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Journal articles on the topic 'Tau in tre muoni'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Kajita, Takaaki. "Atmospheric Neutrinos." Advances in High Energy Physics 2012 (2012): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/504715.

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Atmospheric neutrinos are produced as decay products in hadronic showers resulting from collisions of cosmic rays with nuclei in the atmosphere. Electron-neutrinos and muon-neutrinos are produced mainly by the decay chain of charged pions to muons to electrons. Atmospheric neutrino experiments observed zenith angle and energy-dependent deficit of muon-neutrino events. It was found that neutrino oscillations between muon-neutrinos and tau-neutrinos explain these data well. This paper discusses atmospheric neutrino experiments and the neutrino oscillation studies with these neutrinos.

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2

Huggins, Robert, Neal Glaviano, Naoki Negishi, Douglas J. Casa, and Jay Hertel. "Comparison of Rectal and Aural Core Body Temperature Thermometry in Hyperthermic, Exercising Individuals: A Meta-Analysis." Journal of Athletic Training 47, no. 3 (May 1, 2012): 329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-47.3.09.

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Objective: To compare mean differences in core body temperature (Tcore) as assessed via rectal thermometry (Tre) and aural thermometry (Tau) in hyperthermic exercising individuals. Data Sources: PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library in English from the earliest entry points to August 2009 using the search terms aural, core body temperature, core temperature, exercise, rectal, temperature, thermistor, thermometer, thermometry, and tympanic. Study Selection: Original research articles that met these criteria were included: (1) concurrent measurement of Tre and Tau in participants during exercise, (2) minimum mean temperature that reached 38°C by at least 1 technique during or after exercise, and (3) report of means, standard deviations, and sample sizes. Data Extraction: Nine articles were included, and 3 independent reviewers scored these articles using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale (mean = 5.1 ± 0.4). Data were divided into time periods pre-exercise, during exercise (30 to 180 minutes), and postexercise, as well as Tre ranges <37.99°C, 38.00°C to 38.99°C, and >39.00°C. Means and standard deviations for both measurement techniques were provided at all time intervals reported. Meta-analysis was performed to determine pooled and weighted mean differences between Tre and Tau. Data Synthesis: The Tre was conclusively higher than the Tau pre-exercise (mean difference [MD] = 0.27°C, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.15°C, 0.39°C), during exercise (MD = 0.96°C, 95% CI = 0.84°C, 1.08°C), and postexercise (MD = 0.71°C, 95% CI = 0.65°C, 0.78°C). As Tre measures increased, the magnitude of difference between the techniques also increased with an MD of 0.59°C (95% CI = 0.53°C, 0.65°C) when Tre was <38°C; 0.79°C (95% CI = 0.72°C, 0.86°C) when Tre was between 38.0°C and 38.99°C; and 1.72°C (95% CI = 1.54°, 1.91°C) when Tre was >39.0°C. Conclusions: The Tre was consistently greater than Tau when Tcore was measured in hyperthermic individuals before, during, and postexercise. As Tcore increased, Tau appeared to underestimate Tcore as determined by Tre. Clinicians should be aware of this critical difference in temperature magnitude between these measurement techniques when assessing Tcore in hyperthermic individuals during or postexercise.

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3

GONZALEZ-GARCIA, M. C., and J. W. F. VALLE. "ENHANCED LEPTON FLAVOR VIOLATION WITH MASSLESS NEUTRINOS: A STUDY OF MUON AND TAU DECAYS." Modern Physics Letters A 07, no. 06 (February 28, 1992): 477–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732392000434.

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Lepton flavor violating rates can be experimentally measurable even if the observed neutrinos are strictly massless. We make a study of the attainable rates for anomalous leptonic muon and tau number violating decays such as μ→eγ, μ→3e, τ→μγ, τ→eγ, τ→μμ+ μ−, τ→ ee+e−, τ→eμ+μ−, etc. as well as semileptonic lepton flavor violating tau decays such as τ→μπ0, τ→eπ0, τ→eη, etc. All muonic violating decays can be as large as the present limits from LAMPF, TRIUMF and PSI. The corresponding tau violating processes can all be at the limit of sensitivity of the upcoming τ factories.

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4

Dordevic, Milos. "The CMS Particle Flow Algorithm." EPJ Web of Conferences 191 (2018): 02016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201819102016.

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The event reconstruction at the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is predominantly based on the Particle Flow algorithm. This algorithm for a global event description uses the information from all subdetector systems, unlike the previous, traditional approaches that were focused on the localized information in each subdetector. These traditional methods use the raw information (tracks, hits), while the Particle Flow algorithm completely reconstructs the event by identifying and reconstructing the comprehensive list of final-state particles (photons, electrons, muons, charged and neutral hadrons), resulting in superior reconstruction of jets, missing transverse energy, tau leptons, electrons and muons. This approach also allows for efficient identification and mitigation of the pileup effect. The concept and performance of the Particle Flow algorithm, together with the prospects for its development in the context of the upgraded CMS detector, are presented in this overview.

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5

Gallo, Giuseppe, Domenico Lo Presti, Danilo Luigi Bonanno, Giovanni Bonanno, Paola La Rocca, Santo Reito, Francesco Riggi, and Giuseppe Romeo. "Proof-of-Principle of a Cherenkov-Tag Detector Prototype." Sensors 20, no. 12 (June 18, 2020): 3437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20123437.

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In a recent paper, the authors discussed the feasibility study of an innovative technique based on the directionality of Cherenkov light produced in a transparent material to improve the signal to noise ratio in muon imaging applications. In particular, the method was proposed to help in the correct identification of incoming muons direction. After the first study by means of Monte Carlo simulations with Geant4, the first reduced scale prototype of such a detector was built and tested at the Department of Physics and Astronomy "E. Majorana" of the University of Catania (Italy). The characterization technique is based on muon tracking by means of the prototype in coincidence with two scintillating tiles. The results of this preliminary test confirm the validity of the technique and stressed the importance to enhance the Cherenkov photons production to get a signal well distinguishable with respect to sensors and electronic noise.

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6

SHI, ZHI-QIANG, and GUANG-JIONG NI. "EXPERIMENTAL TESTS ON THE LIFETIME ASYMMETRY." Modern Physics Letters A 26, no. 13 (April 30, 2011): 987–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732311035250.

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The experimental test problem of the left–right polarization-dependent lifetime asymmetry is discussed. It shows that the existing experiments cannot demonstrate the lifetime asymmetry to be right or wrong after analyzing the measurements on the neutron, the muon and the tau lifetime, as well as the g-2 experiment. However, it is pointed out emphatically that the SLD and the E158 experiments, the measurements of the left–right integrated cross section asymmetry in Z boson production by e+e- collisions and by electron–electron Møller scattering, can indirectly demonstrate the lifetime asymmetry. In order to directly demonstrate the lifetime asymmetry, we propose some possible experiments on the decays of polarized muons. The precise measurement of the lifetime asymmetry could have important significance for building a muon collider, also in cosmology and astrophysics. It would provide a sensitive test of the standard model in particle physics and allow for exploration of the possible V+A interactions.

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7

Uglov, Timofey. "Proposal of the Muon System for the Super Tau-Charm Factory." EPJ Web of Conferences 212 (2019): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921201010.

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The first results of the Super Charm-Tau factory muon system simulation are presented: estimation of the main characteristics such as space resolution and muon identification efficiency. A design of the muon system for the Super Charm-Tau factory based on the organic scintillator + WLS fiber + SiPM is proposed.

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8

Garg, Diksha, Sameer Patel, Mary Hall Reno, Alexander Reustle, Yosui Akaike, Luis A. Anchordoqui, Douglas R. Bergman, et al. "Neutrino propagation in the Earth and emerging charged leptons with nuPyProp." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2023, no. 01 (January 1, 2023): 041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2023/01/041.

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Abstract Ultra-high-energy neutrinos serve as messengers of some of the highest energy astrophysical environments. Given that neutrinos are neutral and only interact via weak interactions, neutrinos can emerge from sources, traverse astronomical distances, and point back to their origins. Their weak interactions require large target volumes for neutrino detection. Using the Earth as a neutrino converter, terrestrial, sub-orbital, and satellite-based instruments are able to detect signals of neutrino-induced extensive air showers. In this paper, we describe the software code nuPyProp that simulates tau neutrino and muon neutrino interactions in the Earth and predicts the spectrum of the τ-leptons and muons that emerge. The nuPyProp outputs are lookup tables of charged lepton exit probabilities and energies that can be used directly or as inputs to the nuSpaceSim code designed to simulate optical and radio signals from extensive air showers induced by the emerging charged leptons. We describe the inputs to the code, demonstrate its flexibility and show selected results for τ-lepton and muon exit probabilities and energy distributions. The nuPyProp code is open source, available on github.

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9

Venere, L. Di, G. Giavitto, F. Giordano, R. López-Coto, and R. Pillera. "A fast muon tagger method for Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1548, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1548/1/012036.

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Abstract The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) will be the next major observatory for Very High Energy gamma-ray astronomy. Its optical throughput calibration relies on muon Cherenkov rings. This work is aimed at developing a fast and efficient muon tagger at the camera level for the CTA telescopes. A novel technique to tag muons using the capabilities of silicon photomultiplier Compact High-Energy Camera CHEC-S, one of the design options for the camera of the small size telescopes, has been developed, studying and comparing different algorithms such as circle fitting with the Taubin method, machine learning using a neural network and simple pixel counting. Their performance in terms of efficiency and computation speed was investigated using simulations with varying levels of night sky background light. The application of the best performing method to the large size telescope camera has also been studied, to improve the speed of the muon preselection.

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10

Dell'Asta, L. "The ATLAS muon and tau triggers." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 523 (June 6, 2014): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/523/1/012018.

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11

Arbuzov, A. B., T. V. Kopylova, and I. K. Sklyarov. "On spin asymmetry in muon and tau decays." International Journal of Modern Physics A 33, no. 32 (November 20, 2018): 1850191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x18501919.

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The angular asymmetry in decays of polarized muons and tau leptons is discussed. Both the standard [Formula: see text] Fermi model and the general parametrization via Michel parameters are considered. Numerical importance of contributions suppressed by charged lepton mass ratio is underlined. Contribution of the second order QED correction is estimated in the leading logarithm approximation.

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12

Morris, Nathan B., Anthony R. Bain, Matthew N. Cramer, and Ollie Jay. "Evidence that transient changes in sudomotor output with cold and warm fluid ingestion are independently modulated by abdominal, but not oral thermoreceptors." Journal of Applied Physiology 116, no. 8 (April 15, 2014): 1088–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01059.2013.

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Two studies were performed to 1) characterize changes in local sweat rate (LSR) following fluid ingestion of different temperatures during exercise, and 2) identify the potential location of thermoreceptors along the gastrointestinal tract that independently modify sudomotor activity. In study 1, 12 men cycled at 50% V̇o2peakfor 75 min while ingesting 3.2 ml/kg of 1.5°C, 37°C, or 50°C fluid 5 min before exercise; and after 15, 30, and 45-min of exercise. In study 2, 8 men cycled at 50% V̇o2peakfor 75 min while 3.2 ml/kg of 1.5°C or 50°C fluid was delivered directly into the stomach via a nasogastric tube (NG trials) or was mouth-swilled only (SW trials) after 15, 30, and 45 min of exercise. Rectal (Tre), aural canal (Tau), and mean skin temperature (Tsk); and LSR on the forehead, upper-back, and forearm were measured. In study 1, Tre, Tau, and Tskwere identical between trials, but after each ingestion, LSR was significantly suppressed at all sites with 1.5°C fluid and was elevated with 50°C fluid compared with 37°C fluid ( P < 0.001). The peak difference in mean LSR between 1.5°C and 50°C fluid after ingestion was 0.29 ± 0.06 mg·min−1·cm−2. In study 2, LSR was similar between 1.5°C and 50°C fluids with SW trials ( P = 0.738), but lower at all sites with 1.5°C fluid in NG trials ( P < 0.001) despite no concurrent differences in Tre, Tau, and Tsk. These data demonstrate that 1) LSR is transiently altered by cold and warm fluid ingestion despite similar core and skin temperatures; and 2) thermoreceptors that independently and acutely modulate sudomotor output during fluid ingestion probably reside within the abdominal area, but not the mouth.

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13

L-Thongkum, Theraphan. "The Tai of Muong Vat do not Speak the Black Tai Language." MANUSYA 6, no. 4 (2003): 74–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-00604005.

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A word list of 3,343 items with Standard Thai, English and Vietnamese glosses was used for eliciting the Black Tai or Tai Dam language data at each of the twelve research sites: ten in northern Vietnam, one in northern Laos, and one in central Thaialnd. The data collected at two villages in Muong Vat could not be used for a reconstruction of Old Black Tai phonological system and a lexicon because on a phonological basis and a lexical basis, the Tai dialect of Muong Vat is not Black Tai, especially the one spoken at Ban Phat, Chieng Pan sub-district and Ban Coc Lac, Tu Nang sub-district, Son La province, Vietnam.

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14

Qian, Sitian, Zhe Guan, Sen Deng, Yunxuan Song, Tianyu Mu, Jie Xiao, Tianyi Yang, et al. "Boosted Tau Lepton as a Microscope and Macroscope." Advances in High Energy Physics 2022 (September 7, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4931241.

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Anomalies from the LHCb lepton flavour universality and Fermilab muon anomalous magnetic moment show tantalizing hints of possible new physics from the lepton sectors. Due to its large mass and shorter lifetime than muon, the tau lepton is believed to couple more to possible new physics beyond the Standard Model. Traditionally, tau leptons are probed through their decay products due to tau’s short lifetime. On the other hand, at a high energy scale, a large fraction of tau leptons could be boosted to a much longer lifetime and fly a visible distance from several centimetres up to kilometer length scale yet very informative to new physics beyond the standard model or high energy cosmic rays. In this article, we investigate rare, yet promising, tau-physics phenomena, where long-lived taus are exploited either as a microscope (for the measurement of tau’s anomalous magnetic moment to an unprecedented level of accuracy) or as a macroscope (for the detection of 1 TeV to 1 PeV cosmic neutrinos).

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15

LAFFERTY, G. D. "TAU PHYSICS FROM B FACTORIES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 21, no. 27 (October 30, 2006): 5660–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x06034872.

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Some recent τ-physics results are presented from the BaBar and Belle experiments at the SLAC and KEK B factories, which produce copious numbers of τ-lepton pairs. Measurements of the tau mass and lifetime allow to test lepton universality and CPT invariance, while searches for lepton-flavour violation in tau decays are powerful ways to look for physics beyond the Standard Model. In semihadronic, non-strange tau decays, the vector hadronic final state is particularly important in helping determine the hadronic corrections to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, while studies of strange final states are the best available ways to measure the CKM matrix element V us and the mass of the strange quark.

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16

LYUBOSHITZ, VALERY V., and VLADIMIR L. LYUBOSHITZ. "LEPTON MIXING UNDER THE LEPTON CHARGE NONCONSERVATION, NEUTRINO MASSES AND OSCILLATIONS AND THE "FORBIDDEN" DECAY μ- → e- + γ." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 35 (January 2014): 1460394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194514603949.

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The lepton-charge (Le, Lμ, Lτ) nonconserving interaction leads to the mixing of the electron, muon and tau neutrinos, which manifests itself in spatial oscillations of a neutrino beam, and also to the mixing of the electron, negative muon and tau lepton, which, in particular, may be the cause of the "forbidden" radiative decay of the negative muon into the electron and γ quantum. Under the assumption that the nondiagonal elements of the mass matrices for neutrinos and ordinary leptons, connected with the lepton charge nonconservation, are the same, and by performing the joint analysis of the experimental data on neutrino oscillations and experimental restriction for the probability of the decay μ- → e- + γ per unit time, the following estimate for the lower bound of neutrino mass has been obtained: [Formula: see text].

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17

Tumasyan, A., W. Adam, J. W. Andrejkovic, T. Bergauer, S. Chatterjee, M. Dragicevic, A. Escalante Del Valle, et al. "Identification of hadronic tau lepton decays using a deep neural network." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 07 (July 1, 2022): P07023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/07/p07023.

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Abstract A new algorithm is presented to discriminate reconstructed hadronic decays of tau leptons (τ h) that originate from genuine tau leptons in the CMS detector against τ h candidates that originate from quark or gluon jets, electrons, or muons. The algorithm inputs information from all reconstructed particles in the vicinity of a τ h candidate and employs a deep neural network with convolutional layers to efficiently process the inputs. This algorithm leads to a significantly improved performance compared with the previously used one. For example, the efficiency for a genuine τ h to pass the discriminator against jets increases by 10–30% for a given efficiency for quark and gluon jets. Furthermore, a more efficient τ h reconstruction is introduced that incorporates additional hadronic decay modes. The superior performance of the new algorithm to discriminate against jets, electrons, and muons and the improved τ h reconstruction method are validated with LHC proton-proton collision data at √s = 13 TeV.

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18

Friis, E. K. "Tau Reconstruction and Identification at the Compact Muon Solenoid." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 218, no. 1 (September 2011): 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2011.06.041.

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19

Halzen, Francis. "IceCube and the discovery of high-energy cosmic neutrinos." International Journal of Modern Physics D 25, no. 14 (December 2016): 1630028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271816300287.

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By transforming a cubic kilometer of natural Antarctic ice into a neutrino detector, the IceCube project created the opportunity to observe cosmic neutrinos. We describe the experiment and the complementary methods presently used to study the flux of the recently discovered cosmic neutrinos. In one method, events are selected in which neutrinos interacted inside the instrumented volume of the detector, yielding a sample of events dominated by neutrinos of electron and tau flavor. Alternatively, another method detects secondary muons produced by neutrinos selected for having traveled through the Earth to reach the detector, providing a pure sample of muon neutrinos. We will summarize the results obtained with the enlarged data set collected since the initial discovery and appraise the current status of high-energy neutrino astronomy. The large extragalactic neutrino flux observed points to a nonthermal universe with comparable energy in neutrinos, gamma rays and cosmic rays. Continued observations may be closing in on the source candidates. In this context, we highlight the potential of multimessenger analyses as well as the compelling case for constructing a next-generation detector larger in volume by one order of magnitude.

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20

De Lellis, Giovanni, Sergey Dmitrievsky, Giuliana Galati, Artemis Lavasa, Tibor Šimko, Ioannis Tsanaktsidis, and Andrey Ustyuzhanin. "Dataset of tau neutrino interactions recorded by the OPERA experiment." EPJ Web of Conferences 245 (2020): 08013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202024508013.

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We describe the dataset of very rare events recorded by the OPERA experiment. The events represent tracks of particles associated with tau neutrino interactions coming from the transformation of muon neutrinos due to a process known as neutrino oscillations. The events have been published on the CERN Open Data Portal. We describe the dataset semantics and the interactive event display visualisation tool accompanying the data release.

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21

LYUBOSHITZ, VALERY V., and VLADIMIR L. LYUBOSHITZ. "ON THE SPIN CORRELATIONS OF MUONS AND TAU LEPTONS GENERATED IN THE ANNIHILATION PROCESSES e+e- → μ+μ-, e+e- → τ+τ-." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 35 (January 2014): 1460452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194514604529.

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Using the technique of helicity amplitudes, the electromagnetic process e+e- → μ+μ-(τ+τ-) is theoretically studied in the one-photon approximation. The structure of the triplet states of the final (μ+μ-) system is analyzed. It is shown that in the case of unpolarized electron and positron the final muons are also unpolarized, but their spins are strongly correlated. Explicit expressions for the components of the correlation tensor of the (μ+μ-) system are derived. The formula for the angular correlation at the decays of final muons μ+ and μ- is obtained. It is demonstrated that spin correlations of muons in the considered process have the purely quantum character, since one of the Bell-type incoherence inequalities for the correlation tensor components is always violated.

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22

Safitri, Diah Ramadhanti, Bulan Prabawani, and Andi Wijayanto. "Analisis Eko-Efisiensi Manajemen Operasi Produksi Tahu pada Usaha Kecil Tahu Murni Putra Nata Jaya Kabupaten Tegal." Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Bisnis 11, no. 4 (October 20, 2022): 782–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jiab.2022.36167.

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Eco-efficiency concept is based on operations management theory which is a strategy to add economic value while reducing environmental impact. Non-product output (NPO) can be used as a simple indicator to calculate eco-efficiency in SMEs. One of SMEs that is easy to find in Indonesia is tofu industry. Indonesians choose tofu as an alternative to fulfill their protein requirements. Tofu production itself cannot be separated from waste that has an impact on the environment. The small enterprise Tahu Murni Putra Nata Jaya produces 150 kg of soybeans with output is yellow tofu which has problems with inefficiency of needs and production waste. This study aims to determine the implementation of eco-efficiency in small enterprise Tahu Murni Putra Nata Jaya. The type of this research is analysis descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques using observation, interview, and documents study. The result of this research are small enterprise Tahu Murni Putra Nata Jaya has not fully implemented the eco-efficiency concept because with a production cost Rp 4.238.930,31 per day, it produces NPO Rp 763.952,91 which has not been managed. The ratio of NPO to production costs is 18,02%. Eco-efficiency needs to be implemented to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of production. Based on the results, researcher provide suggestions to the small enterprise Tahu Murni Putra Nata Jaya, similar SMEs, or SMEs with the same problem to implement eco-efficiency approach, to aware the waste treatment to get added value, and use properly equipment for the safety of workers as well as improving the production quality. Konsep eko-efisiensi yang bersumber dari teori manajemen operasi merupakan strategi untuk menambah nilai ekonomi sekaligus mengurangi dampak lingkungan. Non-product output (NPO) dapat digunakan sebagai indikator sederhana untuk menghitung eko-efisiensi di UMKM.Salah satu UMKM yang mudah ditemukan di Indonesia adalah industri tahu. Masyarakat Indonesia memilih tahu sebagai alternatif untuk memenuhi kebutuhan proteinnya. Produksi tahu sendiri tidak lepas dari limbah yang berdampak pada lingkungan. Usaha Kecil Tahu Murni Putra Nata Jaya memproduksi 150 kg kedelai dengan output tahu kuning, memiliki permasalahan terhadap inefisiensi kebutuhan dan limbah produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan ekoefisiensi pada Usaha Kecil Tahu Murni Putra Nata Jaya. Tipe penelitian adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumen. Hasil penelitian ini adalah Usaha Kecil Tahu Murni Putra Nata Jaya belum menerapkan konsep eko-efisiensi secara penuh karena dengan biaya produksi Rp 4.238.930,31 per hari menghasilkan NPO Rp 763.952,91 yang belum terkelola. Rasio NPO terhadap biaya produksi tersebut sebesar 18,02%. Eko-efisiensi perlu diterapkan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas dan efisiensi produksi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, peneliti memberikan saran pada Usaha Kecil Tahu Murni Putra Nata Jaya, industri sejenis, maupun dengan permasalahan yang sama untuk menerapkan konsep eko-efisiensi, memperhatikan pengolahan limbah produksi untuk mendapatkan nilai tambah, dan memperhatikan penggunaan alat kerja yang sesuai untuk keselamatan pekerja sekaligus meningkatkan kualitas produksi.

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23

Tang, Jian, Sampsa Vihonen, and Yu Xu. "Precision measurements and tau neutrino physics in a future accelerator neutrino experiment." Communications in Theoretical Physics 74, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 035201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1572-9494/ac5245.

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Abstract We investigate prospects of building a future accelerator-based neutrino oscillation experiment in China, including site selection, beam optimization and tau neutrino physics aspects. CP violation, non-unitary mixing and non-standard neutrino interactions are discussed. We simulate neutrino beam setups based on muon and beta decay techniques and compare Chinese laboratory sites by their expected sensitivities. A case study on the Super Proton–Proton Collider and the China JinPing Laboratory is also presented. It is shown that the muon-decay-based beam setup can measure the Dirac CP phase by about 14.2° precision at 1σ CL, whereas non-unitarity can be probed down to ∣α ij ∣ ≲ 0.37 (i ≠ j = 1, 2, 3) and non-standard interactions to ∣ ϵ ℓ ℓ ′ m ∣ ≲ 0.11 ( ℓ ≠ ℓ ′ = e , μ, τ) at 90% CL, respectively.

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24

Grifols, J. A., and E. Massó. "Limits on the muon and tau neutrino masses from SN1987A." Physics Letters B 242, no. 1 (May 1990): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(90)91597-5.

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25

KUZMIN, K. S., K. S. LOKHTIN, and S. I. SINEGOVSKY. "CHARGED LEPTON-NUCLEUS INELASTIC SCATTERING AT HIGH ENERGIES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 20, no. 29 (November 20, 2005): 6956–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x05030582.

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The composite model is made to describe inelastic high-energy scattering of muons and taus in standard rock. It involves photonuclear interactions at low Q2 as well as moderate Q2 processes and the deep inelastic scattering (DIS). In the DIS region the neutral current contribution is taken into consideration. Approximation formulas both for the muons and tau energy loss in standard rock are presented for wide energy range.

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26

WELLS, JAMES D. "THE IMPORTANCE OF TAU LEPTONS FOR SUPERSYMMETRY SEARCHES AT THE TEVATRON." Modern Physics Letters A 13, no. 24 (August 10, 1998): 1923–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732398002035.

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Supersymmetry is perhaps most effectively probed at the Tevatron through production and decay of weak gauginos. Most of the analyses of weak gaugino observables require electrons or muons in the final state. However it is possible that the gauginos will decay primarily to τ leptons, thus complicating the search for supersymmetry. The motivating reasons for high τ multiplicity final states are discussed in three approaches to supersymmetry model building: minimal supergravity, minimal gauge mediated supersymmetry, and more minimal supersymmetry. The concept of "e/μ/τ candidate" is introduced, and an observable with three e/μ/τ candidates is defined in analog to the trilepton observable. The maximum mass reach for supersymmetry is then estimated when gaugino decays to τ leptons have full branching fraction.

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Dũng, Nguyễn Chí, Lê Thị Nghinh, Phan Đông Pha, Doãn Đình Lâm, Nguyễn Quang Hưng, and Nguyễn Thị Thanh Hương. "Vùng tai biến trượt lở khu vực Mường Lay." VIETNAM JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES 28, no. 2 (March 8, 2018): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7187/28/2/11659.

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Miloi, Mădălina Mihaela. "The DsTau Experiment: A Study for Tau-Neutrino Production." Particles 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/particles3010013.

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For clarifying the validity of the Lepton Universality hypothesis, one of the fundamental statements of the Standard Model, the interaction cross section for all three flavors of leptons have to be known with high precision. In neutrino sector, for electron and muon neutrinos, the interaction cross section is known fairly well, but for tau neutrino only poor estimations exist. In particular, the most direct measurement by the DONuT experiment was performed with rather poor accuracy due to low statistics and an uncertainty of the tau neutrino flux. The DsTau experiment proposes to study tau-neutrino production process and thus to improve significantly the accuracy of calculations of tau neutrino flux for neutrino accelerator experiments. To study reactions providing most of tau neutrinos, the experiment uses a setup based on high resolution nuclear emulsions, capable to register short lived particle decays created in proton-nucleus interactions. The present report is an overview of the DsTau experiment together with some of the preliminary results from the pilot run.

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Köksal, M., A. A. Billur, A. Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, and M. A. Hernández-Ruíz. "The μ+μ− collider to sensitivity estimates on the magnetic and electric dipole moments of the tau-lepton." International Journal of Modern Physics A 34, no. 15 (May 30, 2019): 1950076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x19500763.

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Using the effective Lagrangian formalism, the anomalous magnetic and electric dipole moments of the tau-lepton in the [Formula: see text] process are investigated with the future muon collider where [Formula: see text], 3 and 6 TeV. In addition, the bounds at the 95% confidence level on the dipole moments of the tau-lepton are estimated using different integrated luminosities. It is shown that the [Formula: see text] process leads to a remarkable improvement in the existing experimental bounds on the anomalous magnetic and electric dipole moments of the tau-lepton [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] at 95% C.L. for [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].

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30

De Serio, M. "Tau neutrino appearance in the CNGS muon neutrino beam: the OPERA experiment." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 169 (July 2007): 321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2007.03.019.

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31

van Holten, Theo. "The Enigma of the Muon and Tau Solved by Emergent Quantum Mechanics?" Applied Sciences 9, no. 7 (April 8, 2019): 1471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9071471.

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This paper addresses the long-standing question of how it may be explained that the three charged leptons (the electron, muon and tau particle) have different masses, despite their conformity in other respects. In the field of Emergent Quantum Mechanics non-singular electron models are being revisited, and from this exploration has come a possible answer. In this paper a deformable droplet model is considered. It is shown how the model can be made self-consistent, whilst obeying the laws of momentum and energy conservation as well as Larmor’s radiation law. The droplet appears to have three different static equilibrium configurations, each with a different mass. Tentatively, these three equilibrium masses were assumed to correspond with the measured masses of the charged leptons. The droplet model was tuned accordingly, and was thereby completely quantified. The dynamics of the droplet then showed a “De Broglie-like” relation p = K / λ . Beat patterns in the vibrations of the droplet play the role of the matter waves of usual quantum mechanics. The value of K , calculated by the droplet theory, practically equals Planck’s constant: K ≅ h . This fact seems to confirm the correctness of identifying the three types of charged leptons with the equilibria of a droplet of charge.

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32

Barger, V., T. J. Weiler, and K. Whisnant. "Inferred 4.4 eV upper limits on the muon- and tau-neutrino masses." Physics Letters B 442, no. 1-4 (December 1998): 255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(98)01227-1.

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33

Fields, Brian D., Kimmo Kainulainen, and Keith A. Olive. "Nucleosynthesis limits on the mass of long lived tau and muon neutrinos." Astroparticle Physics 6, no. 2 (February 1997): 169–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-6505(96)00052-7.

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34

Fargion, Daniele, Pietro Oliva, Pier Giorgio de Sanctis Lucentini, and Maxim Yu Khlopov. "Signals of HE atmospheric μ decay in flight around the Sun’s albedo versus astrophysical νμ and ντ traces in the Moon shadow." International Journal of Modern Physics D 27, no. 06 (April 2018): 1841002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021827181841002x.

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The Sun albedo of Cosmic Rays (CRs) at GeVs energy has been discovered recently by the FERMI satellite. They are traces of atmospheric CRs hitting solar atmosphere and reflecting skimming gamma photons. Even if relevant for astrophysics, as being a trace of atmospheric solar CR noises they cannot offer any signal of neutrino astronomy. On the contrary, the Moon with no atmosphere, may become soon a novel filtering calorimeter and an amplifier of energetic muon astronomical neutrinos (at TeV up to hundred TeVs energy); these lepton tracks leave an imprint in their beta decay while in flight to Earth. Their TeV electron air-shower are among the main signals. Also, a more energetic, but more rare, PeV up to EeV tau lunar neutrino events may be escaping as a tau lepton from the Moon: [Formula: see text] PeV secondaries, then, may be shining on Earth’s atmosphere in lunar shadows in a surprising way. One or a few gamma air-shower events inside the Moon shadows may occur each year in near future Cherenkov telescope array (CTA) or large high altitude air shower observatory (LHAASO) TeV gamma array detector, assuming a nonnegligible astrophysical TeV up to hundred TeV neutrino component (with respect to our terrestrial ruling atmospheric ones); these signals will open a new wonderful passe-partout keyhole for neutrino, been seen along the Moon. The lunar solid angle is small and the muon or tau expected rate is rare, but with the future largest tau radio array as the giant radio array for neutrino detection (GRAND), one might well discover such neutrino imprint.

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35

STEINHAUSER, MATTHIAS. "TOWARDS ANALYTIC (g - 2)μ AT FOUR LOOPS." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 35 (January 2014): 1460417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194514604177.

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In this contribution we present recent four-loop results for the muon anomalous magnetic moment based on analytic methods. In particular, fermionic corrections involving two or more closed electron loops or at least one tau lepton loop are discussed.

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36

Marquard, Peter, Alexander V. Smirnov, Vladimir A. Smirnov, Matthias Steinhauser, and David Wellmann. "(g−2)µ at four loops in QED." EPJ Web of Conferences 218 (2019): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921801004.

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We review the four-loop QED corrections to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. The fermionic contributions with closed electron and tau contributions are discussed. Furthermore, we report on a new independent calculation of the universal four-loop contribution and compare with existing results.

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37

Hayrapetyan, Avetik, S. Kegel, M. Schmidt, A. Yu Barnyakov, V. S. Bobrovnikov, and S. A. Kononov. "Plans for novel Cherenkov detectors at the Super Charm-Tau Factory in Novosibirsk." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2374, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2374/1/012122.

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The future e + e − Super Charm-Tau Factory (SCTF) to be built at Novosibirsk will cover an energy range of 2 – 7 GeV. The projected record luminosity of 1035 cm −2 s −1 and the longitudinal polarization of the electrons will enable a wide range of standard model precision tests and options for the discovery of flavor violating decays beyond the standard model. A 4π detector with excellent particle identification (PID) is required with challenging μ/π-separation in the range 0.2 – 1.2 GeV/c. This talk focuses on two new concepts and the first tests of novel Cherenkov detectors for SCTF, a focusing aerogel RICH (FARICH) and a focusing DIRC (fDIRC). Both require single-photon detection with good coordinate and timing resolution. The prototyping for both versions already started at BINP and Giessen. The tests include various photon detectors (MCP-PMT, SIPM, MPPC). The first results using cosmic muons at the Giessen Cosmic Station are presented.

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MALAESCU, BOGDAN. "HADRONIC τ AND e+e-SPECTRA, CONTRIBUTION TO (g-2)μAND QCD STUDIES." Modern Physics Letters A 28, no. 25 (August 14, 2013): 1360011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732313600110.

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The dominant contribution to the uncertainty of the theoretical prediction of the (g-2) of the muon comes from the leading order hadronic vacuum polarization part. This contribution is evaluated using either tau or e+e-experimental data. The same experimental data are exploited for QCD studies. We present an update of the ALEPH hadronic spectral functions. This update induces only small changes for the hadronic contribution to the (g-2) of the muon and for the QCD fits. We also present updates of the contributions to g-2 for several channels of e+e-into hadrons.

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39

Grimus, Walter, and Luís Lavoura. "Maximal atmospheric neutrino mixing and the small ratio of muon to tau mass." Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 30, no. 2 (January 12, 2004): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/30/2/007.

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40

Czarnecki, Andrzej, and Maciej Skrzypek. "The muon anomalous magnetic moment in QED: three-loop electron and tau contributions." Physics Letters B 449, no. 3-4 (March 1999): 354–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(99)00076-3.

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41

Mintz, S. L., and M. A. Barnett. "The weak production of Λ particles in muon and tau scattering from protons." Nuclear Physics A 741 (September 2004): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.06.004.

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42

Panagiotides, N., and T. S. Kosmas. "A Study of $\tau^-$ and $\mu^-$ in the Field of Nuclei Using Neural Network Techniques." HNPS Advances in Nuclear Physics 12 (August 30, 2021): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.3352.

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The rate of a heavy lepton (muon or tau) capture by nuclei as well as the heavy lepton to electron conversion rate can be calculated when the heavy lepton wavefunction is known. Analytical calculation of the wavefunction of any of these leptons around any nucleus is not feasible owning to their small Bohr radii, on the one hand, and to the finite nuclear extend on the other. A new numerical calculation algorithm is proposed hereby, which makes use of the concept of neural networks. The main advantage of this new technique is that the wave function is produced analytically as a sum of sigmoid functions.

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43

Boussaha, Bouzid, and Tariq Bitam. "Earth-Skimming Ultrahigh Energy Tau Neutrinos Simulated with Monte Carlo Method and CONEX Code." Advances in High Energy Physics 2021 (November 18, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9987060.

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This paper is aimed at studying the feasibility of building an Earth-skimming cosmic tau neutrinos detector, with the aim of eventually identifying the ideal dimensions of a natural site mountain-valley for the detection of very high energy neutrinos tau range from 1 0 16 eV to 1 0 20 eV , as well as possibly locate one such site in Algeria. First, a Monte Carlo simulation of the neutrino-[mountain] matter interaction as well as the resulting decay of the tau lepton is conducted to determine the optimal dimensions of the mountain as well as the location of the tau decay in the valley. Second, a CORSIKA (COsmic Ray Simulation for KAscade) simulation with the CONEX option is conducted to track the evolution of the almost horizontal air shower initiated by the tau lepton. Many particles are produced, which are part of the shower components: electrons, muons, gammas, pions, etc. The study of the spatial distribution of these particles enables the discovery of the optimal width of the valley, and consequently, the distance at which to lay the detection network.

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44

ROBSON, B. A. "A GENERATION MODEL OF THE FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES." International Journal of Modern Physics E 11, no. 06 (December 2002): 555–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301302001125.

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A new classification of the fundamental particles based upon the use of only three additive quantum numbers (charge, particle number, generation quantum number) compared with the nine additive quantum numbers of the Standard Model (charge, lepton number, muon lepton number, tau lepton number, baryon number, strangeness, charm, bottomness, topness) is presented. This classification provides a new basis for the weak isospin symmetry characteristic of both leptons and quarks.

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45

Arroyo-Ureña, M. A., R. Gaitán, J. H. Montes de Oca, and R. Sánchez-Vélez. "Lepton Flavor Violating $h\to\tau\mu$ decay induced by leptoquarks." Revista Mexicana de Física 67, no. 4 Jul-Aug (May 26, 2021): 040801. http://dx.doi.org/10.31349/revmexfis.67.040801.

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The flavor changing neutral current decay $h\to\tau\mu$ is studied in a renormalizable scalar leptoquark model with no proton decay. Analytical expressions for the one-loop level contributions of a scalar leptoquark to the decay width of the process $h\to\tau\mu$ are presented. We find a viable model parameter space via the current constraints on the muon ($g-2$), the decay $\tau\to\mu\gamma$, the LHC Higgs boson data and the direct leptoquark searches at the LHC. Then, we evaluate branching ratio of the decay $h\to\tau\mu$induced by leptoquarks; we find that it is of the order of $10^{-8}-10^{-7}$ ($10^{-8}$; $10^{-9}-10^{-8}$)for a scalar leptoquark mass equal to $m_{\Omega_{5/3}}=1$ TeV ($m_{\Omega_{5/3}}=2$; $m_{\Omega_{5/3}}=10$ TeV). Finally, we evaluate the number of events produced at future hadron colliders from both the $h\to\tau\mu$ decay and the potential Standard Model background finding a potentialevidence for the $h\to\tau\mu$ decay.

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46

Los, Martin. "CLASSIFYING JET CASCADES WITH A MUON USING A NEURAL NETWORK." International Journal of Neural Systems 03, supp01 (January 1992): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065792000681.

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We constructed a feed-forward neural network to tag jets with a prompt muon from bottom quark decay. Using kinematic variables and the reconstructed jet charge as input variables, we studied the response of the network to backgrounds of other cascades having a muon in the final state. Finally, we analysed the behaviour of this classifier on a di-muon sample as part of a [Formula: see text] mixing analysis.

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47

Phạm, Văn Đồng, Thi Ngoc Diep Do, Dang Khoa Mac, Viet Son Nguyen, Van Thinh Nguyen, Tien Thanh Nguyen, and Do Dat Tran. "How to generate Muong speech directly from Vietnamese text: Cross-lingual speech synthesis for close language pair." Journal of Military Science and Technology, no. 81 (August 26, 2022): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.54939/1859-1043.j.mst.81.2022.138-147.

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The paper introduces a method for automatic translation of Vietnamese text into Muong speech in two dialects, Muong Bi - Hoa Binh and Muong Tan Son - Phu Tho, which are all unwritten dialects of the Muong language. Due to the very close relationship between the Vietnamese and Muong languages, the translation system was built to look like a cross-lingual speech synthesis system, in which the input is the text of one language (i.e., the Vietnamese) and the output is the speech of another language (i.e., the two Muong dialects). The system used the modern sequence-to-sequence TTS neural models Tacotron2 and WaveGlow. The evaluation results showed a high quality of translation (with a fluency score of 4.61/5.0 and an adequacy score of 4.79/5.0) and also synthesized speech quality (with naturalness on the MOS scale of 4.68/5.0 and intelligibility of 94.60%). The received results show that the applicability of the proposed system to other minority languages is promising, especially in the case of unwritten languages.

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48

Gourlay, Helen. "Using concept mapping to learn about A level physics students’ understandings of particle physics." EPJ Web of Conferences 182 (2018): 02050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818202050.

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This article describes a small-scale piece of research using concept mapping to elicit A level students’ understandings of particle physics, which was presented in the Special Session on Physics Education and Outreach at ICNFP 2017. Fifty-nine Year 12 (16- and 17-year-old) students from two London schools participated in the research. The exercise took place during school physics lessons. Students were shown how to make a concept map and were provided with topic-specific key words. Their concept maps were analysed by identifying the knowledge propositions the students had represented, and comparing these with propositions developed from the examination specification they were studying. The only correct statement made by most of the students in both schools was that annihilation takes place when matter and antimatter collide, although some students may have been unable to distinguish between annihilation and pair production. A high proportion of students knew of up, down and strange quarks, and that the electron is a lepton. However, some students appeared to have a misconception that everything is made of quarks. Students found it harder to classify tau particles than they did electrons and muons. Where students made incorrect links about muons and tau particles their concept maps suggested that they thought they were mesons or quarks.

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Skalsk�, Vladim�r, and Miroslav S�ken�k. "A hypothetical estimated mass of the muon neutrino and the mass of the tau neutrino." Astrophysics and Space Science 204, no. 1 (June 1993): 161–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00658102.

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50

Abazov, V. M., B. Abbott, B. S. Acharya, M. Adams, T. Adams, G. D. Alexeev, G. Alkhazov, et al. "Search for pair production of the scalar top quark in muon+tau final states." Physics Letters B 710, no. 4-5 (April 2012): 578–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2012.03.028.

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