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1
Smith, Ailsa Lorraine. "Taranaki waiata tangi and feelings for place." Lincoln University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/2137.
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The occupation of Moutoa Gardens in 1995 highlighted efforts by Whanganui iwi to draw attention to the non-settlement of long-standing land grievances arising out of land confiscations by the Crown in New Zealand in the 1860s. Maori attitudes to land have not been well understood by successive New Zealand governments since that time, nor by many Pakeha New Zealanders. In an effort to overcome that lack of understanding, this thesis studies a particular genre of Maori composition; namely, waiata tangi or songs of lament, which contain a strong indigenous sense of place component. The waiata used in this study derive from my tribal area of Taranaki, which is linked historically and through whakapapa with Whanganui iwi. These waiata were recorded in manuscript form in the 1890s by my great-grandfather Te Kahui Kararehe, and are a good source from which to draw conclusions about the traditional nature of Maori feelings for place. Two strands run throughout this thesis. The first examines the nature of Maori feelings for place and land, which have endured through primary socialisation to the present day. By focusing upon a form of expression that reveals the attachment of Maori towards their ancestral homelands, it is hoped that the largely monocultural Pakeha majority in New Zealand will be made aware of that attachment. It is also hoped that Pakeha may be suitably informed of the consequences of colonialist intervention in the affairs of the Maori people since 1840, which have resulted in cultural deprivation and material disadvantage at the present day. In the current climate of government moves to address the problems bequeathed them by their predecessors, it is important that the settlement of land claims and waterways under the Treaty of Waitangi should proceed unhindered by misapprehension and misinformation on the part of the public at large. The second strand of my thesis concerns the waiata texts themselves, which I wish to bring to the attention of the descendants of the composers of those waiata, who may or may not know of their existence. Since so much of value has been lost to the Maori world it is important that the culturally precious items that remain should be restored as soon as possible to those to whom they rightfully belong. Key themes examined in this thesis are the nature of Maori "feelings" for place and a "sense" of place; Maori research methodologies and considerations, including Maori cosmology and genealogical lines of descent; ethical concerns and intellectual property rights; ethnographic writings from the nineteenth century which tried to make sense of Maori imagery and habits of thought; the Kahui Papers from which the waiata were drawn; and the content and imagery of the waiata themselves. I also discuss the use of hermeneutics as a methodological device for unlocking the meanings of words and references in the waiata, and present the results both from a western sense of place perspective and a Maori viewpoint based on cultural concepts and understandings.
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Finnis, Kristen Kay, and n/a. "Resilience and vulnerability in communities around Mt Taranaki." University of Otago. Department of Geology, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070503.100402.
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The aim of this thesis is to examine the resilience and vulnerability of Taranaki communities to volcanic hazards, and to propose a strategy to ensure the safety and longevity of Taranaki residents in the event of an eruption.
Mt Taranaki is a dormant volcano that is surrounded by a ring plain populated by over 100,000 people. The volcano has had an average eruptive cycle of 330 years, with the last eruption dated at ~1755 AD. Hazards include ash fall, lahars, debris avalanches and pyroclastic density currents. Inglewood, Stratford and Opunake are the largest population centres located in moderate to high hazard zones, and for this reason were chosen as the study communities.
Resilience is defined as the capacity to respond to a hazard event by physically and psychologically recovering, adapting to, or changing to similar or better conditions than those experienced before the event. Vulnerability is defined to be people�s incapacity to cope with a hazardous event as a result of their personal characteristics. A person�s vulnerability and resilience is influenced by demographic variables, socio-cognitive variables and preparedness.
Inglewood, Stratford and Opunake adults have good self-efficacy and action-coping use, fair risk perceptions, outcome expectancy and response efficacy, but poor understanding of event timing relative to eruption probability, critical awareness, preparedness and information-seeking intentions and preparedness levels. Preparedness is found to be influenced by residents� intentions to prepare, which in turn are influenced by critical awareness, action-coping and outcome expectancy.
Taranaki students have a fair awareness of hazard and knowledge of correct response behaviours to various hazards. Preparedness, in terms of preparedness measures undertaken, emergency plans made and emergency practices in place, is low. Students who have participated in hazard-education programmes have a better knowledge of response behaviours, lower levels of hazard-related fear, and reported higher level of preparedness.
Spatial analyses, carried out to determine the geographic distribution of at-risk groups within the study communities, showed that the areas most at-risk tend to be those with the highest population densities. The spatial analysis was not as beneficial as expected, due to small data sets, but did provide some results to be considered as a basis for further research.
Effective public education can be achieved when delivered to a set of guidelines, such as providing information regularly through multiple media and sources, ensuring consistent messages, targeting information to at-risk groups and monitoring programme effectiveness. Community capacity building projects decrease aspects of vulnerability and build resilience by working at a local scale and targeting at-risk groups. Psychological preparedness education helps citizens to mentally prepare for an event and should be a component of all projects.
The proposed strategy calls for (a) forming partnerships with relevant stakeholders to assist with public education, research, and funding, (b) further research into the characteristics of Taranaki communities and effective public education campaigns, (c) the development and implementation of a public education schedule and projects that build community capacity, and d) long-term planning, periodic revision of programmes and consistent public engagement.
3
Keenan, Lauren, and n/a. "Maori perspectives and the Waitangi Tribunal : the 1996 Taranaki report." University of Otago. Department of History, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070504.110209.
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This thesis assesses the extent to which the 1996 Waitangi Tribunal report "Taranaki Report Kaupapa Tuatahi" allowed for and took heed of Maori forms of telling history. In particular, this thesis examines whether the Tribunal reconciles the differences between a Maori perspective and the Western university tradition, or if Maori history is manipulated by the Tribunal process. Due to the nature of the Waitangi Tribunal, as well as its empowering statute, the extent to which it may incorporate the Maori history within its reports is limited, it does not incorporate other means by which Maori tell their histories. The Waitangi Tribunal process, however, has had an unforseen outcome: the compilation and preservation of a fantastic historical primary source detailing Maori history. It is imperative that this resource not go unrecognised, and that these primary sources are able to be accessed by researches with an interest in Taranaki Maori
4
Sherburn, Steven. "Structure, seismicity, and tectonics of the Taranaki region, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614757.
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Chenrai, Piyaphong. "Seismic stratigraphy and fluid flow in the Taranaki and Great South Basins, offshore New Zealand." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/seismic-stratigraphy-and-fluid-flow-in-the-taranaki-and-great-south-basins-offshore-new-zealand(433b3426-c261-4e29-97fd-8bd8478728a5).html.
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This study utilises seismic data to improve understanding of the subsurface fluid flow behaviour in the Taranaki and Great South Basins offshore New Zealand. The aim of this study is to characterise fluid flow features and to investigate their genesis, fluid origins and implications for subsurface fluid plumbing system by integrating seismic interpretation and 3D petroleum systems modelling techniques. After an early phase studying Pliocene pockmarks in the Taranaki Basin, this study has been focused on the subsurface fluid plumbing system and on the fluid expulsion history in the Great South Basin. The Taranaki Basin lies on the west coast and offshore of the North Island, New Zealand. The seismic interpretation revealed that paleo-pockmark formation in the study area relates to fluid escape due to a rapid sediment loading environment in a distal fan setting. Seismic analysis rules out any links between the paleo-pockmarks and faulting. The relationship between paleo-pockmark occurrence and fan depositional thickness variations suggests that pore-water expulsion during overburden progradation is the most likely cause of the paleo-pockmarks. The rapid sediment loading generated overpressure which was greatest on the proximal fan due to a lateral gradient in overburden pressure. Fluids were consequently forced towards the fan distal parts where, eventually, the pore pressure exceeded the fracture gradient of the seal. The Great South Basin lies off the southern coast of the South Island of New Zealand and is located beneath the modern shelf area. Evidence for past and present subsurface fluid flow in this basin is manifested by the presence of numerous paleo-pockmarks, seabed pockmarks, polygonal fault systems, bright spots and bottom simulating reflections (BSR), all of which help constrain aspects of the overburden plumbing system and may provide clues to deeper hydrocarbon prospectivity in this frontier region. The various types of fluid flow features observed in this study are interpreted to be caused by different fluid origins and mechanisms based on evidences from seismic interpretation in the study area. The possible fluid origins which contribute to fluid flow features in the Great South Basin are compactional pore water as well as biogenic and thermogenic hydrocarbons. Using 3D seismic attribute analysis it was possible to highlight the occurrence of these features, particularly polygonal faults and pockmarks, which tend to be hosted within fine-grained sequences. Paleo- and present-day fluid flow features were investigated using 3D basin and petroleum systems modelling with varying heat flow scenarios. The models predict that thermogenic gas is currently being generated in mid-Cretaceous sedimentary sequences and possibly migrates along tectonic faults and polygonal faults feeding present-day pockmarks at the seabed. The models suggest that biogenic gas was the main fluid source for the Middle Eocene paleo-pockmarks and compactional pore fluid may be the main fluid contributor to the Late Eocene paleo-pockmarks. Different heat flow scenarios show that only mid-Cretaceous source rocks have reached thermal maturity in the basin, whilst Late Cretaceous and Paleocene source rocks would be largely immature. The observations and interpretations provided here contribute to the ongoing discussion on basin de-watering and de-gassing and the fluid contributors involved in pockmark formation and the use of pockmarks as a potential indicator of hydrocarbon expulsion. It is clear from this study that seismically-defined fluid flow features should be integrated into petroleum systems modelling of frontier and mature exploration areas in order to improve our understanding on fluid phases, their migration routes, timings and eventual expulsion history.
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Amansure, Giovanni Ricardo. "Source rock characterization of the organic rich intervals of the Taranaki Basin, Offshore New Zealand." University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5057.
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>Magister Scientiae - MScThe Taranaki Basin is a large (ca. 330,000 km²) sedimentary basin found along the west coast of the northern island of New Zealand. The basin lies partly onshore but mostly offshore below the broad continental shelf to the west of central North Island. The Taranaki Basin is the first sedimentary basin to be explored in New Zealand and is currently New Zealand’s only hydrocarbon producing basin, with approximately 418 million barrels (MMbbl) of oil and 6190 billion cubic feet (bcf) of gas produced by the end of 2011. Most of New Zealand’s known oil and gas accumulations are geochemically typed to coaly facies of Late Cretaceous and Paleogene ages. The main objective of this thesis is to characterize the source rock quality of the organic rich intervals of the Taranaki Basin, namely, the Wainui Member of the North Cape Formation and the Rakopi Formation. The Rakopi Formation comprises terrestrially deposited coal measures, while the North Cape Formation is generally composed of marine rocks. These Formations make up the Pakawau Group. The objective will be achieved using two key methods. Firstly, the derivation of TOC logs using Passey’s log overlay method (Passey et al., 1990) and secondly, the generation of source rock quality maps (i.e. source rock richness mapping and source potential index mapping). This will integrate concepts relating to petrophysical wireline logs, seismic interpretation, core log information, geochemical analysis, depth mapping and isopach mapping. The results obtained from this study confirms the petroleum potential of the organic rich intervals of the Taranaki Basin. Using Passey’s method it was shown that excellent average percent TOC values are encountered for both the Wainui Member of the North Cape Formation and the Rakopi Formation. From source potential index mapping, it can be concluded that the Rakopi formation has a high source potential index (>1000SPI) on the continental shelf, which indicates that it has excellent potential for petroleum generation. The Wainui Member however, shows less potential for petroleum generation on the shelf, this being attributed to generally low net thicknesses on the shelf.
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Goldsmith, Steven Todd. "Geochemical Fluxes and Weathering on High Standing Islands: Taranaki and Manawatu-Wanganui Regions New Zealand." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1391601668.
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Boulton, Leanne. "Native reserves, assimilation and self-determination : Te Atiawa, the Crown and settlers, North Taranaki 1840-1875." Thesis, University of Canterbury. History, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1995.
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The historiography of Native reserves which has emerged from the Waitangi Tribunal’s historical inquiry into Maori grievances against the Crown since 1985 has necessarily been preoccupied with the creation and alienation of reserves in the context of the Crown-iwi partnership and national Native reserve policies. This thesis investigates the local dimensions of Crown policy and restores a focus on Crown-hapu relations by offering an analysis of the creation, utilisation and administration of the Native reserves of the FitzRoy, Omata, Grey, Waiwakaiho and Hua blocks in North Taranaki between 1840 and 1875. It argues that Native reserve were intended to contain, control and assimilate Maori and as such the Native reserve policies of the New Zealand Company and the Crown were indicative of visions of the Maori future within an evolving Anglo-settler society. Although this agenda of assimilation remained prominent, the views of Crown officials regarding how Native reserves would perform these functions changed markedly between the 1840s and 1850s. In particular there was a shift away from scattering reserves amongst settler sections in the hope that Maori would emulate settlers and learn to be “civilised” to an attempt to have Maori re-purchasing land from the Crown instead of Native reserves, which they would hold in individualised Crown title. Thus it was hoped that the communal nature of Maori society would be broken down and Maori would come to adhere to British social, legal and economic norms. At the same time this thesis recovers and assesses the world-views and expectations of Te Atiawa hapu about their future with Pakeha. It demonstrates the impact of these visions on hapu understandings of the purpose and nature of Native reserves, and on the ways in they formed economic and social relationships with settlers in utilised the reserves. The combination of primary historical sources and a statistical analysis demonstrates that these relationships played a significant role in shaping the work of the Native reserves commissioners appointed under New Zealand Native Reserves Act 1856 in Taranaki. In particular they lead to the commissioners modifying their initial pro-active approach to bringing the reserves under their administration if favour of acting as intermediaries between Te Atiawa and settlers with pre-arranged leases. A comparison of the nature and utilisation of reserves in hapu and Crown control demonstrates that although Te Atiawa retained control of approximately half of the Native reserves in these blocks all of their most commercially viable reserves were brought under the Act, and in the process the Native title was extinguished. Co-operative relationships, which underpinned the leasing of reserves in the private sphere, were in marked contrast to public settler expressions of unease about Te Atiawa and their reserves in New Plymouth, and to mistrust between the two communities that reached its zenith during the Taranaki Wars. Such mistrust ultimately lead to the absence of Te Atiawa Native reserves and communities from the city of New Plymouth.
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Cammans, Phillip C. "Mechanisms and Timing of Pluton Emplacement in Taranaki Basin, New Zealand Using Three-Dimensional Seismic Analysis." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5649.
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Several off-shore volcano-plutonic complexes are imaged in detail in the Parihaka 3D seismic survey in the Taranaki Basin of New Zealand. Three intrusions were analyzed for this study. Part of the Mohakatino Volcanic Centre (15 to 1.6 Ma), these intrusions have steep sides, no resolvable base reflectors, no internal stratification or structure, and they exhibit doming and faulting in the sedimentary strata above the intrusions. Deformation along the sides is dominated by highly attenuated, dipping strata with dips of 45° or higher that decrease rapidly away from the intrusions. Doming extends several hundred meters from the margins and produced many high-angle normal faults and thinned strata. The intrusions lie near normal faults with the Northern Intrusion lying directly adjacent to a segment of the Parihaka Fault. The Central Intrusion has localized normal faults cutting a graben in the area directly above the intrusion and extending in a NE-SW direction away from it. The Western Intrusion is near the western edge of the Parihaka 3D dataset and is not situated directly adjacent to extensional faults.Two distinct zones of intrusion-related faults developed around both the Northern and Central Intrusions representing two different stress regimes present during emplacement, a local stress field created by the intrusions during emplacement and the regional stress field. The deeper zones contain short radial faults that extend away from the intrusion in all directions, representing a local stress field. The shallower faults have a radial pattern above the apex of each intrusion, but farther from it, they follow the regional stress field and trend NE. Using our techniques to interpret radial faulting above both intrusions and the principal of cross-cutting relations, timing of emplacement for these intrusions are 3.5 Ma for the Northern Intrusion and between 5 and 4 Ma for the Central and Western Intrusions.Observed space-making mechanisms for the Northern and Central Intrusions include doming (~16% and 11%, respectively), thinning and extension of roof strata (~4% for both), and extension within the basin itself (29% and 12%). Stoping and floor subsidence may have occurred, but are not visible in the seismic images. Magmatic extension may have played a significant role in emplacement.Several gas-rich zones are also imaged within the seismic data near the sea-floor. They appear as areas of acoustic impedance reversal compared to surrounding sedimentary strata and have a reversal of amplitude when compared to the sea floor. The gas in these zones is either biogenic or sourced from deeper reservoirs cut by normal faults.
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Hopcroft, Bradley Scott. "Lithology and provenance of late Eocene - Oligocene sediments in eastern Taranaki Basin margin and implications for paleogeography." The University of Waikato, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2793.
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The latest Eocene and Oligocene was a time of marked paleoenvironmental change in Taranaki Basin, involving a transition from the accumulation of coal measures and inner shelf deposits to the development of upper bathyal environments. Up until the end of the Early Oligocene (Lower Whaingaroan Stage) Taranaki Basin had an extensional tectonic setting. Marine transgression culminated in the accumulation of condensed facies of the Matapo Sandstone Member of the lower part of the Ngatoro Group. During the Late Oligocene (Upper Whaingaroan Stage) Taranaki Basin's tectonic setting changed to one of crustal shortening with basement overthrusting westward into the basin on Taranaki Fault. The major part of the Ngatoro Group in thickness, including the Tariki Sandstone Member, Otaraoa Formation, Tikorangi Formation and Taimana Formation, accumulated in response to this change in tectonic setting. Various methods of stratigraphic and sedimentological characterisation have been undertaken to evaluate the stratigraphy of the Ngatoro Group. Wireline log records have been calibrated through particle sizing and carbonate digestion of well cuttings. A suite of wireline motifs have been defined for formations and members of the Ngatoro Group. The integration with other lithological and paleoenvironmental data sources has helped to better define the Late Eocene - Oligocene stratigraphy and sedimentary facies for eastern Taranaki Basin margin. U-Pb geochronology by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) has been used to determine detrital ages for over 350 zircons from 13 samples of Late Eocene - Oligocene sandstone samples in eastern Taranaki Basin and correlative onshore North Island units. The spread of ages (1554 - 102 Ma) and the proportion of ages in particular age bands integrated with modal petrography data have aided provenance evaluation. A range of source rocks contributed to the Late Eocene - Oligocene sedimentary units analysed, mainly the Waipapa Terrane (Early Permian to Late Jurassic) as shown by 206Pb/238U zircon ages and the abundance of fine-grained sedimentary rock fragments observed in samples. The Median Batholith (i.e. Darran/Median Suite and Separation Point Suite) is also identified as a significant source, indicated by Early Triassic to Early Jurassic and Early Cretaceous 206Pb/238U zircon ages and an abundance of quartz in samples. Other minor sources identified include Murihiku and Caples Terranes, Rakaia Sub-terrane and possibly the Karamea Batholith. The Tariki Sandstone and the Hauturu Sandstone have the same source, with the main 206Pb/238U zircon ages of aggregated samples (124 - 116 Ma and 121 Ma, respectively) consistent with a Separation Point Suite/Median Batholith (124 - 116 Ma) source. Derivation of sediments from a landmass that existed to the east and southeast of the Wellington area has been inferred for the Late Eocene - Oligocene units, with subsequent migration of sediments northward into Taranaki Basin and the Waikato Region (i.e. Te Kuiti Group depocentre) via longshore drift. New provenance data have been used to revise understanding about the development of eastern Taranaki Basin margin through the Late Eocene to earliest Miocene. Three new paleogeography maps are presented for the Runangan (Late Eocene), Lower Whaingaroan (Early Oligocene) and Upper Whaingaroan (early-mid-Oligocene). New paleogeography interpretations illustrate a dramatic change in the basin development between Matapo Sandstone (Lower Whaingaroan) and Tariki Sandstone (Upper Whaingaroan) deposition, consistent with an Upper Whaingaroan age for the start of reverse movement on Taranaki Fault.
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Alekhue, Jude E. "Investigation of the Miocene Moki Formation within the Parahaki 3D Survey; Taranaki Basin, Offshore New Zealand Using Some Geophysical Tools." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10826643.
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Abstract A geophysical analysis was carried out to delineate and characterize the Mid-Miocene Moki sandstone reservoir in the Taranaki basin, offshore New Zealand. The study is an effort to use the new 3D seismic from the Parahaki survey to answer some concerns of an earlier 2D seismic line that drilled a dry hole. Well log curves were used to identify two sands within the Moki package (Moki-1 and Moki-2). Amplitude Variation with Offset (AVO) forward modeling was done to evaluate the seismic response of the Moki-1 and Moki-2 sands. The modeling results indicate that the Moki-1 sand exhibits a Class III AVO response, while the result of the Moki-2 show a class 2/2P AVO response. The Far times Far minus Near (Far*(Far- Near) AVO attribute was employed to discriminate hydrocarbon from the background geology. This attribute was applied because gathers were available only over a subset of the survey and not the entire survey area. Intercept/gradient crossplot of gathers close to the well location falls in quadrant IV and shows a wet sandstone background trend, which is consistent with the modeled response. The results from the analysis underscore the application of fluid substitution and AVO synthetic modeling in reservoir seismic studies.
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Bujard, Jade P. "Geophysical Analysis of the Miocene-Pliocene Mangaa Formation for Better Exploration within the Parihaka 3D Survey; Taranaki Basin, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10244630.
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The Taranaki Basin is the only known producing basin within New Zealand. Since the drilling of the first well in 1865, the Taranaki basin has remained relatively underexplored. The Arawa-1 well was drilled in 1992 using 2D seismic lines as a control. New Zealand has started an exploration initiative by publicly releasing all geological and geophysical information gathered on and offshore New Zealand. The gathered information includes the Parihaka 3D survey, which directly overlaps with the Arawa-1 well and original 2D lines. This study focused on the Miocene-Pliocene Mangaa Formation, which exhibited reservoir quality within the Arawa-1 well. Seismic attributes have been used to locate an area of interest within the Mangaa Formation. A Coherence attribute was useful for identifying geomorphological features as well as faults. An average energy volume was used to emphasize brighter amplitudes from background signatures and to define lateral boundaries of the reservoir. Upon mapping an area of interest within the Mangaa Formation, the amplitude anomalies were conformable to structural highs. Results were compared to an analog well, Karewa-1, where amplitude anomalies were relatively identical. Amplitude versus offset analysis was conducted for the amplitude anomaly within the Mangaa Formation and found a class 4 anomaly. The interpreter performed fluid replacement modeling with the assumption of 100% gas, derived from the analog, Karewa-1. The interpreter compared the resulting model to the observed trends inside and outside of the amplitude anomaly. The gas model signature resembled that of the amplitudes inside of the amplitude anomaly, and the amplitude signature of the original water saturation resembled that of the amplitudes outside of the anomaly. The results allow the interpreter to use the correlation of amplitude signatures and fluids in place to assist in de-risking prospect potential.
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Luke, Jason Allen. "Three-Dimensional Seismic Study of Pluton Emplacement, Offshore Northwestern New Zealand." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2949.
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Detailed 3D seismic images of a volcano-plutonic complex offshore northwestern New Zealand indicate the intrusive complex lies in a relay zone between NE-trending en echelon normal faults. A series of high angle normal faults fan out from the margin of the Southern Intrusive Complex and cut the folded strata along the margin. These faults terminate against the margins of the intrusion, extend as much as 1 pluton diameter away from the margin, and then merge with regional faults that are part of the Northern Taranaki Graben. Offset along these faults is on the order of 10s to over 100 meters. Strata on top of the complex are thinned and deformed into a faulted dome with an amplitude of about 0.7 km. Steep dip-slip faults form a semi-radial pattern in the roof rocks, but are strongly controlled by the regional stress field as many of the faults are sub-parallel to those that form the Northern Taranaki Graben. The longest roof faults are about the same length as the diameter of the pluton and cut through approximately 0.7 km of overlying strata. Fault offset gradually diminishes vertically away from the top of the intrusion. The Southern Intrusive Complex is a composite intrusion and formed from multiple steep-sided intrusions as evidenced by the complex margins and multiple apophyses. Small sills are apparent along the margins and near the roof of the Southern complex. Multiple episodes of deformation are also indicated by a series of unconformities in the sedimentary strata around the complex. Two large igneous bodies make up the composite intrusion as evidenced by the GeoAnomaly body detection tool. The Southern Intrusive Complex has a resolvable volume of 277 km3. Room for the complex was made by multiple space-making mechanisms. Roof uplift created ~3% of the space needed. Compaction/porosity loss is estimated to have contributed 20-40% of the space needed. Assimilation may have created ~0-30% space. Extension played a major role in creating the space needed and is estimated to have created a minimum of 33% of the space. Floor subsidence and stoping may have occurred, but are not resolvable in the seismic survey.
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Andwinge, Maria. "’Paid pollination’ – en tjänst för odlade grödor och biodiversitet : Analys av den kommersiella pollineringens utbredning och utveckling i Taranaki-regionen, Nya Zeeland." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi och kvartärgeologi (INK), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-62643.
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Pollinering är avgörande för ett antal kommersiella grödor samt för olika växtarter i inhemsk vegetation. Honungsbi (Apis mellifera) är en av de viktigaste pollinerarna. I regionen Taranaki i Nya Zeeland finns två aspekter av kommersiell pollinering, dels betalar många biodlare för tillgång till manuka för de antibakteriella egenskaperna honungen får av den, dels betalar frukt- och grönsaksodlare för pollinering av sina grödor. Markägare kan ha ett intresse av att spara manuka på sina marker och få en utkomst från biodlarna genom att dessa betalar för åtkomsten. Studien syftar till att klarlägga de effekter som kommersiell pollinering har i Taranaki-regionen idag och för framtida användning och har utgått från intervjuer med biodlare, frukt- och grönsaksodlare och personer som representerar myndigheterna. Resultaten visar att de ekonomiska effekterna av kommersiell pollinering i dag i Taranaki-regionen är relativt små. Även den kommersiella pollineringens roll för skydd och förvaltning av inhemsk natur undersöks. Kommersiell pollinering kan vara en viktig del inom naturskydd men är samtidigt beroende på om interaktionen med andra bin kan vara skadlig. Pollineringstjänster kan utvecklas dels genom information till markägare och jordbrukare, dels genom marknadsföring från biodlare.Pollination is crucial for a number of commercial crops as well as for native vegetation. The honey bee (Apis mellifera) is one of the most important pollinators. In the Taranaki region in New Zealand there are two aspects of commercial pollination; beekeepers pay for access to manuka due to the antibacterial quality it gives the honey and orchardists pay for pollination of their crops. Landowners could have an interest in managing the manuka and having beekeepers paying for the access. This study seeks to elucidate the effects that commercial pollination has in Taranaki region, today as well as for future use, through interviews with beekeepers, orchardists and authority personnel. The results show that the effects of commercial pollination in Taranaki are of minor extent. Also the role commercial pollination plays for environmental management is highlighted. Commercial pollination may be a part of nature protection and play a particular role in effort to increase biodiversity, but it is much depending on the interaction with native bees. Pollination services may be developed in different ways including informing landowners and farmers and marketing of beekeepers.
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Paringatai, Karyn Ailsa, and n/a. "Poia mai taku poi: Unearthing the knowledge of the past : a critical review of written literature on the poi in New Zealand and the Pacific." University of Otago. Te Tumu - School of Maori, Pacific and Indigenous Studies, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070430.110817.
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The primary objective of this thesis is to review literature written about poi in order to construct an historical overview of poi from pre-contact Maori society until the 1920s. The mythological and Polynesian origins of poi, traditional and contemporary materials and methods used to make poi, early travellers, explorers, and settlers accounts of poi and two case studies on the use of poi in the Taranaki and Te Arawa areas will be included in this thesis. The information will be used to show the changes in poi that have occured since Maori and European arrival to New Zealand until the 1920s.
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Pouget, Solene. "Statistics and modelling of the influence of the volume, fall height and topography on volcanic debris avalanche deposits." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4621.
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This research project on volcanic debris avalanches aims to provide a better understanding of the influence of the volume, fall height and topography on the deposit location and morphology. This will enable improvements in delineation of the areas at risk from volcanic debris avalanches, and improvements in management of a disaster should it occur. Undertaken to fulfil the requirements for a double degree (Geological Engineering and MSc in Hazard and Disaster Management) this work is the result of a collaboration between Polytechnic Institute LaSalle-Beauvais in France and the University of Canterbury in New Zealand. Following a brief introduction to the topic, statistical analyses of volcanic debris avalanche deposits are undertaken. Multiple variables analyses (Principal Components Analyses and Regressions) were carried out using a database of 298 volcanic debris avalanches derived from modification of Dufresne’s recent database. It was found that the volume has the main influence on the deposits rather than the fall height; the latter seems to have greater effect on avalanches of small volume. The topography into which the deposit is emplaced mainly determines its geometrical characteristics. These statistical results were compared with the results of laboratory-scale analogue modelling. A model similar to that used by Shea in 2005 provided data indicating similar trends of the influence of volume, fall height and topography on mass movement deposits at all scales. The final aspect of this project was a numerical simulation of a large debris avalanche from the north flank of the Taranaki volcano in the direction of the city of New Plymouth. The numerical code VolcFlow developed by Kelfoun in 2005 was used, after being tested against the laboratory experiments to verity its accuracy. The simulations showed that the Pouaki range protects the city of New Plymouth form major impacts from Taranaki collapses, but also indicated some potential problems with the hazard zoning and evacuation zones presently in place.
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Stockwell, Donald. "The impact of big box retailing on the future of rural SME retail businesses a case study of the South Taranaki district : a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy, 2009 /." Click here to access this resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/763.
Full textAbstract:
Many rural districts are facing economic decline because of a range of factors such as demographic change, changing socio-economic development patterns, farm amalgamations, the entry of large retail businesses, the so called ‘Big Box Retailing’ (BBRs), and a decline in rural infrastructure investment. These factors in turn affect the viability of many small-to-medium sized enterprises (SMEs), which are the primary employers and the engines for economic growth and employment in rural districts. The combined effect of these processes is that many rural districts struggle to keep young people, maintain economic and social diversity and attract new settlers and investment. This thesis seeks to answer the question as to how large scale retail businesses, rural farm amalgamations and declining rural populations impact on the viability of SME retail businesses in rural areas. In order to answer this question, this study identifies the key factors, which affect the future viability of small-to-medium sized retail businesses in sparsely populated rural districts using the South Taranaki District as a case study. The role of economic development agencies and district councils is also examined using case studies of small towns in rural districts of Australia and the United States of America (USA). This study found a number of factors affect the future viability of small-to-medium sized retail businesses in sparsely populated rural districts. For the South Taranaki district, these factors include the arrival of large-scale supermarkets, followed by large scale retail chains such as The Warehouse. These factors, combined with changing rural population structures and economic ‘spikes’ relating to sporadic energy development, have significant implications for the long term viability of many SMEs in the district. Case studies of similar rural districts in the USA and Australia provided examples of strategies that could be used to manage these impacts. This thesis recommends policies, initiatives and strategies that may be considered by territorial local authorities, regional councils and central governments to help address the economic development challenges facing rural districts.
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Cayley, Simon. "Enhancing governance in the voluntary and community sector a case study of organisations in the Taranaki region : a thesis submitted to the Auckland University of Technology in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy (MPhil), 2008." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/488.
Full textAbstract:
Voluntary and community organisations are fundamental to society because they are major stakeholders in building the social capital that underpins healthy and well-functioning communities. Yet many of these organisations are small and possess limited resources when measured against the challenges and needs that they address. This raises the issue of the capacity of organisations within the sector to operate effectively. Within the range of capacity issues, governance is consistently rated as an area requiring development. This research seeks to contribute to a better understanding of issues impacting on the governance capacity of voluntary and community sector organisations within the overall context of capacity building. A focused study in the Taranaki region examines the factors impacting on the governance of community organisations providing social services. The research identifies the level of governance capacity demonstrated within the organisations studied and also explores the level of awareness around the need to enhance governance capacity. The research examines a range of frameworks and models used to build governance capacity to see if they could be adapted for the Taranaki region. The study suggests that, although a number of frameworks and models are useful, every situation is different, and models must be responsive to the social and cultural context and the particular history and mission of each organisation. As a result, the study concludes that further work should be undertaken to develop a model of governance for the voluntary and community sector.
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Hucker, Graham. "The rural home front : a New Zealand region and the Great War 1914-1926 : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History at Massey University." Massey University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1103.
Full textAbstract:
New Zealand’s First World War studies have traditionally focused on the soldier and battlefield experiences. ‘The Rural Home Front’ breaks with that tradition and focuses on the lives of people and the local communities that the soldiers left behind in the predominantly rural region of Taranaki in New Zealand. ‘The Rural Home Front’ is essentially a study of the impact and effects of the First World War on rural society. By focusing on topics and themes such as ‘war enthusiasm’, the voluntary spirit of fund raising and recruiting, conscription, attempting to maintain normality during wartime, responses to war deaths, the influenza epidemic, the Armistice and the need to remember, this thesis argues that civilians experienced the Great War, too, albeit differently from that of the soldiers serving overseas.
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Barkman, Rebecca, and Mikael Fält. "Wow… That Escalated Quickly : En studie i grunderna hos en oplanerad viral kampanj på sociala medier." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-39280.
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Sammanfattning: Det mest märkbara resultatet i studien är att det inte krävs en stor aktör med många följare för att påbörja en stor kampanj, men det är nödvändigt att få hjälp av dem för att nå en viral spridning. De två studerade kampanjerna hade helt olika sätt att kommunicera på, där MeToo hade en allvarsam ton och Ice Bucket Challenge ett humoristiskt och positivt laddat budskap - båda om smärtsamma ämnen. Eftersom de båda blev virala visar resultatet att det viktigaste är ett känslomässigt laddat budskap som påverkar folk, oavsett om det är glada, ilskna eller sorgsna känslor. Det krävs stark känslomässig påverkan för att personer ska känna sig motiverade att sprida vidare ett budskap. Samhällsklimatet och aktuella samhällsfrågor kan hjälpa en kampanj bli viral, men är inte nödvändig. Det finns ingen specifik riktlinje eller mall att följa för att bli viral, men det är viktigt att ha hög spridbarhet på sitt budskap och motivera mottagaren att dela vidare.
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Verma, Tarishi. "The Legitimacy of Online Feminist Activism: Subversion of Shame in Sexual Assault by Reporting it on Social Media." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1617396334881314.
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Mohammed, Renas Ismael. "Distribution and development of Middle Miocene submarine fans, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-08-3875.
Full textAbstract:
The Taranaki Basin was formed as a consequence of multiple geologic events. From the Cretaceous period until present, it went through rifted margin, passive margin, foreland basin, and back-arc phases. A dominantly sandy unit, the Moki Formation, was deposited during the Middle Miocene within the Taranaki Basin offshore the west coast of the North Island of New Zealand. The study area covers about 1600 km2 of the southern part of the north Taranaki graben, an area covered by a 3D seismic volume. The Moki Formation is interpreted as a basin floor fan deposit that accumulated during basinward migration of the shelf edge with supplied sediments sourced from the SSE.
Seismic profiles revealed that the mound-shape reflectors of Moki fan deposits situated between continuous reflectors of underlying Oligocene carbonates and hemipelagic muds of the overlying Manganui Formation. The reflections of the Moki sandy fan deposits locally grade laterally into interlobal deposits of hemipelagic muds. Correlation between wells Witiora-1, Taimana-1, and Arawa-1 verified the seismic interpretation, which shows an overall thickness variation of fan deposits that range from a greater thickness in the middle part of the sand lobe accumulation towards diminished thicknesses on the flanks. Gamma ray facies show clear progradation then aggradation motif that confirm the results from the seismic analyses. Depending on seismic attribute maps, paleochannels associated with the sand bodies sharing a SE to NW flow direction can be distinguished. Due to the volcanic activity in the eastern mobile belt, no paleochannels or significant stratigraphic features were recognized within the studied interval of the seismic data. Generally, in the study area, the fan deposits represent sand rich deposits that developed and prograded from south to north with variations in lateral extent driven by three major shifts in sediment pathways as the feeder channel orientations changed.text
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Salazar, Migdalys Beatriz. "The impact of shelf margin geometry and tectonics on shelf-to-sink sediment dynamics and resultant basin fill architectures." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/24982.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation focuses on understanding the relative importance of external (eustacy) versus local tectonic and sedimentary processes in controlling continental-margin depositional architectures and their implications for sediment distribution. The emphasis of this study is the interpretation of clinoform geometries and stratigraphic relationships observed on 3D and 2D seismic reflection data in the Taranaki Basin, which is characterized by a variety of clinoform architectures on its Pliocene-Recent margin (Giant Foresets Formation). I combined seismic stratigraphic interpretations and biostratigraphic studies using a dataset that consists of 1,700 km2 of 3D seismic lines, 4,000 km of 2D regional seismic lines, and data from six wells. The study was divided into three sections. First, three major stages of clinoform evolution were identified based on their architectural and geomorphological characteristics. Isochron maps were generated to identify correlations between stratigraphy and paleostructures, and seismic attribute maps were elaborated to identify and characterize geological features and depositional elements. In the second phase of the study, 2D stratigraphic forward modeling techniques were applied in an effort to quantitatively determine the relative importance of the mechanisms acting in the basin (eustacy, tectonism and sediment supply). Finally, a similar approach was applied using clinoform morphologies in the eastern Trinidad margin where the tectonic configuration of the basin was completely different to the one in the Taranaki Basin. The objective was to compare the results in a region with different a tectonic setting to validate the applicability of the methodology in other basins worldwide. The results of this research indicate that the methodology that was developed for the quantitative analysis of clinoform architectures in the Taranaki Basin is applicable to other basins worldwide and that the work flow provides a more comprehensive understanding of the factors that influence continental margin development. Generic observations of this research showed that (1) underlying structures in the shelf and slope area can play an important role in influencing the location and morphology of the shelf edge area and controlling sediment distribution; (2) high sediment supply, along with accommodation, play a key role in the construction of high-relief clinoforms and earlier dispersal of sediments into deep water; and (3) lateral variations associated with high sediment discharge sources (e.g. paleo Orinoco shelf-edge delta) can generate important changes in continental-scale clinoform architectures alongstrike in continental margins influence sediment distribution patterns in the deep-water component of the basin.text
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Cocker, Helen Amy. "Platinum group elements: indicators of sulfide saturation in intermediate to felsic magmatic systems and implications for porphyry deposit formation." Phd thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/116126.
Full textAbstract:
Sulfide saturation during the magmatic evolution of porphyry
systems is emerging as an important control on the fertility of
magmas with respect to the chalcophile elements. Platinum group
elements (PGE) have extreme sulfide melt-silicate melt partition
coefficients that make them sensitive indicators of the timing of
sulfide saturation in evolving magmatic systems. This study
reports PGE and Re concentrations, measured using a NiS fire
assay isotope dilution technique, of three igneous suites: 1) the
El Abra porphyry Cu deposit, Chile; 2) the Grasberg-Ertsberg
porphyry-skarn Cu-Au district, Papua, Indonesia: and 3) Mt.
Taranaki, a young stratovolcano in New Zealand. The El Abra and
Grasberg samples allow direct comparison between a Cu-only and a
Cu-Au porphyry system, whereas, Mt. Taranaki samples were
analysed to investigate sulfide saturation in an active magmatic
system with no known associated porphyry deposit. The El Abra
results show a rapid drop in Pt and Pd abundances, which is
indicative of sulfide saturation, at ca. 2.5 wt. % MgO. However,
at El Abra a porphyry Cu deposit was still able to form because
the amount of sulfide melt that formed was small, stripping the
magma of Au and PGE but not significant Cu. In contrast the
Grasberg PGE results suggest that sulfide saturation did not
occur during magmatic evolution of the intrusions, and so Cu, Au,
and PGE were concentrated by fractional crystallisation and then
partitioned into the mineralising fluid. Sulfide saturation has
a first order influence on both the availability of the
chalcophile elements to partition into the hydrothermal ore-fluid
phase and the type of porphyry mineralisation that forms, i.e.
Cu, Cu-Au, or Cu-Au-(Pd). The PGE concentrations of the Mt.
Taranaki samples indicate that sulfide saturation occurred at ca.
4 wt. % MgO during the evolution of the Taranaki magmatic system.
If sulfide saturation of the developing Taranaki magmas persists
with each new magmatic episode then the oxidation state of the
magmas, the amount of sulfide melt that forms, and the timing
with respect to saturation of volatile phases will influence any
future porphyry mineralisation.
To compliment the PGE analyses of the Grasberg-Ertsberg samples,
Th disequilibrium corrected 238U-206Pb ages of zircons from the
intrusions were determined by laser ablation inductively coupled
plasma mass spectrometry. The ages range from 2.8 to 3.6 Ma and
indicate that the duration of magmatism of the Grasberg-Ertsberg
intrusions was ca. 730 ± 50 k.y.
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Platz, Thomas. "Understanding aspects of andesitic dome-forming eruptions through the last 1000 yrs of volcanism at Mt. Taranaki, New Zealand : a dissertation presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Earth Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/938.
Full textAbstract:
Andesitic volcanoes are notorious for their rapid and unpredictable changes in eruptive style between and during volcanic events, a feature normally attributed to shallow crustal and intra-edifice magmatic processes. Using the example of eruptions during the last 1000 yrs at Mt. Taranaki (the Maero Eruptive Period), deposit sequences were studied to (1) understand lava dome formation and destruction, (2) interpret the causes of rapid shifts from extrusive to explosive eruption styles, and (3) to build a model of crustal magmatic processes that impact on eruption style. A new detailed reconstruction of this period identifies at least 10 eruptive episodes characterised by extrusive, lava dome- and lava flow-producing events and one sub- Plinian eruption. To achieve this, a new evaluation procedure was developed to purge glass datasets of contaminated mineral-glass analyses by using compositional diagrams of mineral incompatible-compatible elements. Along with careful examination of particle textures, this procedure can be broadly applied to build a higher degree of resolution in any tephrostratigraphic record. Geochemical contrasts show that the products of the latest Mt. Taranaki eruption, the remnant summit dome (Pyramid Dome) was not formed during the Tahurangi eruptive episode but extruded post-AD1755. Its inferred original maximum volume of 4.9×106 m3 (DRE) was formed by simultaneous endogenous and exogenous dome growth within days. Magma ascent and extrusion rates are estimated at =0.012 ms-1 and =6 m3s-1, respectively, based on hornblende textures. Some of the Maero-Period dome effusions were preceded by a vent-clearing phase producing layers of scattered lithic lapilli around the edifice [Newall Ash (a), Mangahume Lapilli, Pyramid Lapilli]. The type of dome failure controlled successive eruptive phases in most instances. The destruction of a pressurised dome either caused instantaneous but short-lived magmatic fragmentation (Newall and Puniho episodes), or triggered a directed blast-explosion (Newall episode), or initiated sustained magmatic fragmentation (Burrell Episode). The transition from dome effusion to a sustained, sub- Plinian eruption during the Burrell Lapilli (AD1655) episode was caused by unroofing a conduit of stalled magma, vertically segregated into three layers with different degrees of vesiculation and crystallisation. The resultant ejecta range from brown, grey and black coloured vesicular clasts to dense grey lithics. Bulk compositional variation of erupted clasts can be modelled by fractionation of hornblende, plagioclase, clinopyroxene, and Fe-Ti oxides. Pre-eruption magma ascent for the Maero Period events is assumed to begin at depths of c.9.5 km.
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Zernack, Anke Verena. "A sedimentological and geochemical approach to understanding cycles of stratovolcano growth and collapse at Mt Taranaki, New Zealand : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Earth Science at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/900.
Full textAbstract:
The long-term behaviour of andesitic stratovolcanoes is characterised by a repetition of edifice growth and collapse phases. This cyclic pattern may represent a natural frequency at varying timescales in the growth dynamics of stratovolcanoes, but is often difficult to identify because of long cycle-timescales, coupled with incomplete stratigraphic records. The volcaniclastic ring-plain succession surrounding the 2 518 m Mt. Taranaki, New Zealand, comprises a wide variety of distinctive volcanic mass-flow lithofacies with sedimentary and lithology characteristics that can be related to recurring volcanic cycles over >190 ka. Debrisflow and monolithologic hyperconcentrated-flow deposits record edifice growth phases while polylithologic debris-avalanche and associated cohesive debris-flow units were emplaced by collapse. Major edifice failures at Mt. Taranaki occurred on-average every 10 ka, with five events recognised over the last 30 ka, a time interval for which stratigraphic records are more complete. The unstable nature of Mt. Taranaki mainly results from its weak internal composite structure including abundant saturated pyroclastic deposits and breccia layers, along with its growth on a weakly indurated and tectonically fractured basement of Tertiary mudstones and sandstones. As the edifice repeatedly grew beyond a critical stable height or profile, large-scale collapses were triggered by intrusions preceding magmatic activity, major eruptions, or significant regional tectonic fault movements. Clasts within debris-avalanche deposits were used as a series of windows into the composition of previous successive proto-Mt Taranaki edifices in order to examine magmatic controls on their failure. The diversity of lithologies and their geochemical characteristics are similar throughout the history of the volcano, with the oldest sample suites displaying a slightly broader range of compositions including more primitive rock types. The evolution to a narrower range and higher-silica compositions was accompanied by an increase in K2O. This shows that later melts progressively interacted with underplated amphibolitic material at the base of the crust. These gradual changes imply a long-term stability of the magmatic system. The preservation of similar internal conditions during the volcano’s evolution, hence suggests that external processes were the main driving force behind its cyclic growth and collapse behaviour and resulting sedimentation pattern.
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Turner, Michael Bruce. "Eruption cycles and magmatic processes at a reawakening volcano, Mt. Taranaki, New Zealand : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Earth Science at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/847.
Full textAbstract:
Realistic probabilistic hazard forecasts for re-awakening volcanoes rely on making an accurate estimation of their past eruption frequency and magnitude for a period long enough to view systematic changes or evolution. Adding an in-depth knowledge of the local underlying magmatic or tectonic driving processes allows development of even more robust eruption forecasting models. Holocene tephra records preserved within lacustrine sediments and soils on and surrounding the andesitic stratovolcano of Mt. Taranaki (Egmont Volcano), New Zealand, were used to 1) compile an eruption catalogue that minimises bias to carry out frequency analysis, and 2) identify magmatic processes responsible for variations in activity of this intermittently awakening volcano. A new, highly detailed eruption history for Mt. Taranaki was compiled from sediment sequences containing Holocene tephra layers preserved beneath Lakes Umutekai and Rotokare, NE and SE of the volcano’s summit, respectively, with age control provided by radiocarbon dating. To combine the two partly concurrent tephra records both geochemistry (on titanomagnetite) and statistical measures of event concurrence were applied. Similarly, correlation was made to proximal pyroclastic sequences in all sectors around the 2518 m-high edifice. This record was used to examine geochemical variations (through titanomagnetite and bulk chemistry) at Mt. Taranaki in unprecedented sampling detail. To develop an unbiased sampling of eruption event frequency, a technique was developed to distinguish explosive, pumice-forming eruptions from dome-forming events recorded in medial ash as fine-grade ash layers. Recognising that exsolution lamellae in titanomagnetite result from oxidation processes within lava domes or plugs, their presence within ash deposits was used to distinguish falls elutriated from blockand- ash flows. These deposits are focused in particular catchments and are hence difficult to sample comprehensively. Excluding these events from temporal eruption records, the remaining, widespread pumice layers of sub-plinian eruptions at a single site of Lake Umutekai presented the lowest-bias sampling of the overall event frequency. The annual eruption frequency of Mt. Taranaki was found to be strongly cyclic with a 1500-2000 year periodicity. Titanomagnetite, glass and whole-rock chemistry of eruptives from Mt. Taranaki’s Holocene history all display distinctive compositional cycles that correspond precisely with the event frequency curve for this volcano. Furthermore, the largest known eruptions from the volcano involve the most strongly evolved magmas of their cycle and occur during the eruptive-frequency minimum, preceding the longest repose intervals known. Petrological evidence reveals a two-stage system of magma differentiation and assembly operating at Mt. Taranaki. Each of the identified 1500-2000 year cycles represent isolated magma batches that evolved at depth at the base of the crust before periodically feeding a mid-upper crustal magma storage system.
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Premananda, K. "Map-based Cloning and Characterization of TARANI, a Global Regulator of Arabidopsis Development." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/3223.
Full textAbstract:
Forward genetic screen was performed in Arabidopsis thaliana to isolate novel genes involved in leaf development. The tarani (tni) mutant was selected for further study based on its unique cup-shaped lamina with +ve Gaussian curvature. We show that the larger size of tni leaves is due to rapid growth rate due to excess and prolonged cell division. We monitored the front of the receding cell division zone as a function of time and showed that the shape of the front is more concave compared to wild type, leading to positive curvature. Application of gibberellic acids (GA) synthesis inhibitor rescued the positive curvature of tni suggesting a role for GA in maintaining leaf flatness. Overexpression of cell cycle inhibitor KRP2 also flattened the leaf, confirming a role of cell division. The floral organs and seed are also larger in the tni mutant. Besides growth, tni trichomes are hyper-branched which usually happens when there is more endoreduplication. We found that the nuclei of tni trichomes are larger than wild type nuclei, suggesting increased DNA content. Genetic interaction studies showed that TNI works independent of other trichome branching genes such as with TRYPTICHON and FURCA1.
Map-based cloning showed that tni is positioned on left arm of the 3rd chromosome. Using molecular markers, we narrowed down to interval to a 65 kb region, which codes for 19 genes. Sequencing several of them revealed a G→A transition at the 3rd intron - 4th exon junction of At3g20630 gene. RT-PCR analysis showed the presence of an additional full-length transcript with extra un-spliced 3rd intron. Overexpression of this un-spliced variant in wild type plants produced phenotypes like hyperbranched trichomes and cup-shaped leaves; plus additional phenotypes like organ fusion and organ polarity defects. Complementation and allelic tests confirmed that TNI codes for AtUBP14, an ubiquitin protease.
The tni plants have longer stem and roots which grow at faster rate compared to wild type. Confocal microscopic analysis of mature embryos showed that both shoot (SAM) and root apical meristems (RAM) of tni plants are larger in size. In RAM, the numbers of quiescent center (QC) cells and stem cells have increased in tni plants. The tni inflorescence and flowers are bigger than wild type in size. Also the degree of axillary shoots has increased in the tni plants. Overexpression of the splice variant of TNI produced undifferentiated callus-like structures in the shoot apex and in hypocotyl. All these phenotypes show that TNI is involved in meristem proliferation.
The tni siliques produced many un-fertilized ovules and shrunken and malformed seeds suggesting gametic and/or embryo lethality. We observed that tni embryos were mis-patterned at various stages of development. Following the cell division pattern shows that cells arising from the ‘basal cell’ of the embryo take apical cell fate in tni embryos. The topmost cell of the suspensor, which is also the precursor cell of RAM, is not specified as hypophysial cell in several tni embryos.
In the forward genetic screen, we isolated another mutant called tooth (tth), which has deeper serrations at the leaf margin and narrower leaves compared to wild type. It has been mapped to the longer arm of the 2nd chromosome. Genetic interaction studies show that tth is not allelic to other serration mutants such as serrate and mir164a.
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Tarantik, Karina Rosa [Verfasser]. "Investigation of new more environmentally benign, smoke-reduced, red- and green-light emitting pyrotechnic compositions based on nitrogen-rich coloring agents / vorgelegt von Karina Rosa Tarantik." 2010. http://d-nb.info/1006645756/34.
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Ducrocq, Julie. "Écologie de la besnoitiose chez les populations de caribous (Rangifer tarandus) des régions subarctiques." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5320.
Full textAbstract:
Bien que les infections à Besnoitia tarandi sont documentées chez l’espèce Rangifer sp. depuis 1922, les données récoltées sur l’écologie et la distribution de cette parasitose demeurent rares. Les objectifs de cette étude ont donc été (i) d’identifier le meilleur tissu à échantillonner pour détecter les infections à Besnoitia tarandi dans les populations de caribous, (ii) de calculer la sensibilité et la spécificité de l’examen visuel comparativement à l’examen microscopique et (iii) d’identifier les facteurs de risques intrinsèques et extrinsèques associés à cette parasitose afin (iv) de comparer la prévalence et la densité des kystes parasitaires entre certains troupeaux. Nos résultats suggèrent que l'examen microscopique du derme superficiel d’une section de peau provenant du tiers moyen antérieur du métatarse devrait être privilégié pour dépister les infections par B. tarandi et en évaluer l'intensité. L’examen microscopique est également un outil très sensible comparativement à l’examen visuel des kystes parasitaires. Besnoitia tarandi, qui semble être absent du Groenland, a été observé dans environ un tiers des caribous nord-américains. Une variation saisonnière de prévalence et d'intensité de B. tarandi a été détectée; le parasite étant plus abondant chez cet hôte intermédiaire durant la période de l'automne/hiver comparativement à celle du printemps/été. Cet effet saisonnier pourrait être associé à une augmentation de l'abondance du parasite suite à la saison des insectes (i.e. été), supportant ainsi le rôle présumé des arthropodes piqueurs comme vecteurs de la maladie. Cette différence saisonnière pourrait aussi être expliquée par la diminution de la charge parasitaire par le système immunitaire et/ou par un taux de survie inférieur des animaux les plus parasités durant la saison froide. Les niveaux d'infection étaient légèrement plus élevés chez les mâles que chez les femelles, ce qui suggère soit une diminution du taux de mortalité, soit une exposition accrue ou une plus grande susceptibilité au parasite des mâles en comparaison aux femelles. La densité d’infection supérieure dans le troupeau Rivière-aux-Feuilles (Nunavik) suggère des niveaux d'exposition au parasite plus élevés et/ou une diminution des niveaux de résistance de ces caribous à ce protozoaire. Les résultats de cette étude démontrent que B. tarandi peut réduire les chances de survie des caribous infectés. Il sera donc important de continuer à surveiller les infections à B. tarandi surtout en cette période de changements climatiques.Although Besnoitia tarandi has been described in Rangifer sp. for over 80 years, understanding of its ecology and distribution is still relatively limited. The objectives of this study were (i) to determine the anatomical sampling site that enhances detection of Besnoitia tarandi infections in caribou populations; (ii) to evaluate the relative sensitivity and specificity of the in situ macroscopic assessment for diagnosis of besnoitiosis compared to the microscopic evaluation; and (iii) to identify potential risks factors associated with the prevalence and intensity of B. tarandi cysts and compare these across different populations. Our results suggest that calculating the number of cysts present in the superficial dermis of a skin section of the anterior mid-third of the metatarsus region by microscopic examination should be favored in order to monitor the presence and intensity of B. tarandi infections. Macroscopic assessment of B. tarandi cysts was not a sensitive method compared to that of a microscopic analysis. Besnoitia tarandi seems to be absent from Greenland but has been encountered in approximately one third of North-American caribou. A seasonal effect was noticed in the prevalence and intensity of B. tarandi infections; the parasite being more abundant in caribou sampled during the fall/winter period compared to the spring/summer period. This effect could reflect the increase abundance of B. tarandi following the end of the insect season (i.e. summer), supporting the role of arthropods as vectors of transmission. Reduction of the parasite burden by the immune system and/or a lower winter survival rate of severely infected caribou could explain the seasonal difference. The slightly higher prevalence in males suggests lower mortality rate, higher exposure and/or higher susceptibility to the parasite in infected males when compared to infected females. The apparent higher density of infection by B. tarandi in the Rivière-aux-Feuilles herd (Nunavik, Québec) suggests either higher exposure to the parasite or reduced resistance of caribou from this herd. The findings of this study suggest that infection by B. tarandi might reduce survival of individual animals; hence, the dynamic between this parasite and its hosts is worth further investigation, especially in these days of changing Arctic environment.