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Journal articles on the topic 'Tasmanian devil – Behavior'

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Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Simmonds, Michael J., Oguz K. Baskurt, Herbert J. Meiselman, Michael Pyne, Michael Kakanis, Ekua Brenu, James Keane, Rhys Christy, and Sonya M. Marshall-Gradisnik. "Haemorheology of the eastern grey kangaroo and the Tasmanian devil." Australian Journal of Zoology 59, no. 1 (2011): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo10083.

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The blood of two Australian marsupials, the eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) and the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii), has been reported to have greater oxygen-carrying capacity (i.e. haemoglobin content) when compared with that of placental mammals. We investigated whether alterations of blood rheological properties are associated with the increased oxygen-carrying capacity of these marsupials. Eastern grey kangaroos (n = 6) and Tasmanian devils (n = 4) were anaesthetised for blood sampling; human blood (n = 6) was also sampled for comparison. Laboratory measurements included blood and plasma viscosity, red blood cell (RBC) deformability, RBC aggregation and the intrinsic tendency of RBC to aggregate, RBC surface charge and haematological parameters. Scanning electron micrographs of RBC from each species provided morphological information. High-shear blood viscosity at native haematocrit was highest for the Tasmanian devil. When haematocrit was adjusted to 0.4 L L–1, lower-shear blood viscosity was highest for the eastern grey kangaroo. RBC deformability was greatly reduced for the Tasmanian devil. Eastern grey kangaroo blood had the highest RBC aggregation, whereas Tasmanian devil RBC did not aggregate. The surface charge of RBC for marsupials was ~15% lower than that of humans. The dependence of oxygen-delivery effectiveness on haemoglobin concentration (i.e. oxygen content) and blood viscosity was quantitated by calculating the haematocrit to blood viscosity ratio and was 15–25% lower for marsupials compared with humans. Our results suggest that environmental pressures since the marsupial–monotreme divergence have influenced the development of vastly different strategies to maintain a match between oxygen demand and delivery.

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Pye, Ruth, Jocelyn Darby, Andrew S. Flies, Samantha Fox, Scott Carver, Jodie Elmer, Kate Swift, et al. "Post-release immune responses of Tasmanian devils vaccinated with an experimental devil facial tumour disease vaccine." Wildlife Research 48, no. 8 (2021): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr20210.

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Abstract ContextDisease is increasingly becoming a driver of wildlife population declines and an extinction risk. Vaccines are one of the most successful health interventions in human history, but few have been tested for mitigating wildlife disease. The transmissible cancer, devil facial tumour disease (DFTD), triggered the Tasmanian devil’s (Sarcophilus harrisii) inclusion on the international endangered species list. In 2016, 33 devils from a DFTD-free insurance population were given an experimental DFTD vaccination before their wild release on the Tasmanian northern coast. AimTo determine the efficacy of the vaccination protocol and the longevity of the induced responses. MethodSix trapping trips took place over the 2.5 years following release, and both vaccinated and incumbent devils had blood samples and tumour biopsies collected. Key resultsIn all, 8 of the 33 vaccinated devils were re-trapped, and six of those developed DFTD within the monitoring period. Despite the lack of protection provided by the vaccine, we observed signs of immune activation not usually found in unvaccinated devils. First, sera collected from the eight devils showed that anti-DFTD antibodies persisted for up to 2 years post-vaccination. Second, tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes were found in three of four biopsies collected from vaccinated devils, which contrasts with the ‘immune deserts’ typical of DFTs; only 1 of the 20 incumbent devils with DFTD had a tumour biopsy exhibiting immune-cell infiltrate. Third, immunohistochemical analysis of the vaccinated devils’ tumour biopsies identified the functional immune molecules associated with antigen-presenting cells (MHC-II) and T-cells (CD3), and the immune checkpoint molecule PD-1, all being associated with anti-tumour immunity in other species. ConclusionsThese results correlate with our previous study on captive devils in which a prophylactic vaccine primed the devil immune system and, following DFTD challenge and tumour growth, immunotherapy induced complete tumour regressions. The field trial results presented here provide further evidence that the devil immune system can be primed to recognise DFTD cells, but additional immune manipulation could be needed for complete protection or induction of tumour regressions. ImplicationsA protective DFTD vaccine would provide a valuable management approach for conservation of the Tasmanian devil.

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Woods, Gregory M., A. Bruce Lyons, and Silvana S. Bettiol. "A Devil of a Transmissible Cancer." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 5, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed5020050.

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Devil facial tumor disease (DFTD) encompasses two independent transmissible cancers that have killed the majority of Tasmanian devils. The cancer cells are derived from Schwann cells and are spread between devils during biting, a common behavior during the mating season. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines a parasite as “An organism that lives on or in a host organism and gets its food from, or at, the expense of its host.” Most cancers, including DFTD, live within a host organism and derive resources from its host, and consequently have parasitic-like features. Devil facial tumor disease is a transmissible cancer and, therefore, DFTD shares one additional feature common to most parasites. Through direct contact between devils, DFTD has spread throughout the devil population. However, unlike many parasites, the DFTD cancer cells have a simple lifecycle and do not have either independent, vector-borne, or quiescent phases. To facilitate a description of devil facial tumor disease, this review uses life cycles of parasites as an analogy.

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Farquharson, K. A., R. M. Gooley, S. Fox, S. J. Huxtable, K. Belov, D. Pemberton, C. J. Hogg, and C. E. Grueber. "Are any populations 'safe'? Unexpected reproductive decline in a population of Tasmanian devils free of devil facial tumour disease." Wildlife Research 45, no. 1 (2018): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr16234.

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Context Conservation management relies on baseline demographic data of natural populations. For Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii), threatened in the wild by two fatal and transmissible cancers (devil facial tumour disease DFTD: DFT1 and DFT2), understanding the characteristics of healthy populations is crucial for developing adaptive management strategies to bolster populations in the wild. Aims Our analysis aims to evaluate contemporary reproductive rates for wild, DFTD-free Tasmanian devil populations, and to provide a baseline with which to compare the outcome of current translocation activities. Methods We analysed 8 years of field-trapping data, including demographics and reproductive rates, across 2004–16, from the largest known DFTD-free remnant population at Woolnorth, Tasmania. Key results Surprisingly, we found a dramatic and statistically significant decline in female breeding rate when comparing data collected from 2004–2009 with data from 2014–2016. Unfortunately we do not have any data from the intermediate years. This decline in breeding rate was accompanied by a subtle but statistically significant decline in litter sizes. These changes were not associated with a change in body condition over the same period. Furthermore, we could not attribute the decline in breeding to a change in population size or sex ratio. Preliminary analysis suggested a possible association between annual breeding rate and coarse measures of environmental variation (Southern Oscillation Index), but any mechanistic associations are yet to be determined. Conclusions The decline in breeding rates was unexpected, so further monitoring and investigation into potential environmental and/or biological reasons for the decline in breeding rate are recommended before the arrival of DFTD at Woolnorth. Implications Our results provide valuable data to support the conservation management of Tasmanian devils in their native range. They also highlight the importance of continued monitoring of ‘safe’ populations, in the face of significant threats elsewhere.

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Skibins, Jeffrey C., Betty Weiler, Kevin Markwell, and Lian Wilson. "The Devil Made Me Do It: Influence of Values on Interpretation and Behaviors for Tasmanian Devils." Journal of Interpretation Research 24, no. 1 (April 2019): 63–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109258721902400105.

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Zoos are becoming more intentional about embedding messaging in their interpretation to promote pro-conservation behaviors, essentially acting as agents of social change. Values theory suggests that, be effective, interpretation including these pro-conservation messages needs to broadly align with visitors’ values. Using the Schwartz value system, this study modeled the relationships between visitors’ values, perceptions of interpretation, emotional connectivity to Tasmanian Devils, and behavioral intent, including a comparison of different types of on-site and post-visit pro-conservation behaviors. Most visitors held moderate to strong conservation values, which were predictive of positive perceptions of interpretation, emotional connectivity, and pro-conservation behaviors. However, the results suggest that while visitors’ values align with their perceptions of interpretation, they are only weak predictors of behavioral intent. Visitors’ perceptions of interpretation and behavioral intent aligned more strongly with emotional connectivity than with their values. Overall, behavioral intentions were low for all pro-conservation behaviors. Liking a Facebook post about the conservation of Tasmanian Devils was the behavior most likely to be performed.

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6

Fancourt, Bronwyn A., and Robert B. Jackson. "Regional seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in feral and stray cats (Felis catus) from Tasmania." Australian Journal of Zoology 62, no. 4 (2014): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo14015.

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Toxoplasma gondii is a cosmopolitan protozoan parasite of felids that also has significant implications for the health of wildlife, livestock and humans worldwide. In Australia, feral, stray and domestic cats (Felis catus) are the most important definitive host of T. gondii as they are the only species that can excrete the environmentally resistant oocysts that provide a major source of infection for mammals and birds. In Tasmania, the rapid decline of the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) may allow an increase in feral cat abundance, thereby increasing the risk of T. gondii infection to a range of susceptible wildlife species. At present, there is scant information on the prevalence of T. gondii infection in feral cat populations across Tasmania. We tested feral cats from 13 regions across Tasmania for the presence of T. gondii–specific IgG antibodies using a modified agglutination test. Results were combined with serosurveys from three previous studies to enable a comparison of seroprevalence among 14 regions across Tasmania. We found that 84.2% (224 of 266) of cats tested positive for T. gondii IgG antibodies. This is among the highest rates of prevalence recorded from Australia, and significantly higher than for most other countries. Adult cats had higher seroprevalence than kittens but there was no difference between sexes. In Tasmania, seroprevalence was high in 12 of 14 regions (range: 79.3–100.0%), with only two regions (Tasman Island and Southern Tasmania) recording significantly lower seroprevalence (≤50%). This suggests a high risk of infection across Tasmania, and has significant implications for wildlife conservation should feral cat abundance increase with the ongoing declines in Tasmanian devils.

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7

Pemberton, D., and D. Renouf. "A Field-Study of Communication and Social-Behavior of the Tasmanian Devil at Feeding Sites." Australian Journal of Zoology 41, no. 5 (1993): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9930507.

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The Tasmanian devil, Sarcophilus harrisii, the largest extant carnivorous marsupial, is normally solitary, but it congregates when feeding on carcasses. In this study, observations of behaviour during group feeding were used to document the communication and social organisation of these little-known animals. Their communication repertoire involved visual (20 postures), vocal (11 sound forms) and probably chemical signalling via urination and ano-genital drag. While some animals had conspicuous markings, 13% had none, suggesting that markings were not necessary for individual recognition. Agonistic interactions seldom resulted in physical clashes, but a few led to damage to the muzzle and rump, as supported by heavy scarring in these regions. Adult males were the most frequently and seriously scarred, probably related to agonistic encounters from longer feeding bouts and copulatory aggression. Devils gorged themselves, eating approximately 40% of their body mass. There was no apparent hierarchical structure to the sequence in which individuals fed. Feeding duration seemed to be determined by the extent to which an animal feeding on the carcass was sated.

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Rose, R. W., L. Bell, and G. Shaw. "Hormonal control of birth behavior in the Tasmanian devil Sarcophilus harrisii." Hormones and Behavior 50, no. 3 (September 2006): 417–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2006.05.003.

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9

McCallum, Hamish. "Tasmanian devil facial tumour disease: lessons for conservation biology." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 23, no. 11 (November 2008): 631–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2008.07.001.

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Davis, Kelly, and Jennifer A. Clarke. "A Tasmanian devil call encodes identity and decreases agonistic behaviour." Bioacoustics 29, no. 6 (August 1, 2019): 638–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09524622.2019.1643407.

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Patton, Austin H., Mark J. Margres, Amanda R. Stahlke, Sarah Hendricks, Kevin Lewallen, Rodrigo K. Hamede, Manuel Ruiz-Aravena, et al. "Contemporary Demographic Reconstruction Methods Are Robust to Genome Assembly Quality: A Case Study in Tasmanian Devils." Molecular Biology and Evolution 36, no. 12 (August 19, 2019): 2906–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz191.

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Abstract Reconstructing species’ demographic histories is a central focus of molecular ecology and evolution. Recently, an expanding suite of methods leveraging either the sequentially Markovian coalescent (SMC) or the site-frequency spectrum has been developed to reconstruct population size histories from genomic sequence data. However, few studies have investigated the robustness of these methods to genome assemblies of varying quality. In this study, we first present an improved genome assembly for the Tasmanian devil using the Chicago library method. Compared with the original reference genome, our new assembly reduces the number of scaffolds (from 35,975 to 10,010) and increases the scaffold N90 (from 0.101 to 2.164 Mb). Second, we assess the performance of four contemporary genomic methods for inferring population size history (PSMC, MSMC, SMC++, Stairway Plot), using the two devil genome assemblies as well as simulated, artificially fragmented genomes that approximate the hypothesized demographic history of Tasmanian devils. We demonstrate that each method is robust to assembly quality, producing similar estimates of Ne when simulated genomes were fragmented into up to 5,000 scaffolds. Overall, methods reliant on the SMC are most reliable between ∼300 generations before present (gbp) and 100 kgbp, whereas methods exclusively reliant on the site-frequency spectrum are most reliable between the present and 30 gbp. Our results suggest that when used in concert, genomic methods for reconstructing species’ effective population size histories 1) can be applied to nonmodel organisms without highly contiguous reference genomes, and 2) are capable of detecting independently documented effects of historical geological events.

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Day, Jenna, Rebecca M. Gooley, Carolyn J. Hogg, Katherine Belov, Camilla M. Whittington, and Catherine E. Grueber. "MHC-associated mate choice under competitive conditions in captive versus wild Tasmanian devils." Behavioral Ecology 30, no. 5 (June 13, 2019): 1196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arz092.

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AbstractMate choice contributes to driving evolutionary processes when animals choose breeding partners that confer genetic advantages to offspring, such as increased immunocompetence. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is an important group of immunological molecules, as MHC antigens bind and present foreign peptides to T-cells. Recent studies suggest that mates may be selected based on their MHC profile, leading to an association between an individual’s MHC diversity and their breeding success. In conservation, it may be important to consider mate choice in captive breeding programs, as this mechanism may improve reproductive rates. We investigated the reproductive success of Tasmanian devils in a group housing facility to determine whether increased MHC-based heterozygosity led individuals to secure more mating partners and produce more offspring. We also compared the breeding success of captive females to a wild devil population. MHC diversity was quantified using 12 MHC-linked microsatellite markers, including 11 previously characterized markers and one newly identified marker. Our analyses revealed that there was no relationship between MHC-linked heterozygosity and reproductive success either in captivity or the wild. The results of this study suggest that, for Tasmanian devils, MHC-based heterozygosity does not produce greater breeding success and that no specific changes to current captive management strategies are required with respect to preserving MHC diversity.

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Hamilton, David G., Menna E. Jones, Elissa Z. Cameron, Hamish McCallum, Andrew Storfer, Paul A. Hohenlohe, and Rodrigo K. Hamede. "Rate of intersexual interactions affects injury likelihood in Tasmanian devil contact networks." Behavioral Ecology 30, no. 4 (April 25, 2019): 1087–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arz054.

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Abstract Identifying the types of contacts that result in disease transmission is important for accurately modeling and predicting transmission dynamics and disease spread in wild populations. We investigated contacts within a population of adult Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii) over a 6-month period and tested whether individual-level contact patterns were correlated with accumulation of bite wounds. Bite wounds are important in the spread of devil facial tumor disease, a clonal cancer cell line transmitted through direct inoculation of tumor cells when susceptible and infected individuals bite each other. We used multimodel inference and network autocorrelation models to investigate the effects of individual-level contact patterns, identities of interacting partners, and position within the social network on the propensity to be involved in bite-inducing contacts. We found that males were more likely to receive potentially disease-transmitting bite wounds than females, particularly during the mating season when males spend extended periods mate-guarding females. The number of bite wounds individuals received during the mating season was unrelated to any of the network metrics examined. Our approach illustrates the necessity for understanding which contact types spread disease in different systems to assist the management of this and other infectious wildlife diseases.

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Bradshaw, Corey J. A., and Barry W. Brook. "Disease and the devil: density-dependent epidemiological processes explain historical population fluctuations in the Tasmanian devil." Ecography 28, no. 2 (April 2005): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0906-7590.2005.04088.x.

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Bell, Olivia, Menna E. Jones, Calum X. Cunningham, Manuel Ruiz‐Aravena, David G. Hamilton, Sebastien Comte, Rodrigo K. Hamede, Stuart Bearhop, and Robbie A. McDonald. "Isotopic niche variation in Tasmanian devils Sarcophilus harrisii with progression of devil facial tumor disease." Ecology and Evolution 11, no. 12 (June 2021): 8038–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7636.

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Brüniche-Olsen, Anna, Christopher P. Burridge, Jeremy J. Austin, and Menna E. Jones. "Disease induced changes in gene flow patterns among Tasmanian devil populations." Biological Conservation 165 (September 2013): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2013.05.014.

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Nicholson, Evelyn, and Frank Gigliotti. "Increasing the target-specificity of the M-44 ejector by exploiting differences in head morphology between foxes and large dasyurids." Wildlife Research 32, no. 8 (2005): 733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr05015.

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The M-44 ejector (ejector) is a more target-specific means of lethal control of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) than conventional meat baits, which may expose a wide range of non-target species to the bait toxicant. Owing to the threshold pulling force required to activate the ejector, undesired exposure is eliminated in many smaller animals that cannot generate this force. However, the spotted-tailed quoll (Dasyurus maculatus) and the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) remain potential non-target species because of their larger size. In this study, we report on the development of a collar that excludes devils and quolls by exploiting differences in their head morphology relative to that of red foxes. The collar potentially prevents bait removal by larger non-target species, while still allowing all adult foxes access to the bait to trigger the ejector mechanism. Spotted-tailed quolls small enough to access the bait are theoretically too small to trigger the ejector mechanism set at a threshold pulling force of 2.7 kg.

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Kreiss, Alexandre, David L. Obendorf, Susan Hemsley, Paul J. Canfield, and Gregory M. Woods. "A Histological and Immunohistochemical Analysis of Lymphoid Tissues of the Tasmanian Devil." Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology 292, no. 5 (May 2009): spc1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.20913.

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Hubert, Jean-Noël, Tatiana Zerjal, and Frédéric Hospital. "Cancer- and behavior-related genes are targeted by selection in the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii)." PLOS ONE 13, no. 8 (August 13, 2018): e0201838. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201838.

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Silver, Luke W., Carolyn J. Hogg, Belinda R. Wright, and Catherine E. Grueber. "Genomics for conservation: a case study of behavioral genes in the Tasmanian devil." Conservation Genetics 22, no. 3 (March 26, 2021): 499–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-021-01354-1.

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Brüniche-Olsen, Anna, Menna E. Jones, Christopher P. Burridge, Elizabeth P. Murchison, Barbara R. Holland, and Jeremy J. Austin. "Ancient DNA tracks the mainland extinction and island survival of the Tasmanian devil." Journal of Biogeography 45, no. 5 (April 1, 2018): 963–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13214.

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Storfer, Andrew, Brendan Epstein, Menna Jones, Steven Micheletti, Stephen F. Spear, Shelly Lachish, and Samantha Fox. "Landscape genetics of the Tasmanian devil: implications for spread of an infectious cancer." Conservation Genetics 18, no. 6 (May 27, 2017): 1287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-017-0980-4.

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Belov, Katherine, Robert D. Miller, Julie M. Old, and Lauren J. Young. "Marsupial immunology bounding ahead." Australian Journal of Zoology 61, no. 1 (2013): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo12111.

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Marsupial immune responses were previously touted as ‘primitive’ but we now know that the marsupial immune system is complex and on par with that of eutherian mammals. In this manuscript we review the field of marsupial immunology, focusing on basic anatomy, developmental immunology, immunogenetics and evolution. We concentrate on advances to our understanding of marsupial immune gene architecture, made possible by the recent sequencing of the opossum, tammar wallaby and Tasmanian devil genomes. Characterisation of immune gene sequences now paves the way for the development of immunological assays that will allow us to more accurately study health and disease in marsupials.

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Bode, Michael, Clare Hawkins, Tracy Rout, and Brendan Wintle. "Efficiently locating conservation boundaries: Searching for the Tasmanian devil facial tumour disease front." Biological Conservation 142, no. 7 (July 2009): 1333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2009.01.029.

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HOLLINGS, TRACEY, MENNA JONES, NICK MOONEY, and HAMISH MCCALLUM. "Trophic Cascades Following the Disease-Induced Decline of an Apex Predator, the Tasmanian Devil." Conservation Biology 28, no. 1 (September 11, 2013): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12152.

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Shah, SKH, SC Nicol, and R. Swain. "Functional-Morphology of the Cranial Vasculature and the Nasal Passage in the Tasmanian Devil, Sarcophilus-Harrisii (Marsupialia, Dasyuridae) - a Marsupial Carotid Rete." Australian Journal of Zoology 34, no. 2 (1986): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9860125.

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An anatomical examination of the cranial vascular system of the Tasmanian devil, Sarcophilus harrisii (Boitard), using angiography, polyester resin casts, and dissections, demonstrated the presence of two bilateral retia analogous to the carotid retia of panting eutherians. Such structures have not previously been demonstrated in any marsupial. The pattern of the Circle of Willis differed from that reported for any eutherian. A possible role of the retia in cooling the cranial blood supply during thermal panting would be aided by the complex turbinate bone structure, which provides a large surface area for the nasal mucosa. The mucosa was observed to be highly vascularized, and a lateral nasal gland was found on the nasal septum.

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Werdelin, L. "Comparison of Skull Shape in Marsupial and Placental Carnivores." Australian Journal of Zoology 34, no. 2 (1986): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9860109.

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A set of 11 measurements on 40 species of placental (Order Carnivora) and marsupial (Order Dasyurida) carnivores is analysed by means of correspondence analysis. Dasyurida have long mandibles and tooth rows, large muscle attachment areas on the mandible, long moment arms of the temporalis and masseter, and a low occiput and short temporal fossa. Skull shape is uniform in Dasyurida, with about the same variability as in a family of Carnivora. The temporalis of Dasyurida is relatively small, but this may be compensated for by the more rounded shape and longer moment arm. The Tasmanian tiger, Thylacinus cynocephalus, is more similar in skull shape to the red fox, Vulpes vulpes, than to the placental wolf, Canis lupus. The M5 of Dasyurida occupies the same geometric position as the MI in Carnivora, providing a possible explanation for the greater variability in cheek teeth in Carnivora. The Tasmanian devil, Sarcophilus harrisii, is similar to the Hyaenidae in having a shorter distance between the ultimate sectorial molar and the condyle. It is suggested that this is an adaptation to cracking open bones, as this mandible geometry brings the main bone-cracking teeth closer to the region of greatest muscle force.

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Hobday, Alistair J. "Nighttime driver detection distances for Tasmanian fauna: informing speed limits to reduce roadkill." Wildlife Research 37, no. 4 (2010): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr09180.

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Context. Roadkill is a wildlife management issue in areas where high traffic volume passes through relatively intact natural habitat. High density of roadkill in Tasmania is observed in concentrated ‘hotspots’, and local mitigation of vehicle speed may thus be an appropriate management response. Although warning signage is often advocated, this may not effectively reduce roadkill if the suggested speed does not provide sufficient time for the animal to be detected and for the vehicle to be stopped. Aims. The detection distance at night for common roadkill species and corresponding driving speeds to avoid collision were determined. The importance of animal size and fur colour in determining detection distance was also evaluated. Methods. Mounts of nine nocturnal Tasmanian mammal species were used to determine nighttime driver detection distances based on individual driver trials. These were converted to appropriate stopping speeds by accounting for reaction time and braking distance. Photographs and digital image analysis were used to evaluate fur brightness. Key results. A total of 339 individual detection distances for the 9 species were recorded for 18 drivers. Detection distance differed between the species tested at both high- and low-beam headlight settings. The endangered Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) had the shortest mean detection distance when headlights were on high beam (60.8 m), and the second shortest on low beam (33.9 m), which corresponded to a driving speed which would permit a safe stop of 54 km h–1 and 38 km h–1, respectively. The greatest detection distance was for the introduced hare (Lepus europaeus): 116 m (83 km h–1) and 50.4 m (48 km h–1), respectively. Conclusions. Nighttime driving speeds slower than 80 km h–1 may be effective in reducing roadkill in wildlife hotspots. Detection distance was significantly related to fur brightness, as determined by image analysis, and not animal size. Implications. The variation in detection distance allows species-specific nighttime driving speeds to be considered by individual drivers and by road and wildlife managers planning mitigation efforts for vulnerable species.

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LACHISH, SHELLY, MENNA JONES, and HAMISH MCCALLUM. "The impact of disease on the survival and population growth rate of the Tasmanian devil." Journal of Animal Ecology 76, no. 5 (September 2007): 926–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01272.x.

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JONES, MENNA E. "The function of vigilance in sympatric marsupial carnivores: the eastern quoll and the Tasmanian devil." Animal Behaviour 56, no. 5 (November 1998): 1279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1998.0893.

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Cunningham, Calum X., Sebastien Comte, Hamish McCallum, David G. Hamilton, Rodrigo Hamede, Andrew Storfer, Tracey Hollings, et al. "Quantifying 25 years of disease‐caused declines in Tasmanian devil populations: host density drives spatial pathogen spread." Ecology Letters 24, no. 5 (February 27, 2021): 958–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.13703.

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Raven, Nynke, Marcel Klaassen, Thomas Madsen, Frédéric Thomas, Rodrigo K. Hamede, and Beata Ujvari. "Transmissible cancer influences immune gene expression in an endangered marsupial, the Tasmanian devil ( Sarcophilus harrisii )." Molecular Ecology 31, no. 8 (March 15, 2022): 2293–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.16408.

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Brown, Oliver. "Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) extinction on the Australian mainland in the mid-Holocene: multicausality and ENSO intensification." Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 31 (2006): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115510608619574.

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BROWN, OLIVER J. F. "Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) extinction on the Australian mainland in the mid-Holocene: multicausality and ENSO intensification." Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 30, sup1 (January 2006): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115510609506855.

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Howson, Lauren J., Katrina M. Morris, Takumi Kobayashi, Cesar Tovar, Alexandre Kreiss, Anthony T. Papenfuss, Lynn Corcoran, Katherine Belov, and Gregory M. Woods. "Identification of dendritic cells, B cell and T cell subsets in Tasmanian devil lymphoid tissue; evidence for poor immune cell infiltration into devil facial tumors." Anatomical Record 297, no. 5 (March 24, 2014): 925–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.22904.

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Bell, Olivia, Menna E. Jones, Manuel Ruiz‐Aravena, Rodrigo K. Hamede, Stuart Bearhop, and Robbie A. McDonald. "Age‐related variation in the trophic characteristics of a marsupial carnivore, the Tasmanian devil Sarcophilus harrisii." Ecology and Evolution 10, no. 14 (July 2020): 7861–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6513.

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Belkhir, Sophia, Rodrigo Hamede, Frédéric Thomas, Beata Ujvari, and Antoine M. Dujon. "Season, weight, and age, but not transmissible cancer, affect tick loads in the endangered Tasmanian devil." Infection, Genetics and Evolution 98 (March 2022): 105221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105221.

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Morris, Katrina M., Belinda Wright, Catherine E. Grueber, Carolyn Hogg, and Katherine Belov. "Lack of genetic diversity across diverse immune genes in an endangered mammal, the Tasmanian devil ( S arcophilus harrisii )." Molecular Ecology 24, no. 15 (July 17, 2015): 3860–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.13291.

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39

Cunningham, Calum X., Christopher N. Johnson, Tracey Hollings, Kaely Kreger, and Menna E. Jones. "Trophic rewilding establishes a landscape of fear: Tasmanian devil introduction increases risk‐sensitive foraging in a key prey species." Ecography 42, no. 12 (September 19, 2019): 2053–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecog.04635.

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Robson, SK, and WG Young. "A Comparison of Tooth Microwear Between an Extinct Marsupial Predator, the Tasmanian Tiger Thylacinus-Cynocephalus (Thylacinidae) and an Extant Scavenger, the Tasmanian Devil Sarcophilus-Harrisii (Dasyuridae, Marsupialia)." Australian Journal of Zoology 37, no. 5 (1989): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9890575.

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Tooth microwear patterns in the predator Thylacinus cynocephalus and the scavenger Sarcophilus harrisii were examined as potentical indicators of dietary differences and occlusal mechanics. Homologous proximal facets on the metacrista of the maxillary right 3rd molar of each species were examined as gold coated replicas under the SEM. The density, dimensions and relative abundances of microwear features were recorded. Significant intrafacet microwear variation exists relative to the direction of the occlusal stroke in Thylacinus. Striation and pit frequency are inversely correlated down the facet, with striations being more frequent at the leading edge; pits are larger and more frequent at the trailing edge. This pattern supports proposed models of the carnassial chewing stroke, where it is predicted that the shearing component, that produces striations, is greater at the leading edge of the facet, while the compression component of the occlusal stroke, which results in relatively more pits, is greater at the trailing edge of the facet. Significant intraspecific and interspecific variation is found in microwear feature dimensions, and densities. Pit diameters and densities are significantly greater in Thylacinus, although only approximately 11% of the total variance in these features was attributable to species differences. The remaining variance was distributed equally between individuals of the same species, and the leading and trailing regions of the facet. The high degree of intraspecific variability indicates that in carnivorous species at least, a sufficient number of individuals must be examined before accurate dietary interpretations and comparisons with other species can be made.

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Fraik, Alexandra K., Mark J. Margres, Brendan Epstein, Soraia Barbosa, Menna Jones, Sarah Hendricks, Barbara Schönfeld, et al. "Disease swamps molecular signatures of genetic‐environmental associations to abiotic factors in Tasmanian devil ( Sarcophilus harrisii ) populations." Evolution 74, no. 7 (June 3, 2020): 1392–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/evo.14023.

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Eisenberg, John F., L. R. Collins, and C. Wemmer. "Communication in the Tasmanian Devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) and a Survey of Auditory Communication in the Marsupialia." Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 37, no. 4 (April 26, 2010): 379–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1975.tb00887.x.

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Rogers, Tracey, Samantha Fox, David Pemberton, and Phil Wise. "Sympathy for the devil: captive-management style did not influence survival, body-mass change or diet of Tasmanian devils 1 year after wild release." Wildlife Research 43, no. 7 (2016): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr15221.

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Context The value of captive breeding for recovery programs of endangered carnivorous mammals is often questioned because of low post-release survival reported for founder animals following translocation. Aims The aim of the present study was to test the effect of rearing method on survival and body mass of captive-raised Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii) following release on an offshore island. We also compared the post-release diet of these devils with the diet of wild devils on mainland Tasmania, where a similar array of diet items is available. Methods Twenty-eight captive-raised devils were released onto the island; 19 had been raised in intensive captive-management facilities (IC) and nine in free-range (22 ha) enclosures (FRE). Survival and body-mass change were compared between IC and FRE for up to 440 days post-release. Devil diet was assessed via scat analysis. Key results A high proportion (96%) of the founders survived 1 year post-release. Pre-release captive-rearing method had no effect. Released devils gained an average of 14% of their original body mass, irrespective of captive-rearing method. There was very little difference in the diet of captive-reared devils released onto Maria Island relative to wild mainland devils: Tasmanian pademelon, Thylogale billardierii, was the primary food item for both. Conclusions The intensity of captive rearing did not affect the survival of devils released onto Maria Island. This suggests that even devils held in IC facilities retain the innate behaviour required to scavenge and hunt prey, and therefore maintain bodyweight post-release. The lack of any threatening processes on the island is also likely to have contributed to the high survival rate 2 years post-release. Implications Our study provided preliminary evidence that the release of captive-raised Tasmanian devils onto off-shore islands is a viable conservation action. Captive-breeding programs and captive-raised founders can play a viable and valuable role in the conservation action plans for recovery programs of endangered carnivorous mammals.

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Shah, S. K. H., and S. C. Nicol. "Cephalic Vasculature and Distribution of Blood Flow Through the Cranial Arterial Circle of the Tasmanian Devil, Sarcophilus harrisii." Journal of Mammalogy 70, no. 1 (February 21, 1989): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1381675.

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Grueber, C. E., S. Fox, K. Belov, D. Pemberton, and C. J. Hogg. "Landscape-level field data reveal broad-scale effects of a fatal, transmissible cancer on population ecology of the Tasmanian devil." Mammalian Biology 91 (July 2018): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2018.03.011.

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Hollings, Tracey, Hamish McCallum, Kaely Kreger, Nick Mooney, and Menna Jones. "Relaxation of risk-sensitive behaviour of prey following disease-induced decline of an apex predator, the Tasmanian devil." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1810 (July 7, 2015): 20150124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.0124.

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Apex predators structure ecosystems through lethal and non-lethal interactions with prey, and their global decline is causing loss of ecological function. Behavioural changes of prey are some of the most rapid responses to predator decline and may act as an early indicator of cascading effects. The Tasmanian devil ( Sarcophilus harrisii ), an apex predator, is undergoing progressive and extensive population decline, of more than 90% in long-diseased areas, caused by a novel disease. Time since local disease outbreak correlates with devil population declines and thus predation risk. We used hair traps and giving-up densities (GUDs) in food patches to test whether a major prey species of devils, the arboreal common brushtail possum ( Trichosurus vulpecula ), is responsive to the changing risk of predation when they forage on the ground. Possums spend more time on the ground, discover food patches faster and forage more to a lower GUD with increasing years since disease outbreak and greater devil population decline. Loss of top–down effects of devils with respect to predation risk was evident at 90% devil population decline, with possum behaviour indistinguishable from a devil-free island. Alternative predators may help to maintain risk-sensitive anti-predator behaviours in possums while devil populations remain low.

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Deakin, Janine E., Hannah S. Bender, Anne-Maree Pearse, Willem Rens, Patricia C. M. O'Brien, Malcolm A. Ferguson-Smith, Yuanyuan Cheng, et al. "Genomic Restructuring in the Tasmanian Devil Facial Tumour: Chromosome Painting and Gene Mapping Provide Clues to Evolution of a Transmissible Tumour." PLoS Genetics 8, no. 2 (February 16, 2012): e1002483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1002483.

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BEETON, N. J., and L. K. FORBES. "DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS ANALYSIS OF A MODEL DESCRIBING TASMANIAN DEVIL FACIAL TUMOUR DISEASE." ANZIAM Journal 54, no. 1-2 (October 2012): 89–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446181113000011.

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AbstractA susceptible–exposed–infectious theoretical model describing Tasmanian devil population and disease dynamics is presented and mathematically analysed using a dynamical systems approach to determine its behaviour under a range of scenarios. The steady states of the system are calculated and their stability analysed. Closed forms for the bifurcation points between these steady states are found using the rate of removal of infected individuals as a bifurcation parameter. A small-amplitude Hopf region, in which the populations oscillate in time, is shown to be present and subjected to numerical analysis. The model is then studied in detail in relation to an unfolding parameter which describes the disease latent period. The model’s behaviour is found to be biologically reasonable for Tasmanian devils and potentially applicable to other species.

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Hamilton, David G., Menna E. Jones, Elissa Z. Cameron, Douglas H. Kerlin, Hamish McCallum, Andrew Storfer, Paul A. Hohenlohe, and Rodrigo K. Hamede. "Infectious disease and sickness behaviour: tumour progression affects interaction patterns and social network structure in wild Tasmanian devils." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1940 (December 9, 2020): 20202454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.2454.

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Infectious diseases, including transmissible cancers, can have a broad range of impacts on host behaviour, particularly in the latter stages of disease progression. However, the difficulty of early diagnoses makes the study of behavioural influences of disease in wild animals a challenging task. Tasmanian devils ( Sarcophilus harrisii ) are affected by a transmissible cancer, devil facial tumour disease (DFTD), in which tumours are externally visible as they progress. Using telemetry and mark–recapture datasets, we quantify the impacts of cancer progression on the behaviour of wild devils by assessing how interaction patterns within the social network of a population change with increasing tumour load. The progression of DFTD negatively influences devils' likelihood of interaction within their network. Infected devils were more active within their network late in the mating season, a pattern with repercussions for DFTD transmission. Our study provides a rare opportunity to quantify and understand the behavioural feedbacks of disease in wildlife and how they may affect transmission and population dynamics in general.

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Ewer, R. F. "Some Observations on the Killing and Eating of Prey by two dasyurid Marsupials: The Mulgara, Dasycercus cristicauda, and the Tasmanian Devil, Sarcophilus harrisi." Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 26, no. 1 (April 26, 2010): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1969.tb01935.x.

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