Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tasman Sea

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Academic literature on the topic 'Tasman Sea'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Tasman Sea"

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Steeves, Tammy E., Richard N. Holdaway, Marie L. Hale, Emma McLay, Ian A. W. McAllan, Margaret Christian, Mark E. Hauber, and Michael Bunce. "Merging ancient and modern DNA: extinct seabird taxon rediscovered in the North Tasman Sea." Biology Letters 6, no. 1 (August 12, 2009): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0478.

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Ancient DNA has revolutionized the way in which evolutionary biologists research both extinct and extant taxa, from the inference of evolutionary history to the resolution of taxonomy. Here, we present, to our knowledge, the first study to report the rediscovery of an ‘extinct’ avian taxon, the Tasman booby ( Sula tasmani ), using classical palaeontological data combined with ancient and modern DNA data. Contrary to earlier work, we show an overlap in size between fossil and modern birds in the North Tasman Sea (classified currently as S. tasmani and Sula dactylatra fullagari , respectively). In addition, we show that Holocene fossil birds have mitochondrial control region sequences that are identical to those found in modern birds. These results indicate that the Tasman booby is not an extinct taxon: S. dactylatra fullagari O'Brien & Davies, 1990 is therefore a junior synonym of Sula tasmani van Tets, Meredith, Fullagar & Davidson, 1988 and all North Tasman Sea boobies should be known as S. d. tasmani . In addition to reporting the rediscovery of an extinct avian taxon, our study highlights the need for researchers to be cognizant of multidisciplinary approaches to understanding taxonomy and past biodiversity.
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Chung, Christine T. Y., Scott B. Power, Agus Santoso, and Guomin Wang. "Multiyear Variability in the Tasman Sea and Impacts on Southern Hemisphere Climate in CMIP5 Models." Journal of Climate 30, no. 12 (June 2017): 4413–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0862.1.

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Naturally occurring multiyear to decadal variability is evident in rainfall, temperature, severe weather, and flood frequency around the globe. It is therefore important to understand the cause of this variability and the extent to which it can be predicted. Here internally generated decadal climate variability and its predictability potential in an ensemble of CMIP5 models are assessed. Global hot spots of subsurface ocean decadal variability are identified, revealing variability in the southern Tasman Sea that is coherent with variability in much of the Pacific Ocean and Southern Hemisphere. It is found that subsurface temperature variability in the southern Tasman Sea primarily arises in response to preceding changes in Southern Hemisphere winds. This variability is multiyear to decadal in character and is coherent with surface temperature in parts of the Southern Hemisphere up to several years later. This provides some degree of potential predictability to surface temperature in the southern Tasman Sea and surrounding regions. A few models exhibit significant correlation between subsurface variability in the southern Tasman Sea and zonally averaged precipitation south of 50°S; however, the multimodel mean does not exhibit any significant correlation between subsurface variability and precipitation. Models that exhibit stronger subsurface variability in the southern Tasman Sea also have a stronger interdecadal Pacific oscillation signal in the Pacific.
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Morgan, GJ. "A review of the hermit crab genus Calcinus Dana (Crustacea : Decapoda : Diogenidae) from Australia, with two descriptions of two new species." Invertebrate Systematics 5, no. 4 (1991): 869. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/it9910869.

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Seventeen species of the genus Calcinus are recorded from Australian waters, including Cocos (Keeling) and Christmas Islands in the Indian Ocean and Norfolk and Lord Howe Islands in the Tasman Sea, Pacific Ocean. Two new species, C. inconspicuus, sp. nov. and C. sirius, sp. nov., are described from the Tasman Sea. A key to Australian species of Calcinus is provided.
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Hassler, C. S., K. R. Ridgway, A. R. Bowie, E. C. V. Butler, L. A. Clementson, M. A. Doblin, D. M. Davies, et al. "Primary productivity induced by iron and nitrogen in the Tasman Sea: an overview of the PINTS expedition." Marine and Freshwater Research 65, no. 6 (2014): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf13137.

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The Tasman Sea and the adjacent subantarctic zone (SAZ) are economically important regions, where the parameters controlling the phytoplankton community composition and carbon fixation are not yet fully resolved. Contrasting nutrient distributions, as well as phytoplankton biomass, biodiversity and productivity were observed between the North Tasman Sea and the SAZ. In situ photosynthetic efficiency (FV/FM), dissolved and particulate nutrients, iron biological uptake, and nitrogen and carbon fixation were used to determine the factor-limiting phytoplankton growth and productivity in the North Tasman Sea and the SAZ. Highly productive cyanobacteria dominated the North Tasman Sea. High atmospheric nitrogen fixation and low nitrate dissolved concentrations indicated that non-diazotroph phytoplankton are nitrogen limited. Deck-board incubations also suggested that, at depth, iron could limit eukaryotes, but not cyanobacteria in that region. In the SAZ, the phytoplankton community was dominated by a bloom of haptophytes. The low productivity in the SAZ was mainly explained by light limitation, but nitrogen, silicic acid as well as iron were all depleted to the extent that they could become co-limiting. This study illustrates the challenge associated with identification of the limiting nutrient, as it varied between phytoplankton groups, depths and sites.
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Zhao, Zhongxiang, Matthew H. Alford, Harper L. Simmons, Dmitry Brazhnikov, and Rob Pinkel. "Satellite Investigation of the M2 Internal Tide in the Tasman Sea." Journal of Physical Oceanography 48, no. 3 (March 2018): 687–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-17-0047.1.

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AbstractThe M2 internal tide in the Tasman Sea is investigated using sea surface height measurements made by multiple altimeter missions from 1992 to 2012. Internal tidal waves are extracted by two-dimensional plane wave fits in 180 km by 180 km windows. The results show that the Macquarie Ridge radiates three internal tidal beams into the Tasman Sea. The northern and southern beams propagate respectively into the East Australian Current and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and become undetectable to satellite altimetry. The central beam propagates across the Tasman Sea, impinges on the Tasmanian continental slope, and partially reflects. The observed propagation speeds agree well with theoretical values determined from climatological ocean stratification. Both the northern and central beams refract about 15° toward the equator because of the beta effect. Following a concave submarine ridge in the source region, the central beam first converges around 45.5°S, 155.5°E and then diverges beyond the focal region. The satellite results reveal two reflected internal tidal beams off the Tasmanian slope, consistent with previous numerical simulations and glider measurements. The total energy flux from the Macquarie Ridge into the Tasman Sea is about 2.2 GW, of which about half is contributed by the central beam. The central beam loses little energy in its first 1000-km propagation, for which the likely reasons include flat bottom topography and weak mesoscale eddies.
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Kamp, Peter J. J. "Evolution of the Tasman Sea Basin." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 122, no. 1-4 (June 1996): 250–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(96)85044-9.

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Knight, Peter. "Enclosure of the Tasman Sea, or establishing the Tasman Sea as a Common Pool Resource Domain?" Australian Surveyor 45, no. 2 (December 2000): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00050354.2000.10558812.

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Gabric, A. J., R. Cropp, G. McTainsh, H. Butler, B. M. Johnston, T. O'Loingsigh, and Dien Van Tran. "Tasman Sea biological response to dust storm events during the austral spring of 2009." Marine and Freshwater Research 67, no. 8 (2016): 1090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf14321.

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During the austral spring of 2009 several significant dust storms occurred in south-east Australia including the so-called ‘Red Dawn’ event in late September. Estimates of 2.5 Mt total suspended particulate sediment lost off the Australian coast in the 3000km long dust plume make it the largest off-continent loss of soil ever reported. Much of this material was transported over the coastline of New South Wales and into the adjacent Tasman Sea. Long-term model simulations of dust deposition over the south-west Tasman Sea suggest the amount deposited during the spring of 2009 was approximately three times the long-term monthly average. Previous satellite-based analyses of the biological response of Tasman Sea waters to dust-derived nutrients are equivocal or have observed no response. Satellite-derived surface chlorophyll concentrations in the southern Tasman during the spring of 2009 are well above the climatological mean, with positive anomalies as high as 0.5mgm–3. Dust transport simulations indicate strong deposition to the ocean surface, which during both the ‘Red Dawn’ event and mid-October 2009 dust storm events was enhanced by heavy precipitation. Cloud processing of the dust aerosol may have enhanced iron bioavailability for phytoplankton uptake.
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Gastaldello, Maria Elena, Claudia Agnini, and Laia Alegret. "Late Miocene to Early Pliocene benthic foraminifera from the Tasman Sea (Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site U1506)." Journal of Micropalaeontology 43, no. 1 (January 5, 2024): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-1-2024.

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Abstract. Modern and fossil benthic foraminifera have been widely documented from New Zealand, but detailed studies of material collected from drilling expeditions in the Tasman Sea are scarcer. This study aims to provide an updated taxonomic study for the Late Miocene–Early Pliocene benthic foraminifera in the Tasman Sea, with a specific focus on the paleoceanographic phenomenon known as the Biogenic Bloom. To achieve these goals, we analysed 66 samples from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Site U1506 located in the Tasman Sea and identified a total of 98 taxa. Benthic foraminifera exhibit good preservation, allowing for accurate taxonomic identification. The resulting dataset serves as a reliable and precise framework for the identification and classification of the common deep-water benthic foraminifera in the region. The paleobathymetric analysis based on depth-dependent species indicates deposition at lower bathyal depths. Additionally, the quantitative analysis of the benthic foraminiferal assemblages allowed us to explore their response to the Biogenic Bloom at Site U1506. The paleoenvironmental analysis, focused on the Early Pliocene part of the Biogenic Bloom, points to high-productivity conditions driven by phytoplankton blooms and intensified vertical mixing of the ocean waters. These results provide valuable insights into the paleoceanographic events in the Tasman Sea, particularly the Biogenic Bloom, highlighting the significance of benthic foraminifera as reliable proxies for deciphering paleoenvironmental conditions. The taxonomic identifications and paleoenvironmental interpretations presented herein will aid in future paleoceanographic studies and facilitate comparisons with other deep-sea regions.
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Oliver, Eric C. J., Simon J. Wotherspoon, Matthew A. Chamberlain, and Neil J. Holbrook. "Projected Tasman Sea Extremes in Sea Surface Temperature through the Twenty-First Century." Journal of Climate 27, no. 5 (February 24, 2014): 1980–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00259.1.

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AbstractOcean climate extremes have received little treatment in the literature, aside from coastal sea level and temperatures affecting coral bleaching. Further, it is notable that extremes (e.g., temperature and precipitation) are typically not well represented in global climate models. Here, the authors improve dynamically downscaled ocean climate model estimates of sea surface temperature (SST) extremes in the Tasman Sea off southeastern Australia using satellite remotely sensed observed extreme SSTs and the simulated marine climate of the 1990s. This is achieved using a Bayesian hierarchical model in which the parameters of an extreme value distribution are modeled by linear regression onto the key marine climate variables (e.g., mean SST, SST variance, etc.). The authors then apply this fitted model, essentially a form of bias correction, to the marine climate projections for the 2060s under an A1B emissions scenario. They show that the extreme SSTs are projected to increase in the Tasman Sea in a nonuniform way. The 50-yr return period extreme SSTs are projected to increase by up to 2°C over the entire domain and by up to 4°C in a hotspot located in the central western portion of the Tasman Sea, centered at a latitude ~500 km farther south than the projected change in mean SST. The authors show that there is a greater than 50% chance that annual maximum SSTs will increase by at least 2°C in this hotspot and that this change is significantly different than that which might be expected because of random chance in an unchanged climate.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tasman Sea"

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Bostock, Helen C., and Helen Bostock@anu edu au. "Geochemically tracing the intermediate and surface waters in the Tasman Sea, southwest Pacific." The Australian National University. Faculty of Science, 2005. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20061106.123254.

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The relatively understudied intermediate waters of the world have been implicated as an important part of the global ocean circulation. This thesis discusses the intermediate waters of the Pacific over space and time. Initially, by using geochemical tracers to look at the present distribution, sources and mixing of the water masses. Secondly, by using oxygen and carbon isotopes from sediment cores to study changes in Antarctic Intermediate Waters (AAIW) over the late Quaternary in the north Tasman Sea. The sediment cores also provide sedimentological data on the hemipelagic sedimentation in the Capricorn Channel in the southern Great Barrier Reef as well information on changes in the East Australian surface current (EAC) over the last glacial-interglacial transition. [A more extended Abstract can be found in the files]
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Bostock, Helen C. "Geochemically tracing the intermediate and surface waters in the Tasman Sea, southwest Pacific /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2004. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20061106.123254/index.html.

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Villanoy, Cesar L. "The influence of the Bass Strait outflow on the Tasman Sea central water." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1988. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26182.

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An advective box—model based on mass and salt conservation arguments and volume of Tasman Sea Central Water for different temperatures and salinities has been used to determine the influence of the seasonal outflow from Bass Strait on the Tasman Sea thermocline as well as to identify the regions where previously observed strong positive salinity anomalies occur. Of the total salt flux into the layer bounded by the 25.73 and 26.96 at isopycnal surface s, about 8% is supplied by the prescribed Bass Strait transport of 0.45 Sv while 34% is accounted for by downwelling from the overlying high salinity water. The highest vertical salt flux occurs in the Southern Tasman Sea somewhere between 37° and 43° S. This corresponds to the region where positive salinity anomalies were found to occur, characterized by large salinity gradients and the existence of offshore salinity maxima along isothermal and isopycnal surfaces. The distribution of the Bass Strait Water volume in the Tasman Sea displays a similar pattern suggesting that the seasonal intrusion of BSW may act as a trigger to entrain high salinity water from the upper layers by double diffusive convection. Double —diffusive arguments are also presented to explain some of the features of the intrusion of Bass Strait Water in the Tasman Sea.
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Syahailatua, Augy BEES UNSW. "Biological oceanography of larval fish diversity and growth off eastern Australia." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. BEES, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/22791.

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Fish larvae in Australian waters have been studied progressively in the last 2-3 decades including the distribution and abundance of taxa, growth and age, their prey and predators. However, the effect of nutrient limitation on ichthyoplankton is unstudied, particularly in the oligotrophic Australian waters. My study was aimed to examine the effect of natural or anthropogenic nutrients on the abundance, distribution, growth and condition of fish larvae along-shore of the NSW coast (latitude 30-34S), where the East Australian Current departs the NSW coast and generates local upwelling of cool nutrient-rich water. This study shows no significant difference in the total abundance or diversity of either larval fishes amongst the 112 taxa (111 families and 1 order), among regions within or upstream of the upwelling. However in both months, there were distinctive ichthyoplankton assemblages at the family level. The Carangidae, Labridae, Lutjanidae, Microcanthidae, Myctophidae and Scombridae were more abundant in the EAC or oceanic water masses, while the Callionymidae, Clupeidae, Platycephalidae, Sillaginidae and Terapontidae were mostly found in the surface or deep upwelled/uplifted water masses. This pattern is observed in other ichthyoplankton studies and may be a general and useful method to determine mixing of water masses. Larvae of silver trevally (Pseudocaranx dentex) and yellowtail scad (Trachurus novaezelandiae) were generally larger and less abundant in the topographically induced upwelling region, than north of the region in pre-upwelled conditions of the East Australian Current. Both species were mostly at the preflexion stage (less than 4.3 mm in body length and less than 10 days old) in the pre-upwelled conditions, particularly during November, and proportionally more larger and older larvae in the upwelled waters (mostly post-flexion, greater than 4.3 mm in body length and greater than 10 days old). Ages from sagittal otoliths ranged from 2-25 increments (~days) and exhibited linear growth for both species and months over the size range (3-15 mm standard length). The otolith radius-length relationship and the growth rates were similar between species and months, despite the 3-4C difference between months. Overall growth rates of the younger larvae were uniform throughout the entire sampling area (0.5-0.6 mm.d-1), while older larvae grew significantly faster in the upwelled water (0.41 mm.d-1) compared to the non-upwelled conditions (0.34 mm.d-1). Both species tended to be depleted in 13C in the upwelling region (from ???18.5 to ???19.0), consistent with expected ratios from deeper water, whereas the 15N composition tended to increase in Pseudocaranx, but decrease in Trachurus indicating different diets and possibly trophic level. The early life history of both species indicates spawning in pre-upwelled waters, but larval transport into upwelled waters is necessary for faster growth in the post-flexion stage. The assemblage of larval fishes did differ between the upwelled region and a region south of Sydney???s deepwater outfalls, but the difference was ascribed to a latitudinal effect and the EAC. Both larval carangids were enriched in 15N, possibly due to the enriched dissolved organic matter of primary treated sewage. In summary, this study found that the larval fish community can provide a biological means to trace water masses, and estimate their degree of mixing. Remarkably there was no significant effect of upwelling or sewage addition to the abundance or diversity of larval fish, in the nutrient poor waters of the East Australian Current. Larval carangids and pilchards were abundant in late spring off northern NSW, and their early life histories were inferred. Both larval carangid species seem to be spawned in the EAC waters, but as post-flexion larvae grew faster in the upwelled zone. Pre-flexion (less than 10 day old) larval carangids of both genera indicated spawning in the EAC, and the rarer post-flexion (greater than 10 days old) carangids grew faster in the upwelled waters. Here, both genera had stable isotope signatures characteristic of upwelled waters for carbon, but had different nitrogen signatures, indicative of different diets and trophic level status. Larval pilchards actually grew more slowly in the upwelling region, as observed in coastal waters off Japan, and their nursery grounds may be further offshore in the Tasman Front, analogous to their early life history in the Kuroshio Extension.
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Cottle, Ceaira. "A Tale of Two Islands: Long Distance Dispersal to Oceanic Islands and the Influence of Dispersal Potential on Large-Scale Phylogeographic Patterns." Thesis, Griffith University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367140.

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Comparative phylogeography seeks to compare phylogeographic patterns of multiple co-distributed species in order to examine levels of temporal and spatial congruence. Comparative assessments can lead to reconstructions of major trends in the recent histories of dispersal of a region and can provide significant advances in understanding how behaviour, demography and natural histories of species and populations can influence phylogeographic patterns. When common spatial patterns of evolutionary sub-division are found between co-distributed species they are thought to share a biogeographic history. Although concordant phylogeographic patterns have been found across multiple taxa, not all comparative phylogeographic studies have found evidence of congruence. The influence of dispersal potential on the phylogeographic structuring of multiple co-distributed species was the main focus of this thesis. The main goal was to explore how dispersal potential, based on life history characteristics, influenced phylogeographic structure on a large-scale in multiple co-distributed species, and in particular how this influenced oceanic island populations. Whilst there are disagreements in the biogeographic literature as to whether vicariant or dispersal processes best explain the geographic distribution of a species, the colonisation and accumulation of biotic assemblages on oceanic islands is unequivocally the result of transoceanic dispersal. The biotic communities present on oceanic islands therefore inevitably consist of species that are able to disperse well. Genetic variation within island populations is directly influenced by the dispersal potential of the species in question. Species that disperse frequently will be more closely related to the source population due to continual migration to the islands from mainland (or other island) sources; whereas species that do not disperse as often will be more genetically distinct and divergent from the source population.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Samanta, Moneesha. "Zinc isotopes as a tool to investigate zinc biogeochemical cycling in the SW Pacific Ocean." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/142139.

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Marine phytoplankton account for more than 40% of global primary production and hence play an important role in moderating global climate through ocean-atmosphere CO2 exchange. Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient and plays an important role in the carbon acquisition system within marine phytoplankton, thus, it has the potential to influence marine primary production. In seawater, Zn bioavailability is dependent on its concentration and its chemical speciation. The free Zn2+ ion concentration of the surface ocean is usually in the low picomolar range with the potential to be growth limiting for some phytoplankton species. The aim of this research is to better understand Zn cycling in the ocean and the relationship between primary production and Zn bioavailability by exploiting variations in the Zn isotope composition of phytoplankton and seawater samples. To realise this aim, a procedure was developed to measure the Zn isotope composition of marine samples. This procedure utilises the double spike (DS) technique in conjunction with the pre-concentration of Zn from seawater to determine processes that influence the Zn biogeochemical cycling in the ocean. Seawater samples, collected as part of a 2010 GEOTRACES process study, contrasting oligotrophic waters of north Tasman Sea and the mesotrophic waters of south Tasman Sea, were analysed using this technique. In this study, variability in δ66Zn of dissolved Zn is observed in the upper ocean (0-200 m) for the mesotrophic waters and is attributed to biological activity of eukaryotic phytoplankton. At stations where eukaryotic phytoplankton dominated, heavier δ66Zn values coincided with the chlorophyll maxima suggesting preferential uptake of lighter Zn isotopes by phytoplankton. To complement the field work, a Tasman Sea isolate of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi was cultured across a range of free Zn2+ ion concentrations to determine the extent of Zn isotope fractionation during Zn uptake. The laboratory results support the field observation that the resident phytoplankton community controls δ66Zn composition of the upper water column in the south Tasman Sea. The intermediate and deep waters of the south Tasman Sea have Southern Ocean origin. The Southern Ocean plays a significant role in the global carbon cycle influencing both ocean circulation and biogeochemistry. Much of the surface waters of the Southern Ocean have low iron (Fe) bioavailability. I investigated the role Fe limitation plays in Zn accumulation and Zn isotope fractionation by the Southern Ocean haptophyte Phaeocystis antarctica, a major component of the Southern Ocean phytoplankton assemblage. Under Fe-limiting condition an increased cellular quota for Zn (expressed as Zn:P) and heavier δ66Zn values within the cells is observed; Whereas, cells grown under Fe-replete conditions have a lower Zn quota and a lighter δ66Zn composition. Thus, Fe bioavailability could regulate the dissolved Zn isotope composition of the Southern Ocean, which in turn would be reflected in other parts of the world ocean. This study highlights the importance of carefully analysing phytoplankton community structure and the trace metal composition while interpreting δ66Zn composition of the biologically active upper water column of the ocean.
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Wong, Anthony Ling Chiung. "Sequestering of CO2 in the oceans around Australia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1994. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26895.

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The increasing threat of C02 to the global warming has prompted many governments to implement strategies to reduce the emission of C02 and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The sequestering of C02 collected from power stations into the ocean is one of the promising strategies which can be used to achieve this goal. The east coast of Australia is identified as a favourable location for the C02 dumping scheme. The location of power stations along the east coast, with its narrow continental shelf, has provided favourable conditions for both the economical construction and running costs, of the ocean C02 disposal scheme. Compared to other oceans in the world, the Tasman Sea, and South Pacific Ocean in general, because of its high concentration of carbonate ions in the water column and sedimentary CaCO3, provides one of the best regions in which neutralisation of C02 can take place. The uncertainties of the fate of C02 after it has been released into the ocean and of its environmental impact are investigated. The current knowledge of C02 dumping schemes are reviewed to identify the most suitable scheme that can be adopted for Australia. It is proposed that an injection of liquid C02 at a depth of 1,000 m would be sufficient to ensure the long-term aim of sequestering the C02 produced in Australia into the ocean as well as minimising the environmental impact to the marine environment. A special release nozzle is needed to allow maximum mixing between the liquid C02 and seawater. The creation of denser COz-enriched plume will allow the anthropogenic C02 collected to sink to greater depths. The aims of creating the sinking current are two. One is to ensure the C02 reaches a greater depth and thus increases the resident time of C02 in the ocean. The other is to allow the C02 to react with sediment CaCO3, which in general is in abundance in the Tasman Sea and the South Pacific Ocean. This neutralisation process will not only reduce the impact of C02 on the environment but also provide a permanent sequestration of C02.
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Estrompa, Raquel Ludovina Menezes. "Cravo de Pascal Taskin (1782): caracterização material da policromia exterior." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/6881.

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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Conservação e Restauro, Especialização em Ciências da Conservação
Com o surgimento do piano a par de uma alteração dos gostos musicais da época, após o século XVIII o cravo caiu em desuso. Apenas oito cravos atribuídos a Pascal Taskin (1723-1793)sobreviveram até aos nossos dias, sendo o que pertence ao Museu da Música de Lisboa alvo de grande especulação. Embora este instrumento se encontre catalogado como um grand ravalement de um prestigiado cravo flamengo de Andreas Ruckers, foi apontado como falso Ruckers por Grant O’Brien. Devido à sua história e importância, desde 2006 este instrumento encontra-se classificado como tesouro nacional. Este estudo pretende compreender a autenticidade do ravalement através da caracterização material da policromia exterior do cravo, recorrendo a análises não destrutivas, não invasivas e in situ como reflectografia de infravermelho e espectrometria de fluorescência de raios X dispersiva de energias; e análises micro-destrutivas como microscopia óptica, microscopia electrónica de varrimento com espectrometria de raios X por energias dispersivas, micro-difracção de raios X, micro-espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier, pirólise seguida de cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massa e identificação de madeiras. Através do desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de trabalho adaptada, pode afirmar-se que o cravo em estudo tem pelo menos cinco intervenções. Estas intervenções não se encontram sistematicamente em todos os motivos, pelo que se podem entender como refrescamentos de alguns motivos decorativos de acordo com os gostos da época (diferentes figuras podem ter diferentes números de policromias e policromias de diferentes períodos de tempo). No que diz respeito à autenticidade do ravalement, pode concluir-se que embora se trate de um falso Ruckers, estamos perante um cravo sujeito a um autêntico ravalement.
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Habel, Chad Sean, and chad habel@gmail com. "Ancestral Narratives in History and Fiction: Transforming Identities." Flinders University. Humanities, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20071108.133216.

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This thesis is an exploration of ancestral narratives in the fiction of Thomas Keneally and Christopher Koch. Initially, ancestry in literature creates an historical relationship which articulates the link between the past and the present. In this sense ancestry functions as a type of cultural memory where various issues of inheritance can be negotiated. However, the real value of ancestral narratives lies in their power to aid in the construction of both personal and communal identities. They have the potential to transform these identities, to transgress “natural” boundaries and to reshape conventional identities in the light of historical experience. For Keneally, ancestral narratives depict national forbears who “narrate the nation” into being. His earlier fictions present ancestors of the nation within a mythic and symbolic framework to outline Australian national identity. This identity is static, oppositional, and characterized by the delineation of boundaries which set nations apart from one another. However, Keneally’s more recent work transforms this conventional construction of national identity. It depicts an Irish-Australian diasporic identity which is hyphenated and transgressive: it transcends the conventional notion of nations as separate entities pitted against one another. In this way Keneally’s ancestral narratives enact the potential for transforming identity through ancestral narrative. On the other hand, Koch’s work is primarily concerned with the intergenerational trauma causes by losing or forgetting one’s ancestral narrative. His novels are concerned with male gender identity and the fragmentation which characterizes a self-destructive idea of maleness. While Keneally’s characters recover their lost ancestries in an effort to reshape their idea of what it is to be Australian, Koch’s main protagonist lives in ignorance of his ancestor’s life. He is thus unable to take the opportunity to transform his masculinity due to the pervasive cultural amnesia surrounding his family history and its role in Tasmania’s past. While Keneally and Koch depict different outcomes in their fictional ancestral narratives they are both deeply concerned with the potential to transform national and gender identities through ancestry.
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Martinez, Jose Ignacio R. "Late pleistocene palaeoceanography of the Tasman Sea." Phd thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/140125.

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Books on the topic "Tasman Sea"

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Tasman Sea Conference (1992 Christchurch, N.Z.). Evolution of the Tasman Sea basin: Proceedings of the Tasman Sea Conference, Christchurch, New Zealand, 27-30 November 1992. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema, 1994.

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Scheibner, Erwin, C. M. Powell, and Ross Spencer. Broken Hill-Sydney Tasman-Sea Transect: New South Wales, Eastern Australia. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gt005.

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Great Britain. Air Accidents Investigation Branch. Report on the accident to Concorde 102 G-BOAF, over the Tasman Sea, about 140nm east of Sydney, Australia on 12 April 1989. London: H.M.S.O., 1989.

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Jellinek, Thomas. Report on the taxonomy, biogeography, and phylogeny of mostly living benthic Ostracoda (Crustacea) from deep-sea samples (intermediate water depths) from the Challenger Plateau (Tasman Sea) and Campbell Plateau (Southern Ocean), New Zealand. Stuttgart: E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchh., 2003.

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Huhta, Liisa. Feministin käsikirja. Helsinki]: Ajatus Kirjat, 2009.

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Nisbet, Jim. Across the Tasman Sea. Thumbscrew Press, 1997.

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Lingen. Evolution Tasman Sea Basin. Taylor & Francis, 1994.

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Francis, Chichester. Alone Over The Tasman Sea. Books on Tape, Inc., 1988.

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Francis, Chichester. Alone Over the Tasman Sea. Bello, 2016.

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Francis, Chichester. Alone Over the Tasman Sea. Bello, 2016.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tasman Sea"

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Hickey, Francesca, and Koenraad Kuiper. "12. ‘A deep depression covers the South Tasman Sea’." In Varieties of English Around the World, 279. JB/Victoria UP: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/veaw.g25.15hic.

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Tedford, R. A., and D. C. Kelly. "A deep-sea record of the Late Miocene carbon shift from the southern Tasman Sea." In The Cenozoic Southern Ocean: Tectonics, Sedimentation, and Climate Change Between Australia and Antarctica, 273–90. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/151gm16.

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Hinz, K., M. Hemmerich, U. Salge, and O. Eiken. "Structures in Rift — Basin Sediments on the Conjugate Margins of Western Tasmania, South Tasman Rise, and Ross Sea, Antarctica." In Geological History of the Polar Oceans: Arctic versus Antarctic, 119–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2029-3_7.

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Wasmer, Robert A. "Pelagic shrimps (Crustacea: decapoda) from six USNS Eltanin cruises in the southeastern Indian Ocean, Tasman Sea, and Southwestern Pacific Ocean to the Ross Sea." In Biology of the Antarctic Seas XXII, 49–91. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ar058p0049.

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Röhl, Ursula, Henk Brinkhuis, Catherine E. Stickley, Mike Fuller, Stephen A. Schellenberg, Gerold Wefer, and Graham L. Williams. "Sea level and astronomically induced environmental changes in Middle and Late Eocene sediments from the East Tasman Plateau." In The Cenozoic Southern Ocean: Tectonics, Sedimentation, and Climate Change Between Australia and Antarctica, 127–51. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/151gm09.

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Röhl, Ursula, Henk Brinkhuis, Appy Sluijs, and Mike Fuller. "On the search for the Paleocene/Eocene boundary in the Southern Ocean: Exploring ODP Leg 189 holes 1171D and 1172D, Tasman Sea." In The Cenozoic Southern Ocean: Tectonics, Sedimentation, and Climate Change Between Australia and Antarctica, 113–25. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/151gm08.

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Nürnberg, Dirk, Natasja Brughmans, Joachim Schönfeld, Ulysses Ninnemann, and Christian Dullo. "Paleo-export production, terrigenous flux and sea surface temperatures around Tasmania: Implications for glacial/interglacial changes in the Subtropical Convergence zone." In The Cenozoic Southern Ocean: Tectonics, Sedimentation, and Climate Change Between Australia and Antarctica, 291–318. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/151gm17.

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Haines, David, and Jonathan West. "Crew Cultures in the Tasman World." In New Zealand and the Sea: Historical Perspectives, 181–200. Bridget Williams Books, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7810/9780947518707_9.

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Tomascik, Tomas, Anmarie Janice Mah, Anugerah Nontji, and Mohammad Kasim Moosa. "Seagrasses." In The Ecology of the Indonesian seas, 829–906. Oxford University PressOxford, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198501862.003.0006.

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Abstract Seagrasses have a wide distribution throughout the world’s oceans, being absent only from the polar seas, although the genera Phyllospadix and Zostera are present as far north as the Bering Sea and as far south as the Tasman Sea. From the cold subpolar regions to the equator, seagrasses inhabit a variety of shallow-water coastal habitats where they play a key ecological role (Hartog 1970). These marine phanerogams (i.e., seed-bearing plants) are well-known components of temperate intertidal “salt-marsh” communities (e.g., Zostera marina), recognized for their ability to help stabilize coastlines and to provide food and shelter for a host of marine organisms (Chapman 1974).
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Mycke, B., K. C. Emeis, and E. T. Degens. "Diagenesis of Organic Compounds in Hole 593, Leg 90 (Tasman Sea)." In Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 90. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.90.135.1986.

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Conference papers on the topic "Tasman Sea"

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Alegret, Laia, Irene Peñalver-Clavel, Joyeeta Bhattacharya, Claudia Agnini, Edoardo Dallanave, Thomas Westerhold, Gerald Dickens, and Rupert Sutherland. "THE LATE LUTETIAN THERMAL MAXIMUM AT IODP SITE U1508 (TASMAN SEA)." In GSA Connects 2022 meeting in Denver, Colorado. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022am-379200.

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Ewans, Kevin, and Philip Jonathan. "Is the 100-Year Return Value for Significant Wave Height Increasing in the Tasman Sea?" In ASME 2023 42nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2023-104360.

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Abstract Climate change is frequently reported to be the cause of an apparent increase in the occurrence and intensity of extreme events around the globe. Recent studies have found that increases can be expected in sea state extremes for some regions of the world’s oceans. We investigate temporal trends in storm peak significant wave height for a central Tasman Sea location, using output from the FIO-ESM v2.0 CMIP6 Earth System Model of [1], [2]. These data include time-series of significant wave height for several Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) as well as 165-year historical and 700-year pre-industrial realisations. This allows estimates to be made of 100-year return values for significant wave height at the end of the 21st century, for several future atmospheric forcing scenarios, and comparison of these against estimates for present day, based on the historical data base, and estimates for pre-industrial conditions. The estimates are made with a non-stationary extreme value analysis method that allows return values of storm peak significant wave height to be estimated as a function of time and to quantify if changes in return values are statistically significant. Evidence supporting climate-related changes at the Tasman location studied is weak. Estimates of most probable changes in 100-year return value for storm peak significant wave height between 2015 and 2100, for the three SSP scenarios considered, suggest the assumption of a 2m increase in 100-year return value to be reasonable, whilst noting that this value is small compared to the inherent uncertainty (of at least ±5m) present.
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Voss, Zachary Martin, Adam Emerson Silvernail, Nicholas T. Janowski, Sydney R. Licata, Zachary Connor Ellis, Thomas Andrea North, Jonathan Schmitkons, and Adriane R. Lam. "MULTI-PROXY RECONSTRUCTION OF THE MID LATITUDES, TASMAN SEA, IODP SITE U1510, DURING THE MIOCENE CLIMATE OPTIMUM AND MID-MIOCENE CLIMATE TRANSITION." In Joint 72nd Annual Southeastern/ 58th Annual Northeastern Section Meeting - 2023. Geological Society of America, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2023se-385908.

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Voss, Zachary, Nicholas T. Janowski, Sydney R. Licata, Thomas Andrea North, Zachary Connor Ellis, Adam Emerson Silvernail, Jonathan Schmitkons, and Adriane R. Lam. "MULTI-PROXY APPROACH TO INFER THE ATMOSPHERIC RESPONSE TO THE MIOCENE CLIMATE OPTIMUM AND MID-MIOCENE CLIMATE TRANSITION,, TASMAN SEA, IODP SITE U1510." In GSA Connects 2023 Meeting in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Geological Society of America, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2023am-394041.

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McVicar, Jason J., Jason R. Lavroff, Michael R. Davis, and Giles A. Thomas. "Slam Excitation Scales for a Large Wave Piercing Catamaran and the Effect on Structural Response." In SNAME 13th International Conference on Fast Sea Transportation. SNAME, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/fast-2015-036.

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A unique slamming process is observed on high speed wave piercing catamarans (WPCs) such as those manufactured by INCAT Tasmania (shown in Fig. 1). For conventional catamarans, wet-deck slamming constitutes a significant design load and is managed through proper design of the tunnel height for the proposed operating conditions. While methods have been developed for prediction of wet-deck slam occurrence and slam magnitude in conventional catamarans (for example Ge et al., 2005) the significant differences in geometry limit application to wave piercing catamarans. Although slamming of wave piercing catamarans may be categorised as a wet-deck slam, the INCAT Tasmania wave piercing catamarans include a forward centre bow to prevent deck diving which significantly alters the water entry and slamming characteristics.
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Nobes, David C., S. F. Leary, M. P. Hochstein, and S. A. Henry. "Ground‐penetrating radar profiles of rubble‐covered temperate glaciers: Results from the Tasman and Mueller glaciers of the Southern Alps of New Zealand." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1994. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1932012.

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Godber, Kate, John Bishop, and Roger Lewis. "Hot rocks down under: Exploration for enhanced geothermal power in Tasmania, Australia." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2007. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2793039.

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Eshaghi, Esmaeil, Anya Reading, Michael Roach, Matthew Cracknell, Mark Duffett, and Daniel Bombardieri. "3D modelling of granite intrusions in northwest Tasmania using petrophysical and residual gravity data." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2016. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/segam2016-13780273.1.

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Silic, J., E. T. Eadie, and D. J. Jack. "Application of time-domain electromagnetic methods in the discovery of the Hellyer ore deposit, Tasmania, Australia." In 1985 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts. SEG, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1892699.

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Bailera, Manuel, Begoña Peña, Iván Bailera, Belén Zalba, Ignacio Zabalza, Pilar Lisbona, and Sara Pascual. "Aplicación del método de repetición espaciada en el ámbito de la Ingeniería." In IN-RED 2022: VIII Congreso de Innovación Educativa y Docencia en Red. València: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/inred2022.2022.15923.

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La memoria a largo plazo es fundamental para tener una base de conocimiento sólida sobre la que construir nuevos modelos mentales. Sin embargo, los estudiantes a menudo estudian de forma masiva e inmediata, centrándose únicamente en superar las pruebas de evaluación. La "curva de olvido" (Herman Ebbinghaus, 1885) muestra que la pérdida de retención a lo largo del tiempo tiene un decaimiento exponencial cuando no se hace ningún esfuerzo por revisar la información. Si se repasa lo aprendido en el momento adecuado y se utilizan herramientas de aprendizaje activo, se reduce la tasa de olvido, haciendo que el tiempo necesario entre repasos consecutivos sea cada vez más largo, hasta que finalmente la información se fija en la memoria a largo plazo.Esta metodología que aplana la curva de olvido a través de la Repetición Espaciada se ha utilizado con éxito en el estudio de lenguas extranjeras debido a su alto rendimiento. El trabajo aquí presentado tiene como objetivo trasladar el Sistema de Repetición Espaciada a los estudios STEM, con el propósito de consolidar conceptos que son la base de conocimientos más complejos y que muchas veces los estudiantes han olvidado cuando llegan a los últimos cursos de sus estudios universitarios.
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Reports on the topic "Tasman Sea"

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Vargas-Páez, Andrea Carolina, and Carlos David Ardila-Dueñas. Efecto del riesgo de tipo de cambio en la rentabilidad de los bonos soberanos en Colombia. Banco de la República, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1165.

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Este documento estudió el impacto de la devaluación y la volatilidad de la tasa de cambio sobre la estructura a plazos de las tasas de interés en Colombia durante el periodo 2008 - 2020. Para este fin se utilizaron modelos de series de tiempo univariados y multivariados con umbrales. Entre los resultados se observó un efecto no lineal de la devaluación y la volatilidad de la tasa de cambio sobre el nivel y la pendiente de la curva. El empinamiento generado por un choque de devaluación se duplica en escenarios de alta devaluación y volatilidad, sin embargo para este último el impacto es de de mayor tamaño y duración. A diferencia de los modelos lineales, las desvalorizaciones generadas por un mayor nivel de endeudamiento resultaron ser significativas en escenarios de alta incertidumbre de la tasa de cambio. Además encontramos que los inversionistas valoran más niveles bajos de volatilidad que bajas devaluaciones del tipo de cambio ante un incremento en la aversión al riesgo global.
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Rey Huertas, Luis Eduardo, Vivian Carolina Moreno Sierra, and Eder Forero Mayorga. Anualidades para proyectos de ingeniería. Ediciones Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/gcgp.100.

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En el contexto del sistema financiero colombiano, es una práctica arraigada otorgar préstamos que se liquidan mediante pagos periódicos, ya sea en cuotas fijas con amortización variable y tasa de interés constante, o en cuotas variables con un abono a capital constante y una tasa de interés variable. Estos pagos se efectúan en lapsos regulares, cuyo cálculo se basa en la tasa de interés acordada y el plazo establecido. Simultáneamente, los clientes realizan aportes periódicos y uniformes, representados como depósitos, los cuales generan un ahorro futuro. En este contexto, se introduce el concepto de anualidad, que va más allá de ser un pago anual, convirtiéndose en un monto uniforme cuya periodicidad (mensual, bimestral, trimestral, semestral, anual, entre otras) se negocia con la entidad financiera. Además, la duración de un préstamo a lo largo del tiempo brinda al deudor la oportunidad de evaluar otras opciones para liquidar la deuda en un plazo más breve. Esto se logra mediante abonos extraordinarios, que, al aplicarse al capital pendiente, posibilitan la reducción del plazo acordado, manteniendo constante el valor de la cuota periódica. Alternativamente, se puede optar por mantener el mismo plazo, pero reduciendo el valor del pago periódico (anualidad), lo que contribuye a un flujo de caja más manejable. En esta guía, exploraremos estos escenarios a través de ejercicios prácticos, analizando cómo estas decisiones impactan en el flujo de efectivo y en la gestión financiera de los individuos.
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Toro, Jorge, ed. ¿Tardó Colombia en iniciar sus ciclos monetarios? Banco de la República, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/blog12032024.

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Con frecuencia los observadores económicos que hacen seguimiento a la política monetaria comparan las fechas de las decisiones de los ciclos de subidas o de bajadas de las tasas de interés entre países para establecer cuáles países se adelantaron y cuáles se retrasaron en sus decisiones. Esto podría ser correcto si los países tuvieran comportamientos económicos idénticos. Pero sabemos que no es así. Por esta razón, un juicio de esta naturaleza requiere un análisis más sofisticado, que no solo compare los calendarios, sino también el comportamiento de indicadores económicos claves al inicio de los ciclos de subidas o de bajadas de la tasa de interés de política (TPM) en cada país. Una reciente nota sobre ciclos monetarios publicada por los directores de la Junta Directiva del Banco de la República, Bibiana Taboada y Mauricio Villamizar, en compañía de Manuela Bernal, acomete esta compleja tarea.
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Cattani, Yan, and Rafael Igrejas. Casos de estudio en la gestión pública y privada de residuos: un enfoque en la sostenibilidad financiera. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0013004.

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La sostenibilidad financiera en la gestión de residuos sólidos hace referencia a la necesidad de asegurar la viabilidad económica a largo plazo de los sistemas de manejo de residuos. Esto implica generar ingresos suficientes para cubrir los costos operativos y de capital, así como la búsqueda de fuentes de financiamiento sostenibles para la implementación de nuevas tecnologías y programas de gestión. Esta perspectiva pretende garantizar que la gestión de residuos sólidos sea ambientalmente sostenible, socialmente justa y económicamente viable a largo plazo (Hoornweg, 2012). De acuerdo con el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente, los modelos de financiación de la gestión de residuos que recaudan los ingresos indirectamente, como parte de otros impuestos, o directamente, a través de tasas al consumidor pueden funcionar, siempre que el sistema sea transparente y responda al comportamiento de sus usuarios (UNEP, 2015). Además, el uso de instrumentos de financiación innovadores, como la Responsabilidad Extendida del Productor (REP) y las tasas de subproductos de valorización, puede aumentar la eficacia de los fondos destinados a la gestión de residuos. Esta publicación presenta cinco casos de esquemas de manejo de residuos sólidos que buscaron soluciones para asegurar la sostenibilidad financiera. La selección de estos casos se realizó basándose en estudios de mercado y bibliografía, considerando criterios específicos como la existencia de un marco normativo, acuerdos contractuales vigentes, claridad en la gobernanza; y la ya mencionada sostenibilidad financiera. Los casos elegidos provienen de tres países de América Latina (Brasil, Colombia y Panamá) y un país de Europa (Portugal). En Brasil se eligieron el Consorcio Intermunicipal del Médio Vale do Itajaí (CIMVI) y la empresa Ambiental Participações S.A.; en Colombia, se analizó el caso del modelo tarifario empleado en el Distrito Capital de Bogotá; en Panamá, se estudió el caso de Veolia en La Chorrera; y en Portugal se eligió la operación de LIPOR (Serviço Intermunicipalizado de Gestão de Resíduos do Grande Porto). La metodología utilizada para este estudio combinó un conjunto de métodos cualitativos, que incluyeron una revisión de la literatura, entrevistas realizadas con un guion semiestructurado y un análisis (Wengraf, 2001; Bardin, 1979) dividido en tres áreas: aspectos normativos e institucionales; aspectos tecnológicos, sociales y ambientales y aspectos económico-financieros.
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Burgos Navarrete, Mauricio Andrés. Reflexiones en la renegociación de créditos. Reeditor.com, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32457/12728/9839201989.

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La rebaja de tasas de interés en el sistema financiero de por si constituye una invitación para renegociar deudas, sin embargo, ello no debe constituir una obligación, pues debe ser analizado en conjunto a otras variables.
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Requena, Bernardo, Ernesto Cupe, Juan Ramon Ramírez, Eduardo Antelo, and Carmen Crespo. Determinantes del spread en las tasas de interés bancarias en Bolivia. Inter-American Development Bank, August 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012000.

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Entre 1980 y la primera mitad de los noventas, la intermediación financiera en Bolivia se ha desenvuelto en dos ambientes de política económica completamente opuestos: el primero correspondió a una economía donde el rol del Estado era gravitante y el segundo a una economía de mercado. Hasta agosto de 1985 se impusieron controles sobre la tasa de interés. Esta política, la hiperinflación, la mora bancaria, la "desdolarización" del año 1982 y la reducción en el crecimiento de la economía, determinaron el desmoronamiento del sistema financiero. El aumento de la emisión monetaria aceleró la inflación de tal manera que las tasas de interés reales llegaron a ser negativas, afectando directamente a la intermediación financiera. Los bancos se vieron imposibilitados de cumplir sus compromisos con la banca extranjera, por lo que perdieron el acceso a esa fuente de financiamiento. La regulación no era suficientemente clara y tampoco se cumplía. El aumento de la mora, de los gastos administrativos, y de la proporción de activos no rentables disminuyó notoriamente los volúmenes de operación de la banca. En agosto de 1985, cuando se implementa la Nueva Política Económica (NPE), se introducen una serie de cambios que transformaron al sector financiero. El objetivo inicial fue detener la hiperinflación y luego retomar el crecimiento. Las medidas en términos generales fueron: i) saneamiento fiscal; ii) liberalización del sistema financiero; iii) liberalización de los mercados de bienes y factores; y iv) apertura al comercio exterior.
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Acosta, Karina, Juliana Jaramillo-Echeverri, Daniel Lasso, and Alejandro Sarasti-Sierra. Informalidad municipal en Colombia. Banco de la República, June 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/dtseru.327.

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Se estima que más del 50% de la población laboral en Colombia pertenece al sector informal, un fenómeno persistente durante las últimas tres décadas. A pesar de la amplia literatura sobre la informalidad laboral y sus determinantes a nivel nacional o en las principales áreas urbanas, las tasas de informalidad municipales permanecen inexploradas en el país, debido a la falta de disponibilidad y calidad de los datos. En general, la información necesaria para medir la informalidad subnacional, ya sea a través del tamaño de la empresa, la afiliación al régimen contributivo o la existencia de un contrato escrito, es escasa o incompleta, lo que dificulta una estimación directa. En este trabajo se propone un ejercicio de medición para avanzar en el estudio de la informalidad en Colombia, estimando la informalidad laboral municipal entre 2005 y 2021. Los resultados muestran que, aunque la informalidad es persistentemente alta, está fuertemente concentrada. Además, se observa que, aunque la informalidad cayó paulatinamente entre 2005 y 2016 en todos los municipios, aquellos con tasas de informalidad más altas experimentaron un retroceso en estas ganancias en 2021.
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Bocarejo, Diana, Marcelo Drouet Arias, Gregory Elacqua, Carolina Méndez, and Magali Ramos. ¿Cómo reclutar mejores docentes para las escuelas interculturales bilingües?: lecciones del concurso Quiero Ser Maestro en Ecuador. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004428.

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La Educación Intercultural Bilingüe (EIB) ha presentado grandes avances atendiendo las necesidades educativas de los pueblos y nacionalidades indígenas en los distintos países de la región. Sin embargo, pese a estos logros históricos, los sistemas educativos interculturales bilingües aún presentan importantes problemas estructurales, principalmente relacionados con bajas tasas de asistencia y altas tasas de deserción con respecto a sus pares no indígenas. Las brechas de aprendizaje también son mayores, como demuestran los resultados de las pruebas estandarizadas aplicadas a los estudiantes de las escuelas interculturales bilingües. La dotación de docentes eficaces para las escuelas interculturales bilingües resulta clave para mejorar la calidad educativa de la población indígena y cerrar las brechas de aprendizajes de sus estudiantes. A pesar de esto, existen varias investigaciones que han demostrado que estas escuelas presentan mayor escasez de docentes y, además, son espacios de concentración de docentes menos calificados. Por lo tanto, es importante fortalecer los procesos de selección y asignación de docentes hacia las escuelas del sistema intercultural bilingüe, buscando atraer maestros eficaces, por medio de acciones transparentes y equitativas. Con esta intención, Ecuador ha desarrollado el concurso “Quiero Ser Maestro Intercultural Bilingüe (QSMIB)”, diseñado exclusivamente para atender la escasez de docentes que presentan las instituciones educativas pertenecientes a los pueblos y nacionalidades indígenas del país. Este informe describe y analiza el desarrollo del concurso y presenta las principales ventajas y retos que ha enfrentado en su implementación. Por un lado, el QSMIB ha supuesto importantes avances relacionados con la certificación del conocimiento de la lengua ancestral por parte de los participantes, la adaptación de instrumentos de evaluación a los currículos propios del sistema de educación intercultural bilingüe y la focalización exclusiva en las vacantes de docentes para las instituciones de los pueblos y nacionalidades indígenas. Sin embargo, también se han revelado oportunidades para incorporar estrategias de mejora de cara a futuras convocatorias, con acciones orientadas a impulsar la formación asertiva de los aspirantes frente al fortalecimiento de sus lenguas ancestrales, a profundizar el aprendizaje de los contenidos del modelo de educación intercultural bilingüe, a adaptar mejor el diseño de los instrumentos de evaluación a los contextos de las nacionalidades indígenas y a promover la asignación oportuna de los docentes indígenas en sus propios contextos culturales y sociales.
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9

Bonilla, Leonardo, Catalina Granda, Luz Adriana Flórez, Didier Hermida, Francisco Lasso, and Leonardo Fabio Morales. Pérdida de dinamismo en la ocupación y el impacto del programa de certificación de habilidades del SENA. Edited by Leonardo Fabio Morales. Banco de la República, February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rml.29.

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De acuerdo con los datos de la Gran encuesta integrada de hogares (GEIH), entre noviembre de 2022 y de 2023 el empleo del agregado nacional creció en un 2,8 %. Sin embargo, las series en trimestre móvil muestran en el margen una contracción de alrededor del 1,5 % en la población ocupada entre agosto y noviembre. Esta caída del empleo, en términos trimestrales, se explica por un menor dinamismo en el dominio de otras cabeceras y el área rural. Entre tanto, el empleo en el área urbana se mantuvo relativamente estable. La tasa de ocupación (TO) se contrajo en las otras cabeceras y el área rural entre agosto y noviembre en 1,6 puntos porcentuales (pp), hasta ubicarse en un 55,7 %. Lo anterior jalonó a la baja la TO del agregado nacional, la cual se ubicó en el 57,5 %. La dinámica del segmento asalariado a partir de las encuestas a hogares es consistente con otras fuentes de información de empleo asalariado y formal, como los registros administrativos de la planilla integrada de liquidación de aportes (PILA) de cotizantes al sistema de salud, la cual muestra que este segmento ha dejado de crecer en los últimos meses. Los sectores que más han contribuido a la dinámica del empleo en términos anuales son transporte y comunicaciones, y administración pública, salud y educación. Sin embargo, en el margen se aprecia una contribución negativa de la mayoría de ramas de actividad a la variación trimestral del empleo. La estabilidad del segmento formal del empleo es corroborada por los índices de vacantes, los cuales dejaron de crecer en todas las fuentes de información, aunque se mantienen en niveles altos, en comparación con su historia reciente. Adicionalmente, las expectativas de contratación de corto plazo de la Encuesta trimestral de expectativas del Banco de la República sugieren un balance negativo de la expectativa de ampliación de la planta de personal. Por otro lado, y consistente con una menor dinámica de la demanda laboral en el área rural, la población fuera de la fuerza laboral en este dominio ha crecido en los últimos meses, lo que jalona hacia abajo la tasa global de participación (TGP) en el agregado nacional en el último trimestre A pesar de que la tasa de desempleo (TD) muestra reducciones anuales en todos los dominios, el desempleo ha empezado a presentar incrementos moderados en los últimos meses, acordes con la desaceleración en la actividad económica durante 2023. Este deterioro ha sido más marcado en las áreas rurales que en el área urbana; en este último dominio la TD dejó de decrecer en el último trimestre, pero aún se mantienen en niveles bajos. Lo anterior, sumando al nivel alto en el cual se estabilizó la tasa de vacantes, sugiere que el mercado laboral continúa estrecho. Para 2024 se espera que la TD nacional se ubique entre el 9,3 % y el 12,4 %, con un 10,8 % como valor más probable, lo que implica un incremento moderado de la TD a lo largo de 2024. Estas previsiones señalan un mercado laboral aún apretado, que durante 2024 se estaría moviendo hacia una zona neutral, en la que las presiones inflacionarias desde el mercado laboral se disiparían. Los pronósticos de la TD y la estimación de la non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment (Nairu), sugieren que la brecha del desempleo continuaría cerrándose en 2024 y no resultaría estadísticamente diferente de cero a partir del segundo trimestre del año. Los ingresos laborales tanto de trabajadores asalariados como cuenta propia registraron crecimientos anuales reales en lo corrido de 2023. En el caso del segmento asalariado, la indexación de los salarios está altamente relacionada con el aumento del salario mínimo. Como es usual, este reporte se divide en dos secciones. En la primera se profundiza en detalle en los hechos coyunturales del mercado laboral. En la segunda, se analiza el impacto del programa de certificación de competencias laborales del SENA sobre los ingresos laborales; este tipo de programas es conocido en la literatura como señalización de habilidades, ya que permite que los trabajadores cuenten con un respaldo formal de sus conocimientos frente a los empleadores. Utilizando técnicas econométricas se encuentra que obtener un certificado en habilidades avanzadas tiene un impacto positivo y significativo sobre los ingresos laborales de alrededor del 9,7%.
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10

Barreix, Alberto, and Fernando Velayos. Incentivos tributarios, compromisos internacionales y suficiencia recaudatoria: Otra trilogía imposible. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003231.

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Los países de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) utilizan la reducción de la tasa de impuesto a la renta empresarial (IRE) para promover la inversión y, a su vez, este incentivo debe cumplir con la condición de no discriminar entre operaciones de exportación y aquellas destinadas a todo el mercado local, según los compromisos contraídos con la de la Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC) y el proyecto de Erosión de la Base Imponible y Traslado de Beneficios (BEPS, por sus siglas en inglés). Así se posibilita un importante arbitraje tributario cuando las empresas con incentivos en la tasa de renta empresarial venden con sobreprecios a firmas sujetas a tasa normal en el mercado local, trasvasando rentas a las firmas beneficiadas desde las del régimen general. Esto tiene impactos negativos significativos y crecientes en términos de recaudación y equidad entre firmas bonificadas y las del régimen general en el mismo ramo, especialmente en los servicios cuyo crecimiento es notorio (como los digitales o de telecomunicación). Para morigerar este arbitraje será necesario aplicar algunas opciones prácticas, como las que se presentan más adelante, que hagan viable la bonificación tributaria en la tasa del impuesto como herramienta de políticas, sean compatibles con dichos acuerdos internacionales y reduzcan las pérdidas de recaudación. Adicionalmente, se incluyen cuadros con el resumen de los principales regímenes de incentivos tributarios y de la revisión por los pares de los posibles regímenes fiscales perniciosos en América Latina (Acción 5 de BEPS).
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