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Journal articles on the topic 'Tanzania'
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1
Minja, Godbless G., Devotha G. Nyambo, and Anael E. Sam. "Database Privacy: Design of User Privacy Preserving Central Bank Digital Currency: A Case of Tanzania." Indian Journal Of Science And Technology 17, no. 14 (April 3, 2024): 1439–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v17i14.3193.
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Objectives: This work aims to contribute towards Tanzanian Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) users’ privacy preservation. It proposes the design of a privacy preserving CBDC which might be issued by Tanzania's Central Bank (CB), the Bank of Tanzania (BoT), which is currently in CBDC research phase. The work also aims to contribute to literature, the CBDC research being done by BoT, other CBs and CBDC stakeholders around the world. Methods: By using the Design Science Research (DSR) methodology, a privacy preserving CBDC design suitable for Tanzania was proposed, demonstrated and evaluated. This is the result of existing literature showing that different countries have different CBDC designs due to their differences in contexts and purposes for CBDC issuance. This consequently emphasized the fact that a CBDC design should not be treated as a one-size fits all solution. Findings: As opposed to the existing general and other country specific CBDC designs, we proposed a privacy preserving CBDC design suitable for Tanzania by consulting literature and taking into consideration the Tanzanian context. The design appears to be promising Tanzanian CBDC users’ privacy preservation though further work needs to be done. The work should not only be on practical evaluation of the proposed design but also on other factors impacting the success of CBDC projects. This will consequently further increase the success probability of CBDC projects, hence the potential for practical realization of CBDC project benefits. Novelty: Existing literature has shown that, considering the countries’ differences in context and CBDC issuance purposes, CBDC design should not be treated as a generic solution thereby obliging the need for country-specific CBDC designs. Consequently, the privacy preserving CBDC design suitable specifically for Tanzania consists of and provides an outline of privacy preserving interactions among the identified key Tanzanian CBDC participants or actors. The actors are the BoT, the intermediaries (i.e., other banks and payment service providers), Tanzania’s National Identification Authority (NIDA), financial transactions violation detection engine, and the expected CBDC users. Keywords: Digital currency, database privacy, central bank digital currency, privacy
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Kostelyanets, Sergey V. "Tanzania: Political Development in the Context of Julius Nyerere's Legacy." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 3 (2022): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080018254-6.
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13 April 2022 marked the 100th anniversary of the birth of the first president of independent Tanzania Julius Kambarage Nyerere, whose political legacy has continued to exert great influence in the country after his death in 1999. The successors of Mwalimu (“teacher”), as Tanzanians called him, to the highest office were guided by his “vision of the future of Tanzania”, on the one hand, and used – not always appropriately – his name when promoting their own agenda, on the other. The paper examines the main vectors of the political development of Tanzania in the context of the succession of subsequent regimes. The authors analyze the main points of the formation of the Tanzanian nation and the reasons for the gradual departure of the country's leaders from the principles of “African socialism” and from the preservation of economic equality, national unity, etc., which were of paramount importance during Mwalimu's rule. Employing the theoretical-analytical and systemic-historical approaches to characterize Tanzanian political regimes, the authors conclude that, firstly, owing to the foundations of nation-building laid down by Mwalimu, Tanzania has for almost six decades maintained political stability, expressed primarily in the exclusively constitutional transfer of power from one political leader to another; secondly, that under the influence of internal and external political and economic processes, the principles of “African socialism” were gradually and peacefully replaced by market relations. Accordingly, in the 2010s-2020s Tanzanians found themselves in an era of “post-Nyererism”, although they retained national unity and pride in being “citizens of Tanzania”.
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Getta, Elizaveta. "Interpreting in Tanzania from the perspective of Tanzanian interpreters." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 67, no. 5 (September 29, 2021): 553–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.00241.get.
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Abstract The study overviews the role of interpreting services in Tanzania, presenting mainly the experience of practicing freelance interpreters. The two official languages of Tanzania – English and Swahili – have separate roles in the country. Although most Tanzanians accept English as a necessary medium of intercultural communication, Swahili is perceived as an important part of Tanzanian national identity. It is the country’s lingua franca. On the one hand, Tanzania aims to preserve communication in Swahili; on the other hand, there is an inevitable need for intercultural communication with the rest of the world that grows especially in the context of globalization. The paper focuses on the role, status, education, working languages, conditions of Tanzanian interpreters, and the requirements of local and international clients. The study also creates a broader context that mentions crucial historical moments that have influenced the country’s current character of intercultural communication.
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MGAYA, Edward Simon. "FROM INVESTORS TO DO-IT-ALL: CHINESE IMMIGRANTS, THEIR ACTIVITIES AND LOCAL PEOPLE’S PERCEPTIONS IN TANZANIA, 1990s TO PRESENT." JOURNAL OF SINO-AFRICAN STUDIES 1, no. 1 (October 31, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.56377/jsas.v1n1.0117.
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Since the 1990s, there has been an unprecedented rise in the number of Chinese immigrants across Africa. In Tanzania, the influx of Chinese people forming social-economic clusters—‘Chinatowns’ is springing. The new individual Chinese quest for achievement, necessitating new waves of migration to Africa, is not yet well researched. This paper examines this new trend as it manifests in the Tanzanian context. It looks at the motivation for Chinese migration to Tanzania, their networks, activities, and the local people’s perceptions of those engagements. Using information gathered from surveys, written and oral sources, the paper establishes that since the 1990s, Chinese migrants have increasingly turned from investors to engage in almost every small business they come across. Because of Tanzania’s generally small local economies, these relatively new entrants to a market have undoubtedly caused mixed perceptions among the locals. While the Sino-African relationship is generally viewed positively by the Tanzanians, the Chinese residing in the country are perceived less positively, as exemplified by perceived hostility and rudeness from the Chinese migrants.
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Andrzej Polus and Wojciech Tycholiz. "Gold, Gas and Lies: Extractive Sector in a Sub-Saharan Functional State. The Case of Natural Resource Sector in Tanzania." Politeja 15, no. 56 (June 18, 2019): 151–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.15.2018.56.09.
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Tanzania is usually presented as the most stable state is East Africa. Nevertheless political stability did not go hand in hand with economic development. The recent gas discoveries raised the issue of Tanzania’s readiness for the development of gas sector that will benefit the entire country instead of the rent orientated political elite. The development of the gas sector (although final decision about LNG terminal construction has not been taken yet) is correlated with President John Pombe Magufuli ( JPM) takeover of power and substantial changes on Tanzanian political scene. The Authors posed a question about the basis for a robust mining sector development in Tanzania under President Magufuli. The article’s first part presents Tanzania within the frameworks of “competitive-authoritarian regime” or “developmental neopatrimonial state”. Then we ask whether the system that catapulted JPM to the top job in the country can be change from the inside? Subsequently, we present dysfunctionalities of the Tanzanian mining sector with the special emphasis on gold mining, as well as challenges ahead of the country’s nascent natural gas sector.
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Vähäkangas, Auli M. "African Communality Contributing to the Dignity of the Terminally Ill: Traditional and Political Ujamaa in the Selian Hospice and Palliative Care Program in Tanzania." Exchange 45, no. 4 (November 22, 2016): 344–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1572543x-12341413.
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Tanzania’s first president Julius Nyerere’s Ujamaa (living together or living as one family) still extends its influence on Tanzanians’ understanding of communality. The era of Ujamaa socialism as a political system is now history, but some of its heritage still seems to influence how people in Tanzania regard family as well as community and how they act within their community. In this article I differentiate between Nyerere’s political Ujamaa and the traditional Tanzanian communality which was the model for Nyerere’s political program. I thus argue, that the Selian palliative care program could be seen as a present-day example of how Ujamaa — both in political and traditional forms — still influences communal life in Tanzania. The results of this study reveal that the Selian Hospice and Palliative Care Program uses dimensions of both traditional and political Ujamaa in order to protect the dignity of the dying patients. This is done subconsciously and eclectically. The term Ujamaa was not explicitly used in the data of this study. The Program seems to stress communality and social responsibility in general while clearly utilizing the values of both traditional and political Ujamaa all through its practices.
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Manu, Alexander, Nabila Zaka, Christina Bianchessi, Edward Maswanya, John Williams, and Shams E. Arifeen. "Respectful maternity care delivered within health facilities in Bangladesh, Ghana and Tanzania: a cross-sectional assessment preceding a quality improvement intervention." BMJ Open 11, no. 1 (January 2021): e039616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039616.
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ObjectiveTo assess respectful maternity care (RMC) in health facilities.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingForty-three (43) facilities across 15 districts in Bangladesh, 16 in Ghana and 12 in Tanzania.ParticipantsFacility managers; 325 providers (nurses/midwives/doctors)—Bangladesh (158), Ghana (86) and Tanzania (81); and 849 recently delivered women—Bangladesh (295), Ghana (381) and Tanzania (173)—were interviewed. Observation of 641 client–provider interactions was conducted—Bangladesh (387), Ghana (134) and Tanzania (120).AssessmentTrained social scientists and clinicians assessed infrastructure, policies, provision and women’s experiences of RMC (emotional support, respectful care and communication).Primary outcomeRMC provided and/or experienced by women.ResultsThree (20%) facilities in Bangladesh, four (25%) in Ghana and three (25%) in Tanzania had no maternity clients’ toilets and one-half had no handwashing facilities. Policies for RMC such as identification of client abuses were available: 81% (Ghana), 73% (Bangladesh) and 50% (Tanzania), but response was poor. Ninety-four (60%) Bangladeshi, 26 (30%) Ghanaian and 20 (25%) Tanzanian providers were not RMC trained. They provided emotional support during labour care to 107 (80%) women in Ghana, 95 (79%) in Tanzania and 188 (48.5%) in Bangladesh, and were often courteous with them—236 (61%) in Bangladesh, 119 (89%) in Ghana and 108 (90%) in Tanzania. Due to structural challenges, 169 (44%) women in Bangladesh, 49 (36%) in Ghana and 77 (64%) in Tanzania had no privacy during labour. Care was refused to 13 (11%) Tanzanian and 2 Bangladeshi women who could not pay illegal charges. Twenty-five (7%) women in Ghana, nine (6%) in Bangladesh and eight (5%) in Tanzania were verbally abused during care. Providers in all countries highly rated their care provision (95%–100%), and 287 (97%) of Bangladeshi women, 368 (97%) Ghanaians and 152 (88%) Tanzanians reported ‘satisfaction’ with the care they received. However, based on their facility experiences, significant (p<0.001) percentages—20% (Ghana) to 57% (Bangladesh)—will not return to the same facilities for future childbirth.ConclusionsFacilities in Bangladesh, Ghana and Tanzania have foundational systems that facilitate RMC. Structural inadequacies and policy gaps pose challenges. Many women were, however, unwilling to return to the same facilities for future deliveries although they (and providers) highly rated these facilities.
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Buchanan, Malcolm S. "‘Drugs, religion and chemistry in Tanzania’: an interactive seminar for chemistry students." Chemistry Education Research and Practice 16, no. 3 (2015): 552–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5rp00009b.
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Most Tanzanian Higher Education Institutes do not have the materials and technology to give students a significant practical experience in the sciences. In 2013 Tanzania was rated 159th out of 187 countries for ‘human development’ (United Nations Development Program 2014 Report). In order to supplement their current, limited practical experience, a culturally relevant, interactive seminar which makes the chemical sciences real to the world of Tanzanians was developed. This was achievedviaa Natural Product Drug Discovery seminar during which Tanzanian students were able to appreciate how Tanzanian culture is connected with the fundamentals and applications of the chemical sciences (in this case natural product drug discovery to combat diseases prevalent in Tanzania). Post-seminar evaluation and, observation of student behaviour and chemistry staff feedback supported the value of this seminar. An interactive seminar such as this provides an innovative method of chemical education, useful to motivate final year students and provide them with new ideas before they go into their communities to teach chemistry.
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Quaye, Randolph. "Is it Cash or Card? National Health Insurance Scheme of Tanzania: A Decade and Half of Progress." Tanzania Journal of Sociology 5 (December 31, 2019): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.56279/tajoso.v5i.20.
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This paper explores the perspectives of Tanzanians since the introduction of the National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) a decade and half ago. It examines the key objectives of the program by evaluating the impact of this program in meeting the health needs of Tanzanians. The study addressed specifc challenges posed by the program and experiences users have with the program. Study was undertaken in eastern Tanzania. Several respondents mentioned the easy access to better health provided by the scheme at a lower cost. Though several decried the poor quality of services and the rather limited options for accessing health care, most were of the view that Tanzania is on the right track in expanding health coverage to its citizens. As we better understand the role of social health insurance in Africa, the Tanzanian experience offers a window on how to expand health coverage to millions of Tanzanians.
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Denoncourt, Janice Ann. "Supporting Sustainable Development Goal 5 Gender Equality and Entrepreneurship in the Tanzanite Mine-to-Market." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (April 1, 2022): 4192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14074192.
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This article analyses how a strategy for Tanzania’s tanzanite gemstone mining sector could foster gender equality in the mine-to-market (M2M) supply chain, whilst enhancing opportunities for female entrepreneurship as part of the country’s sustainable economic development. In the mining industry, the contemporary concept of mapping artisanal and small-scale mining to the UN Sustainable Development Goals is a newer aspect of sustainability. SDG 5 aims to achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls. However, while there have been initiatives to support gemstone mining in Tanzania and East Africa, to date, the role of women in the lucrative tanzanite M2M supply chain has been less visible and a missed opportunity. This is a concern, as in 2019, pre-COVID-19 pandemic, gemstone and precious metals accounted for an incredible 33.2% of Tanzania’s total exports. In contrast, in leading mining countries such as Australia and Canada, the participation of women continues to steadily advance, economically empowering the women involved. This article contributes a critical review of Tanzanian mining regulation and licensing practice in a historical and gender equality context. A qualitative research case study showcases artisanal small-scale (ASM) tanzanite gemstone miner and entrepreneur Pili Hussein, with a view to support the formulation of a Tanzanian regional, female-oriented, M2M tanzanite strategy. The developed world experience of increasing levels of gender participation in mining provides evidence of a reduced gender pay gap and enhanced mine safety practice when women are involved. This research finds that increased investment in supporting women to participate in the tanzanite M2M gemstone supply chain positively impacts SDG 5 in the country. Furthermore, given Tanzania’s economic dependence on mining and the exceptional characteristics of rare, single-source tanzanite (a generational gemstones), we conclude that gender equality and female mine-to-market (M2M) entrepreneurship has an undervalued, yet important, role to play in Tanzania’s future socio-economic development.
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Banshchikova, Anastasia, and Oxana Ivanchenko. "Abolition of the 19th Century Arab Slave Trade in the Current Views of Christian and Muslim Afro-Tanzanians." Anthropos 118, no. 2 (2023): 433–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0257-9774-2023-2-433.
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Memories of the so-called Arab slave trade are quite vivid in Tanzania. Those Tanzanians whose ancestors were enslaved or belonged to communities affected by the slave trade, as well as carriers of the oral history still tell about it. We present the results of recent field studies in Tanzania to reveal these memories of the slave trade and especially of its abolition, their impact on current Afro-Tanzanian approaches to Arabs, and the differences between Christian and Muslim Afro-Tanzanians regarding the trends of their attitudes towards these topics (the Christians often say that the main reasons of slavery abolition were humanitarian ones and stress the contribution of missionaries; the Muslims usually named other and various factors: drop in the slave trade profits, industrial revolution in Europe, British-French rivalry, etc.) as well as their attitudes towards the Arabs. The impact of current political debates on this divergence between Christian and Muslim Afro-Tanzanians is dealt with, too.
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Kajiru, Ines, and Isaack Nyimbi. "The Right to Work and Equality in the Workplace for Persons with Disabilities in Tanzania." Eastern Africa Law Review 47, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 72–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.56279/ealr.v47i2.3.
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This work analyses the current Tanzanian legal framework on the right to work and equality in the workplace for persons with disabilities (PWDs). The paper examines the extent and effectiveness of the provisions in the Disability Act of 2010 and other laws that govern right to employment to determine the compliance of this Act with international human rights standards. Moreover, the challenges experienced by PWDs are explored in as far as their right to work and equality in the workplace in Tanzania are concerned. Secondary data are employed and reviewed. It has been found that, although Tanzania's Persons with Disabilities Act of 2010 demonstrates a concerted commitment to archive what is best for PWDs, there is still inadequate implementation of laws that address the entitlement of people with disabilities in Tanzania. Hence, this work has made several recommendations to ensure adequate implementation of laws and rights for PWDs. Keywords: Right to Work, Equality, Workplace, Persons with Disabilities, Tanzania.
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Aldersey, Heather Michelle, and H. Rutherford Turnbull. "The United Republic of Tanzania’s National Policy on Disability." Journal of Disability Policy Studies 22, no. 3 (November 21, 2011): 160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1044207311397877.
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In the spirit of international cooperation and to advance human rights, many nations have signed and ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UN CRPD). Ratification, however, differs from implementation, as the current analysis of the disability policy of the United Republic of Tanzania reflects. Here, the authors have accepted the Tanzanian Minister for Labour, Youth Development, and Sports’ invitation for local and international communities to rally to ensure that the desired outcomes of the NPD are realized. They examine Tanzania’s National Policy on Disability (NPD) using a policy analysis framework that has identified 18 core concepts of disability policy. They compare and contrast Tanzania’s NPD with this framework and conclude that the core concept of accountability is absent from the NPD. The authors then propose accountability techniques that might assist Tanzania to fulfill its firm and early commitment to the UN CRPD.
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Fouéré, Marie-Aude. "Julius Nyerere, Ujamaa, and Political Morality in Contemporary Tanzania." African Studies Review 57, no. 1 (April 2014): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2014.3.
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Abstract:Since the 2000s, Tanzania has witnessed the return in the public sphere of a reconfigured version of Ujamaa as a set of moral principles embodied in the figure of the first president of Tanzania, Julius Kambarage Nyerere. The persisting traces of Nyerere and Ujamaa are not so evident in actual political practices or economic policies, but rather in collective debates about politics and morality—in short, in contemporary imaginaries of the nation. Contributing to a long-standing discussion of the moral stature of Tanzania’s “father of the nation,” the article explores how and why a shared historical memory of Nyerere is being built or contested to define, mediate, and construct Tanzanian conceptions of morality, belonging, and citizenship in the polis today.
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Mkallyah, Kassomo. "Indigenous Tanzanian Music Traditions in Roman Catholic Church and Changing Social Context." Umma: The Journal of Contemporary Literature and Creative Art 9, no. 1 (2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.56279/ummaj.v9i1.1.
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This article focuses on the use of indigenous Tanzanian music traditions in Roman Christian worship in Dar es Salaam Tanzania. The paper argues that the use of indigenous Tanzanian music tradition in church worship helps to make congregation members feel close to God and identify with their own African culture. The study focused on three churches: Msewe Roman Catholic, Manzese Roman Catholic and Kimara Roman Catholic. Congregation members and music stakeholders were involved to establish their perception of the changing social context of Tanzania’s indigenous music traditions used during church worship. It used in-depth interviews, discussions and participant performer were the methods to explore how music from different Tanzania ethnic groups brought cultural identity and changed social context in church worship. The findings suggested that the use of indigenous traditional music in Christian churches brought cultural identity in terms of melody, tune and rhythm although changes in text, language and the performance area are inevitable.
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Askew, Kelly M. "Sung and Unsung: Musical Reflections on Tanzanian Postsocialisms." Africa 76, no. 1 (February 2006): 15–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2006.0002.
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ABSTRACTOn 14 October 1999, Julius Kambarage Nyerere, the first president of the United Republic of Tanzania, died in a London hospital. In Tanzania, musical bands throughout the country reacted to the news by composing scores of lamentation songs (nyimbo za maombolezo) that mourned his passing and assessed his contributions to the country he helped to create. While elsewhere in the world Nyerere is affiliated with the ‘African socialist’ platform termed Ujamaa that he theorized in his political writings and instituted during his tenure as president, these lamentation songs are notably silent on the topic of socialism. This silence indicates the ambiguity with which Tanzanians today relate to their socialist past. As a necessary prelude to analysis of the nyimbo za maombolezo, this article explores the practices, policies and values promoted in Tanzanian socialisms (mainland and Zanzibar) and in the postsocialist present. Competing rhetorics are revealed in these musical constructions of the ‘Father of the Nation’ and, by extension, the Tanzanian nation itself.
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Hussein, Ramadhan Makame, and Zuhura Mohammed Abdallah. "FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND TAX REVENUE IN TANZANIA: ANALYZE THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL DEPTH ON TAX REVENUE." ASIAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND FINANCE 4, no. 3 (2022): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.47509/ajef.2022.v04i03.04.
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The purpose of this research was to consider the influence of financial development on Tanzania’s tax revenue. To accomplish the intent of this study, the main specific objective was concerned about the effect of financial depth on tax revenue in Tanzania. Design/methodology: This study adopted quantitative approach and time series as research design, this study was conducted in Tanzania. Because of the accessibility of the data for the time of 1996-2020.The annual time series data for the Tanzanian financial development and tax revenue were obtained from secondary sources which include the World Development Indicators (WDI) and Tanzania Revenue Authority (TRA). The method was employed to make the estimation is the Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS). Findings: The financial characteristics were considered to be relevant tax revenue parameters based on the study’s aims. As a consequence, the examination of the estimation findings revealed that financial depth had a beneficial influence on increasing tax revenue in Tanzania. As a result, this paper recommends that the government place a greater emphasis on financial development, as it may be a vital instrument for increasing tax revenue for social welfare, poverty reduction, and macroeconomic stability. The Bank of Tanzania has maintained its monetary policy stance, which aims to increase lending to the private sector to encourage economic activity.
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Sun, Baiqing, and Ramadhan Kauzen. "The Impact of Port Infrastructure and Economic Growth in Tanzania: Adopting a Structural Equation Modeling Approach." SAGE Open 13, no. 1 (January 2023): 215824402211458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440221145894.
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Tanzania port sector performs an essential function in the development of the economy and transportation of goods and services. The raised question is, what is the impact level of a seaport infrastructure on the Tanzania economy? To respond to this question, we assess the impact of seaport infrastructure on promoting economic growth in low-income country, Tanzania. A Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach employed to analyze the rapport of variables, using statistical data from 2005 to 2017. The results demonstrate a direct relationship between seaport infrastructure and economy. In addition, the relationship between seaport infrastructure and international trade were determined. The results also, shows a significant relation between international trade and economic growth. It is recommended in this study that, seaport infrastructure need to be improved alongside with the international trade so as to maximize its potential in promoting the growth of Tanzania’s economy, because transporting of goods through maritime is cheaper compared to other mode of transportation. Likewise the existing transportation and port policies should be maintained and implemented for improving transport infrastructure for promoting the growth of Tanzanian economy.
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Bjerk, Paul K. "Sovereignty and Socialism in Tanzania: The Historiography of an African State." History in Africa 37 (2010): 275–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2010.0033.
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Observers of the Tanzanian political scene would point out that the country makes its own decisions on matters of internal and international importance. The policy ofUjamaa Vijijini[African socialism in the villages], it would be argued, was formulated here and not at the dictate of any foreign power.In an edited volume entitledThe State in Tanzania, published in 1980 just before the precipitous denouement of President Julius Nyerere's philosophy of African socialism known asUjamaa, Haroub Othman began with the question of the sub-title, “Who Controls it and Whose Interest Does it Serve?” The cover featured a large black question mark on a red background. Provocatively Othman asked, “can one say in a specific and definite sense that Tanzania is building socialism?” Exhibiting a remarkable level of open criticism of the government in a one-party state, the essays framed their issues in the Marxist terms that were long predominant in literature on the Tanzanian state. The book dealt with an ongoing concern that Tanzania's ambitious goals for democracy and development were not being met and the overarching nationalist question of which sovereign defined those goals. It was a question that continues to vex political scientists of Africa today who seek to reconcile Westphalian concepts of sovereignty with the layered realities of African polities struggling to exert sovereign authority both internally and externally.Reviewing a representative sample of nearly fifty years of scholarship on the postcolonial Tanzanian state, one is struck by the tension enervating Othman's essays. Scholars are torn between the impulse to understand the theoretical implications of Tanzania's experience for socialism and a more pragmatic concern to evaluate the country's claim to sovereign authority.
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Kinyondo, Godbertha, and Yuda Julius Chatama. "Impact of China’s cooperation: the case of Chinese garages in Tanzania." Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies 8, no. 1 (February 2, 2015): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcefts-01-2015-0003.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to investigate China ' s motive for its relations with Africa. Within that broad framework, the paper investigates China–Tanzania cooperation from an economic and social development perspective. It analyses the status of Chinese investments and, more specifically, it focuses on the increasing numbers of Chinese garages and assesses whether they have positive spill-over towards achievement of sustainable development. Design/methodology/approach – Case study was used; it involves an up-close, in-depth and detailed examination of the growth of Chinese garages in Tanzania, as well as its related contextual conditions including the overall impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the vehicle repair sector in Tanzania. Scholarly works from various sources including researchers as well as authoritative reports were consulted. Findings – The paper shows that there is an increase in Chinese garage investment which has brought significant benefits such as technology spill-over, increased employment albeit at low-level pay as well as functioning as a stimulus for Tanzanian self-employment. Practical implications – A free market environment which attracts significant FDI including Chinese garages should be strengthened. Chinese garages should not employ Chinese when there are Tanzanians with required expertise. Further research on the long history of relations between Tanzania and Scandinavian countries is better for comparison. Originality/value – The paper presents original findings based on scholarly work related to the growth of Chinese garage investments in Tanzania.
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Seeteram, Nadia A., Pendo T. Hyera, Lulu T. Kaaya, Makarius C. S. Lalika, and Elizabeth P. Anderson. "Conserving Rivers and Their Biodiversity in Tanzania." Water 11, no. 12 (December 11, 2019): 2612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11122612.
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The United Republic of Tanzania (Tanzania) is rich in freshwater resources and biodiversity. In this article, we highlight the importance of Tanzanian rivers and make a case for the conservation of the freshwater and terrestrial species that rely on these rivers. We provide an overview of current knowledge on Tanzanian rivers and discuss progress towards implementation of the National Water Policy (2002) and Water Management Act (2009), two legislative instruments that have motivated environmental flow assessments on at least six major rivers and offer legal backing for river conservation. We examine major challenges that pose significant threats to water security for river ecosystems and humans in Tanzania, among those: (1) human population growth, (2) agricultural expansion, (3) river flow alterations, (4) industrialization, (5) introduced species, and (6) climate change. We conclude by offering recommendations for future river conservation efforts in Tanzania.
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Isaac, Maxim Conrad, Neil D. Burgess, Oliver J. S. Tallowin, Alyson T. Pavitt, Reuben M. J. Kadigi, and Claire Ract. "Status and trends in the international wildlife trade in Chameleons with a focus on Tanzania." PLOS ONE 19, no. 5 (May 16, 2024): e0300371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0300371.
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Chameleons (family Chamaeleonidae) are a distinctive group of reptiles, mainly found in Africa, which have high local endemism and face significant threats from the international wildlife trade. We review the scale and structure of international chameleon trade, with a focus on collection in and exports from Tanzania; a hotspot of chameleon diversity. Analysis used data from the CITES Trade Database 2000–2019, combined with assessment of online trade, and on-the-ground surveys in Tanzania in 2019. Between 2000 and 2019, 1,128,776 live chameleons from 108 species were reported as exported globally, with 193,093 of these (from 32 species) exported by Tanzania. Both global and Tanzanian chameleon exports declined across the study period, driven by decreased trade in generalist genera. Whilst the proportion of captive-bred individuals increased across time for the generalist taxa, the majority of range-restricted taxa in trade remained largely wild-sourced. For Tanzanian exports, 41% of chameleons were from one of the 23 endemic species, and 10 of the 12 Tanzanian endemic species in trade are categorised as threatened with extinction by IUCN. In terms of online trade, of the 42 Tanzanian species assessed, there was evidence of online sale for 83.3% species, and 69% were actively for sale with prices listed. Prices were on average highest for Trioceros species, followed by Kinyongia, Rieppeleon, Rhampholeon, and Chameleo. Field work in Tanzania provided evidence that the historic harvest of endemic chameleon species has been higher than the quantities of these species reported as exported by Tanzania in their annual trade reports to CITES. However, we found no field evidence for trade in 2020 and 2021, in line with Tanzanian regulations that applied a blanket ban on all exports of live wild animals. Literature evidence, however, suggests that illegal trade continued to Europe from seizures of Tanzanian chameleon species in Austria in 2021.
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Smith, Charles David. "The Geopolitics of Rwandan Resettlement: Uganda and Tanzania." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 23, no. 2 (1995): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700502042.
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By October 1994 the population of refugees from Rwanda and Burundi registered with the UN High Commission of Refugees in Tanzania was about 570,000. (Personal communication: Yukiko Hameda, UNHCR-Nairobi.) And from the point of view of the international and Tanzanian authorities responsible for refugees, the crisis continues to grow. On December 23, 1994, Patrick Chokala, Press Secretary to the Tanzanian President, claimed that 300-400 refugees enter Tanzania every day; the total number then was 591,000. (Daily News, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 24 December 1994.)The human tragedy, the genocide which began after President Habyarimana’s plane was shot down on April 6, 1994 and which in the space of a few short months left one-half million people dead and precipitated the flight of two and one-half million people to refugee camps in Zaire and Tanzania, cannot be undone, although expeditious and fair judicial procedures are a necessary step to a secure future.
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Paul, Edwin, Abdalla H. Mtumwa, Julius Edward Ntwenya, and Said A. H. Vuai. "Disparities in Risk Factors Associated with Obesity between Zanzibar and Tanzania Mainland among Women of Reproductive Age Based on the 2010 TDHS." Journal of Obesity 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1420673.
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The occurrence of overweight and obesity has serious health implications. The 2010 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey data set was reanalysed to compare the prevalences of overweight and obesity between Mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar and to determine how demographic factors can predict overweight and obesity across the United Republic of Tanzania. About 7.92% of the Tanzanian women of reproductive age were obese, 15% were overweight, and 11.5% were underweight. Women from Mainland Tanzania (6.56%) were significantly less likely (AOR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.53–0.82) to be affected by obesity as compared to women from Zanzibar (12.19%). The common predictors of obesity in Mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar were wealth index, marital status, and age. Whereas the place of residence and education level emerged as predictors of obesity in the Mainland Tanzania alone, the number of meals per day did so in Zanzibar. Most importantly, Zanzibar had a greater prevalence of obesity compared to Mainland Tanzania.
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Borhara, Krishna, Binod Pokharel, Brennan Bean, Liping Deng, and S. Y. Simon Wang. "On Tanzania’s Precipitation Climatology, Variability, and Future Projection." Climate 8, no. 2 (February 20, 2020): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli8020034.
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We investigate historical and projected precipitation in Tanzania using observational and climate model data. Precipitation in Tanzania is highly variable in both space and time due to topographical variations, coastal influences, and the presence of lakes. Annual and seasonal precipitation trend analyses from 1961 to 2016 show maximum rainfall decline in Tanzania during the long rainy season in the fall (March–May), and an increasing precipitation trend in northwestern Tanzania during the short rainy season in the spring (September–November). Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis applied to Tanzania’s precipitation patterns shows a stronger correlation with warmer temperatures in the western Indian Ocean than with the eastern-central Pacific Ocean. Years with decreasing precipitation in Tanzania appear to correspond with increasing sea surface temperatures (SST) in the Indian Ocean, suggesting that the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) may have a greater effect on rainfall variability in Tanzania than the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) does. Overall, the climate model ensemble projects increasing precipitation trend in Tanzania that is opposite with the historical decrease in precipitation. This observed drying trend also contradicts a slightly increasing precipitation trend from climate models for the same historical time period, reflecting challenges faced by modern climate models in representing Tanzania’s precipitation.
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Mturi, Akim J., and P. R. Andrew Hinde. "Fertility decline in Tanzania." Journal of Biosocial Science 26, no. 4 (October 1994): 529–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000021659.
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SummaryAccording to the 1991/92 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey, a Tanzanian woman has, on average, 6·1 births before she reaches age 50, a decline of about one birth per woman since the early 1980s. The major proximate determinant of fertility is universal and prolonged breastfeeding. An analysis of the social and demographic correlates of fertility shows that infant and child mortality, level of education and age at first marriage are among the factors which significantly influence fertility in Tanzania.
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Bulendu, Dotto Emmanuel. "Shifting Roles of Media in Tanzania: From Development Communication to Watchdog Journalism." Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences 22, no. 3 (March 26, 2024): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/arjass/2024/v22i3523.
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This study examines the implementation and challenges associated with development communication in mainland Tanzania, focusing on news articles and programs from eight media organizations. Surveys, interviews, and focus group discussions were conducted to gather perspectives from journalists, editors, and news consumers. Prior to 1992, Tanzania's media landscape was oriented towards promoting the national development agenda. However, policy changes influenced by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund's Structural Adjustment Program shifted the media's focus towards watchdog journalism, aimed at monitoring government performance. This shift impacted both private and state-owned media entities. Presently, the media landscape in mainland Tanzania is rapidly evolving into a profitable industry, serving as a tool for accountability, government communication, and revenue generation. It's crucial for Tanzanian consumers to actively engage with the diverse media options available, rather than passively consuming information primarily designed to attract advertisers.
The transformation of Tanzania's media landscape from development-oriented to watchdog journalism has significant implications for both media organizations and consumers. While this shift promotes accountability and transparency, it also raises concerns about the role of media in advancing development goals. The findings indicate a need for media organizations to balance their roles as watchdogs and promoters of development. This requires a reevaluation of editorial priorities and a commitment to providing accurate and balanced information to the public. Furthermore, there is a pressing need to enhance media literacy among Tanzanian consumers to empower them to critically evaluate and navigate the diverse media landscape. This includes providing education on media literacy in schools and communities and promoting digital literacy skills to enable access to online information.
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Mjema, Emmanuel A. "Analysis of Factors Affecting Technological Innovativeness in Engineering Enterprises in Tanzania." Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 34, no. 1 (December 30, 2010): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v34i1.454.
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This paper discusses the technological innovativeness in engineering enterprises in Tanzania and analyses the factors affecting the innovativeness. It starts by analyzing various concepts regarding innovation, then analyzed from documentary review factors affecting innovativeness and then analyzed the innovativeness in Tanzanian enterprises.From the documentary review it was learnt that the following key factors influence technological innovativeness: Existence of innovation management; Existence of market to absorb the products of innovation; Existence of partnership between the universities and the firms; Existence of positive culture and politics towards innovation; The governmentplaying its role to influence innovation; Existence of the right knowledge; and Ability of the enterprises to access to financing institutions that support innovation.The research shows that there is hardly any fundamental innovation in Tanzania, what is presented as innovation is the copying of technologies and manufacture them using local material. Theresearcher established the following factors affecting the innovativeness of engineering enterprises in Tanzania: Level of education among the entrepreneurs in engineering enterprises; financing for the enterprises in Tanzania; partnership with R&D institutions; innovativeness culture; and market for Tanzanian products.
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Blackman, Benjamin, Sarah Barnett, Ajay Premkumar, and Neil P. Sheth. "Orthopaedic and trauma research in Tanzania: A scoping review." PLOS ONE 19, no. 6 (June 5, 2024): e0304218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0304218.
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Tanzania is disproportionately burdened by musculoskeletal injuries as it faces unique challenges when dealing with trauma care. This scoping review aims to summarize and assess the current state of orthopaedic and trauma research in Tanzania. By identifying key themes, trends, and gaps in the literature, this review seeks to guide future research initiatives catered specifically to the needs of Tanzania’s healthcare system. Utilizing the PRISMA-ScR protocol, OVID Medline, PubMed, and CINAHL databases were searched from inception to June 17, 2023, using keywords such as “Orthopaedics” “Trauma” and “Tanzania”. One hundred and ninety-two eligible studies were included and the Arksey and O’Malley framework for scoping studies was followed. There was a notable growth of relevant publications from 2015 onward, with peaks in growth in the years 2019, 2021, and 2020. The studies employed diverse research methodologies, with cross-sectional (n = 41, 21%) and prospective studies (n = 39, 20%) being the most prevalent, and randomized-controlled trials being the least prevalent methodology, making up eight studies (4.2%). The most common study themes were trauma (n = 101, 52.6%), lower extremity (n = 31, 16%), and spine-related issues (n = 27, 14%). Only three studies looked at work-related injuries (1.6%). Road traffic injuries (RTIs) were the most common mechanism of trauma in 77.0% of the trauma focused studies. Fifty-three percent of the studies were conducted by a majority of Tanzanian authors. This scoping review highlights various trends in orthopaedic and trauma research in Tanzania, with a particular emphasis on road traffic-related injuries. Various gaps are explored, including a lack of research on work-related injuries and a paucity of experimental research. Our findings underline areas where future research is warranted. The future of orthopaedic and trauma care in Tanzania depends on the efforts and collaboration of both local and international stakeholders.
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Mwakibete, Edwin. "Tanzanian Popular Songs Disapprove Modern Harmful Masculinities: Analysing Mwana FA’s Dume Suruali." Tanzania Journal of Sociology 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 154–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.56279/tajoso.v8i1.81.
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Worldwide, harmful masculinities have been liable for men’s depression and other health issues, violence, or even deaths. This study explored what masculinities are accountable for in Tanzania. Some popular Tanzanian songs that provide discourses about modern harmful masculinities have been studied. The findings show that in Tanzania, the masculinities have mainly been accountable for gender problems and moral degradation mainly through social beliefs and popular songs. Also, while various popular Tanzanian songs have been promoting the masculinities, some including the song “Dume Suruali” by Mwana FA, address them critically and by observing Tanzanian cultural morals. The study uses R. W. Connell's gender order theory to analyze the songs.
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Mwakibete, Edwin. "Tanzanian Popular Songs Disapprove Modern Harmful Masculinities: Analysing Mwana FA’s Dume Suruali." Tanzania Journal of Sociology 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 154–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.56279/tjs.v8i1.81.
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Worldwide, harmful masculinities have been liable for men’s depression and other health issues, violence, or even deaths. This study explored what masculinities are accountable for in Tanzania. Some popular Tanzanian songs that provide discourses about modern harmful masculinities have been studied. The findings show that in Tanzania, the masculinities have mainly been accountable for gender problems and moral degradation mainly through social beliefs and popular songs. Also, while various popular Tanzanian songs have been promoting the masculinities, some including the song “Dume Suruali” by Mwana FA, address them critically and by observing Tanzanian cultural morals. The study uses R. W. Connell's gender order theory to analyze the songs.
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Grosz-Ngaté, Maria, Saskia Pallais, and Jonathan Walz. "Study Abroad in Tanzania." African Issues 28, no. 1-2 (2000): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1548450500007009.
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The University of Florida (UF) Center for African Studies and International Center jointly sponsor an academic-year program at the University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM) in Tanzania. Begun in 1989, the program offers students from across the United States the opportunity to pursue their studies in a range of fields alongside Tanzanian students. Students pay UDSM tuition and a program development fee. In accordance with the agreement between UDSM and UF, tuition is deposited in an account at the University of Florida to be used for UDSM faculty development: Each year several junior faculty members nominated by their departments spend three months at UF working in consultation with local faculty and using UF library and computer facilities. In my capacity as assistant director of the Center for African Studies, I have had the pleasure of working with both the visiting Tanzanian faculty and the U.S. students going to Tanzania.
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Sylister, Magdalena. "Availability of financial support for the young generation in commercial farming: legal incentives." KAS African Law Study Library - Librairie Africaine d’Etudes Juridiques 8, no. 3 (2021): 372–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2363-6262-2021-3-372.
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This paper critically examines the access to financial resources by the Tanzanian young men and women for commercial farming purposes. The main aim of this endeavour is to recommend the type of effective legal incentives that are needed in order to boost access to those resources by that said population group. The thesis of this work is that effective youth-centred legal incentives will simplify availability of financial support to the young generation hence increasing the number of young people engaging in commercial farming in Tanzania. The paper begins with highlighting the context of young people’s engagement in commercial farming in Tanzania, followed by the Tanzania’s vision on agriculture. Thereafter, the paper looks at an overview of the efforts made to attract the young generation into agribusiness. That part is followed by an examination of factors that prevent young people from fully engaging in commercial farming, with an emphasis on the question of availability of financial support. At that point, the paper expounds how lack of funds is a major obstacle that stands between the Tanzanian young generation and their dream of economic sustainability through commercial agriculture. Finally, the paper discusses the types of legal incentives that are needed so as to make financial support for agribusiness easily accessible to the young generation.
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Gamassa, Pascal Kany Prud'ome. "Legal Protection of the Marine Environment from Vessel-Source Oil Pollution: Progress and Challenges in Tanzania." Journal of African Law 66, no. 1 (October 21, 2021): 123–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185532100036x.
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AbstractThe United Republic of Tanzania, also called Tanzania, is a country composed of Mainland Tanzania and the islands of Zanzibar. Tanzania's domestic laws promote sustainable development of the marine environment; however, since the beginning of the 21st century, the country has been importing large quantities of oil, resulting in an increased risk of vessel-source oil pollution damage. Through a comparative analysis, this article examines the laws addressing this issue in Mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar, the progress that has been made in the legal environment and the challenges that remain, and it discusses possible solutions and improvements. The article reveals that weak implementation of domestic laws for marine environment conservation, a lack of harmonization between domestic laws regarding this issue, and weak domestication of relevant ratified international conventions are among the challenges currently hindering the sustainability of Tanzania's marine environment.
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Carr, M. K. V., William Stephens, and T. C. E. Congdon. "Tea in Tanzania." Outlook on Agriculture 17, no. 1 (March 1988): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072708801700104.
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Tea has been grown in Tanzania for more than 60 years. After a period of relative stagnation, it is now set to make a positive contribution to the national income, both in the public and private sectors. This article reviews the past, present and likely future contributions of tea to the Tanzanian economy.
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Dawson, J. B. "Neogene–Recent rifting and volcanism in northern Tanzania: relevance for comparisons between the Gardar province and the East African Rift valley." Mineralogical Magazine 61, no. 407 (August 1997): 543–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1997.061.407.06.
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AbstractThe tectonic position of the intraplate, alkaline volcanic province of N. Tanzania in a broad rift-controlled area astride the boundary between the Tanzania Craton and the circum-cratonic Mozambique Fold Belt, strongly resembles that of the Gardar province of S. Greenland. Earlier-identified petrological analogies between Gardar magmatism and that in the Kenya sector of the East African Rift Valley can be extended to volcanism in N. Tanzania, and analogies specifically with the Gardar agpaitic suite are strengthened by the occurrence of eudialyte and aenigmatite in some Tanzanian peralkaline, silicic volcanics.
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Smide, Bibbi, Leif Ekman, and Karin Wikblad. "Diabetes Self-Care and Educational Needs in Tanzanian and Swedish Diabetic Patients: A Cross-Cultural Study." Tropical Doctor 32, no. 4 (October 2002): 212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947550203200410.
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The aim was to compare self-care and perceived educational needs in adult Tanzanian and Swedish diabetic patients. One hundred and fifty Tanzanians were matched with Swedes ( n=150). All 300 patients filled in questionnaires about their self-care and educational needs. The comparison indicated the Tanzanians were almost as satisfied with their self-care as the Swedes, but Tanzanians were dissatisfied with the lack of drugs and wanted more diabetes education while the Swedes were more dissatisfied with their own self-care behaviour. None of the Tanzanians monitored their own blood glucose, whereas half the patients in the Swedish group did so weekly or monthly. The findings suggest that diabetes education in Tanzania should concentrate more on basic diabetes knowledge. In Sweden, however, the main points to be stressed should be life style and psychology.
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Banshchikova, Anastasia. "Julius Nyerere, Comprehension of Slavery, and Nation Building: Some Notes on Popular Consciousness in Modern Tanzania." Uchenie zapiski Instituta Afriki RAN 65, no. 4 (December 10, 2023): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31132/2412-5717-2023-65-4-122-130.
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This article examines the image of Julius Nyerere, the first president of independent Tanzania, among present-day citizens. Spotting of both the presence and persistence of his image in popular consciousness became an unexpected result of unrelated field research on the historical memory of 19th century slave trade and its influence on interethnic relations in the country. The study did not include any questions about Julius Nyerere, colonialism, or Tanzania’s independence. However, many respondents on their own will start talking about Nyerere’s role in connection with the abolition of the slave trade (sic), about his contribution to building a peaceful nation without ethnic tensions, the spread of the Swahili language, and education. The variety of answers shows that almost any positive shift in the development of Tanganyika and Tanzania can be attributed to him in popular consciousness. This demonstrates the continuing importance of Nyerere’s image and legacy for ordinary Tanzanians.
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Nyanto, Salvatory Stephen. "Decolonizing Curriculum: Slavery, Empire, and History Teaching in Tanzania, 1961—2022." ISTORIYA 13, no. 12-2 (122) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024111-1.
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In this paper the author examines the teaching of the history of slavery and empire in schools and universities in Tanzania. The study centers on the history curriculum and university's history course syllabi to show the themes of slavery and empire have been taught in Tanzania over the past five decades of the development of historical knowledge in Tanzania. The author attempts to show that the dominance of nationalist and materialist traditions that have defined the study of the Tanzanian past has pushed slavery to the periphery of Tanzanian history. Consequently, slavery as a topic and an analytical teaching category remained in the margins of history, being studied simply as part of the mode of production. Ultimately, the paper intends to show that the limited focus on teaching slavery and empire in Tanzanian schools and universities ought to be understood in terms of the national imperatives as well as the nature and character of history curriculum and syllabi that have paid relatively less attention to the topics.
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Miguel, Edward. "Tribe or Nation? Nation Building and Public Goods in Kenya versus Tanzania." World Politics 56, no. 3 (April 2004): 327–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887100004330.
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This article examines how government policies affect ethnic relations by comparing outcomes across two nearby districts, one in Kenya and one in Tanzania, using colonial-era boundary placement as a “natural experiment.” Despite similar geography and historical legacies, governments in Kenya and Tanzania have followed radically different language, education, and local institutional policies, with Tanzania consistently pursuing more serious nation building. The evidence suggests that nation building has allowed diverse communities in rural Tanzania to achieve considerably better local public goods outcomes than diverse communities in Kenya. To illustrate, while Kenyan communities at mean levels of diversity have 25 percent less local school funding than homogeneous communities on average, the comparable figure in the Tanzanian district is near zero. The Kenya-Tanzania comparison provides empirical evidence that serious reforms can ameliorate social divisions and suggests that nation-building should take a place on policy agendas, especially in Africa.
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Wakota, John. "Tanzanian Anglophone Fiction: A Survey." Utafiti 12, no. 1-2 (March 18, 2017): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26836408-0120102004.
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Tanzanian Anglophone fiction is extant and bustling. The invisibility of Tanzanian fiction in English is not due to the country’s inability to produce good- quality Anglophone novels but is related to the challenge in accessing the texts both within and outside Tanzania. Studies about East African fiction tend to ignore the contribution of Tanzanian Anglophone writers in the region. In Tanzania people know more about other canonical African novelists than their very own Anglophone writers. This article explores the emergence and development of Tanzanian Anglophone fiction, paying particular attention to the emergence of Tanzanian Anglophone literary canons and how these canons have inspired and continue to inspire the production of Tanzanian fiction. Starting with the novels produced by the inaugural Tanzanian Anglophone writers in the sixties, and continuing with the most recent works, the paper examines the interface between Swahili and English, translation and self-translation, diasporic writers, universities’ and researchers’ contributions to the definition of the canon and to the visibility of the fiction in general.
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Mganyizi, Diogeness D. "Assessment of Independence of Regulatory Structures Governing Data Protection and Privacy in East Africa: A Case Study of Kenya and Tanzania." International Journal of Law and Politics Studies 5, no. 6 (November 4, 2023): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijlps.2023.5.6.2.
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In an era of widespread digital information exchange, protecting personal data and privacy has become crucial. East African countries such as Kenya and Tanzania have implemented regulatory structures to address these concerns. However, the effectiveness and independence of these structures raise questions, necessitating a comprehensive assessment. Therefore, this study investigates the question of the independence of data protection authorities in East Africa with a particular focus on Kenya and Tanzania. This study was guided by three questions, namely, do the structures of data protection authorities in Kenya and Tanzania affect their independence? Are the data protection authorities in Kenya and Tanzania sufficiently funded to run their duties? And are the tenures of Commissioners of data protection authorities in Kenya and Tanzania secured? The study engaged two approaches: doctrinal legal research methodology, which analyses law in the form of legislation, case law, and international instruments, as well as comparative legal research methodology, which involves comparative analysis of identified criteria from Kenya and Tanzania. It was observed that the Kenyan data protection authority is more independent than the Tanzanian data protection authority.
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Mbegu Malipula, Mrisho, and Norah Hashim Msuya. "Human rights-based approach to development in Tanzania: a myth or realisable prospect?" African Journal of Social Issues 7, no. 1 (March 23, 2024): 133–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajosi.v7i1.9.
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This article through a documentary review delves into the practical aspects impeding the realisation of a human rights-based approach to development in Tanzania and the prospects of realising the same. The article contends that Tanzania fails to convincingly implement a human rights-based approach to development due to the unenforceability of the provisions of the fundamental objectives and directive principles of state policy, limitations of the international human rights framework, the underperformance of its legal machinery, lack of awareness of human rights among development institutions, workers, and citizens, as well as a limited and incompetent international human rights framework to guarantee the realisation of a human rights-based approach to development. Against this backdrop, it is recommended that the Tanzanian state align its legislations with both the letter and spirit of human rights regimes, bolstering the capacity of the judiciary to discharge its adjudication function effectively and fostering awareness of human rights among development practitioners and citizens. We posit that ongoing legal system reforms, the expansion of legal studies opportunities, and the active participation of civil society in Tanzania hold the promise of advancing a human rights-based approach to development. Yet, we underscore the pivotal role of a resolute political will in ensuring the success of these endeavours and their effect on Tanzania's aspiration to achieve a developmental paradigm firmly rooted in human rights principles.
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Wamboye, Evelyn F. "China’s Finance in Tanzania." Journal of African Development 24, no. 2 (December 1, 2023): 253–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.24.2.0253.
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ABSTRACT This article provides a detailed analysis of official finances from China to Tanzania with special attention to the question of Tanzania’s foreign finances policy. The findings reveal that Tanzania like much of sub-Saharan Africa, has an infrastructure gap and Chinese finances are largely used to fund infrastructure projects. However, majority of the funds are loans. In addition, Chinese firms are the ones implementing the projects, and much of the raw material and labor is imported from China. All these calls for Tanzania to institute a coherent foreign finances policy that ensures the country fully benefits from these finances.
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Mniwasa, Eugene E. "Money laundering control in Tanzania." Journal of Money Laundering Control 22, no. 4 (October 7, 2019): 796–835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-10-2018-0064.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine how banks in Tanzania have been vulnerable to money laundering activities and how the banking institutions have been implicated in enabling or aiding the commission of money laundering offences, and highlights the banks’ failure or inability to prevent, detect and thwart money laundering committed through their financial systems. Design/methodology/approach The paper explores Tanzania’s anti-money laundering law and analyzes non-law factors that make the banks exposed to money laundering activities. It looks at law-related, political and economic circumstances that impinge on the banks’ efficacy to tackle money laundering offences committed through their systems. The data are sourced from policy documents, statutes, case law and literature from Tanzania and other jurisdictions. Findings Both law-related and non-law factors create an enabling environment for the commission of money laundering offences, and this exposes banks in Tanzania to money laundering activities. Some banks have been implicated in enabling or aiding money laundering offences. These banks have abdicated their obligations to fight against money laundering. This is attributed to the fact that the banks’ internal anti-money laundering policies, regulations and procedures are inefficient, and Tanzania’s legal framework is generally ineffective to tackle money laundering offences. Originality/value This paper uncovers a multi-faceted nature of money laundering affecting banks in Tanzania. It is recommended that Tanzania’s anti-money laundering policy should address law-related, political, economic and other factors that create an enabling environment for the commission of money laundering offences. Tanzania’s anti-money laundering law should be reformed to enhance its efficacy and, lastly, banks should reinforce their internal anti-money laundering policies and regulations and policies.
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Mapana, Kedmon E. "Ngoma in Tanzania and Goma in Gujarat: Do You Know That This Ritual Practice Connects Tanzania and India?" African Review 49, no. 1 (September 3, 2021): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1821889x-12340061.
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Abstract This paper exposes a ritual practice that can create a potential cultural collaboration between Tanzania and India. In support of enculturation theory, the author argues that if Tanzanian and Indian governments promote ngoma musical arts in Tanzania and goma musical arts in Gujarat, India, cultural collaboration in music could be enhanced between the two countries. This paper briefly presents pertinent historical and cultural background of the two countries, and discusses empirical research that provides evidence of the close linkage between ngoma musical arts in Tanzania and goma musical arts in Gujarat, India. This paper is intended as foundational not only for artistic and intellectual exchange and collaboration between two regions, but also as a means of considering ways to foster social and economic development between artists and scholars of Tanzania and India.
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Burgess, Neil D., Alex Dickinson, and Nicholas H. Payne. "Tanzanian coastal forests – new information on status and biological importance." Oryx 27, no. 3 (July 1993): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300027976.
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This paper presents the current results of a continuing survey of the distribution, status and biological importance of Tanzanian coastal forests. The Frontier-Tanzania Coastal Forest Research Programme has shown that at least 34 locations, and possibly another eight, support important coastal forests. There are probably 350–500 sq km of forest remaining, with most sites smaller than 20 sq km. Most sites, and 75–85 per cent of the total area, are located in Forest Reserves. Coastal forest supports many endemic taxa and many individual forests support species and subspecies known from nowhere else. All these forests are severely threatened and effective conservation action is a priority. The Frontier-Tanzania project findings are contributing to conservation programmes co-ordinated by the Wildlife Conservation Society of Tanzania and the World Wide Fund for Nature (Tanzania).
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Fleisher, Michael L. "Kuria Cattle Raiding: Capitalist Transformation, Commoditization, and Crime Formation Among an East African Agro-Pastoral People." Comparative Studies in Society and History 42, no. 4 (October 2000): 745–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500003303.
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Among the agro-pastoral Kuria people, whose population straddles the border between Tanzania and Kenya, many young men are actively engaged in an illicit livestock trade in which cattle stolen in Tanzania—from other Kuria, as well as from neighboring peoples such as the Luo, Ngoreme, and Maasai—are sold to buyers, mainly butchers, inside Tanzania or else are run across the border for cash sale in neighboring Kenya. Kenya is a more affluent country than Tanzania—consequently, the demand for beef is greater there and beef prices are considerably higher. The beef and hides from these stolen Tanzanian cattle also fuel Kenya's meat-packing and tanning industries, and live animals as well as canned beef are reportedly also shipped to buyers in Scandinavian countries and the Persian Gulf.
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Komba, Coretha, and Joshua Mwakujonga. "Demographic Determinants for Owning Bank Accounts: A Case of Tanzania." NG Journal of Social Development 13, no. 1 (May 28, 2024): 226–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ngjsd.v13i1.17.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigates the demographic determinants of owning bank accounts among Tanzanians. This study used cross-sectional secondary data from the Tanzania Mainland Household Budget Survey of 2017. Data analysis was performed by using a logistic regression model because of having a binary dependent variable. The study reveals that age, marital status, education level, employment status, and place of residence significantly affect ownership of bank accounts among Tanzanians. However, no evidence to suggest gender influences ownership of bank accounts as both males and females have similar odds of owning bank accounts. The study recommends banks promote the practice of saving money in banks for individuals not engaged in formal employment, such as the self-employed, domestic workers, and casual labourers. In addition, banks and the government should participate in enhancing financial literacy education among Tanzanians, especially from lower levels of education. Moreover, the government should create conducive infrastructures in rural areas that will permit banks to provide banking services. This is important as the majority of Tanzania’s population resides in rural areas.
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Shangwe, Muhidin J. "China’s Soft Power in Tanzania: Opportunities and Challenges." China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 03, no. 01 (January 2017): 79–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740017500026.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, China has embraced the idea of soft power with ever more keen interest. Today, soft power is Beijing’s key strategy in international politics, albeit not in the way the concept is understood and applied in the West. However, this strategy can hardly be said to have yielded fruit in Africa despite China’s growing visibility and presence over the last two decades. This article aims at probing this issue by examining how China’s soft power is manifested in Tanzania. In an attempt to show that soft power is not entirely a new practice in international politics, the article first applies a historical perspective to illustrate that it has been part and parcel of Chinese diplomacy, long before the term was coined by Joseph Nye in 1990. The article then analyzes Chinese activities in Tanzania and how they have shaped perceptions of Tanzanians of China in the era of globalization. These activities are structured in line with three traditional sources of soft power as postulated by Nye, namely culture, political values and foreign policy. As a supplement to Nye’s definition, however, elements of hard power are also included in the article, such as the use of economic inducements to produce, bolster and wield soft power. In general, China has made headway in its soft power ambitions by gaining positive reviews in Tanzania. While the current achievement is crucial as an initial step, there is still a long way to go for China in consolidating its soft power. Although China has earned admiration in some quarters of Tanzanian society, it is still premature to assume that in the long run Beijing will continue to enjoy increasing soft power in the country. Indeed, in some cases, such admiration only exists in verbal recognition. In the meantime, activities that damage China’s image have further complicated matters and undermined China’s soft power in Tanzania.