Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tariff Developing countries

Academic literature on the topic 'Tariff Developing countries'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 30 January 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Contents

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Tariff Developing countries.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Tariff Developing countries"

1

Abbott, Philip, and B. Adair Morse. "Tariff Rate Quota Implementation and Administration by Developing Countries." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 29, no. 1 (April 2000): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500001490.

Full text
Abstract:
Tariff rate quota administration and implementation are empirically evaluated for the fourteen developing countries notifying the WTO of the use of TRQs. FAO trade data, UNCTAD data on applied tariffs and the WTO notifications permit us to assess underfill of quotas, discrimination among exporters, use of state trading as an implementation mechanism, and the extent of protection under these TRQs. Substantial liberalization was found, generally due to use of low MFN tariffs rather than through TRQs permitting greater market access. High tariff bindings and endogenous quotas allow these countries to pursue flexible trade regimes within their WTO commitments.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Kemal, A. R., Musleh-ud Din, and Ejaz Ghani. "Non-agricultural Market Access: A South Asian Perspective." Pakistan Development Review 44, no. 4II (December 1, 2005): 879–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v44i4iipp.879-900.

Full text
Abstract:
Despite the fact that the WTO has helped to reduce the overall level of tariffs with increased transparency, a majority of the developing countries with the capacity to increase exports of labour intensive manufactures continue to face significant barriers in accessing foreign markets. Tariff rates applied by the developed countries for textile and clothing and leather for instance are much higher than those on other manufacturing products such as electronics, computers and telecom equipment, thus indicating a clear discrimination against exports of the developing countries. Moreover, tariff peaks, tariff escalation, tariff rate quotas and other non-tariff measures including antidumping duties, countervailing duties, and safeguard measures to protect against serious injury from import surges, allowed under the WTO, have become major impediments to market access for developing countries exports.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

LABORDE, DAVID, WILL MARTIN, and DOMINIQUE VAN DER MENSBRUGGHE. "Implications of the Doha market access proposals for developing countries." World Trade Review 11, no. 1 (January 2012): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745611000437.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractThis paper uses detailed data on bound and applied tariffs to assess the consequences of the WTO's December 2008 Modalities for tariffs levied and faced by developing countries, and the welfare implications of these reforms. We find that the tiered formula for agriculture would halve tariffs in industrial countries and lower them more modestly in developing countries. In non-agricultural market access (NAMA), the formulas would reduce the tariff peaks facing developing countries and cut average industrial country tariffs by more than a third. We use a political-economy framework to assess the implications of flexibilities for the size of the tariff cuts and find they are likely to substantially reduce the outcome. However, despite the flexibilities, there are likely to be worthwhile gains, with applied tariffs facing developing countries cut by about 20% in agriculture and 28% in NAMA, and sizeable cuts in tariffs facing industrial countries. The welfare impacts of reform are evaluated using a new approach to aggregation that improves on the traditional, flawed approach of weighted-average tariffs. This substantially increases the estimated benefits of an agreement along the lines of these modalities, with estimated global income gains of up to $160 billion per year from market access reform.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Spearot, Alan. "Unpacking the Long-Run Effects of Tariff Shocks: New Structural Implications from Firm Heterogeneity Models." American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 8, no. 2 (May 1, 2016): 128–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mic.20140015.

Full text
Abstract:
I derive a novel solution for the general equilibrium effects of tariffs that is robust to heterogeneity across industries and countries, and is a function of only aggregate trade data and country-by-industry Pareto shape parameters. Using the model to evaluate tariff shocks, I show that while most countries lose by removing observed tariffs unilaterally, India, Japan, Korea, and the United States gain by doing so, which suggests inefficient tariff discrimination. In evaluating multilateral shocks, observed tariff cuts over 1994 –2000 benefit 69 percent of countries, with these benefits skewed toward developing nations. In contrast, removing all post-2000 tariffs benefit the developed. (JEL F12, F13, F14)
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

WANG, Mou. "International Governance on Carbon Tariff and Its Vacuum in International Regime." Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 01, no. 01 (December 2013): 1350008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345748113500085.

Full text
Abstract:
Drawing on the idea that countries are eligible to implement differentiated emission reduction policies based on their respective capabilities, some parties of UNFCCC attempt to weaken the principle of “Common but differentiated responsibilities(CBDR)” and impose carbon tariff on international trade. This initiative is in fact another camouflage to burden developing countries with emission cut obligation, which has no doubt undermined the development rights of developing countries. This paper defines Carbon Tariff as border measures that target import goods with embodied carbon emission. It can be import tariffs or other domestic tax measures that adjust border tax, which includes plain import tariffs and export rebates, border tax adjustment, emission quota and permit etc. For some developed countries, carbon tariffs mean to sever trade protectionism and to build trade barriers. Its theoretical arguments like “loss of comparative advantage”, “carbon leakage decreases environmental effectiveness” and “theoretical model bases” are pseudo-propositions without international consensus. Carbon tariff has become an intensively debated issue due to its duality of climate change and trade, but neither UNFCCC nor WTO has clarified this issue or has indicated a clear statement in this regard. As a result, it allows some parties to take advantage of this loophole and escape its international climate change obligation. Carbon tariff is an issue arising from global climate governance. To promote the cooperation of global climate governance and safeguard the social and economic development of developing countries, a fair and justified climate change regime and international trade institution should be established, and the settlement of the carbon tariff issue should be addressed within these frameworks. This paper argues that the international governance of carbon tariff should in cooperation with other international agreements; however, principles and guidelines regarding this issue should be developed under the UNFCCC. Based on these principles and guidelines, WTO can develop related technical operation provisions.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

WANG, Mou, Wen ZHANG, and Junyan LIU. "Disguised Carbon Tariff: Concept and Its Governance." Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 02, no. 02 (December 2014): 1450017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345748114500171.

Full text
Abstract:
Carbon tariff is a trade issue that is of great concern among the international community. The South and the North have big disputes on this issue because of the trade interests attached to it. Developing countries oppose to almost any policies and measures concerning carbon tariff. Hence, some countries seek alternative approaches to achieve similar effects of carbon tariff through more covert technical approaches, such as setting up production standards, carbon labeling, etc. This paper summarizes these covert approaches as "disguised carbon tariff", and defines them as policies and measures that can achieve similar effects as carbon tariff. These disguised carbon tariffs, although not levied at borders, impose the same restrictions on export products and services from developing countries. Disguised carbon tariff has diverse forms, existing in different regions, and has evolved into different new kinds. The governance of disguised carbon tariff requires reinforcing the leading position of the UNFCCC on the issue of carbon emission governance. Relevant international discussions on carbon emission issues should give high priority and respect to the principles in the UNFCCC, especially the "common but differentiated responsibilities" principle. Responsibilities and obligations between the developed and developing countries on tackling climate change should be treated differently. And an international cooperation model that is based on mutual trust between the South and the North should be established to achieve good environmental and climate governance.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Mburamatare, Daniel, William K. Gboney, and Jean De Dieu Hakizimana. "Electricity Tariff Design “Theoretical Concepts Vs Practices”: Review of Tariff Design Approaches in East Africa - Case Studies of Rwanda, Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 12, no. 5 (September 27, 2022): 260–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.13294.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper presents a comparative analysis between the theoretical concepts of tariffs design methodologies and tariff design practices in developing countries especially in East African countries including Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda and Kenya. The theoretical concepts impose regulatory principles to be followed by the utilities for a fair and efficient tariff. A well-defined and appropriate tariff structure must balance the financial sustainability of the sector on the one hand and the well-being of various segments of society on the other. Even if utilities in regulated markets, especially in East African Countries are currently supposed to apply dynamic pricing models, their governments are still providing significant subsidies and this can create operational inefficiencies. In addition, inappropriate dynamic pricing models can lead to cross subsidization between customers which violate the equity or non-discrimination principle of a good tariff which discourages use by the overcharged and promotes overconsumption by the subsidized. The work presented in this paper evaluate the performance of different methodologies used by developing countries to set electricity prices against the theoretical concepts of electricity dynamic pricing. It also highlights the opportunities and challenges to be addressed in order to set efficient and appropriate tariffs. The conclusion and policy recommendations are provided.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Ranjan, Prabhash. "Industrial Tariff Reduction: Why the Best Might Still Turn Out to Be the Worst?" Journal of World Trade 42, Issue 5 (October 1, 2008): 953–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2008038.

Full text
Abstract:
The issue of tariff reduction modality in negotiations on non–agricultural market access (NAMA) in the World Trade Organization (WTO) assumes importance in light of the role that industrial tariffs play in the industrial policy of many developing countries. This article analyzes the tariff reduction modality in NAMA in light of the basic principle of less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments that has been recognized as an integral component of NAMA negotiations in the Doha ministerial declaration, the General Council decision of 1 August 2004 and the Hong Kong Declaration. The article interprets less than full reciprocity in the NAMA negotiations and discusses the different tariff reduction formulas that could be used to fulfil the mandate of less than full reciprocity. It also provides a critique of the proposed tariff reduction modality given in the NAMA document issued on 8 February 2008. The article shows that the proposed tariff reduction modality with the proposed set of coefficients for developed and developing countries will fail in honouring the less than full reciprocity principle in reduction commitments.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Weerth, Carsten. "Tariffs of the World: Are Customs Duties Really Growing Unimportant?" Global Trade and Customs Journal 4, Issue 2 (February 1, 2009): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2009008.

Full text
Abstract:
Some scientists and authorities are arguing that tariffs are growing more and more unimportant since eight GATT/WTOTariff– Rounds have resulted in tremendous reductions of the original tariff rates in the late 1940ies. The Non–Tariff–Measures however are gaining more importance. A WCO–background–paper has been published in September 2008 which shows the amount of revenue of a state that is generated by customs duties. The results are amazing. Tariffs are not important any more for developed states however revenue from customs duties is of very much importance to the (least) developing countries. The WCO–background–paper is based on data of 142 countries, territories and economic unions (all referred to as ‘countries’).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Manushina, A. P., and A. V. Efimov. "The Role of the Eaeu Tariff Preferences Provided to the Goods of Developing Countries in Modern World Trade." International Trade and Trade Policy, no. 3 (October 8, 2019): 124–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2019-3-124-136.

Full text
Abstract:
Nowadays the trade policy of different countries is characterized by an increased spread of preferential trade regimes. These regimes serve as the initial stage of the creation of integration groups, contribute to the solution of economic and political problems. A striking example of the implementation of preferential trade regimes is the practice of granting tariff preferences, including to developing countries. These preferences are the benefits of the customs tariff in the implementation of trade and political relations with foreign countries and are provided in the form of a reduction in the rate of import customs duty on goods originating from developing countries-users of the Unified system of tariff preferences of the Eurasian economic Union (EAEU USTP). The article considers the role of tariff preferences in modern world trade. The study was conducted on the example of developing countries-using of the EAEU USTP. The article analyzes the practice of granting tariff preferences to developing countries, as well as the features of declaring goods originating from these countries.The relevance of the article lies in the fact that today the role of tariff preferences in the trade of the EAEU with third countries is constantly growing, stimulating foreign trade turnover. The findings of the study can be used to adjust the list of developing countries-users of the EAEU USTP and the list of preferential goods, taking into account the peculiarities of the development of modern world trade.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tariff Developing countries"

1

Cooke, Edgar F. A. "Essays on trade preferences of the USA and exports of developing countries." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/49937/.

Full text
Abstract:
The African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) and the Caribbean Basin Trade Protection Act (CBTPA) of the USA are trade preference programmes offering reduced tariffs to African countries. We investigate the impact of the preferences on the exports of the recipients in this thesis. Using annual data on mirror exports, macroeconomic, social, cultural and religious variables, we evaluate the impact of the preferences in three different ways—(1) difference-in-differences, (2) quantile and (3) matching estimators. As part of our review of the empirical evidence, we conduct a meta-analysis to summarise the quantitative AGOA literature. This is augmented with a meta-regression to investigate the presence of publication bias. In chapter 3, the first of the three empirical chapters, the question asked is, “has there been an observed increase in the exports of AGOA and CBTPA recipients to the USA compared to their exports to the rest of the world?” The identification of the impact consists of modelling the selection in exporting that occurs and accounting for the zero trade occurring at the HS-6 digit level of disaggregation. One result is that, the impact of the preference varies with the level of product aggregation. The two remaining chapters focus on the AGOA preference and is identified due to the exogenous provision of the preference. Chapter 4 adopts a matching approach while chapter 5 is based on a quantile regression. The matching estimates providing the mean impacts are negative for exports to the USA compared to the counter-factual. In Chapter 5, we show that, the impact of the preference on the recipients is unequal—oil exporters are the largest gainers. We decompose the impact by using the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition found in Machado and Mata (2005) for quantile regressions. We find that, the gains to AGOA recipients are confined to the top half of the export distribution—implying that the gains from AGOA are unequal and thus heterogeneous in their impact on the recipients.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Chigavazira, Farai. "The regulation of agricultural subsidies in the World Trade Organization framework : a developing country perspective." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/1874.

Full text
Abstract:
The Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) was adopted to eliminate the illegitimate use of tradedistorting agricultural subsidies and thereby reduce and avoid the negative effects subsidies have on global agricultural trade. However, the AoA has been fashioned in a way that is enabling developed countries to continue high levels of protectionism through subsidization, whilst many developing countries are facing severe and often damaging competition from imports artificially cheapened through subsidies. The regulation of subsidies in the World Trade Organisation (WTO) has been a highly sensitive issue. This is mainly due to the fear of compromising food security especially by developed countries. Developing countries have suffered negatively from the subsidy programmes of developed countries who continue to subsidize their agricultural sector. This position of the developing countries in the global trade system which has been described as weak, has drawn criticism that the WTO as it currently operates does not protect the interests of the weak developing nations, but rather strengthens the interests of the strong developed nations. The green box provisions which are specifically designed to regulate payments that are considered trade neutral or minimally trade distorting has grossly been manipulated by developed countries at the mercy of the AoA. Developed countries continue to provide trade distorting subsidies under the guise of green box support. This is defeating the aims and objectives of the AoA. The study examines the regulation of WTO agricultural subsidies from the developing countries’ belvedere. It looks at the problems WTO member states face with trade distorting subsidies, but focuses more on the impact these have on developing states. It scrutinizes the AoA’s provisions regulating subsidies with a view to identify any loopholes or shortcomings which undermine the interests and aspirations of developing countries. This is behind the background that some of the provisions of the AoA are lenient towards the needs of developed countries at the expense of developing countries.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Kouwoaye, Amèvi Rocard. "Essays on trade policies and poverty in developing countries." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40339.

Full text
Abstract:
[ommerciales et d’intégration sur la pauvreté dans les pays en développement. Elle analyse plus spécifiquement l’effet de l’adhésion au GATT et à l’OMC et des politiques tarifaires sur la pauvreté dans les pays en développement.] Dans le premier chapitre nous avons développé un modèle théorique basé sur le modèle Heckscher-Ohlin comportant une segmentation urbaine-rurale, avec des facteurs de production et des produits spécifiques à une région, pour expliquer le rôle de l’avantage comparatif dans la relation entre l’accession au GATT et à l’OMC et la pauvreté. Empiriquement, nous avons recouru aux méthodes économétriques d’appariement pour identifier les effets de l’adhésion au GATT et à l’OMC sur la pauvreté en utilisant un échantillon de 125 pays sur la période1980-2012. Nos résultats montrent que l’adhésion au GATT et à l’OMC a réduit la pauvreté dans les pays membres qui sont des exportateurs nets de produits agricoles et plus spécifiquement d’exportations de produits agricoles à forte intensité de main-d’œuvre. A l’inverse, l’adhésion au GATT et à l’OMC a accru la pauvreté dans les pays en développement qui sont des importateurs nets de produits agricoles. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous examinons les effets hétérogènes de l’adhésion au GATT et à l’OMC sur la pauvreté. Nous utilisons un modèle Heckscher-Ohlin avec une dimension régionale et des différences de productivité entre pays pour montrer les effets de l’accession au GATT et à l’OMC sur la pauvreté peuvent varier considérablement d’un pays à l’autre en fonction de leur productivité et de leurs dotations factorielles et par conséquent de leur niveau initial de pauvreté. En conséquence, nous utilisons la régression quantile pour tester que l’adhésion a des répercussions différentes pour des pays regroupés dans différents quantiles de pauvreté. Nos résultats révèlent que l’adhésion au GATT et à l’OMC augmente considérablement la pauvreté dans tous les quantiles. L’augmentation de la pauvreté est plus élevée dans les pays les plus pauvres (quantiles supérieurs) que dans les pays les moins pauvres (quantiles inférieurs). Enfin, dans le troisième chapitre, nous évaluons les effets des politiques tarifaires consistant à réduire la taxe sur le commerce international couplé de l’augmentation des taxes domestiques sur la pauvreté dans les pays en développement. Nous modélisons le lien entre les réformes tarifaires et la pauvreté comme hétérogène entre les pays en utilisant un échantillon de 91 pays en développement sur la période 1980-2016. Nos résultats montrent que le passage des taxes sur le commerce international aux taxes nationales avec neutralité des recettes fiscales réduit la pauvreté dans les pays qui ont consolidé en moyenne leur avantage comparatif dans le secteur agricole ; par contre la pauvreté augmente dans les pays qui sont passés d’exportateurs nets à des importateurs nets de produits agricoles.
This thesis investigates theoretically and empirically the effects of trade policies and trade integration on poverty in developing countries. More specifically, we are interested in the effects of GATT/WTO membership on poverty and the effects of trade tax reforms on poverty in developing countries. In the first chapter, we develop a Heckscher-Ohlin framework featuring an urban-rural segmentation, with region-specific and product-specific factors and goods to explain the role of comparative advantage in how GATT/WTO accession impacts on poverty. We rely on matching econometrics to identify the effects of GATT/WTO membership on poverty using a sample of 125 countries over the 1980-2012 period. Our results show that the GATT/WTO membership decreased poverty in member countries that are net exporters of agricultural products and more specifically of labor-intensive agricultural exports. In contrast, GATT/WTO accession increased poverty in developing countries that are net importers of agricultural products. In the second chapter, we we develop a Heckscher-Ohlin model with a regional segmentation and country-specific productivity shifters to show that the incidence of GATT/WTO adhesion generally depends on productivity and endowment differences and hence on the level of poverty prior to adhesion. This justifies an empirical model featuring a quantile regression approach. This approach allows us to test that the effects of GATT/WTO on poverty vary across countries belonging to different poverty quantiles. Our results reveal that GATT/WTO membership increases significantly poverty across the entire conditional poverty distribution. Countries with high initial poverty rates suffer higher poverty increases than countries with lower poverty rates. Finally, in the third chapter, we assess trade-tax reforms induced by the reduction in trade taxes that typically accompany participation in multilateral and regional trade agreements in terms of their effects on poverty in developing countries. We model the trade tax reforms poverty nexus as heterogeneous across countries with cross-sectionally dependent errors usinga sample of 91 developing countries over 1980-2016 period. We find that a shift from taxeson international trade towards domestic taxes under revenue-neutrality reduces poverty in the countries that have consolidated on average over time their comparative advantage in agriculture while it increases poverty in countries that moved from being net exporters to net importers of agricultural products.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Sánchez, Arnau Juan Carlos. "The generalised system of preferences and the developing countries' trade /." Fribourg : [s.n.], 2001. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00054029.pdf.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Grimett, Leticia Anthea. "An analysis of selected World Trade Organisation agreements to determine whether they discriminate unfairly against developing economices." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008368.

Full text
Abstract:
The focus of this thesis is the question whether or not the WTO discriminates unfairly against developing economies. In the absence of a test of guidelines for detennining unfairness or fairness of WTO provisions or Agreements has been drawn up using welfare economic and constitutional law principles as a foundation. Unfairness is therefore determined by asking whether the provisions of each Agreement are rational, proportional, efficient and whether they prevent the abuse of power amongst states. In addition, the economic effects of the provisions of the selected Agreements have been analysed to determine whether the relevant provisions are welfare enhancing and conclusive to promoting growth and development within developing economies. The Agreements chosed for analysis are the Agreements on Trade-related Investment Measures (TRIMS), Trade-related Intellectual Property (TRIPS), Agriculture and Services (GATS). The dispute settlement and negotiating process, labour standards and the impact of decreasing most-favoured nation rates on developing economy competitiveness is also discussed. Application of the test has shown that the WTO provisions do not reflect the interests of all members. Even though most member states are developing economies, the3 Agreements constantly cater foe developed country concerns and interests. Where provision is made for developing country interests, it is the LDC's who are favoured, with nonnal developing economies being bound by the same provisions as the developed economies. A fonnal, as opposed to a substantive, defmition has been adopted by the WTO, with a result that the process of equality is placed above the outcomes. While concessions have been made to development, members have not gone for enough. A main reason for the imbalance can be attributed to the negotiating process, which is based upon concessionary bargaining and trade-off. Those states with greater economic power are therefore at an advantage as they have the leverage needed to influence the outcomes of negotiations and hence the provisions of the various Agreements. Even with the LDC's, the WTO has been found to discriminate unfairly against developing economies because it does not adequately address developing country concerns.
KMBT_363
Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Ray, Elizabeth Thompson. "The Effects of Trade Liberalization Policies on Human Development in Selected Least Developed Countries." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5440/.

Full text
Abstract:
This dissertation examines the effects of trade liberalization policies (represented by membership in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organization on selected Least Developed Countries' (LDCs) human development (represented by the Human Development Index). In this dissertation, General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and World Trade Organization (WTO) policies are theorized to have two distinct types of effects: their direct effect and their indirect effect. Two questions are focused on: first, what is the effect (total, direct and indirect) of WTO policies on human development for selected LDCs? Second, what is the effect (total, direct and indirect) of WTO policies on human development for selected developing/developed countries (i.e. non-LDCs) holding economic development constant? Using the dependency theory of development as a theoretical basis, this dissertation examines the assumptions of modernization-theory-based policies as expressed in trade liberalization policies (i.e. the implementation of comparative advantage and now market fundamentalism) with world-system analysis techniques. To examine these questions, four panel regression models are constructed to measure the total, direct and indirect effects of WTO policies during the near-term (1998-2003) and during a longer historical term (1975-2000). The data for the analyses are taken from seven different sources of international data. The analyses seemingly demonstrate that there are quantifiable negative effects of GATT/WTO membership (trade liberalization policies) on human development in selected LDCs. The current implementation of trade liberalization policies does not benefit the well-being of all concerned as promoted by the WTO.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Alavi, Amin M. "Studying legalization : special and differential treatments of developing countries in the WTO /." København, 2007. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/557355508.pdf.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Dube, Memory. "The WTO Non-Agricultural Market Access (NAMA) negotiations and developing countries: In pursuit of the ‘development agenda’." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28451.

Full text
Abstract:
The Non-Agricultural Market Access Negotiations (NAMA) are being undertaken as part of the Doha Round of negotiations. NAMA negotiations are aimed at the trade liberalisation of industrial goods. Pursuant to the ‘development agenda’ adopted for the Doha Round, the NAMA negotiations also emphasise the development component. Particular emphasis is be made on tariff reductions in products of export interest to developing countries and the negotiations are to take special account of the needs and interests of developing countries, including through less than full reciprocity in accordance with the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) provisions on special and differential treatment (SDT). This research attempts to determine this ‘development agenda’ through the prism of special and differential treatment as provided for in the NAMA mandate. An analysis of the SDT provisions in the World Trade Organisation (WTO) and their application within the multilateral trading system reveals that SDT is a very controversial concept. Developing countries have used SDT to escape the strictures of multilateral trading rules and developed countries have used it as a ‘carrot and stick’ tool, to gain concessions from developing countries in other areas. SDT has further been revealed as a concept whose meaning and content is not very precise. While the provisions in the GATT as well as the Enabling Clause make good political and economic sense, they are not really actionable. This is because the concept is characterised by best-endeavour provisions that lack any legal force and cannot be adjudicated in the WTO Dispute Settlement Body. Developed countries have thus not been called and cannot be called, legally, to account for lack of delivery on their commitments and obligations with regard to SDT. This has effectively constrained the use of SDT as a development tool within the WTO, and, being the only tool being utilised, there needs to be found an alternative way to address development needs in the WTO. The WTO has sought to address this through efforts to amend SDT to make it more precise, effective and operational. The content and meaning of the ‘development agenda’ itself in the Doha Round is very elusive and an effort is made in this paper to determine the appropriate meaning of development in relation to the multilateral trading system. Development as an objective in the WTO is not novel to the Doha Round. The WTO is littered with references to development and the betterment of the human condition in its preamble to agreements and other provisions. Development has to be considered in al its three dimensions: social, political and economical. While this paper does not advocate that the WTO become a fully fledged development institution, it can shape its development agenda in such a way that benefits on the economic front are designed to stimulate socio-economic development as well. An analysis of the NAMA modalities reveals that mercantilist objectives have triumphed in the negotiations and SDT has been lost by the wayside. Developed countries have sought for radical tariff reductions on the part of developing countries, with meagre flexibilities that are further constrained by requirements that no full sector be excluded from the formula cuts. SDT has not been considered and the commitments are not proportional to the development capacity of most developing countries. This is in direct contradiction to the SDT provisions in the GATT that are supposed to guide the negotiations as well as the provision on tariff negotiations. However, the modalities are not legally contestable because the SDT provisions do not hold any legal suasion. The NAMA negotiations reveal a development vacuity within the WTO that needs to be resolved by other means other than the traditional SDT. Taking into consideration the evolving power bases and the politics of the membership of the WTO, this is an imperative. This paper proposes that Aid for Trade is the best option available to the WTO system. The concept does find support in GATT/WTO provisions on SDT and can be modified to be more predictable and sustainable.
Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Centre for Human Rights
unrestricted
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Arnesson, Daniel. "Subsidizing Global Solar Power : A contemporary legal study of existing and potential international incentives for solar PV investments in developing countries." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-28555.

Full text
Abstract:
With national cuts on solar PV subsidies and the current “oversupply” of panels, the global solar market is clearly threatened by a contraction. Yet, the need for more solar power is apparent, particularly for the world’s poor and vulnerable population. Instead of securing modern energy access for these people, trade interests have triggered a counterproductive solar trade war. This contemporary legal study addresses these issues by examining existent and potential instruments for stimulating a North-to-South solar capital flow. The research finds that recent reforms of the CDM will do little difference from previous deficiencies, as local investment barriers are not reflected in the monetary support of the clean development mechanism. Competing technologies are successfully keeping solar out of the game while baseline requirements are undermining the poor. Inspired by national renewable energy law and policy, international alternatives could address these shortcomings. While feed-in tariffs have been commonly advocated, the REC model seems far more appropriate in an international context. Its ability to be traded separately from the electricity makes it a perfect candidate as a substitute for the CDM. Entrusted with certain features it could address the geographical unbalance and provide with greater investor certainty. But the scheme(s) are under current WTO regulations required to be non-discriminatory, making it highly questionable to believe that developed countries would ever fund such incentive. It is not likely that solar capital exporters want Chinese solar PV manufacturers, who are already receiving significant production subsidies, to receive the same benefits as other producers. However, if countries adversely effected by subsidies where allowed to offset the injury by discriminating Chinese producers in international REC schemes, the Author believes that it would be easier to sell such a concept and implement it, for the benefits of climate change mitigation and adaptation as well as the world’s vulnerable and poor nations. However, this would require extensive reforms under WTO which the Author calls for.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Gerona, Morales Marcelo Esteban. "El comercio de productos agrícolas en la Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC)." Quito : Abya-Yala, 2005. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/65189840.html.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Tariff Developing countries"

1

Dessus, Seb́astien. Multilateral tariff liberalisation and the developing countries. Paris: OECD, 1999.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Balassa, Bela A. U.S. trade policy towards developing countries. Washington, DC (1818 H St., NW, Washington 20433): Office of the Vice President, Development Economics, World Bank, 1989.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Dean, Judith Myrle. Quantifying the value of U.S. tariff preferences for developing countries. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2006.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Ferreira, Jonathan R. U.S. trade preferences for developing countries. Edited by Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service. [Hauppauge,] N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2012.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Edwards, Sebastian. On uniform import tariffs in developing countries. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1990.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Erzan, Refik. Tariff valuation bases and trade among developing countries: Do developing countries discriminate against their own trade? Washington, DC (1818 H St., NW, Washington 20433): International Economics Dept., World Bank, 1990.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Pritchett, Lant. Measuring outward orientation in developing countries: Can it be done? Washington, DC (1818 H Street, NW, Washington 20433): Country Economics Dept., the World Bank, 1991.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Hoekman, Bernard M. Developing countries and the Uruguay Round: Negotiations on services. [Washington, DC]: World Bank, Europe and Central Asia, and Middle East and North Africa Regions Technical Dept., Finance and private Sector Development Division, 1993.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Anderson, Kym. Doha merchandise trade reform: What's at stake for developing countries ? Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2006.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Alexandraki, Katerina. The impact of preference erosion on middle-income developing countries. [Washington D.C.]: International Monetary Fund, Policy Development and Review Dept., 2004.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Tariff Developing countries"

1

Hiemenz, Ulrich. "EC Protectionism against Developing Countries — General Tariff and Non-tariff Trade Barriers." In Trade Policies towards Developing Countries, 202–15. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22982-6_15.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Spinanger, Dean. "MFA and Article 115: Two Complementary EC Non-tariff Barriers." In Trade Policies towards Developing Countries, 259–71. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22982-6_18.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Sampson, Gary P. "Non-Tariff Barriers Facing Developing Country Exports." In Developing Countries and the Global Trading System, 171–88. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20417-5_9.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Cheng, Fuzhi. "Chapter Nineteen. Tariff Escalation in World Agricultural Trade (10-11)." In Case Studies in Food Policy for Developing Countries, edited by Per Pinstrup-Andersen and Fuzhi Cheng, 245–57. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9780801466380-023.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Dupraz, Cathie Laroche, and Alan Matthews. "The Value of Agricultural Tariff Rate Quotas to Developing Countries." In The WTO, Developing Countries and the Doha Development Agenda, 130–57. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230523265_6.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Bacchetta, Marc, and Bijit Bora. "Industrial Tariffs, LDCs and the Doha Development Agenda." In The WTO, Developing Countries and the Doha Development Agenda, 161–89. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230523265_7.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

"Non-Tariff Barriers." In How Developing Countries Trade. Routledge, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203479629.ch3.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

"NON-TARIFF BARRIERS: INTENTIONAL DIVERSION." In How Developing Countries Trade, 55–83. Routledge, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203479629-5.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Fliess, Barbara, and Iza Lejarraga. "Non-tariff Barriers of Concern to Developing Countries." In Looking Beyond Tariffs, 227–95. OECD, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264014626-10-en.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Abbott, Philip, and B. Adair Morse. "How developing countries are implementing tariff-rate quotas." In Agriculture and the New Trade Agenda, 74–100. Cambridge University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511550676.005.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Tariff Developing countries"

1

Hulu, Kevin Ginevra Arota, and Andyka Kusuma. "Analysis of Tariff Integration Between MRT and TransJakarta*." In 2nd International Symposium on Transportation Studies in Developing Countries (ISTSDC 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.200220.018.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Orosz, Matthew S., and Amy V. Mueller. "Dynamic Simulation of Performance and Cost of Hybrid PV-CSP-LPG Generator Micro Grids With Applications to Remote Communities in Developing Countries." In ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2015-49513.

Full text
Abstract:
Energy infrastructure in rural areas of developing countries is currently deployed on an ad-hoc basis via grid extension, public and private sector solar home system (SHS) service using photovoltaic (PV) panels, and community distributed generation systems, also called mini or micro grids. Universal access to energy is increasingly pursued as a policy objective via e.g. the U.N. Millennium Develop Goals (MDG), Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All), and U.S. Power Africa initiatives. Rational allocation of energy infrastructure for 1.6b people currently lacking access requires a screening process to determine the economic break-even distance and consumer connection density favoring topologically diverse energy technology approaches. Previous efforts have developed approaches to determine grid-connection break-even distances, but work on micro-grid and SHS break-even distance and density is limited. The present work develops an open access modeling platform with the ability to simulate various configurations of PV, Concentrating Solar Power (CSP), and fueled generator backup systems with exhaust waste heat recovery. Battery and thermal storage options are examined, and typical meteorological year (TMY) data is combined with probabilistic and empirical load curve data to represent the appropriate physical dynamics. Power flow control strategy and infrastructure is optimized for a minimum tariff (USD/kWh) for cost recovery. Cost functions derived from manufacturers’ data enable performance and economic assessment for a case study micro grid in Lesotho.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Kumar, Ravi. "US-China Trade War: Impact on Sustainable Development in Developing Nations with particular reference to South Asia." In 7th GoGreen Summit 2021. Technoarete, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/978-93-92106-02-6.10.

Full text
Abstract:
The ongoing trade war between the U.S. and China has devastating effects on the developing nations. The trade war is nothing but damaging another country's trade by imposing tariffs and trade barriers on other goods. The impact of this trade war is more intensive to the economy of those nations that are all more integrated with the global economy. The developing countries are most affected by this ongoing trade war between the U.S. and China. Its effects are not only limited to the economic slowdown, but at the same time, it hampers the environment a lot. The trade war is affecting the forest reserve of the amazon basin and the sub-Saharan desert, which is known as the lung of earth. At the same time, excessive industrialization causes wide-scale deforestation and desertification in developing and developed countries due to the rise of carbon. This study mainly focuses on the US-China trade war and its impact on the economies of the developing nations with the particular reference of south Asian countries. Meanwhile, this research work will also analyze its adverse effects on the environment.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Ahuja, Anil K., Sanjay Pande, Vivek Gangwar, Yogesh Sharma, and Anubhav Dahiya. "A Study of Indian Power Plant MRO (Maintenance Repair Overhaul) Industry." In ASME 2008 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2008-60023.

Full text
Abstract:
Indian power sector has made significant progress despite legacy industry constraints. The current installed capacity is 140,000 MW and is growing at about 10% annually. The capacity utilization is beyond known benchmarks i.e. national average is over 78% and while NTPC over 92%. Traditional Indian MRO strategy is based on strategic improvisations to obtain the best out of prevailing industry and restricted maintenance windows. Power plant MRO in India faces issues of service and quality response. It presents an area which has scope for systemic improvements. The subject is also important due to linkage to energy efficiency improvement potentials which are central to global climate initiatives. “MRO Study Project” was undertaken by NTPC (along with Frost & Sullivan) with participation of other Indian generating companies to create a holistic industry view to accurately directionalize the improvement efforts. Power plant MRO is a weakly documented subject in India whereas for industrial countries it’s an almost settled issue. The project — which targeted creation of insights into power station and vendor side — therefore called for significant primary research. Teams visited most of the 36 participating Indian power stations and interviewed 40 MRO vendors (out of 200 participants). For best practice reference creation, visits were made to 7 power stations in Germany while information was also gathered from USA, South Africa and China. The project deliverables include a project report and certain data base considered useful to the industry. Indian power plant MRO has evolved around capacity utilization as the centre. The processes are man power intensive characterized by 1000 very small vendors who work for some 140 thermal stations. Survey indicated service and quality issues as well as inadequate technical back up of vendors which is compensated by plant personnel supervision. New objectives of efficiency improvement and costs reduction call for fundamental changes in areas of tooling, craft skill sets and procedures. MRO Destination envisions emergence of new industry components other than workforce providers — maintenance companies, maintenance schools, certification companies etc. The road map for change recommends three key focus areas: tariff structure which incentivizes efficiency improvement through MRO, best practice infusion to the MRO business and contracting processes improvements of power stations. Involvement of international vendors is expected to provide the best practice exposure as well as catalyze changes in the internal systems. Industry level initiative is recommended by creating a platform for accelerating change and cost effectiveness. The paper presents the project process, key data/analysis, salient findings and business opportunities. For India and many developing countries with similar focus, the work could be useful as it provides a structured platform for internal diagnostics on MRO as well as provides the prospective partners (international utilities and MRO service providers) with Indian MRO business nuances and opportunities to better plan possible business tie ups.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Sa´nchez, D., H. Frej, J. M. Mun˜oz de Escalona, R. Chacartegui, and T. Sa´nchez. "Alternative Approach to Determining the Preferred Plant Size of Parabolic Trough CSP Power Plants." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-46585.

Full text
Abstract:
The share of Concentrated Solar Power plants in power generation has increased significantly in the last decade due to the need to develop and deploy clean technologies that help reduce the carbon footprint of the power generation industry and, at the same time, are less voracious in terms of fossil fuel consumption. As a governmental support to promote the installation of solar plants, different incentives are found in most countries: complementary rates to the market price of electricity (premium), tax credits, financial support, long term power purchase agreements and, in general, other mechanisms that are generally grouped in a “feed-in tariff” that should ideally be more demanding (stringent) over time. The objective of these measures is to make this technology competitive in the mid/long term. At the same time, and in order to distribute these economical resources as fairly as possible, governments have usually limited the power output of those power plants benefitting from these incentives, as a means to prevent oligopolies that would eventually stop technology evolution while concentrating on preserving market conditions. This has led to the common 50 and 80 MW limits that exist in Spain and the USA respectively. As a consequence, OEMs and EPCs have focused on developing reliable and cost-effective CSP plants of these sizes, especially 50 MW. This work is based on unrestrained regulatory or market scenarios, with the aim of finding out which plant size yields the best efficiency at the lowest cost of electricity (COE). In other words, the objective is to establish the plant size of interest for power producers and consumers, should CSP facilities compete in the same market conditions as conventional fossil-fuel plants. The work begins by reviewing briefly the origins of the usual constraints applied to CSP plants. Then, a survey of existing literature dealing with the issue of technical and economic CSP optimization is presented, with a special focus on the work by B. Kelly from Nexant Inc. Taking this work as reference, a model of performance of parabolic trough plants developed in Thermoflex environment to put forth strong project specific feature of CSP facilites. Thermal storage and natural gas hybridization are included among the key design parameters.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Tariff Developing countries"

1

Edwards, Sebastian. On Uniform Import Tariffs in Developing Countries. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3347.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Avis, William. China’s Preferential Trading Schemes for Developing Countries. Institute of Development Studies, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.134.

Full text
Abstract:
This literature review collates available evidence on China’s preferential trading schemes for developing countries. It draws on a diverse range of sources from multiple academic disciplines and grey literature. The review focuses explicitly on that literature that discusses preferential trade agreements as a specific form of free trade agreements. The review acknowledges that impacts are multidimensional and multifaceted and will be reflected differently across sectors and countries making conclusions hard to reach. One of the most important elements of many countries trade policy since the turn of the century has been the rapid growth of various forms of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs). There are different definitions of PTAs, some include regional trade agreements as a form of PTA i.e. where a country gives preferential trade to your regional partners - this is not always true and WTO does not define RTAs as PTA. A preferential trade area established via a preferential trade agreement is a trading bloc that gives preferential access to certain products from participating countries. This is accomplished by reducing trade tariffs and is considered a first stage of economic integration.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Ayele, Seife, Wei Shen, Tadesse Kuma Worako, Lucy H. Baker, and Samson Hadush. Renewable Energy Procurement in Ethiopia: Overcoming Obstacles in Procurement from Independent Power Producers. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.064.

Full text
Abstract:
Developing countries are increasingly using auctions for the procurement of utility-scale renewable electricity, due to the potential for attracting private investment. However, auction design and implementation can face serious obstacles due to complex context-specific factors. In 2017, Ethiopia launched its Public–Private Partnership (PPP) policy and procurement framework to promote infrastructure development, including electricity generation. Since 2018, it has organised renewable energy auctions to procure new capacity from independent power producers (IPPs). However, the new framework faces numerous challenges. Using a literature review and primary data from more than 70 interviews and from stakeholder consultations, this study explores the political economy challenges and opportunities facing IPP project preparation, decision-making, coordination and implementation, and risks to investors. To date, Ethiopia has held two rounds of tenders to procure 1,000 megawatts (MW) of electricity from eight projects; the first tender for two solar photovoltaic (PV) projects led to the signing of Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) and was hailed as one of the cheapest tariff rates in sub-Saharan Africa, at US$2.526 cents/kilowatt hour (kWh) over 25 years. However, none of the projects have yet become operational. This study also finds fault lines impeding the implementation of IPP projects, including the risk of foreign currency availability and convertibility of Ethiopian birr to expatriate profits. It proposes measures to overcome these obstacles and mitigate risks, to put Ethiopia on course to achieve universal access to electricity by 2030.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Tariff Developing countries' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography