Academic literature on the topic 'Tasmania Colonization'
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Journal articles on the topic "Tasmania Colonization"
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Foulkes, Judy A., Lynda D. Prior, Steven W. J. Leonard, and David M. J. S. Bowman. "Demographic Effects of Severe Fire in Montane Shrubland on Tasmania’s Central Plateau." Fire 4, no. 3 (June 24, 2021): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire4030032.
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Australian montane sclerophyll shrubland vegetation is widely considered to be resilient to infrequent severe fire, but this may not be the case in Tasmania. Here, we report on the vegetative and seedling regeneration response of a Tasmanian non-coniferous woody montane shrubland following a severe fire, which burned much of the Great Pine Tier in the Central Plateau Conservation Area during the 2018–2019 fire season when a historically anomalously large area was burned in central Tasmania. Our field survey of a representative area burned by severe crown fire revealed that more than 99% of the shrubland plants were top-killed, with only 5% of the burnt plants resprouting one year following the fire. Such a low resprouting rate means the resilience of the shrubland depends on seedling regeneration from aerial and soil seedbanks or colonization from plants outside the burned area. Woody species’ seedling densities were variable but generally low (25 m−2). The low number of resprouters, and reliance on seedlings for recovery, suggest the shrubland may not be as resilient to fire as mainland Australian montane shrubland, particularly given a warming climate and likely increase in fire frequency.
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Lelwala, Ruvini V., Jason B. Scott, Peter K. Ades, and Paul W. J. Taylor. "Population Structure of Colletotrichum tanaceti in Australian Pyrethrum Reveals High Evolutionary Potential." Phytopathology® 109, no. 10 (October 2019): 1779–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-03-19-0091-r.
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Colletotrichum tanaceti, the causal agent of anthracnose, is an emerging pathogen of commercially grown pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) in Australia. A microsatellite marker library was developed to understand the spatio-genetic structure over three sampled years and across two regions where pyrethrum is cultivated in Australia. Results indicated that C. tanaceti was highly diverse with a mixed reproductive mode; comprising both sexual and clonal reproduction. Sexual reproduction of C. tanaceti was more prevalent in Tasmania than in Victoria. Little differentiation was observed among field populations likely due to isolation by colonization but most of the genetic variation was occurring within populations. C. tanaceti was likely to have had a long-distance gene and genotype flow among distant populations within a state and between states. Anthropogenic transmission of propagules and wind dispersal of ascospores are the most probable mechanisms of long-distance dispersal of C. tanaceti. Evaluation of putative population histories suggested that C. tanaceti most likely originated in Tasmania and expanded from an unidentified host onto pyrethrum. Victoria was later invaded by the Tasmanian population. With the mixed mode of reproduction and possible long-distance gene flow, C. tanaceti is likely to have a high evolutionary potential and thereby has ability to adapt to management practices in the future.
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COSGROVE, R. "Thirty Thousand Years of Human Colonization in Tasmania: New Pleistocene Dates." Science 243, no. 4899 (March 31, 1989): 1706–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.243.4899.1706.
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Burridge, C. P., W. E. Brown, J. Wadley, D. L. Nankervis, L. Olivier, M. G. Gardner, C. Hull, R. Barbour, and J. J. Austin. "Did postglacial sea-level changes initiate the evolutionary divergence of a Tasmanian endemic raptor from its mainland relative?" Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1773 (December 22, 2013): 20132448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.2448.
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Populations on continental islands are often distinguishable from mainland conspecifics with respect to body size, appearance, behaviour or life history, and this is often congruent with genetic patterns. It is commonly assumed that such differences developed following the complete isolation of populations by sea-level rise following the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). However, population divergence may predate the LGM, or marine dispersal and colonization of islands may have occurred more recently; in both cases, populations may have also diverged despite ongoing gene flow. Here, we test these alternative hypotheses for the divergence between wedge-tailed eagles from mainland Australia ( Aquila audax audax ) and the threatened Tasmanian subspecies ( Aquila audax fleayi ), based on variation at 20 microsatellite loci and mtDNA. Coalescent analyses indicate that population divergence appreciably postdates the severance of terrestrial habitat continuity and occurred without any subsequent gene flow. We infer a recent colonization of Tasmania by marine dispersal and cannot discount founder effects as the cause of differences in body size and life history. We call into question the general assumption of post-LGM marine transgression as the initiator of divergence of terrestrial lineages on continental islands and adjacent mainland, and highlight the range of alternative scenarios that should be considered.
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Spriggs, Matthew, and Christopher Chippindale. "Early setlement of Island Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific." Antiquity 63, no. 240 (September 1989): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00076535.
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It was a quarter of a century ago that ANTIQUITY first announced the ‘Pleistocene colonization of Australia’, when Mulvaney (1964) reported secure dates before 12,000 b.p. from Kenniff Cave, Queensland. The last three years alone have seen dates from New Guinea of around 40,000 b.p., early dates from the offshore islands of the Bismarck Archipelago, and dates from Australia itself that show a rapid colonization of both the arid central desert and cold, wet Tasmania – environments very different from the tropical islands of Southeast Asia, whence the first Australasian populations must surely have come. It is a record with great implications for early settlement elsewhere, most plainly of the American continents.
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Allen, Jim, Chris Gosden, and J. Peter White. "Human Pleistocene adaptations in the tropical island Pacific: recent evidence from New Ireland, a Greater Australian outlier." Antiquity 63, no. 240 (September 1989): 548–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00076547.
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The late Pleistocene colonization of Greater Australia by humans by c. 40,0130 b.p. is now generally accepted. This landmass, which comprised at periods of lower sea levels Tasmania, Australia and Papua New Guinea, has now produced sites with rich and diverse sequences extending towards or now mainly beyond 30,000 b.p., in the present arid country of western New South Wales (Barbetti & Allen 1972), in southwest Western Australia (Pearce & Barbetti 1981), in the Papua New Guinea Highlands (Gillieson & Mountain 1983), and recently even in Tasmania (Cosgrove 1989).Prior to 1985, with the exception of an 11,000 b.p. date for occupation in Misisjl Cave on New Britain (Specht et al. 1981), the tropical lowlands of Papua New Guinea and its attendant nearer Melanesian island chain had remained a blank on the region’s map of Pleistocene human expansion.
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Lauck, B. "The impact of recent logging and pond isolation on pond colonization by the frog Crinia signifera." Pacific Conservation Biology 11, no. 1 (2005): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc050050.
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A colonization experiment was used to investigate landscape use of a commercially managed wet forest in southern Tasmania by the ground-dwelling frog, Crinia signifera. Replicated artificial ponds were placed at increasing distances (20, 100, 250 and 500 m) from nine permanent breeding sites to investigate the effect of pond isolation on colonization. Four of these permanent breeding sites were surrounded by coupes that had been logged within the previous five years and five permanent breeding sites were surrounded by unlogged forest to investigate the effect of recent logging on colonization. The rate of colonization, the frequency of colonization, male size and female size (inferred from clutch size) were monitored over two breeding seasons. No pond isolation effects were found, indicating that G. signifera is randomly distributed throughout the forest landscape for up to 500 m around each permanent breeding site. Such patterns of forest habitat use indicate that management prescriptions should not only take into account the habitat characteristics of breeding sites but should also consider the surrounding terrestrial landscape. Ponds surrounded by unlogged forest were colonized almost two times faster than ponds surrounded by logged forest indicatlng that landscape modtfication can significantly alter amphibian mobility. These findings have consequences for total reproductive output especially in landscapes where breeding sites are highly variable and for species that are slow to colonize new breeding sites.
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KANTVILAS, Gintaras, and S. Jean JARMAN. "Recovery of lichens after logging: preliminary results from Tasmania's wet forests." Lichenologist 38, no. 4 (July 2006): 383–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282906005949.
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Logging in Tasmania's wet eucalypt forests has traditionally been based on a clearfell, burn and sow regime, a process that has become increasingly controversial in recent years. The managing authority for these forests, Forestry Tasmania, has designed a Silvicultural Systems Trial in Tasmania's Southern Forests to explore alternative methods for harvesting and regenerating eucalypts. One of the components of this Trial is a study of lichens and bryophytes. Pre-logging surveys revealed a diverse flora comprising 134 lichen and 144 bryophyte taxa. Logging and regeneration produces a suite of new microhabitats for colonization by lichens and bryophytes. After three years, 51 lichens have been recorded in the plots. Twenty-eight were recorded in the unlogged forest, and represent recolonizers; lichen survivors after logging and regeneration treatment are very few. The remaining 23 lichens represent some transient weedy species as well as some that are typical of more open, drier conditions. A feature of the post-logging flora is the high proportion of species also found in the Northern Hemisphere. Re-establishment of the pre-logging flora is limited by habitat and will depend on the re-establishment of pre-logging habitats such as mature dominant trees and understorey trees and shrubs.
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Pederson, Hugh G., and Craig R. Johnson. "Growth and age structure of sea urchins (Heliocidaris erythrogramma) in complex barrens and native macroalgal beds in eastern Tasmania." ICES Journal of Marine Science 65, no. 1 (November 20, 2007): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsm168.
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Abstract Pederson, H. G., and Johnson, C. R. 2008. Growth and age structure of sea urchins (Heliocidaris erythrogramma) in complex barrens and native macroalgal beds in eastern Tasmania. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 1–11. The formation of small-scale barrens of sea urchins on the east coast of Tasmania allows for direct comparison of the growth rates and age structures of sea urchin populations in barrens and habitats dominated by native macroalgae. However, such barrens are atypical of any previously described in temperate regions worldwide mainly because of the establishment and seasonal colonization by the introduced macroalga Undaria pinnatifida. Growth models were fitted to sea urchin (Heliocidaris erythrogramma) data, based on tag-recapture information from two distinct community types, a native macroalgal bed and a sea urchin barren colonized by U. pinnatifida. Despite the distinct contrast in habitats, size-at-age relationships and age frequency distributions were not significantly different between the two populations. However, the relationship between jaw length and test diameters was significantly different between populations, sea urchins in barrens possessing larger jaws relative to conspecifics of similar test diameter in native macroalgal habitats. It is proposed that the growth of sea urchins on barrens is not adversely affected by the loss of native macroalgae in the presence of U. pinnatifida. However, sea urchins display a level of resource limitation in barrens because of differences in the relationships of sea urchin morphometrics.
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Clark, Catherine M., and Ignazio Carbone. "Chloroplast DNA phylogeography in long-lived Huon pine, a Tasmanian rain forest conifer." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38, no. 6 (June 2008): 1576–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x07-209.
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Genealogy based methods were used to estimate phylogeographic history for a Tasmanian endemic conifer, Huon pine ( Lagarostrobos franklinii (Hook. f.) Quinn). DNA from trees in eight populations was sequenced using three chloroplast primers (trnS–trnT, trnD–trnT, and psbC–trnS). Mean nucleotide diversity was low (π = 0.000 93 ± 0.000 06) from 892 base pairs of sequence, but varied in stands from 0.0 to 0.001 15. Two of the five haplotypes were widely distributed, but the most frequently occurring haplotype was found only in the western portion of the range. Population structure was highly significant among populations overall (GST = 0.261, where GST is the coefficient of gene differentiation, and p ≤ 0.0001), and there were indications of significant isolation by distance (p ≤ 0.022). Populations exhibited the highest levels of differentiation between the southeastern and northwestern watersheds. Estimates of migration between populations obtained using both parametric and nonparametric methods indicated levels of gene flow consistent with an isolation by distance model. Nested clade analysis demonstrated a pattern of genetic diversity in Huon pine that is consistent with a history of range expansion. The exceptionally low level of nucleotide diversity, haplotype distribution, and paleoecological data are congruent with a history of long-term range reduction, population bottlenecks, and subsequent colonization events from refugial areas.
Books on the topic "Tasmania Colonization"
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O'Connor, Sue, and Peter Hiscock. The Peopling of Sahul and Near Oceania. Edited by Ethan E. Cochrane and Terry L. Hunt. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199925070.013.002.
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Sahul, comprising Australia, Tasmania, and New Guinea was colonized from Sunda, the enlarged southernmost extension of Eurasia, by anatomically modern Homo sapiens over 50,000 years ago. Pleistocene colonization of Sahul required watercraft to cross the perpetual island region of Wallacea, wherein populations adjusted to changing patterns of floral and faunal diversity. Once in Sahul, populations quickly adapted to the varying resources, developed regional differences in technology and culture, and likely contributed to megafaunal extinctions also influenced by environmental change. Ancient DNA and skeletal studies indicate that after colonization, Sahul was largely isolated from other populations. The earliest humans to inhabit Near Oceania, the islands northeast of New Guinea, arrived approximately 45,000 years ago. While the sophistication of their earliest navigational technology is debated, by 20,000 years ago these populations engaged in increasingly frequent voyaging, translocating New Guinea mainland fauna to the islands and moving valuable stone resources over hundreds of kilometers.
Book chapters on the topic "Tasmania Colonization"
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Stubbs, Brett J. "Brewing Industry Concentration and the Introduction of the Beer Excise in Australia and New Zealand in the Late Nineteenth Century." In New Developments in the Brewing Industry, 138–66. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198854609.003.0007.
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In the Australian colonies and in New Zealand, British colonization was followed by the development of a flourishing brewing industry. Brewery numbers peaked in each colony in the late nineteenth century. The industry contracted subsequently to a small number of dominant cities, achieving high levels of concentration by the early twentieth century. One significant factor promoting concentration was the beer excise, introduced in each colony in the late nineteenth century. When six colonies combined in 1901 to create the Commonwealth of Australia, the federal government took responsibility for taxation of beer production, adopting a uniform excise rate and applying harsher administrative requirements that affected smaller breweries disproportionately. The operation of the beer excise in each of the Australian colonies (New South Wales, Tasmania, Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia, and Queensland) and in New Zealand, and the later uniform federal tax in Australia, are considered as factors promoting industry concentration.