Academic literature on the topic 'Tank industry Noise'
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Journal articles on the topic "Tank industry Noise"
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Al-Yacouby, Ahmad Mahamad, and Mostafa Mohamed Ahmed. "A Numerical Study on the Effects of Perforated and Imperforate Baffles on the Sloshing Pressure of a Rectangular Tank." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 10 (September 20, 2022): 1335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10101335.
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Sloshing has many industry applications, namely in offshore engineering, aerospace, ship building, and manufacturing. Sloshing simulation is essential to better understand the sloshing pattern and consequently to improve the tank design to reduce noise levels, stresses on the structure, and optimize the baffle configurations and arrangements. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine the effects of perforated (porous) and imperforate (solid) baffles on the sloshing pressure using ANSYS FLUENT software based on Volume of Fluid (VOF) method where a rectangular tank with 25% and 60% filling ratios was considered. In the first case, an unbaffled rectangular tank with 60% filling ratio was used for the validation purpose, while in the second case, a 25% filling ratio was investigated considering two scenarios, namely a unbaffled tank and a baffled tank case with perforated and imperforate baffles. The outcomes of the results indicate that perforated baffle can significantly reduce the sloshing pressure in the tank. The validation of the results also shows a good agreement with the published experimental results.
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Hua, Xia, Alan Thomas, and Kurt Shultis. "Recent progress in battery electric vehicle noise, vibration, and harshness." Science Progress 104, no. 1 (January 2021): 003685042110052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00368504211005224.
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As battery electric vehicle (BEV) market share grows so must our understanding of the noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) phenomenon found inside the BEVs which makes this technological revolution possible. Similar to the conventional vehicle having encountered numerous NVH issues until today, BEV has to face many new and tough NVH issues. For example, conventional vehicles are powered by the internal combustion engine (ICE) which is the dominant noise source. The noises from other sources were generally masked by the combustion engine, thus the research focus was on the reduction of combustion engine while less attention was paid to noises from other sources. A BEV does not have ICE, automatic transmission, transfer case, fuel tank, air intake, or exhaust systems. In their place, there is more than enough space to accommodate the electric drive unit and battery pack. BEV is quieter without a combustion engine, however, the research on vehicle NVH is even more significant since the elimination of the combustion engine would expose many noise behaviors of BEV that were previously ignored but would now seem clearly audible and annoying. Researches have recently been conducted on the NVH of BEV mainly emphasis on the reduction of noise induced by powertrain, tire, wind and ancillary system and the improvement of sound quality. This review paper will focus on recent progress in BEV NVH research to advance the BEV systems in the future. It is a review for theoretical, computational, and experimental work conducted by both academia and industry in the past few years.
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Cai, Wei, and Frank Shi. "2.4 GHZ HETERODYNE RECEIVER FOR HEALTHCARE APPLICATION." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 8, no. 2 (September 17, 2016): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2016v8s2.15214.
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<p class="lead">The objective of this research was to design a basic 2.4 GHz heterodyne receiver for healthcare on a 130um CMOS process. The ultimate goal for the wireless industry is to minimize the trade-offs between performance and cost, and between performance and low power consumption design. In the first part, a low noise amplifier (LNA), which is commonly used as the first stage of a receiver, is introduced and simulated. LNA performance greatly affects the overall receiver performance. The LNA was designed at the 2.4 GHz ISM band, using the cascode with an inductive degeneration topology. The second part of this thesis presents a low power 2.4 GHz down conversion Gilbert Cell mixer. In the third part, a high-performance LC-tank CMOS VCO was designed at 2.4 GHz. The design uses using PMOS cross-coupled topology with the varactor for wider tuning range topology. In the first part, a low noise amplifier (LNA) design reaches the NF of 2 dB, has a power consumption of 2.2 mW, and has a gain of 20dB. The second part of this proposal presents a low power 2.4 GHz down conversion Gilbert Cell mixer. The obtained result shows a conversion gain of 14.6 dB and power consumption of 8.2 mW at a 1.3V supply voltage. In the third part, a high-performance LC-tank CMOS VCO was designed at 2.4 GHz. The final simulation of the phase noise is-128 dBc/Hz, and the tuning range is 2.3 GHz-2.5 GHz while the total power consumption is 3.25 mW.<strong> </strong>The performance of the receiver meets the specification requirements of the desired standard.</p>
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Yaacob, Mohd Muhridza, and Malik Abdulrazzaq Alsaedi. "In Situ Detection and Localization of Partial Discharge Using Acoustic Sensors." Applied Mechanics and Materials 530-531 (February 2014): 316–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.530-531.316.
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The partial discharge (PD) phenomenon is very harmful for electrical appliances and its early detection could be a cost effective approach for the industry. Although many techniques are used for PD detection yet no technique has presented widely acceptable solution. Still the subject needs parallel study of the detection techniques. In this study, partial discharge signal has been captured by the three techniques using fiber optic sensor (FOS), Piezoelectric Sensor (PZT), leakage current (LC) techniques. In these experiments, FOS shows good sensitivity in the range of applied high voltage > 5 kV. The sensitivity and noise level of PD signal was different in these two experiments. The location of a PD was demonstrated in a 500 gallon water tank using convolution method.
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Yalçın, Barıs Can, Muhammet Balcılar, and Ahmet Koyun. "Design and Implementation of Kalman Filter for Fuel Pipe Damping Test Machine Working Based on Variable Frequency Vibration Principle." Measurement and Control 50, no. 9-10 (November 2017): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020294017738196.
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Fuel pipes popularly used in automotive industry applications carry fuel from the fuel tank to the engine and work under variable vibrations having different magnitude and frequency parameters due to the engine’s rotation frequency and road profile’s spontaneous change. Considering that the transfer of the fuel to the engine in the desired way has a crucial importance on the driving performance, any problem that may exist because of the vibrations cannot be acceptable in the pipe assembly. Because of this reason, all manufactured fuel pipes have to be well tested in terms of some industrial standards. The fluid excitement test is a very useful and commonly accepted method in the industry. However, this method produces enormous amount of noise that does not allow to obtain healthy pressure values from the sensors. In this study, Kalman filtering method has been used to interpret the data that have been obtained from the sensors. The usefulness and effectiveness of the proposed Kalman filtering method have been shown and discussed based on the test results.
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Li, Guanru, Lei Pan, Qingsong Hua, Li Sun, and Kwang Y. Lee. "Water Pump Control: A Hybrid Data-Driven and Model-Assisted Active Disturbance Rejection Approach." Water 11, no. 5 (May 22, 2019): 1066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11051066.
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Water pump control, prevalent in various industrial plants, such as wastewater treatment and steam generator facilities, plays a significant role in maintaining economic efficiency and stable plant operation. Due to its slow dynamics, strong nonlinearity, and various disturbances, it is also widely studied as a typical benchmark problem in process control. The current control strategies can be categorized into two aspects: one branch resorts to model-based design and the other to data-driven design. To merge the merits and overcome the deficiencies of each paradigm, this paper proposes a hybrid data-driven and model-assisted control strategy, namely modified active disturbance rejection control (MADRC). The model information regarding water dynamics is incorporated into an extended state observer (ESO), which is used to estimate and mitigate the limitations of slow dynamics, strong nonlinearity, and various disturbances by analyzing the real-time data. The tuning formula is given in terms of the desired closed-loop performance. It is shown that MADRC is able to produce a satisfactory control performance while maintaining a low sensitivity to the measurement noise under general parametric setting conditions. The simulation results verify the clear superiority of MADRC over the proportional-integral (PI) controller and the conventional ADRC, and the results also evidence its noise reduction effects. The experimental results agree well with the simulation results based on a water tank setup. The proposed MADRC approach is able to improve the control performance while reducing the actuator fluctuation. The results presented in this paper offer a promising methodology for the water control loops widely used in the water industry.
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Gubiani, Rino, Michela Vello, Gianfranco Pergher, and Sirio R. C. Cidivino. "SAFETY IN WINE CELLARS: THE SITUATION IN FRIULI-VENEZIA GIULIA, ITALY." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 40, no. 1 (March 31, 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2009.1.1.
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The objective of the present work was to set up a method of analysis of the safety levels in the wine industry, using a check list to carry out a survey on 30 wineries located in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region. The checklist, based on previous studies, included more than 500 items, divided into 5 main areas: A) Buildings and workplaces; B) Machinery; C) Logistics; D) Boiler room, electricity plants and fire prevention systems; E) Noise and vibrations. The classification of each of the items was based on risk frequency and seriousness of damage. In order to obtain a value as a whole, different points were assigned to each of them. The results of this work shows that workers are exposed to a variety of hazards and one of the highest scores is connected to machinery. Some of these accidents occur because machines are used for a purpose for which they are unsuitable; others because security systems have not been provided or have been taken off. Other risk areas are the fuel tank or the exhaust oil stocking room. Indoors, the most hazardous areas are the grape unloading and the workshop one. Another result was that the older wine cellars are the most dangerous. The check list can become an important instrument for prevention and a useful tool to test safety levels of the working environment.
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Tarcsay, Bálint Levente, Ágnes Bárkányi, Tibor Chován, and Sándor Németh. "A Dynamic Principal Component Analysis and Fréchet-Distance-Based Algorithm for Fault Detection and Isolation in Industrial Processes." Processes 10, no. 11 (November 15, 2022): 2409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10112409.
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Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) methodology focuses on maintaining safe and reliable operating conditions within industrial practices which is of crucial importance for the profitability of technologies. In this work, the development of an FDI algorithm based on the use of dynamic principal component analysis (DPCA) and the Fréchet distance δdF metric is explored. The three-tank benchmark problem is studied and utilized to demonstrate the performance of the FDI method for six fault types. A DPCA transformation for the system was established, and fault detection was conducted based on the Q statistic. Fault isolation is also of critical importance for proper intervention to mitigate fault effects. To identify the type of detected faults, the fault responses within the PC subspace were analyzed using the δdF metric. The use of the Fréchet distance metric for the isolation of faults combined with DPCA for feature extraction is a novel technique to the best of the authors’ knowledge that provides a robust computational tool with low computational cost for FDI purposes that fits well into the Industry 4.0 framework.The robustness and sensitivity of the method was validated for a wide variety of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions, with findings indicating a possible average false and missed alarm rate of 0.1 and a macro-averaged F-score above 0.8 in all cases.
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Polyakova, Ekaterina M. "Assessment of the risk of health disorders when working in an open area during the cold period of the year." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology 60, no. 11 (December 3, 2020): 857–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2020-60-11-857-859.
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Introduction. Oil industry workers are exposed to some work environment factors of specific natural and climatic conditions. The aim of study is to conduct an assessment of the group occupational risk of health disorders in the conditions of working in open territories in cold seasons. Materials and methods. The object of the study was workers who carry out labor operations in an open area during cold seasons: operators of a desalting and dehydrating unit, mechanists of compressor units, mechanists for pumping a working agent into the reservoir and repairmen of the oil producing company located in Western Siberia. The assessment of a priori group risk from the impact of industrial noise, exposure to chemicals in the air of the work environment, while body vibration, factors of the work environment and the climate of cold seasons in the conditions of working in open areas and in unheated rooms was carried out according to the combined model of professional risk assessment developed by A.V. Meltser, A.V. Kiselev. Results. We ranked the workplaces of the studied professional groups according to the degree of health hazard. It has been established that the greatest danger, from the point of view of the methodology of professional risk, is the workplace of an operator of the central tank desalting and dehydrating unit of the oil preparation and delivery unit. The leading factor for the development of occupational and nonspecific pathology within a studied enterprise is industrial noise. At the same time, the climate in cold seasons in the conditions of working in open areas makes a significant contribution to the development of occupational and nonspecific pathology. Conclusions. Assessment of the a priori occupational risk of health disorders among oil company workers engaged in labor operations in an open area during a cold season made it possible to establish priority work place in which it is advisable to carry out priority medical and preventive measures. The implemented system of hygienic assessment of occupational factors should take into account the effect of the climatic and weather conditions on workers’ health in the region of residence.
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Al- Azzawi, Fatima faydhe, Faeza Abas Abid, and Zainab faydhe Al-Azzawi. "Performance Comparison between DPSK and OQPSK modulation approaches in multi environments channels with Matlab Simulink models." Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences 7, no. 1 (April 15, 2019): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol7.iss1.112.
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Phase shift keying modulation approaches are widely used in the communication industry. Differential phase shift keying (DPSK) and Offset Quadrature phase shift keying (OQPSK) schemes are chosen to be investigated is multi environment channels, where both systems are designed using MATLAB Simulink and tested. Cross talk and unity of signals generated from DPSK and OQPSK are examined using Cross-correlation and auto-correlation, respectively. In this research a proposed system included improvement in bit error rate (BER) of both systems in the additive white Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel, by using the convolutional and block codes, by increasing the ratio of energy in the specular component to the energy in the diffuse component (k) and the diversity order BER in the fading channels will be improved in both systems.
Book chapters on the topic "Tank industry Noise"
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Saremi, Amin. "Spatial Audio Signal Processing for Speech Telecommunication inside Vehicles." In Advances in Fundamental and Applied Research on Spatial Audio [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105002.
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Since the introduction of hands-free telephony applications and speech dialog systems in automotive industry in 1990s, microphones have been mounted in car cabins to capture, and route the driver’s speech signals to the corresponding telecommunication networks. A car cabin is a noisy and reverberant environment where engine activity, structural vibrations, road bumps, and cross-talk interferences can add substantial amounts of acoustic noise to the captured speech signal. To enhance the speech signal, a variety of real-time signal enhancement methods such as acoustic echo cancelation, noise reduction, de-reverberation, and beamforming are typically applied. Moreover, the recent introduction of AI-driven online voice assistants in automotive industry has resulted in new requirements on speech signal enhancement methods to facilitate accurate speech recognition. In this chapter, we focus on spatial filtering techniques that are designed to spatially enhance signals that arrive from certain directions while attenuating signals that originate from other locations. The fundamentals of conventional beamforming and echo cancelation are explained and are accompanied by some real-world examples. Moreover, more recent techniques (namely blind source segregation, and neural-network based adaptive beamforming) are presented in the context of automotive applications. This chapter provides the readers with both fundamental and hands-on insights into the fast-growing field of automotive speech signal processing.
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Cornetta, Gianluca, David J. Santos, and José Manuel Vázquez. "Passive Components for RF-ICs." In Advances in Wireless Technologies and Telecommunication, 189–214. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0083-6.ch008.
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The modern wireless communication industry is demanding transceivers with a high integration level operating in the gigahertz frequency range. This, in turn, has prompted intense research in the area of monolithic passive devices. Modern fabrication processes now provide the capability to integrate onto a silicon substrate inductors and capacitors, enabling a broad range of new applications. Inductors and capacitors are the core elements of many circuits, including low-noise amplifiers, power amplifiers, baluns, mixers, and oscillators, as well as fully-integrated matching networks. While the behavior and the modeling of integrated capacitors are well understood, the design of an integrated inductor is still a challenging task since its magnetic behavior is hard to predict accurately. As the operating frequency approaches the gigahertz range, device nonlinearities, coupling effects, and skin effect dominate, making difficult the design of critical parameters such as the self-resonant frequency, the quality factor, and self and mutual inductances. However, despite the parasitic effects and the low quality-factor, integrated inductors still allow for the implementation of integrated circuits with improved performances under low supply voltage. In this chapter, the authors review the technology behind monolithic capacitors and inductors on silicon substrate for high-frequency applications, with major emphasis on physical implementation and modeling.
Conference papers on the topic "Tank industry Noise"
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Ahrens, Andrea, Jeffrey Green, Paul Anderson, and Linda Postlewaite. "Why Marine Mammals Matter to Your Terrestrial Export Pipeline Project." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33752.
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Increases in export pipeline development can result in a corresponding increase in marine transportation activities and the potential to escalate adverse interactions with marine wildlife. Ship traffic introduces risks of vessel strikes as well as the amount of underwater noise produced in the marine environment. Growing public and scientific concern over the potential effects of increasing ship traffic on marine wildlife mean that even terrestrially-based pipeline projects need to start considering the effects of shipping in developing environmental mitigation programs for their export operations. Northern Gateway is proposing to construct and operate twin pipelines between Alberta and British Columbia, and an associated tank and marine terminal for export operations. While Northern Gateway will not own or operate any of the tankers, they have committed to implementing a comprehensive marine mitigation, monitoring and research program, including measures to reduce ship strikes and effects of underwater noise on marine mammals. Vessel strikes can cause severe or fatal injuries. Higher relative risk exists where shipping traffic overlaps with increased densities of marine mammals. Vessel speed has been positively correlated with the degree of risk and injury; consequently, Northern Gateway has set maximum year-round speed restrictions of 10–12 knots for all Project-related tankers calling at the marine terminal, with further restrictions of 8–10 knots in key areas. Other large vessels in this region currently travel at speeds of 16–21 knots. Mandatory speed restrictions will also reduce the Project’s contribution to underwater noise. Effects of underwater noise on marine mammals include temporary habitat avoidance, reduced feeding efficiency, behavioural change, increased stress, and communication masking. Acoustic modeling conducted for the project predicted that reducing vessel speeds from 15 to 9.6 knots would decrease underwater noise input by nearly 12 dB, making the zone of ensonification 2–3 times smaller than in the absence of mitigations. Purpose-built escort tugs will use best commercially-available noise-quieting technology and speed restriction areas will be refined through six-years of surveys and a quantitative vessel strike analysis. Vessel traffic is not unique to Northern Gateway; however, through minimizing their incremental contribution, they hope to serve as an industry example. This approach to minimizing effects of routine marine export operations is unique in the shipping industry in Canada and the United States. If other proponents were to adopt similar types of measures, Northern Gateway believes that the marine environment would see some net benefits in terms of a reduction in adverse effects on marine mammals.
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Berti, Simone, Pietro Fracassi, Alessandra Mattioli, Varuna Reddy Potula, and Cristiano Lotti. "Design and Development of a Specially Modified Positive Displacement Rotary Screw Pump and Relevant Hydraulic Circuit to Enhance “Entrained Air Handling” Capability in a Closed Loop Lube Oil System." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-94145.
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Rotary screw type positive displacement (RSPD) pumps are commonly used in Oil and Gas Industry for pumping of mineral lube oil in services where they can be mechanically driven by gears coupled to a train driver. Installation of these pumps is critical and should be designed jointly by vendors and users according to project specific restrictions (i.e. the arrangement of the entire oil circulation system). This paper describes a real case in which restrictions due to lube oil system arrangement have produced low pump suction head and have amplified the influence of air bubbles that remained entrained in oil despite lube oil tank degassing. The investigations have been directed toward the mathematical modeling of the aeration phenomenon coupled with experimental measurements of critical parameters taken on the shop plant. Among corrective actions identified and considered there are reduction of quantity of air entering the lube oil system and revamping of the entire lube oil system with changes in piping, tank and also in pump model together with special modifications of internal path to enhance air handling capabilities. In order to validate pump behavior with reference to resistance to aeration (monitoring noise and vibration) a special simulation set-up was jointly developed by end user and manufacturer on a pilot test bench to carry out the various performance tests. The numerical data collected during shop aeration test have confirmed that the pump was able to handle the expected amount of entrained air with noise and vibrations within industrial limits. The pumps tested in the pilot bench were installed at user’s site and the effectiveness of the synergic corrective actions listed above was successfully verified. The study concludes that an early estimation of entrained air in the lube oil system is critical for design and development of either the RSPD pump or the entire lube oil circuit of a motor compressor train. When a critical quantity of entrained air is likely to be reached at pump suction (near 10% in volume), pump manufacturers and end users should apply some basic rules related to “design for aeration” of the pump and agree on a non-routine test to be performed at manufacturer’s shop before pump installation at site. This will serve as a reliable prediction of pump air handling capabilities, without which effective operation, reliability and durability of the pump could be jeopardized.
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Iden, Michael, and Peter French. "Crashworthiness Progress: U.S. Freight Locomotives, 1990-2014." In 2015 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2015-5615.
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The design of freight locomotives for U.S. railroads began changing in late-1990 with the introduction of the first industry crashworthiness standard for the front nose of newly-manufactured freight. Between 1990 and 2008, that industry standard was revised and upgraded four times. In 1995 an industry standard for the crashworthiness of fuel tanks mounted underneath newly-manufactured freight locomotives was also introduced. Effective at the end of 2008, both of the industry standards were incorporated by reference into a new U.S. federal regulation mandating crashworthiness features on newly-manufactured locomotives effective with deliveries to railroads in 2009. In addition to the crashworthiness-specific design changes, in 1992 and 1993 both of the major U.S. locomotive manufacturers introduced new designs for the attachment of the truck (bogie) assemblies to locomotive underframes; these changes were to facilitate the use of new trucks (bogies) producing higher adhesion for greater tractive effort. The “deep traction pin” designs also had a positive effect on the crashworthiness of new fuel tanks by reducing the chance of truck separation from the underframe (and impacting the fuel tank) during accidents. The changes cited here were for newly-manufactured freight locomotives, with retrofit to older locomotives impossible or extremely difficult to accomplish with similar results. This paper briefly reviews the introduction of the crashworthiness features described, and also offers the first retrospective look at (a) how extensively the evolving crashworthiness features have reached across the U.S. freight locomotive fleet (through acquisition of newly-manufactured freight locomotives) and (b) attempts to measure the effectiveness of the various crashworthiness design changes in saving lives and reducing injuries of in-cab railroad employees. It is believed that this paper is the first and only assessment to date of cumulative U.S. freight locomotive crashworthiness progress and its statistical impact on locomotive crew safety since the early 2000’s.
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Siravenha, Ana, Walisson Gomes, Renan Tourinho, Sergio Viademonte, and Bruno Gomes. "Classification of productive profile using brain signals: Deep learning and neuroscience meets the mining industry." In Congresso Brasileiro de Inteligência Computacional. SBIC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21528/cbic2021-96.
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Classification of electroencephalography (EEG) signals is a complex task. EEG is a non-stationary time process with low signal to noise ratio. Among many methods usedfor EEG classification, those based on Deep Learning (DL) have been relatively successful in providing high classification accuracies. In the present study we aimed at classify resting state EEGs measured from workers of a mining complex. Just after the EEG has been collected, the workers undergonetraining in a 4D virtual reality simulator that emulates the iron ore excavation from which parameters related to their performance were analyzed by the technical staff who classified the workers into four groups based on their productivity. Twoconvolutional neural networks (ConvNets) were then used to classify the workers EEG bases on the same productivity label provided by the technical staff. The neural data was used in three configurations in order to evaluate the amount of datarequired for a high accuracy classification. Isolated, the channel T5 achieved 83% of accuracy, the subtraction of channels P3 and Pz achieved 99% and using all channels simultaneously was 99.40% assertive. This study provides results that add to the recent literature showing that even simple DL architectures are able to handle complex time series such as the EEG. In addition, it pin points an application in industry with vast possibilities of expansion.
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Camargo, Hugo E., Patricio A. Ravetta, Ricardo A. Burdisso, and Adam K. Smith. "A Comparison of Beamforming Processing Techniques for Low Frequency Noise Source Identification in Mining Equipment." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12194.
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In an effort to reduce Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) in the mining industry, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is conducting research to develop noise controls for mining equipment whose operators exceed the Permissible Exposure Level (PEL). The process involves three steps: 1) Noise source identification (NSI), 2) development of noise controls, and 3) evaluation of the developed noise controls. For the first and third steps, microphone phased array measurements are typically conducted and data are processed using the conventional beamforming (CB) algorithm. However, due to the size and complexity of the machines, this task is not straight forward. Furthermore, because of the low frequency range of interest, i.e., 200 Hz to 1000 Hz, results obtained using CB may show poor resolution issues which result in inaccuracy in the noise source location. To overcome this resolution issue, two alternative approaches are explored in this paper, namely the CLEAN-SC algorithm and a variarion of an adaptive beamforming algorithm known as Robust Capon Beamformer (RCB). These algorithms were used along with the CB algorithm to process data collected from a horizontal Vibrating Screen (VS) machine used in coal preparation plants. Results with the array in the overhead position showed that despite the use of a large array, i.e., 3.5-meter diameter, the acoustic maps obtained using CB showed “hot spots” that covered various components, i.e., the screen deck, the side walls, the I-beam, the eccentric mechanisms, and the electric motor. Thus, it was not possible to identify which component was the dominant contributor to the sound radiated by the machine. The acoustic maps obtained using the RCB algorithm showed smaller “hot” spots that in general covered only one or two components. Nevertheless, the most dramatic reduction in “hot” spot size was obtained using the CLEAN-SC algorithm. This algorithm yielded acoustic maps with small and well localized “hot” spots that pinpointed dominant noise sources. However, because the CLEAN-SC algorithm yields small and localized “hot” spots, extra care needs to be used when aligning the acoustic maps with the actual pictures of the machine. In conclusion, use of the RCB and the CLEAN-SC algorithms in the low frequency range of interest helped pinpoint dominant noise sources which otherwise would be very hard to identify.
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Ruben, Shalom D., Tsu-Chin Tsao, Robert J. Hocken, Ronnie Fesperman, Ozkan Ozturk, John Brien, and Greg Caskey. "Mechatronics and Control of a Precision Motion Stage for Nano-Manufacturing." In ASME 2009 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2009-2761.
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High precision motion is critical in the semiconductor industry and as feature size continues to decrease, the need for higher precision increases. This paper presents the control system design and integration of a novel multi-degree of freedom precision stage for nano-manufacturing. It is composed of a 6 DOF wafer holder and a 3 DOF module holder. The modules can be chosen for a desired task, such as a nano-imprint lithography module. Capacitance gauges, interferometers, and photo detectors provide position feedback of the stage. Piezo-electric actuators and linear motors, that produce two orthogonal forces each, produce the desired output. Modeling of the coordinate transformation among the spaces of sensors, stage position, and actuators along with dynamic modeling of the stage is presented. Controller design, hardware, and software is described and results comparing simulation and implementation show a closed-loop positioning of less than 1 nm error in x and y and 0.01 arc seconds in θz with a sensor noise level of less than 0.2 nm.
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Kim, Eunseob, Huitaek Yun, Martin Byung-Guk Jun, Kyunghyun Kim, and Suk Won Cha. "Multiple Sound Sensors And Fusion In Modern CNN-Based Machine State Prediction." In ASME 2021 16th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2021-64036.
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Abstract In the new era of manufacturing with Industry 4.0, Smart Manufacturing (SM) is growing in popularity as a potential for the factory of the future. A critical component of SM is effective machine monitoring. Legacy machines indirect monitoring using Internet of Things (IoT) sensors are preferred instead of modifying hardware directly. Machine tools are composed of rotary components, resulting in machine tools emitting acoustic and vibratory signals. However, sound data cannot easily function as a direct representation for machine status due to its noise, variable time course, and irregular sampling. In this paper, we attempt to bridge this gap through machine learning techniques and auditory monitoring of auxiliary components (i.e., coolant, chip conveyor, and mist collector) as well as the main spindle running state of machine tools. Multi-label classification and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) were utilized to train models for monitoring machine tools from the sound features. An external microphone and three internal sound sensors were attached to both mill and lathe machines. As a sound feature, Mel-frequency cepstrum (MFCC) features were extracted. The classification task performance was compared between each sensor location and early sensor fusion. The results showed that the sensor fusion approach resulted in the highest F1 score on both machine system.
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Ross, Jonathan. "Vessel Design Considerations to Limit Motion-Induced Sickness and Interruptions." In SNAME 14th International Marine Design Conference. SNAME, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/imdc-2022-220.
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By their very essence, modern vessels in general, and many of today’s advanced vessel in particular, forge new frontiers in hull form, propulsion, and materials. The resulting enhancements are enticing, but potential dangers lurk for the human passengers and crew when the new vessels put to sea. Problems can range from bothersome to debilitating, from seasickness to spinal injuries. Vessel owners, operators, and designers are beginning to address these human element problems. In fact, two compelling trends combined in the first several years of the twenty-first century, pulling the human element from relative obscurity to the forefront of marine vehicle design and operation. The first of these trends, observed by all in the marine industry, was the move toward reduced crew sizes. This trend is driven by the high cost of qualified personnel and the increasing capability and availability of automation, used to replace people with remote sensors and controls. The trend is further advanced through enhanced maintenance practices, which focus on less maintenance at sea by the crew. Along with the trend toward reduced crew sizes on marine vehicles, recent years have witnessed a dramatic increase in computer modelling capabilities. These capabilities are impressive in the field of design in general, and equally so in the specialized fields of computer-aided modelling and simulation. Simulation enables the prediction of technical parameters such as speed, power, and vessel motions. Simulation also has advanced in the field of human performance, with models addressing task allocation among vehicle operators, as well as learning how people function when stressed by sleep loss, noise, and temperature extremes. Finally, the capability to link the myriad software programs has increased exponentially, enabling designers to link vessel behavior programs and human performance programs. This paper focuses on how the vessel designer can address two particular categories of the human element: Motion Sickness Incidence and Motion Induced Interruptions. Not considered within the scope of the paper are sopite syndrome, fatigue, sleep loss, injury, and human error.
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Quickel, Gregory T., John A. Beavers, John F. Kiefner, and Brian N. Leis. "Small-Scale Testing to Characterize ERW Seam Properties in Response to NTSB Recommendation P-09-1, Arising From the Carmichael, MS Rupture." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33073.
Full textAbstract:
On November 1, 2007, a liquid propane pipeline ruptured near Carmichael, Mississippi. Several pipeline industry experts collaboratively concluded the likely origin of the failure was a defect in the longitudinal electric resistance welded (ERW) seam.[1] These experts also noted that a seam-integrity assessment did not prevent the failure. Following the National Transportation Safety Board’s (NTSB’s) public report, they issued Recommendation P-09-1, which called upon the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) to conduct a comprehensive study to identify actions that can be used by operators to eliminate catastrophic longitudinal seam failures in pipelines, and indicated the required scope. NTSB directed that PHMSA conduct a comprehensive study of ERW pipe properties and the means to assure that they do not fail in service. Battelle contracted Kiefner and Associates, Inc. (KAI) and Det Norse Veritas (U.S.A.), Inc. (DNV) with the objective to assist PHMSA in favorably closing NTSB Recommendation P-09-1. One of the tasks performed by DNV was to identify the best method(s) to characterize the toughness properties of ERW seams.[2] The objectives of the task were met by performing 1) a literature search to identify current and new practices for characterizing seam weld properties and 2) Charpy V-notch (CVN) impact testing. The findings from the literature search support the use of the Charpy test for the assessment of the toughness of line pipe steels in general, and the ERW weld seams in particular. CVN testing was performed on specimens 1) where the notch varied in circumferential location from the bond line and 2) on bond line specimens, at and away from seam weld features/defects. The results indicated a significant decrease in the Charpy energy for non-post weld heat-treated (PWHT) pipe with decreasing distance from the bond line. Surprisingly, the Charpy energies (upper shelf) at the bond line were higher adjacent to the five confirmed (lack of fusion) LOF defects compared to away from the defects. Failure pressure calculations using CorLAS™ on various (direct current) DC ERW failures, where the pipe dimensions, tensile properties, and flaw geometry were known, revealed that very low Charpy energies (<1.4 J, [1 ft·lb] back-calculated) are needed to cause failure. While the data are very limited in this study, they do not support the notion that CVN tests of the bond line can be used in integrity assessments of bond line defects. This paper will outline some basic steps to be performed to establish a range of bond line Charpy energies.