helping understand how agriculture and biodiversity are critically linked; and playing an essential role in ecological studies. Together with examples of national biodiversity programmes, the use cases show where progress is being made but also highlight common challenges and opportunities for future enhancement of underlying technologies and services that connect molecular and wider biodiversity domains. Based on emerging themes, we propose key recommendations to guide future funding for biodiversity research: biodiversity and bioinformatic infrastructures need to collaborate closely and strategically; taxonomic efforts need to be aligned and harmonised across domains; metadata needs to be standardised and common data management approaches widely adopted; current approaches need to be scaled up dramatically to address the anticipated explosion of molecular data; bioinformatics support for biodiversity research needs to be enabled and sustained; training for end users of biodiversity research infrastructures needs to be prioritised; and community initiatives need to be proactive and focused on enabling solutions. For sequencing data to deliver their full potential they must be connected to knowledge: together, molecular sequence data collection initiatives and biodiversity research infrastructures can advance global efforts to prevent further decline of Earth’s biodiversity.
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Waterhouse, Robert M., Anne-Françoise Adam-Blondon, Donat Agosti, Petr Baldrian, Bachir Balech, Erwan Corre, Robert P. Davey, et al. "Recommendations for connecting molecular sequence and biodiversity research infrastructures through ELIXIR." F1000Research 10 (December 3, 2021): 1238. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.73825.1.
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Threats to global biodiversity are increasingly recognised by scientists and the public as a critical challenge. Molecular sequencing technologies offer means to catalogue, explore, and monitor the richness and biogeography of life on Earth. However, exploiting their full potential requires tools that connect biodiversity infrastructures and resources. As a research infrastructure developing services and technical solutions that help integrate and coordinate life science resources across Europe, ELIXIR is a key player. To identify opportunities, highlight priorities, and aid strategic thinking, here we survey approaches by which molecular technologies help inform understanding of biodiversity. We detail example use cases to highlight how DNA sequencing is: resolving taxonomic issues; Increasing knowledge of marine biodiversity; helping understand how agriculture and biodiversity are critically linked; and playing an essential role in ecological studies. Together with examples of national biodiversity programmes, the use cases show where progress is being made but also highlight common challenges and opportunities for future enhancement of underlying technologies and services that connect molecular and wider biodiversity domains. Based on emerging themes, we propose key recommendations to guide future funding for biodiversity research: biodiversity and bioinformatic infrastructures need to collaborate closely and strategically; taxonomic efforts need to be aligned and harmonised across domains; metadata needs to be standardised and common data management approaches widely adopted; current approaches need to be scaled up dramatically to address the anticipated explosion of molecular data; bioinformatics support for biodiversity research needs to be enabled and sustained; training for end users of biodiversity research infrastructures needs to be prioritised; and community initiatives need to be proactive and focused on enabling solutions. For sequencing data to deliver their full potential they must be connected to knowledge: together, molecular sequence data collection initiatives and biodiversity research infrastructures can advance global efforts to prevent further decline of Earth’s biodiversity.
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Gams, Matjaž, Žiga Kolar, Zdenko Vuk, Christina Samuelsson, Bernhard Jäger, and Erik Dovgan. "Similarities and Differences between EU Platforms in the AHA and AAL Domains from a Software Viewpoint." Healthcare 10, no. 2 (February 21, 2022): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10020401.
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The EU PlatformUptake project’s main goal is to investigate the usage of EU open and partly-open platforms in active and healthy aging (AHA) and ambient-assisted living (AAL) domains, from a software viewpoint. The aim of the project was to provide tools for a deeper interpretation and examination of the platforms, gather user feedback, and use it to improve the state-of-the-art approach in the AHA and AAL domains, and define instructions to enhance the platforms within the recommended order. The emphasis is on the software viewpoint for decision makers. In this paper, we present (i) the PlatformUptake methodology for AHA open platform assessments and its main objectives; (ii) clustering of the analyzed platforms; and (iii) the taxonomies generated from the text descriptions of the chosen platforms. With the use of the clustering tools, we present which platforms could be grouped together due to their similarities. Different numbers of clusters were obtained with two clustering approaches, resulting in the most informative two and four cluster groups. The platforms could be rather neatly presented in this way and, thus, potentially guide future platform structuring. Moreover, taxonomies, i.e., decision trees of platforms, were generated to easily determine each specific platform or to find platforms with the desired properties. Altogether, the computer comprehension of the platforms may be important additions to the human way of dealing with the AHA platforms, influencing future design, publications, related work, and research.
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Chaudhari, Sneha, Varun Mithal, Gungor Polatkan, and Rohan Ramanath. "An Attentive Survey of Attention Models." ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology 12, no. 5 (October 31, 2021): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3465055.
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Attention Model has now become an important concept in neural networks that has been researched within diverse application domains. This survey provides a structured and comprehensive overview of the developments in modeling attention. In particular, we propose a taxonomy that groups existing techniques into coherent categories. We review salient neural architectures in which attention has been incorporated and discuss applications in which modeling attention has shown a significant impact. We also describe how attention has been used to improve the interpretability of neural networks. Finally, we discuss some future research directions in attention. We hope this survey will provide a succinct introduction to attention models and guide practitioners while developing approaches for their applications.
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Ahmed Al-Hussein, Ward, Miss Laiha Mat Kiah, Por Lip Yee, and B. B. Zaidan. "A systematic review on sensor-based driver behaviour studies: coherent taxonomy, motivations, challenges, recommendations, substantial analysis and future directions." PeerJ Computer Science 7 (August 25, 2021): e632. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.632.
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In the plan and development of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), understanding drivers behaviour is considered highly valuable. Reckless driving, incompetent preventive measures, and the reliance on slow and incompetent assistance systems are attributed to the increasing rates of traffic accidents. This survey aims to review and scrutinize the literature related to sensor-based driver behaviour domain and to answer questions that are not covered so far by existing reviews. It covers the factors that are required in improving the understanding of various appropriate characteristics of this domain and outlines the common incentives, open confrontations, and imminent commendations from former researchers. Systematic scanning of the literature, from January 2014 to December 2020, mainly from four main databases, namely, IEEEXplore, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Web of Science to locate highly credible peer-reviewed articles. Amongst the 5,962 articles found, a total of 83 articles are selected based on the author’s predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then, a taxonomy of existing literature is presented to recognize the various aspects of this relevant research area. Common issues, motivations, and recommendations of previous studies are identified and discussed. Moreover, substantial analysis is performed to identify gaps and weaknesses in current literature and guide future researchers into planning their experiments appropriately. Finally, future directions are provided for researchers interested in driver profiling and recognition. This survey is expected to aid in emphasizing existing research prospects and create further research directions in the near future.
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Ullah, Ubaid, Jeong-Sik Lee, Chang-Hyeon An, Hyeonjin Lee, Su-Yeong Park, Rock-Hyun Baek, and Hyun-Chul Choi. "A Review of Multi-Modal Learning from the Text-Guided Visual Processing Viewpoint." Sensors 22, no. 18 (September 8, 2022): 6816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22186816.
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For decades, co-relating different data domains to attain the maximum potential of machines has driven research, especially in neural networks. Similarly, text and visual data (images and videos) are two distinct data domains with extensive research in the past. Recently, using natural language to process 2D or 3D images and videos with the immense power of neural nets has witnessed a promising future. Despite the diverse range of remarkable work in this field, notably in the past few years, rapid improvements have also solved future challenges for researchers. Moreover, the connection between these two domains is mainly subjected to GAN, thus limiting the horizons of this field. This review analyzes Text-to-Image (T2I) synthesis as a broader picture, Text-guided Visual-output (T2Vo), with the primary goal being to highlight the gaps by proposing a more comprehensive taxonomy. We broadly categorize text-guided visual output into three main divisions and meaningful subdivisions by critically examining an extensive body of literature from top-tier computer vision venues and closely related fields, such as machine learning and human–computer interaction, aiming at state-of-the-art models with a comparative analysis. This study successively follows previous surveys on T2I, adding value by analogously evaluating the diverse range of existing methods, including different generative models, several types of visual output, critical examination of various approaches, and highlighting the shortcomings, suggesting the future direction of research.
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Soimah, Nurul. "Pengetahuan Pasangan Usia Subur Tentang Deteksi Dini Kanker Rahim Dan Akses Layanan Pemeriksaan IVA/ Papsmear." Jurnal Kebidanan dan Keperawatan Aisyiyah 13, no. 2 (February 13, 2018): 150–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31101/jkk.398.
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Research using qualitative design of with focus group discution approach focused on fertile couples in the study group ‘Aisyiyah Ranting Gonggong, Bangunkerto, Turi, Sleman, March 2017 period. Informants were selected with purposive sampling technique, fertile couples aged between 16-40 years, FGD of 7 women of childbearing age and 1 male until saturated data obtained. Instrument guide FGD adopted from the “Mampu” program of ‘Aisyiyah Head of ‘Asyiyah Research Institute. Data analysis using Spradely Model, namely to verify for the meaning from data with domain analysis, record regularity, sort into the pattern, simplifying to the form of transcript, according to categories in te taxonomy, determine the theme of the findings (Sugiyono, 2008). The result of knowledge Knowledge of fertile couples is still lacking has not been information Suggestions of the leader of Aisyiyah Branch to add the material of ‘pengajian’ with reproductive health theme.Keyword: knowledge, early detection of cancer IVA test
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Azeem, Nahla S. Abdel, Ibrahim Tarrad, Anar Abdel Hady, M. I. Youssef, and Sherine M. Abd El-kader. "Shared Sensor Networks Fundamentals, Challenges, Opportunities, Virtualization Techniques, Comparative Analysis, Novel Architecture and Taxonomy." Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 8, no. 2 (May 15, 2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jsan8020029.
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The rabid growth of today’s technological world has led us to connecting every electronic device worldwide together, which guides us towards the Internet of Things (IoT). Gathering the produced information based on a very tiny sensing devices under the umbrella of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The nature of these networks suffers from missing sharing among them in both hardware and software, which causes redundancy and more budget to be used. Thus, the appearance of Shared Sensor Networks (SSNs) provides a real modern revolution in it. Where it targets making a real change in its nature from domain specific networks to concurrent running domain networks. That happens by merging it with the technology of virtualization that enables the sharing feature over different levels of its hardware and software to provide the optimal utilization of the deployed infrastructure with a reduced cost. This article is concerned with surveying the idea of SSNs, the difference between it and the traditional WSNs, the requirements for its construction, challenges facing it, and the opportunities that are provided by it, then describing our proposed architectures. As a result of using virtualization technology as a basic block in building SSNs, using different types of virtualization will produce different types of SSNs that will give different usages to it. This article proposes a novel approach of taxonomy for SSNs that is based on the used virtualization techniques, and it describes the needs and usages of each one. It presents a wide array of previously proposed solutions comparing them to each other and a brief description of the issues addressed by each category of that taxonomy. Additionally, the shared sensor architecture and shared network architecture were depicted. Finally, some of its applications in some daily life fields are listed.
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Burstein, Jill, Joel Tetreault, and Martin Chodorow. "Holistic Discourse Coherence Annotation for Noisy Essay Writing." Dialogue & Discourse 4, no. 2 (April 19, 2013): 34–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5087/dad.2013.202.
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This paper reviews annotation schemes used for labeling discourse coherence in well-formed and noisy (essay) data, and it describes a system that we have developed for automated holistic scoring of essay coherence. We review previous, related work on unsupervised computational approaches to evaluating discourse coherence and focus on a taxonomy of discourse coherence schemes classified by their different goals and types of data. We illustrate how a holistic approach can be successfully used to build systems for noisy essay data, across domains and populations. We discuss the model features related to human scoring guide criteria for essay scoring, and the importance of using model features relevant to these criteria for the purpose of generating meaningful scores and feedback for students and test-takers. To demonstrate the effectiveness of a holistic annotation scheme, we present results of system evaluations.
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Mayer, André Henrique, Cristiano André da Costa, and Rodrigo da Rosa Righi. "Electronic health records in a Blockchain: A systematic review." Health Informatics Journal 26, no. 2 (September 30, 2019): 1273–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1460458219866350.
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Blockchain could reinvent the way patient’s electronic health records are shared and stored by providing safer mechanisms for health information exchange of medical data in the healthcare industry, by securing it over a decentralized peer-to-peer network. Intending to support and ease the understanding of this distributed ledger technology, a solid Systematic Literature Review was conducted, aiming to explore the recent literature on Blockchain and healthcare domain and identify existing challenges and open questions, guided by the raise of research questions regarding EHR in a Blockchain. More than 300 scientific studies published in the last ten years were surveyed, resulting in an up-to-date taxonomy creation, challenges and open questions identified, and the most significant approaches, data types, standards and architectures regarding the use of Blockchain for EHR were assessed and discussed.
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Parunak, H. V. D., J. D. Kindrick, and K. H. Muralidhar. "MAPCon: a case study in a configuration expert system." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 2, no. 2 (May 1988): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060400000573.
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MAPCon II is the second generation (Muralidhar and Irish, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Commumcctions 6(5), 869–873, 1988) of an expert system that interactively guides a user in performing off-line configuration for local area networks that use MAP, the manufacturing automation protocol. This paper describes the configuration task in general and MAPCon in particular.Though MAPCon's purpose is off-line configuration, its problem domain requires that it accomplish other reasoning objectives in addition to those commonly associated with configuration. It is in the process of being expanded into an on-line network supervisor. We develop a taxonomy of reasoning objectives and show how MAPCon combines two different kinds of reasoning to accomplish its objectives. Our experience confirms that of other researchers, and suggests that building robust, practical systems will require us to understand more clearly the interfaces among different reasoning objectives.The paper has four parts: 1. a definition of configuration and other reasoning objectives; 2. a summary of the problem domain in which MAPCon operates; 3. a description of MAPCon as the user sees it; 4. a look ‘under the hood’ to see how MAPCon combines different objectives.
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Xu, Fan, Victor S. Sheng, and Mingwen Wang. "A Unified Perspective for Disinformation Detection and Truth Discovery in Social Sensing: A Survey." ACM Computing Surveys 55, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3477138.
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With the proliferation of social sensing, large amounts of observation are contributed by people or devices. However, these observations contain disinformation. Disinformation can propagate across online social networks at a relatively low cost, but result in a series of major problems in our society. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive overview of disinformation and truth discovery in social sensing under a unified perspective, including basic concepts and the taxonomy of existing methodologies. Furthermore, we summarize the mechanism of disinformation from four different perspectives (i.e., text only, text with image/multi-modal, text with propagation, and fusion models). In addition, we review existing solutions based on these requirements and compare their pros and cons and give a sort of guide to usage based on a detailed lesson learned. To facilitate future studies in this field, we summarize related publicly accessible real-world data sets and open source codes. Last but the most important, we emphasize potential future research topics and challenges in this domain through a deep analysis of most recent methods.
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Barsalote, Eda Marie, Hoa Thi Pham, Stela Lazarova, Vlada Peneva, and Jingwu Zheng. "Description of Longidorus cheni sp. n. (Nematoda, Longidoridae) from China." ZooKeys 744 (March 19, 2018): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.744.23265.
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Longidoruschenisp. n., an amphimictic species recovered from the rhizosphere ofLarixprincipis-rupprechtiiandPyracanthafortuneanain Shanxi and Beijing, China, is described and illustrated. The taxonomic position ofL.chenisp. n.among other species within the genus was elucidated using morphometric and molecular data, and phylogenetic relationships were inferred using D2–D3 expansion domains of 28S and 18S rRNA genes by Bayesian Inference (BI) method. The new species is characterised by females with a medium body size (L = 4.9–6.6 mm), a lip region slightly expanded, broadly rounded frontally and laterally, the amphidial fovea broad and symmetrically bilobed at base, odontostyle long and slender (143–168 μm), odonthophore slightly swollen at the base, tail short bluntly conoid to rounded. Guide ring located far posterior from the oral aperture (70–93 μm). Males with two ad-cloacal pairs of supplements preceded by a row of 10–14 ventromedian supplements, with robust spicules measuring 111–126 μm along the median line. Three juvenile stages were present, tail shape of J1 elongate conoid while in J2 and J3 the tail gradually becomes bluntly rounded. Codes for identifying the new species are: A6-B3-C5-D2-E2-F3-G1-H1-I2-J2-K2.Longidoruschenisp. n.belongs to a group of species with a guide ring at the mid-odontostyle position that have a predominantly Asiatic origin. It differs from all of them by a combination of morphological characters and unique sequences of partial 18S and D2–D3 region of 28S rRNA genes. The percentage dissimilarities in partial 18S and D2–D3 28S rRNA genes ofL.chenito the closest species (L.litchii,L.fangi,L.jonesiandL.juglans) were 1.5 %–1.8 % and 16.8–18.3 %, respectively.
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Ooi, Cheow Peng, Abdul Hanif Khan Yusof Khan, Rosliza Abdul Manaf, Norlaila Mustafa, Norlela Sukor, Paula R. Williamson, and Nor Azmi Kamaruddin. "Study protocol to develop a core outcome set for thyroid dysfunction to bridge the unmet needs of patient-centred care." BMJ Open 11, no. 7 (July 2021): e050231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050231.
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AbstractIntroductionThyroid dysfunctions (TD) are common medical conditions affecting all global populations. Improved healthcare leading to increasing survival rates and delayed diagnosis rendered significant burden of the disease in the increasing number of patients with TD with comorbid illnesses. Therefore, reducing the burden of TD and improving the quality of care are crucial. Existing poor-quality data that guide evidence-based decisions only provide a fragmented picture of clinical care. The different outcomes across studies assessing the effectiveness of treatments impede our ability to synthesise results for determining the most efficient treatments. This project aims to produce a core outcome set (COS), which embeds the multiple complex dimensions of routine clinical care for the effectiveness studies and clinical care of adult patients with TD.Methods and analysisThis mixed-method project has two phases. In phase 1, we will identify a list of patient-reported and clinical outcomes through qualitative research and systematic reviews. In phase 2, we will categorise the identified outcomes using the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials taxonomy of core domains and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. We will develop questionnaires from the list of outcomes identified from each domain for the two-round online Delphi exercise, aiming to reach a consensus on the COS. The Delphi process will include patients, carers, researchers and healthcare participants. We will hold an online consensus meeting involving representatives of all key stakeholders to establish the final COS.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee for Research Involving Human Subjects, Universiti Putra Malaysia and the Research Ethics Committee, National University of Malaysia. This proposed COS in TD will improve the value of data, facilitate high-quality evidence synthesis and evidence-based decision-making. Furthermore, we will present the results to participants, in peer-reviewed academic journals and conferences.Registration detailsCore Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) Initiative database registration: http://www.comet-initiative.org/studies/details/1371
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Turin, Tanvir C., Tasnima Abedin, Nashit Chowdhury, Mahzabin Ferdous, Marcus Vaska, Nahid Rumana, Rossana Urrutia, and Mohammad Ziaul Islam Chowdhury. "Community engagement with immigrant communities involving health and wellness research: a systematic review protocol towards developing a taxonomy of community engagement definitions, frameworks, and methods." BMJ Open 10, no. 4 (April 2020): e035649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035649.
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IntroductionThe importance of community engagement has been established globally in health and wellness research. A certain degree of ambiguity remains, however, regarding the meaning of community engagement, which term has been used for various purposes and implemented in various forms. In this study, we aimed to explore the different definitions of community engagement, discuss the various objectives that have been proposed and uncover the diverse ways this concept has been implemented among researchers working for the betterment of the health and wellness of immigrant communities in host countries.Methods and analysisTaxonomy is a process for classifying complex and multifaceted matters using logical conceptual domains and dimensions for clearer way of contextualising. We will develop a taxonomy to organise the available literature on community engagement in immigrant health and wellness research in a way that captures user knowledge and understanding of its various meanings and processes. Specific methodological and analytical frameworks for systematic review and taxonomy development will guide each step. We will conduct a comprehensive systematic search in relevant databases, from inception to December 2019, using appropriate keywords followed by snowball search (single-citation tracking, reference lists). Papers will be included if they fall within predefined inclusion criteria (seen as most likely informative on elements pertaining to community engagement) and are written in English, regardless of design (conceptual, qualitative and quantitative). Two reviewers will independently employ two-stage screening (title–abstract screening followed by screening of the full text to determine inclusion). Finally, information that helps to develop taxonomy of the concept and practice of community engagement will be abstracted and used towards taxonomy development, where different levels of stakeholder research team members will be involved.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this systematic review. We have opted for an integrated knowledge translation or a community-engaged knowledge mobilisation approach where we are engaged with community-based citizen researchers from the inception of our programme. We plan to disseminate the results of our review through meetings with key stakeholders, followed by journal publications and presentations at applicable platforms.
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Heristina Dewi and Arifninetrirosa. "Development Strategy of Gedruk Dance in Kuda Kepang Art in Kisaran, Sumatera Utara." Talenta Conference Series: Local Wisdom, Social, and Arts (LWSA) 3, no. 4 (December 4, 2020): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/lwsa.v3i4.1134.
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Gedruk dance is one of the traditional Javanese performing arts that accentuates the dancers' stomping. The term Gedruk comes from the word "Gedroek" which means stomping the feet. The dancers' stomping in the show is heard clinking and creates a lively and festive atmosphere. In Kisaran, Gedruk performances are interested in by Javanese and other tribes. Gedruk performance is accompanied by a set of musical instruments consisting of drums, saron, demung, bonang, kenong, angklung, selompret and gong. The Gedruk dance is performed at the same time as the kuda kepang show. This art is displayed at family celebrations, circumcisions, weddings and other celebrations. This study identifies strategies to develop Gedruk Dance in kuda kepang show in Kisaran, Sumatera Utara. The ways to develop it which are packaged as attractive as possible, then socialized and introduced to the wider community. This research uses qualitative research methods, data collection uses snowball sampling technique by conducting observations, interviews, and documentation. In data analysis, this study was guided by the data analysis techniques by Spreadly (1997), namely domain analysis, observation analysis and taxonomic analysis. The excitement of clinking the feet of the dancers and performing simultaneous and regular movements with various buto masks makes the audience amazed and fascinated. Through research, it is known how to develop the art of the Gedruk dance so that it is interested by Javanese people in Kisaran.
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al-Khafaji, Rasoul. "In search of translational norms." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 52, no. 1 (August 18, 2006): 39–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.52.1.03alk.
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Abstract The paper is an attempt, guided by the principles of Descriptive Translation Studies, to ‘detect’ and ‘describe’ the various types of shifts, in the area of lexical repetition, which have occurred in an Arabic–English translation. The study also tries to ‘explain’ the underlying factors which may have prompted the various decision-making processes behind these translation shifts. It is postulated that any translation product represents an intertext which carries the ‘finger-prints’ of the norms of its SL and culture. Moreover, translation as a retextualizing process is bound to be directed by the norms of the TL and its culture. The two poles of SL ‘adequacy’ norms and TL ‘acceptability’ norms have thus been at the background during the description, taxonomy, and explanation of the various types of shifts in lexical repetition detected in the study corpus. Different instances of shifts have been found to fall under three main categories: (a) Shifts which avoid or minimize lexical repetition; (b) Shifts which announce repetition by retaining it, though with some modifications; and (c) Shifts which emphasize lexical repetition by expanding it. Most shifts, it has been found, belong to the first category. A lengthy discussion of the possible causes which could have motivated the translator to perform these various shifts has come to the conclusion that the textual and cultural norms of the TL seem to play the major role in the operation. In order to ascertain that the above conclusion is not attributable to the ‘hegemony’ of the TL (English), nor to the individual translator or to the type of text being analyzed, a number of follow-up studies is proposed at the end. Résumé Guidé par les principes des études de traduction descriptive, l’article est une tentative de « détecter » et de « décrire » les différents types de changements dans le domaine de la répétition lexicale, qui se sont présentées dans une traduction arabe-anglais. L’étude cherche également à « expliquer » les facteurs sous-jacents qui peuvent avoir provoqué les différents processus de prise de décision derrière ces changements de la traduction. On pose comme principe que tout produit d’une traduction représente un intertexte, qui porte les «empreintes digitales » des normes de sa langue-source et de sa culture. De plus, la traduction, en tant que processus de retextualisation, est nécessairement guidé par les normes de la langue-cible et de sa culture. Par conséquent, les deux pôles des normes « de justesse » de la langue-source et des normes «d’admissibilité » de la langue-cible se trouvaient à l’arrière-plan, pendant la description, la taxonomie et l’explication des différents types de changements de la répétition lexicale, détectées dans le corpus de l’étude. On a remarqué que les différents exemples de changements s’inscrivaient dans trois catégories principales : (a) les changements qui évitent ou minimisent la répétition lexicale ; (b) les changements qui annoncent une répétition en la conservant ; et (c) les changements qui soulignent la répétition lexicale en la développant. On a découvert que la plupart des changements appartiennent à la première catégorie. Une longue discussion sur les causes possibles, qui peuvent avoir poussé le traducteur à effectuer ces divers changements, a abouti à la conclusion que les normes textuelles et culturelles de la langue-cible semblent jouer un rôle majeur dans l’opération. Un certain nombre d’études complémentaires sont proposées, afin de vérifier que la conclusion ci-dessus n’est imputable ni à « l’hégémonie » de la langue-cible (anglais), ni au traducteur individuel, ni au type de texte analysé.
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Jou, Yung-Tsan, Klint Allen Mariñas, and Charmine Sheena Saflor. "Assessing Cognitive Factors of Modular Distance Learning of K-12 Students Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic towards Academic Achievements and Satisfaction." Behavioral Sciences 12, no. 7 (June 21, 2022): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs12070200.
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The COVID-19 pandemic brought extraordinary challenges to K-12 students in using modular distance learning. According to Transactional Distance Theory (TDT), which is defined as understanding the effects of distance learning in the cognitive domain, the current study constructs a theoretical framework to measure student satisfaction and Bloom’s Taxonomy Theory (BTT) to measure students’ academic achievements. This study aims to evaluate and identify the possible cognitive capacity influencing K-12 students’ academic achievements and satisfaction with modular distance learning during this new phenomenon. A survey questionnaire was completed through an online form by 252 K-12 students from the different institutions of Occidental Mindoro. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the researcher analyses the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. The model used in this research illustrates cognitive factors associated with adopting modular distance learning based on students’ academic achievements and satisfaction. The study revealed that students’ background, experience, behavior, and instructor interaction positively affected their satisfaction. While the effects of the students’ performance, understanding, and perceived effectiveness were wholly aligned with their academic achievements. The findings of the model with solid support of the integrative association between TDT and BTT theories could guide decision-makers in institutions to implement, evaluate, and utilize modular distance learning in their education systems.
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Knapke, Jacqueline, Brett Kissela, Lynn Babcock, and Schuckman Stephanie. "2479 Acute care research competencies for clinical research professionals: A practitioner inquiry approach and assessment." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 2, S1 (June 2018): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2018.194.
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Acute care research is a unique area of clinical research that demands specialized skills, knowledge, and talents from empathetic professionals working in the field. Building off existing competencies for clinical research professionals, the Cincinnati Acute Care Research Council (ACRC) developed additional areas of competency for professionals working in the acute care research discipline. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Qualitative data obtained from job shadowing, clinical observations, and interviews were analyzed to understand the educational needs and desires of the acute care research workforce. We then utilized Bloom’s Taxonomy to build acute care research competencies that are measurable for job performance and build off of foundational clinical research professionals’ domains and competencies developed by the Joint Task Force of Clinical Trial Competency. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Results suggest 35 special interest competencies for acute care clinical research professionals under 8 common domains set by the Joint Task Force of Clinical Trial Competency. Additionally an approved ACRC tactic, from actionable learnings through community assessments throughout 2017, is the creation of a Task Force made up of acute care research Principal Investigators and Clinical Research Directors to focus on the identified training and professional development obstacles in the clinical research enterprise. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The competencies developed for acute care research should serve as guidelines for training a workforce prepared for the challenges of conducting research with each acute audience, as its own vulnerable population. These competencies will guide development of a multi-pronged program of professional development that will include new hire onboarding, new hire on-job training, and ongoing on-job training.
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Osman, Mohamed A., Kara Schick-Makaroff, Stephanie Thompson, Liza Bialy, Robin Featherstone, Julia Kurzawa, Deenaz Zaidi, et al. "Barriers and facilitators for implementation of electronic consultations (eConsult) to enhance access to specialist care: a scoping review." BMJ Global Health 4, no. 5 (September 2019): e001629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001629.
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IntroductionElectronic consultation (eConsult)—provider-to-provider electronic asynchronous exchanges of patient health information at a distance—is emerging as a potential tool to improve the interface between primary care providers and specialists. Despite growing evidence that eConsult has clinical benefits, it is not widely adopted. We investigated factors influencing the adoption and implementation of eConsult services.MethodsWe applied established methods to guide the review, and the recently published Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews to report our findings. We searched five electronic databases and the grey literature for relevant studies. Two reviewers independently screened titles and full texts to identify studies that reported barriers to and/or facilitators of eConsult (asynchronous (store-and-forward) use of telemedicine to exchange patient health information between two providers (primary and secondary) at a distance using secure infrastructure). We extracted data on study characteristics and key barriers and facilitators were analysed thematically and classified using the Quadruple Aim framework taxonomy. No date or language restrictions were applied.ResultsAmong the 2579 publications retrieved, 130 studies met eligibility for the review. We identified and summarised key barriers to and facilitators of eConsult adoption and implementation across four domains: provider, patient, healthcare system and cost. Key barriers were increased workload for providers, privacy concerns and insufficient reimbursement for providers. Main facilitators were remote residence location, timely responses from specialists, utilisation of referral coordinators, addressing medicolegal concerns and incentives for providers to use eConsult.ConclusionThere are multiple barriers to and facilitators of eConsult adoption across the domains of Quadruple Aim framework. Our findings will inform the development of practice tools to support the wider adoption and scalability of eConsult implementation.
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Burnes, David, Jessica Hsieh, Clara Scher, Paula Zanotti, Chelsie O. Burchett, Jo Anne Sirey, and Mark Lachs. "WHAT DOES SUCCESS MEAN IN THE CONTEXT OF ELDER ABUSE INTERVENTION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF VICTIMS?" Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S864. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.3173.
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Abstract Adult protective services (APS) and other community-based agencies respond to hundreds of thousands of elder abuse cases each year in the United States; however, little is known about what constitutes success in the context of elder abuse response intervention. This study explored the meaning of elder abuse intervention success from the perspective of victims themselves toward the development of a victim-centric taxonomy of outcomes. Guided by a phenomenological qualitative methodology, this study conducted in-person, semi-structured interviews with a sample of elder abuse victims (n = 30) recruited from APS in the states of Maine, New York, and California, as well as a community-based elder abuse social service program in New York City. To enhance trustworthiness, two researchers independently analyzed transcript data to identify key transcript statements into themes. Outcomes of success were identified across broad domains related to the victim, perpetrator, victim-perpetrator relationship, family system, and home environment. Specifically, common themes represented outcomes related to victim safety, autonomy, social support, and state of mind; perpetrator independence and accountability; and victim-perpetrator separation. For decades, the field of elder abuse has struggled to understand how to define success in the context of community-based intervention from a client-centered perspective. The taxonomy developed in this study provides a comprehensive and conceptually organized range of successful outcomes to serve as infrastructure for the development of meaningful intervention outcome measures. This study represents one of the largest efforts to understand and integrate the perspectives and needs of victims into elder abuse intervention practice/research to date.
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Luyster, Rhiannon J., Emily Zane, and Lisa Wisman Weil. "Conventions for unconventional language: Revisiting a framework for spoken language features in autism." Autism & Developmental Language Impairments 7 (January 2022): 239694152211054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23969415221105472.
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Background and aims Autism has long been characterized by a range of spoken language features, including, for instance: the tendency to repeat words and phrases, the use of invented words, and “pedantic” language. These observations have been the source of considerable disagreement in both the theoretical and applied realms. Despite persistent professional interest in these language features, there has been little consensus around terminology, definitions and developmental/clinical interpretation. Main contribution This review paper updates and expands an existing framework for unconventional language in autism to include a broader range of non-generative (echolalia and self-repetition) and generative (idiosyncratic phrases, neologisms and pedantic language) features often observed in the language of individuals on the autism spectrum. For each aspect of the framework, we review the various definitions and measurement approaches, and we provide a summary of individual and contextual correlates. We also propose some transitional language features that may bridge non-generative and generative domains (e.g., mitigated echolalia and gestalt language). Conclusions This updated framework offers a unified taxonomy and nomenclature that can facilitate further investigation and interpretation of unconventional language in autism. Implications There are important implications of this work for our understanding of the complex interplay between autism and language development. Equally important are the clinical ramifications that will guide evidence-based practice in assessment and intervention for individuals on the autism spectrum.
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Fauzia, Sifa Destry, Wakit Abdullah, and Dwi Purnanto. "Tradition of Sesaji Rewandaat Goa Kreo as local wisdom." Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics 12, no. 1 (May 31, 2022): 247–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v12i1.46537.
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Sesaji Rewanda tradition is a ceremonial ritual performed by the Gunungpati community in Goa Kreo which is an annual event on the fifth day of Shawwal a month in the Islamic calendar. The ritual ceremony of Sesaji Rewanda is a symbol of respect for the ancestors of the monkeys who had helped Sunan Kalijaga when taking teak wood to be used as the main pillar of the 'saka guru' at the Great Mosque of Demak. This study used descriptive methods with qualitative study forms. The data collection in this study utilized participation observation techniques, in-depth interviews, library studies, and documents. The data obtained were analyzed with an ethnolinguistic approach, then the data analysis technique was completed by ethnographic analysis methods covering domains, taxonomy, and components. In addition, informal and formal methods were applied in presenting data. The results of the study obtained the use of the term in the tradition of Sesaji Rewanda in Gunungpati. The terms used in traditional rituals are classified in monomorphemic and polymorphemic forms (fixation and composition). Through an ethnolinguistic approach, the traditional term Sesaji Rewanda contains lexical and cultural meanings. The mindset of the Gunungpati community is reflected in the terms used in the ritual tradition of Sesaji Rewanda. The use of terms in the lexicon of Sesaji Rewanda can be put as a guide or paradigm of life in behaving and living by the Gunungpati community.
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Efendi, Defi, Faizul Hasan, Regina Natalia, Ayuni Rizka Utami, Ismaila Sonko, Titik Ambar Asmarini, Risna Yuningsih, Dessie Wanda, and Dian Sari. "Nursing care recommendation for pediatric COVID-19 patients in the hospital setting: A brief scoping review." PLOS ONE 17, no. 2 (February 3, 2022): e0263267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263267.
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Background The hospitalization of children during the COVID-19 pandemic has affected their physical and mental health. Pediatric nurses have faced challenges in providing high-quality nursing care for children and their families. However, the pediatric nursing care recommendations for COVID-19 patients in the hospital setting remain unclear. The current scoping review provides recommendations for nursing interventions for pediatric COVID-19 patients in the hospital setting. Methods and findings The selected articles containing management and nursing recommendations for COVID-19 that have occurred in pediatric patients ages 0–19 years old. A search strategy was developed and implemented in seven databases. We included peer-reviewed articles that reported observational or interventional studies, as well as policy papers, guides or guidelines, letters and editorials, and web articles. A total of 134 articles and other documents relevant to this review were included. We categorized the results based on The Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) taxonomy which consists of six domains (e.g., Physiological: Basic); eleven classes (e.g., Nutrition Support); and eighteen intervention themes (e.g., Positioning, Family Presence Facilitation, Family Support, and Discharge Planning). Conclusion Apart from the intervention of physical problems, there is a need to promote patient- and family-centered care, play therapy, and discharge planning to help children and families cope with their new situation.
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Gama, Fábio, Daniel Tyskbo, Jens Nygren, James Barlow, Julie Reed, and Petra Svedberg. "Implementation Frameworks for Artificial Intelligence Translation Into Health Care Practice: Scoping Review." Journal of Medical Internet Research 24, no. 1 (January 27, 2022): e32215. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/32215.
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Background Significant efforts have been made to develop artificial intelligence (AI) solutions for health care improvement. Despite the enthusiasm, health care professionals still struggle to implement AI in their daily practice. Objective This paper aims to identify the implementation frameworks used to understand the application of AI in health care practice. Methods A scoping review was conducted using the Cochrane, Evidence Based Medicine Reviews, Embase, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO databases to identify publications that reported frameworks, models, and theories concerning AI implementation in health care. This review focused on studies published in English and investigating AI implementation in health care since 2000. A total of 2541 unique publications were retrieved from the databases and screened on titles and abstracts by 2 independent reviewers. Selected articles were thematically analyzed against the Nilsen taxonomy of implementation frameworks, and the Greenhalgh framework for the nonadoption, abandonment, scale-up, spread, and sustainability (NASSS) of health care technologies. Results In total, 7 articles met all eligibility criteria for inclusion in the review, and 2 articles included formal frameworks that directly addressed AI implementation, whereas the other articles provided limited descriptions of elements influencing implementation. Collectively, the 7 articles identified elements that aligned with all the NASSS domains, but no single article comprehensively considered the factors known to influence technology implementation. New domains were identified, including dependency on data input and existing processes, shared decision-making, the role of human oversight, and ethics of population impact and inequality, suggesting that existing frameworks do not fully consider the unique needs of AI implementation. Conclusions This literature review demonstrates that understanding how to implement AI in health care practice is still in its early stages of development. Our findings suggest that further research is needed to provide the knowledge necessary to develop implementation frameworks to guide the future implementation of AI in clinical practice and highlight the opportunity to draw on existing knowledge from the field of implementation science.
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Morais, Daniel, Victor Pylro, Ian M. Clark, Penny R. Hirsch, and Marcos R. Tótola. "Responses of microbial community from tropical pristine coastal soil to crude oil contamination." PeerJ 4 (February 18, 2016): e1733. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1733.
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Brazilian offshore crude oil exploration has increased after the discovery of new reservoirs in the region known as pré-sal, in a depth of 7.000 m under the water surface. Oceanic islands near these areas represent sensitive environments, where changes in microbial communities due oil contamination could stand for the loss of metabolic functions, with catastrophic effects to the soil services provided from these locations. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of petroleum contamination on microbial community shifts (Archaea, Bacteria and Fungi) from Trindade Island coastal soils. Microcosms were assembled and divided in two treatments, control and contaminated (weathered crude oil at the concentration of 30 g kg−1), in triplicate. Soils were incubated for 38 days, with CO2measurements every four hours. After incubation, the total DNA was extracted, purified and submitted for target sequencing of 16S rDNA, for Bacteria and Archaea domains and Fungal ITS1 region, using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Three days after contamination, the CO2emission rate peaked at more than 20 × the control and the emissions remained higher during the whole incubation period. Microbial alpha-diversity was reduced for contaminated-samples. Fungal relative abundance of contaminated samples was reduced to almost 40% of the total observed species. Taxonomy comparisons showed rise of the Actinobacteria phylum, shifts in several Proteobacteria classes and reduction of the Archaea class Nitrososphaerales. This is the first effort in acquiring knowledge concerning the effect of crude oil contamination in soils of a Brazilian oceanic island. This information is important to guide any future bioremediation strategy that can be required.