Academic literature on the topic 'Tau seeding'
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Journal articles on the topic "Tau seeding"
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Andrés-Benito, Pol, Margarita Carmona, Mónica Jordán, Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen, Enrique Santamaría, José Antoni del Rio, and Isidro Ferrer. "Host Tau Genotype Specifically Designs and Regulates Tau Seeding and Spreading and Host Tau Transformation Following Intrahippocampal Injection of Identical Tau AD Inoculum." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 2 (January 10, 2022): 718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23020718.
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Several studies have demonstrated the different characteristics of tau seeding and spreading following intracerebral inoculation in murine models of tau-enriched fractions of brain homogenates from AD and other tauopathies. The present study is centered on the importance of host tau in tau seeding and the molecular changes associated with the transformation of host tau into abnormal tau. The brains of three adult murine genotypes expressing different forms of tau—WT (murine 4Rtau), hTau (homozygous transgenic mice knock-out for murine tau protein and heterozygous expressing human forms of 3Rtau and 4Rtau proteins), and mtWT (homozygous transgenic mice knock-out for murine tau protein)—were analyzed following unilateral hippocampal inoculation of sarkosyl-insoluble tau fractions from the same AD and control cases. The present study reveals that (a) host tau is mandatory for tau seeding and spreading following tau inoculation from sarkosyl-insoluble fractions obtained from AD brains; (b) tau seeding does not occur following intracerebral inoculation of sarkosyl-insoluble fractions from controls; (c) tau seeding and spreading are characterized by variable genotype-dependent tau phosphorylation and tau nitration, MAP2 phosphorylation, and variable activation of kinases that co-localize with abnormal tau deposits; (d) transformation of host tau into abnormal tau is an active process associated with the activation of specific kinases; (e) tau seeding is accompanied by modifications in tau splicing, resulting in the expression of new 3Rtau and 4Rtau isoforms, thus indicating that inoculated tau seeds have the capacity to model exon 10 splicing of the host mapt or MAPT with a genotype-dependent pattern; (e) selective regional and cellular vulnerabilities, and different molecular compositions of the deposits, are dependent on the host tau of mice injected with identical AD tau inocula.
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Wu, Ruozhen, Jianlan Gu, Dingwei Zhou, Yunn Chyn Tung, Nana Jin, Dandan Chu, Wen Hu, et al. "Seeding-Competent Tau in Gray Matter Versus White Matter of Alzheimer’s Disease Brain." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 79, no. 4 (February 16, 2021): 1647–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-201290.
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Background: Neurofibrillary pathology of abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau spreads along neuroanatomical connections, underlying the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The propagation of tau pathology to axonally connected brain regions inevitably involves trafficking of seeding-competent tau within the axonal compartment of the neuron. Objective: To determine the seeding activity of tau in cerebral gray and white matters of AD. Methods: Levels of total tau, hyperphosphorylation of tau, and SDS- and β-mercaptoethanol–resistant high molecular weight tau (HMW-tau) in crude extracts from gray and white matters of AD frontal lobes were analyzed by immuno-blots. Tau seeding activity was quantitatively assessed by measuring RIPA buffer–insoluble tau in HEK-293FT/tau151-391 cells treated with brain extracts. Results: We found a comparable level of soluble tau in gray matter versus white matter of control brains, but a higher level of soluble tau in gray matter than white matter of AD brains. In AD brains, tau is hyperphosphorylated in both gray and white matters, with a higher level in the former. The extracts of both gray and white matters of AD brains seeded tau aggregation in HEK-293FT/tau151–391 cells but the white matter showed less potency. Seeding activity of tau in brain extracts was positively correlated with the levels of tau hyperphosphorylation and HMW-tau. RIPA-insoluble tau, but not RIPA-soluble tau, was hyperphosphorylated tau at multiple sites. Conclusion: Both gray and white matters of AD brain contain seeding-competent tau that can template aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau, but the seeding potency is markedly higher in gray matter than in white matter.
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Ferrer, Isidro, Maria Victoria Zelaya, Meritxell Aguiló García, Margarita Carmona, Irene López‐González, Pol Andrés‐Benito, Laia Lidón, Rosalina Gavín, Paula Garcia‐Esparcia, and José Antonio Rio. "Relevance of host tau in tau seeding and spreading in tauopathies." Brain Pathology 30, no. 2 (August 27, 2019): 298–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bpa.12778.
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Holmes, B. B., J. L. Furman, T. E. Mahan, T. R. Yamasaki, H. Mirbaha, W. C. Eades, L. Belaygorod, N. J. Cairns, D. M. Holtzman, and M. I. Diamond. "Proteopathic tau seeding predicts tauopathy in vivo." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111, no. 41 (September 26, 2014): E4376—E4385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1411649111.
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Holth, Jerrah K., Sarah K. Fritschi, Chanung Wang, Nigel P. Pedersen, John R. Cirrito, Thomas E. Mahan, Mary Beth Finn, et al. "The sleep-wake cycle regulates brain interstitial fluid tau in mice and CSF tau in humans." Science 363, no. 6429 (January 24, 2019): 880–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aav2546.
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The sleep-wake cycle regulates interstitial fluid (ISF) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of β-amyloid (Aβ) that accumulates in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Furthermore, chronic sleep deprivation (SD) increases Aβ plaques. However, tau, not Aβ, accumulation appears to drive AD neurodegeneration. We tested whether ISF/CSF tau and tau seeding and spreading were influenced by the sleep-wake cycle and SD. Mouse ISF tau was increased ~90% during normal wakefulness versus sleep and ~100% during SD. Human CSF tau also increased more than 50% during SD. In a tau seeding-and-spreading model, chronic SD increased tau pathology spreading. Chemogenetically driven wakefulness in mice also significantly increased both ISF Aβ and tau. Thus, the sleep-wake cycle regulates ISF tau, and SD increases ISF and CSF tau as well as tau pathology spreading.
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Robert, Aiko, Michael Schöll, and Thomas Vogels. "Tau Seeding Mouse Models with Patient Brain-Derived Aggregates." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11 (June 7, 2021): 6132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22116132.
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Tauopathies are a heterogeneous class of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by intracellular inclusions of aggregated tau proteins. Tau aggregates in different tauopathies have distinct structural features and can be found in different cell types. Transgenic animal models overexpressing human tau have been used for over two decades in the research of tau pathology. However, these models poorly recapitulate the heterogeneity of tauopathies found in human brains. Recent findings demonstrate that injection of purified tau aggregates from the brains of human tauopathy patients recapitulates both the structural features and cell-type specificity of the tau pathology of the donor tauopathy. These models may therefore have unique translational value in the study of functional consequences of tau pathology, tau-based diagnostics, and tau targeting therapeutics. This review provides an update of the literature relating to seeding-based tauopathy and their potential applications.
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Polanco, Juan Carlos, Yevhen Akimov, Avinash Fernandes, Adam Briner, Gabriel Rhys Hand, Marloes van Roijen, Giuseppe Balistreri, and Jürgen Götz. "CRISPRi screening reveals regulators of tau pathology shared between exosomal and vesicle-free tau." Life Science Alliance 6, no. 1 (October 31, 2022): e202201689. http://dx.doi.org/10.26508/lsa.202201689.
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The aggregation of the microtubule-associated protein tau is a defining feature of Alzheimer’s disease and other tauopathies. Tau pathology is believed to be driven by free tau aggregates and tau carried within exosome-like extracellular vesicles, both of which propagate trans-synaptically and induce tau pathology in recipient neurons by a corrupting process of seeding. Here, we performed a genome-wide CRISPRi screen in tau biosensor cells and identified cellular regulators shared by both mechanisms of tau seeding. We identified ANKLE2, BANF1, NUSAP1, EIF1AD, and VPS18 as the top validated regulators that restrict tau aggregation initiated by both exosomal and vesicle-free tau seeds. None of our validated hits affected the uptake of either form of tau seeds, supporting the notion that they operate through a cell-autonomous mechanism downstream of the seed uptake. Lastly, validation studies with human brain tissue also revealed that several of the identified protein hits are down-regulated in the brains of Alzheimer’s patients, suggesting that their decreased activity may be required for the emergence or progression of tau pathology in the human brain.
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Abskharon, Romany, Paul M. Seidler, Michael R. Sawaya, Duilio Cascio, Tianxiao P. Yang, Stephan Philipp, Christopher Kazu Williams, et al. "Crystal structure of a conformational antibody that binds tau oligomers and inhibits pathological seeding by extracts from donors with Alzheimer's disease." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 31 (June 3, 2020): 10662–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra120.013638.
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Soluble oligomers of aggregated tau accompany the accumulation of insoluble amyloid fibrils, a histological hallmark of Alzheimer disease (AD) and two dozen related neurodegenerative diseases. Both oligomers and fibrils seed the spread of Tau pathology, and by virtue of their low molecular weight and relative solubility, oligomers may be particularly pernicious seeds. Here, we report the formation of in vitro tau oligomers formed by an ionic liquid (IL15). Using IL15-induced recombinant tau oligomers and a dot blot assay, we discovered a mAb (M204) that binds oligomeric tau, but not tau monomers or fibrils. M204 and an engineered single-chain variable fragment (scFv) inhibited seeding by IL15-induced tau oligomers and pathological extracts from donors with AD and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. This finding suggests that M204-scFv targets pathological structures that are formed by tau in neurodegenerative diseases. We found that M204-scFv itself partitions into oligomeric forms that inhibit seeding differently, and crystal structures of the M204-scFv monomer, dimer, and trimer revealed conformational differences that explain differences among these forms in binding and inhibition. The efficiency of M204-scFv antibodies to inhibit the seeding by brain tissue extracts from different donors with tauopathies varied among individuals, indicating the possible existence of distinct amyloid polymorphs. We propose that by binding to oligomers, which are hypothesized to be the earliest seeding-competent species, M204-scFv may have potential as an early-stage diagnostic for AD and tauopathies, and also could guide the development of promising therapeutic antibodies.
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Leyns, Cheryl E. G., Maud Gratuze, Sneha Narasimhan, Nimansha Jain, Lauren J. Koscal, Hong Jiang, Melissa Manis, et al. "TREM2 function impedes tau seeding in neuritic plaques." Nature Neuroscience 22, no. 8 (June 24, 2019): 1217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41593-019-0433-0.
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Ridler, Charlotte. "Tau seeding starts early in the entorhinal cortex." Nature Reviews Neurology 14, no. 7 (May 24, 2018): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41582-018-0016-9.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Tau seeding"
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Pollack, Saskia Julie. "Self-assembly and seeding capabilities of an Alzheimer's disease associated fragment of tau." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/80073/.
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Lindberg, Max. "Fluorescent fusion proteins as probes to characterize tau fibril polymorphism." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kemi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-158263.
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a large and growing problem and while we today lack a full understanding of this disease, we know that the protein tau and the amyloid fibrils it forms play a central role in its development. We also know that these fibrils can have different morphologies in different diseases and that fibrils produced in vitro not necessarily adopt any of the morphologies found in patients. This means there is a need for more pathologically relevant fibrils in vitro to be able to understand this disease better. One approach to satisfy this need is to use fibrils found in patients as seeds and thus transfer their morphology to recombinantly purified protein. To facilitate this process this study has attempted to develop a way to differentiate between different fibril morphologies using a FRET based system. This involves fluorescent fusion proteins (tau-EXFPs) and fluorescent amyloid probes as well as seeding experiments with pseudo wild type tau (PWT) and tau with the P301L mutation. Greater differences in terms of fibrillation rates and ThT fluorescence between PWT and P301L was shown than previously reported between WT and P301L. They were also shown to differ in fibril morphology in TEM. The ThT fluorescence intensity was to a certain degree transferable from PWT to P301L by seeding. Furthermore, this study confirms that the tau-EXFP fusion protein can be incorporated into amyloid fibrils and strongly suggests that a FRET effect between EXFP and BTD14 (as well as X34 and ThT) can be achieved. It also demonstrates differences in FRET efficiency between PWT and P301L fibrils using FLIM. These results indicate that a FRET based approach could be a useful method to discern different fibril morphologies from each other, but further measurements and optimization are needed before this method could be reliably applied. The fusion proteins could also be used to investigate tau spreading in vivo, e.g. in D. melanogaster. To find suitable FRET partners to the fusion proteins, a ligand screen was conducted. This could be used as an alternative to the FRET method. With the right selection of fluorescent amyloid probes, a unique fingerprint for each fibril morphology could maybe be generated and fulfill the same intended function as the FRET method.
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Shaffer, Oliver Jacob. "Impact of planting date and seeding rate on grain and forage yields of wheat in Texas." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2417.
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Zallot, Rémi. "Identification et caractérisation d'une lipase exprimée pendant l'hydrolyse des réserves chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21840/document.
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Les réserves d’huile de la graine d’Arabidopsis thaliana sont hydrolysées par des lipases au cours de la croissance post-germinative de la plantule. Une protéine capable de fixer un inhibiteur de lipase a été identifiée à partir d’un extrait de plantules de colza. La séquence de cette protéine ressemble à celles de lipases connues. L’expression transitoire du gène orthologue d’Arabidopsis chez Nicotiana benthamiana induit l’apparition d’une activité lipase. Ces données suggèrent que cette protéine est une lipase. Une étude de la localisation in vivo de cette enzyme chez Nicotiana benthamiana indique qu’elle est localisée au niveau des peroxysomes. Chez Arabidopsis, le gène codant pour cette lipase est exprimé essentiellement lors de la croissance des plantules, quand l’hydrolyse de l’huile est maximale. L’analyse d’un mutant montre que ce gène est responsable de l’essentiel de l’activité lipase mesurée pendant la mobilisation de l’huile de réserve. Ces données suggèrent que cette lipase pourrait être impliquée dans la mobilisation des réserves lipidiques pendant la croissance post-germinative. Néanmoins, l’hydrolyse des réserves n’est pas diminuée chez le mutant. Cela pourrait être lié à une compensation par d’autres lipasesIn germinating seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana, fat storage breakdown is initiated by lipases. A protein capable to bind to a lipase inhibitor was identified from an extract of rape seedlings and its amino acid sequence found to resemble that of known lipases. Transient expression of the Arabidopsis orthologous gene led to a 100-fold increase in lipase activity in Nicotiana bethamiana leaves. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that this protein is indeed a lipase. In vivo localization studies using a GFP fusion protein in Nicotiana benthamiana as a transcient expression host showed a peroxisomal localization. In Arabidopsis, the gene coding for this lipase was found to be mainly expressed in seedlings during fat storage breakdown. Most lipase activity was abolished in germinating seedlings of an Arabidopsis mutant for this gene. These data suggest that this lipase is likely involved in the breakdown of fat storage in germinating seedlings of Arabidopsis. However, oil mobilization was not affected in Arabidopsis mutant plants. This might suggest that the effect of the mutation could be compensated for by other lipases
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Kalia, Bhanu. "Mining the Aegilops tauschii gene pool: evaluation, introgression and molecular characterization of adult plant resistance to leaf rust and seedling resistance to tan spot in synthetic hexaploid wheat." Diss., Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18934.
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Doctor of PhilosophyGenetics Interdepartmental Program
Bikram S. Gill
Leaf rust, caused by fungus Puccinia triticina, is an important foliar disease of wheat worldwide. Breeding for race-nonspecific resistant cultivars is the best strategy to combat this disease. Aegilops tauschii, D genome donor of hexaploid wheat, has provided resistance to several pests and pathogens of wheat. To identify potentially new adult plant resistance (APR) genes, 371 geographically diverse Ae. tauschii accessions were evaluated in field with leaf rust (LR) composite culture of predominant races. Accessions from Afghanistan only displayed APR whereas both seedling resistance and APR were common in the Caspian Sea region. Seventeen accessions with high APR were selected for production of synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW), using ‘TetraPrelude’ and/or ‘TetraThatcher’ as tetraploid parents. Six SHWs were produced and evaluated for APR to LR and resistance to tan spot at seedling stage. Genetic analysis and mapping of APR introgressed from accession TA2474 was investigated in recombinant inbred lines (RIL) population derived from cross between SHW, TA4161-L3 and spring wheat cultivar, ‘WL711’. Genotyping-by-sequencing approach was used to genotype the RILs. Maximum disease severity (MDS) for LR was significantly correlated among all experiments and APR to LR was highly heritable trait in this population. Nine genomic regions significantly associated with APR to LR were QLr.ksu-1AL, QLr.ksu-1BS, QLr.ksu-1BL.1, QLr.ksu-1BL.2, QLr.ksu-2DS, QLr.ksu-2DL, QLr.ksu-5AL, QLr.ksu-5DL and QLr.ksu-6BL. Association of QLr.ksu-1BL.1 with marker Xwmc44 indicated this locus could be slow-rusting APR gene, Lr46/Yr29. QTLs detected on 2DS, 2DL and 5DL were contributed by TA4161-L3 and are novel, along with QLr.ksu-5AL. Tan spot, caused by necrotrophic fungus, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, has recently emerged as a damaging disease of wheat worldwide. To identify QTLs associated with resistance to Race 1 of P. tritici-repentis, F[subscript]2:3 population derived from cross between SHW, TA4161-L1 and winter wheat cultivar, ‘TAM105’ was used. Two major effect QTLs, QTs.ksu-1AS.1 and QTs.ksu-7AS were significantly associated with tan spot resistance and contributed by TA4161-L1. QTs.ksu-7AS is a novel QTL and explained 17% of the phenotypic variation. Novel QTLs for APR to LR and tan spot identified in SHWs add new variation for broadening the gene pool of wheat and providing resources for breeding of durable resistant cultivars.
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Calafate, Sara de Sa Cesariny. "Tauopathy seeding models as a platform for Tau aggregation and clearance study." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/25016.
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Dissertação de mestrado em Biologia Celular e Molecular apresentada ao Departamento de Ciências da Vida da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de CoimbraA doença de Alzheimer é a forma de demência mais prevalente. Quando a proteína Tau perde a conformação correcta forma agregados, começando por originar oligomeros e mais tarde fibrilas de grandes dimensões dando origem a trancas neurofibrilares. Alguns estudos sugerem que estas espécies são transmitidas através das áreas do cérebro danificando o circuito neuronal. Para parar o avanço da doença muitos trabalhos têm em foco o desenvolvimento de terapias que manipulam a fosforilação desta proteína, a estabilização dos microtubulos e a indução da degradação da Tau. Para desenvolver terapias que impedem a agregação ou que induzam a degradação da Tau, é necessário desenvolver modelos que recapitulam a agregação. Neste trabalho “seeding effect” foi a estratégia utilizada para induzir a agregação da hTauP301L. No presente trabalho dois modelos in vitro baseados nesta estratégia foram utilizados – um desenvolvido em linhas celulares e outro em culturas neuronais primarias – onde se observou a hiper-fosforilação e agregação da Tau. A co-expressão da GSK3β aumentou a fosforilacao na ser202/thr205 na Tau solúvel e insolúvel, mas apenas a sua expressão não foi suficiente para induzir agregação. Em culturas neuronais primárias a fosforilação e agregação da Tau aumentam ao longo do tempo. A inibição da Hsp90 reduziu os níveis de Tau totais de e fosforilados no epitopo AT8, dando importância a esta estratégia como um potencial mecanismo para degradação da Tau.Com este trabalho produzimos dois modelos onde estudos em nucleação, agregação e transmissão sináptica da Tau poderão ser feitos. Estes modelos são ferramentas válidas para o desenvolvimento de fármacos para AD e outras Tauopatias
Alzheimer Disease is the most prevalent dementia. Abnormal folding of Tau leads to generation of aggregated Tau species like oligomers and further NFTs. Toxic Tau species were suggested to spread trough human brain and damage the neuronal circuit. To halt disease progression a noteworthy development in therapies based on phosphorylation modulation, Microtubule stabilization and enchantment of Tau clearance have been done. To develop therapies against Tau aggregation and aggregates clearance, the build up of models that recapitulates Tau pathology are required. In the following work the “seeding” strategy was used to achieve aggregation of hTauP301L. We worked with two in-vitro seeding models – cellular and primary neuronal- where phosphorylated insoluble hTauP301L is present. GSK3β was shown to increase ser202/thr205 phosphorylation in soluble and insoluble hTauP301L expressed in QBI but was not sufficient to induce aggregation alone. In primary neuronal seeding model tau aggregation and phosphorylation was increased over-time. Hsp90 inhibition was found to reduce total and AT8 immuno-reactive hTauP301L levels, emerging as a potential drug for Tau clearance. With this work we provide two models to study the mechanisms behind tau nucleation, aggregation, and trans-synaptic spreading. These models are valuable tools for the development of drugs for AD and Tauopathies.
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Kennett, Raymond Matthew. "The Evaluation of High Tannin Cotton Lines for Resistance to Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium aphanidermatum." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-12-7621.
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Cotton seedling disease complex is caused by a number of pathogens inducing similar
symptoms and can lead to thin, uneven stands that grow slowly and yield poorly. Preliminary
work indicated that a set of high tannin cotton lines developed and released in 1989 by Texas
A&M AgriLife Research, (Smith et al., 1990a, Smith et al., 1990b, Schuster et al., 1990) may
possess increased resistance to disease. This evidence, along with additional studies that show a
clear role of tannin in disease resistance, suggest that these high tannin cotton lines may prove
useful in breeding for increased resistance to cotton seedling disease complex. High tannin
cotton lines were screened for their resistance to Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium
aphanidermatum. While no high tannin germplasm line was more resistant to R. solani than the
resistant control, Tamcot SP 21, the potential for significant gains from selection was
demonstrated. Fifteen high tannin lines expressed resistance to P. aphanidermatum equal to the
resistant control, Tamcot Sphinx (El-Zik and Thaxton, 1996). This resistance was not shown to
be correlated with tannin content, though it is still unclear whether or not this lack of correlation
is real or due to limitations in measuring tannin in infected seedlings.
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Whiting, Elizabeth Cameron. "The effects of nursery incurred tap-root wounds on growth of Douglas-fir seedlings /." 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/13254.
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Stanislav, Scott Michael. "A Field-Scale Assessment of Soil-Specific Seeding Rates to Optimize Yield Factors and Water Use in Cotton." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-08-8201.
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Precision management of cotton production can increase profitability by decreasing inputs. The overall objective of this project is to improve cotton production by minimizing seeding rates while still maximizing yields and lint quality in water-limited soils. The research for this study was conducted at the Texas AgriLife Research IMPACT Center located in the Brazos River floodplain. In 2008 and 2009, 27 measurement locations were selected in production-sized center-pivot irrigated fields and planted in cotton variety Deltapine 164 roundup ready flex / bollgard II. Sites were selected based on soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) values, in a low, medium, and high ECa zones. Three seeding rates (74,100; 98,800; and 123,500 seeds ha-1) were established in each of the three ECa zones with three replications. In 2009, an additional seeding rate was added at 49,400 seeds ha-1. At each measurement location, soil texture, soil moisture (weekly), lint quantity and quality (High Volume Instrument) were measured. An additional replication for each ECa zone and seeding rate was selected for lint quantity and quality (HVI) measurements. Results indicated that cotton lint yield increased as ECa values, clay content, and water holding capacity of the soil increased. The seeding rates did not consistently affect cotton lint yield or quality. Seeding rates of 74,100 and 49,400 seeds ha-1 in a low and medium ECa zone for IMPACT-08 and -09 yielded more lint (300 kg ha-1), respectively. HVI lint quality parameters, such as, micronaire, fiber length, strength, uniformity, and elongation were significantly better in ECa zone 3.
While the seeding rates did not affect the amount of soil water used throughout the season, lint yield variations between ECa zones can be explained by the rate at which soil water was used. Lower rates at which soil water was used within ECa zone 3 resulted in higher lint yields when compared to ECa zones 1 and 2, which used soil water faster and at greater depths.
The findings suggest that irrigation applied to the low ECa zone was not sufficient to meet the plants demand, while in a high ECa zone, irrigation could have been reduced, resulting in cost savings through reduced inputs.
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Zhang, Yulan. "Salmonella Infection on Arabidopsis Seedlings Requires Both Host and Pathogen Factors." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8934.
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Human enteric pathogen Salmonella contaminates raw produce and triggers significant economic loss and illness. Under a natural environment, Salmonella resides in soil and enters the interior of plants without causing disease or eliciting symbiotic growth. Upon being consumed by humans, complex virulence mechanisms are elicited by the specific intestine conditions, such as high temperature and humidity and lead to profound infection. The lack of effective prevention and drug treatment are largely attributed to the unclear mechanistic understanding on Salmonella association with environmental media, and in vivo host and pathogen factors required for persistent infection. We have explored the potential of deploying the model plant organism Arabidopsis thaliana to tackle this fundamental yet clinically challenging question, as Arabidopsis possesses many advantages as a model system, including enriched genomic resources, powerful genetic tools, low maintenance cost and a large collection of individual gene deletion mutants. Our preliminary data demonstrated Arabidopsis seedlings under liquid culture conditions mimicking the intestine environment were infected and killed by salmonella within 2 days upon inoculation. The Arabidopsis system possesses well-developed genetic information and the resources to study host factors required for infection on very short time scales, thus complementing traditional animal genetic studies. We aim to define the pathogen factors required for this infection. By merging the fields of extremely powerful Arabidopsis genetics and bacterial genetics/genomics, we hope to provide insight into possible new paradigms for addressing salmonella-mediated food born infection.
Books on the topic "Tau seeding"
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Whiting, Elizabeth Cameron. The effects of nursery incurred tap-root wounds on growth of Douglas-fir seedlings. 1987.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Tau seeding"
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Maina, Katherine N., Caroline Smet-Nocca, and Gal Bitan. "Using FRET-Based Biosensor Cells to Study the Seeding Activity of Tau and α-Synuclein." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 125–45. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2597-2_10.
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Hai-Jew, Shalin. "Capturing the Gist(s) of Image Sets Associated with Chinese Cities through Related Tags Networks on Flickr®." In Social Media Listening and Monitoring for Business Applications, 245–315. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0846-5.ch011.
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To introduce how related tags networks may be extracted from Flickr® and used for “gist” and other analysis, this chapter describes the related tag networks associated with some of the cities of the People's Republic of China (used as seeding terms). The software used for the data extractions (from the Flickr® API) and the creation of various graph visualizations is the free and open-source Network Overview, Discovery and Exploration for Excel (NodeXL Basic), available on Microsoft's CodePlex platform.
Conference papers on the topic "Tau seeding"
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Faleyev, D. G., K. K. Boguspaev, E. G. Faleyev, and J. J. Myrzagaliev. "The effect of biohumus on the growth of seedlings of Scorzonera tau-saghyz Lipsch. et Bosse in the laboratory." In Fifth International Conference of CIS IHSS on Humic Innovative Technologies «Humic substances and living systems». CLUB PRINT ltd., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36291/hit.2019.faleyev.060.
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Arora, Rahul D. "Inpatient pharmacologic management of malignant bowel obstruction." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685360.
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Background: Management of life threatening complications encountered in Advanced Cancer is an important domain of Palliative Oncology. Malignant Bowel Obstruction is usually an indicator of poor prognosis in Advanced cancer. It is usually associated with malignancies in the gastrointestinal tract or those outside the gastrointestinal tract (gynaecological malignancies). MBO can also occur with primary peritoneal as well as secondary peritoneal malignancies. Diagnostic criteria for MBO include Clinical evidence of bowel obstruction, obstruction distal to the Ligament of Treitz, presence of primary intraabdominal or extra abdominal cancer with peritoneal involvement. Materials: Detailed below are two cases of Malignant Bowel obstruction managed with Conservative inpatient nonoperative management with discussion of the proposed pharmacological protocol for the same. Case Details: A 45 year old Postmenopausal female diagnosed as carcinoma ovary stage iiic with left lower limb Deep Venous Thrombosis post multiple lines of chemotherapy including Paclitaxel plus Carboplatin, Etoposide, Tamoxifen and Liposomal Doxorubin, Malignant pleural effusion post thoracentesis was seen in the wards. A 31 year old Female a known case of moderately differentiated carcinoma colon with transmural infiltration and serosal seeding along with omental deposits with hepatic metastasis was seen in the casualty with signs of Multiple episodes of bilious vomiting with colicky abdominal pain and diagnosed to have malignant bowel obstruction on clinic radiological evaluation. Both these patients were provided non operative management of malignant bowel obstruction, were kept nil per oral, nasogastric decompression was performed with ryles tube insertion, antisecretory medication Inj Octreotide 100 ug three times daily, Anti Edema measures Inj Dexamethasone 8 mg intravrenous three times daily, Anti spasmodic and anti secretory medication Inj Hyoscine Butyl bromide 10 mg three times daily, inj Metronidazole 500 mg intravenous three times daily and Pain medication Inj Tramadol hydrochloride 50 mg intravenous in 100 ml of normal saline three times daily. Both these patients developed hyperglycemia which was managed with human regular insulin prescribed as per the sliding scale. Results: Ryles tube aspirate showed a decreasing trend and both the Patients achieved clinical resolution of symptoms underwent deintubation on Day 10 and Day 13 respectively and were taking oral feeds at the time of discharge. They were prescribed pharmacologic management of adhesive bowel obstruction consisting of Tab activated Dimethicone 40 mg three times daily, Tab Lactobacillus one tablet three times daily and Polyethylene glycol one satchet upto three times daily for 15 days at the time of discharge. Results: Resolution of symptoms can be achieved by providing non operative pharmacological management outlined above which consists of adequate hydration, parenteral nutrition when indicated, antibiotics, decongestive anti edema measures, anti spasmodic and anti secretory medication. Conclusion: Management of Hyperglycemia induced by Octreotide and Dexamethasone requires Insulin therapy. Optimum Duration, dosage and route of administration of Octreotide in management of Malignant Bowel Obstruction needs to be evaluated further.
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PIMOKHOVA, Lyudmila, German YaGOVENKO, Zhanna TSARAPNEVA, and Nina Kharaborkina. "Impact of efficient protective chemicals on seeds yield of white lupin." In Multifunctional adaptive feed production 27 (75). ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2022-27-75-65-72.
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The white lupin is a source for qualitative plant protein to provide balanced nutrition for animals and poultry. Seed and green mass yield of modern lupin varieties can be 3–5 t/ha and 70–120 t/ha respectively. In spite of valuable qualities the production crop use is insufficient. One of the reasons is infection by diseases and pests. Anthracnose is the main dangerous and harmfulness disease. As a result lupin is in dire need for high effective protective chemicals. High effectiveness (97–96%) of seed dressers Vitaros – 2.0 l/t, Maxim XL – 2.0 l/t, Divident Star – 0.5 l/t, Selest Top – 0.7 l/t, Inshurperform – 0.7 l/t was revealed against seeds’ infection with anthracnose and other diseases under field conditions. The fungicides Amistar Extra – 0.5 l/ha, Spirit – 0.7 l/ha, Rakurs – 0.4 l/ha, Kolosal Pro – 0.4 l/ha, Bamper Super – 1.5 l/ha and Zantara – 1.5 l/ha are of high effectiveness (88–93%) for protection of lupin crops. The insecticides Tabu – 0.4 l/t and Selest Top – 07 l/t were high effective (76.2–96.0%) against seedlings pests. The most effective dressers (91–96%) against aphids and weevils were the chemicals BI-58 New – 0.7 l/ha and Borey Neo – 0.2 l/ha. The use of the mentioned chemicals for white lupin protection allows manage development and harmfulness level of harmful organisms in crops and prevent significant grain yield losses.
Reports on the topic "Tau seeding"
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Fromm, Hillel, Paul Michael Hasegawa, and Aaron Fait. Calcium-regulated Transcription Factors Mediating Carbon Metabolism in Response to Drought. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699847.bard.
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Original objectives: The long-term goal of the proposed research is to elucidate the transcription factors, genes and metabolic networks involved in carbon metabolism and partitioning in response to water deficit. The proposed research focuses on the GTLcalcium/calmodulinbindingTFs and the gene and metabolic networks modulated by these TFs in Arabidopsis thaliana. The specific objectives are as follows. Objective-1 (USA): Physiological analyses of GTL1 loss- and gain-of-function plants under water sufficient and drought stress conditions Objective 2 (USA / Israel-TAU): Characterizion of GTL target genes and bioinformatic analysis of data to eulcidate gene-network topology. Objective-3 (Israel-TAU): Regulation of GTLmediated transcription by Ca²⁺/calmodulin: mechanism and biological significance. Objective-4 (Israel-BGU): Metabolic networks and carbon partitioning in response to drought. Additional direction: In the course of the project we added another direction, which was reported in the 2nd annual report, to elucidate genes controlling drought avoidance. The TAU team has isolated a few unhydrotropic (hyd) mutants and are in the process of mapping these mutations (of hyd13 and hyd15; see last year's report for a description of these mutants under salt stress) in the Arabidopsis genome by map-based cloning and deep sequencing. For this purpose, each hyd mutant was crossed with a wild type plant of the Landsberg ecotype, and at the F2 stage, 500-700 seedlings showing the unhydrotropic phenotype were collected separately and pooled DNA samples were subkected to the Illumina deep sequencing technology. Bioinformatics were used to identify the exact genomic positions of the mutations (based on a comparison of the genomic sequences of the two Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes (Columbia and Landsberg). Background: To feed the 9 billion people or more, expected to live on Earth by the mid 21st century, the production of high-quality food must increase substantially. Based on a 2009 Declaration of the World Summit on Food Security, a target of 70% more global food production by the year 2050 was marked, an unprecedented food-production growth rate. Importantly, due to the larger areas of low-yielding land globally, low-yielding environments offer the greatest opportunity for substantial increases in global food production. Nowadays, 70% of the global available water is used by agriculture, and 40% of the world food is produced from irrigated soils. Therefore, much needs to be done towards improving the efficiency of water use by plants, accompanied by increased crop yield production under water-limiting conditions. Major conclusions, solutions and achievements: We established that AtGTL1 (Arabidopsis thaliana GT-2 LIKE1) is a focal determinant in water deficit (drought) signaling and tolerance, and water use efficiency (WUE). The GTL1 transcription factor is an upstream regulator of stomatal development as a transrepressor of AtSDD1, which encodes a subtilisin protease that activates a MAP kinase pathway that negatively regulates stomatal lineage and density. GTL1 binds to the core GT3 cis-element in the SDD1 promoter and transrepresses its expression under water-sufficient conditions. GTL1 loss-of-function mutants have reduced stomatal number and transpiration, and enhanced drought tolerance and WUE. In this case, higher WUE under water sufficient conditions occurs without reduction in absolute biomass accumulation or carbon assimilation, indicating that gtl1-mediated effects on stomatal conductance and transpiration do not substantially affect CO₂ uptake. These results are proof-of-concept that fine-tuned regulation of stomatal density can result in drought tolerance and higher WUE with maintenance of yield stability. Implications: Accomplishments during the IS-4243-09R project provide unique tools for continued discovery research to enhance plant drought tolerance and WUE.
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Eshel, Amram, Jonathan P. Lynch, and Kathleen M. Brown. Physiological Regulation of Root System Architecture: The Role of Ethylene and Phosphorus. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7585195.bard.
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Specific Objectives and Related Results: 1) Determine the effect of phosphorus availability on ethylene production by roots. Test the hypothesis that phosphorus availability regulates ethylene production Clear differences were found between the two plants that were studied. In beans ethylene production is affected by P nutrition, tissue type, and stage of development. There are genotypic differences in the rate of ethylene production by various root types and in the differential in ethylene production when P treatments are compared. The acceleration in ethylene production with P deficiency increases with time. These findings support the hypothesis that ethylene production may be enhanced by phosphorus deficiency, and that the degree of enhancement varies with genotype. In tomatoes the low-P level did not enhance significantly ethylene production by the roots. Wildtype cultivars and ethylene insensitive mutants behaved similarly in that respect. 2) Characterize the effects of phosphorus availability and ethylene on the architecture of whole root systems. Test the hypothesis that both ethylene and low phosphorus availability modify root architecture. In common bean, the basal roots give rise to a major fraction of the whole root system. Unlike other laterals these roots respond to gravitropic stimulation. Their growth angle determines the proportion of the root length in the shallow layers of the soil. A correlation between ethylene production and basal root angle was found in shallow rooted but not deep-rooted genotypes, indicating that acceleration of ethylene synthesis may account for the change in basal root angle in genotypes demonstrating a plastic response to P availability. Short-time gravitropic response of the tap roots of young bean seedlings was not affected by P level in the nutrient solution. Low phosphorus specifically increases root hair length and root hair density in Arabidopsis. We tested 7 different mutants in ethylene perception and response and in each case, the response to low P was lower than that of the wild-type. The extent of reduction in P response varied among the mutants, but every mutant retained some responsiveness to changes in P concentration. The increase in root hair density was due to the increase in the number of trichoblast cell files under low P and was not mediated by ethylene. Low P did not increase the number of root hairs forming from atrichoblasts. This is in contrast to ethylene treatment, which increased the number of root hairs partly by causing root hairs to form on atrichoblasts. 3) Assess the adaptive value of root architectural plasticity in response to phosphorus availability. A simulation study indicated that genetic variation for root architecture in common bean may be related to adaptation to diverse competitive environments. The fractal dimension of tomato root system was directly correlated with P level.
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Chamovitz, Daniel A., and Albrecht G. Von Arnim. eIF3 Complexes and the eIF3e Subunit in Arabidopsis Development and Translation Initiation. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7696545.bard.
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The original working hypothesis of our proposal was that The “e” subunit of eIF3 has multiple functions from both within the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. Within this model, we further hypothesized that the “e” subunit of eIF3 functions in translation as a repressor. We proposed to test these hypotheses along the following specific aims: 1) Determine the subcellular localization of the interaction between eIF3e and other eIF3 subunits, or the COP9 signalosome. 2) Elucidate the biological significance of the varied subcellular localizations of eIF3e through generating Arabidopsis eIF3e alleles with altered subcellular localization. 3.) Purify different eIF3e complexes by tandem affinity purification (TAP). 4) Study the role of eIF3e in translational repression using both in vitro and in planta assays. eIF3 is an evolutionarily ancient and essential component of the translational apparatus in both the plant and animal kingdoms. eIF3 is the largest, and in some ways the most mysterious, of the translation factors. It is a multi-subunit protein complex that has a structural/scaffolding role in translation initiation. However, despite years of study, only recently have differential roles for eIF3 in the developmental regulation of translation been experimentally grounded. Furthermore, the roles of individual eIF3 subunits are not clear, and indeed some, such as the “e” subunit may have roles independent of translation initiation. The original three goals of the proposal were technically hampered by a finding that became evident during the course of the research – Any attempt to make transgenic plants that expressed eIF3e wt or eIF3e variants resulted in seedling lethality or seed inviability. That is, it was impossible to regenerate any transgenic plants that expressed eIF3e. We did manage to generate plants that expressed an inducible form of eIF3e. This also eventually led to lethality, but was very useful in elucidating the 4th goal of the research (Yahalom et al., 2008), where we showed, for the first time in any organism, that eIF3e has a repressory role in translation. In attempt to solve the expression problems, we also tried expression from the native promoter, and as such analyzed this promoter in transgenic plants (Epel, 2008). As such, several additional avenues were pursued. 1) We investigated protein-protein interactions of eIF3e (Paz-Aviram et al., 2008). 2) The results from goal #4 led to a novel hypothesis that the interaction of eIF3e and the CSN meets at the control of protein degradation of nascent proteins. In other words, that the block in translation seen in csn and eIF3e-overexpressing plants (Yahalom et al., 2008) leads to proteasome stress. Indeed we showed that both over expression of eIF3e and the csn mutants lead to the unfolded protein response. 3) We further investigated the role of an additional eIF3 subunit, eIF3h, in transalational regulation in the apical meristem (Zhou et al., 2009). Epel, A. (2008). Characterization of eIF3e in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. In Plant Sciences (Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv University). Paz-Aviram, T., Yahalom, A., and Chamovitz, D.A. (2008). Arabidopsis eIF3e interacts with subunits of the ribosome, Cop9 signalosome and proteasome. Plant Signaling and Behaviour 3, 409-411. Yahalom, A., Kim, T.H., Roy, B., Singer, R., von Arnim, A.G., and Chamovitz, D.A. (2008). Arabidopsis eIF3e is regulated by the COP9 signalosome and has an impact on development and protein translation. Plant J 53, 300-311. Zhou, F., Dunlap, J.R., and von Arnim, A.G. The translation initiation factor subunit eIF3h is .1 involved in Arabidopsis shoot apical meristem maintenance and auxin response. (submitted to Development).