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Journal articles on the topic "Tans Model"
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Timaxian, Colin, Christoph F. A. Vogel, Charlotte Orcel, Diana Vetter, Camille Durochat, Clarisse Chinal, Phuong NGuyen, et al. "Pivotal Role for Cxcr2 in Regulating Tumor-Associated Neutrophil in Breast Cancer." Cancers 13, no. 11 (May 25, 2021): 2584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13112584.
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Chemokines present in the tumor microenvironment are essential for the control of tumor progression. We show here that several ligands of the chemokine receptor Cxcr2 were up-regulated in the PyMT (polyoma middle T oncogene) model of breast cancer. Interestingly, the knock-down of Cxcr2 in PyMT animals led to an increased growth of the primary tumor and lung metastasis. The analysis of tumor content of PyMT-Cxcr2−/− animals highlighted an increased infiltration of tumor associated neutrophils (TANs), mirrored by a decreased recruitment of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) compared to PyMT animals. Analysis of PyMT-Cxcr2−/− TANs revealed that they lost their killing ability compared to PyMT-Cxcr2+/+ TANs. The transcriptomic analysis of PyMT-Cxcr2−/− TANs showed that they had a more pronounced pro-tumor TAN2 profile compared to PyMT TANs. In particular, PyMT-Cxcr2−/− TANs displayed an up-regulation of the pathways involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and angiogenesis and factors favoring metastasis, but reduced apoptosis. In summary, our data reveal that a lack of Cxcr2 provides TANs with pro-tumor effects.
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Benson, Douglas D., Xianzhong Meng, David A. Fullerton, Ernest E. Moore, Joon H. Lee, Lihua Ao, Christopher C. Silliman, and Carlton C. Barnett. "Activation state of stromal inflammatory cells in murine metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 302, no. 9 (May 1, 2012): R1067—R1075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00320.2011.
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The histologic presence of macrophages (tumor-associated macrophages, TAMs) and neutrophils (tumor-associated neutrophils, TANs) has been linked to poor clinical outcomes for solid tumors. The exact mechanism for this association with worsened prognosis is unclear. It has been theorized that TAMs are immunomodulated to an alternatively activated state and promote tumor progression. Similarly, TANs have been shown to promote angiogenesis and tumor detachment. TAMs and TANs were characterized for activation state and production of prometastatic mediators in an immunocompetent murine model of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Specimens from liver metastases were evaluated by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting. TAMS have upregulated expression of CD206 and CD163 markers of alternative activation, (4.14 ± 0.55-fold and 7.36 ± 1.13-fold over control, respectively, P < 0.001) but do not have increased expression of classically activated macrophage markers CCR2 and CCR5. TAMs also express oncostatin M (OSM). We found that TANs, not TAMs, predominantly produce matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in this metastatic tumor microenvironment, while MMP-2 production is pan-tumoral. Moreover, increased expression of VEGF colocalized with TAMs as opposed to TANs. TAMs and TANs may act as distinct effector cells, with TAMs phenotypically exhibiting alternative activation and releasing OSM and VEGF. TANs are localized at the invasive front of the metastasis, where they colocalize with MMP-9. Improved understanding of these interactions may lead to targeted therapies for pancreas adenocarcinoma.
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Zhou, Zhengjun, Pengcheng Wang, Rongqi Sun, Jia Li, Zhiqiang Hu, Haoyang Xin, Chubin Luo, Jian Zhou, Jia Fan, and Shaolai Zhou. "Tumor-associated neutrophils and macrophages interaction contributes to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma progression by activating STAT3." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 9, no. 3 (March 2021): e001946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-001946.
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BackgroundTumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) and macrophages (TAMs) can each influence cancer growth and metastasis, but their combined effects in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remain unclear.MethodsWe explored the distributions of TANs and TAMs in patient-derived ICC samples by multiplex immunofluorescent staining and tested their separate and combined effects on ICC in vitro and in vivo. We then investigated the mechanistic basis of the effects using PCR array, western blot analysis and ELISA experiments. Finally, we validated our results in a tissue microarray composed of primary tumor tissues from 359 patients with ICC.ResultsThe spatial distributions of TANs and TAMs were correlated with each other in patient-derived ICC samples. Interaction between TANs and TAMs enhanced the proliferation and invasion abilities of ICC cells in vitro and tumor progression in a mouse xenograft model of ICC. TANs and TAMs produced higher levels of oncostatin M and interleukin-11, respectively, in co-culture than in monoculture. Both of those cytokines activated STAT3 signaling in ICC cells. Knockdown of STAT3 abolished the protumor effect of TANs and TAMs on ICC. In tumor samples from patients with ICC, increased TAN and TAM levels were correlated with elevated p-STAT3 expression. All three of those factors were independent predictors of patient outcomes.ConclusionsTANs and TAMs interact to promote ICC progression by activating STAT3.
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Han, Booyeon Julia, Luis I. Ruffolo, Katherine M. Jackson, Brian A. Belt, Nathania Figueroa, Joseph D. Murphy, David Linehan, and Peter A. Prieto. "Investigating the tumor-immune microenvironment in an autochthonous murine model of cholangiocarcinoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 8_suppl (March 10, 2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.8_suppl.53.
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53 Background: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the most common liver malignancy within the biliary tree with increasing incidence and poor survival. Although surgical resection can be curative, prognosis remains abysmal with high rates of unresectability and recurrence, and new systemic therapies are needed. CCA tumors are characterized by an abundant inflammatory immune cell infiltrate, yet little is known about the immune dynamics underlying the disease. Here, we present a preclinical murine model of CCA for identifying potential targets susceptible to immune-based therapies. Methods: Mice with targeted activation of KrasG12D and loss of p53 (Kras-p53-/-) in the liver were exposed to 5-Diethoxycarbonyl-1.4-dihydrocollidine for 4 weeks to induce spontaneous CCA tumorigenesis. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed for mouse and human CCA. Immune compartments (bone marrow, spleen, peripheral blood, tumor draining and non-draining lymph nodes, and CCA tumor) of mice were processed for CyTOF analysis. In vitro assays of isolated myeloid leukocytes were performed to demonstrate function. Results: Tumor associated neutrophils (TANs) and tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) were present in high levels in human CCA tumors and the murine model. CyTOF analysis demonstrated mobilization of TANs, TAMs, and CCR2+ inflammatory monocytes into the tumor. The checkpoint marker PD-1 was upregulated on CD8+ and CD4+ T cells and associated with PD-L1+ TANs, TAMs, monocytes, and dendritic cells. The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment was also characterized by TAMs expressing IL-10, TGFβ, and arginase 1; regulatory B cells expressing IL-10 and TGFβ; and Gata3+ TH2 cells. Isolated myeloid leukocytes suppressed T cell proliferation and induced invasive migration. Conclusions: Kras-p53-/- mice developed CCA tumors histologically similar to human disease: the data portray immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment, a possible obstacle for an effective anti-tumor response. Understanding the immune dynamics of immunosuppressive populations within the tumor microenvironment will be key to mount a potent therapeutic response for durable remission and improved survival.
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Ashby, F. Gregory, and Matthew J. Crossley. "A Computational Model of How Cholinergic Interneurons Protect Striatal-dependent Learning." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, no. 6 (June 2011): 1549–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2010.21523.
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An essential component of skill acquisition is learning the environmental conditions in which that skill is relevant. This article proposes and tests a neurobiologically detailed theory of how such learning is mediated. The theory assumes that a key component of this learning is provided by the cholinergic interneurons in the striatum known as tonically active neurons (TANs). The TANs are assumed to exert a tonic inhibitory influence over cortical inputs to the striatum that prevents the execution of any striatal-dependent actions. The TANs learn to pause in rewarding environments, and this pause releases the striatal output neurons from this inhibitory effect, thereby facilitating the learning and expression of striatal-dependent behaviors. When rewards are no longer available, the TANs cease to pause, which protects striatal learning from decay. A computational version of this theory accounts for a variety of single-cell recording data and some classic behavioral phenomena, including fast reacquisition after extinction.
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McAteer, Emily, and Simone Pulver. "The Corporate Boomerang: Shareholder Transnational Advocacy Networks Targeting Oil Companies in the Ecuadorian Amazon." Global Environmental Politics 9, no. 1 (February 2009): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep.2009.9.1.1.
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Transnational advocacy networks (TANs) targeting corporations differ from those targeting states in the strategies they employ, determinants of network effectiveness, and assessments of goal achievement. This article develops a corporate boomerang model to analyze the dynamics of corporate-focused TANs. The model is used to assess two case studies of corporate-focused TANs—targeting the US-based oil corporations Chevron and Burlington Resources—active in Ecuador's Amazon region. In both TANs, corporate shareholder activists played a central role in the networks. The comparison demonstrates that the success of the Burlington TAN relative to the Chevron TAN can be explained by differences in the cohesiveness of the two networks and in the vulnerability of the two targets.
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Beniwal, Angad, Saket Jain, Sumedh Shah, Sabraj Gill, Garima Yagnik, Alan Nguyen, Harsh Wadhwa, Aaron Diaz, and Manish K. Aghi. "TAMI-38. TUMOR-ASSOCIATED NEUTROPHILS IN GLIOBLASTOMA PROMOTE THE PERIVASCULAR GLIOMA STEM-LIKE CELL NICHE VIA OSTEOPONTIN SECRETION." Neuro-Oncology 23, Supplement_6 (November 2, 2021): vi206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab196.822.
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Abstract Among clinical analyses, elevated neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio has been correlated with poor outcomes of glioblastoma patients independent of other prognostic factors. Additionally, our flow cytometric studies of primary patient samples found neutrophil percentage to be significantly higher in higher-grade glioma versus lower-grade glioma. Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) comprise less than 2% of the glioblastoma microenvironment. While TANs were initially considered passive bystanders due to their short-lived nature, investigation of TANs in other cancers revealed distinct pro-tumoral roles. Therefore, we transcriptomically characterized glioblastoma TANs and defined their oncologic effects. Transcriptomic analysis of patient-matched TANs versus peripheral blood neutrophils revealed that functionally quiescent circulating neutrophils infiltrate IDH1-wild type glioblastoma via leukotriene B4 chemoattraction, where tumor cells morphologically and transcriptomically activate them to become TANs. Single-cell RNA-sequencing of patient-matched TANs and peripheral blood neutrophils revealed a subset of tumor-activated neutrophils which adopt a pro-tumoral secretory phenotype, marked by activation of the IL-17 signaling pathway and high osteopontin production. Using immunofluorescence stains of primary patient glioblastoma sections, we demonstrated that activated, myeloperoxidase-positive TANs reside in the perivascular niche of glioblastoma in close proximity to glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) and CD31-positive endothelial cells. Further analysis in culture demonstrated that TAN-secreted osteopontin drives the formation, self-renewal, and proliferation of GSC-containing neurospheres. These results were validated using a syngeneic stem cell-derived IDH1-wild type murine glioblastoma model in vivo. Thus, while TANs are rare in glioblastoma, their enrichment in the glioblastoma perivascular niche uniquely positions them to support the GSCs that are crucial to therapeutic resistance of GBM.
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Vannitamby, Amanda, Mohamed I. Saad, Christian Aloe, Hao Wang, Beena Kumar, Ross Vlahos, Stavros Selemidis, et al. "Aspirin-Triggered Resolvin D1 Reduces Proliferation and the Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio in a Mutant KRAS-Driven Lung Adenocarcinoma Model." Cancers 13, no. 13 (June 28, 2021): 3224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13133224.
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Tumour-associated neutrophils (TANs) can support tumour growth by suppressing cytotoxic lymphocytes. AT-RvD1 is an eicosanoid that can antagonise neutrophil trafficking instigated by ALX/FPR2 ligands such as serum amyloid A (SAA). We aimed to establish whether SAA and ALOX5 expression associates with TANs and investigate the immunomodulatory actions of AT-RvD1 in vivo. MPO-positive neutrophils were quantified in tumour blocks from lung adenocarcinoma (n = 48) and control tissue (n = 20) by IHC. Tumour expression of SAA and ALOX5 were analysed by RTqPCR and an oncogenic KrasG12D lung adenocarcinoma mouse model was used to investigate the in vivo efficacy of AT-RvD1 treatment. ALOX5 expression was markedly reduced in lung adenocarcinoma tumours. The SAA/ALOX5 ratio strongly correlated with TANs and was significantly increased in tumours harbouring an oncogenic KRAS mutation. AT-RvD1 treatment reduced tumour growth in KrasG12D mice, which was accompanied by suppressed cellular proliferation within parenchymal lesions. In addition, AT-RvD1 significantly reduced the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), an established prognostic marker of poor survival in adenocarcinoma. This study identifies a novel molecular signature whereby elevated levels of SAA relative to ALOX5 favour accumulation of TANs. Furthermore, the ALOX5/5-LO enzymatic product, AT-RvD1, markedly reduced the NLR and suppressed tumour growth in KrasG12D mice.
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Tan, Can Ozan, and Daniel Bullock. "A Dopamine–Acetylcholine Cascade: Simulating Learned and Lesion-Induced Behavior of Striatal Cholinergic Interneurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 100, no. 4 (October 2008): 2409–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.90486.2008.
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The giant cholinergic interneurons of the striatum are tonically active neurons (TANs) that respond with pauses to appetitive and aversive cues and to novel events. Whereas tonic activity emerges from intrinsic properties of these neurons, glutamatergic inputs from intralaminar thalamic nuclei and dopaminergic inputs from midbrain are required for genesis of pause responses. No prior computational models encompass both intrinsic and synaptically gated dynamics. We present a mathematical model that robustly accounts for behavior-related electrophysiological properties of TANs in terms of their intrinsic physiological properties and known afferents. In the model, balanced intrinsic hyperpolarizing and depolarizing currents engender tonic firing and glutamatergic inputs from thalamus (and cortex) both directly excite and indirectly inhibit TANs. If this inhibition, probably mediated by GABAergic nitric oxide synthase interneurons, exceeds a threshold, a persistent K+ conductance current amplifies its effect to generate a prolonged pause. Dopamine (DA) signals modulate both the intrinsic mechanisms and the external inputs of TANs. Simulations revealed that many learning-dependent behaviors of TANs, including acquired pauses to task-relevant cues, are explicable without recourse to learning-dependent changes in synapses onto TANs, due to a tight coupling between DA bursts and TAN pauses. These interactions imply that reward-predicting cues often cause striatal projection neurons to receive a cascade of signals: an adaptively scaled DA burst, a brief acetylcholine (ACh) burst, and an ACh pause. A sensitivity analysis revealed a unique TAN response surface, which shows that DA inputs robustly cooperate with thalamic inputs to control cue-dependent pauses of ACh release, which strongly affects performance- and learning-related dynamics in the striatum.
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Lad, Meeki, Angad Beniwal, Saket Jain, Sabraj Gill, and Manish Aghi. "TMIC-59. GLIOBLASTOMA INDUCES THE DIFFERENTIATION AND RECRUITMENT OF NON-CANONICAL ANTI-TUMORAL NEUTROPHILS FROM SKULL BONE MARROW." Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_7 (November 1, 2022): vii284—vii285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac209.1103.
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Abstract The effects of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) on glioblastoma biology remain poorly understood. Flow cytometric analysis of 5 newly diagnosed glioblastoma fresh tissue specimens surprisingly revealed a high fraction (21.0-34.1%) of TANs expressed MHCII, a marker of antigen-presenting cells not classically associated with neutrophils and not expressed in matched peripheral blood (PBNs). Transcriptomic profiling confirmed that patient TANs upregulated expression of MHCII subunits (HLA-DR), chaperones (HLA-DM), and costimulatory ligands (CD86/83). Ex vivo cocultures further demonstrated that TANs activated patient-matched naïve T cells in an MHCII-dependent manner, while PBNs did not (CD25 MFI fold-change: 1.1 vs 3.2, p< 0.001). The antitumoral relevance of this property was confirmed in a syngeneic mouse glioma model, wherein αLy6G-mediated neutrophil depletion in T-cell-competent mice (Balb/c, n= 13) yielded endpoint tumors that had reduced CD8+ T cell infiltration (p= 0.0024) and were 2.4-fold larger by BLI (p= 0.0383) than controls, but had no bearing on tumor burden in T-cell-deficient (athymic) mice. Given the absence of MHCII+ neutrophils in circulation, we interrogated the inducibility of this phenotype by tumor-conditioned media in murine marrow/blood, finding that only immature Ly6Glow bone marrow neutrophils had sufficient plasticity to express MHCII and process foreign antigen as measured by DQ-ovalbumin uptake/proteolysis. Because of the non-inducibility of PBNs, we investigated the hypothesis that MHCII+ TANs were recruited to the glioblastoma microenvironment from adjacent skull bone marrow by labeling this space with CFMDA in tumor-implanted mice; at 72h, skull marrow-derived neutrophils contributed disproportionately to MHCII+ TANs compared to all TANs (41.7% vs 9.3%). As confirmation, in the first-ever scRNA-seq of human TANs, we demonstrated via pseudotime analysis that MHCII+ neutrophils represent a developmental lineage seen in TANs but not matched PBNs. Given the immunostimulatory effects of this population, mechanisms to promote neutrophil egress and tumor infiltration from the skull marrow may have therapeutic value.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tans Model"
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Stone, David C. "Models for dispersion in flow injection analysis." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1987. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13607.
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An extensive study has been made of the factors affecting sample dispersion in flow injection analysis. This has included the effect of different manifold parameters on peak height and shape, and the use of various flow models to describe the physical processes involved. The factors investigated included sample flow-rate, tube length and diameter, sample volume, and the diffusion coefficient of the solute. The role of the detector has also been investigated, and was found to exert a strong influence on the observed dispersion behaviour of a flow injection manifold. In the light of this, a low volume flow cell was constructed which minimised the contribution of the detector to dispersion. Different modes of sample injection ("time" and "slug" injection) have been studied, and an automatic valve constructed in connection with the work. Both new and existing flow models have been evaluated in terms of their ease-of-use and ability to predict peak shape. Conditions for which the different models were valid were derived both experimentally and from consideration of the assumptions of the models. The applications of such models to the characterisation and design of flow manifolds has also been considered, and this approach compared to the purely theoretical and empirical approaches that have been described in the literature. The models examined in this thesis are the convection, diffusion, tanks-in-series, well-stirred tank, two-tanks in- parallel and two-tanks-in-series models. Finally, the practical implications of this work for the design of flow injection manifolds and the derivation of so-called "rules for dispersion" have been discussed, and suggestions made for further areas of research.
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Green, Charles B. "Calamus, Drum-Taps, and Whitman's Model of Comradeship." W&M ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626051.
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Wikström, Jonas. "3D Model of Fuel Tank for System Simulation : A methodology for combining CAD models with simulation tools." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Maskinkonstruktion, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-71370.
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Engineering aircraft systems is a complex task. Therefore models and computer simulations are needed to test functions and behaviors of non existing systems, reduce testing time and cost, reduce the risk involved and to detect problems early which reduce the amount of implementation errors. At the section Vehicle Simulation and Thermal Analysis at Saab Aeronautics in Linköping every basic aircraft system is designed and simulated, for example the fuel system. Currently 2-dimensional rectangular blocks are used in the simulation model to represent the fuel tanks. However, this is too simplistic to allow a more detailed analysis. The model needs to be extended with a more complex description of the tank geometry in order to get a more accurate model. This report explains the different steps in the developed methodology for combining 3-dimensional geometry models of any fuel tank created in CATIA with dynamic simulation of the fuel system in Dymola. The new 3-dimensional representation of the tank in Dymola should be able to calculate fuel surface location during simulation of a maneuvering aircraft. The first step of the methodology is to create a solid model of the fuel contents in the tank. Then the area of validity for the model has to be specified, in this step all possible orientations of the fuel acceleration vector within the area of validity is generated. All these orientations are used in the automated volume analysis in CATIA. For each orientation CATIA splits the fuel body in a specified number of volumes and records the volume, the location of the fuel surface and the location of the center of gravity. This recorded data is then approximated with the use of radial basis functions implemented in MATLAB. In MATLAB a surrogate model is created which are then implemented in Dymola. In this way any fuel surface location and center of gravity can be calculated in an efficient way based on the orientation of the fuel acceleration vector and the amount of fuel. The new 3-dimensional tank model is simulated in Dymola and the results are compared with measures from the model in CATIA and with the results from the simulation of the old 2-dimensional tank model. The results shows that the 3-dimensional tank gives a better approximation of reality and that there is a big improvement compared with the 2-dimensional tank model. The downside is that it takes approximately 24 hours to develop this model.Att utveckla ett nytt flygplanssystem är en väldigt komplicerad arbetsuppgift. Därför används modeller och simuleringar för att testa icke befintliga system, minska utvecklingstiden och kostnaderna, begränsa riskerna samt upptäcka problem tidigt och på så sätt minska andelen implementerade fel. Vid sektionen Vehicle Simulation and Thermal Analysis på Saab Aeronautics i Linköping designas och simuleras varje grundflygplanssystem, ett av dessa system är bränslesystemet. För närvarande används 2-dimensionella rätblock i simuleringsmodellen för att representera bränsletankarna, vilket är en väldigt grov approximation. För att kunna utföra mer detaljerade analyser behöver modellerna utökas med en bättre geometrisk beskrivning av bränsletankarna. Denna rapport går igenom de olika stegen i den framtagna metodiken för att kombinera 3- dimensionella tankmodeller skapade i CATIA med dynamisk simulering av bränslesystemet i Dymola. Den nya 3-dimensionella representationen av en tank i Dymola bör kunna beräkna bränsleytans läge under en simulering av ett manövrerande flygplan. Första steget i metodiken är att skapa en solid modell av bränslet som finns i tanken. Därefter specificeras modellens giltighetsområde och alla tänkbara riktningar hos accelerationsvektorn som påverkar bränslet genereras, dessa används sedan i den automatiserade volymanalysen i CATIA. För varje riktning delar CATIA upp bränslemodellen i ett bestämt antal delar och registrerar volymen, bränsleytans läge samt tyngdpunktens position för varje del. Med hjälp av radiala basfunktioner som har implementerats i MATLAB approximeras dessa data och en surrogatmodell tas fram, denna implementeras sedan i Dymola. På så sätt kan bränsleytans och tyngdpunktens läge beräknas på ett effektivt sätt, baserat på riktningen hos bränslets accelerationsvektor samt mängden bränsle i tanken. Den nya 3-dimensionella tankmodellen simuleras i Dymola och resultaten jämförs med mätningar utförda i CATIA samt med resultaten från den gamla simuleringsmodellen. Resultaten visar att den 3-dimensionella tankmodellen ger en mycket bättre representation av verkligheten och att det är en stor förbättring jämfört med den 2-dimensionella representationen. Nackdelen är att det tar ungefär 24 timmar att få fram denna 3-dimensionella representation.
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Zhang, Aibin. "CFD Modeling and Optimization of Primary sedimentation tank." Thesis, KTH, Vattendragsteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-217116.
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In this project, the flow field characteristics of the simplified 2D rectangular primary sedimentation tank in Syvab wastewater treatment plant were achieved by a transient water-air two phases finite-volume method, applying Volume-Of-Fluid (VOF) model. RNG k-ε turbulence model was also employed to calculate the turbulent kinetic energy and its dissipation rate. The undesired hydraulic phenomenon for solid sedimentation was detected in original tank. To reduce the velocity and turbulence intensity of the influent, two categories of optimization methods were proposed, which are installing the baffle and changing the velocity inlet. The modifying effects of different methods were compared by the velocity profiles and the contours of kinetic energy. It turns out that both ways provide a preferred condition for particle settling. In the end, further research was forecasted and the work direction were given.I detta projekt uppnåddes 2D modellering av avloppsflödesfältets karaktär hos en förenklade och rektangulär primära sedimenteringsbassäng, Syvab avloppsreningsverk, genom en transient-tvåfas-finita-volymmetoden med vatten och luft, som tillämpades med Volume-Of-Fluid (VOF) modellen. RNG k-ε turbulensmodellen användes även för att beräkna den kinetiska energin av turbulas och dess dissipationshastighet. Detta för att oönskade hydrauliska fenomen har uppmärksammats hos sedimenteringsbassängen hos avloppsreningsverket. För att minska flödeshastigheten och turbulens föreslås två optimeringsmetoder, vilket är att installera skärm och att ändra inloppets hastighet. Eeffekterna av de olika metoderna jämförs med hjälp av hastighets- och kinetisk energiprofiler. Det visar sig att båda metoderna kan ge gynsammare tillstånd för sedimentering av partikelar. Som avslutning ges prognos för den fortsatta forskningen och arbetsriktningen inom ämnet.
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Drca, Ivana. "Nonlinear Model Predictive Control of the Four Tank Process." Thesis, KTH, Reglerteknik, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-106237.
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Model predictive control techniques are widely used in the process industry. They are considered methods that give good performance and are able to operate during long periods without almost any intervention. Model predictive control is also the only technique that is able to consider model restrictions. Almost all industrial processes have nonlinear dynamics, however most MPC applications are based on linear models. Linear models do not always give a sufficiently adequate representation of the system and therefore nonlinear model predictive control techniques have to be considered. Working with nonlinear models give rise to a wide range of difficulties such as, non convex optimization problems, slow processes and a different approach to guarantee stability . This project deals with nonlinear model predictive control and is written at the University of Seville at the department of Systems and Automatic control and at the department of Automatic Control at KTH. The first objective is to control the nonlinear Four Tank Process using nonlinear model predictive control. Objective number two is to investigate if and how the computational time and complexity can be reduced. Simulations show that a nonlinear model predictive control algorithm is developed with satisfactory results. The algorithm is fast enough and all restrictions are respected for initial state values inside of the terminal set as well as for initial state values outside of the terminal set. Feasibility and stability is ensured for both short as well as for longer prediction horizon, guaranteeing that the output reaches the reference. Hence the choice of a short respectively long prediction horizon is a trade off between shorter computational time versus better precision. Regarding the reduction of the computational time, penalty functions have been implemented in the optimization problem converting it to an unconstrained optimization problem including a PHASE-I problem. Results show that this implementation give approximately the same computational time as for the constrained optimization problem. Precision is good for implementations with penalty functions both for long and short prediction horizons and initial state values inside and outside of the terminal set.
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Engelbrecht, Darnell Francois. "Development of a CFD model for stirred tank applications." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5545.
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Word processed copy.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 86-90).
This thesis deals with the development of a multi phase model for stirred tank applications. The general purpose, commercially available CFD code, FLUENT 6.2, is used to model a Rushton turbine-agitated stirred tank with T = 0.14 m.
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Polorigni, Christian Leprince. "Primary sedimentation tank model with characterized settling velocity groups." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32526.
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Primary sedimentation involves the separation of solids and liquid in primary settling tanks (PSTs) of wastewater treatment systems. These physical processes are described by various settling conditions such as discrete and flocculent settling, along with other phenomena such as flocculation, coagulation, ammonification or hydrolysis. The modelling of primary sedimentation has often been overlooked because (i) it involves various intricacies that are difficult to replicate and (ii) primary sedimentation has been assumed to be an input to most of the main unit process models, including the activated sludge (AS) system and the anaerobic digestion (AD) models. Though there has been a wide range of proposed mathematical models to describe how PSTs function, the need to correctly disaggregate the total suspended solids (TSS) into realistic fractions of unbiodegradable particulate organics (UPO), biodegradable particulate organics (BPO) and inorganic settleable solids (ISS), remains. This is because PST models that are unable to correctly split the TSS into its characteristic components make incorrect assumptions. These assumptions lead to inconsistencies in predicting the compositions of the primary sludge (PS) that is fed to the AD unit and the settled wastewater (settled WW) that is treated in the AS system. Hence, it becomes difficult to correctly simulate the entire system (plant-wide) towards a holistic evaluation of system strategies. In this study, a realistic PST model was developed, with characterized settling velocity groups, within a plant-wide setting, for municipal wastewater. This involved the improvement of a current TSS-based model into a more accurate and realistic model that could account for the settling of raw wastewater particles. The model was therefore expected to predict the composition of the PS that is treated in the AD system and the composition of the settled WW that is going to the AS unit processes. This could be achieved by splitting the TSS into UPO, BPO and ISS fractions. In developing preparation of such a realistic PST model, the following objectives were established: 1. Disaggregate the TSS into realistic UPO, BPO and ISS fractions, by means of discrete particle settling modelling (Kowlesser, 2014) and the particle settling velocity distribution (PSVD) approach of Bachis et al. (2015). 2. Verify that the model is internally consistent with wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) data, by means of mathematical material mass balances and other specific scenarios. 3. Demonstrate the application and impact of such a model by performing steady state plant-wide simulations. Using the discrete particle settling approach of Kowlesser (2014), a discrete particle settling model was developed in Microsoft Excel and implemented into a dynamic PST framework in WEST® (Vanhooren et al., 2003). The discrete particle settling model was described using steady state and dynamic calculations and the insights obtained from these calculations were implemented in the current TSS-based PST model of Bachis et al. (2015). This was performed towards developing the University of Cape Town Primary Sedimentation Unit (UCTPSU). The influent raw wastewater TSS was fractionated into UPO, BPO and ISS fractions and settling proportions of these fractions were assigned to five settling velocity groups. In addition, a distinct settling velocity was assigned to each settling velocity group. Previous studies data from WRC (1984) and Ekama (2017), were used in the discrete particle settling model, which was able to reproduce PS and settled WW outputs, through steady state and dynamic calculations and under strict material mass balances. As a result, UPO, BPO and ISS settling proportions as well as settling velocities, were extracted from these calculations and used as input parameters into the UCTPSU model. This dynamic model was rigorously verified to be internally consistent with regards to strict material mass balances. The verification scenarios also included variations of high and low settling velocities as well as a combination of both high and low velocities and checking that the model was behaving as expected. The application and impact of the UCTPSU model were demonstrated using plant-wide scenarios in proposing a preliminary integration, under steady state conditions. It showed how incorrect disaggregation of the TSS into UPO, BPO and ISS fractions can lead to incorrect predictions in terms of the settled WW composition, the AS system capacity, the effluent quality, as well as the energy consumption and generation in the AS system and AD unit respectively. The investigation also revealed the need to measure key wastewater parameters such as particle settling velocities and the unbiodegradable particulate COD fraction, when it comes to realistically modelling of primary sedimentation of municipal wastewater, with the view of optimizing plant operations and tactical decision making. The study thereafter recommended the need to conduct an extensive experimental campaign to measure in-situ diurnal data, mainly in terms of settling velocities and settling proportions of UPO, BPO and ISS. It was also suggested to use the settleometer as a tool to extract these settling velocities and settling proportions, after performing biodegradability tests. As such, the data collected from the experimental campaign and the biodegradability tests could be used in calibrating the UCTPSU model and validation could be undertaken by means of full plant scale data.
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Fotso, Simo Eugene. "Development of a Dynamic Simulation Model for Equalization Tanks." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33714.
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The influent to a water and resource recovery facility (WRRF) generally exhibits significant diurnal variations in flow rate and load concentration. This makes determining the operating parameters and subsequently the overall operation of plants difficult, especially in developing countries due to the lack of highly skilled operators. Hence, there is an incentive for the control and operation of WRRFs in developing countries to be improved. Flow equalization tanks were identified as a potential method to attenuate the diurnal variations in flow rate and load concentration into plants. The main aim of this research was to develop a viable dynamic simulation model for the operation of flow equalization tanks, within a plant-wide framework (to allow for the evaluation of design and control strategies). The next aim was to determine the benefits of equalization tanks towards design and optimised operation of future WRRFs via scenario analyses. Finally, the effects of the equalization tank on the performance of various unit processes in a WRRF were to be investigated. The model was developed in three steps; i) the development of the required equations to model equalization tanks, ii) mass balance throughout the model for internal consistency and iii) scenario analyses to determine if the model generated reasonable and scientifically sound outputs. The model was developed using Microsoft Excel Visual Basic (VBA) and WEST®. Two scenarios were considered to assess the equalization tank modelled. Scenario One involved the comparison of the capital cost, unit process sizes and total footprint of a balanced sludge age Modified Ludzack-Ettinger (MLE) system with and without an equalization tank. Scenario Two compared the plant performance of the MLE system designed in Scenario One with and without a flow equalization tank. A dynamic simulation model replicating equalization tanks was successfully developed. From scenario analyses, it was determined that using an MLE system and only considering equalization of flow, there was a reduction in the size of several unit processes by 8-9% (primary settling tank, biological reactors, secondary settling tank, flotation unit, anoxic-aerobic digester), due to the less conservative design values that could be used as the variations of the influent were decreased. Despite this, a 13% overall increase in the footprint of the WRRF was observed due to the addition of the equalization tank. The attenuation of diurnal flow variations also resulted in reduction of various plant parameters by up to 50% (flow, OUR, VSS flux). Finally, there was a 10% improvement in the performance of various unit processes due to the presence of the equalization tank. In conclusion, the inclusion of equalization tanks in WRRFs has significant positive effects. These results were obtained with equalization of flow only. Some other limitations were experienced during the project resulting in the following recommendations: further research will be needed to validate and calibrate the model, As the model was not successfully incorporated in a plant-wide framework, further developments in that direction are required, as well as including the equalization of load in the model.
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Rhodes, James Robert. "Transfer function model for oxy-fuel fired batch tank." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1808.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 110 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-82).
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Noble, Donald Ross. "Combined wave-current scale model testing at FloWave." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31170.
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As part of a global drive to produce renewable electricity, devices are being designed to harness energy from the waves and tidal currents. Physical scale model testing is an important part of the development process for this and other technologies. The FloWave Ocean Energy Research Facility at The University of Edinburgh is designed to conduct these tests. Here it is possible to produce multi-directional waves combined with currents in the circular tank, re-creating the complexity of the ocean. The research was driven by commercial requirements of the facility, aiming to highlight what can be learnt from testing at scale with complex conditions in a controlled environment. To enable this, it was first necessary to extend the characterisation of this new facility. Wave generation and reflections were assessed in a previous project. In this work, flow measurements taken throughout the test volume of the tank, allowed spatial and temporal variations in the currents to be determined. Waves and currents interact in a complex manner, compounded by the method of reproducing them in a tank. The influence of currents on waves in the basin was assessed. This included cases with an oblique angle between them, on which little has been published. The other part of the project addressed issues to be considered when testing in a combined wave-current basin such as FloWave. • At many sites of interest for offshore renewable energy, waves are influenced by water depth. Implications of not scaling depth consistently were considered, and design diagrams produced to facilitate understanding and quantification of potential errors. • At FloWave, waves are generated in still water around the outside of the tank. A process was therefore developed and verified to produce the desired combined conditions in the central test area following their interaction with the current. • There is a wealth of published guidance on tank testing, for ships, offshore structures, and more recently renewable energy. This has been reviewed and suggestions offered to augment this by including testing in the more advanced conditions possible in a facility like FloWave. • Tools and guidance have been developed to highlight many of the issues to be considered by clients prior to testing at FloWave. This aims to facilitate planning of a test programme by highlighting potential knowledge gaps and recording decisions made. Flowcharts have been produced to represent this graphically, with a corresponding checklist of questions for clients, which have been trialled in a pilot study. Outputs from this research are being used to help deliver both academic and commercial client tests at FloWave. The test area in currents was shown to be > 50m2 with < 10% variation in flow, and the combined wave-current conditions possible have been explored. Results that are important when designing client test plans.
Books on the topic "Tans Model"
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McLaughlin, Carl. How to model World War II German armor. Waukesha, WI: Kalmbach Books, 2002.
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Quarrie, Bruce. Armoured wargaming: A detailed guide to model tank warfare. Wellingborough, Northamptonshire, England: P. Stephens, 1988.
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Denny Ship Model Experiment Tank. Denny Tank records: Master list. [Dumbarton]: [the Tank], 1987.
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Melleman, Tadeusz. PzKpfw VI "Tiger". Gdansk, Poland: A-J Press, 2002.
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Wechsler, James K. Building and detailing realistic Sherman tanks. Waukesha, Wis: Kalmbach Books, 2010.
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Garry, Kevin P. A summary of the scale model wind tunnel tests on the TRRL spray dispersion articulated tanker vehicle. Cranfield, Bedford, England: Cranfield Institute of Technology, College of Aeronautics, 1989.
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Zaloga, Steve. Modeling US armor of World War 2. Oxford: Osprey, 2009.
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Dresar, Neil T. Van. Thermodynamic models for bounding pressurant mass requirements of cryogenic tanks. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993.
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Graham, Scott E. A preliminary evaluation of a model maintenance training program for reserve component units. Alexandria, Va: U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, 1986.
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Edmundson, Gary. Modelling armoured vehicles. Oxford: Osprey, 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Tans Model"
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Reuss, Matthias, and Rakesh Bajpai. "Stirred Tank Models." In Biotechnology, 299–348. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527620852.ch10.
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Levenspiel, Octave. "The Tanks-in-Series Model." In Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 81–97. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8074-8_8.
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Bobrov, Nikita, George Chernishev, Dmitry Grigoriev, and Boris Novikov. "An Evaluation of TANE Algorithm for Functional Dependency Detection." In Model and Data Engineering, 208–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66854-3_16.
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Wang, Shuyu, Peibao Wu, Zhichao Hou, Xuehong Chen, and Shuai Wang. "Model Validation of a Vehicle Fuel Tank for Modal Analysis." In Vibration Engineering for a Sustainable Future, 145–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47618-2_18.
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Greer, Donald. "Cryogenic Fuel Tank Draining Analysis Model." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, 1213–20. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4215-5_33.
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Thabet, Mohamad, David Sanders, and Victor Becerra. "Analytical Model for Compressed Air System Analysis." In Springer Proceedings in Energy, 99–104. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63916-7_13.
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AbstractThis paper presents a simple analytical model for a compressed air system (CAS) supply side. The supply side contains components responsible for production, treatment and storage of compressed air such as a compressor, cooler and a storage tank. Simulation of system performance with different storage tank size and system pressure set-point were performed. Results showed that a properly sized tank volume reduces energy consumption while maintaining good system pressure stability. Moreover, results also showed that reducing system pressure reduced energy consumption, however a more detailed model that considers end-user equipment is required to study effect of pressure set-point on energy consumption. Future work will focus on developing a supply-demand side coupled model and on utilizing model in developing new control strategies for improved energy performance.
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Rus, Vasile, and Kirtan Desai. "Assigning Function Tags with a Simple Model." In Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing, 112–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30586-6_10.
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Cerda-Villafana, Gustavo, Sergio E. Ledesma-Orozco, and Efren Gonzalez-Ramirez. "Tank Model Coupled with an Artificial Neural Network." In MICAI 2008: Advances in Artificial Intelligence, 343–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88636-5_33.
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Tang, Gan, Zelong Jia, Peng Li, Ziheng Ye, and Junchun Dou. "Study on Structural Performance and Design Method of Rectangular Steel Plate Water Tank." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 543–53. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2532-2_46.
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AbstractAccording to the engineering requirements of the integrated sewage treatment equipment, the structural design of the steel plate water tank used in the integrated sewage treatment equipment is carried out. Based on the investigation of actual projects and theoretical analysis, proposed the failure mode of steel plate water tank structure and the corresponding design guidelines. The finite element modeling calculation of the steel plate water tank project example is carried out to obtain the calculation results of the stress–strain level and displacement of the water tank structure under the stress state, so as to analyze the structural performance of the steel plate water tank structure and judge whether the water tank structure reaches the failure state accordingly. According to the design guidelines to adjust the structural arrangement and member size to ensure the safety of the water tank structure in the process of use, providing design methods for the design of steel plate water tank structure.
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Abelson, Donald E. "Think-Tanks and Models of Decision-Making." In American Think-Tanks and their Role in US Foreign Policy, 103–18. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24306-8_6.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Tans Model"
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Zhu, Yuxuan, Daogang Lu, Donghao Li, and Yu Liu. "Numerical Study of the Effect of Different Tank Shapes on Liquid Sloshing Characteristics." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-92150.
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Abstract In nuclear power engineering, there are many tanks with irregular shapes (e.g., the cooling water tank of the containment, etc.), whose shapes are quite different from the traditional rectangular tanks. Under seismic excitation, the sloshing of the liquid in the tank produces the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) with the structure. It is crucial to study the sloshing characteristics of the water tank during the design of the reactor structure. There is a difference between the sloshing characteristics of irregularly shaped tanks and rectangular tanks, but there are few studies on this difference and the significance of the difference needs to be further investigated. To explore the aforementioned issues, based on the fluid-structure interaction theory and Housner’s equivalent mechanical model, the finite element models of the irregularly shaped water tank and the regular water tank (rectangular) are established by ANSYS software. The effect of the tank shape on the sloshing frequency and added mass of water in the tank is studied by modal analysis and calculation of the added mass. Further, the significance of the effect of tank shape on the natural and dynamic characteristics of tanks is investigated by comparing the variability of the sloshing frequency and the added mass. The results can guide the fluid-structure interaction problem in nuclear power engineering and provide a reference for the structural design of similar irregular water tanks, thus improving the safety and economy of reactor design.
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Paulick, Nick, and Tom Rogers. "Section XII Transport Tank Code Preview: Cargo Tanks." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71205.
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ASME Section XII Transport Tank Code will have an impact on the regulations related to the construction and continued service of highway cargo tanks used in the transportation of dangerous goods. Modal Appendix 1 of this code specifically addresses these transport tanks, and is intended to replace a large portion of the DOT regulations currently governing how they are built and serviced. This paper presents a preview of Modal Appendix 1, one of the mandatory appendices related to cargo tanks, and how these changes will affect manufacturers and repair shops.
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Cornelli, U., J. M. Welena, J. Fareed, X. Huan, and D. Hoppensteadt. "ANTITHROMBOTIC ACTIONS OF A SULFOMUCOPOLYSACCHARIDE MIXTURE (ATERIOD) IN ANIMAL MODELS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644160.
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Ateriod obtained from beef mucosal lining is a sulfomuco-polysaccharide mixture of various glycosaminoglycans which contains derma tans, heparatans and traces of heparin. It has been used in the treatment ofatherosclerosis and related vaso-oclusive disorders. Ateriod is standardized in terms of its lipoprotein lipase activation actions. Ateriod contains signfi-cant in vitro anticoagulant and antiprotease (anti-factor Xa and anti-factor Ila) activities as measured by clot-based and chromr ogenic substrate methods. However, this in vitro activity is 7-10 times lesser than heparin. In order to study the antithrombotic actions of this agent in subcutaneous, intravenous and oral routes, we utilized a rabbit stasis thrombosis model with a prothrombin complex concentrate/Russell's viper venom thrombogenic challenge and prolonged stasis. The apparent ED50 for the antithrombotic action were found to be: IV (75-100 ug/ kg), SC (0.8-1.3 mg/kg) and oral (20-30 mg/kg). In both the IV- and SC studies, sustained anticoagulant and antiprotease actions were evident. The observed antithrombotic actions did not relate to the anti-factor IIa or anti-factor Xa actions. Pretreatment of Ateriod with equigravimetric amounts of protamine and platelet factor 4 did not neutralize the antithrombotic actions of this agent in the rabbit model. In a primate (Macaca mulatta) model of pharmacokinetics, ex vivo analysis following subcutaneously administered Ateriod showed sustained anticoagulant and antiprotease effects. The time course of the subcutaneously administered Ateriod was markedly different than heparin and a low molecular weight heparin. Treated animals were shown to resist induced hypercoagulability following injection of homologous serum as measured by FPA generation for extended periods. These studies suggest that Ateriod produces a strong antithrombotic action and that it has highly sustained pharmacokinetics. The antithrombotic activity appears to be primarily mediated via non-antithrombin - HI dependent events which may be related to heparin cofactor II and vascular/ cellular modifications.
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Yang, Chengzhuo, Thomas Metais, Zihao Zheng, Yang Dai, and Jiesheng Min. "A Comparative Approach of a Seismic Response Analysis Based on Housner Model and Added Mass Model for a Nuclear Water Storage Tank." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-93230.
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Abstract Water storage tanks are widely used in the nuclear industry for safety purposes, chemical water control and primary volume water management. Under seismic load, the sloshing of water inside the storage tank can cause a strong dynamic response, which may also change some mechanical characteristics of the tank, for example the center of mass. The water sloshing analysis is therefore an important part of the modal and seismic analysis of water storage tank. However, the water sloshing effect contains a complicated fluid-structure interaction but structural analysts cannot afford the time to spend on the calculation. It is important to build up a simplified equivalent model for the simulation. EDF has been developing since 1989 its own in-house FEA code baptized code_aster, which is included in the SALOME-MECA mechanical package. In this paper two simplified fluid-structure interaction models are performed using SALOME-MECA. Firstly, an optimized Housner model is derived with formula and implemented with 3D finite model. Additionally, another 3D finite element model using added mass model assembled in code_aster, which can simulate more precisely the fluid-structure interaction of the water storage tank. Based on the theory of these two models, their natural modes results and seismic response results are carefully compared and analyzed. The results indicate Housner model can provide a precise value of the water sloshing frequency and its displacement value is not accurate enough due to the impulse mass and convection mass simplification. However, the added mass model in SALOME-MECA can provide a more accurate and reasonable result on vibration mode calculation, which may provide an interesting alternative method for seismic verification for the nuclear refueling water tank.
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Kalemi, Bledar, Muhammad Farhan, and Daniele Corritore. "Sliding Response of Unanchored Steel Storage Tanks Subjected to Seismic Loading." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93310.
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Abstract Steel storage tanks are critical components of an industrial installation due to their high seismic vulnerability and containment of hazardous materials. Failure of a which, may lead to loss of containment (LOC) triggering domino effects such as explosion, environmental pollution, loss of functionality and disruption of business. Past earthquakes have demonstrated different type of failure modes in steel storage tanks. Although there are plenty of studies related to different failure modes like elephant foot buckling or tank uplifting, there are very few efforts on the sliding behavior of tank. Large displacements caused by the tank sliding can lead to pipe detachment and release of hazardous material which might cause damage propagation. Consequently, this damage state is very important for the Quantitative Seismic Risk Assessment of industrial plants. In order to enumerate the sliding displacement of unanchored steel storage tanks, a simplified numerical model realized with OpenSees platform is proposed. The friction model used in OpenSees is calibrated with the results obtained from ABAQUS FE model. Sliding response of tanks with different D/H ratio is analyzed using the simplified model. Fragility curves for the tank sliding damage state are analytically evaluated for different D/H ratio of the tank using the “cloud method”. Finally, a parametric study is conducted in order to comprehend the influence of different parameters on the sliding behavior such as friction coefficient, tank filling level and the influence of the vertical component of ground motions.
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Fan, Haigui, Zewu Wang, and Kun Yan. "Buckling of Tanks With a Conical Roof Under Harmonic Settlement." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84048.
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Buckling behavior of tanks with a conical roof under harmonic settlement has been researched in this paper. A real tank in engineering is taken into account and the harmonic settlement is applied to the bottom of the tank to simulate its buckling behavior. Results show that the tank wall will be subjected to a deformation mutation when the settlement reaches a critical value. It means that compared to the conical roof, the tank wall is more vulnerable to buckling. Because of the complexity added by the grid of rafters and rings on the roof, two different simplified models are presented. For the first model, the tank’s roof is modified to an equivalent thickness based on the smeared method; for the other one, the roof is completely eliminated and its influence is represented by simply supported boundary conditions at the top of the tank wall. Analysis shows that the tank model without a roof can’t reflect buckling behavior of the real tank in engineering very well. While the model with an equivalent thickness roof can avoid this deficiency and achieve high efficiency and accuracy. It’s recommended to be applied to buckling analysis of tanks under settlement. Based on that, effects of wave numbers on the critical settlement for the three models are researched and compared. Result shows that the simplified tank model with an equivalent thickness roof presented in this paper is efficient and useful for buckling analysis of tanks with a conical roof under settlement.
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Chebaro, Mohamed R., Nader Yoosef-Ghodsi, and Howard K. Yue. "Steel Storage Tank Shell Settlement Assessment Based on Finite Element and API Standard 653 Analyses." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64294.
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API Standard 653 addresses issues related to the inspection, repair, alteration and reconstruction of steel storage tanks built according to API Standard 650 or API 12C to help maintain tank integrity. Although the standard covers three types of tank settlement, namely edge, bottom and shell, this paper focuses on the assessment of shell settlement. It also provides a comparison between an analytical model based on API Standard 653 and a finite element analysis (FEA) model that replicates field operating loading and settlement conditions of storage tanks. A basis for comparison between both models was established from the maximum allowable settlement and strain values. Several scenarios were generated using actual field data collected from steel storage tanks located in Alberta to illustrate the correlation between the two models. Specific information on the storage tanks under consideration cannot be disclosed for confidentiality reasons.
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Wang, Zhihao, Amir Sharafian, and Walter Mérida. "Evaluate the Performance of Vertical and Horizontal Liquefied Natural Gas Storage Tanks by Using a Non-Equilibrium Resistance-Capacitance Model." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11877.
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Abstract Methane is the primary component of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and a potent greenhouse gas (GHG). The undesired methane emissions across the natural gas supply chain has been proven to worsen the lifecycle GHG emissions from the transportation sector compared with diesel. Therefore, having accurate fast-response models to predict the performance of natural gas infrastructure, such as LNG storage facilities, becomes crucial to minimize methane emissions. In this study, a novel non-equilibrium multi-species thermodynamic model based on the resistance-capacitance network is developed to assess the thermal performance of LNG storage tanks. The accuracy of the non-equilibrium model is validated against the experimental data of a storage tank under dynamic hot gas injection. Then, the model is employed to analyze the performance of two identical vertical and horizontal storage tanks in a refueling station under self-pressurization condition. The results show that the pressure rise in the stationary vertical and horizontal tanks is similar. However, the temperature gradient between the vapor phase and LNG in the horizontal tank is less than that in the vertical tank due to the larger vapor-liquid interface. This feature allows the horizontal tank to reduce the tank pressure faster than the vertical tank under sudden pressure increase.
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Phan, Hoang Nam, Fabrizio Paolacci, Daniele Corritore, Nicola Tondini, and Oreste S. Bursi. "A Kriging-Based Surrogate Model for Seismic Fragility Analysis of Unanchored Storage Tanks." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93259.
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Abstract The seismic vulnerability of aboveground steel storage tanks has been dramatically proved during the latest seismic events, which demonstrates the need for reliable numerical models for vulnerability and risk assessments of storage facilities. While for anchored aboveground tanks, simplified models are nowadays available and mostly used for the seismic vulnerability assessment, in the case of unanchored tanks, the scientific community is still working on numerical models capable of reliably predicting the nonlinearity due to uplift and sliding mechanisms. In this paper, a surrogate model based on a Kriging approach is proposed for a case study of an unanchored tank, whose calibration is performed on a three-dimensional finite element (3D FE) model using a reliable design of experiments (DOE) method. The verification of the 3D FE model is also done through a shaking table campaign. The outcomes show the effectiveness of the proposed model to build fragility curves at a low computational cost of the critical damage state of the tank, i.e., the plastic rotation of the shell-to-bottom joint.
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Nakashima, Teruhiro, and Tomoyo Taniguchi. "A Numerical Study of Uplift Motion of Flat-Bottom Cylindrical Shell Model Tank Subjected to Harmonic Excitation." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25378.
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In analyzing the rocking motion of unanchored flat-bottom cylindrical shell tanks, the fluid-structure interaction and the impact between the tank bottom plate and tank foundation should be treated adequately. Employing harmonic excitation, this paper examines the applicability of the explicit FE-Analysis technique for analyzing the rocking motion of a flat-bottom cylindrical shell tank model. Since the tank model possesses a thick and elastic bottom plate, the model tank pivots upon from an edge of the bottom plate to another edge of that reciprocally. The rocking motion of the model tank to the harmonic excitation is numerically computed and the uplift displacement of the tank is compared with experimental result. Agreement between the numerical and experimental results implies that the explicit FE-Analysis is capable of analyzing the rocking motion of cylindrical shell tanks subjected to the earthquake excitation.
Reports on the topic "Tans Model"
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JULYK, L. J., and T. C. MACKEY. DEVELOPMENT OF ANSYS FINITE ELEMENT MODELS FOR SINGLE SHELL TANK (SST) & DOUBLE SHELL TANK (DST) TANKS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/812337.
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Duignan, M. R. Enhanced Waste Tank Level Model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6012089.
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Duignan, M. R. Enhanced Waste Tank Level Model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/8707.
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Shen, Bo. Development of Wrapped-Tank Condenser Model (Round Tube and Microchannel), Coupled with Water Tank Model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1564229.
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McLaren, J. M. Ferrocyanide safety program: Updated thermal analysis model for ferrocyanide tanks with application to Tank 241-BY-104. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10118690.
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Sneck, Henry J. Main Battle Tank Flexible Gun Tube Disturbance Model: Three-Segment Model. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada408136.
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JULYK, L. J., and T. C. MACKEY. ANSYS PARAMETRIC MODEL FOR TANK DST-AY. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/812336.
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LEE, SI. Tank 5 Model for Sludge Removal Analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/835095.
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Fox, Jay A., and Cynthia R. Gautier. Model Tank Reflectance Study at Two Wavelengths. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada225468.
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Shapovalov, Yevhenii B., Viktor B. Shapovalov, Roman A. Tarasenko, Stanislav A. Usenko, and Adrian Paschke. A semantic structuring of educational research using ontologies. [б. в.], June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4433.
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This article is devoted to the presentation of the semantic interoperability of research and scientific results through an ontological taxonomy. To achieve this, the principles of systematization and structuration of the scientific/research results in scientometrics databases have been analysed. We use the existing cognitive IT platform Polyhedron and extend it with an ontology-based information model as main contribution. As a proof-of-concept we have modelled two ontological graphs, “Development of a rational way for utilization of methane tank waste at LLC Vasylkivska poultry farm” and “Development a method for utilization of methane tank effluent”. Also, for a demonstration of the perspective of ontological systems for a systematization of research and scientific results, the “Hypothesis test system” ontological graph has created.