Academic literature on the topic 'Tamarini'
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Journal articles on the topic "Tamarini"
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Evans, David T., Leslie A. Knapp, Peicheng Jing, Marian S. Piekarczyk, Virginia S. Hinshaw, and David I. Watkins. "Three Different MHC Class I Molecules Bind the Same CTL Epitope of the Influenza Virus in a Primate Species with Limited MHC Class I Diversity." Journal of Immunology 162, no. 7 (April 1, 1999): 3970–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.162.7.3970.
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Abstract One of the most remarkable features of the MHC class I loci of most outbred mammalian populations is their exceptional diversity, yet the functional importance of this diversity remains to be fully understood. The cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus) is unusual in having MHC class I loci that exhibit both limited polymorphism and sequence variation. To investigate the functional implications of limited MHC class I diversity in this outbred primate species, we infected five tamarins with influenza virus and defined the CTL epitopes recognized by each individual. In addition to an immunodominant epitope of the viral nucleoprotein (NP) that was recognized by all individuals, two tamarins also made a response to the same epitope of the matrix (M1) protein. Surprisingly, these two tamarins used different MHC class I molecules, Saoe-G*02 and -G*04, to present the M1 epitope. In addition, CTLs from one of the tamarins recognized target cells that expressed neither Saoe-G*02 nor -G*04, but, rather, a third MHC class I molecule, Saoe-G*12. Sequence analysis revealed that Saoe-G*12 differs from both Saoe-G*02 and -G*04 by only two nucleotides and was probably generated by recombination between these two alleles. These results demonstrate that at least three of the tamarin’s MHC class I molecules can present the same epitope to virus-specific CTLs. Thus, four of the tamarin’s 12 MHC class I molecules bound only two influenza virus CTL epitopes. Therefore, the functional diversity of cotton-top tamarin’s MHC class I loci may be even more limited than their genetic diversity suggests.
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Madden, D., P. A. Garber, S. L. Madden, and C. A. Snyder. "Rain-forest canopy-connectivity and habitat selection by a small neotropical primate, Geoffroy's tamarin (Saguinus geoffroyi)." Journal of Tropical Ecology 26, no. 6 (October 11, 2010): 637–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467410000441.
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Abstract:Wild populations of a small neotropical primate, Geoffroy's tamarin (Saguinus geoffroyi), were studied through 30-s instantaneous observational sampling to identify different canopy habitats used by this tamarin. Tree and shrub canopies were sampled in randomly selected plots and in nearby plots that tamarins were observed to use in the forests of Agua Clara, Panama (28 d, 59 100-m2 plots, 32.25 h of tamarin observations, 27 tamarins in total), and in the nearby forests of Barro Colorado Island (49 d, 29 100-m2 plots, 29.6 h of tamarin observations, 14 tamarins in total). Light penetration through the canopy, ambient temperature and humidity, presence of other primates, stem diameters, plant life-forms, distribution of woody flora, abundance of fleshy fruits and arthropods typically consumed by tamarins and abundance of thorny vegetation and biting arthropods in plots used by tamarins were compared with control plots. Habitats used by tamarins had significantly shorter distances between adjacent tree canopies and between canopies and the ground. There was a random distribution of large insects and fleshy fruits that tamarins are known to eat. Habitat selection by tamarins may not be influenced by spiny vegetation, but tamarins may avoid areas with abundant hooked thorns and blood-sucking arthropods. Mobility along runways in various tiers of a rain-forest canopy may be of primary importance, with local abundance of food being a secondary consideration in habitat selection by this small primate.
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Lapenta, Marina Janzantti, and Paula Procópio-de-Oliveira. "The Fate of Seeds Dispersed by Golden Lion Tamarins (Leontopithecus Rosalia) in an Atlantic Forest Fragment, Brazil." Tropical Conservation Science 2, no. 3 (September 2009): 266–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194008290900200301.
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Frugivores, as seed dispersers may influence the spatial patterns of adult and juvenile plants, but a large portion of the potential recruitment of plant populations is lost to seed predators. The majority of seeds dispersed by primates are killed by seed predators or moved by secondary dispersers. Little is known about post-dispersal seed-predation and seedling distribution of exploited plant species. This study iinvestigated the survival and establishment of seedlings from seeds defecated by the golden lion tamarin ( Leontopithecus rosalia), a frugivorous endemic primate of the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Two groups of golden lion tamarins were studied in the União Biological Reserve from April 2003 to March 2004. Seeds from fruits consumed by tamarins and collected from their feces were evaluated with respect to the following: germination success, seed disappearance or secondary dispersal on the forest floor, seed predation, and seedling establishment and survival for the length of the study period. The tamarin groups consumed 88 fruit species. Of these, 38 were used to run 107 experiments which indicated that more than 50% of the seeds disappeared, about 15% died before germinating and seeds of 22 species reached the seedling stage. At the end of the study, only 15 of these species still had surviving seedlings. Studies on seed fate are important for understanding the role of the golden lion tamarind in the natural process of forest regeneration in the lowland Atlantic Forest of the state of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil.
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Ruiz-Miranda, Carlos Ramon, Adriana Gomes Affonso, Marcio Marcelo de Morais, Carlos Eduardo Verona, Andreia Martins, and Benjamin B. Beck. "Behavioral and ecological interactions between reintroduced golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia Linnaeus, 1766) and introduced marmosets (Callithrix spp, Linnaeus, 1758) in Brazil's Atlantic Coast forest fragments." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 49, no. 1 (January 2006): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132006000100012.
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Marmosets (Callithrix spp.) have been introduced widely in areas within Rio de Janeiro state assigned for the reintroduction of the endangered golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia). The objetives of this study were to estimate the marmoset (CM) population in two fragments with reintroduced golden lion tamarin to quantify the association and characterize the interactions between species. The CM population density (0,09 ind/ha) was higher than that of the golden lion tamarin (0,06 ind/ha). The mean association index between tamarins and marmosets varied among groups and seasons (winter=62% and summer=35%). During the winter, competition resulted in increases in territorial and foraging behavior when associated with marmosets. Evidence of benefits during the summer was reduced adult vigilance while associated to marmosets. Golden lion tamarins were also observed feeding on gums obtained from tree gouges made by the marmosets. Marmosets represented a threat for the conservation of golden lion tamarins.
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Wea, Redempta, I. Gusti Komang Oka Wirawan, and Bernadete Barek Koten. "Kecernaan Nutrien pada Babi Lokal Periode Pertumbuhan yang Diberi Ransum Mengandung Biji Asam Biokonversi Spontan (NUTRIENTS DIGESTIBILITY IN GROWING LOCAL PIG FED WITH DIET COMPOSED OF SPONTENOUS BIOCONVERTED-TAMARIND SEED)." Jurnal Veteriner 18, no. 4 (January 23, 2018): 610. http://dx.doi.org/10.19087/jveteriner.2017.18.4.610.
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A research aimed to evaluate nutrients digestibility in growing local male pig fed spontaneous bioconverted-tamarind seed has been done in animal feed technology laboratory of Kupang State Agricultural Polytechnic.The research used 25 local male grower pigs with body weight around 3-6 kg. The study used a randomized block design with five treatments, i.e. R0 = ration using tamarind seeds without bioconversion, R1 = ration using spontaneous bioconversion tamarinds for 24 hours, R2 = rations using spontaneous bioconversion tamarinds for 48 hours, R3 = rations using bioconversion tamarinds spontaneous for 72 hours, and R4 = rations using spontaneous bioconversion tamarinds for 96 hours. Each treatment was repeated five times in which each of them used five pigs. Parameters observed were nutrient digestibility (dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, and ash). The data were analyzed by using variance and continued by Duncan’s multiple range test to determine the differences between treatments. The results showed that the time of spontaneous bioconversion of tamarind seeds increased the digestibility of tamarind seed nutrients and it was concluded that the best time of spontaneous bioconversion was for 72 hours.
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Snowdon, Charles T., and David Teie. "Affective responses in tamarins elicited by species-specific music." Biology Letters 6, no. 1 (September 2, 2009): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0593.
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Theories of music evolution agree that human music has an affective influence on listeners. Tests of non-humans provided little evidence of preferences for human music. However, prosodic features of speech (‘motherese’) influence affective behaviour of non-verbal infants as well as domestic animals, suggesting that features of music can influence the behaviour of non-human species. We incorporated acoustical characteristics of tamarin affiliation vocalizations and tamarin threat vocalizations into corresponding pieces of music. We compared music composed for tamarins with that composed for humans. Tamarins were generally indifferent to playbacks of human music, but responded with increased arousal to tamarin threat vocalization based music, and with decreased activity and increased calm behaviour to tamarin affective vocalization based music. Affective components in human music may have evolutionary origins in the structure of calls of non-human animals. In addition, animal signals may have evolved to manage the behaviour of listeners by influencing their affective state.
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Schulman, F. Y., R. J. Montali, M. Bush, S. B. Citino, L. A. Tell, J. D. Ballou, T. L. Hutson, et al. "Dubin-Johnson-like Syndrome in Golden Lion Tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia rosalia)." Veterinary Pathology 30, no. 6 (November 1993): 491–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098589303000601.
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On routine blood screens, persistent conjugated hyperbilirubinemia was discovered in two groups of closely related adult female golden lion tamarins ( Leontopithecus rosalia rosalia, n = 8). Bromosulfophthalein (BSP) retention tests were performed on four hyperbilirubinemic and three control tamarins. BSP excretion was delayed in hyperbilirubinemic tamarins as compared with controls. Grossly, liver of affected tamarins was dark brown to black, with a prominent reticulated pattern. Histologic examination revealed abundant intrahepatic pigment, primarily in a centrilobular and midzonal distribution. Most of the pigment did not react with Perls' Prussian blue method for iron. Hall's method for bilirubin, or the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology acid-fast method for lipofuscin but was positive with Fontana and lipofuscin-ferric ferricyanide reduction techniques. Liver from control golden lion tamarins had intrahepatocellular Perls' iron-positive pigment diffusely throughout the lobule with a small amount of Fontana method-positive pigment. Ultrastructurally, hepatocytes from a hyperbilirubinemic tamarin contained pleomorphic electron-dense structures within lysosomes. Transport studies demonstrated secretion of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled glycocholic acid, a fluorescent bile acid analog, into bile canaliculi and no secretion of carboxydichlorofluorescein diacetate, a non-bile acid organic anion, by liver from a hyperbilirubinemic tamarin. In contrast, control liver secreted carboxydichlorofluorescein diacetate readily into bile canaliculi. The clinicopathologic presentation of this syndrome in golden lion tamarins is similar to that described for Dubin-Johnson syndrome of human beings.
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Murray, Leeland, Brian J. Schutte, Amy C. Ganguli, and Erik A. Lehnhoff. "Impacts of Tamarix (L.) Litter and Mycorrhizal Amendments on Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. Competitiveness and Mycorrhizal Colonization." Agronomy 9, no. 8 (August 15, 2019): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9080453.
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Tamarix spp. are ecological threats in the Southwest U.S.A. because they displace native vegetation, increase soil salinity, and negatively affect soil microbial communities. After Tamarix L. removal, legacy effects often necessitate restoration to improve ecosystem services of Tamarix-impacted communities. Commercial mycorrhizae fungal inoculation has been recommended to improve restoration success, although inoculation treatments are rarely tested on lesser-known facultative riparian species. Our study asked two questions: (1) Can a commercial mycorrhizal fungal inoculant increase native Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. (mule-fat) performance against Tamarix chinensis Lour. (i.e., tamarisk) and is this influenced by tamarisk leaf litter? (2) Is mycorrhizal colonization of mule-fat roots influenced by tamarisk stem density and leaf litter? A greenhouse experiment was performed with mule-fat cuttings in soil collected from a tamarisk monoculture. Treatments were factorial combinations of tamarisk stem densities (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 stems pot−1) with or without mycorrhizal inoculation and tamarisk litter. There were five replications and two greenhouse runs. The total biomass of both species was determined and mule-fat arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization rates were determined via the magnified intersection method. Increasing tamarisk biomass negatively affected mule-fat biomass, but there were interactions with tamarisk biomass, litter and mycorrhizal inoculation, with litter and inoculation increasing mule-fat growth at high tamarisk biomass. Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization was high in all treatments, yet at higher tamarisk stem densities, inoculation and litter improved colonization. Interestingly, litter did not negatively impact mule-fat as predicted. Moreover, litter and mycorrhizal inoculum interacted with tamarisk to improve mule-fat growth at higher tamarisk biomass, suggesting an opportunity to improve restoration success when in competition with tamarisk.
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Nam, Jae-Hwan, Kristina Faulk, Ronald E. Engle, Sugantha Govindarajan, Marisa St. Claire, and Jens Bukh. "In Vivo Analysis of the 3′ Untranslated Region of GB Virus B after In Vitro Mutagenesis of an Infectious cDNA Clone: Persistent Infection in a Transfected Tamarin." Journal of Virology 78, no. 17 (September 1, 2004): 9389–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.17.9389-9399.2004.
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ABSTRACT GB virus B (GBV-B), the virus most closely related to hepatitis C virus (HCV), infects tamarins and causes acute hepatitis. The 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of an infectious GBV-B clone (pGBB) has a proximal short sequence followed by a poly(U) tract and a 3′ terminal sequence. Our investigators previously demonstrated that the 3′ terminal sequence was critical for in vivo infectivity. Here, we tested the effect of deleting the short sequence and/or the poly(U) tract from pGBB; infectivity of each mutant was tested by intrahepatic transfection of two tamarins with transcribed RNA. A mutant lacking both regions was not viable. However, mutants lacking either the short sequence or the poly(U) tract were viable. All four tamarins had a wild-type-like acute infection and developed acute hepatitis. Whereas we found that five tamarins transfected with the wild-type clone pGBB had acute resolving infection, one tamarin transfected with the poly(U) deletion mutant became persistently infected. This animal had viremia and hepatitis until its death at week 90. The genomes recovered at weeks 2, 7, 15, 20, 60, and 90 lacked the poly(U) stretch. Eight amino acid changes were identified at week 90. One change, in the putative p7 protein, was dominant at week 15. Thus, persistence of GBV-B, like persistence of HCV, was associated with the emergence of virus variants. Four tamarins inoculated with serum collected at weeks 2 and 90 from the tamarin with persistent infection had an acute resolving infection. Nonetheless, the demonstration that GBV-B can persist in tamarins strengthens its relevance as a surrogate model for the study of HCV.
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Evans, D. T., M. S. Piekarczyk, T. M. Allen, J. E. Boyson, M. Yeager, A. L. Hughes, F. M. Gotch, V. S. Hinshaw, and D. I. Watkins. "Immunodominance of a single CTL epitope in a primate species with limited MHC class I polymorphism." Journal of Immunology 159, no. 3 (August 1, 1997): 1374–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.159.3.1374.
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Abstract MHC class I molecules play a crucial role in immunity to viral infections by presenting viral peptides to cytotoxic T lymphocytes. One of the hallmarks of MHC class I genes in outbred populations is their extraordinary polymorphism, yet the significance of this diversity is poorly understood. Certain species with reduced MHC class I diversity, such as the cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus), are more susceptible to fatal viral infections. To explore the relationship between this primate's limited MHC class I diversity and its susceptibility to viruses, we infected five cotton-top tamarins with influenza virus. Every tamarin recognized the same immunodominant CTL epitope of the influenza nucleoprotein. Surprisingly, this nucleoprotein peptide was bound by Saoe-G*08, an MHC class I molecule expressed by every cotton-top tamarin. Two tamarins also made a subdominant response to an epitope of the matrix (M1) protein. This peptide appeared to be bound by another common MHC class I molecule. With the exception of an additional subdominant response to the polymerase (PB2) protein in one individual, no other influenza-specific CTL responses were detected. In populations or species with limited MHC class I polymorphism like the cotton-top tamarin, a dependence on shared MHC class I molecules may enhance susceptibility to viral infection, since viruses that evade MHC class I-restricted recognition in one individual will likely evade recognition in the majority of individuals.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tamarini"
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Jamison, Levi Ryder, and Levi Ryder Jamison. "Population Dynamics of the Northern Tamarisk Beetle (Diorhabda carinulata) Within the Colorado River Basin." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622863.
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The Northern tamarisk beetle (Diorhabda carinulata) was introduced to the Colorado River Basin in 2004 as a biological control agent for the invasive shrub: tamarisk (Tamarix spp.). Since 2004, D. carinulata has colonized much of the Colorado River Basin, defoliating tamarisk and adapting to local abiotic cues as it has spread across the landscape. I studied the interplay of abiotic cues, tamarisk defoliation, and the population dynamics of D. carinulata along portions of the Colorado, Dolores, and San Juan rivers from 2007-2012. My results suggest that the timing and location of tamarisk defoliation can be predicted based on the abiotic cues of a location (specifically temperature and day length) and the spatial distribution of D. carinulata across the landscape. In contrast, I also found that the spatial distribution of D. carinulata was often a result of D. carinulata abandoning areas where it had defoliated tamarisk at high intensities. I found that larval abundances from the first new generation of D. carinulata produced in a year were positively linearly correlated with defoliation intensities one month later. Comparatively, generations of larvae produced later in the season were correlated with defoliation intensity along a bell curve, in which the number of D. carinulata declined in areas>50% defoliated. The timing of defoliation during the active season was correlated with the arrival of each new generation of larvae. I found the number of generations of D. carinulata produced in a year varied based on spring temperatures and fall day lengths. The timing of when spring temperatures rose above 15°C dictated when D. carinulata could begin reproductive activity, and this in turn resulted in how early in the year tamarisk could become defoliated. Day length cues governing overwintering in D. carinulata appear to have shortened by>30 min. compared to populations of D. carinulata first released in North America in 2001, resulting in longer duration of activity into the fall. We found the range of D. carinulata could grow as much as 62.8±5.6 km in a year along a linear riparian system, and populations of D. carinulata could defoliate between 24±11.2 and 116±11.2 km of river corridor tamarisk in a year.
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Pearlstein, Susanna Lee. "Methods for Measuring Tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) Water Use on Two Sub-Watersheds in The Western United States as Impacted by The Tamarisk Leaf Beetle (Diorhabda spp.)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/594631.
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The Dolores River in Utah and the Virgin River in Nevada are ecosystems under pressure from increased groundwater withdrawal due to growing human populations, climate change and introduced species such as Tamarix spp. (tamarisk). Tamarisk is reputed to take excessive water from its environment. Controlling tamarisk is of concern in the western United States where plants grow quickly in already fragile and diminishing riparian areas. For this reason, biologic control beetles Chrysomelidae: Diorhabda carinulata were released to weaken the tamarisk population, thus reducing its water use. The studies for this dissertation were conducted between 2010 and 2011. We quantified tamarisk water use over multiple cycles of annual defoliation using sap flow measurements, leaf area index (LAI), well data, allometry and satellite imagery from EOS-1 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) sensor. Study objectives for the Virgin River were to measure evapotranspiration (ET) before beetles ever arrived and to examine the effects on tamarisk ET in the year after beetle arrival. This site showed plant ET from sap flow averaged about 4.3 mm m⁻² leaf day⁻¹ in 2010. In 2011, ET from sap flow averaged 6.4 mm m⁻² leaf area day⁻¹ pre beetle arrival, but dropped to 3-4 mm m⁻² leaf area day⁻¹ after beetle arrival. Stand level ET measured by MODIS was 2.2 mm d⁻¹ in 2010 and approximately 1.5 mm day⁻¹ when beetle arrival was measured in 2011. Significant visual change was apparent as the trees senesced. Results showed the first year of beetle arrival resulted in reduced ET but did not result in significant water savings. We also compared the reaction of the newly defoliated (in 2011) Virgin River site to the long-term defoliated (since 2007) Dolores River site to explore if all beetle invasions were created equal. This paper views the two sites as fairly extreme examples of tamarisk stand reaction to the beetle. While no mortality was reported at the Dolores River site, the site is much older, less photosynthetically active and covers far less ground when compared to the younger tamarisk monoculture on the Virgin River. Pre-beetle arrival Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values were higher on the Virgin River than on the Dolores River. Beetle arrival at each site was captured with Landsat NDVI and a reduced NDVI signal (13% drop in NDVI at Dolores River, 5% drop at Virgin River) was seen after beetle arrival.
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Watanabe, Anna Paula. "Microfiltraçao de suco de tamarindo (Tamarindus indica L.) por membrana polimerica : efeito do tratamento enzimatico, da velocidade tangencial e da pressao transmembrana." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254793.
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Orientador: Luiz Antonio ViottoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: A aplicação do processo de microfiltração para clarificação de certos sucos de frutas tem demonstrado resultados economicamente viáveis. Inúmeros sucos de frutas típicas do Brasil ainda não foram testados neste tipo de processo, visando a sua clarificação. Suco de tamarindo (Tamarindus indica L.) reconstituído na proporção de 1 de polpa para 3 de água foi microfiltrado a 35ºC, em membrana tubular de polipropileno de diâmetro médio de poro de 0,2 µm, variando-se as condições de pressão transmembrana, velocidade de escoamento e utilizando ou não um pré-tratamento enzimático da polpa. Foram observados fluxos finais de permeado de 70 a 115 kg/m2h. O aumento da pressão transmembrana aumentou o fouling, mas resultou em altos valores de fluxo de permeação, tanto iniciais quanto finais. Alta pressão associada ao uso de enzima pectinolítica na concentração de 100 ppm apresentou o melhor resultado de fluxo final, a um fator de concentração igual a dois e, conseqüentemente, no menor tempo de processamento. O aumento da velocidade de escoamento e uso de baixas pressões melhorou o fluxo de modo geral, e o uso concomitante de enzima, melhorou ainda mais o fluxo. Ao usar alta velocidade e alta pressão, o fluxo foi elevado no processamento em que não foi feito o tratamento enzimático. Entretanto, no processamento em que foi realizado o tratamento enzimático, o fluxo diminui em 26%, possivelmente devido ao aumento do fouling na membrana. O permeado obtido apresentou uma coloração amarelo ouro, límpido e sem presença de sólidos insolúveis. Houve também retenção de sólidos solúveis (açúcares e pectinas, entre outros) e, conseqüentemente, dos sólidos totais (diminuição da umidade no retentado). Os resultados de fluxo de permeado em diversas condições de operação permitiram uma análise da influência da camada gel e do fouling de acordo com a teoria de resistências em série. Os dados obtidos para a construção da curva de permação foram ajustados a um modelo matemático, baseado na teoria de renovação de superfície, e calcularam-se os valores da constante de declínio de fluxo. Estes foram maiores nos experimentos em que se fez uso de altas pressões e tratamento enzimático
Abstract: Clarification of a lot of fruit juices using microfiltration process has been showing viable economic results. Countless juices of typical fruits of Brazil aren't studied yet in membrane separation process. Tamarind juice (Tamarindus indica L.) reconstituted at 35ºC was microfiltred using a polypropylene tubular membrane of 0,2 µm average diameter poro. The operating conditions of transmembrane pressure, crossflow velocity and enzymatic treatment were evaluated. Final fluxes values of 70 until 115 kg/m2h was observed. The increase in transmembrane pressure resulted in high fouling, but increased the values of inicial and final permeates fluxes. Associated of enzyme pectinolitic at 100 ppm, this experiment presents the best result of final flux and, consequently, the smaller time processing. The increase in crossflow velocity and use of low transmembrane pressure improved the fluxes in general, and using enzymes at the same time, improved the fluxes even more. High crossflow velocities and high transmembrane pressures results in high fluxes just in the experiment without enzymatic treatment. In the experiment where enzymatic treatment was done, the flux reduce 26%, possible due to increase of the fouling on membrane. The permeate presents a gold yellow colour, cloudless and without insoluble solids. There was soluble solids (sugar, pectin etc.) retention and, consequently, total solids retention (reducing of humidity in retentate). The influence of polarized layer and the fouling in several operating conditions results of fluxes allow an analysis by resistance in series theory. The experimental data picked to permeate curve was ajusted to mathematical model based on surface renewal theory and the flux decay constant were calculated. There were higher on experiments with high pressure and enzymatic treatment
Mestrado
Mestre em Engenharia de Alimentos
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Hardie, Scott M. "The behaviour of mixed-species tamarin groups (Saguinus labiatus & Saguinus fuscicollis)." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21900.
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Saguinus labiatus lahiatus and S. juscicollis weddelli form stable mixed-species groups in the wild. This thesis investigates the costs and benefits of such an association, with particular emphasis on determining species differences, the "behavioural differences hypothesis". A nine month field study was conducted in northern Bolivia, which showed that the species differed in mean height used in the forest, method of locomotion, and preferred insect foraging strategies. Subsequent investigations were conducted on captive single species and mixed-species groups at Belfast Zoo. Preliminary observations of mixed-species groups in standard enclosures and while free-ranging, demonstrated that they behaved in a similar way to their wild counterparts, where the S. labiatus had priority of access to food and utilised a higher mean height in the cage. Therefore, it is reasonable to relate the results of captive investigations to the wild situation. The "behavioural differences hypothesis" was investigated through the presentation of novel objects in various parts of the environment. Both species' reactions to objects varied according to predictions based on their vertical partitioning. S. labiatus were found to use a more visually orientated approach than S. juscicollis, and this can be related to insect foraging strategies in the wild. An experiment was conducted with novel food and non-food objects, in order to test the "social facilitation hypothesis", which predicts that the behaviour of one species can orientate the other towards the presence of food. Results suggest that S. labiatus have priority of access to objects and are first to consume food, but S.juscicollis are able to use this behaviour and always gained some food. The results suggest that overall both species benefit from increased foraging efficiency. The hypothesis that individuals in mixed-species groups benefit from decreased predation through increased vigilance was investigated, and supported, as members of both species were shown to benefit from a decrease in individual vigilance effort, but an overall increase in total vigilance per unit time. This was shown in both general vigilance and in the active monitoring of a threatening stimuli. Findings are discussed in terms of costs and benefits towards the participants in mixed-species groups, and are compared to the main theoretical viewpoints in the literature.
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Ferreira, Karen Carvalho. "Caracterização integral de frutos tamarindo (Tamarindus indica L.) do cerrado de Goiás, Brasil e aplicação em produtos drageados." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/9124.
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Brazil is a country with different biomes and great diversity of little explored vegetal species, and the Cerrado biome is known for the wealth of resources and flora. Among the fruit trees in the Cerrado, the tamarind tree stands out. Its fruit has excellent nutritional properties, but researches involving all the fruit's uses are still insignificant. The objective of this work was to characterize and evaluate tamarind pulp, shell and seeds (Tamarindus indica L.), to develop salted dragees using the flours of the by-products shell and seeds, besides evaluating the nutritional and sensorial quality of the dragees produced. The fruits were collected in Rio Verde and Ceres, Goiás, Brazil, and divided into pulp, shell and seeds. Physical, chemical, nutritional, calorimetry and antioxidant and antinutritional analyzes were performed. The results of this study indicated that the collected fruits obtained a higher proportion of pulp in relation to the residual parts, presented high carbohydrate content and low water activity for the three portions (pulp, peels and seeds) and lower values of ash, lipids and proteins. The shell and seed flours presented high content of total dietary fiber and pulp of the fruit had acid pH and high titratable acidity. The seed flour had a water absorption and solubility index greater than the shell flour, and a lower oil absorption index. The tamarind pulp presented 4 peaks in its thermogram (from 35 to 155 °C), and the tamarind shell and seed flours presented pulp-like behavior after 115 °C with 2 endothermic peaks. All the analyzed fruit portions had high antioxidant capacity, not significantly different from each other. The methanolic extract was more efficient in the extraction of the phenolic compounds of the three portions of tamarind, being the highest content found in the seeds. The tamarind shell showed low toxicity to Artemia salina and the seeds and pulp presented no toxicity. For the antinutritional factors, the tamarind pulp showed the highest nitrate content and absence of trypsin inhibitor. The tamarind seeds presented the highest amount of tannins. For the elaboration of the salted dragee with application of flours of by-products of tamarind was used the design of mixture with six formulations of dragees, where the closest to the commercial in relation to hardness was selected for the sensory and proximal analyzes. The dragee selected had lower instrumental hardness than commercial dragee and low water activity, high lipid, protein and energy value. The addition of flours of tamarind by-products influenced the fiber content, which was higher than in the commercial dragee. The dragee selected was well accepted, with the exception of the appearance attribute and, according to the tasters, would probably buy the new product.
O Brasil é um país com diferentes biomas e grande diversidade de espécies vegetais pouco exploradas, e o bioma Cerrado é conhecido pela riqueza de fauna e flora. Dentre as frutíferas existentes no Cerrado, destaca-se o tamarindeiro. Seu fruto apresenta excelentes propriedades nutricionais, porém pesquisas envolvendo todas as utilidades do fruto ainda são pouco significativas. O objetivo do trabalho foi caracterizar e avaliar polpa, casca e sementes de tamarindo (Tamarindus indica L.), desenvolver drageados salgados utilizando as farinhas dos subprodutos cascas e sementes, além de avaliar a qualidade nutricional e sensorial dos drageados produzidos. Os frutos foram coletados em Rio Verde e Ceres, Goiás, Brasil, e divididos em polpa, cascas e sementes. Realizou-se caracterização física, química, nutricional, calorimetria, antioxidantes e antinutricionais. Os resultados desse estudo indicaram que os frutos coletados obtiveram maior proporção de polpa em relação as partes residuais, apresentaram alto teor de carboidrato e baixa atividade de água para as três porções (polpa, cascas e sementes) e menores valores de cinzas, lipídeos e proteínas. As farinhas de casca e semente apresentaram alto teor de fibra alimentar total e polpa do fruto apresentou pH ácido e alta acidez titulável. A farinha das sementes apresentou índice de absorção e solubilidade em água maiores que a farinha das cascas, e menor índice de absorção de óleo. A polpa de tamarindo apresentou 4 picos em seu termograma (de 35 a 155°C), e as farinhas de casca e semente de tamarindo apresentaram comportamento semelhante a polpa após 115 °C, com 2 picos endotérmicos. Todas as porções do fruto analisadas apresentaram capacidade antioxidante, não diferindo significativamente entre si. O extrato metanólico foi mais eficiente na extração dos compostos fenólicos das três porções do tamarindo, sendo o maior teor encontrado nas sementes. A casca apresentou baixa toxicidade frente a Artemia salina e as sementes e polpa não apresentaram toxicidade. Para os fatores antinutricionais, a polpa de tamarindo apresentou o maior teor de nitratos e ausência de inibidor de tripsina. As sementes de tamarindo apresentaram a maior quantidade de taninos. Para a elaboração dos drageado salgado com aplicação de farinhas de coprodutos de tamarindo foi utilizado delineamento de mistura com seis formulações de drageados, onde o mais próximo do comercial em relação à dureza foi selecionado para as análises sensorial e proximal. O drageado selecionado apresentou dureza instrumental inferior à do drageado comercial e baixa atividade de água, alto valor de lipídeos, proteínas e valor energético. A adição das farinhas de coprodutos de tamarindo influenciou o conteúdo de fibras, sendo este mais elevado que no drageado comercial. O drageado selecionado obteve boa aceitação, com exceção do atributo aparência e, de acordo com os provadores, provavelmente comprariam o novo produto.
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Martenson, Melissa Elizabeth. "An assessment of behavior associated with reproduction and infant caretaking in a captive family group of Saguinus midas midas." PDXScholar, 1991. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4195.
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The present study gathered both general and specific information about the behavior of a captive family group of Saguinus midas midas [red-handed tamarins] housed at the Washington Park Zoo, Portland, Oregon, USA. Saquinus midas midas is a rarely studied species, and detailed information about the behavior of this species is virtually nonexistent. For this reason, this study collected information about both activity budgets and social grouping within this family group.
The primary focus of this study was, however, the socialization of captive juvenile tamarins with respect to several behaviors relevant to reproductive success among the Callitrichidae. The behaviors assessed were: scent marking [reproductive suppression]; mounting, thrusting, allogrooming, huddling [pair-bonding]; food transferring, and infant carrying [infant caretaking]. Socialization was defined as the process of social learning that guides young primates in the day to day life of a species and was assumed to occur via two potential processes: active participation and passive observation. It was supposed that juveniles may learn behaviors relevant to pair-bonding and infant caretaking by participating in interactions with other group members. It was also supposed that juveniles may further learn about these behaviors by observing a pair-bonded male and female. Recognizing the potential importance of both socialization processes, this study attempted to answer several questions with respect to the aforementioned behaviors: do juveniles and adults engage in these behaviors, and, if the behavior is a social interaction, with whom?
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Price, Eluned C. "Reproductive strategies of cotton-top tamarins." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.257551.
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Fanutti, Cristina. "The selective hydrolysis of tamarind seed xyloglucan (tamarind gum) using enzymes isolated from germinated nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus L.) cotyledons." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386556.
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Haitana, Tracy Nicola. "Testing Tamariki: How Suitable is the PPVT-III?" Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1399.
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In New Zealand, Māori currently experience the "poorest health status of any ethnic group" characterised by high rates of physical and mental illness, educational underachievement, unemployment, criminal incarceration, and low socioeconomic status (Durie, 1998; Ministry of Health, 1999, 2002a, p. 2). Despite attempts to reduce the disparities between Māori and other New Zealanders, Māori continue to have a lower life expectancy than non-Māori (Durie, 1998; Reid, 1999). Māori children show similar levels of disadvantage experiencing high rates of illness and preventable death (Ministry of Health, 1998). Māori children also achieve poorly in educational settings, with literacy levels and overall involvement in education found to be below that of non-Māori (Ministry of Education, 2003a). Research findings have identified that health and educational disparities may be explained in part, by a mismatch between current approaches to practice and service delivery, and the values, beliefs, and experiences of Māori (Phillips, McNaughton, & MacDonald, 2004). In line with such findings, a number of standardised psychometric tests developed outside of New Zealand, have also been found to produce culturally biased results when used with Māori (Ogden, 2003; Ogden & McFarlane-Nathan, 1997). The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT-III) is one such test which is currently used in New Zealand to measure receptive vocabulary skills (Stockman, 2000). This research investigated the suitability of the PPVT-III with 46 Māori children from three different age groups. Results revealed that the PPVT-III appeared to be suitable for use with Māori, although a number of suggestions were made as to ways in which the administration and interpretation of PPVT-III test scores could be adjusted when working with Māori. Additional research is required to establish whether changes to culturally biased items may improve the validity of the PPVT-III for use with Māori.
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Thompson, Christopher L. "Treatment of Saltcedar (Tamarix spp.): Economics and Feasibility." DigitalCommons@USU, 2008. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/163.
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The invasive species Saltcedar is affecting water and land resources throughout the western states of America. Because of great water use capabilities and other ecosystem detriments, Saltcedar has been targeted for treatment. For successful management of Saltcedar, individual landowners need to be aware of the costs and benefits of treating Saltcedar. Eleven of the most commonly reported treatment methods were evaluated for firm level economic feasibility. Evaluated on the basis of treatment cost, treatment effectiveness, Saltcedar water-use, and re-vegetation water-use, a production plan of ten years was created for each treatment method. Some treatment methods required re-treatment and were evaluated with re-treatments most commonly found in the literature. Of the treatment methods evaluated, five treatment methods were determined to be most feasible. Landowner valuation of environmental changes in the ecosystem brought on by Saltcedar is very important in the decision of which treatment method to implement. Personal valuation, over a period of ten years, will often determine which treatment methods are most cost efficient.
Books on the topic "Tamarini"
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El tamarindo =: The tamarind tree. Miami, Fla: Ediciones Universal, 1993.
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Musonza, Ignatius C. Tamari of Tamarinda. Kigali: Éditions Bakame, 2005.
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Musonza, Ignatius C. Tamari of Tamarinda. Kigali: Éditions Bakame, 2005.
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Malvi, Vanraj. Tamarun magaj: Tamari kushalalatano bhagidar. Ahmedabad: Granthlok, 1991.
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Toselli, Carlo. Il bosco dei tamarindi =: The Tamarind wood = Le bois des tamariniers. West Vancouver, B.C: Le Grazie, 2005.
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Jessie, Cohen, and Smithsonian Institution, eds. Tamarin's mealtime. Norwalk, Conn: Soundprints, 2000.
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Tamarins. New York, NY: PowerKids Press, 2012.
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Tamarind mem. Toronto: Penguin, 1998.
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Tamarind Mem. London: Viking, 1997.
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Badami, Anita Rau. Tamarind mem. Toronto: Penguin, 2001.
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Mascarenhas, A. F., Srilata Nair, V. M. Kulkarni, D. C. Agrawal, S. S. Khuspe, and U. J. Mehta. "Tamarind." In Cell and Tissue Culture in Forestry, 316–25. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0992-7_24.
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Hrdlicka, Laurie, and Cynthia Stringfield. "Tamarins." In Hand-Rearing Wild and Domestic Mammals, 114–17. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470385005.ch16.
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Nair, Kodoth Prabhakaran. "Tamarind." In Minor Spices and Condiments, 177–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82246-0_17.
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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Tamarind Polysaccharide." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 544. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_10320.
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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Tamarinde." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 544. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_10319.
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Chalifoux, Laura V. "Congenital Anomalies, Tamarins." In Nonhuman Primates I, 188–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84906-0_28.
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Montali, Richard J. "Pterygodermatites nycticebi, Tamarins." In Nonhuman Primates, 69–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84924-4_16.
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Narina, Satya S. S., Christopher Catanzaro, and Anwar H. Gilani. "Moringa and Tamarind." In Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress, Fourth Edition, 813–31. Fourth edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351104609-44.
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Devi, Barsha, and Tridip Boruah. "Tamarind (Tamarindus indica)." In Antioxidants in Fruits: Properties and Health Benefits, 317–32. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7285-2_16.
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Hiwale, Shrikant. "Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.)." In Sustainable Horticulture in Semiarid Dry Lands, 197–212. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2244-6_13.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Tamarini"
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FARAH, NURUDDIN. "OF TAMARIND AND COSMOPOLITANISM!" In Proceedings of the Nobel Centennial Symposium. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812706515_0006.
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Vinarskii, Evgenii, Alexey Demakov, Alexander Kamkin, and Nina Yevtushenko. "Verifying cryptographic protocols by Tamarin Prover." In 2020 Ivannikov Memorial Workshop (IVMEM). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivmem51402.2020.00019.
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Ria, Matilda Bupu, Clara Yunita Ina Ola, and Damita Palalangan. "Difference in Effectiveness of Warm Ginger Water Compress and Sour Turmeric on Reducing Primary Menstrual Pain in Midwifery Students at Maranatha School Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.35.
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ABSTRACT Background: Dysmenorrhea is pain during menstruation felt by adolescent women, usually felt with cramps and concentrated in the lower abdomen. Complaints of menstrual pain can vary, ranging from mild to severe. This study aimed to prove the difference between the effectiveness of warm ginger water compress and the consumption of sour turmeric on reducing primary menstrual pain in students of Study Program of Diploma-III in Midwifery, Institute of Health Science Maranatha, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. Subjects and Method: This was a quasi-experiment conducted at Maranatha school, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, in 2019. A sample of 60 female students with menstrual pain was divided into two groups: (1) 30 students in the experimental group received warm ginger compresses, and (2) 30 students in the control group received turmeric and sour drinks. The dependent variable was menstrual pain, which was measured by visual analog scale (VAS). The independent variable was dysmenorrhea pain reliever herbal medicine (either warm compresses of ginger or tamarind turmeric). The data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. Result: Mean pain score in tamarind turmeric drink group (Mean= 27.32; SD = 1.38) was lower than the mean pain score in the ginger warm compresses (Mean = 33.68; SD = 1.38), and it was statistically significant (p= 0.148). Conclusion: Tamarind turmeric drink is more effective than the ginger warm compresses in relieving dysmenorrhea. Keyword: Primary Menstrual Pain, Warm Ginger Compress, Consumption of Turmeric and Acid. Correspondence: Matilda Bupu Ria. Study Program of Diploma-III in Midwifery, Institute of Health Science Maranatha, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. Jl. Kamp. Bajawa Nasipanaf, Kupang district, East Nusa Tenggara. Telp/Fax: 0380-8552971. E-mail: matildabupuria19@gmail.com. Mobile +6281241254153. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.35
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Mathiarasu, A., and M. Pugazhvadivu. "Studies on microwave pyrolysis of tamarind seed." In NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY AND CHEMICALS FROM BIOMASS (NCECB). AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0005644.
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Cremers, Cas. "Symbolic security analysis using the Tamarin prover." In 2017 Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design (FMCAD). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/fmcad.2017.8102229.
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Boobalan, S. C. "Comprehensive Review on the Influence of Natural Materials in Soil Stabilization." In Sustainable Materials and Smart Practices. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901953-31.
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Abstract. This comprehensive review insists on the impacts of various natural materials in the conventional ground improvement techniques. This review paper focuses on the utilization of natural materials such as Eggshell powder, Rice husk ash, Wheat husk ask, Tamarind Kernel Powder, Jaggery, Chebula, Lime and coir fibers as soil stabilizers. The properties of Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCC), California Bearing Ratio (CBR), index and consolidation characteristics had been compared with existing conventional strength of soils. Out of the materials used for soil stabilizing agents, Rice Husk Ash, Eggshell powder and Tamarind Kernel Powder showed better ground improvement properties. The eggshell powder with 5% optimum replacement by weight of dry soil sample showed an improvement in strength. The properties of the soil sample achieved the improvement in strength with rice husk ash of 6-8% optimum level. TKP of 10% was added in the soil sample showed the soil liquid limit increase to 117% from 67%. TKP of 2% and 8% were added in the soil sample showed the shrinkage limit decrease to 15.4% and 11.4% respectively. Meanwhile, TKP of 8% in the soil sample resulted in a decrease of dry density to 14 kN/m2 from 17.1 kN/m2. Similarly, improved strength for achieved from the following combinations of jaggery and eggshell powder, lime and Chebula.
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Remlein, Piotr, Mikolaj Rogacki, and Urszula Stachowiak. "Tamarin software – the tool for protocols verification security." In 2020 Baltic URSI Symposium (URSI). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ursi48707.2020.9254078.
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Garg, Sukant, Thanchanok Muangman, He Huifu, Li Ling, Sunil C. Kaul, and Renu Wadhwa. "Bioactivities in the tamarind seed extracts: A preliminary study." In THE IRAGO CONFERENCE 2017: A 360-degree Outlook on Critical Scientific and Technological Challenges for a Sustainable Society. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5021924.
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Richter, Susanne. "Ultrastructural analysis of callitrichid hepatitis in captive marmosets and tamarins." In European Microscopy Congress 2020. Royal Microscopical Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22443/rms.emc2020.195.
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Rajendran, Manikandan, Rajesh Shanmugavel, Rajajeyaganthan Ramanathan, and K. Mahendraprabhu. "Study on noise level reduction in tamarind seed powder based fire cracker." In CENTRAL EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON THERMOPHYSICS 2019 (CEST). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5117993.
Full textReports on the topic "Tamarini"
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Boyd, Sally, and Nicola Bright. Manaakitia ngā tamariki kia ora ai Supporting children’s wellbeing. NZCER, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18296/rep.0016.
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This research uses strengths-based kaupapa Māori and qualitative approaches. Wellbeing@School student survey data was used to select six primary schools where we were likely to see examples of effective practices. The students at these schools reported higher than average levels of wellbeing and teacher relationships, and lower levels of aggressive behaviour.
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Perkins, Dustin. Invasive exotic plant monitoring in Capitol Reef National Park: 2020 and 2021 field seasons. National Park Service, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294094.
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Invasive exotic plant (IEP) species are a significant threat to natural ecosystem integrity and biodiversity. Controlling them is a high priority for the National Park Service. The Northern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) selected the early detection of IEPs as one of 11 moni-toring protocols to be implemented as part of its long-term monitoring program. From June 5 to July 29, 2020, and May 30 to June 2, 2021, network staff conducted surveys for priority IEP species along the Oak Creek, Pleasant Creek, and State Route 24 monitoring routes at Capitol Reef National Park. We detected 834 patches of 11 priority IEP species along 67.9 kilometers (42.2 miles) of three monitoring routes. There were more patches of tamarisk along State Route 24, and a higher percentage of large patches, than in previous years. This indicates that previously identified IEP patches have expanded and grown. Field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) and Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) along State Route 24 have both increased in prevalence since monitoring began. Tamarisk (Tamarix sp.) was the most prevalent prior-ity IEP species on all three routes. On Oak and Pleasant creeks, there were fewer than three patches of all other IEPs. On State Route 24, there were 30 or more patches of Russian olive, quackgrass (Elymus repens), field bindweed, and blue mustard (Chorispora tenella). IEP prior-ity species were found on 71%, 47%, and 62% of transects along Oak Creek, Pleasant Creek, and State Route 24, respectively. Yellow sweet-clover (Melilotus officinalis) was the most fre-quently observed IEP on Oak Creek and Pleasant Creek. Percent cover was highest for yellow sweet-clover, Russian thistle (Salsola sp.), and tamarisk on Oak Creek, Pleasant Creek, and State Route 24, respectively. The NCPN plans to return to Capitol Reef in 2023 to continue the fourth rotation of invasive plant monitoring.
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Fehey, Kristina, and Dustin Perkins. Invasive exotic plant monitoring in Capitol Reef National Park: 2019 field season, Scenic Drive and Cathedral Valley Road. Edited by Alice Wondrak Biel. National Park Service, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286627.
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Invasive exotic plant (IEP) species are a significant threat to natural ecosystem integrity and biodiversity, and controlling them is a high priority for the National Park Service. The North-ern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) selected the early detection of IEPs as one of 11 monitoring protocols to be implemented as part of its long-term monitoring program. From May 30 to June 1, 2019, network staff conducted surveys for priority IEP species along the Scenic Drive and Cathedral Valley Road monitoring routes at Capitol Reef National Park. We detected 119 patches of six priority IEP species along 34 kilometers of the two monitor-ing routes. There were more patches of IEPs, and a higher percentage of large patches, than in previous years. This indicates that previously identified infestations have expanded and grown. The most common (47.1%) patch size among priority species was 1,000–2,000 m2 (0.25–0.5 acre). The vast majority (93.2%) of priority patches ranked either low (58.8%) or very low (34.4%) on the patch management index scale. Tamarisk (Tamarix sp., 72 patches) was the most prevalent priority IEP species. African mustard (Malcolmia africana, 32 patch-es), field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis, 9 patches), and Russian olive (Elaeagnus angusti-folia, 3 patches) occurred less commonly. Together, these four species represented 97.5% of all patches recorded in 2019. Four IEP species were found on the monitored routes for the first time: Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia), quackgrass (Elymus repens), Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila), and African mustard (Malcolmia africana, not on the priority species list before 2019). Cathedral Valley Road had higher IEP priority patches per kilometer (5.68) than the Scenic Drive (2.05). IEP species were found on 37.9% (25 of 66) of monitored transects. Almost all these detections were Russian thistle (Salsola sp.). Russian thistle was widespread, present in 33.3% of transects, with an estimated cover of 0.2% across all transects sampled. Across routes monitored in all three rotations (2012, 2015, and 2019), Russian thistle has increased in frequency. However, its frequency remained about the same from 2015 to 2019, and percent cover remains low. Tamarisk and field bindweed have both increased in preva-lence since monitoring began, with tamarisk showing a dramatic increase in the number and size of patches. Immediate control of tamarisk and these other species is recommended to reduce their numbers on these routes. The NCPN plans to Capitol Reef in 2020 to monitor Oak and Pleasant creeks, completing the third rotation of invasive plant monitoring.
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Sun, Amy Cha-Tien, and Kirsten Norman. Use of tamarisk as a potential feedstock for biofuel production. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1005052.
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Perkins, Dustin. Invasive exotic plant monitoring at Colorado National Monument: 2021 field season. Edited by Alice Wondrak Biel. National Park Service, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294260.
Full textAbstract:
Invasive exotic plant (IEP) species are a significant threat to natural ecosystem integrity and biodiversity, and controlling them is a high priority for the National Park Service. The Northern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) selected the early detection of IEPs as one of 11 monitoring protocols to be implemented as part of its long-term monitoring program. This report represents work completed at Colorado National Monument during 2021. During monitoring conducted June 9–15, a total of 15 priority IEP species in 395 patches were detected on 53.6 kilometers (33.3 mi) of monitoring routes. An additional four species were detected in transects. Yellow salsify (Tragopogon dubius), ripgut brome (Anisantha diandra), jointed goatgrass (Cylindropyrum cylindricum), and tamarisk (Tamarix sp.) were the most commonly detected priority IEPs along monitoring routes, representing 74% of all priority patches. Except for ripgut brome and broad-leaf pepperwort (Cardaria latifolia), most patches of priority IEPs were than 40 m2. Ninety-five percent of tree patches were classified as seedlings or saplings, which require less effort to control than mature trees. Cheatgrass (Anisantha tectorum) was the most common IEP in transects, found in >63% of transects along every route surveyed. When segments of monitoring routes consistently surveyed from 2005 to 2021 were analyzed, Red Canyon, Wedding Canyon, and Fruita Canyon all had the highest number of IEPs per 100 meters during the entire monitoring period. Increases were driven by increases in jointed goatgrass on all three routes and yellow salsify (Tragopogon dubius) in Wedding Canyon and tamarisk in Red Canyon. Jointed goatgrass appears to be rapidly expanding, increasing from 8 patches in 2019 to 42 patches in 2021 (though the routes surveyed were not all the same). In addition, three species not seen in recent years—Canada thistle (Breea arvensis), bull thistle (Cirsium vulgare), and broad-leaf pepperwort—were detected, but in fewer than 10 patches each. These species should be prioritized for control. The No Thoroughfare, Ute Canyon, and Monument Canyon routes all have stayed relatively stable over time, but at least one patch of jointed goatgrass was found on each. Network staff plans to return to re-sample monitoring routes in 2023.
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Despain, Martha J. Fruit Trees and Tamarisk Brooms: Grafting a Unique Perspective of American History in Willa Cather's Death Comes for the Archbishop. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada433900.
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Perkins, Dustin. Invasive exotic plant monitoring at Dinosaur National Monument: Results of the 2019 field season on the Green River, and the third completed monitoring rotation. Edited by Alice Wondrak Biel. National Park Service, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284627.
Full textAbstract:
Invasive exotic plant (IEP) species are a significant threat to natural ecosystem integrity and biodiversity, and controlling them is a high priority for the National Park Service. The Northern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) selected the early detection of IEPs as one of 11 monitoring protocols to be implemented as part of its long-term monitoring program. We also calculated a patch management index (PMI) to quantify the extent and density of invasive patches into a single value that helps identify the scale of the problem. Park managers can use this tool to help prioritize IEP treatment. At Dinosaur National Monument, the NCPN monitors IEPs in the Green and Yampa river corridors. This report summarizes data from monitoring on the Green River in 2019, and monitoring on the Yampa River in 2017, to represent the completion of the third monitoring rotation of the entire river corridor (2002–2005, 2010–2011, 2017–2019). During surveys conducted from June 26 to July 2, 2019, NCPN staff detected 12 priority IEP species and two non-priority species in a 84.6-hectare (209-acre) area along 74.4 kilometers of the Green River above (“upper”) and below (“low-er”) its confluence with the Yampa. A total of 2,535 IEP patches were detected. Of those patches, 24.2% and 15.6% were smaller than 40 m2 on the upper and lower Green River reaches, respectively. The patch management index (PMI) was low or very low for 95.7% of patches on the upper Green River and 90.9% of patches on the lower Green River. Tamarisk (Tamarix sp.), broad-leaf pepperwort (Lepidium latifolium), and yellow sweetclover (Meli-lotus officinalis) were the most widespread species. For the first time, NCPN monitoring detected teasel (Dipsacus sylvestris) on the upper Green River. Yellow sweetclover has increased on all three river reaches during the survey years. Musk thistle (Carduus nutans) was found at considerably lower levels than yellow sweetclover but has also increased on all three river reaches. Leafy spurge is increasing on the lower Green River and Yampa River. Cheatgrass was not monitored in the first rotation, but increased substantially in cover and percent frequency on all three river sections from 2010–2011 to 2017–2019. This increase may be due to a lack of recent high-flow scouring events. The highly regulated upper Green River generally has the highest number of IEPs, while the lower Green River has a moderate amount of IEPs. The largely unregulated flows of the Yampa River continue to result in a lower number of patches per kilometer, lower percent cover, and lower percent frequency than the upper or lower Green River. Network staff will return to the monument in 2022 to begin the fourth monitoring rotation.