Academic literature on the topic 'Task disengagement'
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Journal articles on the topic "Task disengagement"
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Zhou, Mingming, and Jing Ren. "A self-determination perspective on Chinese fifth-graders’ task disengagement." School Psychology International 38, no. 2 (December 21, 2016): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143034316684532.
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Engagement in academic tasks is important. However, compared to the large body of research on task engagement, the number of studies on task disengagement is quite limited. The aim of this study is to examine the associations between the motivational (self-determination) and attitudinal antecedents (learning orientations) of task disengagement. The sample consisted of 347 fifth-graders in China. We tested two mediation models that incorporated self-determination (autonomous versus controlled), learning orientation (collaborative versus competitive), and task disengagement among Chinese primary school students in learning English. Results showed collaborative learning orientation mediated the link between autonomous motivation and task disengagement. Collaborative learning orientation was also found to be negatively related to task disengagement.
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Barber, Larissa K., Matthew J. Grawitch, and David C. Munz. "Disengaging From a Task." Journal of Individual Differences 33, no. 2 (January 2012): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000064.
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This study tests the assumption that disengagement from a task indicates poor self-control, especially following little progress. A total of 120 undergraduate students worked on Sudoku puzzles, a logical reasoning task for which progress could be measured. A binary logistic regression revealed a three-way interaction among dispositional self-control, dispositional self-awareness, and actual task progress in predicting disengagement versus persistence. Among individuals with high self-awareness, greater self-control was associated with significantly higher probabilities of task persistence during high task progress. Alternatively, greater self-control was associated with lower probabilities of task persistence during low task progress among individuals with high self-awareness. These results support theories of adaptive goal disengagement suggesting that how individuals apply control is dependent on factors other than self-regulatory capacity. Specifically, assessments of progress among highly self-aware individuals may facilitate adaptive self-regulation.
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Gschwendtner, Kathrin M., Stefanie C. Biehl, Andreas Mühlberger, Claudia Sommer, Andrea Kübler, Andreas Reif, and Martin J. Herrmann. "The Relationship Between Valence, Task Difficulty, and the COMT Val 158 Met Polymorphism in Disengagement Processes." Journal of Psychophysiology 26, no. 3 (January 2012): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000075.
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The catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism (rs4680) moderates dopamine degradation in the prefrontal cortex. It has been shown that the Met allele is associated with an increased reactivity to negative stimuli. With regard to the tonic-phasic dopamine model it is hypothesized that this increased reactivity to negative stimuli derives from deficient disengagement from negative stimuli. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate whether this increased reactivity is reflected in prolonged disengagement from negative pictures. We used a novel forced spatial disengagement task in combination with eye tracking. This paradigm allows for varying task difficulty. Interestingly, contrary to our hypothesis, we found increased disengagement latencies for negative pictures in homozygous Val allele carriers compared to heterozygous participants. This effect was only seen in task conditions demanding less cognitive resources (prosaccade condition). We suggest that the COMT effect on emotional processing is task-specific and therefore heterosis effects can occur.
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Li, Na, Cong Wang, and Wenwen Shi. "Athletes' Goal Orientations and Attitudes towards Doping: Moral Disengagement in Sport as a Mediator." American Journal of Health Behavior 46, no. 3 (June 23, 2022): 337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5993/ajhb.46.3.12.
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Objective: In this study, we explored the characteristics of moral disengagement in sport and its mediating role in athletes' goal orientations and their attitudes towards doping We enrolled 203 athletes in the study. Methods: The Task and Ego Orientation in Sports Questionnaire, Moral Disengagement in Sport Scale and Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale were used to assess athletes' goal orientations and attitudes toward doping. Results: Our findings revealed that: (1) male athletes' scores for moral disengagement were significantly higher than those of female athletes; and (2) moral disengagement completely mediated the relationship between ego orientation and attitude towards doping, and partially mediated the association between task orientation and attitude towards doping. Conclusions: Changing the moral cognition and lowering the level of moral disengagement in athletes may be important issues to include in anti-doping education.
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Saragih, Surya Mutiara, Andi Ina Yustina, and Christine Novita Dewi. "Reinforcing Moral Disengagement in the Relationship of Ethical Leadership on Employee Task Performance." JURNAL AKUNTANSI, EKONOMI dan MANAJEMEN BISNIS 9, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 175–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30871/jaemb.v9i2.3216.
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This study analyzes the relationship between ethical leadership and task performance and the moderating effect of moral disengagement. The data in this study were 244 respondents who were taken by conducting a web-based questionnaire for employees in various industries in Indonesia. To process data and test hypotheses, researchers used the SEM-PLS approach. This study found that ethical leadership influences employee task performance. However, the relationship between ethical leadership and employee task performance was found to be positive and significant. This study also found that moral disengagement has a moderating effect, strengthening the relationship between ethical leadership and task performance.
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Li, Bing, Jing Guang, and Mingsha Zhang. "The role of fixation disengagement and oculomotor preparation in gap saccade task is gap-duration dependent." Journal of Neurophysiology 126, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): 2053–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00259.2021.
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While performing the gap saccade task, the role of fixation disengagement and oculomotor preparation in modulating the internal brain state is gap-duration dependent. Fixation disengagement plays a primary role when gap duration is shorter (100 ms), whereas oculomotor preparation plays a primary role when gap duration is longer (200 ms and 400 ms).
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Fortgang, Rebecca, and Vinod Srihari. "41. Cognitive Disengagement and Task Switching in Patients With Schizophrenia." Schizophrenia Bulletin 43, suppl_1 (March 1, 2017): S23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbx021.060.
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Donald, Fiona M., and Craig H. M. Donald. "Task disengagement and implications for vigilance performance in CCTV surveillance." Cognition, Technology & Work 17, no. 1 (October 5, 2014): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10111-014-0309-8.
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Nelson, D., M. Lopian, and N. Bratt. "Investigating the role of attentional disengagement bias in the tendency, ability and persistence of worry." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)71880-6.
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IntroductionIndividuals with Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD) have an attentional bias towards threatening information. It is not known whether this results from facilitated engagement (faster orientation) or delayed disengagement (shifting attention away) from threat. Recent research has developed a new methodology designed to modify attentional disengagement from threat.ObjectivesUsing this paradigm, the present study assessed the causal role of attentional disengagement from threat and its impact on worry.MethodTwenty-four university students scoring below 56 on the Penn-State-Worry-Questionnaire were randomly assigned to either threat disengagement training, or non-threat disengagement training. Training was assessed using threat and non-threat test-trials. All participants then completed a novel worry task, assessing tendency, ability and persistency of worry. The hypothesis was that training to disengage from threat rather than non-threat stimuli would affect tendency, ability or persistence of worry.ResultsAccuracy and test-trial reaction-time data indicated disengagement training was successful; compared to the non-threat disengagement group, the threat disengagement group had faster reaction-times for non-threat valence test-trials, experienced marginally non-significantly more negative intrusions during active worry, and found it significantly more difficult to worry, when required to engage solely with worry without interruption in the worry task.ConclusionIt is possible to manipulate attentional bias to disengage from threat information, leading to fewer negative thought intrusions during active worry and increased difficulty in engaging solely with worry, thus suggesting that impaired disengagement has a causal role in the ability to worry.
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Fontanini, Alfredo, and Donald B. Katz. "7 to 12 Hz Activity in Rat Gustatory Cortex Reflects Disengagement From a Fluid Self-Administration Task." Journal of Neurophysiology 93, no. 5 (May 2005): 2832–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01035.2004.
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The 7 to 12 Hz rhythm is a high-voltage oscillatory phenomenon recorded in many rat neocortical regions, largely analogous to the rodent and human somatosensory μ rhythm. Central to any interpretation of the functional significance of this pattern is the analysis of the behavioral context associated with it. Much of the debate on the function of μ, variously believed to represent either an environment-oriented or -isolated state, has relied primarily on its association with quiet immobility. In this report, we describe the relationship between the 7 to 12 Hz rhythm and a more complex behavioral setting, in which we were able to dissociated task orientation from disengagement. We trained head-restrained, water-restricted rats to perform a simple variant of a timed fluid self-administration task, while recording local field potentials from gustatory cortex (GC). Rats progressed through two behavioral states that were clearly distinguishable on the basis of lever-pressing regimes: a task-oriented state and a second state that reflected disengagement from the task. Concurrent GC neural recordings revealed bilaterally coherent oscillations in the 7 to 12 Hz range associated solely with the latter state. Consistent with published recordings of μ rhythm from somatosensory cortex, these rhythmic episodes were endogenously quenched when the rats prepared to lever-press; this inhibition of rhythmic episodes lasted through fluid delivery and consumption, making it clear that GC rhythms are not related to gustatory processing itself. By showing a direct relationship between the 7 to 12 Hz rhythm and disengagement from a task, these data provide strong and novel evidence that this gustatory rhythm in rats is associated with withdrawal from experimental contingencies.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Task disengagement"
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Bermås, Mikael, and Andreas Kjellén. "Selektiv Uppmärksamhet hos Personer med Insomni : En experimentell studie med bildbaserat Dot-probe task." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Akademin för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-10937.
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Kognitiva modeller har föreslagit selektiv uppmärksamhet som en bidragande faktor till vidmakthållande av insomni. I denna studie tillämpades Dot-probe task inom ett experiment i syfte att undersöka huruvida graden av selektiv uppmärksamhet skiljer individer med insomni från en matchad grupp individer med normal sömn och hur en sådan selektiv uppmärksamhet i så fall är beskaffad. Även selektiv uppmärksamhet i relation till ångest och depression undersöktes. Resultaten visar på en signifikant skillnad mellan grupperna avseende selektiv uppmärksamhet samt att skillnaden inte kan förklaras av ångest och depression. Resultaten visar specifikt att den selektiva uppmärksamheten utgörs av svårigheter att avbryta fokus mot hot, snarare än en högre känslighet för upptäckande av hot. Dessa fynd innebär implikationer för terapeutisk behandling av insomni.Cognitive models have suggested selective attention as a contributing factor of perpetuating insomnia. In this study the dot probe task was employed in an experiment in order to investigate whether the level of selective attention differentiates individuals with insomnia from a matched group of normal sleepers, and if any difference exist, the nature of such selective attention. Also, the relation of selective attention to anxiety and depression was investigated. The results show that the groups differ significantly on selective attention, and that neither anxiety nor depression can account for these differences. The results specifically show that the selective attention consists of difficulty in disengaging from threat rather than heightened vigilance to threat. These findings may implicate the clinical view on insomnia treatment.
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Blackmore, Michelle A. "Attentional Bias for Affective Stimuli: Evaluation of Disengagement in Persons with and without Self-reported Generalized Anxiety Disorder." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/147943.
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PsychologyPh.D.
A core feature of GAD, excessive and uncontrollable worry, may be indicative of poor attentional control and difficulty disengaging attention from threatening or emotional information (e.g., Fox, 2004; Mathews, Fox, Yiend, & Calder, 2003; Yiend & Mathews 2001). The current study examined the performance of college students with and without self-reported GAD (N = 63) on measures of attentional control and a spatial cueing task designed to assess engagement-disengagement processes from emotionally valenced (aversive, pleasant) and neutral picture stimuli. Attentional control abilities were examined using the Stroop Color-Word Association Test (SCW Test) and Trail-Making Test (TMT). Separate analyses of variance (ANOVAs) demonstrated that GAD participants performed more poorly on the Stroop Color subtest and the TMT: Part B than non-GAD participants. Mixed ANOVAs of response times measured during the spatial cueing task revealed significant main effects for Cue Valence and Cue Validity, as well as several significant interactions of these variables with GAD status. The significant Cue Valence x Cue Validity x GAD status interaction indicated that GAD participants were slower to disengage their attention from aversive stimuli, relative to pleasant or neutral stimuli, than non-GAD participants who did not exhibit this bias. This interaction effect, however, did not remain significant upon covarying for depression. Together, these findings suggest that individuals with GAD evidence poorer attentional control and demonstrate difficulties disengaging from threatening stimuli compared to persons without the disorder. Impairment in these attentional processes may, therefore, contribute to the etiology and maintenance of GAD.
Temple University--Theses
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Pelagatti, Claudia. "Moving forward in the neurocognitive study of mind-wandering: tracking the onset and time-course of mind-wandering." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1150717.
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In the present work, we focused on mind-wandering (MW). MW is a multidimensional mental state that absorbs parts of our waking life and can be defined as a shift of attention away from a current activity towards internal thoughts unrelated to the ongoing activity. Although neurocognitive studies on MW have increased substantially over the last years, there are still a number of overlooked questions. In particular, a number of researchers have indicated a need for investigations of the dynamics of this process. To this end, it would be especially important to focus on the two basic elements of MW experiences, specifically, the moment of the onset of MW episodes (i.e., when the flow of thoughts starts) and the maintenance of these episodes over time (i.e., what happens during the continuation of the flow). In our studies, we focused on identifying the ignition moment (i.e., the onset) of MW experiences, as well as investigating its dynamics over time. Here we report three empirical studies employing a vigilance task that allowed elicitation and analysis of MW episodes in the laboratory. Pupillometry was also employed both in the second and third study to assess the association between physiological and self-report measures.
The three studies used different versions of the vigilance task, in which participants were asked to detect infrequent target stimuli among a number of non-target stimuli and were eventually exposed to task-irrelevant verbal cues that could potentially act as triggers for MW episodes. MW was collected by using either a self-caught procedure (first and third studies) or a probe-caught procedure (second study).
Specifically, the first study was carried out for investigating the cue-dependent nature of MW and verifying whether MW episodes could be linked to preceding triggers. Thus, in a between-subject design, we studied the causal role of meaningful external cues (i.e., verbal cues) in triggering MW experiences. We found that the exposure to the external cues increased the amount of MW and biased its temporal focus towards the past compared with a condition of no exposure to the cues.
The second study was developed on the basis of the first one, with the main aim of associating a physiological measure (i.e., pupil diameter) to the onset and maintenance of MW experiences. The main finding was obtained by tracking pupil size over 6 seconds after MW triggers and non-triggers: we found a significantly larger pupil dilation following cues reported as triggers of the MW episodes compared to non-trigger cues. This suggested that the onset of MW and its unfolding over time were accompanied by a physiological marker (i.e., a pupil dilation).
The third study was conducted with the main aim of replicating the results of the second study by using a different thought-sampling method, and extend them further. In particular, we used a self-caught procedure instead of a probe-caught procedure in order to track the pupil diameter following triggers of aware MW. We also examined whether and how the pupil dilation associated with MW was modulated by the emotional valence of MW. The main findings showed a significant increase in pupil diameter following triggers of aware MW compared to non-triggers, and this dilation appeared not to be modulated by the emotional content of MW.
Collectively, these studies provided several contributions to neurocognitive research on MW. First, they demonstrated that the onset of MW episodes could be identified in the laboratory, since MW episodes were linked to external, meaningful and task-irrelevant stimuli. Second, they showed that a physiological index (i.e., pupil dilation) was associated with the onset of MW and accompanied its unfolding over time. Third, the use of the vigilance task with verbal cues and the self-caught procedure allowed us to also explore the latency of MW episodes (i.e., the time for the formation of thought and being aware of it).
In the general discussion, we report some implications of these findings for further investigations in MW research.
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"Neurobiological Mechanisms of Cognitive Maintenance and Disengagement: Accounting for Dissociable Variance in Working Memory and Fluid Intelligence Task Performance." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.44255.
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abstract: Performance on working memory (WM) and fluid intelligence tasks (gF) is often highly correlated. However, recent research by Shipstead, Harrison, & Engle (2016) has suggested that dissociable cognitive processes underlie performance on WM and gF tasks, such that WM task performance is contingent upon maintenance of relevant information while gF task performance is contingent upon disengaging from irrelevant information so that updating can occur. The aim of the current study was to test the proposal that the dopamine gating system, a neurological mechanism underlying information encoding and updating, is a plausible mechanism underlying the abilities identified by Shipstead and colleagues that are separately unique to WM and gF. Sixty-three participants completed a task that measured ability to maintain and update information, and is neurologically known to reflect functionality of the dopamine gating system during updating performance. The results indicate that individual differences in updating performance are predicted by gF, but not by WM. This suggests that the ability to disengage from irrelevant information is facilitated by distinct processes in the dopamine gating system, and is a distinguishing component of gF.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Psychology 2017
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Ross, Rachel Michelle. "An investigation into how emotional words affect processing in the emotional Stroop task." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1318028.
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Masters Coursework - Master of Clinical Psychology (MClinPsych)Scope: The emotional Stroop effect (ESE) is calculated as the difference in reaction time between classifying the print colour of emotional (e.g., SAD) and non-emotional (PAD) words. Since participants focus on colour and ignore the emotional content, the existence of ESE demonstrates an automatic attentional bias towards emotional stimuli. Recent literature has questioned if attention bias is automatic. ESE literature thus far has relied on one particular method of analysing ESE data, which has likely influenced our understanding of automaticity in the ESE. The ESE is typically calculated by subtracting the mean response time of the emotional condition from the mean response time of the neutral condition. A common, implicit assumption is made that participants process all words despite their detrimental effect on performance and therefore processing is obligatory. However, this conclusion is based on a difference between two collections of means and does not have explanatory power to determine whether emotional processing occurs on each trial. Processing may not be obligatory on each and every trial and yet ESE can still be observed. Individuals could process emotions on some trials and successfully ignore the word’s content on other trials. EST data may in fact be a combination of these two processes that have not been partitioned out. Alternatively, processing may in fact occur on all trials with each word varying on a spectrum from shallow processing to deeper level of processing (Craik & Lockhart, 1972). Thus three options exist to explain emotional processing in the task; participants process all items, participant process some items, or participants process items depending on relevance for performance. A novel task is offered to discriminate between these options. Purpose: We tested whether processing emotional stimuli is obligatory, non-obligatory or task dependent by applying a novel, forced-processing task. In the novel forced-processing task, participants must identify both the ink colour and the emotionality of words (emotional or non-emotional). Participants are forced to read and engage with the emotional content of every item. This task is then compared with a control emotional Stroop task. The control task involves font discrimination (italic or not italic) yet does not require judgment about emotional content; participants classify the colour of print and identify if any letters are in italics. The goal of the current study is to discriminate between three alternative views of emotional processing in the emotional Stoop task; obligatory, non-obligatory or task dependent by applying a novel task. A comparison between performance in the forced-processing task and the control task may offer greater insight into mechanisms underlying emotional processing. Importantly, the three theories of interest each predict a different pattern of results. Experiment 1 tests which of the predicted patterns of interaction is supported by data. Experiment 2 then replicates Experiment 1 with minor methodological changes, which allow exploration of slow vs fast effects (Sharma & McKenna, 2004) and offers some clarification regarding the role of implicit and explicit processing. Methodology: Fifty-five participants, across two experiments, completed the control and forced-processing tasks. Each participant performed both the control emotional Stroop task and the forced-processing emotional Stroop task. On conclusion of the second task, participants completed the item classification questionnaire, the BDI-II and DASS. A 2 by 2 within-subjects analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted on the variables task (control, forced) and condition (emotional, non-emotional) with reaction time (RT) as the dependent measure. Results: Results were consistent across both experiments. Data revealed an inverse ESE in the forced task but not in the control demonstrating that response time for emotional items were facilitated when disengagement was not required. Results were consistent with the non-obligatory and delayed disengagement view of emotional processing with a significant ESE in the control task and a significant but reversed ESE in the forced task. General Conclusions and Implications: We concluded that emotional processing does not occur on all trials, supporting a non-obligatory view of processing, and the ESE may be driven by stimuli disengagement. Results suggests that, rather than an automatic process, participants process items differently when the task forces emotional processing. Not only was there a change in ESE between tasks, the change in instruction produced a reversed ESE in both experiments. This suggests that participants process emotional items faster when emotional processing is forced or required for performance (forced-processing task) than when emotional processing (control task) is not required. Implications of the Larger Work: The finding that some but not all emotional stimuli draw attentional bias is significant as it undermines the foundations of the ESE analysis. Two consequences are evident. Firstly, inferences made based on the ESE, both theoretical and applied, ought to now come under investigation. Secondly, changes to the emotional Stroop task are necessary to ensure consistency in item processing depth and frequency. Without methodological modifications the common ESE analysis, a comparison of means, is fundamentally flawed.
Book chapters on the topic "Task disengagement"
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"5. Disengagements from Dyadic Task Interactions." In Social Actions for Classroom Language Learning, 103–42. Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/9781847690272-006.
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Kalinowska, Monika. "Głos Starych Poetów – późna twórczość liryczna w świetle wybranych teorii starzenia się." In Obiektywny i subiektywny wymiar starości. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/8088-010-8.16.
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Between the theory of disengagement and activity we may find a rich gallery of the portrayals of the old age. Experiencing the clash between the body’s impotence and the desire of mind, the Old Poets give us an important lesson on ageing. They not only talk about the old age that is plain, bent and ill but also about the one that is contemplative, still active and full of passion.
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Rahmani, Masoumeh. "Deconversion." In Drifting through Samsara, 193–216. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197579961.003.0007.
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This chapter explores deconversion as a rare exit pattern from Goenka’s Vipassana movement. Through a detailed exploration of a single case study, this chapter explores the narrator’s attempt to flee the movement’s universe of discourse. The chapter introduces the term ‘authenticity talk’ to refer to a style of discourse that functions both as (1) a recourse for self-reconstruction post exit, and (2) a rhetoric that provided the narrator with a sense of autonomy, empowerment, and self-validation. The chapter argues that the disengagement literature takes authenticity talk at face value and mistakenly conceives of it as an actual motive behind exit.
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Kearney, Christopher A. "The Anxious Middle/High School Adolescent." In Helping Families of Youth with School Attendance Problems, 81–102. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190912574.003.0005.
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Chapter 5 focuses on middle and high school youth who refuse school primarily due to anxiety. School attendance problems in middle and high school students are usually much more complicated than in younger students. Part of this is due to the different structure of the school experience, including open campuses, multiple classes and teachers, larger and more chaotic settings, and new and challenging social and academic tasks. As such, school-based anxiety and school disengagement are key threats to attendance in middle and high school. This chapter gives detailed recommendations for psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, mindfulness, and gradual reintegration into school. Circumstances most characteristic of older children with school attendance problems include difficulty with increased academic challenges, social and performance anxiety, and peer pressure. Core intervention components and procedures to expand the effectiveness of these core components are covered.
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Erçetin, Şefika Şule, and Şuay Nilhan Açıkalın. "Is President Erdoğan Really a Dictator?" In Advances in Religious and Cultural Studies, 1–18. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0148-0.ch001.
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The notion of dictatorship has been central in leadership exegeses the world over. Indeed, almost all leaders are alleged to be dictators at a certain point in time, once they side step expectations abound. Like in many, a country, talk of President Recep Tayyip Erdogan being a dictator in Turkey has been massive over the years. The interesting conundrum though defeating all analyses of such nature is the authority on which the claim of dictatorship owes its abode or rests. One wonders whether a leader's being a dictator is determined by opposition politicians in a country, the local media, the international media, foreign politicians or the local masses (those benefitting directly or indirectly and not). It is also interesting to question the yardstick used for justification of the same; whether it is simply over stay in power, the character and appearance of a leader or the modus operandi of a leader. This conceptual paper, therefore explored the so called Erdogan dictatorship illusion of opposition parties in Turkey by examining the concept of dictatorship in leadership, Erdogan's assumed dictatorial accusations, and an effort toward disengagement of Erdogan from dictatorship claims. The paper has also shown that there are some dictatorship tendencies within opposition parties.
Conference papers on the topic "Task disengagement"
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Liu, Jikai, Biao Ma, Heyan Li, Man Chen, and Jianwen Chen. "Downshifting Control Strategy for Dual Clutch Transmission With Single Clutch Slippage." In ASME 2016 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2016-9793.
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The cooperation mode between the engagement and disengagement clutches for vehicles equipped with Dual Clutch Transmission (DCT) is of vital importance to achieve a smooth gearshift, in particular for the downshift process as its unavoidable power interruption during the inertia phase. Hence, to elevate the performance of DCT downshifting process, an analytical model and experimental validation for the analysis, simulation and control strategy are presented. Optimized pressure profiles applied on two clutches are obtained based on the detailed analysis of downshifting process. Then, according to the analysis results, a novel control strategy that can achieve downshift task with only one clutch slippage is proposed. The system model is established on Matlab/Simulink platform and used to study the variation of output torque and speed in response to different charging pressure profiles and various external loads during downshifting process. Simulation results show that, compared with conventional control strategies, the proposed one can not only avoid the torque hole and power circulation, but shorten the shift time and reduce the friction work. Furthermore, to validate the effectiveness of the control strategy, the bench test equipped with DCT is conducted and the experiment results show a good agreement with the simulation results.
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Jasný, Michal, Michal Hajžman, and Radek Bulín. "Dog Clutch Without Circular Backlash – Design Optimization Using Multi-Body Simulation." In FISITA World Congress 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/f2020-adm-083.
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The idea of a dog clutch without circular backlash is based on a unique and patented mechanical blocking mechanism which secures the clutch in desired positions - engaged or neutral. Using this blocking mechanism, we can shape the dogs in the way not common for dog clutches - narrower tip than root. This design minimizes the amount of circular backlash typical for dog clutches and thereby improves ride quality. It also enables disengagement under load which can fasten the gearshift of the dog clutch already being a quick gearshift device. Using external synchronization is necessary. Prototype of the dog clutch with blocking mechanism was successfully tested and proven functional. Improved design regarding to test results will be presented. Manufacturing of prototypes and their testing is very money- and time-consuming. The same can be said about optimizing the design through comparison of multiple variants. Using multi-body simulation software seems very convenient in this situation. The very basic model of a dog clutch consisting of two dog rings engaging into each other has been already made. Further optimization can be divided into two tasks. Firstly, the dog clutch with blocking mechanism was initially designed to cooperate with the gear selector system based on manual (MT) or automated manual (AMT) gearboxes. This means that the driver or gearshift actuator acts on the gearshift mechanism until it senses that the gear is fully engaged and cannot move any further. Only then the gearshift force is removed. This ensures that the dog clutch is pushed to its furthest position possible and the blocking mechanism is securely engaged. The first task is to adapt the dog clutch on the gear selector mechanism with kinematic endpoints - typically sequential shifting. In this case the endpoint of the dog clutch depends on the dimensional precision of affected components. In order to provide secure blocking under every circumstance, modification requiring additional flexible part might be necessary. This should make the dog clutch with blocking mechanism suitable for wider variety of applications. Secondary, quality of the engagement process is affected by large number of parameters. Good gearshift is usually wanted to be quick and silent. This can be controlled using mainly these parameters - mismatch speed, gearshift force, number of dogs, angles of their sides and faces, height of the dogs. Multi-body model created for previous task will be used for design optimizations to fulfill the quality criteria
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Rossi, Silvia, Gabriella Santangelo, Martina Ruocco, Giovanni Ercolano, Luca Raggioli, and Emanuele Savino. "Evaluating Distraction and Disengagement for Non-interactive Robot Tasks." In HRI '18: ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3173386.3176957.
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Rossi, Silvia, Giovanni Ercolano, Luca Raggioli, Emanuele Savino, and Martina Ruocco. "The Disappearing Robot: An Analysis of Disengagement and Distraction During Non-Interactive Tasks." In 2018 27th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/roman.2018.8525514.
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Sanchez, Sergio. "Engagement/Disengagement in English Class Discussions: Preservice Teachers Noticing, Theorizing, and Planning for Meaningful Talk." In 2020 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1584287.
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Brunk, Angie, and Daniel Ireton. "Failures in library website accessibility: A problem of accountability." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001645.
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Not every library can have an accessibility expert on staff while redesigning their website. Every library can, however, develop their own informed personnel. At Kansas State University Libraries, a task force focused on developing and maintaining a new website formed, coinciding with the hire of a librarian who is disabled and experienced in human factors, user experience, and accessibility. This provided an opportunity not only for improved accessibility, but a more nuanced understanding of the needs and experiences of disabled patrons. In this process we learned that lack of accountability is often a significant barrier to libraries designing an accessible website. To successfully design an accessible website, accessibility must be a priority from the beginning of the design process rather than a checklist and fixes applied at the end of the process. A common hurdle to an organization adopting an accessibility focused approach to design is the lack of personnel dedicated specifically to accessibility. All too often, this responsibility becomes dispersed among a team of designers, by which accessibility becomes an afterthought. To paraphrase Bandura (1990), if everybody is in charge, nobody is in charge. At least one person must be tasked with developing knowledge of accessibility and advocating for the needs of disabled users. While everyone on the team responsible for web content development should possess some basic knowledge of Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), one person needs to have primary responsibility and accountability. If this individual does not currently have a grounding in disability theory, then developing a basic understanding of disability theory should be their priority. Our literature review would serve as a solid foundation. Just as usability testing should be done with human users, accessibility should be tested by people who both will use the website and use assistive and adaptive technology on a regular basis. Finding disabled users for testing can present some ethical dilemmas. In the United States, for example, information about a student’s disability status is protected by both FERPA AND HIPAA. While this does present a challenge, it is possible to overcome this challenge and find disabled users in an ethical manner. It should be understood when testing website accessibility, the real question is not, for example, “can a blind person use my website,” but rather, “can a person who uses magnification or a screen reader use my website.” Any office or organization on campus that works with disabled students can assist with recruiting volunteers and snowball sampling can be used from there. In this paper we argue that designating one person, who will be held accountable, as responsible for accessibility and advocating for the needs of disabled users is an essential step in creating an accessible library web presence. In addition, we present a viable pathway for a non-expert in accessibility to develop sufficient competency to serve as an advocate for disabled users in the web development process.Bandura, A. (1990) Selective activation and disengagement of moral control. Journal of Social Issues, 46(1), 27-46.