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V.P, Visanthi. "FULL ADDER CIRCUIT DESIGN WITH LOW POWER AND HIGH SPEED AT 0.25µM CMOS TECHNOLOGY USING TANNER EDA." International Journal Of Trendy Research In Engineering And Technology 07, no. 01 (2023): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54473/ijtret.2023.7109.
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A CMOS Full Adder is designed using Tanner EDA Tool based on 0.25µm CMOS Technology. In the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), the full adder cell is one of the most frequently utilized digital circuit components and the fundamental functional unit of all computational circuits. Right now, a lot of work has been done to improve the architecture and functionality of full adder circuit designs. In this research, two innovative 1-bit full adder cell designs are developed using ten transistors and 0.25mm CMOS technology (10-T). Tanner software tools will be used in the design of the CMOS full adder to simulate the schematic and layout as well as compare the schematic and layout for the purpose of determining precise design limitations. As part of this, we are going to perform the simulation of the CMOS full adder using T-SPICE of Tanner EDA and its layout design using the Microwind tool. The parameters such as power consumption, Area, Propagation Delay, and Power Delay Product (PDP) are evaluated to analyze the proposed one-bit full adder
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Nagpara, Bharat H. "A 45 nm 6 Bit Low Power Current Steering Digital to Analog Converter Using GDI Logic." TELKOMNIKA Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering 16, no. 1 (October 1, 2015): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/tijee.v16i1.1586.
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<p><strong><em> </em></strong>In this paper, The Design and Implementation low power Current Steering Digital to Analog Converter in 45 nm technology using GDI Logic using TANNER TOOL, V15 is presented. This architecture gives the most optimized results in terms of speed, resolution and power. The designed 6-bit DAC operates with two supply voltages, 1 V and 3.3 V. The simulation result shows the transient analysis waveforms of current Steering DAC. The average power dissipation is 364.06 μW. The tool used for simulation is Tanner S-Edit and T-Spice. Comparisons show that using GDI logic, it consists low power as compare to the CMOS logic.</p>
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., Harsh Raj. "POWER ANALYSIS OF 4T SRAM BY STACKING TECHNIQUE USING TANNER TOOL." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 03, no. 07 (July 25, 2014): 164–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2014.0307028.
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Ernst, Andreas, Lea Lykke B. Lauridsen, Nis Brix, Camilla Kjersgaard, Jørn Olsen, Erik T. Parner, Niels Clausen, Lars Henning Olsen, and Cecilia H. Ramlau-Hansen. "Self-assessment of pubertal development in a puberty cohort." Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism 31, no. 7 (July 26, 2018): 763–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2018-0178.
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Abstract Background We evaluated the inter-rater agreement between self-assessed Tanner staging and clinical examination and the intra-individual agreement of self-assessed information on various puberty markers in late adolescents from the longitudinal nationwide Puberty Cohort, a sub-cohort of the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC). Methods We invited 715 children from the ongoing Puberty Cohort between June 2016 and January 2017. In total, 366 children (51%) returned an add-on questionnaire identical to the questionnaire used to collect information on puberty markers, including Tanner staging, in the Puberty Cohort. Of these, 197 (54%) also participated in a clinical examination with Tanner staging. We used percentage agreement and weighted kappa statistics to evaluate the inter-rater and intra-individual agreement. Results Due to late entry, more than 75% of children were Tanner stage 4 or above at clinical examination. In girls, the inter-rater agreement for pubic hair and breast staging was 54% and 52%, respectively, yielding weighted kappas of fair strength. In boys, pubic hair and genital staging agreed in 55% and 33%, respectively, corresponding to weighted kappas of fair to moderate strength. Boys tended to underestimate genitalia staging consistently. The intra-individual agreement on Tanner staging was 75–77% in girls and 69% in boys, whereas the intra-individual agreement on axillary hair and acne was above 92%. Conclusions Self-assessment of late stages of pubertal development may be misclassified, leading to random errors in studies of puberty timing. However, self-assessment continues to serve as an important time- and cost-saving tool in large prospective puberty cohorts.
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Cheuiche, Amanda Veiga, Letícia Guimarães da Silveira, Iara Regina Siqueira Lucena, Marcia Puñales, Fabiola Costenaro, Cristiane Kopacek, Sandra Pinho Silveiro, and Leila Pedroso de Paula. "Doppler Assessment of the Uterine Arteries for the Definition of Pubertal Onset in Girls." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): A666. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1359.
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Abstract Pelvic ultrasonography (US) is a quick, non-invasive and low-cost method, and doppler analysis facilitates assessment of flow impedance measurement in the uterine vascular tree. The pulsatility index (PI) reflects blood flow impedance in the vessel distal to the sampling point and has been suggested as a parameter to define pubertal development. In order to evaluate the PI and US measurements of uterus and ovaries in girls with different pubertal stages, we performed a cross-sectional study in girls with normal pubertal development. US and Doppler assessed PI of the uterine arteries (defined as the difference between the peak systolic flow and end-diastolic flow divided by the mean maximum flow velocity), endometrial thickness, uterine and ovarian volumes were evaluated. All the US exams were performed with the same equipment by the same radiologist. Clinical data such as the age of menarche, pubarche and thelarche were recorded. Statistical analyses were performed in SPSS, with ANOVA test, Spearman correlation and ROC curve with Youden. One hundred and sixty-nine girls aged 5-16 years (mean 11.3 ± 1.8) who performed two hundred and two pelvic US were included (Tanner 1=20%, Tanner 2=22%, Tanner 3=23%, Tanner 4=17%, Tanner 5=17%). Mean age of thelarche, pubarche and menarche were 11.1 ± 1.8, 10.2 ± 1.2 and 12.2 ± 1.1 years respectively. Prepubertal girls (Tanner 1) had mean PI significantly higher than girls in initial puberty (Tanner 2 and 3 grouped) and in late puberty (Tanner 4 and 5 grouped), respectively 6.5 ± 2.27 vs. 4.15 ± 1.55 vs. 2.82 ± 1.06, p<0.001 for all the comparisons. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the PI is able to identify the onset of puberty with an area under the curve of 0.80 ± 0.04, P<0.001, and a cutoff point of IP=5.05 presented a sensitivity of 0.77 and a specificity of 0.80 to identify the onset of puberty. When we combined the cutoffs of IP <5.05 plus uterine volume >3.75 cm³, we found a sensitivity of 0.72 and specificity of 0.90 to detect puberty. We identified a strong negative correlation between PI and uterine volume (rs=-0.72, p<0.001) and a moderate negative correlation with endometrial thickness (rs=-0.68, p<0.001) and right (rs=-0.60, p<0.001) and left (rs=-0.59, p<0.001) ovarian volumes. In conclusion, we found a significant reduction of the PI during pubertal development, reflecting a progressive increase in blood flow to the uterus, which can be a valuable non-invasive and highly specific tool to confirm the onset of puberty.
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Juckett, Lisa, Elizabeth Schmidt, Hillary Richardson, Elizabeth G. Hunter, Susan Cahill, Deborah Lieberman, Kelly Jane Tanner, and Aimee Piller. "Translating Evidence to Practice: Development and Dissemination of AOTA’s Knowledge Translation Toolkit." American Journal of Occupational Therapy 76, Supplement_1 (July 1, 2022): 7610510019p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2022.76s1-rp19.
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Abstract Date Presented 03/31/2022 AOTA’s Knowledge Translation (KT) Tool Kit is designed to support practitioners’ use of evidence in routine practice. The purpose of this presentation is to (1) share survey findings representing the KT needs of more than 800 OT practitioners, (2) describe the development of the KT Tool Kit on the basis of practitioner needs, (3) share tool kit resources, and (4) present examples of how the KT Tool Kit can optimize the delivery of evidence-based care. Primary Author and Speaker: Lisa Juckett Additional Authors and Speakers: Kelly Jane Tanner, Aimee Piller Contributing Authors: Elizabeth Schmidt, Hillary Richardson, Elizabeth G. Hunter, Susan Cahill, Deborah Lieberman
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Goel, Chakshu, Puneet Jain, and Gurjeevan Singh. "Design and Simulation of Low power CMOS Adder Cell at 180nm using Tanner Tool." International Journal of Computer Applications 62, no. 16 (January 18, 2013): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/10166-4958.
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Rajasekar, B., and K. Ashokkumar. "Low Power 4×4 Bit Multiplier Design Using DADDA, WALLACE Algorithm and Gate Diffusion Input Technology Kotha Vinil Kumar Reddy, Kondamuri Venkata Bala Manikanta Abhinav,." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 16, no. 8 (August 1, 2019): 3359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2019.8220.
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We designed two different multipliers in order to reduce the power consumption, propagation delay and also area occupied by the multiplier. Previously there is a multiplier using DADDA algorithm that consumes high power and propagation delay also more in order to overcome that problems we designed multiplier using WALLACE algorithm. This multiplier can overcome those drawbacks. For more efficient multiplier we used GDI (Gate Diffusion Input) technology used along with the WALLACE algorithm. This model has been designed using Tanner EDA tool.
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Ms. Amruta Bijwar. "CMRR Boosted Instrumentation Amplifier for Biomedical Application." International Journal of New Practices in Management and Engineering 2, no. 04 (December 31, 2013): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijnpme.v2i04.21.
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This research paper discusses about a design of an amplifier for its use in an Analog Front End for Biomedical signal acquisition. The design of an AFE is also specific to the signal of interest. This paper deals with the design of an Analog Front End using 180nm process. An amplifier is a key component of an AFE. For instrumentation amplifier to satisfy theoretical results the OPAMP used must be close to ideal. The simulations are performed using TANNER EDA tool.
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Rafferty SJ, Oliver P. "Rowan Williams’ Ecumenical Theology: a Response to Dame Mary Tanner." Ecclesiology 8, no. 2 (2012): 184–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/174553112x630453.
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Rowan Williams is among the best and most perceptive contemporary theologians in the English speaking world. Given his position as Archbishop of Canterbury, he is of necessity caught-up in the quest for Christian unity. His ecumenical theology can be discerned, however, not only in his directly ecumenical writings and speeches as Archbishop but also in his general theological approach. He emphasises Eucharist and baptism and whilst these may seem commonplace in ecumenical dialogue, nevertheless his analysis of the implications of baptism for believers offers something genuinely new in ecumenical thinking about the status of the baptised. Despite the difficulties in the present state of relations between the Anglican Communion and the Roman Catholic Church, Dr Williams’ theology does offer a hermeneutical tool that, if followed consistently by both churches, might enable the question of reunion to be placed in a different context, although of itself it cannot resolve the new problems that have been placed as obstacles on the road to corporate reunion.
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Gyawali, Yadu Prasad, and Mohit Angurala. "Design of Frequency Divider (FD/2 and FD 2/3) Circuits for a Phase Locked Loop." International Journal on Future Revolution in Computer Science & Communication Engineering 8, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijfrcsce.v8i1.2103.
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This paper reports on three design of Frequency Divider (FD/2) and Frequency Divider (FD 2/3) circuits. Tanner EDA tool developed on 130nm CMOS technology with a voltage supply of 1.3 V is used to build, model, and compare all circuits. For the FD/2 circuit, E-TSPC Pass Transistor logic uses 1.77 µW, whereas TSPC logic consumes 5.57 µW for the FD 2/3 circuit. It implies that the TSPC logic is the best solution since it meets the speed and power consumption requirements.
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K.G, Dharani. "Design of Low Power and Area Efficient 8 Bit USR Using mGDI Technology." International Journal of Computer Communication and Informatics 3, no. 2 (October 30, 2021): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/ijcci2123.
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Technology is growing at a faster rate after the evolution of VLSI, which mainly focuses on three major criteria-speed, area and power. All these criteria determine the compactness of a product in order to produce an efficient output at a higher rate by consuming less power. To achieve the above-mentioned factors, an efficient 8-bit Universal Shift Register (USR) has been designed using modified Gate Diffusion Input (mGDI) technique. The results have been simulated using the TANNER EDA tool and found to contribute for low power and area.
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Prof. Shweta Jain. "Design and Analysis of Low Power Hybrid Braun Multiplier using Ladner Fischer Adder." International Journal of New Practices in Management and Engineering 6, no. 03 (September 30, 2017): 07–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijnpme.v6i03.59.
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Multiplier is important in many DSP systems and in many hardware blocks. Multiplier are used in various DSP application like digital filtering, digital communication. This needs parallel array multiplier to attain high speed for execution and better performance. A specific array multiplier is implemented known as Braun design. Braun multiplier is the one which is a kind of parallel multiplier. It contains different CSA count of AND gates. Braun multiplier employing Ripple Carry Adder is developed here having high speed PPA. It will reduce the delay and implemented using Tanner EDA tool.
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Selvan, S. Tamil, and M. Sundararajan. "Design and implementation of CNTFET based ternary 1x1 memories." International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) 8, no. 3 (November 1, 2019): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijres.v8.i3.pp175-184.
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In this paper presented Design and implementation of CNTFET based Ternary 1x1 RAM memories high-performance digital circuits. CNTFET Ternary 1x1 SRAM memories is implement using 32nm technology process. The CNTFET decresase the diameter and performance matrics like delay,power and power delay, The CNTFET Ternary 6T SRAM cell consists of two cross coupled Ternary inverters one is READ and another WRITE operations of the Ternary 6T SRAM cell are performed with the Tritline using HSPICE and Tanner tools in this tool is performed high accuracy. The novel based work can be used for Low Power Application and Access time is less of compared to the conventional CMOS Technology. The CNTFET Ternary 6T SRAM array module (1X1) in 32nm technology consumes only 0.412mW power and data access time is about 5.23ns.
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Singh, Shiwani, Tripti Sharma, K. G. Sharma, and B. P. Singh. "9T Full Adder Design in Subthreshold Region." VLSI Design 2012 (March 11, 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/248347.
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This paper presents prelayout simulations of two existing 9T and new proposed 9T full adder circuit in subthreshold region to employ in ultralow-power applications. The proposed circuit consists of a new logic which is used to implement Sum module. The proposed design remarkably reduces power-delay product (PDP) and improves temperature sustainability when compared with existing 9T adders. Therefore, in a nut shell proposed adder cell outperforms the existing adders in subthreshold region and proves to be a viable option for ultralow-power and energy-efficient applications. All simulations are performed on 45 nm standard model on Tanner EDA tool version 13.0.
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Hari Kishore, K., K. DurgaKoteswara Rao, G. Manvith, K. Biswanth, and P. Alekhya. "Area, power and delay efficient 2-bit magnitude comparator using modified gdi technique in tanner 180nm technology." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.8 (March 19, 2018): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.8.10413.
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Of late, low power configuration took shape into the mostimportant concentrations in designing the latest VLSI circuits. By considering the same at the maximum priority, another outline of two-bit GDI based Magnitude or Digital Comparator are recommended and actualized with the assistance of Modified GDI transistors. Comparators are building blocks in advanced VLSI configuration circuits. In the current patterns the necessity for occupying less area in chip and low power compact devices. In this paper we introduced another Magnitude Comparator which willutilize low power, and gives a quick results and occupying less chip area in Modified GDI technology. The modified GDI procedure dependent extent comparator has favorable position of less control utilization as for different outline parameters; few on-chip zones secured as small number of transistors are utilized in circuit configuration when related with traditional CMOS size comparator. Either of the circuits is outlined and executed utilizing Tanner EDA Tool version 16.0 at 180nm processing technologies.
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Campisi, Susan C., Khadija N. Humayun, Yaqub Wasan, Sajid Soofi, Muhammad Islam, Wendy Lou, Ashley Vandermorris, Olle Söder, and Zulfiqar A. Bhutta. "Self-assessed puberty is reliable in a low-income setting in rural Pakistan." Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism 33, no. 9 (September 25, 2020): 1191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2020-0246.
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AbstractObjectivesStaging sexual maturation is an integral component of adolescent research. The Pubertal Development Scale (PDS) is commonly used as a puberty self-assessment tool because it avoids the use of images. Among the youth living in rural Pakistan, we determined the accuracy of self-reported pubertal assessments using a modified PDS compared to the ‘gold standard’ of physically assessed Tanner stages by a physician.MethodsThe strength of agreement between self-assessed puberty using a modified PDS and the ‘gold’ standard of physician-assessed Tanner stages was reported using weighted kappa (κw) for girls (n = 723) of 9.0–14.9 years of age or boys (n = 662) of 10.0–15.9 years of age living in the rural District of Matiari.ResultsAgreement between the gold standard and self-assessment for puberty was substantial, with a κw of 0.73 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.67; 0.79) for girls and a κw of 0.61 (95% CI: 0.55; 0.66) for boys. Substantial agreement was observed for both boys and girls classified as thinness but only for girls with a normal body mass index. Those who were classified as severely thin had moderate agreement. The prevalence of overestimation was 18.5% (95% CI: 15.9–21.5) for girls and 2.7% (95% CI: 1.7–4.3) for boys, while the prevalence of underestimation estimation was 8.0% (95% CI: 6.2–10.2) for girls and 29.0% (95% CI: 25.8–32.6) for boys.ConclusionsMost girls and boys assessed their pubertal development with substantial agreement with physician assessment. Girls were better able to assess their puberty, but they were more likely to overestimate. Agreement for boys was also substantial, but they were more likely to underestimate their pubertal development. In this rural Pakistan population, the PDS seems to be a promising tool for self-assessed puberty.
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Tanner, B. K., and M. J. Hill. "X-Ray Double Crystal Diffractometry of Multiple and Very Thin Heteroepitaxial Layers." Advances in X-ray Analysis 29 (1985): 337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800010430.
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The intense interest in production of heteroepitaxial quaternary structures of Gax In1-x Asy p1-y on InP for electro-optical telecommunications systems has Stimulated development of non-destructive techniques for their analysis. One of the most important is double axis X-ray diffractometry, a technique originally developed in the 1920s but only now coming into widespread use as a routine assessment tool. The basic theory is well treated by James and discussion of alignment errors are found in references cited by Fewster in a paper describing alignment procedures for the automated diffractometer manufactured by Bede Scientific Instruments of Durham, The application to III-V systems has been discussed by Tanner, Barnett and Bill.
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Dakay, Daryl, Faith Tangcalagan, Emilio Villanueva III, Joshua Abejero, and Gerard Saranza. "Cross-cultural validation of the Cebuano version of a screening questionnaire for Parkinson's disease." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 80, no. 12 (December 2022): 1239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1758652.
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Abstract Background In the Philippines, the exact prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) has not yet been determined. Although cases can be extrapolated from medical registries, this method may undermine actual case rates. A reliable screening tool for PD is essential for a timely diagnosis and community-based epidemiological studies. The most widely used screening questionnaire for PD diagnosis was developed by Tanner et al., which consists of nine questions about the motor symptoms of PD. Although this questionnaire has been translated to several languages, the translated version must be validated for use in our local setting. Objective To determine the validity of the Cebuano version of a PD screening questionnaire. Method The questionnaire was translated from English to Cebuano by a hired language specialist. Each item was supplied with a yes, no, or don't know answer. A total of 73 patients with PD and 244 control subjects completed the study. Results The overall Cronbach alpha for internal consistency of the questionnaire was 0.9410. The item on tremor had the highest sensitivity (97.26%), while the item on problems with buttoning had the highest specificity (100.00%). A cut-off score ≥ 3 obtained the best Youden index (99.18%), with a sensitivity of 100.00% and a specificity of 99.18%. The questionnaire had an almost perfect predictive ability to diagnose PD (AUC of 0.9994). Conclusion The translated version of the Tanner questionnaire is a validated instrument to identify PD in a literate Cebuano population.
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Delgado Algarra, Emilio José. "Claves de la prosodia japonesa y análisis didáctico - técnico de OJAD (Online Japanese Accent Dictionary)." Journal of New Approaches in Educational Research 6, no. 1 (January 15, 2016): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7821/naer.2016.1.134.
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<p class="AbstractText">Most of the studies focus on the teaching of foreign languages indicate that little attention is paid to the prosodic features both didactic materials and teaching-learning processes (Martinsen, Avord and Tanner, 2014). In this context and throughout this article, an analysis of the didactical and technical dimensions of OJAD (Japanese Accent Online Dictionary) is performed, linked to a project of the National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics led by Minematsu (University of Tokyo). With the collection of data and information through an adaptation of the CEETP "Questionnaire for the Evaluation of Didactical, Technical and Pedagogical aspects of Educational Websites" by Cabello, Martinez-Segura and García Sánchez (2013) and supported by studies and researches of the responsible teams, it is performed an analysis of the web that allows us to highlight its positive and to be reviewed aspects from an educational point of view. OJAD is an accessible and systematic tool linked to the didactic of Japanese language, with a great potential regarding the searching criteria and adaptation to the user tool.</p>
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L, Saranya, Abinaya Inbamani, Nivedita A, and Arulanantham D. "Power Reduction in 4T DRAM Cell Using Low Power Topologies." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 5569–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.5569ecst.
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In today’s world there is a high demand in the development of VLSI circuits. The designers are paying attention to designing a good performance with zero hunger circuits in terms of power. At present, to design a high speed and a low cost device is becoming a major challenge for designers. In order to enlarge the demand of VLSI, CMOS technology plays a fundamental role. Dynamic Random Access Memory is the volatile memory, which is used in wide ranges of electronic based gadget applications. In this paper, the low power techniques like sleep transistor logic and Self Voltage Controllable Logic (SCVL) are implemented. A 4T DRAM cell using these low power logics has been designed and implemented. The power has been analyzed at 90nm technology. The simulation is done using the Tanner 13.1.EDA tool.
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Reddy, M. Devendra, and P. Dass. "Construction of pMos Logic based Low Power High Speed Comparator Compare with nMos Logic." Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences 36, no. 1 (June 29, 2021): 635–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/alinteri/v36i1/ajas21090.
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Aim: The aim of this work is to construct an innovative pMos logic based comparator and analyze the power consumption and compare with the nMos logic based comparator. Material and methods: The comparator is designed by using the Tanner tool version 16.01 for simulation and verification. By varying the length of a transistors in a circuit the power values were obtained. This experiment is performed for 20 different values of length. Results: The power consumption of a pMos logic based comparator was minimum (2.2656 ± 0.37933), followed by the nMos logic based comparator (7.7494 ± 0.41603), the less power consumption seen in pMos logic based comparator significance (.955). Conclusion: The consumption of power by the constructed pMos logic based comparator appears to have less power consumption than the nMos logic based comparator.
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Sahithi, P., K. Hari Kishore, E. Raghuveera, and P. Gopi Krishna. "Design of voltage level shifter for power-efficient applications using 45nm technology." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.8 (March 19, 2018): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.8.10339.
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The paper describes a voltage level shifter for power efficient applications which is simulated in tanner spice tool using 45nm technology. The conservative voltage level shifter is designed by using 6 transistors. The voltage level shifter cell generally used for shifting the voltage range of the signal from one voltage domain to another. This is required when the chip operate at multiple voltage domains. The circuit parameters like leakage voltage and average power dissipation are calculate for this circuit. Mainly level shifter consists of two voltage levels. One is low logic supply voltage (VDDL) another one is high logic supply voltage (VDDH). The simulation results of proposed level shifter with Wilson current mirror by 45nm technology for the input frequency of 1MHZ, the power dissipation of 0.177nW with 3db gain of 9.78.
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Kapse, Vinod, Bhavana Jharia, S. S. Thakur, and C. P. Gupta. "Design of Analog Fuzzy Controller for Autonomous Mobile Robot." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 25, no. 03 (May 22, 2017): 477–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488517500209.
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The analog fuzzy intelligent controllers for autonomous mobile robot to avoid static and dynamic obstacles in its local environment are presented. The controller designed for the robot is reconfigurable in nature in terms of number of rules in database i.e. flexibility for online rule change as per the frequency of obstacle in the local environment. The controller is proposed with adjustable membership function in terms of shape and degree of overlapping with dynamic rule base. New accurate MAX and MIN circuits are introduced. The controller is simulated using Tanner® tool. The two-input single-output fuzzy controller with 25 rules is implemented in 0.25µm CMOS technology. The maximum delay was found to be 9.915ns for the processing of 25 rules and the value of FLIPS was found to be 100.85 MFLIPS.
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Gajawada, Varun sai, and Mohana J. "Construction of CMOS Logic Double Tail Comparator for Lower Power Consumption Compared with Dynamic Comparator." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 13873–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.13873ecst.
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The aim of the study is to construct and analyze innovative CMOS based double tail comparators and compare them with a dynamic comparator using VLSI technology. Materials and methods: The comparator is designed by using the tanner tool for simulation and verification. By varying the length of a transistors the power values were obtained. There are two groups in the study. CMOS double tail comparator is the experimental group and dynamic tail comparator is the control group. This experiment is performed for 20 different values of length. Results: The power consumption of a CMOS logic double tail comparator is 0.38035 followed by the dynamic comparator is 0.4934. Insignificance of 0.150 was obtained which is greater than (p<0.05). Conclusion: The consumption of power by the constructed CMOS logic double tail comparator appears to be less than dynamic double tail comparator.
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Deslippe, Alysha, and Tamara Cohen. "A Study Protocol for the EATing in a GENdered World (EatGen) Study." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 1138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac072.010.
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Abstract Objectives This study will explore the development of a gender inclusive food literacy program targeting teens. To do this, three objectives will be investigated: 1. Teens’ perception of how social influences (parents, peers and the media), cognitive factors (motivation and self-efficacy), and gender norms influence eating; 2. Consider if social influences become more prominent following the onset of puberty; and 3. Evaluate whether targeting gender specific pressures improves the outcomes of a food literacy programs among teens. Methods Twenty structured one-on-one interviews will be used to explore teens’ perspectives of how gender norms, cognitive factors and social influences impact eating (objective 1). Teen participants (13–18 years) will be recruited from a single school in Vancouver (BC, Canada). Data will be used to inform the variables of interest to include in a larger cross-sectional survey for teens from across Canada (n = 300). The survey will collect information on teens’ eating practices, Tanner stage of development, self-efficacy, and motivation to further explore the role how social pressures for eating practices may change following puberty (objective 2). Findings from objectives 1 and 2 will guide the development of a 50-hr gender inclusive food literacy tool that aims to improve teens functional, relational and systems competencies (i.e., food literacy skills). Results Qualitative results will be analyzed for emerging higher order themes (objective 1). Themes will be described by teens’ self-reported gender and biological sex. Quantitative findings from cross-sectional surveys will be analysed by sex and gender as well using t-tests or chi-squared tests. Differences based on Tanner stage of development will also be considered (objective 2). The food literacy tool will be piloted in 30 teens in a pre-post design (3 months) to investigate if teens’ food literacy skills (i.e., functional, relational and systems competencies) change favorably (objective 3). Conclusions Findings from this work will help clarify how gender-based mechanisms influence teens’ eating practices. This knowledge will aid in the development of gender inclusion food literacy programs for teens Funding Sources This work is a part of A Deslippe's doctoral dissertation. Her studies are funded by the University of British Columbia.
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Gupta, Akhlesh, and Ashwani K. Rana. "Comparative Analysis of Single-Phase-Clocked Low Power Flip-Flops with Transmission-Gate Flip-Flop." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2325, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2325/1/012015.
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Abstract Flip-flops are fundamental building block in designing the digital circuits. They contribute significant amount of power consumption in the digital systems. In the modern era of VLSI design, power consumption has become crucial factor. As the technology is scaled down below 65nm, leakage power contributes significantly to overall power consumption of digital circuits. Since, Flip-flop is a fundamental building block in designing digital systems, reducing the power consumption of Flip-flop is required to achieve low power consumption of digital systems. Recently single-phase clocking technique has been employed in designing FFs to achieve low power consumption. This technique reduces excess loading on the clock signal. In this article performance of recent single-phase clocked FFs is compared with the conventional transmission-gate Flip-flop. Also, drawbacks of these FFs are discussed. For the comparison of performance of single-phase-clocked FFs with conventional transmission-gate FF, all the simulations are performed at 45-nm predictive technology on Tanner EDA tool.
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Vidhyia, M. "Reordering of Test Vectors Using Weighting Factor Based on Average Power for Test Power Minimization." Asian Journal of Electrical Sciences 4, no. 2 (November 5, 2015): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajes-2015.4.2.1950.
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Power consumption is one of the biggest challenges in high performance VLSI design and testing. Low power VLSI circuits dissipate more power during testing when compared with that of normal operation. Dynamic power has been the dominant part of power dissipation in CMOS circuits; however, in future technologies the static portion of power dissipation will outreach the dynamic portion. The proposed approach is based on a reordering of test vectors in the test sequence to minimize the switching activity of the circuit using test application. In this paper weighted switching activity is derived based on the average power consumed in the logic gates during all possible event conditions. Since this weighted switching activity is based on the power, which gives more accurate results. The proposed algorithm is implemented and verified using ISCAS85 benchmark circuits. Power is estimated for the circuits using Tanner EDA tool. The results show that power is reduced significantly over the existing methods
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Meghana, Madabhushi Sai. "Low Power and Fast Full Adder by Exploring New XOR and XNOR Gates." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 20, 2021): 1956–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35286.
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In this project, novel circuits for FULL ADDER are proposed using new XOR or XNOR gates. The conventional design of XOR or XNOR gates shows that the not gate in the schematic has drawbacks. So by investigating advanced XOR or XNOR gates we proposed the schematic design. The proposed schematics are optimized in terms of speed, delay, power and power delay product. We developed six novel hybrid full adder schematics based on exploring new XOR or XNOR gates. Each designed schematics have their specifications of energy consumption, delay, power delay product. To simulate the performance of the proposed designs, we use mentor graphics, tanner tool. The simulation yields a 45-nm CMOS innovation model that focuses on the proposed plans having best speed and power other than the plan of any full adder. The proposed Full Adders has 2-28% increment in consumption of energy and power delay product compared to other design schematics. The proposed hybrid full adders are investigated with voltage 1.8V, speed ,size of transistors, area, power consumption and delay.
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Kassa, Sankit, Neeraj Misra, and Rajendra Nagaria. "Forced stack sleep transistor (FORTRAN): A new leakage current reduction approach in CMOS based circuit designing." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 34, no. 2 (2021): 259–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee2102259k.
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Reduction in leakage current has become a significant concern in nanotechnology-based low-power, low-voltage, and high-performance VLSI applications. This research article discusses a new low-power circuit design the approach of FORTRAN (FORced stack sleep TRANsistor), which decreases the leakage power efficiency in the CMOS-based circuit outline in VLSI domain. FORTRAN approach reduces leakage current in both active as well as standby modes of operation. Furthermore, it is not time intensive when the circuit goes from active mode to standby mode and vice-versa. To validate the proposed design approach, experiments are conducted in the Tanner EDA tool of mentor graphics bundle on projected circuit designs for the full adder, a chain of 4-inverters, and 4- bit multiplier designs utilizing 180nm, 130nm, and 90nm TSMC technology node. The outcomes obtained show the result of a 95-98% vital reduction in leakage power as well as a 15-20% reduction in dynamic power with a minor increase in delay. The result outcomes are compared for accuracy with the notable design approaches that are accessible for both active and standby modes of operation.
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Hamilton, Linda H., William G. Hamilton, Michelle P. Warren, Katy Keller, and Marika Molnar. "Factors Contributing to the Attrition Rate in Elite Ballet Students." Journal of Dance Medicine & Science 1, no. 4 (December 1997): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1089313x9700100402.
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Forty elite female dance students (mean age: 14.92 years) were followed at the School of American Ballet to distinguish the physical and mental factors associated with dropping out of the profession. The dancers were evaluated for injury patterns, eating behavior (EAT-26; food diary), personality (OSIQ-R), menstrual functioning, pubertal development (Tanner stages), and orthopaedic parameters. During the four-year period of this study 55% of the sample stopped dancing. Those in this 55% had a higher rate of injuries and eating problems. Furthermore, deficits on an orthopaedic screening exam accurately predicted dancers who dropped out of training at the advanced level from those who became professionals ( p < 0.009). As a group, dancers with an eating disorder profile had more anatomical deviations that compromise dance technique. These results suggest that classical ballet weeds out students without the right bodies, similar to Darwin's “selection of the fittest.” In addition, ballet dancers may develop eating problems to compensate for a suboptimal technique. The orthopaedic exam is recommended as a useful screening tool in diagnosing potential problems in dancers but is not intended to exclude students from training.
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Okuda, Akinori, Hideki Shigematsu, Hiromasa Fujii, Eiichiro Iwata, Masato Tanaka, Yasuhiko Morimoto, Keisuke Masuda, Yusuke Yamamoto, and Yasuhito Tanaka. "Reliability Comparison between “Distal Radius and Ulna” and “Simplified Tanner–Whitehouse III” Assessments for Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis." Asian Spine Journal 14, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 280–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31616/asj.2019.0162.
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Study Design: This is a retrospective clinical study.Purpose: In this study, we aim to evaluate the reliability of the distal radius and ulna assessment (DRU) and simplified Tanner-Whitehouse III classification (sTW3) in Japanese patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).Overview of Literature: The greatest curvature of a scoliotic spine occurs at peak-height velocity (PHV), which is the time during which an individual’s height increases at the maximum rate. Diagnosing and appropriately treating AIS before PHV is the most effective way in order to prevent unnecessary deterioration of the scoliosis curve. Although it is difficult to detect scoliosis before PHV, DRU and sTW3, which involve evaluations using a left-hand radiograph, have been reported to be effective.Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 54 hands of 40 girls with AIS who visited Nara Medical University Hospital from 2000 to 2015 using previously collected radiographs. The examiners included a spine surgeon and a pediatric orthopedic surgeon, each with over 10 years of experience. The reliability of the DRU and sTW3 was evaluated using the kappa coefficient.Results: The left-hand radiographs of 40 female patients with AIS (mean age, 13.9±1.7 years; N=54 hands) were evaluated by two blinded examiners using the sTW3 and DRU methods. The highest inter-observer and intra-observer reliabilities (kappa, 0.64 and 0.62, respectively) for radius evaluation were determined. Radius evaluation by the DRU showed the highest agreement rate and smallest error between the inter- and intra-observer examinations.Conclusions: The DRU was the most reliable assessment tool, and it has the potential to be useful for precisely determining the stage of skeletal maturity in outpatient clinics.
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GLADWIN, RUBAN, and NEHRU KASTHURI. "ROBUST AND SECURE S-BOX DESIGN WITH GATED HYBRID ENERGY RECOVERY LOGIC (GHERL) FOR IOT APPLICATIONS." DYNA 97, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.6036/10108.
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The smart Internet of Things (IoT) network relies heavily on data transmission over wireless channels. Hence, it should be designed to be robust against the attacks from hackers and antagonists. The confidentiality in IoT devices is directly proportional to the complexity and power consumption. To mitigate these issues, this paper proposes a secure Substitution Box (S-Box) design that is exploited in the IoT for cyber security applications. The S-Box is based on Gated Hybrid Energy Recovery Logic (GHERL) that is an amalgamation of two different techniques as adiabatic logic and power gating. Adiabatic logic is preferred to attain high energy efficiency in practical applications such as portable and handheld devices. Power gating technique is preferred to reduce the leakage power and energy consumption. The proposed GHERL XOR gate and S-Box are implemented with 125nm technology in Tanner EDA tool. The consequences of the experiments exhibits that the novel S-Box design with GHERL XOR decreases the power consumption by 1.76%, 35.26%, 36.81%, 41.01% and reduces the leakage power by 58.54%, 20.27%, 27.38%, 13.63% when compared with the existing techniques such as S-Box with sleep transistor, dual sleep transistor, dual-stack and sleepy keeper approach. Keywords: Adiabatic logic, Power Gating, Internet of Things, S-Box
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Fernandes, Célio, Luís Lima Ferrás, Florian Habla, Olga Sousa Carneiro, and João Miguel Nóbrega. "Implementation of partial slip boundary conditions in an open-source finite-volume-based computational library." Journal of Polymer Engineering 39, no. 4 (March 26, 2019): 377–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2018-0343.
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Abstract This paper reports the implementation of slip boundary conditions in the open-source computational library OpenFOAM. The linear and nonlinear Navier slip laws, which are newly implemented in this paper, can be used both for Newtonian and viscoelastic constitutive models. For the former case, the Couette flow assumption near the wall is employed, and for the latter, the cell-centered extra-stress tensor components are linearly extrapolated to the wall. The validation is performed by comparing the numerical results obtained for Newtonian and simplified Phan-Thien-Tanner constitutive model fluids in Couette and Poiseuille flows, with existing analytical solutions. The results obtained using different slip factors were shown to be in agreement with the analytical solutions, even for the most extreme cases where the slip factor is high enough to induce a plug flow pattern for the velocity field. The newly implemented boundary conditions are also used to study the influence of slip in polymer processing, namely in the production of an extruded profile. The results obtained show that the developed slip boundary conditions are able to deal with complex geometrical problems, and are an important tool to support the search of a balanced flow distribution in the design of profile extrusion dies.
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R, Yashaswini, and Kumar N. Krishna Murthy. "Design and Simulation of 16 Bit ADC." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 7 (July 31, 2023): 1017–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.54790.
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Abstract: In this study, it was looked into how a 16-bit architecture might be used to develop an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) Successive Approximation Register (SAR). The SAR ADC architecture is widely adopted for high-resolution applications because to its ease of use and minimal power requirements. The design also includes a voltage reference, a comparator, a successive approximation register, a sample-and-hold circuit, an analog-to-digital converter (DAC), and other components. A range of design approaches and circuit topologies are employed to maximize performance and satisfy the required criteria. The comparator is intended to properly detect the analogue input voltage and operate at high speeds. A binary search technique is used by the successive approximation register to find the input voltage's digital representation. The design is implemented using 250nm Gate Diffusion Input [GDI] Technology. Simulation and verification are performed using Tanner EDA tool. The results indicate that the proposed 16-bit SAR ADC achieves the desired resolution and meets the specified performance requirements. The ADC exhibits low power consumption, and satisfactory performance. This architecture its applications span across multiple disciplines, encompassing communication systems, scientific instrumentation, and medical imaging, where there is a requirement for accurate ADC conversion.
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Chotipakornkul, Nuntika, Witchuwan Onsoi, Nattakarn Numsriskulrat, Suphab Aroonparkmongkol, Vichit Supornsilchai, and Khomsak Srilanchakon. "The utilization of basal luteinizing hormone in combination with the basal luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone ratio as a diagnostic tool for central precocious puberty in girls." Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism 28, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.6065/apem.2346072.036.
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Purpose: Intravenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone (IV GnRH) testing is the gold standard for confirming a central precocious puberty (CPP) diagnosis. However, this test is not widely available commercially. Therefore, our study aim was to establish cutoff values for basal gonadotropin level and gonadotrophin responses to a 100-μg subcutaneous IV GnRH test that can distinguish between CPP and premature thelarche (PT) to discover a simple method to detect CPP.Methods: Girls between the ages of 6 and 8 years who attended the pediatric endocrinology outpatient clinic at our tertiary hospital between 2019 and 2022 were included in this study. They were evaluated for breast development, and a subcutaneous 100-μg GnRH test was administered by measuring the luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in blood samples at baseline and then 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after injection. CPP is characterized by increased height velocity, advanced bone age, and progression of breast development. The cutoff value for diagnosis of CPP was determined using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.Results: In 86 Thai girls (56 with CPP and 30 with PT), the ROC analysis showed 71.4% and 100% sensitivity and specificity, respectively, for basal LH (cutoff ≥ 0.2 IU/L) plus the basal LH/FSH ratio (cutoff ≥ 0.1). The optimal cutoff values for peak LH (cutoff ≥ 7 IU/L) demonstrated a sensitivity of 94.6% and a specificity of 100%, whereas the LH value at 30 and 60 minutes after injection (cutoff ≥ 6 IU/L) demonstrated sensitivities of 92.9% and 94.6% and a specificity of 100%, respectively Conclusion: Combining the basal LH (cutoff: 0.2 IU/L) and the basal LH/FSH ratio (cutoff: 0.1) can easily and cost-effectively diagnose CPP in a girl in breast Tanner stage II.
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Montazeri-Najafabady, Nima, Mohammad Hossein Dabbaghmanesh, Naeimehossadat Asmarian, and Homeyra Rais Pour. "Age-, Sex-, and Puberty-Associated Reference Intervals for Lipid Profile in Iranian Children and Adolescents." International Journal of Endocrinology 2023 (February 24, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9143234.
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Childhood dyslipidemia is considered a major worldwide health issue. Identification of children with dyslipidemia is notably essential for healthcare providers in establishing and releasing recommendations for the management and prevention of future CVD. In the present study, we provided reference values for the lipid profile from Kawar (a city in the south of Iran) cohort of healthy children and adolescents aged 9–18 years. 472 subjects (234 girls and 238 boys) contributed to the current prospective cohort study using a systematic random sample stratified by age. Fasting lipid levels were measured by enzymatic reagents. Dual-energyX-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to evaluate puberty based on the Tanner stages. LMS Chart Maker and Excel software were used to construct the gender-specific reference plots showing the 3, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90, and 97th percentiles of BMI, cholesterol, TG, HDL, TC, LDL, and non-HDL. The outcomes revealed that concentrations of TC, LDL, and non-HDL were drastically greater in girls as compared to boys. TG increased with age in both genders, while HDL, TC, LDL, and non-HDL declined. We also observed that puberty was associated with higher lipid values in boys and girls except for TG in boys. Our study prepared age- and sex-specific reference intervals for the lipid profile in Iranian children and adolescents. Converted to age and gender percentiles, these reference intervals are expected to serve as an effective and consistent tool for doctors to identify dyslipidemia among children and adolescents.
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McGuirk, Liam, Monica Naparst, Matthew Krasnow, Charanpreet Sasan, Alice Alexandrov, Nicholas Krasnow, Zeyad El-Naghy, Carl Thompson, Shilpa Mehta, and Richard A. Noto. "Pituitary Volume Cutoffs as Another Tool for Determining Growth Hormone Treatment Eligibility." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): A683—A684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1393.
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Abstract Background: The GH stimulation test (GHST) is the gold standard for the diagnosis of GH deficiency (GHD), yet a significant number of short children fail to be diagnosed as GHD. We have speculated that pituitary volume (PV) could be used in conjunction with results from the GHST to diagnose GHD; however, cutoff values for low PVs need to be further explored. Objective: To define a diagnostic cutoff value of PV for determining GH treatment eligibility for patients (PTs) with short stature. Patients and Methods: The database of GHST results at a Pediatric Endocrinology center was queried for PTs aged 6-18 yrs who underwent a GHST, MRI, and blood work between 1/2018 - 6/2019. PTs with relevant comorbidities were excluded. Clonidine and L-dopa were used to induce GH secretion during the GHST. GHD was defined as a peak GH ≤ 10 ng/mL. MRIs were acquired on a Philips 1.5 or 3.0 T scanner (1mm slices) and PV was calculated using the ellipsoid formula (LxWxH/2). 144 PTs were the subjects of this study. ROC curve analysis was utilized to generate cutoff values. PV was used to predict GHD in prepubertal (age < 11 yrs) and pubertal (age > 11 yrs) children. The value with the greatest Youden index (J) was selected as the definitive cutoff. Results: The mean (MN) and median (MD) ages of PTs were 12.2 ± 2.2 and 12.3, respectively. The MN and MD ages of prepubertal PTs (n=43) were 9.4 ± 1.1 and 9.7, respectively. The MN and MD ages of pubertal PTs (n=103) were 13.4 ± 1.4 and 13.2, respectively. Initially, 10 ng/mL was utilized as the cutoff for GHD. For predicting GHD from PV in prepubertal PTs, sensitivity was 89.47% and specificity was 66.67%. The distance to corner was 0.3488, and the highest J was 0.5641, corresponding to a PV of 240.00 mm3. The Area Under the Curve (AUC) was 0.6581 with a standard error (SE) of 0.2429 (p>0.05). For predicting GHD from PV in pubertal PTs, sensitivity was 72.94% and specificity was 81.25%. The distance to corner was 0.3292, and the highest J was 0.5419, corresponding to a PV of 275.00 mm3. The AUC was 0.7901 with a SE of 0.0687 (p<0.05). Further analysis was done to explore the use of 7 ng/mL as the cutoff for GHD. For predicting GHD from PV in prepubertal PTs, sensitivity was 25.00% and specificity was 90.91%. The distance to corner was 0.7555, and the highest J was 0.1591, corresponding to a PV of 133.66 mm3. The AUC was 0.4989 with a SE of 0.0931 (p>0.05). For predicting GHD from PV in pubertal PTs, sensitivity was 57.89% and specificity was 63.64%. The distance to corner was 0.5563, and the highest J was 0.2153, corresponding to a PV of 240.00 mm3. The AUC was 0.6112 with a SE of 0.0584 (p<0.05). Conclusion: PVs ≤ 275.00 mm3 in pubertal PTs should be considered low; however, cutoffs for prepubertal PVs were not significant in this study. To our knowledge, we present the first study to generate a PV cutoff based on the GHST. Future studies including more PTs and tanner staging will further improve the accuracy of PV cutoffs for GHT eligibility.
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Hickey, Matthew S., Charles J. Tanner, D. Sean O’Neill, Lydia J. Morgan, G. Lynis Dohm, and Joseph A. Houmard. "Insulin activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in human skeletal muscle in vivo." Journal of Applied Physiology 83, no. 3 (September 1, 1997): 718–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.83.3.718.
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Hickey, Matthew S., Charles J. Tanner, D. Sean O’Neill, Lydia J. Morgan, G. Lynis Dohm, and Joseph A. Houmard. Insulin activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in human skeletal muscle in vivo. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(3): 718–722, 1997.—The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether insulin-stimulated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) activity is detectable in needle biopsies of human skeletal muscle. Sixteen healthy nonobese males matched for age, percent fat, fasting insulin, and fasting glucose participated in one of two experimental protocols. During an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) protocol, insulin-stimulated PI3-kinase activity was determined from percutaneous needle biopsies at 2, 5, and 15 min post-insulin administration (0.025 U/kg). In the second group, a 2-h, 100 mU ⋅ m−2 ⋅ min−1euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp was performed, and biopsies were obtained at 15, 60, and 120 min after insulin infusion was begun. Insulin stimulated PI3-kinase activity by 1.6 ± 0.2-, 2.2 ± 0.3-, and 2.2 ± 0.4-fold at 2, 5, and 15 min, respectively, during the IVGTT. During the clamp protocol, PI3-kinase was elevated by 5.3 ± 1.3-, 8.0 ± 2.6-, and 2.7 ± 1.4-fold above basal at 15, 60, and 120 min, respectively. Insulin-stimulated PI3-kinase activity at 15 min post-insulin administration was significantly greater during the clamp protocol vs. the IVGTT ( P < 0.05). These observations suggest that insulin-stimulated PI3-kinase activity is detectable in needle biopsies of human skeletal muscle, and furthermore, that the euglycemic, hyperinsulinemic clamp protocol may be a useful tool to assess insulin signaling in vivo.
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Suguna, T., and M. Janaki Rani. "Analysis of Adiabatic Hybrid Full Adder and 32-Bit Adders for Portable Mobile Applications." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 14, no. 05 (April 7, 2020): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v14i05.13343.
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In VLSI, power optimization is the main criteria for all the portable mobile applications and developments because of its impact on system performance. The performance of an adder has significant impact on overall performance of a digital system. Adiabatic logic (AL), a new emerging research domain for optimizing the power in VLSI circuits with high switching activity is discussed, in this paper, for implementing the adder circuits. Various adiabatic logic styles full adder designs are reviewed and multiplexer based hybrid full adder topology is designed and implemented with ECRL and 2PASCL AL styles. Moreover in this paper, 32 bit adders such as Ripple Carry Adder (RCA), Carry Select Adder (CSLA), Carry Save Adder (CSA), Carry Skip Adder (CSKA) and Brent Kung Adder (BKA) are realised using proposed ECRL and 2PASCL adiabatic full adders. All the adders are implemented and simulated using TANNER EDA tool 22nm technology, parameters like power, area, delay and power delay product (PDP) of all the adders are observed at different operating frequencies, with supply voltage of 0.95 v and load capacitance of 0.5 pF. The observed parameters are compared with the existing adiabatic full adder designs and concluded that the proposed adiabatic full adders have the advantages of less power, delay and transistor count. In conclusion ECRL full adder is 31% faster, has equal PDP and less area than 2PASCL full adder. At 1000MHz ECRL 32 bit carry save adder is having less delay among all the 32 bit adder and 65% less PDP than 2PASCL adder and it is concluded that ECRL 32 bit carry save adder can be selected for implementation of circuits that can be used in portable mobile applications.
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Sharath kumar, L Yeshwanth, Nallam Balaji Ram Ganesh, and Voruganti Saketh. "Design of Area efficient comparator architecture using 5T XOR GATE." international journal of engineering technology and management sciences 7, no. 3 (2023): 494–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2023.v07i03.69.
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The use of comparators in computation-based designs is extensive, making optimization crucial. While some comparator designs use dynamic logic to achieve low-power consumption, the limitations of low-speed and poor-noise margin make this approach challenging. The proposed comparator design offers a new solution that is both area-efficient and has a high operating speed while consuming low-power. It was designed using 180nm technology in Tanner Tool, and its results were observed. Overall, this work presents a promising new solution for optimizing digital comparators and improving the efficiency and speed of computation-based designs. This work presents a new solution for optimizing N-bit digital comparators in terms of area, power, and speed. The proposed comparator structure is a clever design that consists of two crucial modules - the comparison evaluation module (CEM) and the final module (FM). The CEM is responsible for evaluating the comparison, and it uses a regular structure of repeated logic cells to implement a parallel prefix tree structure. This approach is independent of input operand bit widths, which makes it highly versatile and adaptable to different applications. The FM, on the other hand, validates the final comparison based on the results obtained from the CEM. This ensures that the final output is accurate and reliable. By utilizing these two modules, the proposed comparator structure is able to achieve high-precision comparisons while maintaining a relatively simple and efficient design. Overall, this comparator structure is a promising development in the field of digital circuit design, and it has the potential to improve the performance and reliability of a wide range electronic systems.
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Cannon, Elaine, and Siobhan Delaney. "117 AusTOMs An Outcome Measure to Determine the Impact of Environmental Adaptations on Functional Performance." Age and Ageing 48, Supplement_3 (September 2019): iii17—iii65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz103.67.
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Abstract Background Occupational Therapists routinely perform pre-discharge home assessment visits. The import of a supportive home environment to successful ageing has been established in the literature (Tanner, Tilse & Desleigh de Jonge, 2008), with housing adaptations and aids recognised as a method of promoting independence within the home (Stark et al, 2009). In this hospital, home assessment visits review functional mobility, functional transfers and assess for environmental barriers within the home. The purpose of this study was to detect any change in functional performance following a pre-discharge home assessment visit and implementation of OT recommended aids/railings or both. The AusTOMs (Australian Therapy Outcome Measures) for Occupational Therapy scale was used as the outcome measurement tool. Methods The study was applied to a cohort of 20 consenting inpatients over 65 years of age. Convenience sampling was used for the purposes of the study. Inclusion criteria comprised of patients that attended a minimum of one pre-discharge OT home assessment visit. It was conducted over a ten week period in 2018. The study was conducted by two occupational therapists (OTs) on the general rehabilitation team. The scale was applied to review the following functional transfers within the home environment on initial home assessment visit and following the implementation of OT recommended aids/railings. 1. Access2. Stairs3. Bed4. Toilet5. Bath/Shower6. Seating Results The group Average AusTOMs Resultant score at initial home assessment was 3.05. The group average score following implementation of recommendations was 4.08. This indicates a change in performance from a Moderate Limitation experience to a Mild Limitation experience. This is reflected in Paired T test results. The two-tailed P value is less than 0.0001. Conclusion The AusTOMs Activity Limitation/Transfer scale indicated there is a positive correlation with the provision of OT recommended aids and equipment at improving functional transfer performance within the home context.
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Zhao, Chun, Ce Zhou Zhao, and Bin Da. "A Novel Technique for Arithmetic Elements Standard Cell Library Establishment Based on Tanner Tools." Advanced Materials Research 569 (September 2012): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.569.273.
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The economic and efficient accomplishment of an application-specific integrated circuit design depends heavily upon the choice of the library. Therefore, it is important to build library that full fills the design requirement. Tanner Tools is a set of software for designing integrated circuits. The great advantage of Tanner is that it can provide a complete circuit design tools in desktop computers. The paper aims to create a standard cell library establishment on the 0.5 micro complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor mixed signal process based on the Tanner Tools.
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P., Bosebabu, Bhargavi A., Vijayalakshmi P., and Surabhi Jyostna Roja R. "VLSI Architecture for Zero Frequency Filter." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 8, no. 2 (2020): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.822014.
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Now a days everyone is using mobile phones. Mobile phones play an important role in communication. While using mobile phones, people face the problem of noise signals. These noise signals are affecting the quality of speech signals. These noise signals maybe produced from the materials or sources such as echoes, crowded places, etc. For example, when we speak over the mobile phone or in any crowded place, the external noise adds up like the noise of the subway, train, car, etc. In real time to remove external noise is a very crucial task. A lot of research has been done in cancelling the background noise reduction. Acoustic noise is a type of noise which can produce unwanted sound and it can be reduced by selecting a higher switching frequency (at the cost of higher inverter losses). So a new technique was introduced called passive noise cancellation that supresses higher frequency acoustic noise. In order to supress the lower frequency, the passive techniques require materials that is too bulky and heavy. For these materials, an alternative method is required known as active noise cancellation. This technique does not come without its change as it is used to actively cancel the noise of the world around you to make your audio come clearer. Active noise cancellation separates noise signal and the speech signal is chosen. In order to use active noise cancellation, we use zero frequency filter technique for the cancellation of noisy speech signals. It is used for detecting the regions of glottal activity and in estimating the strength of excitation n each glottal cycle. The main advantage of active noise cancellation is to cancel the random sounds due to repetition in the waveform. ANC is used in the reduction by using a power source. It is best suited for low frequencies. VLSI architecture for zero frequency filter can be used as a voice processor in mobile applications. The existing system has produced a time delay of 220ps. In this paper, we are reducing the time delay into 120ps by using tanner tool software.
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Wang, Ge, Michael Lee, Chris Serratella, Stanley Botten, Sam Ternowchek, Didem Ozevin, Jack Thibault, and Rex Scott. "Testing of Acoustic Emission Technology to Detect Cracks and Corrosion in the Marine Environment." Journal of Ship Production and Design 26, no. 02 (May 1, 2010): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jspd.2010.26.2.106.
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Real-time monitoring and detection of structural degradation helps in capturing the structural conditions of ships. The latest nondestructive testing (NDT) and sensor technologies will potentially be integrated into future generations of the structural integrity management program. This paper reports on a joint development project between Alaska Tanker Company, American Bureau of Shipping (ABS), and MISTRAS. The pilot project examined the viability of acoustic emission technology as a screening tool for surveys and inspection planning. Specifically, testing took place on a 32-year-old double-hull Trans Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) trade tanker. The test demonstrated the possibility of adapting this technology in the identification of critical spots on a tanker in order to target inspections. This targeting will focus surveys and inspections on suspected areas, thus increasing efficiency of detecting structural degradation. The test has the potential to introduce new inspection procedures as the project undertakes the first commercial testing of the latest acoustic emission technology during a tanker's voyage.
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Artha, Rafika Septia, Dadan Suryana, and Farida Mayar. "E-Comic: Media for Understanding Flood Disaster Mitigation in Early Childhood Education." JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini 14, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 341–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jpud.142.12.
Full textAbstract:
The existence of several early childhood education institutions in Indonesia, such as in the Riau Province region, often faces the risk of catastrophic floods overflowing the Kampar River resulting in casualties. The results of preliminary research found that children lacked insight into flood disaster mitigation, and schools did not have appropriate mitigation programs or media. This study aims to develop a product in the form of an E-Comic to introduce flood disaster mitigation in a practical and effective early childhood education. Research and development procedures in this study using the ADDIE model. The data collection techniques for this study were the results of expert validation, practicality tests, and media effectiveness tests on children aged 5-6 years using the mitigation understanding instrument and descriptive statistical analysis of Aiken's V validation. Flood disaster is very suitable for use in early childhood learning, with the average Aiken's V result by material experts is 89% and media expert is 96%. E-Comic practicality with an average percentage of 85.5% and effectiveness test results with an average value of 90%. It can be concluded that the E-Comic introduction of flood disaster mitigation in Kindergarten children is suitable for use as a learning medium and has a practical and effective quality.
Keywords: E-Comic, Flood Disaster Mitigation
References:
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Zulkifley, Mohd Asyraf, Siti Raihanah Abdani, and Nuraisyah Hani Zulkifley. "Automated Bone Age Assessment with Image Registration Using Hand X-ray Images." Applied Sciences 10, no. 20 (October 16, 2020): 7233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207233.
Full textAbstract:
One of the methods for identifying growth disorder is by assessing the skeletal bone age. A child with a healthy growth rate will have approximately the same chronological and bone ages. It is important to detect any growth disorder as early as possible, so that mitigation treatment can be administered with less negative consequences. Recently, the most popular approach in assessing the discrepancy between bone and chronological ages is through the subjective protocol of Tanner–Whitehouse that assesses selected regions in the hand X-ray images. This approach relies heavily on the medical personnel experience, which produces a high intra-observer bias. Therefore, an automated bone age prediction system with image registration using hand X-ray images is proposed in order to complement the inexperienced doctors by providing the second opinion. The system relies on an optimized regression network using a novel residual separable convolution model. The regressor network requires an input image to be 299 × 299 pixels, which will be mapped to the predicted bone age through three modules of the Xception network. Moreover, the images will be pre-processed or registered first to a standardized and normalized pose using separable convolutional neural networks. Three steps image registration are performed by segmenting the hand regions, which will be rotated using angle calculated from four keypoints of interest, before positional alignment is applied to ensure the region of interest is located in the middle. The hand segmentation is based on DeepLab V3 plus architecture, while keypoints regressor for angle alignment is based on MobileNet V1 architecture, where both of them use separable convolution as the core operators. To avoid the pitfall of underfitting, synthetic data are generated while using various rotation angles, zooming factors, and shearing images in order to augment the training dataset. The experimental results show that the proposed method returns the lowest mean absolute error and mean squared error of 8.200 months and 121.902 months2, respectively. Hence, an error of less than one year is acceptable in predicting the bone age, which can serve as a good supplement tool for providing the second expert opinion. This work does not consider gender information, which is crucial in making a better prediction, as the male and female bone structures are naturally different.
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Reddy, Vamsi Nilay, Gojja Sreedevi, CMS Krishna Prasad, Swaroopa Rani Ponnada, K. Padma Priya, and B. Raveendra Naik. "Objective Evaluation of Cervical Vertebral Bone Age— Its Reliability in Comparison with Hand-Wrist Bone Age: By TW3 Method." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 14, no. 5 (2013): 806–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1407.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study was to establish the validity of a new method for evaluating skeletal maturation by assessing the 3rd and 4th cervical vertebrae seen in the cephalometric radiograph. Materials and methods This study consisted of a sample of 50 patients in the age group of 8 to 14 years of age. Chronologically, they were divided into six groups, based on the age consisting of a minimum of six to a maximum of 10 subjects. All the patients included in the study were females. The selected subjects were clinically examined and then age and date of birth of the patient in years and months was noted. Then lateral cephalograms and hand-wrist radiographs of the patient were taken on the same day with good clarity and contrast. Results The results suggested that cervical vertebral bone age on cephalometric radiographs calculated with this method is as reliable at estimating bone age as is the Tanner-Whitehouse 3 (TW3) method on hand-wrist radiographs. By determining the cervical vertebral bone age, skeletal maturity can be evaluated in a detailed and objective manner with cephalometric radiographs. Conclusion The ability to accurately appraise skeletal maturity from cervical vertebral maturation, without the need for additional radiographs, has the potential to improve orthodontic diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. The technique's simplicity and ease of use should encourage this method as a first level diagnostic tool to assess skeletal maturation. Clinical significance This study revealed that the timing and sequence of ossification of the bones in hand and wrist and cervical vertebrae were able to relate the skeletal development of the various skeletal maturity indicators to a child's development. This method provided a mean with which one can determine the skeletal maturity of a person and thereby determine whether the possibility of potential growth existed. How to cite this article Prasad CMSK, Reddy VN, Sreedevi G, Ponnada SR, Priya KP, Naik BR. Objective Evaluation of Cervical Vertebral Bone Age—Its Reliability in Comparison with Hand-Wrist Bone Age: By TW3 Method. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(5):806-813.
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Wang, Jin Gang, Zhi Cheng Cui, and Li Zhong Liu. "Parameterized and Modular Theory Used in Rapid Design System of Simi-Trailer Tanker." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 1664–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.1664.
Full textAbstract:
In order to improve the quality of semi-trailer tanker design, shorter the development cycle, lower cost, and combine with structural features of its own semi-trailer tanker, the use of modular design theory, a module partition, structural analysis and interface settings and other methods of semi- trailer to the overall structure of tanker design the general framework of semi-trailer tanker. With the UG/OPEN and Microsoft C++6.0 development tools, parameterize the parts of semi-trailer tanker. Developed in the context of the semi-trailer tanker UG rapid design system design module, and verify its feasibility.
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Abbasy, Imran. "Technology Focus: Sand Management (October 2022)." Journal of Petroleum Technology 74, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): 100–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/1022-0100-jpt.
Full textAbstract:
A step change is noticeable in the quality of papers from the previous 2 years. First, the papers have better technical content; second, they are pushing the boundaries of currently accepted technologies and mores. Perhaps this is because of a desire to produce from ever-more-difficult and -challenging wells. The current energy crisis and higher prices as a result have encouraged the application of new technology, which, in a low-energy-price environment, generally takes a back seat. This is a good thing for the technology junkies of this world. A few technology areas are worth mentioning. Although ceramic sand screens have been around for a few years, this year there were more than the usual number of papers on this technology. For those interested in probing the operating limits and life span of these screens, paper OTC 31896 is worth reading. Sand consolidation continues to be a subject of interest, perhaps because of its noninvasive nature. Besides, it is potentially low-cost and has been used widely with success. This year, there were 10 papers on the subject. An interesting paper worthy of mention is SPE 208808, which introduces a novel temperature-activated, “green” consolidation fluid. In paper SPE 207193, the authors propose a fast and accurate machine-learning algorithm to predict the onset of sanding in sandstone formations. The algorithm uses 11 geological and reservoir parameters that directly affect sand production. The answer is binary (i.e., sand production will or will not occur). This could be a great tool for completion engineers. Finally, there was extensive coverage of sand management in the topsides, an area often overlooked. This trend is encouraging. Paper OTC 31554 is thought-provoking. It discusses the first field installation of a patented device that modifies the flow profile to alleviate the impact of solids at critical points. I hope you enjoy the papers. Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org. OTC 31872 Improving Erosion Wear Life of Completion Equipment in High-Flow-Rate Conditions by Numerical Design Optimization for Influx Equalization by Gocha G. Chochua, Schlumberger, et al. SPE 208839 Completion Standardization Using Conformable Sand-Screen Technology in Multilayered Ultrafine Sand Reservoir by Ricardo Gomez Simancas, Cabinda Gulf Oil, et al. SPE 208845 A Comprehensive Review of Sand-Retention Test Methods and Data Analysis With a Focus on Application by Tanner Linden, Constien and Associates, et al.