Relevant bibliographies by topics / Task-based testing

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Task-based testing'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 8 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Task-based testing"

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Darbinyan, Hrayr. "Task based conceptual design of a testing machine." MATEC Web of Conferences 287 (2019): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928701008.

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A novel approach of task based conceptual design(TBCD) has been successfully used as direct guider and efficient developer of unique mechanical structures for many cases of mechanical design. Nearly a decade long efforts of elaboration of efficient every day usage formats for this method have been ended in convenient design pages suitable and applicable for revealing, describing, visualizing and managing the data necessary for organizing the design process from task definition to solutions satisfying original design tasks. The aim of current study is to show steps of a solution generation within frames of a single design cycle and extend this action over consecutive design cycles. Those steps are described from standpoint of general concept design method starting from key model and finished with final aggregation matrice as ultimate step of a single design cycle. Unified mathematical expressions are used for introduction and description of all worked out and developed components of conceptual design. The paper is arranged in a way to show gradual steps of conceptual design(CD) of a power transmission system – a pipe wrench life test machine.
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Giraldo, Frank. "Task-Based Language Assessment: Implications for the Language Classroom." GIST – Education and Learning Research Journal 21 (December 21, 2020): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26817/16925777.828.

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With a communicative approach to language testing, performance assessment has taken on a prominent role in testing systems around the world. Specifically, task-based assessment (TBA) is now being used to make inferences about people’s language ability and what they can do with this construct under realistic communicative scenarios. This reflection paper discusses central issues in TBA, and in doing so, it shows that TBA can be observed through a classroom-assessment lens, an idea I present as Instructional Task-Based Assessment (ITBA). The paper starts by reviewing the meaning of tasks, then discusses problems with TBA and finally offers a checklist for teachers to explore TBA in classroom contexts. I also include limitations of the proposal and conclusions
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Fishel, Stephanie R., Justin M. Owens, Eric R. Muth, Adam W. Hoover, and Jeromie R. Rand. "Augmented Cognition: Developing and Testing a Physiology-Based Task Adaptation System." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 48, no. 11 (September 2004): 1256–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120404801111.

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Lee, Jihyun, Sungwon Kang, and Changsup Keum. "Architecture-Based Software Testing." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 28, no. 01 (January 2018): 57–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194018500031.

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It has been recognized by many researchers that the notion of test architecture should be utilized for software testing to cope with the task of testing complicated software, as it can support test architecture design and test case generation based on test architecture as well as efficient fault detection and error locating. However, in the current software testing theory and practice, the notion of test architecture and how it can be utilized for software testing are not well understood. To redress this situation, this paper provides foundational concepts and principles of architecture-based software testing to help utilize test architecture for software testing. Case study experiments are conducted to show how the concepts and principles of architecture-based software testing work and the effects that can be obtained by using architecture-based software testing.
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Haedong Kim. "Practicality of performance assessment using a picture-based narrative task in computer-based testing." STEM Journal 17, no. 1 (February 2016): 221–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.16875/stem.2016.17.1.221.

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Dimova, Slobodanka. "Performance-based Speaking Tests: Possibilities in Local Language Testing." Language Teaching Research Quarterly 29 (June 2022): 120–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32038/ltrq.2022.29.08.

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Drawing on Glenn Fulcher’s extensive work in performance-based language assessment of speaking, this paper explores the assessment of L2 speaking ability in local language testing contexts. For that purpose, I review Fulcher’s influential work that highlights the relationship between the speaking construct, the task, the performance, and the scale, and I provide an overview of various task types, approaches to scale development, and rater-training programs. Then, I argue that local language testing provides a wide range of possibilities for task development, scale design, and rater training due to the opportunity for collaboration with local expertise (students, instructors, policy-makers) and the ability to keep up with the evolving speaking construct in the local context.
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胡, 丽涓. "The Shape Bias Based on Similarity: The Evidence from Hypothesis Testing Task." Advances in Psychology 05, no. 11 (2015): 626–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ap.2015.511081.

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Bauman, F. S., E. A. Arens, S. Tanabe, H. Zhang, and A. Baharlo. "Testing and optimizing the performance of a floor-based task conditioning system." Energy and Buildings 22, no. 3 (August 1995): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7788(95)91161-j.

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Resnick, Marc L. "Task Based Evaluation in Error Analysis and Accident Prevention." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 45, no. 20 (October 2001): 1492–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120104502011.

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After a system failure that is attributed to human error, an accurate accounting of the factors that led to the error is critical for redesign efforts and any resulting litigation. Without data on the design components or environmental factors that contributed to the error, the human is indicted, either legally or in the press, no system redesign is conducted and the failure will be repeated at the cost of additional damage and/or lives. However, rarely is the human at fault because of intentional negligence. There are always design or environmental factors that interacted with the person's training, knowledge, motivation and other factors that can be affected by the system. Accident investigations must be conducted to identify these factors and guide redesign efforts. An even better situation would be if this same testing occurred before the system was released to the market. This requires prediction and simulation of the people who will use the system, the tasks that will be attempted, the motivations of system users, and the environmental factors that will interact with the system. Testing systems under controlled laboratory conditions is generally insufficient to identify potential sources of human error. This paper describes the critical components of task-based evaluation and presents a case study to illustrate the consequences of failure to use TBE.
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Xie, Tao, Ke Wang, Ruifeng Li, and Xinyue Tang. "Visual Robot Relocalization Based on Multi-Task CNN and Image-Similarity Strategy." Sensors 20, no. 23 (December 4, 2020): 6943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20236943.

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The traditional CNN for 6D robot relocalization which outputs pose estimations does not interpret whether the model is making sensible predictions or just guessing at random. We found that convnet representations trained on classification problems generalize well to other tasks. Thus, we propose a multi-task CNN for robot relocalization, which can simultaneously perform pose regression and scene recognition. Scene recognition determines whether the input image belongs to the current scene in which the robot is located, not only reducing the error of relocalization but also making us understand with what confidence we can trust the prediction. Meanwhile, we found that when there is a large visual difference between testing images and training images, the pose precision becomes low. Based on this, we present the dual-level image-similarity strategy (DLISS), which consists of two levels: initial level and iteration-level. The initial level performs feature vector clustering in the training set and feature vector acquisition in testing images. The iteration level, namely, the PSO-based image-block selection algorithm, can select the testing images which are the most similar to training images based on the initial level, enabling us to gain higher pose accuracy in testing set. Our method considers both the accuracy and the robustness of relocalization, and it can operate indoors and outdoors in real time, taking at most 27 ms per frame to compute. Finally, we used the Microsoft 7Scenes dataset and the Cambridge Landmarks dataset to evaluate our method. It can obtain approximately 0.33 m and 7.51∘ accuracy on 7Scenes dataset, and get approximately 1.44 m and 4.83∘ accuracy on the Cambridge Landmarks dataset. Compared with PoseNet, our CNN reduced the average positional error by 25% and the average angular error by 27.79% on 7Scenes dataset, and reduced the average positional error by 40% and the average angular error by 28.55% on the Cambridge Landmarks dataset. We show that our multi-task CNN can localize from high-level features and is robust to images which are not in the current scene. Furthermore, we show that our multi-task CNN gets higher accuracy of relocalization by using testing images obtained by DLISS.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Task-based testing"

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Boddu, Srinivas Reddy. "What is the relationship between task-based and open-ended usability testing, in terms of measuring satisfaction?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Interaktiva och kognitiva system, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-103677.

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Usability is one of the most important aspects of Information Technology. Usability plays a vital role in this industry, where organizations thrive to ensure utmost satisfaction of their end-users in regard to the experience of using their product. The systems may be a website or a software application. To measure user satisfaction, the method of usability testing can be performed. Performing usability testing gives a clear picture of difficulties that would be faced by potential target users. There are different types of usability testing such as Task-based usability testing, open ended usability testing, remote usability testing etc. The important point here is about deciding upon the most appropriate type of testing technique to get the accurate user satisfaction level. This study is mainly focused to answer the following research question: What is the relationship between the task-based and open ended usability testing, in terms of measuring satisfaction? System Usability Scale (SUS) has been used to measure the satisfaction of the users in this study. For this we used two websites performing task-based usability testing and open ended usability testing respectively. This study had involved twenty eight different participants. Participants are divided into two groups, one group to perform open ended usability testing and another for task-based usability testing for both the websites. This study has produced following results; Open-ended testing tended to produce higher SUS-ratings for the tested system. The results in this study showed that users performing open-ended usability testing gave positive responses for both the websites in terms of user satisfaction. Open-ended usability testing is an exploratory testing, where the testing is based on different aspects such as user interface of the system, design etc. Task-based usability testing is goal based where users have to complete the given task without fail. This method drew lower scores when compared to open-ended usability testing for the tested systems from the attained results. Nevertheless that task-based testing attained lower SUS scores, it is fairly straight forward than open-ended testing to measure efficiency and effectiveness. The above results have been discussed in detail. This study has finally concluded that to measure the usability of a system it is recommended to practice both the open-ended and task-based usability testing techniques.
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Lombaard, Malinda. "Task-based assessment for specific purpose Sesotho for personnel in the small business corporation." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/235.

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Chanduloy, George Felix, and 陳炳江. "Design of a task-based reading ability test in English as a foreign language." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1986. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31948765.

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Lee, Matthew L. "Task-based Embedded Assessment of Functional Abilities for Aging in Place." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2012. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/88.

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Many older adults desire to maintain their quality of life by living and aging independently in their own homes. However, it is difficult for older adults to notice and track the subtle changes in their own abilities because these abilities can change gradually over a long period of time. Technology in the form of ubiquitous sensors embedded in objects in the home can play a role in keeping track of the functional abilities of individuals unobtrusively, objectively, and continuously over a long period of time. This work introduces a sensing technique called “task-based embedded assessment” that monitors how well specific tasks important for independence are carried out using everyday objects found in the home with which individuals regularly interact. Following formative studies on the information needs of older adults and their caregivers, a sensing system called “dwellSense” that can monitor, assess, and provide feedback about how well individuals complete tasks, such as taking medications, using the phone, and making coffee, was designed, built, and evaluated. Multiple longterm (over 10 months) field deployments of dwellSense were used to investigate how the data collected from the system could support greater self-awareness of abilities and intentions to improve in task performance. Presenting and reflecting on data from ubiquitous sensing systems such as dwellSense is challenging because it is both highly dimensional as well as large in volume, particularly if it is collected over a long period of time. Thus, this work also investigates the time dimension of reflection and has identified that real-time feedback is particularly useful for supporting behavior change, and longer-term trended feedback is useful for greater awareness of abilities. Traditional forms of assessing the functional abilities of individuals tend to be either biased, lacking ecological validity, infrequent, or expensive to conduct. An automated sensor-based approach for assessment is compared to traditional performance testing by a trained clinician and found to match well with clinician-generated ratings that are objective, frequent, and ecologically valid. The contributions from this thesis not only advance the state of the art for maintaining quality of life and care for older adults, but also provide the foundations for designing personal sensing systems that aim to assess an individual’s abilities and support behaviors through the feedback of objective, timely sensed information.
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Torrie, Heather Colleen. "A Web-based Tool for Oral Practice and Assessment of Grammatical Structures." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1972.pdf.

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Kong, Xiaoxiao. "Validating the retelling task of Test for English Majors Band 4 Oral in China: Evidence from a corpus-based exploration." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/168698.

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The retelling task is the first task in the Test for English Majors Band 4 Oral (TEM4-Oral), a nationwide English speaking test for undergraduate English major students in China. Despite its wide use, little work has been done on ensuring its validity. This is reflected in the absence of a systematic validation program or review since its launch in 1999 (Duan, 2011). In the case of the retelling task, the provision of a source story which candidates ‘retell’ raises concerns about the use of source material and how it is linked to language proficiency (e.g. Plakans & Gebril, 2012). This study examines the validity of the TEM4-Oral retelling task through analysing features of test-taker performance across four test administrations. Combining corpus analysis and qualitative explorations, it addresses how candidates’ proficiency levels are reflected in the discourse characteristics of their retellings. It also explores the consistency of scoring across task versions. Findings suggest significant differences in the discourse features of higher- and lower-ranked retellings, which partly supports the score interpretation from test-taker performance in the retelling task. On the other hand, some inconsistencies in candidates’ discourse features have been observed across administrations. This indicates that the generalisability of the task is threatened. This study constitutes an initial step in the validation process of TEM4-Oral. As well as shedding light on the design of the retelling task, it highlights the importance of test validation in the Chinese context, which would benefit thousands of people.
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Cruz, Paulo Filipe Jesus. "Development of an environment for the generation, mutation and execution of test cases." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/27878.

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Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia Informática
Testing graphic user interfaces (GUI) involves, mainly, lengthy and expensive processes involving user testing. Finding simpler and easier alternatives to use than these processes becomes an exciting proposal. This project presents an alternative to existing processes through the use of Model-based Testing - MBT. The MBT technique takes advantage of models that describe the correct operation of the system (for this project task models). The use of MBT may thus become a new approach to testing GUI's, since the implemented GUI is tested against the model that specifies it the correct behavior. All inconsistencies found during the tests will be treated as potential errors that must be corrected. This report describes the development of a prototype for an environment able to generate and execute test cases applying MBT to GUI's.
A realização de testes a interfaces gráficas (GUI) envolve, maioritariamente, processos morosos e dispendiosos. Encontrar alternativas mais simples e fáceis de utilizar do que estes processos torna-se uma proposta aliciante. Este projeto apresenta uma solução alternativa aos processos já existentes através da utilização de casos de teste baseados em modelos (Modelbased Testing - MBT). Esta técnica tira partido de modelos que descrevem o correto funcionamento do sistema (no caso particular do projecto modelos de tarefas). A utilização do MBT pode assim transformarse numa nova abordagem aos testes realizados sobre GUI’s, uma vez que a GUI implementada será testada contra o modelo especificado que contém o funcionamento correto desta. As incoerências encontradas nos testes apontam para potenciais erros que deverão ser corrigidos. Este relatório descreve o desenvolvimento de um protótipo para um ambiente capaz de gerar, mutar e executar casos de teste para GUI’s aplicando o MBT.
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - Project FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-020554.
FEDER funds through the Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade- COMPETE.
The work of the author was also supported by a grant with reference PTDC/EIAEIA/119479/2010_UMINHO.
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von, Sydow Momme. "Towards a Flexible Bayesian and Deontic Logic of Testing Descriptive and Prescriptive Rules." Doctoral thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-AC29-9.

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Thomas, David Llewellyn 1944. "A design model of a competency based modular training system for the printing, newspaper and packaging industries." Diss., 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/16198.

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The study centres on the development of a didactically justified design model of a competency based modular training system for the Printing, Newspaper and Packaging Industries. The design model is represented in a diagram form identifying the components of the design model in relation to their systems function. The components of the design model are; training needs analysis, aims and objectives of training, the learner initial situation, the code of practice for training within industry, the pre-interactive training phase, the interactive training phase and training outcomes. Checklists are developed for using the design model as well as some practical examples of the implementation of the design model in creating a training system which features sound andragogic didactic principles and practices. The use of the design model enables the development of a practical competency based modular training system which meets the unique requirements of the Printing, Newspaper and Packaging Industries.
Educational Studies
M. Ed. (Didactics)
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Books on the topic "Task-based testing"

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Dean, Brown James, ed. An investigation of second language task-based performance assessments. [Manoa]: Second Language Teaching & Curriculum Center, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, 2002.

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Wilson, Tracie. Test performance based on student type, study task, and testing environment. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, Department of Psychology, 2000.

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Ulrich, Mayr. Age-based performance limitations in figural transformations: The effect of task complexity and practice. Berlin: Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung, 1993.

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Novikov, Anatoliy, Tat'yana Solodkaya, Aleksandr Lazerson, and Viktor Polyak. Econometric modeling in the GRETL package. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1732940.

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The tutorial describes the capabilities of the GRETL statistical package for computer data analysis and econometric modeling based on spatial data and time series. Using concrete economic examples, GRETL considers classical and generalized models of linear and nonlinear regression, methods for detecting and eliminating multicollinearity, models with variable structure, autoregressive processes, methods for testing and eliminating autocorrelation, as well as discrete choice models and systems of simultaneous equations. For the convenience of users, the tutorial contains all the task data files used in the work in the format .GDTs are collected in an application in the cloud so that users have access to them. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation in the disciplines of "Econometrics" and "Econometric modeling". For students and teachers of economic universities in the field of Economics, as well as researchers who use econometric methods to model socio-economic phenomena and processes.
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Association, Experimental Aircraft. EAA Flight Test Manual: A Task-Based Approach to Phase 1 Flight Testing - Includes Test Cards. Experimental Aircraft Association, 2018.

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Voutilainen, Atro. Part-of-Speech Tagging. Edited by Ruslan Mitkov. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199276349.013.0011.

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This article outlines the recently used methods for designing part-of-speech taggers; computer programs for assigning contextually appropriate grammatical descriptors to words in texts. It begins with the description of general architecture and task setting. It gives an overview of the history of tagging and describes the central approaches to tagging. These approaches are: taggers based on handwritten local rules, taggers based on n-grams automatically derived from text corpora, taggers based on hidden Markov models, taggers using automatically generated symbolic language models derived using methods from machine tagging, taggers based on handwritten global rules, and hybrid taggers, which combine the advantages of handwritten and automatically generated taggers. This article focuses on handwritten tagging rules. Well-tagged training corpora are a valuable resource for testing and improving language model. The text corpus reminds the grammarian about any oversight while designing a rule.
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Di Paolo, Ezequiel A., Thomas Buhrmann, and Xabier E. Barandiaran. Structures of sensorimotor engagement. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198786849.003.0003.

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The idea of lawful relations between sensory and motor patterns, or sensorimotor contingencies (SMCs), lies at the heart of sensorimotor approaches to perception. Yet despite the concept’s importance, surprisingly few attempts have been made to define it formally. On closer inspection, the notion admits different interpretations. In this chapter, a dynamical formalization of agent–environment interaction serves as the starting point to identify four kinds of SMCs, which are defined in operational terms. These are the notions of sensorimotor environment (open-loop motor-induced sensory variations), sensorimotor habitat (closed-loop sensorimotor trajectories), sensorimotor coordination (reliable sensorimotor patterns playing a functional role), and sensorimotor scheme (normative organization of sensorimotor coordination events). The definitions are put to the test in a simple simulated object-discrimination task and their effect on the conceptual development and empirical, as well as model-based testing of the claims of the sensorimotor approach is discussed.
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Rosenberg, Michael. Virginity and Violence in Cross-Cultural Perspective. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190845896.003.0002.

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This chapter considers a wide range of virginity tests across cultures. Although virginity testing is commonly imbricated with issues of sexual violence, the specific form of virginity manifest through bleeding and wounds is unique to cultures influenced by Deuteronomy. In literature and legal texts from the non-Christian and non-Jewish Greco-Roman world, there is a total absence of descriptions of physical tests of virginity. The chapter briefly describes other medical exams of virginity in the ancient and medieval West. The chapter then turns to discuss tests based not on the physical traits of a woman, but rather on her ability to survive some ordeal or to perform some particular task. The chapter concludes by examining virginity tests not in terms of their means, but of their effects, asking, Do they encourage, or discourage, male physical violence as a component of sexual activity in general and initial sexual experience in particular?
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Breitbart, William, Phyllis Butow, Paul Jacobsen, Wendy Lam, Mark Lazenby, and Matthew Loscalzo, eds. Psycho-Oncology. 4th ed. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190097653.001.0001.

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Psycho-Oncology, 4th edition, follows the publication of Psycho-Oncology, 3rd edition in 2015. This is the latest in the series of textbooks which have defined the field of psycho-oncology. William Breitbart, MD, serves as the new senior editor along with associate editors Phyllis N. Butow, PhD, MPH, of the University of Sydney; Paul B. Jacobsen, PhD, of the U.S. National Cancer Institute; Wendy W. T. Lam, RN, PhD, of the University of Hong Kong; Mark Lazenby, APRN, PhD, of the University of Connecticut School of Nursing; and Matthew J. Loscalzo, MSW, of the City of Hope. In this 4th edition of Psycho-Oncology, we feel we have accomplished the delicate task of having this “Official Textbook of our Field” serve both as the source textbook providing the broadest and most multidisciplinary essential science and practice of the field of psycho-oncology, as well as the newest and latest innovations and cutting-edge research and clinical practice that would equip our readers with the knowledge and resources to participate in the “new frontiers of psycho-oncology.” Several new sections and areas of update include: 1. Evidence-Based Interventions; 2. Digital Health Intervention; 3. Biobehavioral Psycho-Oncology; 4. Geriatric Oncology; 5. Pediatric Psycho-Oncology; 6. Survivorship; 7. Palliative Care and Advanced Planning; 8. Diversities in the Experience of Cancer; 9. Behavioral and Psychological Factors in Cancer Risk; Screening for Cancer in Normal and At-Risk Populations; 10. Screening and Testing for Germ Line and Somatic Mutations; 11. Screening and Assessment in Psychosocial Oncology; 12. Building Supportive Care Teams; 13. Psycho-Oncology in Health Policy.
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Book chapters on the topic "Task-based testing"

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Wigglesworth, Gillian, and Kellie Frost. "Task and Performance-Based Assessment." In Language Testing and Assessment, 121–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02261-1_8.

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Wigglesworth, Gillian, and Kellie Frost. "Task and Performance-Based Assessment." In Language Testing and Assessment, 1–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02326-7_8-1.

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Van den Branden, Kris. "Measuring Task-Based Performance." In The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition and Language Testing, 316–25. New York: Routledge, 2020. | Series: The Routledge handbooks in second language acquisition: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351034784-34.

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Zhao, Bing, Xin Gao, Ping Wang, and Rui Wang. "Task Scheduling Algorithm Based on Sectional Sorting and Standard Deviation for Intelligent Meter Cloud Testing." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 2166–74. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6571-2_264.

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Beyer, Dirk. "Advances in Automatic Software Testing: Test-Comp 2022." In Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering, 321–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99429-7_18.

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AbstractTest-Comp 2022 is the 4th edition of the Competition on Software Testing. Research competitions are a means to provide annual comparative evaluations. Test-Comp focusses on fully automatic software test generators for C programs. The results of the competition shall be reproducible and provide an overview of the current state of the art in the area of automatic test-generation. The competition was based on 4 236 test-generation tasks for C programs. Each test-generation task consisted of a program and a test specification (error coverage, branch coverage). Test-Comp 2022 had 12 participating test generators from 5 countries.
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Beyer, Dirk. "Status Report on Software Testing: Test-Comp 2021." In Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering, 341–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71500-7_17.

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AbstractThis report describes Test-Comp 2021, the 3rd edition of the Competition on Software Testing. The competition is a series of annual comparative evaluations of fully automatic software test generators for C programs. The competition has a strong focus on reproducibility of its results and its main goal is to provide an overview of the current state of the art in the area of automatic test-generation. The competition was based on 3 173 test-generation tasks for C programs. Each test-generation task consisted of a program and a test specification (error coverage, branch coverage). Test-Comp 2021 had 11 participating test generators from 6 countries.
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Gopinath, Divya, Luca Lungeanu, Ravi Mangal, Corina Păsăreanu, Siqi Xie, and Huanfeng Yu. "Feature-Guided Analysis of Neural Networks." In Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering, 133–42. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30826-0_7.

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AbstractApplying standard software engineering practices to neural networks is challenging due to the lack of high-level abstractions describing a neural network’s behavior. To address this challenge, we propose to extract high-level task-specific features from the neural network internal representation, based on monitoring the neural network activations. The extracted feature representations can serve as a link to high-level requirements and can be leveraged to enable fundamental software engineering activities, such as automated testing, debugging, requirements analysis, and formal verification, leading to better engineering of neural networks. Using two case studies, we present initial empirical evidence demonstrating the feasibility of our ideas.
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Smith, David, and Vera Bussas. "Preserving the reference strains." In Trends in the systematics of bacteria and fungi, 55–68. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789244984.0055.

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Abstract It is critical that storage of the living reference strains, on which the names and properties are based and the DNA sequenced to assign a name (the reference genetic resources), are preserved optimally to retain stability. The fact that less than 1% of microbial diversity can be grown sets enormous challenges for repositories (microbial domain biological resource centres or mBRCs). It is most often the case that it is an axenic culture of the reference genetic resource that is preserved but, for those organisms that cannot be grown or where molecular techniques are used to identify the organism, DNA should be stored. This task increases further when the microbiome is being studied, and environmental samples from whole communities are examined; mBRCs need to address how these can be preserved too. This chapter focuses on property retention, selecting the appropriate techniques for longterm survival and stability of characters. It covers the operations of mBRCs and the most appropriate technologies and mechanisms for stability testing and quality assurance. It addresses the preservation of microbial strains of the wide range of archaeal, bacterial (including cyanobacterial), yeast and fungal type and reference strains.
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Melin, Jeanette, and Leslie R. Pendrill. "The Role of Construct Specification Equations and Entropy in the Measurement of Memory." In Springer Series in Measurement Science and Technology, 269–309. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07465-3_10.

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AbstractMemory ability, together with many other constructs related to disability and quality of life, is of growing interest in the social sciences, psychology and in health care examinations. This chapter will focus on two elements aiming at understanding, predicting, measuring and quality-assuring constructs with examples from memory measurements: (i) explicit methods for testing theories of the measurement mechanism and establishment of metrological standards and (ii) substantive theories explaining the constructs themselves. Building on entropy as a principal explanatory variable, analogous to its use in thermodynamics and information theory, we demonstrate how more fit-for-purpose and valid memory measurements can be enabled. Firstly, memory task difficulty, extracted from a Rasch psychometric analysis of memory measurements of experimental data such as from the European NeuroMET project, can be explained with a construct specification equation (CSE). Based on that understanding, the CSE can facilitate the establishment of objective and scalable units through the generation of novel certified reference “materials” for metrological traceability and comparability. These formulations of CSEs can also guide how best to compose new memory metrics, through a judicious choice of items from various legacy tests guided by entropy-based equivalence, which opens up opportunities for formulating new, less onerous but more sensitive and representative tests. Finally, we propose and demonstrate how to formulate CSEs for person ability, correlated statistically and clinically with sets of biomarkers, that can be a means of providing diagnostic information to enhance clinical decisions and targeted interventions.
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Cerrato, Antonio, and Michela Ponticorvo. "Enhancing Neuropsychological Testing with Gamification and Tangible Interfaces: The Baking Tray Task." In Biomedical Applications Based on Natural and Artificial Computing, 147–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59773-7_16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Task-based testing"

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Yang, Peng, Chao Chang, and Yong Tang. "Crowdsourced Testing Task Assignment based on Knowledge Graphs." In 2022 IEEE 22nd International Conference on Software Quality, Reliability and Security (QRS). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/qrs57517.2022.00072.

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Kamma, Damodaram, and Pankaj Jalote. "Effect of task processes on programmer productivity in model-based testing." In the 6th India Software Engineering Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2442754.2442758.

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de Jesus, Flávio Rezende, Leandro Guarino de Vasconcelos, and Laércio A. Baldochi. "Leveraging task-based data to support functional testing of web applications." In SAC 2015: Symposium on Applied Computing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2695664.2695917.

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Gao, Jing, and Yuqing Lan. "Automatic Test Task Allocation in Agent-Based Distributed Automated Testing Framework." In 2009 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Software Engineering. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cise.2009.5363572.

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Nicolaidis, Michael. "Special Session 2: Benchmarking and Standardization in Software-Based SER Characterization: Towards an IEEE Task Force?" In 14th IEEE International On-Line Testing Symposium. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iolts.2008.67.

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Pop, Nicoleta, Ionut Ulinici, Doina Pisla, Giuseppe Carbone, and Arailym Nysibalieva. "Kinect based user-friendly operation of LAWEX for upper limb exercising task." In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Automation, Quality and Testing, Robotics (AQTR). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aqtr49680.2020.9129914.

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Silva, Dhiego, Leticia Bolzani, and Fabian Vargas. "An intellectual property core to detect task schedulling-related faults in RTOS-based embedded systems." In 2011 IEEE 17th International On-Line Testing Symposium (IOLTS 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iolts.2011.5993805.

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Bruggemann, Jeremy J., James R. Cole, Jacob Gilbert, Gwynne Skaggs-Ryan, Micah Kecman, and Ou Ma. "Experimental Testbed for Testing a Robotics Based Identification Method." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-66651.

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As satellite on-orbit service operations become increasingly aggressive and complex (such as on-orbit refueling, rescuing, repairing, etc.), the need for identifying varied inertial properties of a satellite is becoming a critical task. The importance of this task stems from the dependence of spacecraft’s guidance, navigation and control system on these properties. In order to accurately control a spacecraft, its control system must be capable of fully identifying these properties as they change. Previous techniques use thruster firing or momentum wheels to accomplish this task. However a newly developed robotics based method requires measuring the spacecraft’s velocity changes only, which can be induced by an onboard robotic arm powered by solar energy. This paper gives a brief overview of this method and then focuses on the design of experimental verification of the method. The verification consists of a series of experiments including a simulated microgravity test onboard the NASA JSC Reduced Gravity aircraft in order to accurately simulate an environment similar to a flying satellite in orbit.
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Sequeros-Valle, Jose. "Experimental testing of the left periphery." In 11th International Conference of Experimental Linguistics. ExLing Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36505/exling-2020/11/0045/000460.

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This manuscript presents an empirical description of the left periphery based on the performance of speakers of Castilian Spanish in a corpus analysis, an acceptability judgment task, and a scripted production task. The picture drawn by the three studies look as follows: First, clitic-doubled left dislocations (CLLD) fulfil multiple discourse functions, but the construction is not completely free from discourse restrictions. Second, canonical utterances are also able to fulfil CLLD’s discourse functions. Third, CLLD does not present distinctive intonational patterns depending on the discourse function. Fourth, there is partial evidence that focus fronting (FF) presents an intonational pattern different than that of CLLD. The concluding section of the manuscript calls from a new model of the left periphery.
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Tappler, Martin, Filip Cano Córdoba, Bernhard K. Aichernig, and Bettina Könighofer. "Search-Based Testing of Reinforcement Learning." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/72.

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Evaluation of deep reinforcement learning (RL) is inherently challenging. Especially the opaqueness of learned policies and the stochastic nature of both agents and environments make testing the behavior of deep RL agents difficult. We present a search-based testing framework that enables a wide range of novel analysis capabilities for evaluating the safety and performance of deep RL agents. For safety testing, our framework utilizes a search algorithm that searches for a reference trace that solves the RL task. The backtracking states of the search, called boundary states, pose safety-critical situations. We create safety test-suites that evaluate how well the RL agent escapes safety-critical situations near these boundary states. For robust performance testing, we create a diverse set of traces via fuzz testing. These fuzz traces are used to bring the agent into a wide variety of potentially unknown states from which the average performance of the agent is compared to the average performance of the fuzz traces. We apply our search-based testing approach on RL for Nintendo's Super Mario Bros.
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Reports on the topic "Task-based testing"

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Nieto-Castanon, Alfonso. CONN functional connectivity toolbox (RRID:SCR_009550), Version 18. Hilbert Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.56441/hilbertpress.1818.9585.

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CONN is a Matlab-based cross-platform software for the computation, display, and analysis of functional connectivity in fMRI (fcMRI). Connectivity measures include seed-to-voxel connectivity maps, ROI-to- ROI connectivity matrices, graph properties of connectivity networks, generalized psychophysiological interaction models (gPPI), intrinsic connectivity, local correlation and other voxel-to-voxel measures, independent component analyses (ICA), and dynamic component analyses (dyn-ICA). CONN is available for resting state data (rsfMRI) as well as task-related designs. It covers the entire pipeline from raw fMRI data to hypothesis testing, including spatial coregistration, ART-based scrubbing, aCompCor strategy for control of physiological and movement confounds, first-level connectivity estimation, and second-level random-effect analyses and hypothesis testing.
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Nieto-Castanon, Alfonso. CONN functional connectivity toolbox (RRID:SCR_009550), Version 20. Hilbert Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.56441/hilbertpress.2048.3738.

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CONN is a Matlab-based cross-platform software for the computation, display, and analysis of functional connectivity in fMRI (fcMRI). Connectivity measures include seed-to-voxel connectivity maps, ROI-to- ROI connectivity matrices, graph properties of connectivity networks, generalized psychophysiological interaction models (gPPI), intrinsic connectivity, local correlation and other voxel-to-voxel measures, independent component analyses (ICA), and dynamic component analyses (dyn-ICA). CONN is available for resting state data (rsfMRI) as well as task-related designs. It covers the entire pipeline from raw fMRI data to hypothesis testing, including spatial coregistration, ART-based scrubbing, aCompCor strategy for control of physiological and movement confounds, first-level connectivity estimation, and second-level random-effect analyses and hypothesis testing.
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Nieto-Castanon, Alfonso. CONN functional connectivity toolbox (RRID:SCR_009550), Version 19. Hilbert Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.56441/hilbertpress.1927.9364.

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CONN is a Matlab-based cross-platform software for the computation, display, and analysis of functional connectivity in fMRI (fcMRI). Connectivity measures include seed-to-voxel connectivity maps, ROI-to- ROI connectivity matrices, graph properties of connectivity networks, generalized psychophysiological interaction models (gPPI), intrinsic connectivity, local correlation and other voxel-to-voxel measures, independent component analyses (ICA), and dynamic component analyses (dyn-ICA). CONN is available for resting state data (rsfMRI) as well as task-related designs. It covers the entire pipeline from raw fMRI data to hypothesis testing, including spatial coregistration, ART-based scrubbing, aCompCor strategy for control of physiological and movement confounds, first-level connectivity estimation, and second-level random-effect analyses and hypothesis testing.
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Tsidylo, Ivan M., Serhiy O. Semerikov, Tetiana I. Gargula, Hanna V. Solonetska, Yaroslav P. Zamora, and Andrey V. Pikilnyak. Simulation of intellectual system for evaluation of multilevel test tasks on the basis of fuzzy logic. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4370.

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The article describes the stages of modeling an intelligent system for evaluating multilevel test tasks based on fuzzy logic in the MATLAB application package, namely the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox. The analysis of existing approaches to fuzzy assessment of test methods, their advantages and disadvantages is given. The considered methods for assessing students are presented in the general case by two methods: using fuzzy sets and corresponding membership functions; fuzzy estimation method and generalized fuzzy estimation method. In the present work, the Sugeno production model is used as the closest to the natural language. This closeness allows for closer interaction with a subject area expert and build well-understood, easily interpreted inference systems. The structure of a fuzzy system, functions and mechanisms of model building are described. The system is presented in the form of a block diagram of fuzzy logical nodes and consists of four input variables, corresponding to the levels of knowledge assimilation and one initial one. The surface of the response of a fuzzy system reflects the dependence of the final grade on the level of difficulty of the task and the degree of correctness of the task. The structure and functions of the fuzzy system are indicated. The modeled in this way intelligent system for assessing multilevel test tasks based on fuzzy logic makes it possible to take into account the fuzzy characteristics of the test: the level of difficulty of the task, which can be assessed as “easy”, “average", “above average”, “difficult”; the degree of correctness of the task, which can be assessed as “correct”, “partially correct”, “rather correct”, “incorrect”; time allotted for the execution of a test task or test, which can be assessed as “short”, “medium”, “long”, “very long”; the percentage of correctly completed tasks, which can be assessed as “small”, “medium”, “large”, “very large”; the final mark for the test, which can be assessed as “poor”, “satisfactory”, “good”, “excellent”, which are included in the assessment. This approach ensures the maximum consideration of answers to questions of all levels of complexity by formulating a base of inference rules and selection of weighting coefficients when deriving the final estimate. The robustness of the system is achieved by using Gaussian membership functions. The testing of the controller on the test sample brings the functional suitability of the developed model.
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Haines(Archived), Harvey, Domenico Bellistri, and Jeff Vinyard. PR-366-173814-R01 Assessment of SCC with Advances in NDE including EMAT and IWEX Imaging. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011624.

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The goal of this project is to improve failure pressure estimates of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) colonies by advancing field measurements and comparison to in-line inspection (ILI) tool data. Electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) ILI technologies have made significant strides in providing crack depth measurements for SCC colonies, and emerging technologies such as ultrasonic testing (UT) imaging are providing more accurate in-ditch validation data. A project was proposed to improve failure pressure estimates, with 3 tasks spanning 3 years. This report covers the results of year 1 (task 1) which includes the development of ultrasonic imaging processes and procedures for gathering accurate in-ditch measurements of depth, length and separation for SCC. Year 2 (task 2) comprised filed trials of the ultrasonic imaging and collections and analysis of EMAT data. Validation will be performed and improvements to signal analysis for crack sizing and interaction will be made as needed. Year 3 (task 3) work will include validation by means of burst tests to evaluated the performance of the model that predicts failure pressure based on ultrasonic imaging measurements. The main focus of year 1 was comparing the dimensions of SCC colonies measured by X-ray computed tomography (XCT) to IWEX ultrasound imaging for thirty 4-in (10 cm) wide plates containing SCC colonies. For truth data, two of these samples were destructively evaluated by breaking open cracks frozen in liquid nitrogen and sectioning through multiple parallel cracks with subsequent polishing of samples. Comparisons of the XCT and IWEX to the freeze break sample results are presented in this report across profiles of cracks in an SCC colony.
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Hlushak, Oksana M., Svetlana O. Semenyaka, Volodymyr V. Proshkin, Stanislav V. Sapozhnykov, and Oksana S. Lytvyn. The usage of digital technologies in the university training of future bachelors (having been based on the data of mathematical subjects). [б. в.], July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3860.

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This article demonstrates that mathematics in the system of higher education has outgrown the status of the general education subject and should become an integral part of the professional training of future bachelors, including economists, on the basis of intersubject connection with special subjects. Such aspects as the importance of improving the scientific and methodological support of mathematical training of students by means of digital technologies are revealed. It is specified that in order to implement the task of qualified training of students learning econometrics and economic and mathematical modeling, it is necessary to use digital technologies in two directions: for the organization of electronic educational space and in the process of solving applied problems at the junction of the branches of economics and mathematics. The advantages of using e-learning courses in the educational process are presented (such as providing individualization of the educational process in accordance with the needs, characteristics and capabilities of students; improving the quality and efficiency of the educational process; ensuring systematic monitoring of the educational quality). The unified structures of “Econometrics”, “Economic and mathematical modeling” based on the Moodle platform are the following ones. The article presents the results of the pedagogical experiment on the attitude of students to the use of e-learning course (ELC) in the educational process of Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University and Alfred Nobel University (Dnipro city). We found that the following metrics need improvement: availability of time-appropriate mathematical materials; individual approach in training; students’ self-expression and the development of their creativity in the e-learning process. The following opportunities are brought to light the possibilities of digital technologies for the construction and research of econometric models (based on the problem of dependence of the level of the Ukrainian population employment). Various stages of building and testing of the econometric model are characterized: identification of variables, specification of the model, parameterization and verification of the statistical significance of the obtained results.
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Mazzoni, Silvia, Nicholas Gregor, Linda Al Atik, Yousef Bozorgnia, David Welch, and Gregory Deierlein. Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis and Selecting and Scaling of Ground-Motion Records (PEER-CEA Project). Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/zjdn7385.

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This report is one of a series of reports documenting the methods and findings of a multi-year, multi-disciplinary project coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) and funded by the California Earthquake Authority (CEA). The overall project is titled “Quantifying the Performance of Retrofit of Cripple Walls and Sill Anchorage in Single-Family Wood-Frame Buildings,” henceforth referred to as the “PEER–CEA Project.” The overall objective of the PEER–CEA Project is to provide scientifically based information (e.g., testing, analysis, and resulting loss models) that measure and assess the effectiveness of seismic retrofit to reduce the risk of damage and associated losses (repair costs) of wood-frame houses with cripple wall and sill anchorage deficiencies as well as retrofitted conditions that address those deficiencies. Tasks that support and inform the loss-modeling effort are: (1) collecting and summarizing existing information and results of previous research on the performance of wood-frame houses; (2) identifying construction features to characterize alternative variants of wood-frame houses; (3) characterizing earthquake hazard and ground motions at representative sites in California; (4) developing cyclic loading protocols and conducting laboratory tests of cripple wall panels, wood-frame wall subassemblies, and sill anchorages to measure and document their response (strength and stiffness) under cyclic loading; and (5) the computer modeling, simulations, and the development of loss models as informed by a workshop with claims adjustors. This report is a product of Working Group 3 (WG3), Task 3.1: Selecting and Scaling Ground-motion records. The objective of Task 3.1 is to provide suites of ground motions to be used by other working groups (WGs), especially Working Group 5: Analytical Modeling (WG5) for Simulation Studies. The ground motions used in the numerical simulations are intended to represent seismic hazard at the building site. The seismic hazard is dependent on the location of the site relative to seismic sources, the characteristics of the seismic sources in the region and the local soil conditions at the site. To achieve a proper representation of hazard across the State of California, ten sites were selected, and a site-specific probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) was performed at each of these sites for both a soft soil (Vs30 = 270 m/sec) and a stiff soil (Vs30=760 m/sec). The PSHA used the UCERF3 seismic source model, which represents the latest seismic source model adopted by the USGS [2013] and NGA-West2 ground-motion models. The PSHA was carried out for structural periods ranging from 0.01 to 10 sec. At each site and soil class, the results from the PSHA—hazard curves, hazard deaggregation, and uniform-hazard spectra (UHS)—were extracted for a series of ten return periods, prescribed by WG5 and WG6, ranging from 15.5–2500 years. For each case (site, soil class, and return period), the UHS was used as the target spectrum for selection and modification of a suite of ground motions. Additionally, another set of target spectra based on “Conditional Spectra” (CS), which are more realistic than UHS, was developed [Baker and Lee 2018]. The Conditional Spectra are defined by the median (Conditional Mean Spectrum) and a period-dependent variance. A suite of at least 40 record pairs (horizontal) were selected and modified for each return period and target-spectrum type. Thus, for each ground-motion suite, 40 or more record pairs were selected using the deaggregation of the hazard, resulting in more than 200 record pairs per target-spectrum type at each site. The suites contained more than 40 records in case some were rejected by the modelers due to secondary characteristics; however, none were rejected, and the complete set was used. For the case of UHS as the target spectrum, the selected motions were modified (scaled) such that the average of the median spectrum (RotD50) [Boore 2010] of the ground-motion pairs follow the target spectrum closely within the period range of interest to the analysts. In communications with WG5 researchers, for ground-motion (time histories, or time series) selection and modification, a period range between 0.01–2.0 sec was selected for this specific application for the project. The duration metrics and pulse characteristics of the records were also used in the final selection of ground motions. The damping ratio for the PSHA and ground-motion target spectra was set to 5%, which is standard practice in engineering applications. For the cases where the CS was used as the target spectrum, the ground-motion suites were selected and scaled using a modified version of the conditional spectrum ground-motion selection tool (CS-GMS tool) developed by Baker and Lee [2018]. This tool selects and scales a suite of ground motions to meet both the median and the user-defined variability. This variability is defined by the relationship developed by Baker and Jayaram [2008]. The computation of CS requires a structural period for the conditional model. In collaboration with WG5 researchers, a conditioning period of 0.25 sec was selected as a representative of the fundamental mode of vibration of the buildings of interest in this study. Working Group 5 carried out a sensitivity analysis of using other conditioning periods, and the results and discussion of selection of conditioning period are reported in Section 4 of the WG5 PEER report entitled Technical Background Report for Structural Analysis and Performance Assessment. The WG3.1 report presents a summary of the selected sites, the seismic-source characterization model, and the ground-motion characterization model used in the PSHA, followed by selection and modification of suites of ground motions. The Record Sequence Number (RSN) and the associated scale factors are tabulated in the Appendices of this report, and the actual time-series files can be downloaded from the PEER Ground-motion database Portal (https://ngawest2.berkeley.edu/)(link is external).
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L51744 Quality Assurance of MSS SP-75 Fittings. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), September 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010123.

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Fittings (elbows, tees, caps, and reducers) are the most common components used in pipelines that are typically furnished in a heat-treated condition, such as normalized, normalized and tempered, or quenched and tempered. Recent industry experience has shown that heat-treated pipeline components, particularly high yield strength fittings, have been produced using different manufacturing processes, various starting materials, and several methods of testing the finished products. In addition, serious The objective of this study was to establish guidelines that could be used to predict the properties of heat-treated fittings. Such guidelines then could be used to aid in the selection of steel compositions that would result in the required minimum strength properties of heat-treated fittings produced in accordance with the requirements of MSS SP-75, "Specification for High Test Wrought Butt Welding Fittings." A second use of those guidelines would be to estimate the properties of a fitting based upon hardness measurements and the composition of the steel.A review of the steels that have been used to produce heat-treated fittings, revealed that, because those steels possessed insufficient hardenability, their properties could not be calculated based upon established metallurgical relationships developed for through hardening steels. Consequently, attempts were made to establish empirical correlations between the strengths of heat-treated fittings and their chemical compositions based upon test reports obtained from actual fittings. Information from 54 test reports were reviewed in support of these attempts. The approach taken to satisfy this objective involved two tasks. Task 1 was to determine the pressure capacity requirements for fittings as a function of the pressure capability of the matching pipe. Task 2 consisted of defining the chemical composition requirements, heat treatment procedures, and mechanical properties required to achieve the pressure capacity of the heat-treated fittings.
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