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Journal articles on the topic 'Tapered Fibre'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Korposh, Sergiy, Stephen James, Seung-Woo Lee, and Ralph Tatam. "Tapered Optical Fibre Sensors: Current Trends and Future Perspectives." Sensors 19, no. 10 (May 17, 2019): 2294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19102294.

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The development of reliable, affordable and efficient sensors is a key step in providing tools for efficient monitoring of critical environmental parameters. This review focuses on the use of tapered optical fibres as an environmental sensing platform. Tapered fibres allow access to the evanescent wave of the propagating mode, which can be exploited to facilitate chemical sensing by spectroscopic evaluation of the medium surrounding the optical fibre, by measurement of the refractive index of the medium, or by coupling to other waveguides formed of chemically sensitive materials. In addition, the reduced diameter of the tapered section of the optical fibre can offer benefits when measuring physical parameters such as strain and temperature. A review of the basic sensing platforms implemented using tapered optical fibres and their application for development of fibre-optic physical, chemical and bio-sensors is presented.

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2

Moś, Joanna Ewa, Karol Antoni Stasiewicz, and Leszek Roman Jaroszewicz. "Liquid crystal cell with a tapered optical fiber as an active element to optical applications." Photonics Letters of Poland 11, no. 1 (April 3, 2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i1.879.

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The work describes the technology of a liquid crystal cell with a tapered optical fiber as an element providing light. The tapered optical fiber with the total optical loss of 0.22 ± 0.07 dB, the taper waist diameter of 15.5 ± 0.5 μm, and the elongation of 20.4 ± 0.3 mm has been used. The experimental results are presented for a liquid crystal cell filled with a mixture 1550* for parallel orientation of LC molecules to the cross section of the taper waist. Measurement results show the influence of the electrical field with voltage in the range of 0-200 V, without, as well as with different modulation for spectral characteristics. The sinusoidal and square signal shapes are used with a 1-10 Hz frequency range. Full Text: PDF ReferencesZ. Liu, H. Y. Tam, L. Htein, M. L.Vincent Tse, C. Lu, "Microstructured Optical Fiber Sensors", J. Lightwave Technol. 35, 16 (2017). CrossRef T. R. Wolinski, K. Szaniawska, S. Ertman1, P. Lesiak, A. W. Domański, R. Dabrowski, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, J. Wojcik "Influence of temperature and electrical fields on propagation properties of photonic liquid-crystal fibres", Meas. Sci. Technol. 17, 5 (2006). CrossRef K. Nielsen, D. Noordegraaf, T. Sørensen, A. Bjarklev,T. Hansen, "Selective filling of photonic crystal fibres", J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 7, 8 (2005). CrossRef A. A. Rifat, G. A. Mahdiraji, D. M. Chow, Y, Gang Shee, R. Ahmed, F. Rafiq, M Adikan, "Photonic Crystal Fiber-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor with Selective Analyte Channels and Graphene-Silver Deposited Core", Sensors 15, 5 (2015) CrossRef Y. Huang, Z.Tian, L.P. Sun, D. Sun, J.Li, Y.Ran, B.-O. Guan "High-sensitivity DNA biosensor based on optical fiber taper interferometer coated with conjugated polymer tentacle", Opt. Express 23, 21 (2015). CrossRef X. Wang, O. S. Wolfbeis, "The 2016 Annual Review Issue", Anal. Chem., 88, 1 (2016). CrossRef Ye Tian, W. Wang, N. Wu, X. Zou, X.Wang, "Tapered Optical Fiber Sensor for Label-Free Detection of Biomolecules", Sensors 11, 4 (2011). CrossRef O. Katsunari, Fundamentals of Optical Waveguides, (London, Academic Press, (2006). DirectLink A. K. Sharma, J. Rajan, B.D. Gupta, "Fiber-Optic Sensors Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance: A Comprehensive Review", IEEE Sensors Journal 7, 8 (2007). CrossRef C. Caucheteur, T. Guo, J. Albert, "Review of plasmonic fiber optic biochemical sensors: improving the limit of detection", Anal. Bioanal.Chem. 407, 14 (2015). CrossRef S. F. Silva L. Coelho, O. Frazão, J. L. Santos, F. X.r Malcata, "A Review of Palladium-Based Fiber-Optic Sensors for Molecular Hydrogen Detection", IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 12, 1 (2012). CrossRef H. Waechter, J. Litman, A. H. Cheung, J. A. Barnes, H.P. Loock, "Chemical Sensing Using Fiber Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy", Sensors 10, 3 (2010). CrossRef S. Zhu, F. Pang, S. Huang, F.Zou, Y.Dong, T.Wang, "High sensitivity refractive index sensor based on adiabatic tapered optical fiber deposited with nanofilm by ALD", Opt. Express 23, 11 (2015). CrossRef L. Zhang, J. Lou, L. Tong, "Micro/nanofiber optical sensors", Photonics sensor 1, 1 (2011). CrossRef L.Tong, J. Lou, E. Mazur, "Single-mode guiding properties of subwavelength-diameter silica and silicon wire waveguides", Opt. Express 11, 6 (2004). CrossRef H. Moyyed, I. T. Leite, L. Coelho, J. L. Santos, D. Viegas, "Analysis of phase interrogated SPR fiber optic sensors with bimetallic layers", IEEE Sensors Journal 14, 10 (2014). CrossRef A. González-Cano, M. Cruz Navarette, Ó. Esteban, N. Diaz Herrera , "Plasmonic sensors based on doubly-deposited tapered optical fibers", Sensors 14, 3 (2014). CrossRef K. A. Stasiewicz, J.E. Moś, "Threshold temperature optical fibre sensors", Opt. Fiber Technol. 32, (2016). CrossRef L. Zhang, F. Gu, J. Lou, X. Yin, L. Tong, "Fast detection of humidity with a subwavelength-diameter fiber taper coated with gelatin film", Opt. Express 16, 17 (2008). CrossRef S.Zhu, F.Pang, S. Huang, F. Zou, Q. Guo, J. Wen, T. Wang, "High Sensitivity Refractometer Based on TiO2-Coated Adiabatic Tapered Optical Fiber via ALD Technology", Sensors 16, 8 (2016). CrossRef G.Brambilla, "Optical fibre nanowires and microwires: a review", J. Optics 12, 4 (2010) CrossRef M. Ahmad, L.L. Hench, "Effect of taper geometries and launch angle on evanescent wave penetration depth in optical fibers", Biosens. Bioelectron. 20, 7 (2005). CrossRef L.M. Blinov, Electrooptic Effects in Liquid Crystal Materials (New York, Springftianer, 1994). CrossRef L. Scolari, T.T. Alkeskjold, A. Bjarklev, "Tunable Gaussian filter based on tapered liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibre", Electron. Lett. 42, 22 (2006). CrossRef J. Moś, M. Florek, K. Garbat, K.A. Stasiewicz, N. Bennis, L.R. Jaroszewicz, "In-Line Tunable Nematic Liquid Crystal Fiber Optic Device", J. of Lightwave Technol. 36, 4 (2017). CrossRef J. Moś, K A Stasiewicz, K Garbat, P Morawiak, W Piecek, L R Jaroszewicz, "Tapered fiber liquid crystal hybrid broad band device", Phys. Scripta. 93, 12 (2018). CrossRef Ch. Veilleux, J. Lapierre, J. Bures, "Liquid-crystal-clad tapered fibers", Opt. Lett. 11, 11 (1986). CrossRef R. Dąbrowski, K. Garbat, S. Urban, T.R. Woliński, J. Dziaduszek, T. Ogrodnik, A,Siarkowska, "Low-birefringence liquid crystal mixtures for photonic liquid crystal fibres application", Liq. Cryst. 44, (2017). CrossRef S. Lacroix, R. J. Black, Ch. Veilleux, J. Lapierre, "Tapered single-mode fibers: external refractive-index dependence", Appl. Opt., 25, 15 (1986). CrossRef J.F. Henninot, D. Louvergneaux , N.Tabiryan, M. Warenghem, "Controlled Leakage of a Tapered Optical Fiber with Liquid Crystal Cladding", Mol. Cryst.and Liq.Cryst., 282, 1(1996). CrossRef

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3

Khudyakov, M. M., A. E. Levchenko, V. V. Vel’miskin, K. K. Bobkov, S. S. Aleshkina, M. M. Bubnov, M. V. Yashkov, A. N. Guryanov, L. V. Kotov, and M. E. Likhachev. "Optimisation of the efficiency of tapered erbium-doped optical fibre." Quantum Electronics 51, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 1056–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qel17651.

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Abstract We have developed a cladding pumped tapered erbium-doped fibre with a record-high core diameter for erbium-doped fibres (100 mm) and a near diffraction-limited beam quality (μ 2 ∼ 1.3). Optimisation of the tapered fibre parameters provided a high (18 %) efficiency of pump radiation conversion at a wavelength of 976 nm into signal radiation at a wavelength of 1560 nm.

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4

Vukovic, Natasha, Neil G. R. Broderick, and Francesco Poletti. "Parabolic Pulse Generation Using Tapered Microstructured Optical Fibres." Advances in Nonlinear Optics 2008 (2008): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/480362.

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This paper presents a numerical study of parabolic pulse generation in tapered microstructured optical fibres (MOFs). Based on our results and the algorithms presented, one can determine the linear taper profile (starting and finishing pitch values and taper length) needed to achieve parabolic pulse shaping of an initial Gaussian pulse shape with different widths and powers. We quantify the evolution of the parabolic pulse using the misfit parameter and show that it is possible to reach values significantly better than those obtained by a step index fibre.

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5

Korec, Joanna, Karol Antoni Stasiewicz, and Leszek Roman Jaroszewicz. "Temperature effect on the light propagation in a tapered optical fiber with a twisted nematic liquid crystal cladding." Photonics Letters of Poland 11, no. 1 (April 3, 2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i1.881.

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This paper presents the influence of temperature on optical power spectrum propagated in a tapered optical fiber with twisted nematic liquid crystal cladding (TOF-TNLCC) modulated by an electric field. The measurements were performed for a liquid crystal cell with the twisted orientation of ITO layers, filled with E7 mixture. The induced reorientation of liquid crystal (LC) n-director was measured for visible and near-infrared wavelength range [550-1100 nm] at the electric field range of 0–160 V and temperature range of 20-60 °C. The relation between temperature and the optical power spectrum of the investigated device has been established. Full Text: PDF ReferencesV.J. Tekippe, "Passive fiber optic components made by the fused biconical taper process", Proc. SPIE 1085 (1990). CrossRef T. A. Birks, Y. W. Li, The shape of fiber tapers, Journal of Lightwave Technology 10, 4 (1992). CrossRef J. Korec, K. A. Stasiewicz, O. Strzeżysz, P. Kula, L. R. Jaroszewicz, Electro-Steering Tapered Fiber-Optic Device with Liquid Crystal Cladding, Journal of Sensors 2019: 1-11 (2019) CrossRef Ch. Veilleux, J. Lapierre, J. Bures, Liquid-crystal-clad tapered fibers, Opt. Lett. 11, 733-735 (1986) CrossRef J. F Henninot, D. Louvergneaux, N. Tabiryan, M. Warenghem, Controlled leakage of a tapered optical fiber with liquid crystal cladding, Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 282, 297-308. (1996). CrossRef Y. Wang, et.al., Tapered optical fiber waveguide coupling to whispering gallery modes of liquid crystal microdroplet for thermal sensing application, Opt. Express 25, 918-926 (2017) CrossRef J. Korec, K. A. Stasiewicz, O. Strzeżysz, P. Kula, L. R. Jaroszewicz, . E. Moś, Tapered fibre liquid crystal optical device, Proc. SPIE 10681 (2018) CrossRef G. Assanto, A. Picardi, R. Barboza, A. Alberucci, Electro-optic steering of Nematicons, Phot. Lett. Poland 4, 1 (2012). CrossRef A.Ghanadzadeh Gilani, M.S. Beevers, The Electro-optical kerr effect in eutectic nematic mixtures of E7 and E8,J ournal of Molecular Liquids, 92, 3 (2001). CrossRef E. C. Mägi, P. Steinvurzel, and B.J. Eggleton, Tapered photonic crystal fibers, Opt. Express 784, 12, 5 (2004). CrossRef Y. Li and J. Lit, Transmission properties of a multimode optical-fiber taper, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 2, (1985). CrossRef J. Korec, K. A. Stasiewicz, and L. R. Jaroszewicz, Temperature influence on optical power spectrum of the tapered fiber device with a liquid crystal cladding, Proc. SPIE 11045, 110450I (2019) CrossRef L.M. Blinov, Liquid crystals: physical properties and their possibilities in application, Advances in Liquid Crystal Research and Applications, (1981). CrossRef

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6

Zhang, Wu, Yanxiao Lin, Yusong Gao, Zekai Guo, Xiangling Li, Yuhong Hu, Pengcai Dong, Qifan Zhang, Xiaohui Fang, and Meng Zhang. "Numerical and Experimental Investigation on the Optical Manipulation from an Axicon Lensed Fiber." Micromachines 12, no. 2 (February 12, 2021): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12020187.

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Here we numerically and experimentally studied the optical trapping on a microsphere from an axicon lensed fiber (ALF). The optical force from the fiber with different tapered lengths and by incident light at different wavelengths is calculated. Numerically, the microsphere can be trapped by the fiber with tapered outline y=±x/0.5 and y=±x at a short incident wavelength of 900 nm. While for the fiber with tapered outline y=±x/2, the microsphere can be trapped by the light with longer wavelength of 1100 nm, 1300 nm, or 1500 nm. The optical trapping to a polystyrene microsphere is experimentally demonstrated in a microfluidic channel and the corresponding optical force is derived according to the fluid flow speed. This study can provide a guidance for future tapered fibre design for optical trapping to microspheres.

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7

Pendock, G., H. S. Mackenzie, and F. P. Payne. "Tapered optical fibre dye laser." Electronics Letters 28, no. 2 (1992): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19920092.

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8

Kumar, Rahul. "Magnetic Field Sensing Using Tapered Small-Core Optical Fibre Surrounded by Different Concentrations of Magnetic Fluid." Sensors 22, no. 21 (November 5, 2022): 8536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22218536.

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In this paper, a high-sensitivity magnetic field sensor based on a single-mode–tapered small-core–single-mode (STSCS) optical fibre structure is investigated. The tapered small-core section of STSCS is surrounded by magnetic fluid (MF) containing ferromagnetic particles (FMPs) of different concentrations. The FMPs align themselves along the magnetic field, depending on the strength of the magnetic field. This alignment of FMPs changes the refractive index around the tapered small-core section, which in turn changes the output spectral response of the STSCS optical fibre structure. The change in spectral response is then calibrated for sensing the magnetic field strength. This paper also investigates the effect of both the taper waist diameter of the STSCS optical fibre structure and the concentration of MF surrounding it on the magnetic field sensitivity. The maximum sensitivity demonstrated in this paper is 0.46 nm/mT for a taper waist diameter of 10 μm surrounded by 1.22% FMPs in the MF. The magnetic sensor demonstrates reversible results, and its effects on the orientation of the magnetic field along the X–Y, X–Z and Y–Z axes are also investigated, which suggest that the sensor is capable of vector magnetic field measurement.

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9

Sakr, Mohammed, M. Hesham El Naggar, and Moncef Nehdi. "Load transfer of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite tapered piles in dense sand." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 41, no. 1 (February 1, 2004): 70–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t03-067.

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This paper describes an experimental study conducted using a large, laboratory-scale testing facility to test pile segments at different stress levels. The objectives of the study were twofold: to examine the load-transfer mechanism of tapered piles in compression, and to evaluate the effect of pile material on pile performance characteristics. The results of axial compressive loading tests on 26 pile load tests were presented using fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) concrete composite tapered piles and steel piles. Two installation techniques were used, including conventional head driving and toe driving using a new technique. Piles were tested at different confining pressures to represent a pile segment at depths of 4.0 and 8.0 m. The load distribution along the pile shafts was measured and the results were compared with those from an analytical solution in terms of the taper coefficient Kt. The comparison showed reasonable agreement between Kt values established from the experiments and those obtained from the analytical solution. The measured toe resistance of tapered and cylindrical piles was compared with those from the analytical solution. A simple rational approach was proposed for the design of tapered piles.Key words: tapered piles, FRP, pile capacity, axial performance, centrifuge modeling, shaft resistance, toe resistance.

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10

Henry, W. M., and F. P. Payne. "Solid-state tapered optical fibre devices." Optical and Quantum Electronics 27, no. 3 (March 1995): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00563223.

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11

Sergio, Celaschi, Guerra Christiano P., Biazoli Claudecir, Cordeiro Cristiano B., and Grégoire Nicolas. "Strain Sensor from Tapered Fibres." EPJ Web of Conferences 238 (2020): 08004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023808004.

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A new all fibre, and low transmission loss, digital optical strain sensor is proposed. This sensor behaves as a Coaxial Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Special depressed cladding single-mode fibre DCF was tapered down to the micrometer scale presenting FSR in the nm range. The sensor is modelled to probe up to ± 0.2% strain when under expansive or compression stresses, returning 20 optical Power Transfer Turning Points (PTTP) at 1575 nm transmitted wavelength.

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12

Ghafar, Nurul Athirah Mohamad Abdul, Arni Munira Markom, Muhammad Quisar Lokman, Zulzilawati Jusoh, Yusrina Yusof, Hazlihan Haris, Ahmad Razif Muhammad, Zakiah Mohd Yusoff, Ismail Saad, and Sulaiman Wadi Harun. "Tapered Fiber Sensor for Citric Acid Detection." International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering 13, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.46338/ijetae0123_14.

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For many industries, the ability to distinguish between different solution concentrations is crucial. Modern sensors necessitate a labour-intensive and difficult approach. These problems are addressed by tapered fibre optic sensors. This fibre can be used as citric acid sensors because to its effectiveness, high sensitivity, stability, compact size, low cost, and tolerance to electromagnetic interference. The use of a tapered single-mode fibre sensor to monitor citric acid levels in deionized water is presented in this research. With increasing citric acid content, the wavelength shift of light transmitted from the fibre sensor is tracked and studied. Using a heat-pulling technique, the tapered fiber's waist diameter is reduced to 6 m. As the solution concentration increased from 400 ppm to 700 ppm, the wavelength shifted to the right, from 1524.86 nm to 1530 nm, with a sensitivity of 0.0169 nm/ppm and a linearity of 93%. This sensor has the benefits of being simple to use, inexpensive, and responsive.

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13

Usman, Hamza, Muhammad Hafiz Abu Bakar, Amir Syahir Hamzah, and Abu bakar Salleh. "A tapered fibre optics biosensor for histamine detection." Sensor Review 36, no. 1 (January 18, 2016): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-06-2015-0101.

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Purpose – This paper aims to estimate the level of histamine in fish and fish products, as it is very important because of their implication in fish poisoning in humans; hence, ascertaining histamine levels in the aforementioned serves as a chemical index for spoilage. Design/methodology/approach – A technique was developed to immobilize an ordered multilayer of diamine oxidase (DAO) by means of chemical cross-linking on the biconical taper surface stepwisely alternating between chitosan, glutaraldehyde and the enzyme. A spectrophotometric signal results from horseradish peroxidase catalyzed reduction of H2O2, a secondary product of the oxidative deamination of histamine monitored at 450 nm. Findings – The biosensor showed a linear response range up to 1.5 mM, a good sensitivity of 0.64 mM-1 with detection and quantification limits towards histamine of 0.086 mM (15.8 ppm) and 0.204 mM (37.7 ppm) and a linear response range of 0-1.5 mM. It showed a response and recovery time of 14 sec and operational stability up to 40 repeated analyses without significant loss of sensitivity. Practical implications – The developed biosensor has a good potential for use in the quantitative determination of histamine in seafood. Originality/value – The paper described an outcome of an experimental work on tapered fibre optics (taper)-based biosensor coated with DAO embedded into a chitosan membrane to measure histamine.

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Besley, J. A., G. B. Scelsi, and J. D. Love. "Local supermode analysis of tapered fibre sensor." IEE Proceedings - Optoelectronics 144, no. 6 (December 1, 1997): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-opt:19971609.

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15

Wang, A., W. Ding, T. A. Birks, and J. C. Knight. "935 nm Nd3+ fibre laser incorporating tapered photonic bandgap fibre filter." Electronics Letters 43, no. 6 (2007): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20070242.

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16

Urrutia, Aitor, Kartheka Bojan, Leonel Marques, Kevin Mullaney, Javier Goicoechea, Stephen James, Matt Clark, Ralph Tatam, and Sergiy Korposh. "Novel Highly Sensitive Protein Sensors Based on Tapered Optical Fibres Modified with Au-Based Nanocoatings." Journal of Sensors 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8129387.

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Novel protein sensors based on tapered optical fibres modified with Au coatings deposited using two different procedures are proposed. Au-based coatings are deposited onto a nonadiabatic tapered optical fibre using (i) a novel facile method composed of layer-by-layer deposition consisting of polycation (poly(allylamine hydrochloride), PAH) and negatively charged SiO2nanoparticles (NPs) followed by the deposition of the charged Au NPs and (ii) the sputtering technique. The Au NPs and Au thin film surfaces are then modified with biotin in order to bind streptavidin (SV) molecules and detect them. The sensing principle is based on the sensitivity of the transmission spectrum of the device to changes in the refractive index of the coatings induced by the SV binding to the biotin. Both sensors showed high sensitivity to SV, with the lowest measured concentration levels below 2.5 nM. The calculated binding constant for the biotin-SV pair was2.2×10-11 M−1when a tapered fibre modified with the LbL method was used, with a limit of detection (LoD) of 271 pM. The sensor formed using sputtering had a binding constant of1.01×10-10 M−1with a LoD of 806 pM. These new structures and their simple fabrication technique could be used to develop other biosensors.

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17

Hale, Z. M., F. P. Payne, R. S. Marks, C. R. Lowe, and M. M. Levine. "The single mode tapered optical fibre loop immunosensor." Biosensors and Bioelectronics 11, no. 1-2 (January 1996): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-5663(96)83721-3.

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18

Liu, Bing Hui, Li Jun Yang, and Yang Wang. "Trapping of Nano-Particles Using a Near-Field Optical Fiber Probe." Key Engineering Materials 516 (June 2012): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.516.90.

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By employing a generalization of the conservation law for momentum using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method, the feasibility of using a near-field optical fibre probe to create near-field optical trapping is investigated. Numerical results indicate that the scheme is able to trap nanoparticles with diameters of tens of nanometres in a circular shape with lower laser intensity. Using the built system with a tapered metal-coated fibre probe, 120 nm polystyrene particles are trapped in a multi-circular shape with a minimum size of 400 nm. They are at a resolution of λ/7 (λ: laser wavelength) and d (d: tip diameter of fiber probe), respectively.

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19

Shin, W., U. C. Ryu, and K. Oh. "OH absorption-induced loss in tapered singlemode optical fibre." Electronics Letters 38, no. 5 (2002): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20020180.

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20

Chiang, K. S. "Perturbation analysis of fused tapered single-mode fibre couplers." Electronics Letters 23, no. 14 (1987): 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19870509.

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21

Xiao-Wei, Dong, Lu Shao-Hua, Feng Su-Chun, Xu Ou, and Jian Shui-Sheng. "All-fibre micro-ring resonator based on tapered microfibre." Chinese Physics B 17, no. 3 (March 2008): 1029–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/17/3/047.

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22

MacKenzie, H. S., and F. P. Payne. "Saturable absorption in a tapered single-mode optical fibre." Electronics Letters 26, no. 21 (1990): 1744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19901120.

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23

Imoto, K., Y. Ikuta, and M. Maeda. "New biconically tapered fibre star coupler: structure and fabrication." Electronics Letters 21, no. 11 (May 23, 1985): 514–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19850364.

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24

Putnam, M. A., G. M. Williams, and E. J. Friebele. "Fabrication of tapered, strain-gradent chirped fibre Bragg gratings." Electronics Letters 31, no. 4 (February 16, 1995): 309–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19950177.

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25

Ouellette, F., and Y. Duval. "Optical equalisation with linearly tapered two-dissimilar-core fibre." Electronics Letters 27, no. 18 (1991): 1668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19911042.

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26

Birks, T. A., K. P. Oakley, and C. D. Hussey. "Adiabaticity of miniature loops in tapered single-mode fibre." Electronics Letters 28, no. 22 (1992): 2034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19921303.

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27

Alegria, C., R. Feced, M. N. Zervas, R. I. Laming, and S. G. Farwell. "Acousto-optic filters based on multi-tapered fibre structures." Electronics Letters 35, no. 12 (1999): 1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19990680.

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28

Chandrakar, Bhupesh K., NK Jain, and Ankur Gupta. "Non-linear vibration analysis of specially orthotropic tapered micro-plates with arbitrary located crack: A non-classical analytical approach." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 236, no. 3 (December 20, 2021): 1406–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09544062211019776.

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The present work aims to study the non-linear vibrations in a cracked orthotropic tapered micro-plate. Linear and parabolic variation in the plate thickness is assumed in one as well as two directions. The partial crack is located in the centre, and it is continuous; this crack’s location is arbitrary and can be varied within the centre-line. Based on classical plate theory, the equilibrium principle is applied, and the governing equation of tapered orthotropic plate is derived. Additionally, the microstructure’s effect has been included in the governing equation using the non-classical modified couple stress theory. The simplified line spring model is used to consider the impact of partial crack on the plate dynamics and is incorporated using in-plane forces and bending moments. The introduction of Berger’s formulation brings the non-linearity in the model in terms of in-plane forces. Here, Galerkin’s method has been chosen for converting the derived governing equation into time-dependent modal coordinates, which uses an approximate solution technique to solve the non-linear Duffing equation. The crack is considered along the fibres and across the fibres to show the effect of orthotropy. Results are presented for an orthotropic cracked plate with non-uniform thickness. The effects of the variation of taper constants, crack location, crack length, internal material length scale parameter on the fundamental frequency are obtained for two different boundary conditions. The non-linear frequency response curves are plotted to show the effect of non-linearity on the system dynamics using the method of multiple scales, and the contribution of taper constants and crack parameters on non-linearity is shown with bending-hardening and bending-softening phenomenon. It has been found that vibration characteristics are affected by the taper parameters and fibre direction for a cracked orthotropic plate.

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29

Chen, R., G. F. Fernando, T. Butler, and R. A. Badcock. "A novel ultrasound fibre optic sensor based on a fused-tapered optical fibre coupler." Measurement Science and Technology 15, no. 8 (July 20, 2004): 1490–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/15/8/010.

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30

Duan, Shaoxiang, Bo Wang, Mingqiang Qiao, Xu Zhang, Bo Liu, Hao Zhang, Binbin Song, and Jixuan Wu. "Hydrophobin HGFI–based fibre-optic biosensor for detection of antigen–antibody interaction." Nanophotonics 9, no. 1 (November 23, 2019): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0370.

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AbstractA compact S-tapered fibre biosensor functionalised with class I hydrophobin HGFI found in Grifola frondosa has been proposed for the first time to accrue label-free detection of reaction between goat–anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) (GAR, antibody) and rabbit–anti-hemagglutinin IgG (R, antigen). The HGFI nanolayer self-assembled on fibre surface provides a distinguished analytical platform to implement biocompatible binding owing to its prominent amphiphilicity and remarkable optical as well as biochemical properties. Water contact angle measurements, atomic force microscopy, and immunofluorescence assay are utilised to characterize the modification properties of siliconised substrate surface with HGFI. Functionalisation of the S-tapered fibre is achieved by exploiting self-assembly of HGFI and immobilisation of GAR for specific R detection. HGFI with a concentration of 300 μg/ml allows the formation of a self-assembled amphipathic film on fibre surface, which can adsorb antibody smoothly with such desirable merits as ease of operation, fast response, good stability, good repeatability, and no side effects. Immunoassay experiments are conducted based on dip wavelengths interrogation of the interferometric transmission spectrum. In this study, we propose a novel antigen detection scheme, which could be extended for the detection of other biomolecules owing to its high integration, good specificity, real-time detection, and simple detection scheme.

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31

Myers, S. J., D. P. Fussell, J. M. Dawes, E. Mägi, R. C. McPhedran, B. J. Eggleton, and C. Martijn de Sterke. "Manipulation of spontaneous emission in a tapered photonic crystal fibre." Optics Express 14, no. 25 (December 11, 2006): 12439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.14.012439.

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32

Konan, D., H. R. Giovannini, S. J. Huard, and X. Daxhelet. "Temperature measurement with a tapered monomode fibre using coherence multiplexing." Pure and Applied Optics: Journal of the European Optical Society Part A 3, no. 4 (July 1994): 679–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-9659/3/4/031.

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33

Cheong, Y. K., K. S. Lim, W. H. Lim, W. Y. Chong, R. Zakaria, and H. Ahmad. "Note: Fabrication of tapered fibre tip using mechanical polishing method." Review of Scientific Instruments 82, no. 8 (August 2011): 086115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3627374.

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34

Jedrzejewski, K. P., F. Martinez, J. D. Minelly, C. D. Hussey, and F. P. Payne. "Tapered-beam expander for single-mode optical-fibre gap devices." Electronics Letters 22, no. 2 (1986): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19860073.

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35

Moss, D. J., Y. Miao, V. Ta'eed, E. C. Mägi, and B. J. Eggleton. "Coupling to high-index waveguides via tapered microstructured optical fibre." Electronics Letters 41, no. 17 (2005): 951. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20051819.

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36

Tammela, S., P. Pöyhönen, and A. Tervonen. "Triple layer refractive index profile for tapered fibre beam expanders." Electronics Letters 25, no. 18 (1989): 1205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19890808.

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37

MacKenzie, H. S., and F. P. Payne. "Evanescent field amplification in a tapered single-mode optical fibre." Electronics Letters 26, no. 2 (1990): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19900089.

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38

Faruqi, A. R., and H. N. Andrews. "Cooled CCD camera with tapered fibre optics for electron microscopy." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 392, no. 1-3 (June 1997): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(97)00217-9.

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39

Müller, G., B. Stegmüller, H. Westermeier, and G. Wenger. "Tapered InP/InGaAsP waveguide structure for efficient fibre-chip coupling." Electronics Letters 27, no. 20 (1991): 1836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19911141.

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40

Pacheco, M., A. Méndez, L. A. Zenteno, and F. Mendoza-Santoyo. "Chirping optical fibre Bragg gratings using tapered-thickness piezoelectric ceramic." Electronics Letters 34, no. 24 (1998): 2348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19981637.

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41

Grobnic, D., H. Ding, S. J. Mihailov, C. W. Smelser, and J. Broeng. "High birefringence fibre Bragg gratings written in tapered photonic crystal fibre with femtosecond IR radiation." Electronics Letters 43, no. 1 (2007): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20073540.

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42

Jeswani, A. L., and J. A. Roux. "Impact of Processing Parameters and Tapering of Injection Chamber Walls in Resin Injection Pultrusion." Polymers and Polymer Composites 15, no. 7 (October 2007): 507–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110701500701.

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This study seeks to improve the wet-out and thus the quality of the pultruded part in the tapered injection pultrusion process. Complete wet-out of the dry fibre reinforcement by the liquid resin depends strongly on the processing parameters. Process parameters modelled were: fibre pull speed, fibre volume fraction and resin viscosity. In this work a 3-D finite volume technique was developed to simulate the flow of polyester resin through the glass rovings. The results show the impact of the tapering of the injection chamber walls on the minimum injection pressure necessary to achieve complete fibre matrix wet-out and the resin pressure at the injection chamber exit. Important chamber design information is presented.

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43

Lam, Angus C. C., J. J. Roger Cheng, Michael C. H. Yam, and Gaylene D. Kennedy. "Repair of steel structures by bonded carbon fibre reinforced polymer patching: experimental and numerical study of carbon fibre reinforced polymer – steel double-lap joints under tensile loading." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 34, no. 12 (December 2007): 1542–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l07-074.

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The behavior of carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite bonded to a steel plate double-lap joint was investigated experimentally. A total of 19 specimens were tested with the major test parameters being the bonded lap length, LL, and the axial adherend stiffness ratio, ETR. Five of the 19 specimens were prepared using CFRP sheets, and the rest using CFRP plates. Two CFRP plate specimens were prepared with a tapered lap joint, and their results were compared with those of counterpart specimens prepared without tapered lap joints. In general, the behavior of specimens made from either CFRP sheets or CFRP plates were similar. The joint's axial load carrying capacity increased with increasing LL up to a certain limit, when the joint's load carrying capacity could no longer be increased by increasing LL. However, experimental results showed that a larger failure deformation could be achieved by increasing LL past this limit. Specimens that had the same inner adherend thickness but higher axial adherend stiffness ratios showed higher axial load carrying capacities. Test results also showed that the strengths of tapered lap joints were almost the same as those of nontapered lap joints with the same LL. Nonlinear finite element analysis was carried out to study the stress–strain behavior of the adherend and the adhesive of the double-lap joint. Using finite element analysis results in an analytical solution obtained from the literature, predictions of the joint's maximum axial strength and minimum required LL were made. This analytical solution provided good predictions when compared with test results, producing test to predicted ratios from 0.88 to 1.14.

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44

Liu Gui-Yuan, Teng Shu-Yun, Cheng Chuan-Fu, Song Hong-Sheng, and Liu Man. "Propagation of femtosecond laser pulses through metal-coated tapered fibre probe." Acta Physica Sinica 58, no. 11 (2009): 7613. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.58.7613.

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45

Choi, S., K. Oh, W. Shin, and U. C. Ryu. "Low loss mode converter based on adiabatically tapered hollow optical fibre." Electronics Letters 37, no. 13 (2001): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20010563.

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46

Ibrahim, S. A., A. H. Ridzwan, A. Mansoor, and K. D. Dambul. "Tapered optical fibre coated with chitosan for lead (II) ion sensing." Electronics Letters 52, no. 12 (June 2016): 1049–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2016.0762.

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47

Villatoro, J., D. Monzón-Hernández, and D. Talavera. "High resolution refractive index sensing with cladded multimode tapered optical fibre." Electronics Letters 40, no. 2 (2004): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20040069.

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48

Scolari, L., T. T. Alkeskjold, and A. Bjarklev. "Tunable Gaussian filter based on tapered liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibre." Electronics Letters 42, no. 22 (2006): 1270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20062819.

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49

Akimov, Denis A., Anatoliy A. Ivanov, Mikhail V. Alfimov, Andrei B. Fedotov, T. A. Birks, W. J. Wadsworth, P. St J. Russell, et al. "Frequency conversion of femtosecond Cr:forsterite-laser pulses in a tapered fibre." Quantum Electronics 33, no. 4 (April 30, 2003): 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qe2003v033n04abeh002418.

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50

Kuznetsov, A. G., D. S. Kharenko, and S. A. Babin. "Amplification of dissipative solitons with a polarisation-maintaining tapered fibre amplifier." Quantum Electronics 48, no. 12 (December 18, 2018): 1105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qel16853.

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