Journal articles on the topic 'Tape spring ligaments'
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Sarhan, Islam, Islam Mubark, and Ahmed Waly. "Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability: Results of Anatomic Repair with Polyester Tape Augmentation." Ortopedia Traumatologia Rehabilitacja 22, no. 1 (February 29, 2020): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.9781.
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Background. Ankle sprains are one of the most common injuries in both athletes and the general population. A major problem accompanying ankle injury is the high rate of recurrence, with about 20% of acute ankle sprain patients developing chronic ankle instability. Unlike acute ankle sprain, chronic ankle instability usually needs surgical intervention. Various anatomic reconstruction techniques using the ruptured ends of the ligaments to restore stability have gained popularity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional results of the treatment of chronic lateral ankle instability with anatomic repair of the injured ligaments and reinforcement with polyester tape. Material and methods. A prospective study of 30 consecutive patients who underwent anatomic reconstruction of the lateral ligaments using transosseous suturing and augmentation using a polyester tape done at a single centre by a single surgeon from 2016 to 2017. All patients were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively at 6 weeks, 3, 6 and 12 months. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Score (AOFAS) and Free Online Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) were recorded and used for results analysis. Results. At 12 months’ follow-up, the AOFAS had improved from mean 52.47 ± 2.06 to 91.0 ± 6.03 (p< 0.001) .The FAAM mean score had improved from mean 55.21± 1.9 to 90.43 ± 4.02 Conclusion. The ankle ligament reconstruction with additional polyester tape augmentation is an effective technique in treating chronic ankle instability with a satisfactory surgical outcome.
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Fogleman, Jason, Christopher Kreulen, Aida Sarcon, Patrick Michelier, Rachel Swafford, Eric Giza, and Jesse Doty. "Radiographic Evaluation of Adult Acquired Flatfoot Correction with Augmented Spring Ligament Repair." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 4, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 2473011419S0017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011419s00172.
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Category: Flatfoot reconstruction Introduction/Purpose: Adult acquired flatfoot often results from posterior tibial tendon dysfunction followed by attenuation of the ligamentous support of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot. The spring ligament is the strongest ligamentous support for the talonavicular joint making it a viable target for flatfoot reconstruction procedures. There are concerns that direct repair of the spring ligament complex could result in failure as the already attenuated tissues of the ligament stretch out with mobilization and weight bearing. Suture tape augmentation of ligament repairs has shown greater loads to failure in biomechanical testing; however, there is a paucity of data surrounding clinical and radiographic outcomes of flatfoot reconstruction with augmented spring ligament repair. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of patients who underwent flatfoot reconstruction including spring ligament repair with suture tape augmentation between July 2014 and August 2017. Weight bearing radiographs were obtained for all patients both pre-operatively and at their last available follow-up. All radiographs were assessed by two surgeons for validated radiographic parameters including AP talocalcaneal angle, AP talo-first metatarsal angle, AP talar uncoverage, lateral talocalcaneal angle, lateral talo-first metatarsal (Meary) angle, lateral medial cuneiform-fifth metatarsal height, and lateral calcaneal pitch. Paired sample T-tests were used to compare pre-operative and post-operative radiographic measurements to assess for correction of these parameters. Results: 57 patients met inclusion criteria. The average time to final radiographic evaluation was 47 weeks (10 to 200 weeks). All radiographic parameters assessed showed significant correction when compared to pre-operative measurements. The average correction for each parameter included 6.02 degrees for AP talocalcaneal angle (p<0.001), 10.96 degrees for AP talo-first metatarsal angle (p<0.001), 12.65% for AP talar uncoverage percentage (p<0.001), 4.27 degrees for lateral talocalcaneal angle (p<0.001), 11.35 degrees for lateral talo-first metatarsal (Meary) angle (p<0.001), 8.31 mm for lateral medial cuneiform-fifth metatarsal height (p<0.001), and 2.91 degrees for lateral calcaneal pitch (p<0.001). Post-operative complications occurred in 5 patients. Conclusion: Reconstruction of adult acquired flatfoot with spring ligament repair using suture tape augmentation is a safe procedure that resulted in significant weight bearing radiographic correction at an average of 47 weeks follow-up.
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Lan, Rae, Eric T. Piatt, Ioanna K. Bolia, Aryan Haratian, Laith Hasan, Alexander B. Peterson, Mark Howard, et al. "Suture Tape Augmentation in Lateral Ankle Ligament Surgery: Current Concepts Review." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 6, no. 4 (October 1, 2021): 247301142110459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/24730114211045978.
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Chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) is a condition that is characterized by persistent disability and recurrent ankle sprains while encompassing both functional and mechanical (laxity) instability. Failure of conservative treatment for CLAI often necessitates operative intervention to restore the stability of the ankle joint. The traditional or modified Broström techniques have been the gold standard operative approaches to address CLAI with satisfactory results; however, patients with generalized ligament laxity (GLL), prior unsuccessful repair, high body mass index, or high-demand athletes may experience suboptimal outcomes. Synthetic ligament constructs have been tested as an adjunct to orthopedic procedures to reinforce repaired or reconstructed ligaments or tendons with the hope of early mobilization, faster rehabilitation, and long-term prevention of instability. Suture tape augmentation is useful to address CLAI. Multiple operative techniques have been described. Because of the heterogeneity among the reported techniques and variability in postoperative rehabilitation protocols, it is difficult to evaluate whether the use of suture tape augmentation provides true clinical benefit in patients with CLAI. This review aims to provide a comprehensive outline of all the current techniques using suture tape augmentation for treatment of CLAI as well as present recent research aimed at guiding evidence-based protocols.
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Bartolomei, Jonathan, Mark W. Bowers, and Kenneth J. Hunt. "Kinematics after Syndesmotic Injury: Assessing the Magnitude of Talus and Fibula Rotation and Displacement." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 5, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 2473011420S0011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011420s00114.
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Category: Ankle; Sports; Other Introduction/Purpose: High ankle sprains, or injuries to the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis, are predictive of long-term ankle dysfunction. Our objectives were to evaluate ankle mortise stability, radiographically, and kinematically, using a cadaveric model with a simulated syndesmotic injury. We also measured the ability of a suture-button system to restore natural joint motion. Methods: Eight cadaveric specimens underwent serial sectioning of the anterior-inferior tibiofibular (AITFL), interosseous (IOL), posterior-inferior tibiofibular (PITFL), and deltoid ligaments. Specimens underwent external rotation and lateral translation testing after ligament release to obtain kinematic data (using a validated infrared LED motion capture system) and radiographic measurements. We then repeated external rotation and lateral translation testing after implementing a suture-button system. Repeated measures ANOVA with a Bonferroni/Dunn post-hoc test calculated the interspecimen comparisons. Results: Sectioning of each ligament, beginning with the AITFL, significantly increased talar external rotation. After releasing the AITFL and IOL, fibular external rotation increased significantly. Posterior displacement of the fibula began following the release of AITFL. Significant radiographic widening of the medial clear space and the syndesmosis occurred only after the release of the deltoid ligament. Syndesmotic and medial clear space widening was not significantly different from the intact state under lateral translation until after the release of the deltoid ligament. Placement of the suture-button system successfully reduced the medial clear space but was unable to restore the native stability of the ankle joint. Conclusion: This project addresses rotational and kinematic changes in the ankle after syndesmotic injury by quantifying the effect of ligamentous disruption on the tibiotalar articulation. The change in joint kinematics may explain why patients with moderate-to-severe syndesmosis injuries take longer to heal and develop long-term dysfunction. Significant talar rotation and posterior fibular displacement occur during external rotation, even with moderate syndesmosis injury, and before the disruption of the deltoid ligament. Stress radiography does not appear to be a reliable indicator of mild or moderate syndesmosis injuries.
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Nery, Caio A., Marcelo P. Prado, Ricardo Villar, and Andre Lemos. "Arthroscopic Syndesmotic Repair with Suture Tape Augmentation." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, no. 4 (October 2022): 2473011421S0084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00844.
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Category: Arthroscopy; Ankle; Sports Introduction/Purpose: High ankle sprains or syndesmotic lesions can occur after an external rotation force in a dorsiflexed foot. These lesions may present isolated or combined with medial collateral ligaments lesions or fractures. Unstable lesions should be operatively treated since syndesmotic instability can cause pain, disability, chondral lesions and arthritis. A recent biomechanical cadaveric study suggested that syndesmosis suture button fixation with suture tape augmentation can restore stability to a pre injury level, while suture button alone was insufficient to restore stability and screw fixation was associated with overtightening of the syndesmosis. The purpose of this work is to describe a new minimally invasive arthroscopic technique that uses a synthetic tape to augment suture button fixation of syndesmotic instability. Methods: After arthroscopic debridement of the syndesmosis, one bone tunnel is made with a 4.0mm drill at the anterolateral distal tibia rim and at the anterior distal fibula just above the anterior talofibular ligament origin. A 4,75mm swivelock armed with a fibertape (Arthrex©) is introduced at the distal fibula hole. After obtaining adequate syndesmotic reduction with the help of a reduction clamp, suture button fixation was made through a mini lateral access. The fibertape was then appropriately tensioned and inserted at the distal tibia hole with another 4,75mm swivelock. Adequate reduction was observed with the Mercedes-Benz sign and stability was confirmed arthroscopically. Results: Only a few patients were submitted to this technique. At short follow up, none of them presented with complications or complaints Conclusion: We believe that unstable syndesmotic treatment using the suture button fixation and anterior inferior tibiofibular arthroscopic augmentation with suture-tape described in this work can restore syndesmotic stability to pre injury levels with low morbidity and lesser complication rates compared to other techniques. Nonetheless, comparative clinical studies are still needed to confirm our hypothesis.
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Slevin, Zack M., Graham P. Arnold, Weijie Wang, and Rami J. Abboud. "Immediate effect of kinesiology tape on ankle stability." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 6, no. 1 (February 2020): e000604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000604.
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BackgroundLateral ankle sprain is one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries, particularly among the sporting population. Due to such prevalence, many interventions have been tried to prevent initial, or further, ankle sprains. Current research shows that the use of traditional athletic tape can reduce the incidence of sprain recurrence, but this may be at a cost to athletic performance through restriction of motion. Kinesiology tape, which has become increasingly popular, is elastic in nature, and it is proposed by the manufacturers that it can correct ligament damage. Kinesiology tape, therefore, may be able to improve stability and reduce ankle sprain occurrence while overcoming the problems of traditional tape.AimTo assess the effect of kinesiology tape on ankle stability.Methods27 healthy individuals were recruited, and electromyography (EMG) measurements were recorded from the peroneus longus and tibialis anterior muscles. Recordings were taken from the muscles of the dominant leg during induced sudden ankle inversion perturbations using a custom-made tilting platform system. This was performed with and without using kinesiology tape and shoes, creating four different test conditions: barefoot(without tape), shoe(without tape), barefoot(with tape) and shoe(with tape). For each test condition, the peak muscle activity, average muscle activity and the muscle latency were calculated.ResultsNo significant difference (p>0.05) was found by using the kinesiology tape on any of the measured variables while the wearing of shoes significantly increased all the variables.ConclusionKinesiology tape has no effect on ankle stability and is unable to nullify the detrimental effects that shoes appear to have.
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Neary, Kaitlin C., Anthony N. Khoury, Michael C. Aynardi, Robert Kulwin, and Anand M. Vora. "Traditional Modified Brostrom vs Suture Tape Ligament Augmentation for Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, no. 4 (October 2022): 2473011421S0084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00841.
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Category: Sports; Ankle; Other Introduction/Purpose: Surgical treatment of chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) with the Modified Brostrom-Gould (MB) procedure and suture tape ligament augmentation (+ST) has proven to be biomechanically and clinically successful. A concern regarding the MB + ST procedure is increased surgical costs and additional operating room time. To date, there are no available studies in the literature evaluating the cost-effectiveness of suture tape ligament augmentation of the Modified Brostrom-Gould procedure. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate and report the cost-effectiveness of the Modified Brostrom-Gould procedure, with and without suture tape ligament augmentation. Methods: This study followed the consensus-based recommendations made by the Panel on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine. The base case was assumed to be a healthy individual with symptomatic CLAI following recurrent ankle sprains requiring surgical intervention. The standard MB technique utilized two 2.4 mm BioComposite SutureTak anchors for direct anatomic repair of the disrupted anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments. This treatment was then compared to the Modified Brostrom-Gould procedure with the addition of suture tape ligament augmentation (MB + ST). A Markov Model was designed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the MB + ST procedure. Model input variables and parameters were derived from a prospective randomized clinical study which described the rate of return to previous activity level at 26 weeks postoperatively for the MB and MB + ST groups. Direct and indirect surgical costs were incorporated into the model to provide an accurate financial assessment of both procedures. Results: When only direct surgical costs were considered, the total cost of MB was $2,318.88 and the total effectiveness was 0.91 quality-adjusted-life-years (QALY) over the 26-week period. The total cost for MB + ST was $4,004.93 and the total effectiveness was 0.98 QALY's. Patients in the MB + ST group spent, on average, $1,686 more than those in the MB group, with a higher quality of life by 0.07 QALYs. To evaluate the impact of indirect surgical costs, a sensitivity analysis was performed which measured the additional costs associated with physical therapy and time off work. Patients in the MB group incurred an increased physical therapy cost of $4,212 assuming 4.2 extra weeks of treatment. Assuming those in the MB group returned to full duty work 4.2 weeks later than those in the MB + ST group, this resulted in a net loss of approximately $5,413.80 in wages. Conclusion: In the early postoperative period following lateral ligament reconstruction for CLAI, MB + ST technique yields a higher quality of life and lower overall expense despite a higher direct surgical cost when compared to MB alone. The cost effectiveness of the MB + ST technique was further supported through a sensitivity analysis which revealed that as indirect surgical costs were incorporated into the model, MB + ST became an even more cost effective option. This cost-effectiveness analysis adds to the growing literature in support of suture tape augmentation for the Modified Brostrom-Gould procedure.
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Vuurberg, Gwendolyn, Alexander Hoorntje, Lauren M. Wink, Brent F. W. van der Doelen, Michel P. van den Bekerom, Rienk Dekker, C. Niek van Dijk, et al. "Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of ankle sprains: update of an evidence-based clinical guideline." British Journal of Sports Medicine 52, no. 15 (March 7, 2018): 956. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-098106.
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This guideline aimed to advance current understandings regarding the diagnosis, prevention and therapeutic interventions for ankle sprains by updating the existing guideline and incorporate new research. A secondary objective was to provide an update related to the cost-effectiveness of diagnostic procedures, therapeutic interventions and prevention strategies. It was posited that subsequent interaction of clinicians with this guideline could help reduce health impairments and patient burden associated with this prevalent musculoskeletal injury. The previous guideline provided evidence that the severity of ligament damage can be assessed most reliably by delayed physical examination (4–5 days post trauma). After correct diagnosis, it can be stated that even though a short time of immobilisation may be helpful in relieving pain and swelling, the patient with an acute lateral ankle ligament rupture benefits most from use of tape or a brace in combination with an exercise programme.New in this update: Participation in certain sports is associated with a heightened risk of sustaining a lateral ankle sprain. Care should be taken with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) usage after an ankle sprain. They may be used to reduce pain and swelling, but usage is not without complications and NSAIDs may suppress the natural healing process. Concerning treatment, supervised exercise-based programmes preferred over passive modalities as it stimulates the recovery of functional joint stability. Surgery should be reserved for cases that do not respond to thorough and comprehensive exercise-based treatment. For the prevention of recurrent lateral ankle sprains, ankle braces should be considered as an efficacious option.
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Baghbani, Mohammad, Mohammadtaghi Amiri-Khorasani, and Abdolhamid Daneshjoo. "Effect of Kinesio Taping on Ankle Joint Kinematics During Landing on Stable and Unstable Surfaces in Ankle Sprain and Health Persons." Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 10, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 522–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/sjrm.10.3.12.
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Background and Aims: Landing is a typical sports motion that can create impact force 2-12 times of body weight, and finally, it’s one of the main reasons for non-contact injuries in ankle ligaments. Specialized. The usual effects of Kinesio tape include increasing proprioception, health direction of joints, reducing pain, and raising pressure on nervous tissue. The study aimed to investigate the effect of Kinesio taping on ankle joint kinematics during landing on stiff and soft surfaces in ankle sprain and healthy persons. Methods: The method of the present study was quasi-experimental with a two-group design in control groups (without ankle sprain) and experimental (with an ankle sprain). A total of 30 male students of the Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman were purposefully and accessibly selected and divided into two groups with (15 students) and without ankle sprains (15 students). Then, they performed both landing operations on stable and unstable surfaces, with and without Kinesio tape. Maximum dorsi and plantar flexion, supination, pronation and maximum ankle angular velocity parameters were recorded by a three-dimensional motion analysis system. Statistical analysis was performed using independent t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance at the significant level of 0.05. Results: There was no significant reduction in plantar flexion of the ankle in healthy and twisted individuals while landing on stable and unstable surfaces with and without Kinesio tape (P≤0.07), but there was a significant reduction in the dorsiflexion in both groups(P≤0.001). On the other hand, there was no significant decrease in pronation (P≤0.66), but there was a significant decrease in foot supination (P≤0.001). Conclusion: Generally, Kinesio tape in recovery ankle movement is offered to persons for ankle sprain. Thus recommendation landing exercises fare with more flexion angle and less knee joint valgus and more dorsiflexion angle at ankle joint and preferable on the unstable surfaces.
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Tang, Chris Yuk Kwan, and Ka Ho Ng. "A valuable option: Clinical and radiological outcomes of braided suture tape system augmentation for spring ligament repair in flexible flatfoot." Foot 45 (December 2020): 101685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foot.2020.101685.
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Nyanzi, CS, J. Langridge, Jrc Heyworth, and R. Mani. "Randomized controlled study of ultrasound therapy in the management of acute lateral ligament sprains of the ankle joint." Clinical Rehabilitation 13, no. 1_suppl (January 1999): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026921559901300103.
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Objective: To determine the efficacy of a fixed dose of ultrasound energy to treat acute lateral ligament sprains of the ankle joint. Study design: Double-blind randomised controlled trial. Setting: Accident and Emergency department of University Teaching Hospital. Subjects: Patients presenting at Accident and Emergency with ankle injuries. Intervention: Ultrasound or placebo, and Tubigrip. Outcome measures: Pain measured with visual analogue scales, swelling using a tape measure, range of movement using a fluid-filled goniometer, and weight bearing using two scales simultaneously. Results: Patients in both groups improved symptomatically. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in any outcome measure. Within groups, statistically significant differences were detected in pain perceived, and range of movement (dorsiflexion). Conclusion: At the dose and duration used, ultrasound therapy is no better than placebo in the management of lateral ligament injuries.
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Hermanns, Christina, Reed Coda, Sana Cheema, Matthew Vopat, Megan Bechtold, Armin Tarakemeh, Scott Mullen, John Schroeppel, and Bryan Vopat. "Review of Variability in Rehabilitation Protocols after Lateral Ankle Ligament Surgery." Kansas Journal of Medicine 13 (June 25, 2020): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/kjm.v13i.13820.
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Introduction. Ankle sprains are one of the most common athletic injuries. If a patient fails to improve through conservative management, surgery is an option to restore ankle stability. The purpose of this study was to analyze and assess the variability across different rehabilitation protocols for patients undergoing either lateral ankle ligament repair, reconstruction, and suture tape augmentation.
Methods. Using a web-based search for published rehabilitation protocols after lateral ankle ligament repair, reconstruction, and suture tape augmentation, a total of 26 protocols were found. Inclusion criteria were protocols for post-operative care after an ankle ligament surgery (repair, reconstruction, or suture tape augmentation). Protocols for multi-ligament surgeries and non-operative care were excluded. A scoring rubric was created to analyze different inclusion, exclusion, and timing of protocols such as weight-bearing, range of motion (ROM), immobilization with brace, single leg exercises, return to running, and return to sport (RTS). Protocols inclusion of different recommendations was recorded along with the time frame that activities were suggested in each protocol.
Results. Twenty-six protocols were analyzed. There was variability across rehabilitation protocols for lateral ankle ligament operative patients especially in the type of immobilizing brace, time to partial and full weigh bearing, time to plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, eversion and inversion movements of the ankle, and return to single leg exercise and running. For repair and reconstruction, none of these categories had greater than 60% agreement between protocols. All (12/12) repair, internal brace, and unspecified protocols and 86% (12/14) of reconstruction protocols recommended no ROM immediately postoperatively. Eighty-six percent (6/7) of repair and 78% (11/14) of reconstruction protocols recommended no weight-bearing immediately after surgery, making post-operative ROM and weight-bearing status the most consistent aspects across protocols. Five protocols allowed post-operative weight-bearing in a cast to keep ROM restricted. Sixty-six percent (2/3) of suture tape augmentation protocols allowed full weight-bearing immediately post-operatively. Suture tape augmentation protocols generally allowed rehabilitation to occur on a quicker time-line with full weight-bearing by week 4-6 in 100% (3/3) of protocols and full ROM by week 8-10 in 66% (2/3) protocols. RTS was consistent in repair protocols (100% at week 12-16) but varied more in reconstruction.
Conclusion. There is significant variability in the post-operative protocols after surgery for ankle instability. ROM was highly variable across protocols and did not always match-up with supporting literature for early mobilization of the ankle. Return to sport was most likely to correlate between protocols and the literature. Weight-bearing was consistent between most protocols but requires further research to determine the best practice. Overall, the variability between programs demonstrated the need for standardization of rehabilitation protocols.
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Larkins, Christopher G., Alex W. Brady, Zachary S. Aman, Grant J. Dornan, Craig T. Haytmanek, and Thomas O. Clanton. "Evaluation of the Intact Anterior Talofibular and Calcaneofibular Ligaments, Injuries, and Repairs With and Without Augmentation: A Biomechanical Robotic Study." American Journal of Sports Medicine 49, no. 9 (June 10, 2021): 2432–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465211018645.
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Background: Acute ankle sprains are common injuries. The anterior talofibular (ATFL) and calcaneofibular ligaments (CFL) are the most injured lateral structures. However, controversy exists on the optimal surgical treatment when the injury is both acute and severe or becomes chronic and unstable. Studies have evaluated the biomechanics of these ligaments, but no studies have robotically evaluated injury effects and surgical treatment of ATFL or ATFL and CFL injuries. Purpose: To quantitatively evaluate biomechanical effects of ATFL and CFL lesions, ATFL repair, ATFL and CFL repair, and augmentation of ATFL on ankle stability. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Ten nonpaired cadaveric ankles were tested using a 6 degrees of freedom robot. Each ankle underwent testing in the following states sequentially: (1) intact, (2) ATFL cut, (3) CFL cut, (4) ATFL repair + CFL cut, (5) ATFL repair + CFL repair, and (6) ATFL repair with augmentation with suture tape + CFL repair. Testing included 88 N anterior drawer and 5 N·m varus talar tilt tests at 0° and 30° of plantarflexion, and 88 N Cotton test at 0° of plantarflexion. Results: After all surgical treatments ankles still had increased laxity compared with intact state testing, except after augmented ATFL repair + CFL repair in anterior drawer testing at 30° of plantarflexion ( P = .393). Sectioning the CFL caused a significant increase in talar tilt compared with the ATFL cut state at 0° ( P < .001) and 30° of plantarflexion ( P < .001), but no increase in anterior drawer or Cotton tests. Conclusion: Complete native stability may not be attainable at time zero repair with the tested treatments. The option that best returned stability in anterior translation was augmented ATFL repair with nonaugmented CFL repair. The importance of the CFL as a primary ligamentous stabilizer for talar tilt was confirmed. Clinical Relevance: Evaluating lateral ankle stability and treatment with a 6 degrees of freedom robot should help delineate optimal treatment options. Findings in this study show that none of the repair methods at time zero restored kinematics to the intact state. Of the tested states, the augmented ATFL repair with CFL repair was the best option for controlling anterior translation at time zero. The importance of addressing the CFL to correct talar tilt instability was suggested as was the importance of a period of immobilization before beginning protected rehabilitation. The benefit of ATFL repair augmentation with suture tape is in limiting the postoperative motion in an anterior drawer motion to just 0.5 to 1 mm, but there was no significant improvement to talar tilt even with CFL repair, suggesting that further consideration should be given to CFL augmentation in future studies.
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Hermanns, Christina, Reed Coda, Sana Cheema, Matthew Vopat, Megan Bechtold, Armin Tarakemeh, Scott Mullen, Paul Schroeppel, and Bryan G. Vopat. "Review of Variability in Rehabilitation Protocols after Lateral Ankle Ligament Surgery." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 5, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 2473011420S0024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011420s00246.
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Category: Ankle; Sports Introduction/Purpose: Ankle sprains are one of the most common athletic injuries. If a patient fails to improve through conservative management, surgery is an option to restore ankle stability. The purpose of this study is to analyze the variability across rehabilitation for patients undergoing lateral ankle ligament repair, reconstruction, or suture tape augmentation. Methods: 26 protocols were found. Inclusion criteria was protocols for ankle ligament surgery. Protocols for nonoperative care were excluded. A rubric was created to analyze weightbearing, range of motion (ROM), immobilization, single leg exercises, return to running, and return to sport (RTS). Results: There was variability especially in recommendations for immobilizing brace, partial and full weigh bearing, specific ROM movements of the ankle, and return to single leg exercise and running. For repair and reconstruction, none of these categories had greater than 60% agreement. 100% (12/12) of repair and 86% (12/14) of reconstruction protocols recommended no ROM postoperatively, and 86% (6/7) repair and 78% (11/14) reconstruction recommended no weightbearing postoperatively, making postoperative ROM and weightbearing status the most consistent aspects across protocols. Suture tape augmentation protocols generally allowed rehabilitation on a quicker timeline with full weightbearing by week 4-6 in 100% (3/3) of protocols and full ROM by week 8-10 in 66% (2/3). RTS was consistent in repair protocols (100% at week 12-16). Conclusion: ROM was variable across protocols and did not always match up with supporting literature. Return to sport was likely to correlate between protocols and the literature. Weightbearing was consistent between protocols. The variability between programs demonstrated the need for standardization of rehabilitation.
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Davari, Ahmadreza, Soheil Mansour Sohani, Javad Sarrafzadeh, and Afsaneh Nikjoui. "Evaluation of the Effects of Tecar Therapy on Acute Symptoms of Athletes Following Lateral Ankle Ligament Sprain." Function and Disability Journal 4, no. 1 (August 7, 2021): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/fdj.4.31.
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Background and Objectives: Tecar therapy as a modality has been considered due to its reported effects on reducing pain and swelling and finally increasing range of motion and improving function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of tecar therapy on acute symptoms of athletes following lateral ankle ligament sprain in the treatment and control groups between pre-treatment periods, after 6 sessions, and after 12 sessions of treatment. Methods: In this study, 23 patients in each group including athletes with an acute lateral ankle ligament sprain in the acute stage in Tehran. The participant of this study were divided into 2 groups of control with normal treatment and the second group with normal treatment + tecar treatment. Participants were homogenized in terms of age, height, weight, and level of exercise. To evaluate the pain intensity of patients in the two groups and to measure the swelling of the ankle joint, a tape measure (mm) was used. A goniometer was used to measure the degree of ankle motions. The Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) questionnaire was also used to collect data. Results: Statistical analyzes showed that the mean numerical visual criterion of pain in both groups was significantly lower after 6 and 12 sessions of treatment (P<0.001). The results of the analysis of variance showed that the mean swelling in the treatment group and in the control group after 6 and 12 sessions of treatment (P<0.001) was significantly lower than the mean swelling before treatment. Also, the mean swelling after 12 sessions of treatment was significantly lower than after 6 sessions of treatment (P<0.001). Regarding daily life activities and the percentage of athlete satisfaction in performing the activity, the test results showed that the athlete’s scores after 6 and 12 sessions of treatment (P<0.001) were significantly higher than before treatment. Also, their scores after 12 sessions of treatment were significantly higher than 6 sessions (P<0.001). The performance scores in both groups after 6 and 12 sessions of treatment (P<0.001) were significantly higher than performance scores before treatment. Also, the performance scores after 12 sessions of treatment were significantly higher than 6 sessions of treatment (P<0.001). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that tecar therapy in patients with lateral ligament sprain of the ankle joint improves the condition of symptoms after an injury, including swelling, pain, daily life activities, percentage of athlete satisfaction with daily activities, and finally his performance and it can be used as a complementary treatment along with common therapies.
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Comfort, Spencer M., Parker P. Duncan, Grant J. Dornan, C. Thomas Haytmanek, and Thomas O. Clanton. "Outcomes Following Broström Repair with Internalbrace Ligament Augmentation vs Broström Repair Alone for the Treatment of Anterior Talofibular Ligament Injury of the Lateral Ankle." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, no. 4 (October 2022): 2473011421S0063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00634.
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Category: Ankle; Sports Introduction/Purpose: The Broström procedure is indicated for lateral ankle instability in the setting of acute or chronic ankle sprains, with injury of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) being the most common. While the procedure is anatomically favorable, one disadvantage of the Broström procedure is significantly reduced strength of the repair when compared with the native ligament. Broström repair with augmentation of an InternalBrace (Arthrex, Naples, FL), nonabsorbable suture tape fixed directly to the bone, has demonstrated increased strength and stiffness of the repaired ATFL; however, there is a paucity of literature published on clinical outcomes. The purpose of this study is to compare clinical outcomes following treatment of ATFL injuries with Broström repair alone versus Broström repair with InternalBrace augmentation. Methods: Between January 2009 and December 2017, patients 18-75 years old who underwent surgical treatment for an ATFL injury of the lateral ankle injury with either a Broström repair alone (Cohort A) or Broström repair with InternalBrace augmentation (Cohort B) performed by two surgeons (TOC or CTH) and at least 2 years post-operative were identified. Minimum 2-year follow-up was obtained with patients completing subjective questionnaires including Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) with Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Sport subscales, Short Form-12 (SF-12) Mental Component Summary (MCS) and Physical Component Summary (PCS), Tegner activity scale, and patient satisfaction with surgical outcome. Demographics and patient-reported outcomes were compared between groups. Results: In total, 103 patients were included in the study. Cohort A had 54 patients (29 females) with median age of 32 (range: 19 to 68) and 49 of 54 patients (91%) completed follow-up at an median of 2.32 years (range: 2 to 12 years). Cohort B had 49 patients (29 females) with median age of 37 (range: 18 to 66) and 38 of 49 patients (78%) completed follow-up at an median of 3.07 years (range 2 to 7 years). There was no significant difference in age or sex between cohorts (p>0.05 for all). At earliest minimum 2-year follow-up, there was no significant difference in median post-operative FAAM ADL (97% vs 98%, p=0. 979), FAAM Sport (91% vs 91%, p=0.976), SF-12 PCS (56 vs 54, p=0.143), SF-12 MCS (56.6 vs 57.0, p=0.155), Tegner score (6 vs 5, p=0.214), or patient satisfaction (9 vs 9, p=0.781). Conclusion: Patients treated for ATFL injury of the lateral ankle with Broström repair with InternalBrace augmentation demonstrated similar clinical outcomes to those treated with Broström repair alone. With its advantages in strength and stiffness, the InternalBrace should be considered when treating lateral ankle instability in the setting of ligamentous injury since it allowed an earlier return to full weight bearing and a quicker rehabilitation protocol.
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Rodríguez-Rivadulla, Adrián, Miguel Ángel Saavedra-García, and Rafael Arriaza-Loureda. "Skateboarding Injuries in Spain: A Web-Based Survey Approach." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 232596711988490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119884907.
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Background: The inclusion of skateboarding in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games reinforces this activity as a sport. As the number of skateboarders around the world and the difficulty of skateboarding maneuvers continue to increase, the number of skateboarding injuries may also rise. Thus, there is a need for more comprehensive investigations into the practice habits and injuries of skateboarders. Purpose: To describe the sports habits and skateboarding injuries of a sample of skateboarders in Spain. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: A web-based survey was shared among skateboarders in Spain. The survey collected data related to sports habits, skateboarding practice habits, and injury history. Comparisons between subgroups of sex, age, and experience were also conducted. Results: The survey was completed by 197 participants (89.3% male) with a mean age of 24.4 ± 7.1 years and a mean experience of 9.7 ± 7.2 years. Most respondents (87.8%) reported not participating in any type of skateboarding-specific physical training program. Only 27.4% took part in skateboarding competitions, with a larger number of respondents younger than 18 years participating in competitive events. The mean number of sessions per week was 3.3 ± 1.7, and the mean length of sessions was 3.3 ± 1.5 hours. The majority of participants (87.8%) reported having suffered injuries (n = 323) as a result of skateboarding, mainly affecting the lower limbs (69.7%). The most common injury type was a ligament sprain (39.6%), especially of the ankle (39.3%). This injury was also reported as the most likely to recur (70.1%). A large number of injuries (54.2%) were considered severe (ie, >21 days to recover). Most injuries occurred while skateboarding gaps or stairs, including any type of a jump that involved a difference in height between the take-off and landing surfaces (25.7%). Female participants accounted for a larger number of ligament sprains than expected, and experienced skateboarders were more likely to suffer more severe injuries and head/trunk injuries. Conclusion: Respondents to this survey were mainly young male adults who practiced skateboarding recreationally. Respondents of different sexes, ages, and experiences demonstrated different habits and injury patterns. The greater number of severe injuries highlights the need for injury surveillance in skateboarding to inform better prevention and rehabilitation practices.
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Porter, Mark, Bruce Shadbolt, Xuan Ye, and Robert Stuart. "Ankle Lateral Ligament Augmentation Versus the Modified Broström-Gould Procedure: A 5-Year Randomized Controlled Trial." American Journal of Sports Medicine 47, no. 3 (January 30, 2019): 659–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546518820529.
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Background: “Ankle sprain” is a common injury, and >20% of patients may develop chronic instability for which surgery is indicated. The modified Broström-Gould (MBG) procedure remains the gold standard; however, there are a number of relative contraindications to this procedure, and the longer-term outcomes after the MBG have been questioned. An alternative procedure is augmentation of a primary repair with a ligament augmentation reconstruction system (LARS). Purpose: To conduct a randomized controlled trial testing the null-hypothesis that there is no difference in patient scored outcomes and activity levels, between patients undergoing a MBG procedure compared with those undergoing a primary repair with LARS augmentation, for lateral ligament instability of the ankle. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: Patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria were invited to take part in the study. Patients were randomly allocated to undergo the LARS or MBG procedure. Both groups followed similar postoperative rehabilitation. Patients completed the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) before surgery and then at 1, 2, and 5 years after surgery. Tegner activity scores were recorded at 5years. The scores in the 2 groups were compared via statistical analysis ( P < .05). Results: Of the 50 patients satisfying the inclusion criteria, 47 agreed to take part in the study. Twenty-two were randomized to the LARS group and 25 to the MBG group. At 5 years, follow-up data were complete for 20 patients in the LARS group and 21 in the MBG. There were 2 failures in the MBG group and 0 in the LARS group. The LARS group had significantly better improvement in total FAOS at 1 year (mean ± SD, 92.4 ± 2.5 vs 78.2 ± 3.4, P = .005), 2 years (94.0 ± 3.0 vs 78.0 ± 5.2, P = .003), and 5 years (93.7 ± 6.0 vs 75.1 ± 5.5, P = .002) after surgery. The 5-year Tegner activity scores were higher in the LARS group (8.25 ± 1.1 vs 7.2 ± 0.9, P = .03). Conclusion: Among physically active patients with chronic lateral ligament instability, primary repair combined with LARS results in better total FAOS at 5-year follow-up and higher Tegner activity scores as compared with the MBG procedure. Registration: ACTRN12618000906257 (Australia New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry).
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Sperl, Gregor, Johanna Gattner, James Deschner, Michael Wolf, Peter Proff, Agnes Schröder, and Christian Kirschneck. "Effects of Histamine Receptor Antagonist Cetirizine on Orthodontic Tooth Movement." Biomedicines 8, no. 12 (December 8, 2020): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8120583.
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Many patients regularly take histamine receptor antagonists, such as cetirizine, to prevent allergic reactions, but these antiallergic drugs may have inadvertent effects on orthodontic treatment. In previous studies, histamine has been shown to modulate the sterile inflammatory reaction underlying orthodontic tooth movement. Pertinent effects of histamine antagonization via cetirizine during orthodontic treatment, however, have not been adequately investigated. We thus treated male Fischer344 rats either with tap water (control group) or cetirizine by daily oral gavage corresponding to the clinically used human dosage adjusted to the rat metabolism (0.87 mg/kg) or to a previously published high dosage of cetirizine (3 mg/kg). Experimental anterior movement of the first upper left molar was induced by insertion of a nickel-titanium (NiTi) coil spring (0.25 N) between the molar and the upper incisors. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), micro-computed tomography (µCT) images, as well as histological hematoxylin-eosin (HE), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) stainings were used to assess the extent of tooth movement, cranial growth, periodontal bone loss, root resorptions, and osteoclast activity in the periodontal ligament. Both investigated cetirizine dosages had no impact on the weight gain of the animals and, thus, animal welfare. Neither the extent of tooth movement, nor cranial growth, nor root resorption, nor periodontal bone loss were significantly influenced by the cetirizine dosages investigated. We, thus, conclude that histamine receptor antagonist cetirizine can be used during orthodontic treatment to prevent allergic reactions without clinically relevant side effects on orthodontic tooth movement.
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Mahto, Prakash Kumar, Bhupal Gautam, and Sunil Kumar Joshi. "Occupational injuries sustained by caregivers in geriatric care homes of Kathmandu valley." International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 9, no. 1 (August 5, 2019): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v9i1.25160.
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Background: Ageing is an inevitable process. The population of elderly is increasing in Nepal. Caring of elderly at geriatric care homes is becoming popular. Caregivers take care of the elderly in the geriatric care homes. Occupational injuries are very common and no study has been done to document the injuries sustained by caregivers working in geriatric care homes in Nepal. This study has been conducted to determine the prevalence of work related musculoskeletal disorders and the injuries sustained among care givers working in geriatric care homes in Nepal.
Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study design. A convenience sample of 41 caregivers among geriatric care homes in Kathmandu valley aged between 20-45 years were included in the study. The Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire was adapted to measure Musculoskeletal Disorders in the study population. Descriptive analysis of data was done. Type of injury was classified and their consequences observed.
Results: Caregivers (n=41) reported work related musculoskeletal disorders in six areas of the questionnaire: Neck 4 (9.75 %), Shoulder 8(19.5%), Elbow 4(9.75%), Low back 22(53.65%), Knee 5(12.19%) and ankle 3(7.31%). Common types of injuries sustained were muscle strain, ligament sprain, joint pain, hernia etc. In most of the cases, caregivers had to take interventions like taking medications, exercises, rest while some were able to get away with minor symptoms.
Conclusion: The incidence of occupational injuries among caregivers is high. The existing training programs are not enough. A revision of the course work for training of caregivers is necessary
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Fukushima, Yaeko. "Association Between Years of Experience and Ankle Joint Disorder in Male Student Basketball Players Based on Ultrasonography." Ultrasound International Open 03, no. 02 (April 2017): E69—E75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-105069.
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Abstract Purpose The goal of the study was to survey ankle joint disorder in male senior high school and college student basketball players based on the results of an ultrasonographic medical check-up of the ankle joint. Materials and Methods The subjects were 17 senior high school student and 19 college student basketball players. Ultrasonography, evaluation of ATFL injury, and examination of the talocrural joint region were performed. The subjects were grouped based on the presence or absence of old ATFL injury, and subjects with ATFL injury were classified by the injured region: fibular insertion site, parenchyma, and talar insertion site. The talocrural joint region was evaluated based on the areas of the lateral margin, central region, and medial margin, and sites with an irregular bone contour and osteophyte were counted individually. The questionnaire asked about the patients’ history of ankle injuries. Results A questionnaire survey revealed that 70–79% of all subjects had experienced a sprain at least once and 21–29% had frequently sprained the left or right foot 10 or more times in the past. On ultrasonography, there was no significant difference in ligament injury or injured site between the senior high school and college students, but the number of osteochondral findings in the talocrural joint region was significantly higher in the college students. In addition, the number of injured sites significantly increased in those with 10 or more years of playing experience. Conclusion These results suggest that disorder of the talocrural joint region progresses with an increase in years of experience in student basketball players who do not take specific preventive measures against this injury.
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Cafruni, Virginia M., Facundo Bilbao, Facundo Galich, Guillermo Cardone, and Nelly M. Carrasco. "Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome Following Medializing Calcaneal Osteotomy." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, no. 1 (January 2022): 2473011421S0012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00125.
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Category: Hindfoot Introduction/Purpose: The tarsal tunnel syndrome is a compressive neuropathy that affects either the posterior tibial nerve, within the tarsal tunnel, or one of its terminal branches. It can be caused by extrinsic or intrinsic factors. Even though the tarsal tunnel syndrome has been reported as a complication of lateralizing calcaneal osteotomy, we have not identified in the literature reports of this syndrome associated to medializing calcaneal osteotomy. We report the case of a 60-year-old female who developed a tarsal tunnel syndrome, on the third postoperative week, following a medializing calcaneal osteotomy for flatfoot correction with stage IIB posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. Methods: We reviewed and obtained the information from the medical records of this patient: clinical examination, radiographs, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and outcome. Pain was assessed with visual analog scale (VAS). Results: The patient is a 60-year-old female with left stage II posterior tibial tendon dysfunction who failed to respond to conservative treatment. Medializing and lengthening (Evans) osteotomies of the calcaneus were performed, together with posterior tibial tendon repair and spring ligament reconstruction. In the postoperative, after a cast replacement into a more plantigrade position, the patient developed symptoms that suggested a compressive neuropathy of posterior tibial nerve within the tarsal tunnel associated to calcaneal medializing osteotomy. Initial conservative treatment failed and the posterior tibial nerve was explored under loupe magnification and the tarsal tunnel was released. Figure 1. An immediate improvement in pain was observed postoperatively and almost full recovery occurred within 6 months. Conclusion: In our case report, the tarsal tunnel syndrome was a consequence of the osteotomy fragment displacement that generated a reduction of the tarsal tunnel volume. It has been described that the tarsal tunnel syndrome symptoms become more evident with ankle dorsiflexion and eversion, in our patient this can be associated with the symptom exacerbation presented when the cast was placed into plantigrade position. We conclude that even though in the literature the tarsal tunnel syndrome has been mainly associated to lateralizing osteotomies, it is important to take this complication into account when performing a medializing osteotomy.
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Park, So-young, Yeon-soo Kim, Seung-seok Woo, and On Lee. "A survey study on sports injury by age for female athletes in combat sports." Korean Journal of Sport Science 31, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 547–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24985/kjss.2020.31.3.547.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the location, rate, cause, and types of injuries according to the injured area by age and sports in female athletes. Methods The subject of the study was 426 female athletes who were registered as combat sports(Judo, Taekwondo, Fencing) athletes at the Korean Sports & Olympic Committee. We collected the data via online questionnaires, and conducted a frequency analysis using R statistics program. Results As a result, 51.4% of athletes experienced injuries in the past year, and the highest injury rate was shown in Taekwondo-University(0.43) during competition and Taekwondo-Professional(5.55) during training. The cause of injuries during competition was mainly due to 'as a result of me or the opponent's hittings, skills, or fouls' among internal factors, and 'recurrent injuries' among external factors. Among internal factors during training except for torso area and professional athletes, most of the injuries were also caused by ‘as a result of me or the opponent's hittings, skills, or fouls’ and ‘recurrent injuries’ among external factors. The frequency of injury was the highest in the lower extremity area across all age groups. The most frequently injured area, in the case of Judo, is skin-bleeding in the head, skin-bruise, muscle-inflammation, bone-fracture, spondylopathy(disc, stenosis, etc.) in the torso, muscle-inflammation in the upper extremity, ligament-sprain, rupture in the lower extremity. Taekwondo athletes had skin-bruise in the head, upper and lower extremities, and muscle-inflammation in the torso area, as the frequent injury cases, and Fencing athletes had all skin-bruise regardless of injuries. Conclusions The results of this study will be used to take measures for preventing injuries or to change training programs.
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Mayet, Ziyaad, Paulo NF Ferrao, Nikiforos Ρ. Saragas, Richard Paterson, Sebastian KM Magobotha, Alwich Alexander, Hooman Eshragi, et al. "Chronic lateral ankle instability: a current concepts review." SA Orthopaedic Journal 20, no. 2 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-8309/2021/v20n2a7.
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ABSTRACT Injuries to the lateral ankle ligaments are quite common, with a reported incidence of up to 22% of all sports injuries, and 85% of all ankle sprains. Most of these are effectively managed using nonoperative measures in the acute setting. Approximately 20% of patients will, however, develop chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI). Although the anatomy and biomechanics are well documented, more recently, the concepts of the lateral talofibular calcaneal ligament (LTFCL) and microinstability have been described. For those who develop CLAI, a full assessment is mandatory to not only search for correctable risk factors (malalignment), but also to differentiate between functional and mechanical instability. Associated injuries need to be excluded, such as osteochondral lesions of the talus. Rotational ankle instability is a new concept that needs to be considered. Patients who present with CLAI are initially managed conservatively in the form of functional rehabilitation. This management is especially effective in patients with functional instability. Surgery is generally indicated after failed conservative management in patients with objective mechanical instability. The elite athlete is a relative indication to performing surgery early. The choice of surgical procedure is made on an individualised basis, although open anatomical procedures remain the gold standard. Non-anatomical procedures are no longer recommended. Newer minimally invasive and endoscopic techniques show promise in experienced hands but there is only limited evidence to support its use at present. The use of a suture tape as an augment is reserved for specific indications and should not be used routinely. Level of evidence: Level 5 Keywords: chronic lateral ankle instability, ATFL, CFL, functional rehabilitation, Broström, surgical procedures for lateral ankle ligaments
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Kemler, Ellen, Mark R. Krist, Ingrid GL van de Port, Arno W. Hoes, G. Ardine de Wit, and Frank JG Backx. "Economic Evaluation of a Soft Ankle Brace Compared to Tape in Acute Lateral Ankle Ligamentous Sprains." Clinical Research on Foot & Ankle 04, no. 04 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2329-910x.1000212.
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Hector, Kristiaan W., David Restrepo, Cristian Tejedor Bonilla, Louis G. Hector, Nilesh Mankame, and Pablo D. Zavattieri. "Mechanics of Chiral Honeycomb Architectures With Phase Transformations." Journal of Applied Mechanics 86, no. 11 (September 25, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4044024.
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Abstract The mechanics of phase transforming cellular materials (PXCMs) with three different chiral honeycomb architectures, viz., hexachiral, tetra-anti-chiral, and tetra-chiral, are investigated under quasi-static loading/unloading. Each PXCM comprises interconnected unit cells consisting of tape springs rigidly affixed to circular nodes that can rotate and/or translate. The phase change is associated with snap-through instability due to bending of the tape springs and corresponds to sudden changes in the geometry of the unit cells from one stable configuration to another stable (or metastable) configuration during loading/unloading. When compared with similar chiral materials with flat ligaments, the chiral PXCMs exhibit a significantly higher energy dissipation in quasi-static experiments. The hexachiral PXCM was selected for detailed parametric analysis with finite element simulations including 21 models constructed to investigate the effects of PXCM geometry on phase change and energy dissipation. An analytical formalism is developed to predict the minimum compressive load required to induce phase transformation and snap-through. The formalism predictions are compared with those from finite element simulations. An Ashby plot is developed in which the energy dissipated per unit volume versus work conjugate plateau stress of the H-PXCM is compared with other energy absorbing materials.
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Nadein, Konstantin, Alexander Kovalev, and Stanislav N. Gorb. "Jumping mechanism in the marsh beetles (Coleoptera: Scirtidae)." Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (September 22, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-20119-5.
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AbstractThe jumping mechanism with supporting morphology and kinematics is described in the marsh beetle Scirtes hemisphaericus (Coleoptera: Scirtidae). In marsh beetles, the jump is performed by the hind legs by the rapid extension of the hind tibia. The kinematic parameters of the jump are: 139–1536 m s−2 (acceleration), 0.4–1.9 m s−1 (velocity), 2.7–8.4 ms (time to take-off), 0.2–5.4 × 10–6 J (kinetic energy) and 14–156 (g-force). The power output of a jumping leg during the jumping movement is 3.5 × 103 to 9.6 × 103 W kg−1. A resilin-bearing elastic extensor ligament is considered to be the structure that accumulates the elastic strain energy. The functional model of the jumping involving an active latching mechanism is proposed. The latching mechanism is represented by the conical projection of the tibial flexor sclerite inserted into the corresponding socket of the tibial base. Unlocking is triggered by the contraction of flexor muscle pulling the tibial flexor sclerite backwards which in turn comes out of the socket. According to the kinematic parameters, the time of full extension of the hind tibia, and the value of the jumping leg power output, this jumping mechanism is supposed to be latch-mediated spring actuation using the contribution of elastically stored strain energy.