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Academic literature on the topic 'Tasmanian devil – Behavior'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Tasmanian devil – Behavior"

1

Simmonds, Michael J., Oguz K. Baskurt, Herbert J. Meiselman, Michael Pyne, Michael Kakanis, Ekua Brenu, James Keane, Rhys Christy, and Sonya M. Marshall-Gradisnik. "Haemorheology of the eastern grey kangaroo and the Tasmanian devil." Australian Journal of Zoology 59, no. 1 (2011): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo10083.

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The blood of two Australian marsupials, the eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) and the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii), has been reported to have greater oxygen-carrying capacity (i.e. haemoglobin content) when compared with that of placental mammals. We investigated whether alterations of blood rheological properties are associated with the increased oxygen-carrying capacity of these marsupials. Eastern grey kangaroos (n = 6) and Tasmanian devils (n = 4) were anaesthetised for blood sampling; human blood (n = 6) was also sampled for comparison. Laboratory measurements included blood and plasma viscosity, red blood cell (RBC) deformability, RBC aggregation and the intrinsic tendency of RBC to aggregate, RBC surface charge and haematological parameters. Scanning electron micrographs of RBC from each species provided morphological information. High-shear blood viscosity at native haematocrit was highest for the Tasmanian devil. When haematocrit was adjusted to 0.4 L L–1, lower-shear blood viscosity was highest for the eastern grey kangaroo. RBC deformability was greatly reduced for the Tasmanian devil. Eastern grey kangaroo blood had the highest RBC aggregation, whereas Tasmanian devil RBC did not aggregate. The surface charge of RBC for marsupials was ~15% lower than that of humans. The dependence of oxygen-delivery effectiveness on haemoglobin concentration (i.e. oxygen content) and blood viscosity was quantitated by calculating the haematocrit to blood viscosity ratio and was 15–25% lower for marsupials compared with humans. Our results suggest that environmental pressures since the marsupial–monotreme divergence have influenced the development of vastly different strategies to maintain a match between oxygen demand and delivery.
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2

Pye, Ruth, Jocelyn Darby, Andrew S. Flies, Samantha Fox, Scott Carver, Jodie Elmer, Kate Swift, et al. "Post-release immune responses of Tasmanian devils vaccinated with an experimental devil facial tumour disease vaccine." Wildlife Research 48, no. 8 (2021): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr20210.

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Abstract ContextDisease is increasingly becoming a driver of wildlife population declines and an extinction risk. Vaccines are one of the most successful health interventions in human history, but few have been tested for mitigating wildlife disease. The transmissible cancer, devil facial tumour disease (DFTD), triggered the Tasmanian devil’s (Sarcophilus harrisii) inclusion on the international endangered species list. In 2016, 33 devils from a DFTD-free insurance population were given an experimental DFTD vaccination before their wild release on the Tasmanian northern coast. AimTo determine the efficacy of the vaccination protocol and the longevity of the induced responses. MethodSix trapping trips took place over the 2.5 years following release, and both vaccinated and incumbent devils had blood samples and tumour biopsies collected. Key resultsIn all, 8 of the 33 vaccinated devils were re-trapped, and six of those developed DFTD within the monitoring period. Despite the lack of protection provided by the vaccine, we observed signs of immune activation not usually found in unvaccinated devils. First, sera collected from the eight devils showed that anti-DFTD antibodies persisted for up to 2 years post-vaccination. Second, tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes were found in three of four biopsies collected from vaccinated devils, which contrasts with the ‘immune deserts’ typical of DFTs; only 1 of the 20 incumbent devils with DFTD had a tumour biopsy exhibiting immune-cell infiltrate. Third, immunohistochemical analysis of the vaccinated devils’ tumour biopsies identified the functional immune molecules associated with antigen-presenting cells (MHC-II) and T-cells (CD3), and the immune checkpoint molecule PD-1, all being associated with anti-tumour immunity in other species. ConclusionsThese results correlate with our previous study on captive devils in which a prophylactic vaccine primed the devil immune system and, following DFTD challenge and tumour growth, immunotherapy induced complete tumour regressions. The field trial results presented here provide further evidence that the devil immune system can be primed to recognise DFTD cells, but additional immune manipulation could be needed for complete protection or induction of tumour regressions. ImplicationsA protective DFTD vaccine would provide a valuable management approach for conservation of the Tasmanian devil.
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Woods, Gregory M., A. Bruce Lyons, and Silvana S. Bettiol. "A Devil of a Transmissible Cancer." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 5, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed5020050.

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Devil facial tumor disease (DFTD) encompasses two independent transmissible cancers that have killed the majority of Tasmanian devils. The cancer cells are derived from Schwann cells and are spread between devils during biting, a common behavior during the mating season. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines a parasite as “An organism that lives on or in a host organism and gets its food from, or at, the expense of its host.” Most cancers, including DFTD, live within a host organism and derive resources from its host, and consequently have parasitic-like features. Devil facial tumor disease is a transmissible cancer and, therefore, DFTD shares one additional feature common to most parasites. Through direct contact between devils, DFTD has spread throughout the devil population. However, unlike many parasites, the DFTD cancer cells have a simple lifecycle and do not have either independent, vector-borne, or quiescent phases. To facilitate a description of devil facial tumor disease, this review uses life cycles of parasites as an analogy.
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4

Farquharson, K. A., R. M. Gooley, S. Fox, S. J. Huxtable, K. Belov, D. Pemberton, C. J. Hogg, and C. E. Grueber. "Are any populations 'safe'? Unexpected reproductive decline in a population of Tasmanian devils free of devil facial tumour disease." Wildlife Research 45, no. 1 (2018): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr16234.

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Context Conservation management relies on baseline demographic data of natural populations. For Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii), threatened in the wild by two fatal and transmissible cancers (devil facial tumour disease DFTD: DFT1 and DFT2), understanding the characteristics of healthy populations is crucial for developing adaptive management strategies to bolster populations in the wild. Aims Our analysis aims to evaluate contemporary reproductive rates for wild, DFTD-free Tasmanian devil populations, and to provide a baseline with which to compare the outcome of current translocation activities. Methods We analysed 8 years of field-trapping data, including demographics and reproductive rates, across 2004–16, from the largest known DFTD-free remnant population at Woolnorth, Tasmania. Key results Surprisingly, we found a dramatic and statistically significant decline in female breeding rate when comparing data collected from 2004–2009 with data from 2014–2016. Unfortunately we do not have any data from the intermediate years. This decline in breeding rate was accompanied by a subtle but statistically significant decline in litter sizes. These changes were not associated with a change in body condition over the same period. Furthermore, we could not attribute the decline in breeding to a change in population size or sex ratio. Preliminary analysis suggested a possible association between annual breeding rate and coarse measures of environmental variation (Southern Oscillation Index), but any mechanistic associations are yet to be determined. Conclusions The decline in breeding rates was unexpected, so further monitoring and investigation into potential environmental and/or biological reasons for the decline in breeding rate are recommended before the arrival of DFTD at Woolnorth. Implications Our results provide valuable data to support the conservation management of Tasmanian devils in their native range. They also highlight the importance of continued monitoring of ‘safe’ populations, in the face of significant threats elsewhere.
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Skibins, Jeffrey C., Betty Weiler, Kevin Markwell, and Lian Wilson. "The Devil Made Me Do It: Influence of Values on Interpretation and Behaviors for Tasmanian Devils." Journal of Interpretation Research 24, no. 1 (April 2019): 63–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109258721902400105.

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Zoos are becoming more intentional about embedding messaging in their interpretation to promote pro-conservation behaviors, essentially acting as agents of social change. Values theory suggests that, be effective, interpretation including these pro-conservation messages needs to broadly align with visitors’ values. Using the Schwartz value system, this study modeled the relationships between visitors’ values, perceptions of interpretation, emotional connectivity to Tasmanian Devils, and behavioral intent, including a comparison of different types of on-site and post-visit pro-conservation behaviors. Most visitors held moderate to strong conservation values, which were predictive of positive perceptions of interpretation, emotional connectivity, and pro-conservation behaviors. However, the results suggest that while visitors’ values align with their perceptions of interpretation, they are only weak predictors of behavioral intent. Visitors’ perceptions of interpretation and behavioral intent aligned more strongly with emotional connectivity than with their values. Overall, behavioral intentions were low for all pro-conservation behaviors. Liking a Facebook post about the conservation of Tasmanian Devils was the behavior most likely to be performed.
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6

Fancourt, Bronwyn A., and Robert B. Jackson. "Regional seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in feral and stray cats (Felis catus) from Tasmania." Australian Journal of Zoology 62, no. 4 (2014): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo14015.

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Toxoplasma gondii is a cosmopolitan protozoan parasite of felids that also has significant implications for the health of wildlife, livestock and humans worldwide. In Australia, feral, stray and domestic cats (Felis catus) are the most important definitive host of T. gondii as they are the only species that can excrete the environmentally resistant oocysts that provide a major source of infection for mammals and birds. In Tasmania, the rapid decline of the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) may allow an increase in feral cat abundance, thereby increasing the risk of T. gondii infection to a range of susceptible wildlife species. At present, there is scant information on the prevalence of T. gondii infection in feral cat populations across Tasmania. We tested feral cats from 13 regions across Tasmania for the presence of T. gondii–specific IgG antibodies using a modified agglutination test. Results were combined with serosurveys from three previous studies to enable a comparison of seroprevalence among 14 regions across Tasmania. We found that 84.2% (224 of 266) of cats tested positive for T. gondii IgG antibodies. This is among the highest rates of prevalence recorded from Australia, and significantly higher than for most other countries. Adult cats had higher seroprevalence than kittens but there was no difference between sexes. In Tasmania, seroprevalence was high in 12 of 14 regions (range: 79.3–100.0%), with only two regions (Tasman Island and Southern Tasmania) recording significantly lower seroprevalence (≤50%). This suggests a high risk of infection across Tasmania, and has significant implications for wildlife conservation should feral cat abundance increase with the ongoing declines in Tasmanian devils.
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7

Pemberton, D., and D. Renouf. "A Field-Study of Communication and Social-Behavior of the Tasmanian Devil at Feeding Sites." Australian Journal of Zoology 41, no. 5 (1993): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9930507.

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The Tasmanian devil, Sarcophilus harrisii, the largest extant carnivorous marsupial, is normally solitary, but it congregates when feeding on carcasses. In this study, observations of behaviour during group feeding were used to document the communication and social organisation of these little-known animals. Their communication repertoire involved visual (20 postures), vocal (11 sound forms) and probably chemical signalling via urination and ano-genital drag. While some animals had conspicuous markings, 13% had none, suggesting that markings were not necessary for individual recognition. Agonistic interactions seldom resulted in physical clashes, but a few led to damage to the muzzle and rump, as supported by heavy scarring in these regions. Adult males were the most frequently and seriously scarred, probably related to agonistic encounters from longer feeding bouts and copulatory aggression. Devils gorged themselves, eating approximately 40% of their body mass. There was no apparent hierarchical structure to the sequence in which individuals fed. Feeding duration seemed to be determined by the extent to which an animal feeding on the carcass was sated.
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8

Rose, R. W., L. Bell, and G. Shaw. "Hormonal control of birth behavior in the Tasmanian devil Sarcophilus harrisii." Hormones and Behavior 50, no. 3 (September 2006): 417–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2006.05.003.

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9

McCallum, Hamish. "Tasmanian devil facial tumour disease: lessons for conservation biology." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 23, no. 11 (November 2008): 631–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2008.07.001.

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10

Davis, Kelly, and Jennifer A. Clarke. "A Tasmanian devil call encodes identity and decreases agonistic behaviour." Bioacoustics 29, no. 6 (August 1, 2019): 638–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09524622.2019.1643407.

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Books on the topic "Tasmanian devil – Behavior"

1

Roza, Greg. Tasmanian Devil vs. Hyena. Stevens Publishing LLLP, Gareth, 2015.

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Roza, Greg. Tasmanian Devil vs. Hyena. Stevens Publishing LLLP, Gareth, 2015.

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Roza, Greg. Tasmanian Devil vs. Hyena. Gareth Stevens Publishing, 2015.

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