Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tanager

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Academic literature on the topic 'Tanager'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Tanager"

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Hudon, Jocelyn. "Unusual carotenoid use by the Western Tanager (Piranga ludoviciana) and its evolutionary implications." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 9 (September 1, 1991): 2311–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-325.

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I used spectrophotometric, chromatographic, and chemical means to establish that rhodoxanthin, a 3-keto-retrodehydro carotenoid, was the only red pigment in the head feathers of the Western Tanager (Piranga ludoviciana). In contrast, the red head and body feathers of a close relative, the Scarlet Tanager (P. olivacea), exhibited several 4-keto-carotenoids. Other tanagers and emberizids also displayed 4-keto-carotenoids. The deposition of presumed canary xanthophylls and phaeomelanins differed quantitatively between the Western Tanager and other tanagers belonging to the genus Piranga. Uniquely among the Piranga spp. examined, the head feathers of the Western Tanager had flattened bards without barbules. Partly because the head colors of the Western and Scarlet tanagers were indistinguishable either in the hand or when examined by reflectance spectrophotometry, I excluded selection for a variant color as the basis for the observed chemical and morphological differences. Biochemical costs, including putative costs associated with the endogenous production of 4-keto-carotenoids, could have led to the conversion in the Western Tanager to an available dietary pigment. This tanager, unlike the other species studied, has access to an abundant source of rhodoxanthin in the coniferous forests of western North America. The pigment changes in the Western Tanager could have taken place with minimal effect on head color.
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EISERMANN, KNUT, SUSANNE ARBEITER, GERARDO LÓPEZ, CLAUDIA AVENDAÑO, and JOSUÉ DE LEÓN LUX. "Distribution, habitat use, and implications for the conservation of the globally threatened Azure-rumped Tanager Tangara cabanisi in Guatemala." Bird Conservation International 21, no. 4 (February 11, 2011): 423–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270910000638.

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SummaryThe Azure-rumped Tanager Tangara cabanisi is a globally threatened species restricted to the Pacific slope mountains of western Guatemala and Chiapas, Mexico. We studied the habitat use of this tanager on the southern slope of Atitlán volcano, department Suchitepéquez, Guatemala, applying distance sampling along transects in humid broadleaf forest and coffee plantations. The tanager was recorded in both habitat types, but encounter rates were significantly greater in broadleaf forest. The estimated density of tanagers in forest at 1,400–1,900 m was 33–93 birds km−2. Tanagers were recorded mainly in the upper vegetation strata of forest and shade coffee plantations. In coffee plantations tanagers used mainly tall solitary trees or the canopy of shade trees, which were dominated by Inga spp. The number of observations of feeding tanagers in Ficus aurea (Moraceae) indicated a high importance of this food source. The density of F. aurea trees and the encounter rate of tanagers were positively correlated. From 1987 to 2009 tanagers have been recorded at nine topographic units and a total of 16 sites in Guatemala, in the departments of San Marcos, Quetzaltenango, Sololá, Suchitepéquez, and Chimaltenango. We analysed the available habitat for tanagers in the potential area of distribution (1,170 km2), ranging from 900 to 1,900 m altitude and from the Mexican border in the West to the municipality of Pochuta in the East. Broadleaf forest covers 250 km2 or 21% of the potential area of distribution, and coffee plantations cover 800 km2 or 68%. Assuming that population density in prime habitat throughout the potential distribution range is similar to our study area at Atitlán volcano, total tanager population in Guatemala is estimated to be 8,250–23,250 birds. Our findings support the maintenance of the IUCN Red List status of Endangered EN B1a+b(ii,iii,v). To enhance the available habitat for Azure-rumped Tanager, we propose alterations in the shade management of coffee plantations, supported by incentives and certification programmes.
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PIACENTINI, VÍTOR DE Q. "A new genus for the Blue-and-yellow Tanager (Aves: Passeriformes): a suggested adjustment to the classification of the Thraupidae." Zootaxa 4276, no. 2 (June 11, 2017): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4276.2.11.

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Recent DNA-based studies have found that the genus Thraupis, as traditionally defined, is polyphyletic, with the Blue-and-yellow Tanager (historically treated as Thraupis bonariensis) being sister to the Fawn-breasted Tanager (Pipraeidea melanonota). As a result, most subsequent classifications lumped both species under a single genus, Pipraeidea. Here I show that both species differ markedly in plumage, morphology, voice, and behavior, each of them being more similar to a distantly related species than to each other. As such, I argue that the treatment of the Blue-and-yellow Tanager in Pipraeidea creates an undiagnosable genus contrasting greatly with the generic limits commonly applied to the tanagers. To avoid this situation, I propose the recognition of a new genus, Remsenornis gen. nov., for the Blue-and-yellow Tanager.
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Young, Brian. "Summer Tanager." Chicago Review 40, no. 2/3 (1994): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25305853.

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Zima, Paulo Victor Queijo, Daniel Fernandes Perrella, and Mercival Roberto Francisco. "First nest description of the Azure-shouldered Tanager (Thraupis cyanoptera, Thraupidae)." Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia 27, no. 2 (June 2019): 122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03544456.

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AbstractThe genus Thraupis represents the typical tanagers, and despite the commonness of some species their reproductive aspects are poorly documented. Here we provide the first description of nests and nestlings of the Azure-shouldered Tanager, Thraupis cyanoptera, and we provide additional information on eggs. We found three active nests at Carlos Botelho State Park, southeastern Brazil, in September and October 2014, and in November 2016. The nests were built within large tangles of bromeliads, 4.1–5.2 m above ground. They were shallow bottom-supported cups, composed mainly of elongated stripes of dry bromeliad leaves. Eggs were subeliptical, with white background color and small brown spots and blotches evenly distributed throughout the surface. Nestlings had pink skin and gray down, with ocher bill and white swollen flanges. Although more forest-dwelling than other congeners, the Azure-shouldered Tanager seems to tolerate some habitat disturbance, as nests were observed in clearings.
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Osherow, J. "New Tanager/New Song." Literary Imagination 1, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/litimag/1.1.126.

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Levey, Douglas J. "Sugar-Tasting Ability and Fruit Selection in Tropical Fruit-Eating Birds." Auk 104, no. 2 (April 1, 1987): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/104.2.173.

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Abstract The sugar-tasting abilities of four species of tanagers and two species of manakins were tested. Three tanager species were able to detect differences in diets containing 8%, 10%, and 12% sugar. In pairwise choice trials, they preferred the diet highest in sugar. Neither species of manakin discriminated among the three diets. This apparent difference in tasting abilities of tanagers and manakins may be a result of their fruit-handling techniques. Tanagers crush fruits in their bills, thereby releasing juices onto their tongues. Manakins swallow fruits whole; their tongues rarely encounter fruit juice. Hence, manakins' fruit-handling technique is poorly suited for sensing the taste cues in fruit juices. Variation in fruit sugar concentration is common within and among plant species and is great enough to be detected by birds. Birds probably have selected for sweeter fruits.
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AVENDAÑO, JORGE ENRIQUE, F. KEITH BARKER, and CARLOS DANIEL CADENA. "The Yellow-green Bush-tanager is neither a bush-tanager nor a sparrow: Molecular phylogenetics reveals that Chlorospingus flavovirens is a tanager (Aves: Passeriformes; Thraupidae)." Zootaxa 4136, no. 2 (July 6, 2016): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4136.2.7.

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PRICE, ROGER D., and KEVIN P. JOHNSON. "Five new species of Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae) in Panama." Zootaxa 2200, no. 1 (August 17, 2009): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2200.1.4.

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There are 23 species of Myrsidea recognized from passerine thraupid hosts. Five new species parasitic on members of this avian family are described. They and their type hosts are Myrsidea rozsai ex the Thick-billed Euphonia, Euphonia laniirostris d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, M. cruickshanki ex the Carmiol's Tanager, Chlorothraupis carmioli (Lawrence), M. patersoni ex the Grey-headed Tanager, Eucometis penicillata (Spix), M. pagei ex the Crimson-backed Tanager, Ramphocelus dimidiatus Lafresnaye, and M. valimi ex the Tawny-capped Euphonia, Euphonia anneae Cassin. The first species is placed in the bonariensis species group, while the remaining four are placed in the fusca species group. Sequences of a portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene were compared to other species of Myrsidea and were highly divergent.
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Fiala, Kent. "Life of the Tanager. Alexander F. Skutch." Quarterly Review of Biology 65, no. 2 (June 1990): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/416768.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tanager"

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George, Gregory A. "Foraging ecology of male Cerulean warblers and other neotropical migrants." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10265.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2009.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 85 p. : ill. (some col.), col. map. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Levy, Gisele. "Uso e seleção de habitat por Saltator atricollis (Aves Cardinalidae) e Cypsnagra hirundinacea (Aves Thraupidae) no Cerrado da Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-08122009-224625/.

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Os estudos sobre a relação habitat-espécie são importantes para a conservação, pois geram conhecimento sobre características de habitat essenciais para uma população. A incorporação destas informações em planos de conservação permite um manejo mais inteligente tanto da fauna como das áreas a serem preservadas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo estudar o uso e a seleção de habitat de Saltator atricollis e Cypsnagra hirundinacea na Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, região central do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Ambas espécies são aves endêmicas do Cerrado e ameaçadas de extinção no Estado de São Paulo. O estudo foi desenvolvido entre setembro e dezembro de 2007 e setembro de 2008. O habitat foi analisado em duas escalas: o macro-habitat e o micro-habitat. Para analisar o habitat foram dispostos sistematicamente 84 pontos de amostragem na área de estudo. Na análise do macro-habitat foram utilizadas informações sobre o uso-disponibilidade das diferentes fisionomias sendo comparadas por meio do intervalo de confiança de Bailey. No estudo de micro-habitat foram medidas 11 características estruturais da vegetação ao redor de cada ponto de contato com S. atricollis, com C. hirundinacea e nos 84 pontos de amostragem. Para analisar as associações entre as características estruturais e as aves foi utilizado modelos de regressão logística selecionados pelo Critério de Informações de Akaike (AIC). Saltator atricollis selecionou áreas de campo cerrado, utilizou na mesma proporção que o esperado as áreas campestres e utilizou menos que o esperado o cerrado sensu stricto. Cypsnagra hirundinacea utilizou na mesma proporção que o esperado as áreas campestres e o campo cerrado enquanto o cerrado sensu stricto foi utilizado menos que o esperado. Quanto ao micro-habitat os melhores modelos para explicar a presença de S. atricollis incluíram maior densidade de árvores maiores que 2 m de altura e menor densidade de Syagrus petrea e de arbustos com até 1 m de altura. A presença de árvores é importante para a espécie, pois são utilizadas como poleiros durante o comportamento de sentinela. As altas densidades de Syagrus petrea e arbustos baixos (< 1m) podem diminuir a quantidade de moitas de gramíneas (utilizadas para a construção de ninhos) já que ambos ocupam o mesmo estrato. Assim, indiretamente, a presença de Syagrus petrea e arbustos baixos (< 1m) podem diminuir a disponibilidade de sítios reprodutivos. Além disso, podem atrapalhar o forrageamento por dificultar a utilização do estrato herbáceo. Os modelos que explicaram melhor a presença de C. hirundinacea foram representados por uma maior densidade de arbustos e árvores intermediárias e altas (entre 1 e 2 m, entre 2 e 4 m e maiores que 4 m de altura), maior densidade de braquiária e menor densidade de Attalea geraensis e de solo exposto. A presença de árvores é importante, pois a espécie as usa para forragear, construir ninhos e vigiar contra predadores. A relação positiva com a braquiária pode estar relacionada ao fato da espécie não utilizar o estrato herbáceo e ao mesmo tempo a invasão dessa gramínea, possivelmente, ainda não deve ter alterado a estrutura da vegetação lenhosa. Já a relação inversa entre a presença de C. hirundinacea e a densidade de solo exposto e de A. geraensis deve ocorrer, pois em ambientes com alta densidade dessas variáveis provavelmente há um baixo número de árvores o que diminui a disponibilidade de sítios de forrageamento e reprodutivos. Portanto para a manutenção dessas espécies é importante preservar as fisionomias abertas do Cerrado, as quais estão desaparecendo no estado de São Paulo, além disso recomenda-se manter nessas fisionomias a presença de algumas árvores e evitar a dominância de palmeiras rasteiras.
Studies about habitat-species relationships are important for conservation, because they generate knowledge about the essential characteristics of a habitat for a population. Incorporation of such information in conservation plans allows for a more intelligent management of both fauna and habitats that should be preserved. The aim of this study was to investigate the habitat use and selection by Saltator atricollis and Cypsnagra hirundinacea at Estação Ecológica de Itirapina in central State of São Paulo, Brazil. Both species are endemic birds of the Cerrado (Brazilian Savannah) and they are considered threatened with extinction in the State of São Paulo. The study was developed from September to December of 2007 and in September 2008. Habitat was analyzed in two scales: macrohabitat and microhabitat. To analyze the habitat 84 sampling points had been distributed at the study area. Macrohabitat selection was analyzed based on use-availability data of physiognomy and performing Baileys confidence interval. To investigate the use of the microhabitat there were estimated eleven structural characteristics of vegetation. These characteristics were described in each exact point that S. atricollis and C. hirundinacea had seen and in the 84 sampling points. The associations between the structural characteristics and the birds were identified by logistic regression models selected by Akaike Information Criteria (AIC). Saltator atricollis selected campo cerrado physiognomies (grassland savannah), it use campos (grasslands) at the expected proportion and cerrado sensu stricto (woodland savannah) less than expected proportion. Cypsnagra hirundinacea used both campos and campo cerrado areas at expected proportions while cerrado sensu stricto was used less than expected proportion. At the microhabitats level, the best models to explain the presence of S. atricollis included greater density of trees higher than 2 meters, lesser density of Syagrus petrea, and lesser density of bushes of to up to 1 meter height. The presence of trees is important to this specie, because the trees are used as perches during sentinel behavior. The high density of Syagrus petrea should diminish the amount of grassy because they use the same space on the habitat. Birds use the grassy to make its nest and the presence of Syagrus petrea and short bushes (< 1m) should indirectly reduce places for reproductive sites and might make foraging more difficult. The best models to explain the presence of C. hirundinacea were the one represented by a greater density of bushes and, trees of intermediate to greater height (between 1 and 2 meters, between 2 and 4 meters, and higher than 4 meters), greater density of Brachiaria grasses and lesser density of Attalea geraensis and exposed ground. The presence of trees is important because the species use them to forage, build nests and watch against predators. The positive relation with Brachiaria grasses might be occurs because C. hirundinacea dont use the herb layer. Possibly, the invasion of the Brachiaria grasses not having changed the structure of the vegetation yet. The inverse relation between the bird specie and the presence of exposed ground and A. geraensis, should occur because in habitats with high density of exposed ground and A. geraensis there are few places to feed and to reproduction. Therefore, to the maintenance of these birds species it is important preserving the open physiognomies of the Cerrado, which are disappearing from the State of São Paulo. Its also necessary to keep in theses physiognomies the presence of a few bushes and trees and also avoid the dominance of A. geraensis and Syagrus petrea.
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Newell, Felicity L. "A Bird’s Eye View of the Forest: How Does Canopy Openness Affect Canopy Songbirds?" The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1276875484.

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Naoki, Kazuya. "Evolution of ecological diversity in the Neotropical tanagers of the genus Tangara (Aves:Thraupidae)." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://etd02.lnx390.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-0710103-144206/.

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Gonçalves, Heloísa Bressan [UNESP]. "Produção de tanases por Emericella nivea : purificação e caracterização bioquímica." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100765.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A tanase (EC 3.1.1.20) é uma enzima induzível que age sobre os taninos hidrolisando suas ligações éster e depsídicas obtendo-se como produtos a glicose e o ácido elágico ou ácido gálico, sendo este último, um importante substrato para as indústrias farmacêutica e química. Entre os diferentes organismos capazes de produzir tanases, os microorganismos, de modo especial os fungos filamentosos, vêm se destacando uma vez que são mais versáteis na degradação de diferentes tipos de taninos. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar as tanases intra e extracelulares do fungo filamentoso Emericella nivea produzidas em Fermentação Submersa (FSbm) e em Fermentação em Substrato Sólido (FSS), purificando-as e caracterizando-as bioquimicamente, além de imobilizá-las em suportes de agarose. Em princípio, foi realizada a seleção da melhor cepa produtora de tanases, submetendo-se 42 linhagens fúngicas a FSbm em meio de cultura Khanna com 2% de ácido tânico como fonte de carbono, por 3 a 4 dias a 30ºC, tendo sido o fungo Emericella nivea selecionado para prosseguimento do trabalho. Para este microorganismo os maiores nívies enzimáticos extracelulares foram obtidos em 3 dias de cultivo em FSbm e 8 dias em FSS, sendo para esta última utilizados produtos agroindustriais e folhas de vegetais de diferentes espécies secas trituradas umedecidas com água de torneira (1:1; p/v). As tanases extra e intracelular foram purificadas 61 e 2,5 vezes com recuperação de 30% e 8,8%, respectivamente. Eletroforese em condições não desnaturantes (PAGE 7%) mostrou a presença de uma única banda protéica revelada por prata e para atividade tanásica com a mesma mobilidade relativa. A forma extracelular possui massa molecular nativa de aproximadamente 322kDa com 50% de conteúdo de carboidratos. Já a enzima intracelular apresentou massa molecular nativa de 258kDa e 17% de...
Tannases (EC 3.1.1.20) are inducible enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of ester and depside bonds in hydrolysable tannins releasing glucose and ellagic acid or gallic acid, which is an important compound used in pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Among different organisms able to produce these enzymes, the microorganisms, especially filamentous fungi deserve attention since they can act on different tannins degradation ways. In this context, the aim of this work was to study the intra and extracellular tannases from the filamentous fungus Emericella nivea produced in Submerged Fermentation (SbmF) and Solid Substrate Fermentation (SSF), purifying and characterizing them biochemically, as well to immobilize the extracellular enzyme in agarose supports. First of all, it was selected the best tannase producer among 42 strains, in Khanna culture medium with 2% tannic acid as carbon source for 3-4 days at 30°C, and the fungus Emericella nivea was selected. This fungus produced high levels of extracellular enzyme at 3 and 8 days when cultivated in SbmF and SSF at 30°C, respectivally. FSS was performed with agroindustrial products or crushed dried leaves of different plants umidified with tap water (1:1, w/v). The extra and intracellular tannases were purified 61 times and 2.5-times, with recovery of 30% and 8.8%, respectivally. Non-denaturing electrophoresis (PAGE 7%), showed a unique proteic band stained by silver and for activity, both with the same relative mobility. The extracellular enzyme, probably, is a hetero-dimeric protein with native molecular mass of 322 kDa with 50% of carbohydrate content and the intracellular with native molecular mass of 258 kDa and 17% of carbohydrate. The optimum temperature were 45ºC and 50°C for the extra and intracellular enzymes, respectively and the optimum pH for both enzymes was 5.0. The soluble tannases were thermostable with... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Valera, Larissa Serrani [UNESP]. "Produção e caracterização das Tanases do fungo filamentoso Aspergillus carbonarius." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/124410.

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Atualmente, a biotecnologia é acompanhada dos estudos sobre o funcionamento, estrutura e utilização, principalmente na indústria, das enzimas obtidas a partir de microorganismos, o que têm despertado grandes interesses em pesquisadores da área. De modo especial, os fungos filamentosos vêm se destacando como grandes produtores de enzimas, principalmente o gênero Aspergillus, pertencente aos ascomicetos. Dentre as enzimas de interesse biotecnológico encontramos a tanino acil hidrolase (EC 3.1.1.20),, também conhecida como tanase, a qual pode ser produzida por fungos filamentosos, leveduras e bactérias. Desta forma, foi objetivo deste trabalho o estudo da produção de tanases pelo fungo filamentoso Aspergillus carbonarius padronizando-se as melhores condições físico-químicas para o crescimento do micro-organismo, visando a obtenção de tanases em níveis elevados assim purificando e caracterizando-as bioquimicamente. Os maiores níveis enzimáticos em FSS foram obtidos utilizando folhas de chá verde trituradas como fonte de carbono umedecidas com água de torneira (1:1 m/v) a 30°C por 3 dias.A tanase foi purificada 11,3 vezes com recuperação de 98%, após dois passos cromatográficos, DEAE-Celulose e Sepharose CL-6B. A enzima possui massa molar de 134,89 kDa com 50% de carboidratos. A temperatura ótima de atividade foi de 60°C e o pH ótimo foi 5,0. A tanase se mostrou bastante estável entre as temperaturas de 40°C a 65°C e em pH ácido. A atividade enzimática foi aumentada em 32% na presença de Ag+, e foi inibida por Mg+ , Fe2+, Zn2+, Al3+ e Cu2+ . Os parâmetros cinéticos foram analisados, sendo que a enzima apresentou maior afinidade pelo substrato metil galato (Km de 1,42mM) se comparado acido tânico (Km de 2,2mM). Portanto conclui-se que a tanase produzida por Aspergillus carbonarius possui um bom potencial biotecnológico e é promissora para o emprego industrial.
Nowadays, biotechnology is accompanied by functional, structural and application studies, mainly in industry, of microbial enzymes, which have aroused great interest in researchers around the world. Specially filamentous fungi have been highlighted as the major enzymes producers, mostly Aspergillus genera, an ascomycete. Among the enzymes of biotechnological interest we can found the tannin acyl hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.20), also known as tannase that can be produced by filamentous fungi, yeasts and bacterias. Acoording to the this objective of this work was to study the production of tannase by Aspergillus carbonarius standardizing the best physico-chemical conditions for the microorganism growth, in order to obtain high levels of tannase, purifying and characterizing them biochemically. The higher enzymes levels in SSF were obtained when it was used green tea leaves as carbon source moistured with tap water (1: 1 w / v) at 30° C for 3 days. Tannase was purified 11,3 fold with 98% of recover after two chromatographic steps: DEAE-celulose and Sepharose CL-6B. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 134,89 kDa with 50% of carbohydrates. The optimal temperature of activity was 60ºC and the optimal pH was 5.0. Tannase showed quite stability to temperatures between 40ºC and 65ºC and under acid pH. The enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by Mg+, Fe2+, Zn2+, Al3+ e Cu2+. The kinetic parameters were analyzed and the enzyme showed higher affinity to the substrate methyl gallate (Km 1.42mM) in it compared to tannic acid (Km 2.2mM). Therefore it is concluded that the tannase produced by Aspergillus carbonarius has great biotechnological potential and it is promising for industrial use.
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Valera, Larissa Serrani. "Produção e caracterização das Tanases do fungo filamentoso Aspergillus carbonarius /." Araraquara, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/124410.

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Orientador: Luis Henrique Souza Guimarães
Banca: Ariela Veloso de Paula
Banca: Eleonora Cano Carmona
Resumo: Atualmente, a biotecnologia é acompanhada dos estudos sobre o funcionamento, estrutura e utilização, principalmente na indústria, das enzimas obtidas a partir de microorganismos, o que têm despertado grandes interesses em pesquisadores da área. De modo especial, os fungos filamentosos vêm se destacando como grandes produtores de enzimas, principalmente o gênero Aspergillus, pertencente aos ascomicetos. Dentre as enzimas de interesse biotecnológico encontramos a tanino acil hidrolase (EC 3.1.1.20),, também conhecida como tanase, a qual pode ser produzida por fungos filamentosos, leveduras e bactérias. Desta forma, foi objetivo deste trabalho o estudo da produção de tanases pelo fungo filamentoso Aspergillus carbonarius padronizando-se as melhores condições físico-químicas para o crescimento do micro-organismo, visando a obtenção de tanases em níveis elevados assim purificando e caracterizando-as bioquimicamente. Os maiores níveis enzimáticos em FSS foram obtidos utilizando folhas de chá verde trituradas como fonte de carbono umedecidas com água de torneira (1:1 m/v) a 30°C por 3 dias.A tanase foi purificada 11,3 vezes com recuperação de 98%, após dois passos cromatográficos, DEAE-Celulose e Sepharose CL-6B. A enzima possui massa molar de 134,89 kDa com 50% de carboidratos. A temperatura ótima de atividade foi de 60°C e o pH ótimo foi 5,0. A tanase se mostrou bastante estável entre as temperaturas de 40°C a 65°C e em pH ácido. A atividade enzimática foi aumentada em 32% na presença de Ag+, e foi inibida por Mg+ , Fe2+, Zn2+, Al3+ e Cu2+ . Os parâmetros cinéticos foram analisados, sendo que a enzima apresentou maior afinidade pelo substrato metil galato (Km de 1,42mM) se comparado acido tânico (Km de 2,2mM). Portanto conclui-se que a tanase produzida por Aspergillus carbonarius possui um bom potencial biotecnológico e é promissora para o emprego industrial.
Abstract: Nowadays, biotechnology is accompanied by functional, structural and application studies, mainly in industry, of microbial enzymes, which have aroused great interest in researchers around the world. Specially filamentous fungi have been highlighted as the major enzymes producers, mostly Aspergillus genera, an ascomycete. Among the enzymes of biotechnological interest we can found the tannin acyl hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.20), also known as tannase that can be produced by filamentous fungi, yeasts and bacterias. Acoording to the this objective of this work was to study the production of tannase by Aspergillus carbonarius standardizing the best physico-chemical conditions for the microorganism growth, in order to obtain high levels of tannase, purifying and characterizing them biochemically. The higher enzymes levels in SSF were obtained when it was used green tea leaves as carbon source moistured with tap water (1: 1 w / v) at 30° C for 3 days. Tannase was purified 11,3 fold with 98% of recover after two chromatographic steps: DEAE-celulose and Sepharose CL-6B. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 134,89 kDa with 50% of carbohydrates. The optimal temperature of activity was 60ºC and the optimal pH was 5.0. Tannase showed quite stability to temperatures between 40ºC and 65ºC and under acid pH. The enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by Mg+, Fe2+, Zn2+, Al3+ e Cu2+. The kinetic parameters were analyzed and the enzyme showed higher affinity to the substrate methyl gallate (Km 1.42mM) in it compared to tannic acid (Km 2.2mM). Therefore it is concluded that the tannase produced by Aspergillus carbonarius has great biotechnological potential and it is promising for industrial use.
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Gonçalves, Heloísa Bressan. "Produção de tanases por Emericella nivea : purificação e caracterização bioquímica /." Araraquara, [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100765.

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Orientador: Luis Henrique Souza Guimarães
Banca: João Atilio Jorge
Banca: Rosane Marina Peralta
Resumo: A tanase (EC 3.1.1.20) é uma enzima induzível que age sobre os taninos hidrolisando suas ligações éster e depsídicas obtendo-se como produtos a glicose e o ácido elágico ou ácido gálico, sendo este último, um importante substrato para as indústrias farmacêutica e química. Entre os diferentes organismos capazes de produzir tanases, os microorganismos, de modo especial os fungos filamentosos, vêm se destacando uma vez que são mais versáteis na degradação de diferentes tipos de taninos. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar as tanases intra e extracelulares do fungo filamentoso Emericella nivea produzidas em Fermentação Submersa (FSbm) e em Fermentação em Substrato Sólido (FSS), purificando-as e caracterizando-as bioquimicamente, além de imobilizá-las em suportes de agarose. Em princípio, foi realizada a seleção da melhor cepa produtora de tanases, submetendo-se 42 linhagens fúngicas a FSbm em meio de cultura Khanna com 2% de ácido tânico como fonte de carbono, por 3 a 4 dias a 30ºC, tendo sido o fungo Emericella nivea selecionado para prosseguimento do trabalho. Para este microorganismo os maiores nívies enzimáticos extracelulares foram obtidos em 3 dias de cultivo em FSbm e 8 dias em FSS, sendo para esta última utilizados produtos agroindustriais e folhas de vegetais de diferentes espécies secas trituradas umedecidas com água de torneira (1:1; p/v). As tanases extra e intracelular foram purificadas 61 e 2,5 vezes com recuperação de 30% e 8,8%, respectivamente. Eletroforese em condições não desnaturantes (PAGE 7%) mostrou a presença de uma única banda protéica revelada por prata e para atividade tanásica com a mesma mobilidade relativa. A forma extracelular possui massa molecular nativa de aproximadamente 322kDa com 50% de conteúdo de carboidratos. Já a enzima intracelular apresentou massa molecular nativa de 258kDa e 17% de... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Tannases (EC 3.1.1.20) are inducible enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of ester and depside bonds in hydrolysable tannins releasing glucose and ellagic acid or gallic acid, which is an important compound used in pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Among different organisms able to produce these enzymes, the microorganisms, especially filamentous fungi deserve attention since they can act on different tannins degradation ways. In this context, the aim of this work was to study the intra and extracellular tannases from the filamentous fungus Emericella nivea produced in Submerged Fermentation (SbmF) and Solid Substrate Fermentation (SSF), purifying and characterizing them biochemically, as well to immobilize the extracellular enzyme in agarose supports. First of all, it was selected the best tannase producer among 42 strains, in Khanna culture medium with 2% tannic acid as carbon source for 3-4 days at 30°C, and the fungus Emericella nivea was selected. This fungus produced high levels of extracellular enzyme at 3 and 8 days when cultivated in SbmF and SSF at 30°C, respectivally. FSS was performed with agroindustrial products or crushed dried leaves of different plants umidified with tap water (1:1, w/v). The extra and intracellular tannases were purified 61 times and 2.5-times, with recovery of 30% and 8.8%, respectivally. Non-denaturing electrophoresis (PAGE 7%), showed a unique proteic band stained by silver and for activity, both with the same relative mobility. The extracellular enzyme, probably, is a hetero-dimeric protein with native molecular mass of 322 kDa with 50% of carbohydrate content and the intracellular with native molecular mass of 258 kDa and 17% of carbohydrate. The optimum temperature were 45ºC and 50°C for the extra and intracellular enzymes, respectively and the optimum pH for both enzymes was 5.0. The soluble tannases were thermostable with... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Shimode, Shinji. "Ecology of night emerging copepods in Tanabe Bay, Japan." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/150033.

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SILVA, Vanilla Mergulhão Alves da. "Produção de tanase por espécies de Aspergillus e Penicillium mantidas na micoteca URM e aplicação para clarificar suco de mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) e Tamarindo (Tamarindus indica L.)." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/26035.

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CAPES
Tanase é uma enzima extracelular induzível produzida por fungos filamentosos, leveduras e bactérias através de Fermentação em Estado Sólido (FES) ou Submersa (FS). Taninos são compostos fenólicos presentes nas plantas, sendo assim, as folhas podem ser ótimos indicadores para a produção da tanase. Espécies de Aspergillus e Penicillium se destacam na produção da FES devido a capacidade de suportar diferentes condições físico-quimica. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a produção de tanase por isolados de Aspergillus e Penicillium, através da FES, utilizando folhas de castanhola (Terminalia catappa L.) como substrato, selecionar o melhor produtor de tanase, otimizar a produção, purificar e aplicar na clarificação dos sucos de mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) e tamarindo (Tamarindus indica L.). As melhores condições foram determinadas utilizando como ferramenta o Planejamento Placket-Burman (PB) e Metodologia de Superfície de Resposta (MSR). Todas as culturas testadas produziram atividade entre 238,93 e 2088,19 U/gbs. Aspergillus carneus URM 5577 se destacou como o melhor produtor. Os melhores parâmetros para a produção de tanase foram: 70 horas de cultivo, pH 6,0, ácido tânico na concentração de 7% à 28°C, como variável resposta a atividade de 5449,31 U/gbs. A melhor condição para a pré-purificação foi a massa molecular do PEG 8000 (g/mol), concentração de PEG de 15% (m/m), citrato de 25% (m/m) e pH 8,0. Em sua aplicação, com o extrato bruto, o suco de mangaba reduziu o teor de tanino em 49,66% após 90 minutos, e tamarindo em 51,82% aos 120 minutos de incubação à 37 °C. As folhas da castanhola se mostrou como um excelente potencial para a produção da enzima, diminuindo assim os custos da produção e enaltecendo o valor do substrato.
Tannase is an inducible extracellular enzyme produced by filamentous fungi, yeasts and bacteria by Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) or submerged (SmF). Tannins are phenolic compounds present in plants, therefore, the sheets can be good indicators for the production of tannase. Species of Aspergillus and Penicillium are highlighted in the production of SSF because of the ability to support different physical and chemical conditions. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the production of tannase by isolates of Aspergillus and Penicillium, by SSF, using sheets of castanets (Terminalia catappa L.) as a substrate, selecting the best tannase producer, optimize production, purify and apply the clarification mangaba of juices (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) and tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.). The best conditions were determined using as a tool the Placket-Burman Planning (PB) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). All tested crops produced activity between 238.93 and 2088.19 U/gds. Aspergillus carneus URM 5577 stood out as the best producer. The best parameters for producing tannase were 70 hours of cultivation, pH 6.0, tannic acid at a concentration of 7% at 28°C as the response variable 5449.31 activity U/gds. The best condition for the pre-purification was the molecular weight of PEG 8000 (g/mol), concentration of PEG 15% (w/w), 25% citrate (w/w) and pH 8.0. In its application, with the crude extract, the mangaba juice reduced the tannin content of 49.66% after 90 minutes and tamarind 51.82% to 120 minutes of incubation at 37°C. The leaves of the castanet was shown as an excellent potential for the production of the enzyme, thereby lowering the cost of production and exalting the value of the substrate.
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Books on the topic "Tanager"

1

Skutch, Alexander Frank. Life of the tanager. Ithaca: Comstock, 1989.

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Schaefer, Carole Lexa. Two scarlet songbirds: A story of Anton Dvor̆ák. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2001.

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ill, Chollat Emilie, ed. The little French whistle. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2002.

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Isler, Morton L. The tanagers: Natural history, distribution, and identification. Washington, D.C: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1987.

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Isler, Morton L. The tanagers: Natural history, distribution, and identification. Washington, D.C: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1999.

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Barber, Noel. Tanamera. [South Yarmouth, MA]: Curley Pub., 1991.

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Tous, Joan Fontana i. Tanagra. Barcelona: Viena, 2008.

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Aquino, Alfonso D'. Tanagra. México, D.F: Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes, Dirección General de Publicaciones, 1996.

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Barber, Noel. Tanamera. Bath: Chivers, 1991.

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Tous, Joan Fontana i. Tanagra. Barcelona: Viena, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tanager"

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Johnson, Erik I., and Jared D. Wolfe. "Thraupidae (Tanagers)." In Molt in Neotropical Birds, 353–78. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2017. | Series: Studies in avian biology: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315119755-36.

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Schuhmann, Karl. "Hajime Tanabe." In Edmund Husserl: Briefwechsel, 1515–24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0745-7_73.

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Li, Jie Jack. "Eschenmoser-Tanabe fragmentation." In Name Reactions, 112. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04835-1_92.

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Li, Jie Jack. "Eschenmoser–Tanabe fragmentation." In Name Reactions, 233–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03979-4_97.

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Li, Jie Jack. "Eschenmoser–Tanabe fragmentation." In Name Reactions, 208–9. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01053-8_90.

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Li, Jie Jack. "Eschenmoser-Tanabe fragmentation." In Name Reactions, 128. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05336-2_99.

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Avvari, Mohan V., and Anita Chakrabarty. "Cradling Two Worlds: Tanamera." In Management for Professionals, 123–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10907-3_10.

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Johnson, Erik I., and Jared D. Wolfe. "Cardinalidae (Cardinal Grosbeaks, Piranga Tanagers, and Allies)." In Molt in Neotropical Birds, 383–88. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2017. | Series: Studies in avian biology: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315119755-38.

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Grayson, David. "Bilitis and Tanagra: Afternoons with Nude Women." In Debussy and His World, edited by Jane Fulcher, 117–40. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400831951-005.

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Walters, K. R. "DIODORUS 11.82-84 AND THE SECOND BATTLE OF TANAGRA." In American Journal of Ancient History, edited by Ernst Badian, 188–91. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463237400-007.

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Conference papers on the topic "Tanager"

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Smith, Gillian, Jim Whitehead, and Michael Mateas. "Tanagra." In the Fifth International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1822348.1822376.

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Lally, Kevin Francis. "SEISMIC STRUCTURE OF TANAGA ISLAND, ALASKA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-303671.

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Nandakumar, E., R. Venkatesan, and S. Hemanthkumar. "Construction and cellularity of Tanabe algebras." In THE 11TH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5112263.

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Morrison, Clyde A., and Albert A. Pinto. "Tanabe-Sugano Type Plots for the 4dN and 5dN Transition-Metal Ions." In Advanced Solid State Lasers. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/assl.1990.tnl3.

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J. S. N., G., T. M. L., J. R. G. O., M. R. F. M., A. R. S., and T. C. C. L. "APLICAÇÃO DE TANASE PARCIALMENTE PURIFICADA EM TESTE DE DIGESTÃO IN VITRO DE ANIMAIS MONOGÁSTRICOS." In IV ENCONTRO NACIONAL DA AGROINDúSTRIA. Galoa, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17648/enag-2018-91842.

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Gordienko, T. A., R. A. Sukhodolskaya, D. N. Vavilov, and Yu A. Lukyanova. "SUSTAINABILITY OF PEDOBIONT MEADOW COMMUNITIES UNDER ANTHROPOGENIC LOAD." In V International Scientific Conference CONCEPTUAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF INVERTEBRATE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND BIOLOGICAL EDUCATION. Tomsk State University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-931-0-2020-12.

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Studies of the soil mesofauna were carried out in Tanaev meadows of the «Nizhnyaya Kama» National Park in natural and disturbed areas. The abundance of pedobionts and herpetobionts in natural areas significantly exceeded the abundance in disturbed areas. However, the taxonomic composition and trophic structure were similar. In general, communities structure indexes in natural sites indicate a stable ecosystem of floodplain meadows. The observance of pipe laying technology during further restoration of disturbed areas, high soil moisture and a small width of the disturbed soil layer contribute to the preservation and rapid restoration of the structure and population of large soil and litter invertebrates of meadow phytocenosis.
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Browne, Brandon, and Frank Tepley. "VERY COARSE-GRAINED PLAGIOCLASE-CPX-HORNBLENDE ORTHOCUMULATE XENOLITHS FROM EAST TANAGA VOLCANO, WESTERN ALUETIAN ISLANDS, ALASKA." In 112th Annual GSA Cordilleran Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016cd-274417.

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Myers, Jerry G., and Terry Wright. "An Inviscid Low-Solidity Cascade Design Routine." In ASME 1993 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/93-gt-162.

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An investigation was performed to determine a suitable method of designing and analyzing the performance of straight axial fan cascades of solidities below 0.6. The methods investigated included direct interpolation between design values obtained from experimental data at solidities of 0.6 and isolated airfoil theory predictions. A new inviscid design technique developed from a simplified low-solidity analysis procedure by J. Horlock and K. Tanabe was also developed. Testing of these methods was performed using a PC based inviscid “panel” routine developed by McFarland at NASA-Lewis. Results of the investigation yielded a reasonably accurate method for the design of axial fan cascades for solidities ranging from 0.2 to 0.6 which can supplement an existing design system that requires cascade design information lying beyond the range of NACA testing.
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