Academic literature on the topic 'Task Structural Response Scale'
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Journal articles on the topic "Task Structural Response Scale"
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Koňas, Petr, and Eva Přemyslovská. "General model of wood in typical coupled tasks, Part II. – Weak solution." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 56, no. 4 (2008): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200856040103.
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The main aim of this work is focused on weak solution of coupled physical task the microwave drying of wood with stress-strain effects and moisture/temperature dependency. Due to well known weak solution for separated physical fields without coupled effect, author concerns with coupled stress-strain relation coupled with moisture and temperature distribution. For scale dependency the subgrid upscaling method was used. Solved region is assumed to be divided into discontinual subregions according to investigated scale. This approach sugests sequential type of solution for highly coupled task. This way, very huge structures (huge according to geometry and also physics) can be solved in reasonable time and with memory consumptions. Main emphasis was putted on evaluation of structural response of the whole complex. Due to influence of moisture, temperature and time the coupled physical task of structural response is solved. Sugested aproach is of course usable not only for structural response, but for other physical fields, which were taken into account. Weak solution is based on slightly modified Ritz-Galerkin method. The work is continuing of the previous article General model of wood in typical coupled tasks: Part I. – Phenomenological approach.
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Papadrakakis, M., N. D. Lagaros, and V. Plevris. "Structural optimization considering the probabilistic system response." Theoretical and Applied Mechanics 31, no. 3-4 (2004): 361–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tam0404361p.
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In engineering problems, the randomness and uncertainties are inherent and the scatter of structural parameters from their nominal ideal values is unavoidable. In Reliability Based Design Optimization (RBDO) and Robust Design Optimization (RDO) the uncertainties play a dominant role in the formulation of the structural optimization problem. In an RBDO problem additional non deterministic constraint functions are considered while an RDO formulation leads to designs with a state of robustness, so that their performance is the least sensitive to the variability of the uncertain variables. In the first part of this study a metamodel assisted RBDO methodology is examined for large scale structural systems. In the second part an RDO structural problem is considered. The task of robust design optimization of structures is formulated as a multi-criteria optimization problem, in which the design variables of the optimization problem, together with other design parameters such as the modulus of elasticity and the yield stress are considered as random variables with a mean value equal to their nominal value. .
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Zapała, Dariusz, Emilia Zabielska-Mendyk, Andrzej Cudo, Marta Jaśkiewicz, Marcin Kwiatkowski, and Agnieszka Kwiatkowska. "The Role of Motor Imagery in Predicting Motor Skills in Young Male Soccer Players." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12 (June 10, 2021): 6316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126316.
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The study aimed to find out whether the imagery ability within the two subcomponents of motor imagery (visual and kinesthetic) allows predicting the results in simple response time task and eye–hand coordination task in a group of young male soccer players (9–15 years old). Non-specific simple response time and eye–hand coordination play a key role in predicting specific sports performance level. Participants performed Reaction Time Task, Eye–Hand Coordination Task, and completed Motor Imagery Questionnaire–Revised. Data were submitted to the structural equations analysis based on the maximum likelihood method in order to estimate a structural model of relationship between variables. Results indicate visual rather than kinesthetic motor imagery is associated with non-specific motor skills. Higher scores on the visual motor imagery scale were observed to correlate with faster reaction times and better coordination in the study group. This supports the idea that during learning a new perceptual-motor-task the visual control is required. Results provide the evidence for the specific role of the third-person perspective imagery in young athletes playing soccer.
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Ou, Yaowen, Eleni N. Chatzi, Vasilis K. Dertimanis, and Minas D. Spiridonakos. "Vibration-based experimental damage detection of a small-scale wind turbine blade." Structural Health Monitoring 16, no. 1 (September 24, 2016): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475921716663876.
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Structural health monitoring offers an attractive tool for condition assessment, fault prognosis and life-cycle management of wind turbine components. However, owing to the intense loading conditions, geometrical nonlinearities, complex material properties and the lack of real-time information on induced structural response, damage detection and characterization of structural components comprise a challenging task. This study is focused on the problem of damage detection for a small-scale wind turbine (Sonkyo Energy Windspot 3.5 kW) experimental blade. To this end, the blade is dynamically tested in both its nominal (healthy) condition and for artificially induced damage of varying types and intensities. The response is monitored via a set of accelerometers; the acquired signals serve for damage detection via the use of appropriate statistical and modal damage detection methods. The former rely on extraction of a characteristic statistical quantity and establishment of an associated statistical hypothesis test, while the latter rely on tracking of damage-sensitive variations of modal properties. The results indicate that statistical-based methods outperform modal-based ones, succeeding in the detection of induced damage, even at low levels.
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Sadhu, Ayan, Sandeep Sony, and Peter Friesen. "Evaluation of progressive damage in structures using tensor decomposition-based wavelet analysis." Journal of Vibration and Control 25, no. 19-20 (July 11, 2019): 2595–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546319861878.
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Effective monitoring and retrofitting of large-scale infrastructure subjected to natural hazards such as strong wind, severe earthquakes or man-made excitation are critical to ensure structural integrity and prevent any premature failure. With the aid of structural health monitoring, it is now possible to acquire rich vibration data, estimate the hidden structural information, and evaluate the existing structural performance. The nonstationary component of vibration response resulting from natural hazards poses difficulty in analysis using traditional modal identification methods that are based on the stationarity assumption of vibration response. Apart from the excitation-induced nonstationarity, inherent damages in the structure also cause frequency-dependent nonstationarity in the response. With such a combination of both amplitude and frequency-dependent nonstationary response, the modal identification becomes a significantly challenging task. In this paper, Cauchy continuous wavelet transform is integrated with the tensor decomposition to track time-varying characteristics of modal responses and detect any progressive damage. The proposed technique is validated using a suite of numerical studies as well as a laboratory experiment where the progressive damage is simulated in the members by heating them using a butane torch. Unlike detection of discrete damage, the proposed method is one of introductory approaches to assess progressive damage in structures.
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Attari, N. K. A., F. R. Rofooei, and Z. Waezi. "On nonlinear perturbation analysis of a structure carrying a circular cylindrical liquid tank under horizontal excitation." Journal of Vibration and Control 25, no. 5 (November 14, 2018): 1058–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546318810072.
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The lateral response of a single degree of freedom structural system containing a rigid circular cylindrical liquid tank under harmonic and earthquake excitations at a 1:2 autoparametric resonance case is considered. The governing nonlinear differential equations of motion for the combined system are solved by means of a multiple scales method considering the first three liquid sloshing modes (1,1), (0,1), and (2,1), under horizontal excitation. The fixed points of the gyroscopic type of governing differential equations are determined and their stability is investigated employing the perturbation method. The obtained results reveal an increase in the stability region for a single-mode response with respect to the excitation amplitude. The saturation phenomenon is observed in the decoupled modes of the system; however, the structural mode and the first anti-symmetric mode of liquid are a combination of the saturated mode and another mode whose scale factor is crucial for the structural response. The results of perturbation analysis are in good agreement with results obtained from numerical methods.
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Yew, Guo Zheng, M. S. Liew, Mohd Shahir Liew, and Cheng Yee Ng. "System Identification of a Six-Legged Semisubmersible Subjected to Wave Loads through Frequency Domain Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 373-375 (August 2013): 770–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.373-375.770.
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Sea state conditions such as wind, wave and current vary in different ocean waters. Two similar offshore structures installed in two different ocean regions will yield different responses. Determining the transfer function of the structure is a system identification exercise that yields the structural response and behaviour given any sea state condition. The transfer function can be determined using available measured sea state data and structural response data. In this paper, a six-legged semisubmersible physical model is developed to a scale of 1:100 and is tested in a wave tank to measure its responses due to simulated random wave loads. The transfer functions of the semisubmersible model are then determined using the measured responses and the measured wave heights.
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Miller, Kimberly J., Courtney L. Pollock, Brenda Brouwer, and S. Jayne Garland. "Use of Rasch Analysis to Evaluate and Refine the Community Balance and Mobility Scale for Use in Ambulatory Community-Dwelling Adults Following Stroke." Physical Therapy 96, no. 10 (October 1, 2016): 1648–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20150423.
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AbstractBackgroundThe Community Balance and Mobility Scale (CB&M) is increasingly used to evaluate walking balance following stroke.ObjectiveThis study applied Rasch analysis to evaluate and refine the CB&M for use in ambulatory community-dwelling adults following stroke.MethodsThe CB&M content was linked to task demands and motor skill classifications. Rasch analysis was used to evaluate internal construct validity (structural validity) and refine the CB&M for use with ambulatory community-dwelling adults following stroke. The CB&M data were collected at 3 time points: at discharge from inpatient rehabilitation and at 6 and 12 months postdischarge (N=238). Rasch analysis evaluated scale dimensionality, item and person fit, item response bias, scoring hierarchy, and targeting. Disordered scoring hierarchy was resolved by collapsing scoring categories. Highly correlated and “misfitting” items were removed. Sensitivity to change was evaluated with standardized response means (SRMs) and one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance.ResultsThe CB&M was primarily linked to closed body transport task demands. Significant item-trait interaction, disordered scoring hierarchies, and multidimensionality were found. Scoring categories were collapsed in 15/19 items, and 5 misfitting items were removed. The resulting stroke-specific 14-item unidimensional CB&M (CB&MStroke) fit Rasch model expectations, with no item response bias, acceptable targeting (13% floor effects and 0% ceiling effects), and moderate-to-strong sensitivity to change at 6 months postdischarge (SRM=0.63; 95% confidence interval=−1.523, −0.142) and 12 months postdischarge (SRM=0.73; 95% confidence interval=−2.318, −0.760).LimitationsFindings are limited to a modest-sized sample of individuals with mild-to-moderate balance impairment following stroke.ConclusionsThe CB&MStroke shows promise as a clinical scale for measuring change in walking balance in ambulatory community-dwelling adults poststroke. Future studies are recommended in a larger sample to validate and further refine the scale for use in this clinical population.
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Savino, Pierclaudio, Francesco Tondolo, Donato Sabia, Antonino Quattrone, Fabio Biondini, Gianpaolo Rosati, Mattia Anghileri, and Bernardino Chiaia. "Large-Scale Experimental Static Testing on 50-Year-Old Prestressed Concrete Bridge Girders." Applied Sciences 13, no. 2 (January 7, 2023): 834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13020834.
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The heritage of existing road infrastructures and in particular of bridges consists of structures that are approaching or exceeding their designed service life. Detrimental causes such as aging, fatigue and deterioration processes other than variation in loading conditions introduce uncertainties that make structural assessment a challenging task. Experimental data on their performances are crucial for a proper calibration of numerical models able to predict their behavior and life-cycle structural performance. In this scenario, an experimental research program was established with the aim of investigating a set of 50-year-old prestressed concrete bridge girders that were recovered from a decommissioned bridge. The activities included initial non-destructive tests, and then full-scale load tests followed by a destructive test on the material samples. This paper reports the experimental results of the full-scale tests conducted on the first group of four I-beams assumed to be in good condition from visual inspection at the time of testing. Loading tests were performed using a specifically designed steel reaction frame and a test setup equipment, as detailed in the present work. Due to the structural response of this first group of girders, a uniform behavior was found at both service and ultimate conditions. The failure mechanism was characterized by the crushing of the cast-in-situ top slab corresponding to a limited deflection, highlighting a non-ductile behavior. The outcomes of the experimental research are expected to provide new data for the life-cycle safety assessment of existing bridges through an extended database of validated experimental tests and models.
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Adiyoso, Wignyo. "Assessing Governments’ Emergency Responses to the COVID-19 Outbreak Using a Social Network Analysis (SNA)." SAGE Open 12, no. 2 (April 2022): 215824402110711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211071101.
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One of the effective ways of preventing the spread of the COVID-19 outbreak is dependent on non-pharmaceutical interventions due to the absence of a vaccine against the virus. This study aims to assess organizational emergency responses to COVID-19 using a social network analysis (SNA) method via Gephi. The data were obtained from a weekly Indonesian magazine, TEMPO, which reported on the Indonesian government’s response to COVID-19 from early March to early April 2020. One hundred and fifty actors represent the nodes and 180 connections denoted as edges are explored and analyzed using the SNA tool. The study found that the emergency response to the pandemic consisted of less solid, non-traditional structural interactions, and that the head of the task force played a lesser role in the response to this outbreak. The content analysis revealed that the team members’ issues of concern included coordination, hoaxes and fake issues, instruction/consultation, social distancing, and the lack of testing equipment. The results of the study are expected to contribute to the literature on research on emergency responses to pandemics. The findings also contribute to the development of the design of organizational emergency policies in the contexts of large-scale pandemics.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Task Structural Response Scale"
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Walkden, Michael James Alexis. "Model wave impulse loads on caisson breakwaters : aeration, scale and structural response." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2579.
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The prediction of wave impact loads on prototype caisson breakwaters from the results of physical model tests is considered, with particular attention given to the effects of air, breaker shape, structural response and scale. A review of related literature is presented from which it is concluded that the different aspects of the problem may be related through the force impulse. Large scale soliton impacts are used to show the importance of entrapped air in determining the form of the load time history. Small scale waves with artificially high levels of entrained air and highly controlled drop impacts are used to show and quantify an inverse relationship between entrained air and impact load maxima. Specially developed aeration probes and analysis techniques are used to show the influence of entrapped air on pressure maxima and quantify entrained air levels in small scale fresh water breaking waves. A definition of the force impulse is proposed and used to investigate its variation with breaker shape. The impulse magnitude is shown to be relatively invariant for regular wave impacts compared to a large scatter in impulse form. A numerical model of caisson dynamics is used to predict structural motion and to calculate a series of dynamic amplification factors. The prediction of structural response to obtain effective static loads through the use of these factors is investigated and achieved through the adoption of an 'equivalent impulse' concept. The scatter in impulse form is found to cause large variations in effective static loads between nominally identical impact events. The equivalent impulse concept is used to solve this problem. A comparison is made between the form and magnitude of the force impulses of the small and large scale waves. The results indicate that the impulse magnitude may be relatively free of scale effects. An example is given in which the results of a small scale test are interpreted, scaled and processed to account for the effects of entrained air and structural response in order to predict large scale effective static loads. These are shown to compare well with predictions made using measured large scale force time histories and the numerical caisson model.
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ORLANDO, ANDREA. "Full-scale monitoring of the wind-induced response of vertical slender structures, with fixed and rotating masses." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1049839.
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Nowadays, structural monitoring is gaining more and more attention in the field of wind engineering. On the wake of these developments, the thesis develops and applies a comprehensive structural monitoring procedure tailored for the validation and investigation in full-scale of the wind-induced response of vertical slender structures, with fixed and rotating masses. All the main aspects of the monitoring practice are discussed, regarding the number, location and type of the sensors, the acquisition and the transmission of the full-scale data, as well as the management of the experimental database by following an encoded scheme. In addition, the thesis highlights a number of issues typical of the monitoring activity that are not addressed in literature, providing inspiration to solve them. The defined procedure finds application in two monitoring campaigns launched by the Wind Engineering group at the University of Genoa: one slender structure with fixed masses (a light tower) and one slender structure with rotating masses (a small vertical axis wind turbine). As regards the light tower, a reference calculation model of the wind-induced response of poles and towers is selected from literature and is validated in full-scale. The input parameters needed for the application of the model are identified from experimental surveys, intersecting wind tunnel tests and dynamic identification techniques. The results highlight the goodness of the selected model and the large uncertainties associated to the input parameters. As regards the wind turbine, the full-scale data are used to investigate the contribution of the rotating parts to the dynamic behavior. In addition, the fatigue damage of the supporting tower is calculated under stationary and non-stationary excitation due to wind, turbine rotation, emergency stop and start. The results highlight the importance of the detail modeling, the fundamental role played by the non-stationary conditions and the errors committed when using conventional models of the load.
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Carradine, David Marc. "Experiments on the Response of Arch-Supported Membrane Shelters to Snow and Wind Loading." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36626.
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For many years, inflatable structures and membrane enclosed structures have proved useful for a variety of purposes, such as athletic pavilions, exhibition spaces, coliseums, and kiosks. More recently, structures that combine highly pressurized inflatable arch members with light fabric membrane coverings have been considered for use as a variation of such structural systems. The United States Army has begun to investigate pressurized arch-supported membrane shelters that would be large, lightweight, and easily erected in a short amount of time. These shelters are proposed for a variety of purposes, including aircraft hangars, vehicle maintenance shelters, and medical aid stations.
The specific contribution of this study was the creation and testing of scale models
to obtain a better understanding of how these structures behave under wind and snow loading conditions. Three models were constructed, one at a scale of 1:100 and two at a scale of 1:50. The 1:100 scale model represented a proposed prototypical structure 200 ft long, 75 ft wide, and 50 ft tall, with multiple arches. Of the 1:50 scale models, one model represented a structure with the same dimensions as the 1:100 scale model and the other represented a single arch from one of the proposed prototypical structures. Both of the full structural models were wind and snow load tested. The single arch model was tested under full and partial snow loading. Data from the testing were collected, tabulated, and evaluated. The experimental results are discussed, conclusions are drawn, and recommendations for further research are presented.Master of Science
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Maurya, Abhilasha. "Experimental and Computational Investigation of a Self-Centering Beam Moment Frame (SCB-MF)." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/70866.
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In the past two decades, there have been significant advances in the development of self-centering (SC) seismic force resisting systems. However, examples of SC systems used in practice are limited due to unusual field construction practices, high initial cost premiums and deformation incompatibility with the gravity framing. A self-centering beam moment frame (SCB-MF) has been developed that virtually eliminates residual drifts and concentrates the majority of structural damage in replaceable fuse elements. The SCB consists of a I-shaped steel beam augmented with a restoring force mechanism attached to the bottom flange and can be shop fabricated. Additionally, the SCB has been designed to eliminate the deformation incompatibility associated with the self-centering mechanism.
The SCB-MF system is investigated and developed through analytical, computational, and experimental means. The first phase of the work involves the development of the SCB concepts and the experimental program on five two-thirds scale SCB specimens. Key parameters were varied to investigate their effect on global system hysteretic response and their effect on system components. These large-scale experiments validated the performance of the system, allowed the investigation of detailing and construction methods, provided information on the behavior of the individual components of the system. The experimental results also provided data to confirm and calibrate computational models that can capable of capturing the salient features of the SCB-MF response on global and component level.
As a part of the second phase, a set of archetype buildings was designed using the self-centering beam moment frame (SCB-MF) to conduct a non-linear response history study. The study was conducted on a set of 9 archetype buildings. Four, twelve and twenty story frames, each with three levels of self-centering ratios representing partial and fully self-centering systems, were subjected to 44 ground motions scaled to two hazard levels. This study evaluated the performance of SCB-MFs in multi-story structures and investigated the probabilities of reaching limit states for earthquake events with varying recurrence period.
The experimental and computational studies described in this dissertation demonstrate that the SCB-MF for steel-framed buildings can satisfy the performance goals of virtually eliminating residual drift and concentrating structural damage in replaceable fuses even during large earthquakes.Ph. D.
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Elgazzar, Hesham. "End-Shield Bridges for High-Speed Railway : Full scale dynamic testing and numerical simulations." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-204774.
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The increasing need for High-Speed Railway (HSR) to reduce the travelling time requires increasing research within this field. Bridges are main components of any railway network, including HSR networks, and the optimization of their design for this purpose would contribute to a faster and more cost effective development of the HSR network. The initial investment, the running and maintenance costs of the bridges can be decreased through better understanding of the their dynamic behaviour. This thesis studies the dynamic behaviour of end-shield railway bridges under HSR operation. 2D beam analysis is used to study the effect of the distribution of the train’s axle load. Relatively accurate 3D FE-models are developed to study the effect of Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) and the dynamic response of the bridges. Modelling alternatives are studied to develop an accurate model. A full scale test of a simply supported Bridge with end-shields using load-controlled forced excitation was performed and the results were used to verify the theoretical models. A manual model updating process of the material properties of the 3D FE-model is performed using FRFs from the field measurements. A Simple 2D model is also developed, where a spring/dashpot system is implemented to simplify SSI, and updated to reproduce the field measured responses. The conclusions of the project emphasize the importance of SSI effects in the dynamic analysis of end-shield bridges for predicting their dynamic behaviour. The conclusions also show that the modelling of the surrounding soil and the assumption of the soil material parameters have significant effect on the dynamic response. Even the boundary conditions, bedrock level and the ballast on the railway track affects the response. The results also show that the bridge’s concrete section behaves as uncracked section under the studied dynamic loading.QC 20170403
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Peixoto, Evandro Morais. "Desenvolvimento da segunda vers?o da escala diagn?stica adaptativa operacionalizada para atletas (EDAO-AR-A)." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2016. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/884.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Currently, a great part of researchers and applied sport psychology professionals have been showing an increased interest in adaptive processes presented by the athletes. This study aimed to develop the second version of Adaptive Efficacy Scale for Athletes (EDAO-AR-A), which evaluates the effectiveness of athletes? adaptation facing different sectors of the personality: Affective-Relational (A-R) and Productivity (Pr), as well as assessing its psychometric properties. The research developed in two steps: 1) theoretical stage: analysis of the original version, construction of new items; content analysis by independent judges (n = 4); and semantic analysis; and 2) empirical stage: evaluation of internal structure, accuracy of the parameters of the items and participants? characteristics, convergent/criterion validity evidence and establishing standards. And so, the research included two samples: sample 1, which was composed of 15 athletes (22.93 ? 4.74; 60% women), and sample 2, which was composed by 374 athletes (22.8 ? 7.7; 53.2% men). Instruments used: EDAO-AR-A, Coping Inventory for Athletes in Competition (ICASC-40), Sports Motivation Scale (EMS-28) and Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ). Different statistical procedures were employed in order to reach the stipulated goals: content validity coefficient (CVC) in order to assess the agreement among the judges; Parallel Exploratory Analysis and Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) for the internal structure evaluation. Categorical version of Cronbach's alpha coefficient estimate of accuracy; Partial credit model (PCM) for parameters estimation of the items, participants? characteristics, as well as setting standards with reference regarding the items; Pearson's correlation for the convergent/divergent validity evidence, and inference analysis ANOVA and MANOVA for the study of criterion validity. The results obtained in step 1 indicated suitability of items that made up the scale (CVC > 0.75) and intelligibility of the participants. The results obtained in step 2 demonstrated both subscales, A-R and Pr, evaluate the effectiveness of adaptation according to three factors: Focus on me, Focus on others and Focus on Problem Situation, with desirable accuracy and invariant factorial structure between men and women. The PCM revealed items with low effort for the studied sample and appropriate adjustments (Infit/Outfit). Correlations indicated significant associations between the variables studied, substantiating the theoretical perspectives. Analyses of variance indicated the scale?s sensibility in capturing differences between groups. Lastly, the standards were established based on the procedure of converting the total score in theta, which will allow the practical application of the obtained results. It is concluded that the second version of EDAO-air is a suitable measure of Adaptive efficacy in athletes, as the results corroborate with theoretical assumptions. Based on the limitations of this research, new studies are suggested.
Atualmente observa-se um crescente interesse por parte dos pesquisadores e profissionais pr?ticos da psicologia do esporte em rela??o aos processos adaptativos apresentados pelos atletas. Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver a segunda vers?o da Escala Diagn?stica Adaptativa para Atletas (EDAO-AR-A), que avalia a efic?cia da adapta??o de atletas frente aos diferentes setores da personalidade: Afetivo-Relacional (A-R) e Produtividade (Pr), bem como avaliar suas propriedades psicom?tricas. A pesquisa se desenvolveu em duas etapas: 1) etapa te?rica: an?lise da vers?o original, constru??o de novos itens; an?lise de conte?do por ju?zes independentes (n= 4); e an?lise sem?ntica; e 2) etapa emp?rica: avalia??o da estrutura interna, precis?o, dos par?metros dos itens e caracter?sticas dos participantes, de evid?ncias de validade convergente/divergente, crit?rio e estabelecimento de normas. Para tanto, a pesquisa contou com duas amostras: amostra 1, que foi composta por 15 atletas (22,93?4,74; 60% mulheres), e amostra 2, que foi composta por 374 atletas (22,8?7,7; 53,2% homens). Instrumentos utilizados: EDAO-AR-A, Invent?rio de Coping para Atletas em Situa??o de Competi??o (ICASC?40), Escala de motiva??o esportiva (EMS-28) e Question?rio de Ambiente de Grupo (GEQ). Diferentes procedimentos estat?sticos foram empregados tendo em vista cada um dos objetivos estipulados: coeficiente de validade de conte?do (CVC) para a avalia??o do acordo entre os ju?zes; a An?lise Paralela e Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) para avali??o da estrutura interna. Vers?o categ?rica do coeficiente alfa de Cronbach para estimativa da precis?o; Modelo de cr?ditos parciais (MCP) para estimativa dos par?metros dos itens, caracter?sticas dos participantes, bem como para estabelecimento de normas com refer?ncia nos itens; Correla??o de Pearson para estimativa de evid?ncias de validade convergente/divergente, e an?lises inferenciais MANOVA e ANOVA para evid?ncia de validade de crit?rio. Os resultados obtidos na etapa 1 indicaram adequa??o dos itens que compuseram a escala (CVC> 0,75) e inteligibilidade dos participantes. Os resultados obtidos na etapa 2 demonstram ambas as subescalas, A-R e Pr, avaliam a efic?cia de adapta??o de acordo com tr?s fatores: Foco no eu, Foco no outro e Foco na situa??o problema, com ?ndices desej?veis de precis?o e estrutura fatorial invariante entre homens e mulheres. O MCP revelou itens com dificuldade baixa para amostra estudada e ?ndices de ajustes adequados (Infit/Outfit). As correla??es indicaram associa??es significativas entre as vari?veis estudadas, corroborando com as perspectivas te?ricas. As an?lises de vari?ncia indicaram a sensibilidade da escala em captar diferen?as entre grupos. Por fim, foram estabelecidas as normas com base no procedimento de transforma??o da pontua??o total em theta, o que possibilitar? a aplica??o pr?tica dos resultados obtidos. Conclui-se que a segunda vers?o da EDAO-AR-A ? uma medida adequada da efic?cia adaptativa em atletas, uma vez que os resultados corroboram as hip?teses te?ricas. Com base nas limita??es da pesquisa novos estudos s?o sugeridos.
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Magalhaes, De Saldanha D. Pedro. "The power of suggestion: placebo, hypnosis, imaginative suggestion and attention." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209119.
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People have always been fascinated by the extent to which belief or will may influencebehavior. Proverbs, like “we tend to get what we expect,” and concepts, such as optimistic
thinking or self-fulfilling prophecy, reflect this intuition of an important link between one’s
dispositions and subsequent behavior. In other words, one’s predictions directly or
indirectly cause them to become true. In a similar manner, every culture, country or
religion has their own words for ‘expectation,’ ‘belief,’ ‘disappointment,’ ‘surprise,’ and
generally all have the same meaning: under uncertainty, what one expects or believes is the
most likely to happen. This relation between what caused a reaction in the past will
probably cause it again in the future might not be realistic. If the expected outcome is not
confirmed, it may result in a personal ‘disappointment’, and if the outcome fits no
expectations, it will be a ‘surprise’. Our brain is hardwired with this heuristic capacity of
learning the cause-effect relationship and to project its probability as the basis for much of
our behavior, as well as cognitions. This experience-based expectation is a form of
learning that helps the brain to bypass an exhaustive search in finding a satisfactory
solution. Expectations may thus be considered an innate theory of causality; that is, a set of
factors (causes) generating a given phenomenon (effects) influence the way we treat
incoming information but also the way we retrieve the stored information. These
expectancy templates may well represent one of the basic rules of how the brain processes
information, affecting the way we perceive the world, direct our attention and deal with
conflicting information. In fact, expectations have been shown to influence our judgments
and social interactions, along with our volition to individually decide and commit to a
particular course of action. However, people’s expectations may elicit the anticipation of
their own automatic reactions to various situations and behaviors cues, and can explain that
expecting to feel an increase in alertness after coffee consumption leads to experiencing
the consequent physiologic and behavioral states. We call this behavior-response
expectancy. This non-volitional form of expectation has been shown to influence
cognitions such as memory, pain, visual awareness, implicit learning and attention, through
the mediation of phenomena like placebo effects and hypnotic behaviors. Importantly,when talking about expectations, placebo and hypnosis, it is important to note that we are
also talking about suggestion and its modulating capability. In other words, suggestion has
the power to create response expectancies that activate automatic responses, which will, in
turn, influence cognition and behavior so as to shape them congruently with the expected
outcome. Accordingly, hypnotic inductions are a systematic manipulation of expectancy,
similar to placebo, and therefore they both work in a similar way. Considering such
assumptions, the major question we address in this PhD thesis is to know if these
expectancy-based mechanisms are capable of modulating more high-level information
processing such as cognitive conflict resolution, as is present in the well-known Stroop
task. In fact, in a recent series of studies, reduction or elimination of Stroop congruency
effects was obtained through suggestion and hypnotic induction. In this PhD thesis, it is
asked whether a suggestion reinforced by placebos, operating through response-expectancy
mechanisms, is able to induce a top-down cognitive modulation to overcome cognitive
conflict in the Stroop task, similar to those results found using suggestion and hypnosis
manipulation.
Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Friberg, Annika. "Interaktionskvalitet - hur mäts det?" Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20810.
Full textAbstract:
Den tekniska utvecklingen har lett till att massiva mängder av information sänds, i högahastigheter. Detta flöde måste vi lära oss att hantera. För att maximera nyttan av de nyateknikerna och undkomma de problem som detta enorma informationsflöde bär med sig, börinteraktionskvalitet studeras. Vi måste anpassa gränssnitt efter användaren eftersom denneinte har möjlighet att anpassa sig till, och sortera i för stora informationsmängder. Vi måsteutveckla system som gör människan mer effektiv vid användande av gränssnitt.För att anpassa gränssnitten efter användarens behov och begränsningar krävs kunskaperom den mänskliga kognitionen. När kognitiv belastning studeras är det viktigt att en såflexibel, lättillgänglig och icke-påträngande teknik som möjligt används för att få objektivamätresultat, samtidigt som pålitligheten är av största vikt. För att kunna designa gränssnittmed hög interaktionskvalitet krävs en teknik att utvärdera dessa. Målet med uppsatsen är attfastställa en mätmetod väl lämpad för mätning av interaktionskvalitet.För mätning av interaktionskvalitet rekommenderas en kombinering av subjektiva ochfysiologiska mätmetoder, detta innefattar en kombination av Functional near-infraredspecroscopy; en fysiologisk mätmetod som mäter hjärnaktiviteten med hjälp av ljuskällor ochdetektorer som fästs på frontalloben, Electrodermal activity; en fysiologisk mätmetod sommäter hjärnaktiviteten med hjälp av elektroder som fästs över skalpen och NASA task loadindex; en subjektiv, multidimensionell mätmetod som bygger på kortsortering och mäteruppfattad kognitiv belastning i en sammanhängande skala. Mätning med hjälp av dessametoder kan resultera i en ökad interaktionskvalitet i interaktiva, fysiska och digitalagränssnitt. En uppskattning av interaktionskvalitet kan bidra till att fel vid interaktionminimeras, vilket innebär en förbättring av användares upplevelse vid interaktion.Technical developments have led to the broadcasting of massive amounts of information, athigh velocities. We must learn to handle this flow. To maximize the benefits of newtechnologies and avoid the problems that this immense information flow brings, interactionquality should be studied. We must adjust interfaces to the user because the user does nothave the ability to adapt and sort overly large amounts of information. We must developsystems that make the human more efficient when using interfaces.To adjust the interfaces to the user needs and limitations, knowledge about humancognitive processes is required. When cognitive workload is studied it is important that aflexible, easily accessed and non assertive technique is used to get unbiased results. At thesame time reliability is of great importance. To design interfaces with high interaction quality,a technique to evaluate these is required. The aim of this paper is to establish a method that iswell suited for measurement of interaction quality.When measuring interaction quality, a combination of subjective and physiologicalmethods is recommended. This comprises a combination of Functional near-infraredspectroscopy; a physiological measurement which measures brain activity using light sourcesand detectors placed on the frontal lobe, Electrodermal activity; a physiological measurementwhich measures brain activity using electrodes placed over the scalp and NASA task loadindex; a subjective, multidimensional measurement based on card sorting and measures theindividual perceived cognitive workload on a continuum scale. Measuring with these methodscan result in an increase in interaction quality in interactive, physical and digital interfaces.An estimation of interaction quality can contribute to eliminate interaction errors, thusimproving the user’s interaction experience.
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Damdinsuren, Batnyam. "The Role of Financial Market in Macro Economic Modeling: Case of Mongolia." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-304463.
Full textAbstract:
- 4 - Abstract In this research we explored role of financial variables in macro modeling and their performance in case of Mongolia. We employed two different models for assessing performance of financial variables in macro modeling, structural VAR model and small scale macro model (SSMM). In doing so, we performed different analysis such as impulse response for seeing how financial variables fit into system and forecasting performance for how accurate model performs after introducing financial variables. So our result suggested that financial variables have substantial role on macro modeling and inclusion of financial variable is performing very good result in terms of forecasting in both models. JEL Classification C01, C51, C53, E12, E52, G17 Keywords Financial markets, Small scale macro model, Structural VAR, Impulse response, Mean absolute errors. Author's e-mail batnyamd@gmail.com Supervisor's e-mail roman.horvath@gmail.com
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Martins, João Paulo. "Compaction and its influence on the structural behaviour of high speed railways." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/19685.
Full textAbstract:
Doctoral thesis in Civil EngineeringImportant aspects that govern railway embankments, namely, high–speed railways are, on one hand, the strict requirements during construction (material quality, state parameters and mechanical properties limits) associated with generally relatively short construction time available and, on the other hand, the strict requirements on residual settlements concerning serviceability conditions, which are inherent to mechanical performance of embankment layers during and after construction. Therefore, performance based tests should play an important role through an integrated design process starting from site investigation, design, construction and maintenance. In this context, full scale trials assume great importance to establish a methodology either on the establishment of compaction conditions and on promoting continuous stiffness evaluation, aiming to meet high quality requirements and reduce construction time. This is developed through this study involving advanced laboratory and field investigations of different materials. A laboratory test campaign was performed on two materials, a clayey sand and a crushed aggregate employed in field investigation. Void ratio was fixed for each material and molding water content was varied in order to reproduce in situ state conditions. Strength and stiffness were determined by means of triaxial tests. Focus was given to hydro–mechanical behaviour on the very small and large strain domain of clayey sand due to non negligible fine fraction. Results showed marked influence of molding water content on the hydro–mechanical behaviour of both clayey sand and crushed aggregate, yet being stronger on the former material. Field investigation involved two full scale trials, a railway and a road trial embankments. In the railway trial embankment the same materials studied on the laboratory investigation were employed. Construction of trial layers with different thicknesses (0.22, 0.30, 0.40 and 0.50m) and different moisture contents (2% dry of optimum, optimum and 2% wet of optimum Modified Proctor) were carried out and state conditions and mechanical properties were evaluated for several energy levels. Focus was given to mechanical evaluation through spot and continuous test methods. Moisture content was found to strongly influences mechanical performance, rather than density, thus reflecting suction effect on mechanical properties. Comparison between laboratory and field results proofs results consistency. Further, continuous mechanical evaluation by means of Portancem` etre represents a great improvement on quality control/quality assurance (Qa/Qc) of compacted layers. In road trial embankment another two materials were employed, which laboratory investigation was conducted in the aim of another doctoral thesis. Construction of trial layers with different thicknesses (0.30, 0.40 and 0.50m) but with similar moisture contents were carried out and, likewise to railway trial embankment, state conditions and mechanical properties were evaluated for several energy levels. Moisture content was found have unnoticeable influence on moduli for the range of moisture content verified in situ. Conversely, dry density seems to influence mechanical properties, as long as moisture content does not vary significantly. Comparison between full scale trial and laboratory results yielded small differences. This results along with the ones obtained from railway trial embankment assumes great importance taking into account that design is based on mechanical properties usually determined from laboratory tests. Parallel to this study, an experimental program was carried out on road embankment to monitor, on one hand, layer in–ground vibrations during application of impact loads and vibrating loads and, on the other hand, to monitor roller drum roller during compaction seeking to explore the relationship between loads and underlying material mechanical properties. Accelerometers and strain gauges were buried on the capping layer enabling measurement of dynamic response and total strains. In–ground dynamic response reflect a single modulus, though different moduli obtained from dynamic tests performed at layer surface. Further, vertical drum behaviour was found to be sensitive to changes in underlying material stiffness and to be related with in–ground dynamic response.
Os aspectos importantes que governam os aterros ferroviários, nomeadamente linhas férreas de alta velocidade, são, por um lado, os elevados requisitos durante a construção (qualidade dos materiais, limites para as condições de estado e para as propriedades mecânicas) associadas a um tempo de construção reduzido e, por outro lado, os elevados requisitos relativos aos assentamentos residuais durante as condições de serviço, que são inerentes ao comportamento mecânico durante e após a construção. Assim, a avaliação mecânica através de ensaios mecanicistas deverá desempenhar um papel preponderante num processo que integra a prospeção, o projecto, a construção e a manutenção. Neste contexto os aterros experimentais assumem grande importância quer na definição das condições de compactação, quer na promoção do controlo de compactação em contínuo visando atingir os elevados requisitos de qualidade e a redução do tempo de construção. Tal é desenvolvido no presente estudo que envolve a investigação avançada em laboratório e em campo de diferentes materiais. A campanha de laboratório foi realizada sobre dois materiais, uma areia argilosa e um agregado britado, utilizados na investigação de campo. O ´índice de vazios foi fixado para cada material tendo-se feito variar o teor em água de modo a reproduzir as condições de estado em campo. Os parâmetros de resistência e de rigidez foram determinados através de ensaios triaxiais. Foi dado especial enfoque ao comportamento hidro–mecânico no domínio das muito pequenas e grandes deformações da areia argilosa devido à fracção fina não negligenciável. Os resultados obtidos mostram clara influência do teor em àgua no comportamento hidro–mecânico de ambos os materiais, sendo essa influência mais evidente na areia argilosa. O estudo de campo compreendeu dois aterros experimentais, um aterro ferroviário e um aterro rodoviário. Os mesmos materiais estudados em laboratório foram utilizados no aterro ferroviário. Procedeu-se `a construção de camadas experimentais com diferentes espessuras (0.22, 0.30, 0.40 and 0.50m) e diferentes teores em ´agua (2% do lado seco do ótimo, ótimo e 2% do lado húmido do ótimo em relação ao Proctor Modificado) e `a avaliação das condições de estado e do comportamento mecânico para vários n´níveis de energia. Especial enfoque foi dado `a avaliação mecânica através de ensaios pontuais e contínuos. Os resultados mostraram grande influência do teor em água, maior do que a influência da densidade, no comportamento mecânico dos materiais o que reflete o efeito da sucção nas propriedades mecânicas. A comparação entre os resultados de campo e de laboratório confirmou a consistência dos mesmos. Para além disso, concluiu-se que a avaliação mecânica em contínuo por meio da utilização do Portancemètre representa um progresso significativo no controlo/garantia de qualidade das camadas compactadas. O aterro experimental rodoviário envolveu a utilização de dois materiais, cujo estudo laboratorial foi desenvolvido no âmbito de outra tese doutoral. As camadas experimentais foram construídas com diferentes espessuras (0.30, 0.40 and 0.50m), mas com teores em ´agua semelhantes e, assim como para o aterro ferroviário, as condições de estado e o comportamento mecânico foram avaliados para vários n´níveis de energia. Para os teores em ´agua encontrados em campo verificou-se que o teor em ´agua teve pouca influência no módulo das camadas. Pelo contrário, a densidade seca parece influenciar as propriedades mecânicas, desde que não se verifique uma grande variação do teor em água. A comparação dos resultados de campo com os de laboratório mostraram pequenas diferenças. Na linha do concluído para o aterro experimental ferroviário, estes resultados assumem grande importância se se tiver em conta que o projecto tem por base as propriedades mecânicas dos materiais determinadas em laboratório. Paralelamente a este estudo, no aterro rodoviário realizou-se um programa experimental visando, por um lado, a monitorização de vibrações em profundidade durante a aplicação de cargas de impacto e visando, por outro lado, a monitorização do rolo do cilindro procurando explorar a relação entre as cargas aplicadas e as propriedades mecânicas. Acelerómetros e extensómetros foram instalados em profundidade na camada de leito de pavimento permitindo a medição da resposta dinâmica e das extensões totais. A resposta dinâmica em profundidade reflete um único módulo, apesar de diferentes módulos obtidos através dos ensaios dinâmicos realizados à superfície. Para além disso, verificou-se que o comportamento do rolo do cilindro é sensível à mudança de rigidez do material e que está relacionado com a resposta dinâmica em profundidade.
Books on the topic "Task Structural Response Scale"
1
Mehmet, Çelebi, Phan Long T. 1958-, National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Measurement of structural response characteristics of full-scale buildings: Selection of structures. Menlo Park, CA: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1991.
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2
A, Crivelli Luis, Roux F. X, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. A transient FETI methodology for large-scale parallel implicit computations in structural mechanics. Boulder, Colo: Center for Space Structures and Controls, College of Engineering, University of Colorado, 1992.
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3
Virendra, Kumar, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Probabilistic analysis of large-scale composite structures using the IPACS code. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.
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4
Liang, Percy, Michael Jordan, and Dan Klein. Probabilistic grammars and hierarchical Dirichlet processes. Edited by Anthony O'Hagan and Mike West. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198703174.013.27.
Full textAbstract:
This article focuses on the use of probabilistic context-free grammars (PCFGs) in natural language processing involving a large-scale natural language parsing task. It describes detailed, highly-structured Bayesian modelling in which model dimension and complexity responds naturally to observed data. The framework, termed hierarchical Dirichlet process probabilistic context-free grammar (HDP-PCFG), involves structured hierarchical Dirichlet process modelling and customized model fitting via variational methods to address the problem of syntactic parsing and the underlying problems of grammar induction and grammar refinement. The central object of study is the parse tree, which can be used to describe a substantial amount of the syntactic structure and relational semantics of natural language sentences. The article first provides an overview of the formal probabilistic specification of the HDP-PCFG, algorithms for posterior inference under the HDP-PCFG, and experiments on grammar learning run on the Wall Street Journal portion of the Penn Treebank.
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A transient FETI methodology for large-scale parallel implicit computations in structural mechanics: Progress report, part II. Boulder, Colo: College of Engineering, University of Colorado, 1993.
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6
Sanders, Matthew R., and Trevor G. Mazzucchelli, eds. The Power of Positive Parenting. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190629069.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
The single most important thing we can do as a society to positively transform the lives of children and prevent social, emotional, and behavioral problems and child maltreatment is to increase the knowledge, skills, and confidence of parents in the task of raising children at a whole-of-population level. This book provides an in-depth description of a comprehensive population-based approach to enhancing competent parenting known as the Triple P—Positive Parenting Program. Delivered as a multilevel system of intervention within a public health framework, Triple P represents a paradigm shift in how parenting support is provided. The Power of Positive Parenting is structured in eight sections that address every aspect of the Triple P system, including (a) the foundations and an overview of the approach; (b) how the system can be applied to a diverse range of child presentations; (c) the theoretical and practical issues involved in working with different types of parents and caregivers; (d) the importance of, and how parenting support can be provided in, a range of delivery contexts; (e) how the system can respond to and embrace cultural diversity of families everywhere; (f) the strategies needed to make large-scale, population-level implementation of the system succeed; (g) lessons learned from real-world applications of the full multilevel approach to parenting support at a population level; and (h) future directions and how further program development and innovation can be supported for this approach to reach its full potential in positively transforming the lives of all children, parents, and communities.
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Soriano-Mas, Carles, and Ben J. Harrison. Brain Functional Connectivity in OCD. Edited by Christopher Pittenger. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228163.003.0024.
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This chapter provides an overview of studies assessing alterations in brain functional connectivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) as assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Although most of the reviewed studies relate to the analysis of resting-state fMRI data, the chapter also reviews studies that have combined resting-state with structural or task-based approaches, as well as task-based studies in which the analysis of functional connectivity was reported. The main conclusions to be drawn from this review are that patients with OCD consistently demonstrate altered patterns of brain functional connectivity in large-scale “frontostriatal” and “default mode” networks, and that the heterogeneity of OCD symptoms is likely to partly arise via distinct modulatory influences on these networks by broader disturbances of affective, motivational, and regulatory systems. The variable nature of some findings across studies as well as the influence of medications on functional connectivity measures is also discussed.
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Konrad, Kerstin, Adriana Di Martino, and Yuta Aoki. Brain volumes and intrinsic brain connectivity in ADHD. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198739258.003.0006.
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Neuroimaging studies have increased our understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of ADHD. Structural brain imaging studies demonstrate widespread changes in brain volumes, in particular in frontal-striatal-cerebellar networks. Based on the widespread nature of structural and functional brain abnormalities, approaches able to capture the organizing principles of large-scale neural systems have been used in ADHD. These include diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and resting state functional MRI (R-fMRI). Complementary to findings of volumetric studies, diffusion investigations have reported structural connectivity abnormalities in frontal-striatal-cerebellar networks. In parallel, R-fMRI studies point towards abnormalities in the interaction of multiple networks, extending the functional territory of explorations beyond cognitive and motor control. In the future, a deep phenotypic characterization beyond diagnostic categories combined with longitudinal study designs and novel analytical approaches will accelerate the pace towards clinical translations of neuroimaging to improve the detection and prediction of neural trajectories and treatment response in ADHD.
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Manuel José Cepeda, Espinosa, and Landau David. Part Two Rights, 6 Social Rights. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780190640361.003.0006.
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This chapter looks at the Court’s extensive jurisprudence on social rights. The Colombian Constitution of 1991 contains a long list of social rights, however it was initially unclear to what extent they were justiciable. The Constitutional Court quickly established that they could be litigated in many circumstances, and has since developed case law reaching across many different domains. This chapter considers, for example, the Court interventions in the rights to health, housing, and water. It also reviews the Court’s response to the economic crisis of the late 1990s, in which it weighed the need for austerity against the rights of homeowners and civil servants. Finally, it looks at the Court’s major structural injunctions and ongoing supervision on certain large-scale public problems, including the rights of internally displaced persons and the structure of the healthcare system.
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Thaler, Gregory. The Twenty-First Century Agricultural Land Rush. Edited by Ronald J. Herring. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195397772.013.017.
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The 2007–2008 global food crisis has been followed by a rapid acceleration in large-scale agricultural land deals, which activists have labeled a “global land grab.” This chapter explores the origins of this twenty-first century agricultural land rush, its geography, and the responses it has engendered. The origins of the land rush are located in interlinked food, financial, and ecological crises that are indicative of fundamental shifts in the global political economy. In response to these crises, land grabbing represents an effort to reconstruct a stable political-economic order, both on the part of investment capital seeking to relaunch accumulation and on the part of political actors and companies seeking to secure stable supplies of food and energy. The geography of the land rush is analyzed through the interrelated variables of land availability, the structural position of a country in the global economy, and a country’s domestic institutional structure. Finally, the main theoretical positions in the debate over land deals are linked to distinct political responses. The real historical significance of the structural changes behind the agricultural land rush suggests that the implications of the land rush will be both durable and systemic.
Book chapters on the topic "Task Structural Response Scale"
1
Qi, Yue, Ruqing Zhong, Benjamin Kaiser, Long Nguyen, Hans Jakob Wagner, Alexander Verl, and Achim Menges. "Working with Uncertainties: An Adaptive Fabrication Workflow for Bamboo Structures." In Proceedings of the 2020 DigitalFUTURES, 265–79. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4400-6_25.
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AbstractThis paper presents and investigates a cyber-physical fabrication workflow, which can respond to the deviations between built- and designed form in real-time with vision augmentation. We apply this method for large scale structures built from natural bamboo poles. Raw bamboo poles obtain evolutionarily optimized fibrous layouts ideally suitable for lightweight and sustainable building construction. Nevertheless, their intrinsically imprecise geometries pose a challenge for reliable, automated construction processes. Despite recent digital advancements, building with bamboo poles is still a labor-intensive task and restricted to building typologies where accuracy is of minor importance. The integration of structural bamboo poles with other building layers is often limited by tolerance issues at the interfaces, especially for large scale structures where deviations accumulate incrementally. To address these challenges, an adaptive fabrication process is developed, in which existing deviations can be compensated by changing the geometry of subsequent joints to iteratively correct the pose of further elements. A vision-based sensing system is employed to three-dimensionally scan the bamboo elements before and during construction. Computer vision algorithms are used to process and interpret the sensory data. The updated conditions are streamed to the computational model which computes tailor-made bending stiff joint geometries that can then be directly fabricated on-the-fly. In this paper, we contextualize our research and investigate the performance domains of the proposed workflow through initial fabrication tests. Several application scenarios are further proposed for full scale vision-augmented bamboo construction systems.
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Meng, Fanzhong, Muammer Ozbek, Daniel J. Rixen, and Michel J. L. van Tooren. "Comparison of System Identification Techniques for Predicting Dynamic Properties of Large Scale Wind Turbines by Using the Simulated Time Response." In Structural Dynamics and Renewable Energy, Volume 1, 339–49. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9716-6_31.
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Carpinteri, Alberto. "Size-scale transition from ductile to brittle failure: structural response vs. crack growth resistance curve." In Current Trends in Concrete Fracture Research, 175–86. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3638-9_12.
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Hanson, Tor D., Audun Otteren, and Nils Sødahl. "Response calculation using an enhanced model for structural damping in flexible risers with full scale measurements." In Hydroelasticity in Marine Technology, 63–73. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203751503-8.
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Cammelli, S., H. Nguyen-Sinh, and J. García Navarro. "Full-Scale Measurements of the Structural Response of a 63-Storey Mixed-Use High-Rise Under Wind Loading." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 157–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12815-9_13.
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Chui, Wing-Yip, and Man-Tak Leung. "The Psychometric Properties of the Individual-Oriented Achievement Motivation Scale-Short Form (IOAMS-SF): By Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and Item Response Theory (IRT)." In Applied Psychology Readings, 229–48. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2796-3_15.
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Mohamed, H., D. W. Bao, and R. Snooks. "Super Composite: Carbon Fibre Infused 3D Printed Tectonics." In Proceedings of the 2020 DigitalFUTURES, 297–308. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4400-6_28.
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AbstractThis research posits an innovative process of embedding carbon fibre as the primary structure within large-scale polymer 3D printed intricate architectural forms. The design and technical implications of this research are explored and demonstrated through two proto-architectural projects, Cloud Affects and Unclear Cloud, developed by the RMIT Architecture Snooks Research Lab. These projects are designed through a tectonic approach that we describe as a super composite – an approach that creates a compression of tectonics through algorithmic self-organisation and advanced manufacturing. Framed within a critical view of the lineage of polymer 3D printing and high tech fibres in the field of architectural design, the research outlines the limitations of existing robotic processes employed in contemporary carbon fibre fabrication. In response, the paper proposes an approach we describe as Infused Fibre Reinforced Plastic (IFRP) as a novel fabrication method for intricate geometries. This method involves 3D printing of sacrificial formwork conduits within the skin of complex architectural forms that are infused with continuous carbon fibre structural elements. Through detailed observation and critical review of Cloud Affects and Unclear Cloud (Fig. 2), the paper assesses innovations and challenges of this research in areas including printing, detailing, structural analysis and FEA modelling. The paper notes how these techniques have been refined through the iterative design of the two projects, including the development of fibre distribution mapping to optimise the structural performance.
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Schmucker, Robin, Nimish Pachapurkar, Shanmuga Bala, Miral Shah, and Tom Mitchell. "Learning to Give Useful Hints: Assistance Action Evaluation and Policy Improvements." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 383–98. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42682-7_26.
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AbstractWe describe a fielded online tutoring system that learns which of several candidate assistance actions (e.g., one of multiple hints) to provide to students when they answer a practice question incorrectly. The system learns, from large-scale data of prior students, which assistance action to give for each of thousands of questions, to maximize measures of student learning outcomes. Using data from over 190,000 students in an online Biology course, we quantify the impact of different assistance actions for each question on a variety of outcomes (e.g., response correctness, practice completion), framing the machine learning task as a multi-armed bandit problem. We study relationships among different measures of learning outcomes, leading us to design an algorithm that for each question decides on the most suitable assistance policy training objective to optimize central target measures. We evaluate the trained policy for providing assistance actions, comparing it to a randomized assistance policy in live use with over 20,000 students, showing significant improvements resulting from the system’s ability to learn to teach better based on data from earlier students in the course. We discuss our design process and challenges we faced when fielding data-driven technology, providing insights to designers of future learning systems.
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Frønes, Tove Stjern, Andreas Pettersen, Jelena Radišić, and Nils Buchholtz. "Equity, Equality and Diversity in the Nordic Model of Education—Contributions from Large-Scale Studies." In Equity, Equality and Diversity in the Nordic Model of Education, 1–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61648-9_1.
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AbstractIn education, the ‘Nordic model’ refers to the similarities and shared aims of the education systems developed in the five Nordic countries—Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Sweden and Norway—after World War II. Traditionally, there have always been many similarities and links between the Nordic countries through their historical connections and geographical proximity. The common experience of solidarity and political oppression during World War II also created the basis for a common political orientation in the postwar period, which was also reflected in the education systems during the development of the countries’ economies and their establishment of welfare states. At the same time, this very process has been strongly supported by social-democratic governance in these countries in the 1960s and 1970s (Blossing, Imsen, & Moos, 2014). The model is based on a concept ofEducation for All, where equity, equal opportunities and inclusion are consistently cited as the goal of schooling and orientation (Blossing et al., 2014; Telhaug, Mediås, & Aasen, 2006). This corresponds to the egalitarian idea of a classless society, which is characterised by individual democratic participation, solidarity and mutual respect and appreciation for all. This idea was manifested in, for example, major reallocations of economic resources through the tax systems and free schooling for all, which arose out of the principle that parents’ lack of economic resources should not prevent children from obtaining a good quality education. The equalisation of structural inequalities and creation of equity was—and still is—the task of the education system in the Nordic countries. Worldwide, especially within the Nordic countries, the view is being shared that the education system should be fair and provide access and opportunities for further education, regardless of where someone lives, the status of the parental home, where someone comes from, what ethnic background someone has, what age or gender someone is, what skills one has or whether someone has physical disabilities (Blossing et al., 2014; Quaiser-Pohl, 2013). Some special features of the Nordic system are therefore deeply embedded in the school culture in the countries, for example, through the fact that access to free and public local schools and adapted education is statutory, which is in contrast to many other countries, even other European ones (further developed and discussed in Chap.10.1007/978-3-030-61648-9_2). The Nordic model is widely considered a good example of educational systems that provide equal learning opportunities for all students. Achieving equity, here meaning the creation of fairness, is expressed concretely in political measures to distribute resources equally and strengthen the equality of marginalised groups by removing the barriers to seize educational opportunities, for example, when mixed-ability comprehensive schools are created or the educational system is made inclusive regarding students with special needs (UNESCO, 1994; Wiborg, 2009). Equality is roughly connoted with ‘sameness in treatment’ (Espinoza, 2007), while equity takes further in consideration also the question of how well the requirements of individual needs are met. Thus, the goal of equity is always linked to the concept of justice, provided that an equality of opportunities is created. If, however, one looks at individual educational policy decisions on the creation of educational justice in isolation, one must weigh which concept of equity or equality is present in each case. For example, it is not enough to formally grant equal rights in the education system to disadvantaged groups, but something must also be done actively to ensure that marginalised groups can use and realise this equality. The complexity of the terms becomes even greater when one considers that to achieve equality, measures can be taken that presuppose an unequal distribution of resources or unequal treatment and, therefore, are not fair e.g., when resources are bundled especially for disadvantaged groups and these are given preferential treatment (will be further developed and discussed in Chap.10.1007/978-3-030-61648-9_2). Thus, equality and equity rely on each other and are in a field of tension comprising multiple ideas (Espinoza, 2007).
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Falk Erhag, Hanna. "Good Self-Rated Health as an Indicator of Personal Capability in Old Age." In International Perspectives on Aging, 51–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78063-0_5.
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AbstractSelf-rated health, or self-assessed health, is based on asking individuals to evaluate their general health status on a four- or five-point scale, with response options ranging from ‘very good’ to ‘very poor’. This simple question has been one of the most frequently used health indicators for decades. In nursing research, the voices, interpretations and understanding of humans, as well as their ability to shape their experiences, are studied through the collection and analysis of primarily qualitative materials that are subjective and narrative in nature. However, knowledge about subjective experiences of health and illness, situated and filtered through the life-world of the individual, can also be sought using other approaches. The aim of this chapter is twofold. Firstly, it aims to outline perspectives on how epidemiology and population-based studies of self-rated health as an indicator of subjective experiences can generate new evidence to solve nursing problems and expand nursing knowledge. Secondly, based on the hypothesis that there is an association between good self-rated health and a person’s capability to master the gains and losses of late life, the chapter also aims to describe how personal capability can be operationalised as self-rated health, given that this seemingly simple question delegates to the individual the task of synthesising, in a single evaluation, the many dimensions that make up the complex concept of health and wellbeing in old age. Although a person’s capabilities are dependent on a large variety of factors, at the individual level, symptom experience, chronic illnesses and functional disability are paramount. Therefore, in this chapter, the focus will be on self-rated health as an indicator of personal capability in the fourth age – the period of late life characterised by illness, frailty, impairment and dependence on others. To study self-rated health during this period of life is especially interesting in that the discrepancy between subjective and objective health seems to increase with age, and older olds tend to rate their health as better than younger olds given the same level of disease and functioning.
Conference papers on the topic "Task Structural Response Scale"
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Mravak, Zoran, Je´roˆme de Lauzon, Yun-Suk Chung, Louis Diebold, and Eric Baudin. "Strength Assessment of Membrane LNG Tank Structure Based on Direct Calculation of Structural Response." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79956.
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Expanding LNG market reinforces the demand for new concepts of LNG transportation. Membrane LNG vessel design widely applied until now, encounters new challenges due to requirement for larger vessel’s capacities and more flexible operation in partially filled conditions. Present assessment procedures of LNG tank structure usually combine small scale sloshing loads measurement and containment system structural strength assessment, on a comparative base for the reference and target vessels. For the new LNG design, more rational methods become essential in the assessment procedure. Some improvements in the strength assessment procedure of membrane LNG tank structure is presented in this paper, combining small scale sloshing load measurements with direct FEM calculation of structural response. The complexity of problem is the consequence of: stochastic nature of impulsive sloshing loads, material used for the cargo containment system at cryogenic temperature and strong hydro-elastic interaction during impacts. Disadvantages of small scale testing and limits of today’s numerical methods require that further in the future certain simplifications and assumptions should remain. In the paper, method for the design loads selection from the small scale sloshing measurements is described and discussed. The impulse, transferred over the corresponding impacted surface, is the base for the comparison of successive violent sloshing loads. The stochastic nature and statistics of measured loads are discussed. The structural analysis of LNG tank structure under selected design sloshing loads, using on-linear and time-dependant explicit FE calculations, is described. This paper presents Bureau Veritas recent developments and their applications in the field of sloshing assessment.
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Guo, Zhongheng, Lingyu Sun, Taikun Wang, Junmin Du, Han Li, and Yi Cheng. "Scaling Effect on Dynamic Impact Response of Structures in Fluid Fields." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62931.
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At the conceptual design phase of a large-scale underwater structure, a small-scale model in a water tank is often used for the experimental verification of kinematic principles and structural safety. However, a general scaling law for structure-fluid interaction (FSI) problems has not been established. In the present paper, the scaling laws for three typical FSI problems under the water, rigid body moves at a given kinematic equation or is driven by time-dependent fluids with given initial condition, as well as elastic-plastic body moves and then deforms subject to underwater impact loads, are investigated, respectively. First, the power laws for these three types of FSI problems were derived by dimensional analysis method. Then, the laws for the first two types were verified by numerical simulation. In addition, a multipurpose small-scale water sink test device was developed for numerical model updating. For the third type of problem, the dimensional analysis is no longer suitable due to its limitation on identifying the fluid pressure and structural stress, a simulation-based procedure for dynamics evaluation of large-scale structure was provided. The results show that, for some complex FSI problems, if small-scale prototype is tested safely, it doesn’t mean the full-scale product is also safe if both their pressure and stress are the main concerns, it needs further demonstration, at least by numerical simulation.
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Ringsberg, Jonas W., André Liljegren, and Ola Lindahl. "Sloshing Impact Response in LNG Membrane Carriers: A Response Analysis of the Hull Structure Supporting the Membrane Tanks." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54067.
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This study presents the determination of structural response due to sloshing impact loads in LNG carriers with membrane type cargo tanks. These loads are characterized by very short durations and are thus likely to inflict a dynamic amplification in the response of the hull. Finite element analyses are presented using a model representing parts of an LNG membrane tank. The objective was to find and quantify the dynamic amplification factor (DAF) for the structural response towards sloshing impact pressures. The influence of variations in the load characteristics such as load duration, extent of the loaded area, load location as well as the influence of the insulation system was evaluated. The study shows that the response in the studied region of the hull structure experiences significant levels of dynamic amplification during impact loads with specific durations. The response sensitivity analysis also shows that the insulation system (MARK III type) has a large effect on the dynamic behaviour of the hull structure. It has been found to alter the magnitude of the stress and deflection response for key structural members. It also changes the load time durations for which the maximum dynamic amplification occurs and increases the magnitude of the corresponding response DAF. Finally, it has been found that dynamic response gives DAF values of up to 2. The effects have been found to be present for temporal load characteristics commonly occurring in sloshing model tests and full-scale measurements and are therefore likely to occur for a vessel in operation.
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Liu, Weiqin, Songbo Wang, and Xuemin Song. "Experimental Research on Hydroelasto-Buckling Response of Ship Model in Extreme Wave by Changing Wave Length." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61844.
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Extreme wave used to damage ship structures in the ocean by generating buckling midship due to huge wave height. On the one hand, it is very costly to recreate a real ship test for the study of extreme wave conditions. On the other hand, it is difficult to carry out tests on a common scale model in tank waves, because such waves are too small to damage the ship model. Thus far, no method of simulation has been proposed to study this problem because the dynamic ultimate strength of the ship involves strong coupling between the nonlinearity in the ship structure and waves. Therefore, a hydroelasto-buckling experimental method is proposed to study the dynamic ultimate strength of the ship and dynamic course of collapse of the structure in this paper, the effect of extreme wave length on hydroelasto-buckling response is focused analysis. Here, a hydroelasto-buckling ship model is first designed, and a test program is determined. A buckling hinge that can collapse under the load of the tank wave is used to connect two ship girders with a hinge joint. Then, a number of extreme tank waves are generated by changing their wave length to simulate an extreme ocean wave. The dynamic rotation angle, bottom water press and acceleration at midship are measured in the experiment. Importantly, the relationship between structural response and wave length is analyzed. The structural response involves encountering the rotation deformation induced by the wave load and whipping the rotation deformation induced by natural structural oscillations.
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Xu, Yang, and Hui Li. "Structural Health Diagnosis Under Limited Supervision." In IABSE Congress, Nanjing 2022: Bridges and Structures: Connection, Integration and Harmonisation. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/nanjing.2022.1231.
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<p>Structural health diagnosis has been investigated following a data-driven machine learning paradigm. However, the model accuracy and generalization capability highly rely on the quality and diversity of datasets. This study established a framework for structural health diagnosis under limited supervision. Firstly, an image augmentation algorithm of random elastic deformation, a novel neural network with self-attention and subnet modules, and a task-aware few-shot meta learning method were proposed for vision-based damage recognition. Secondly, deep learning networks were established to model intra- and inter-class temporal and probabilistic correlations of different quasi-static responses for condition assessment. Finally, a two-stage convergence criterion merging with the subset simulation and Kriging surrogate model was designed for reliability evaluation. Real-world applications on large-scale infrastructure demonstrated the effectiveness.</p>
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Kaboudian, A., L. B. Tan, R. K. Jaiman, Y. Chen, and V. B. C. Tan. "Semi-Empirical VIV Analysis of Full-Scale Deepwater Composite Risers." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23529.
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A global-local analysis methodology based on fluid-structure coupling is used to investigate the mechanical responses of both composite and steel risers. Since the design of the riser system can be a daunting task, involving hundreds of load cases for global analysis, semi-empirical fluid load models are considered for the reduced order computations of full-scale riser models. The structural performance of composite risers under real sea current conditions is investigated systematically and discussed with regard to the practical concerns in full-scale settings. The failure envelops of internal liners are found to be within that of the composite layers, which reveals that the liner is the weakest link for composite riser design. Results show that the composite risers can be more prone to vortex-induced-vibration (VIV) due to their lower structural frequencies. In the present study, the composite riser yields 25.5% higher RMS strains than the steel riser. Placement of buoyancy modules along the riser may be critical for the design against VIV, and our results show that the modules are not recommended at the top region of the riser, especially if a top-sheared current is expected. Instead, it is preferable to implement them at the bottom-half portion of the riser and as a continuously buoyed region rather than short discrete buoys separated with gap spaces.
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Bachynski, Erin E., and Trygve Kristiansen. "Reproduction of Monopile Ringing Events in Reduced-Duration Model Tests." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61034.
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Monopile support structures for offshore wind turbines may experience ringing-type responses in steep wave conditions. In order to experimentally capture the statistical distribution of the hydrodynamic loads and structural responses, traditional practice is to generate many 3-hour (full scale) realizations of the relevant sea states. An experimental campaign at 1:48 scale was carried out in the Lilletanken wave tank at NTNU/MARINTEK in order to examine the possibility of using shorter time windows to recreate irregular wave ringing events. Wave elevations and hydrodynamic loads on a rigid vertical circular cylinder in 27 m water depth were measured for a variety of 3-hour, 450 s (7.5-minute), 800 s (13.3-minute), 1150 s (19.2-minute), and 1500 s (25-minute) wave realizations, where all durations are listed in full scale. Wavelet transformations and a single degree-of-freedom oscillator were used to investigate the magnitude and repeatability of the high-frequency content of the wave loads. Large variations in the repeatability were seen among events. On average, the repeatability in the ringing response was 4.2 % for 3-hour tests, while 13.3-minute tests reproduced the same events within 9.1 %. The maximum deviation was, nonetheless, much higher when only 13.3 minutes were used.
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Goudey, Clifford A. "Wave Basin Tests of a Novel Offshore Macroalgae Farming System." In SNAME 30th American Towing Tank Conference. SNAME, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/attc-2017-0006.
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Macroalgae cultivation in the ocean stands as a promising source of feedstock for biofuels and chemicals. It is particularly attractive because of the efficiency of these marine plants in converting sunlight into biomass and because this type of farming can be done without the risk of displacing land and freshwater from their essential role in feeding the human population. However, there are challenges to achieving this potential due to the limitations of present farming methods. In order to compete economically with land-based biomass production, the bioeconomics of seaweed farming must improve and the areas where it can be practiced must be expanded. Present methods of growing seaweeds are confined to narrow strips along the coasts that are both protected and sufficiently shallow. In order to meaningfully exploit the US Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), engineered systems must be developed for high-energy locations in deep water and at an unprecedented scale. This paper will present an innovative design for the farming seaweed in the open ocean and will describe a series of tests conducted at Ohmsett - The National Oil Spill Response Research & Renewable Energy Test Facility - in Leonardo, NJ. The facility was used for these tests because the capabilities matched well testing needs and because the facility uses seawater. Actual fronds of kelp were needed for testing in order to correlate their hydrodynamic characteristics with the scaled materials in 1/20th-scale testing of the structure that was the prime focus of the tests. The results on the resistance testing of single and multiple fronds of kelp will be reported as well as those for the model materials. The results of the tests on various structural models both in currents and in currents and waves will be presented. These tests allowed the measurement of system drag and loads internal to the structure. Accelerations were also measured to determine motions and to predict inertial loading. These tests have allowed us to more confidently design prototype systems that have the potential to revolutionize the domestic seaweed-farming sector.
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Navarro, Jose, Bosch Josep Lluis, Palacín María, Marina Solé, Rita Berger, David Leiva, Francesca Ceppi, and Júlia Castellano. "Teamwork: Assessment of teamwork competence in higher education." In Third International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head17.2017.5507.
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Teamwork is a competence highly demanded among workers and an academic field with an extensive specialized literature. Based on this knowledge that comes from the study of organizational behavior, this communication presents a model to understand teamwork in higher education settings. The theoretical model considers structural components (i.e., task interdependence and task uncertainty), processes (i.e., team development and team climate for learning) and results (i.e., team effectiveness). Moreover, an assessment tool (and attitude questionnaire with 42 items-Likert scale with a range from 1 to 7) is also presented to measure these critical components that can allow us to distinguish between effective and ineffective teams in higher education. First results of the application of these tools to 18 team students show good consistency values of the tools being able to distinguish among teams. Additionally, we propose a procedure to obtain aggregated measures per group from the members’ responses considering the degree of agreement among members.
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Cooreman, Steven, Dennis Van Hoecke, Martin Liebeherr, Philippe Thibaux, and Hervé Luccioni. "Advanced Constitutive Model for the Accurate Evaluation of the Structural Performance of Welded Pipes in Offshore Applications." In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78574.
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To guarantee the structural integrity of oil and gas transporting pipelines, a detailed analysis of the pipe’s structural response has to be performed. This is of particular importance for offshore applications. As large scale testing is costly and time consuming, one often relies on FE (Finite Element) modelling to accomplish, at least, part of this task. Properties that typically need to be evaluated are compressive strain capacity, collapse resistance and ovalization during reel-lay installation. Furthermore, it can be assumed that those properties are influenced by the pipe forming process, as pipe forming will change the mechanical properties and the level of anisotropy and will modify/introduce residual stresses. Therefore, a first logical step is to simulate pipe forming before evaluating the pipe’s structural performance, to account for these effects. The reliability of FE simulations largely depends on the capability of the constitutive model to accurately describe the mechanical behaviour of the material being studied. Most commercial FE codes only offer combined kinematic-isotropic hardening models. Those models cannot capture the so-called cross-hardening effect and can therefore not predict the evolution of anisotropy during pipe forming. The present paper discusses the implementation and calibration of a more advanced constitutive model, more specifically the Levkovitch-Svendsen model, which accounts for isotropic, kinematic and distortional hardening. The model was implemented in Abaqus/Implicit through a UMAT user subroutine. An inverse modelling approach was applied to calibrate the constitutive model, whereby an extensive set of mechanical tests, involving cyclic tension-compression tests and tests with changing strain paths, was conducted. To assess the model’s performance, it was used in two case studies. The first study focused on the evolution of mechanical properties during spiral pipe forming. The results show that the Levkovitch-Svendsen model allows prediction of the properties in both the transverse and longitudinal direction on pipe. When applying a kinematic-isotropic hardening law only, the properties in the longitudinal direction are significantly underestimated. In the second study, different hardening models were used to predict the evolution of ovality during reel-lay installation. It was observed that the predictions made with the Levkovitch-Svendsen model were much closer to the experimental values than the results obtained by means of a kinematic-isotropic hardening model.
Reports on the topic "Task Structural Response Scale"
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Marshall, R. D., Long T. Phan, and M. Celebi. Measurement of structural response characteristics of full-scale buildings:. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.4511.
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Phan, Long T., Erik M. Hendrickson, and Richard D. Marshall. Measurement of structural response characteristics of full-scale buildings:. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.4782.
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Marshall, R. D., and T. Long Phan. Measurement of structural response characteristics of full-scale buildings:. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.4884.
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Chowdhury, Mostafiz R., Robert L. Hall, and Winston Glenn Davis. Flow-Induced Structural Response of a 1:5-Scale Olmsted Wicket Model. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada344604.
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Patel, Reena, David Thompson, Guillermo Riveros, Wayne Hodo, John Peters, and Felipe Acosta. Dimensional analysis of structural response in complex biological structures. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41082.
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The solution to many engineering problems is obtained through the combination of analytical, computational and experimental methods. In many cases, cost or size constraints limit testing of full-scale articles. Similitude allows observations made in the laboratory to be used to extrapolate the behavior to full-scale system by establishing relationships between the results obtained in a scaled experiment and those anticipated for the full-scale prototype. This paper describes the application of the Buckingham Pi theorem to develop a set of non-dimensional parameters that are appropriate for describing the problem of a distributed load applied to the rostrum of the paddlefish. This problem is of interest because previous research has demonstrated that the rostrum is a very efficient structural system. The ultimate goal is to estimate the response of a complex, bio-inspired structure based on the rostrum to blast load. The derived similitude laws are verified through a series of numerical experiments having a maximum error of 3.39%.
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Hochman, Ayala, Thomas Nash III, and Pamela Padgett. Physiological and Biochemical Characterization of the Effects of Oxidant Air Pollutants, Ozone and Gas-phase Nitric Acid, on Plants and Lichens for their Use as Early Warning Biomonitors of these Air Pollutants. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697115.bard.
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Introduction. Ozone and related oxidants are regarded as the most important phytotoxic air pollutant in many parts of the western world. A previously unrecognized component of smog, nitric acid, may have even greater deleterious effects on plants either by itself or by augmenting ozone injury. The effects of ozone on plants are well characterized with respect to structural and physiological changes, but very little is known about the biochemical changes in plants and lichens exposed to ozone and/or HNO3. Objectives.To compare and contrast the responses of crop plants and lichens to dry deposition of HNO3 and O3., separately, and combined in order to assess our working hypothesis that lichens respond to air pollution faster than plants. Lichens are most suitable for use as biomonitors because they offer a live-organism-based system that does not require maintenance and can be attached to any site, without the need for man-made technical support systems. Original Immediate aims To expose the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultivar Bel-W3 that is ozone supersensitive and the ozone sensitive red kidney bean (Phaseolusvulgaris) and the lichen Ramalinamenziesii to controlled HNO3 and O3 fumigations and combined and to follow the resulting structural, physiological and biochemical changes, with special reference to reactive oxygen species related parameters. Revised. Due to technical problems and time limitations we studied the lichen Ramalinamenziesii and two cultivar of tobacco: Bel-W3 that is ozone supersensitive and a resistant cultivar, which were exposed to HNO3 and O3 alone (not combined). Methodology. Plants and lichens were exposed in fumigation experiments to HNO3 and O3, in constantly stirred tank reactors and the resulting structural, physiological and biochemical changes were analyzed. Results. Lichens. Exposure of Ramalinamenziesiito HNO3 resulted in cell membrane damage that was evident by 14 days and continues to worsen by 28 days. Chlorophyll, photosynthesis and respiration all declined significantly in HNO3 treatments, with the toxic effects increasing with dosage. In contrast, O3 fumigations of R. menziesii showed no significant negative effects with no differences in the above response variables between high, moderate and low levels of fumigations. There was a gradual decrease in catalase activity with increased levels of HNO3. The activity of glutathione reductase dropped to 20% in thalli exposed to low HNO3 but increased with its increase. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity increase by 20% with low levels of the pollutants but decreased with its increase. Tobacco. After 3 weeks of exposure of the sensitive tobacco cultivar to ozone there were visible symptoms of toxicity, but no danmage was evident in the tolerant cultivar. Neither cultivar showed any visible symptoms after exposure to HNO3.In tobacco fumigated with O3, there was a significant decrease in maximum photosynthetic CO2 assimilation and stomatal conductance at high levels of the pollutant, while changes in mesophyll conductance were not significant. However, under HNO3 fumigation there was a significant increase in mesophyll conductance at low and high HNO3 levels while changes in maximum photosynthetic CO2 assimilation and stomatal conductance were not significant. We could not detect any activity of the antioxidant enzymes in the fumigated tobacco leaves. This is in spite of the fact that we were able to assay the enzymes in tobacco leaves grown in Israel. Conclusions. This project generated novel data, and potentially applicable to agriculture, on the differential response of lichens and tobacco to HNO3 and O3 pollutants. However, due to experimental problems and time limitation discussed in the body of the report, our data do not justify yet application for a full, 4-year grant. We hope that in the future we shall conduct more experiments related to our objectives, which will serve as a basis for a larger scale project to explore the possibility of using lichens and/or plants for biomonitoring of ozone and nitric acid air pollution.
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Mertz, G. E. Structural response of the ITP failed filter transportation box to impact and internal pressure, Task 93-034-1. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10192083.
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Mazzoni, Silvia, Nicholas Gregor, Linda Al Atik, Yousef Bozorgnia, David Welch, and Gregory Deierlein. Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis and Selecting and Scaling of Ground-Motion Records (PEER-CEA Project). Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/zjdn7385.
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This report is one of a series of reports documenting the methods and findings of a multi-year, multi-disciplinary project coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) and funded by the California Earthquake Authority (CEA). The overall project is titled “Quantifying the Performance of Retrofit of Cripple Walls and Sill Anchorage in Single-Family Wood-Frame Buildings,” henceforth referred to as the “PEER–CEA Project.” The overall objective of the PEER–CEA Project is to provide scientifically based information (e.g., testing, analysis, and resulting loss models) that measure and assess the effectiveness of seismic retrofit to reduce the risk of damage and associated losses (repair costs) of wood-frame houses with cripple wall and sill anchorage deficiencies as well as retrofitted conditions that address those deficiencies. Tasks that support and inform the loss-modeling effort are: (1) collecting and summarizing existing information and results of previous research on the performance of wood-frame houses; (2) identifying construction features to characterize alternative variants of wood-frame houses; (3) characterizing earthquake hazard and ground motions at representative sites in California; (4) developing cyclic loading protocols and conducting laboratory tests of cripple wall panels, wood-frame wall subassemblies, and sill anchorages to measure and document their response (strength and stiffness) under cyclic loading; and (5) the computer modeling, simulations, and the development of loss models as informed by a workshop with claims adjustors. This report is a product of Working Group 3 (WG3), Task 3.1: Selecting and Scaling Ground-motion records. The objective of Task 3.1 is to provide suites of ground motions to be used by other working groups (WGs), especially Working Group 5: Analytical Modeling (WG5) for Simulation Studies. The ground motions used in the numerical simulations are intended to represent seismic hazard at the building site. The seismic hazard is dependent on the location of the site relative to seismic sources, the characteristics of the seismic sources in the region and the local soil conditions at the site. To achieve a proper representation of hazard across the State of California, ten sites were selected, and a site-specific probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) was performed at each of these sites for both a soft soil (Vs30 = 270 m/sec) and a stiff soil (Vs30=760 m/sec). The PSHA used the UCERF3 seismic source model, which represents the latest seismic source model adopted by the USGS [2013] and NGA-West2 ground-motion models. The PSHA was carried out for structural periods ranging from 0.01 to 10 sec. At each site and soil class, the results from the PSHA—hazard curves, hazard deaggregation, and uniform-hazard spectra (UHS)—were extracted for a series of ten return periods, prescribed by WG5 and WG6, ranging from 15.5–2500 years. For each case (site, soil class, and return period), the UHS was used as the target spectrum for selection and modification of a suite of ground motions. Additionally, another set of target spectra based on “Conditional Spectra” (CS), which are more realistic than UHS, was developed [Baker and Lee 2018]. The Conditional Spectra are defined by the median (Conditional Mean Spectrum) and a period-dependent variance. A suite of at least 40 record pairs (horizontal) were selected and modified for each return period and target-spectrum type. Thus, for each ground-motion suite, 40 or more record pairs were selected using the deaggregation of the hazard, resulting in more than 200 record pairs per target-spectrum type at each site. The suites contained more than 40 records in case some were rejected by the modelers due to secondary characteristics; however, none were rejected, and the complete set was used. For the case of UHS as the target spectrum, the selected motions were modified (scaled) such that the average of the median spectrum (RotD50) [Boore 2010] of the ground-motion pairs follow the target spectrum closely within the period range of interest to the analysts. In communications with WG5 researchers, for ground-motion (time histories, or time series) selection and modification, a period range between 0.01–2.0 sec was selected for this specific application for the project. The duration metrics and pulse characteristics of the records were also used in the final selection of ground motions. The damping ratio for the PSHA and ground-motion target spectra was set to 5%, which is standard practice in engineering applications. For the cases where the CS was used as the target spectrum, the ground-motion suites were selected and scaled using a modified version of the conditional spectrum ground-motion selection tool (CS-GMS tool) developed by Baker and Lee [2018]. This tool selects and scales a suite of ground motions to meet both the median and the user-defined variability. This variability is defined by the relationship developed by Baker and Jayaram [2008]. The computation of CS requires a structural period for the conditional model. In collaboration with WG5 researchers, a conditioning period of 0.25 sec was selected as a representative of the fundamental mode of vibration of the buildings of interest in this study. Working Group 5 carried out a sensitivity analysis of using other conditioning periods, and the results and discussion of selection of conditioning period are reported in Section 4 of the WG5 PEER report entitled Technical Background Report for Structural Analysis and Performance Assessment. The WG3.1 report presents a summary of the selected sites, the seismic-source characterization model, and the ground-motion characterization model used in the PSHA, followed by selection and modification of suites of ground motions. The Record Sequence Number (RSN) and the associated scale factors are tabulated in the Appendices of this report, and the actual time-series files can be downloaded from the PEER Ground-motion database Portal (https://ngawest2.berkeley.edu/)(link is external).
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Kennedy, R. P., R. H. Kincaid, and S. A. Short. Engineering characterization of ground motion. Task II. Effects of ground motion characteristics on structural response considering localized structural nonlinearities and soil-structure interaction effects. Volume 2. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5817815.
Full text
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Leis, Brian. PR-214-163713-R01 Review of Response Requirements and Criteria for Plain Dents. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011648.
Full textAbstract:
Beginning in 2007 the I and I committee has developed an expansive set of modeling and full-scale testing projects dealing with mechanical damage, considering the severity of damage response to pressure and pressure cycling and its assessment, its detection and sizing, and its management. While much data and insight has been developed, the practicable outcomes are limited to tools to predict the burst pressure specific to collapse-controlled failure and fatigue response specific to plain dents. Simple practical acceptance guidelines have however not emerged. The subcontract sought completion of Task 1 of Project MD-4-13. Thus, information was gathered and reviewed concerning the body of knowledge developed by PRCI and others with a view to best define a plain dent such that: 1) simple management guidelines can be established; 2) such dents can be readily distinguished relative to other damage features; and 3) gaps in existing technology can be identified and bridged to enable developing management guidelines for other more complex dents. In complement to that, the subcontract's scope sought comments concerning definitions of dent-related damage to pipelines, which is addressed in large part by this report. Subsequent Tasks in this Project will benefit from these outcomes as they establish the technical foundation to define the response time frame when managing such features.